FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU LIPNICK, RL FILOV, VA AF LIPNICK, RL FILOV, VA TI LAZAREV,NIKOLAI,VASILYEVICH TOXICOLOGIST AND PHARMACOLOGIST, COMES IN FROM THE COLD SO TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS AB Important and pioneering work on the physicochemical properties underlying the biological activity of nonelectrolytes was performed 'behind the iron curtain' by Soviet scientist Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev. In this Special Feature, Robert Lipnick and Vladimir Filov examine the contribution of Lazarev's numerous observations to the knowledge base in pharmacology and toxicology, which has only recently gained recognition in the West. C1 NN PETRON RES INST,DEPT CHEM BIOL & TOXICOL ANTITUMOR CPDS,ST PETERSBURG 189646,USSR. RP LIPNICK, RL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,STRUCT ACTIV GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0165-6147 J9 TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI JI Trends Pharmacol. Sci. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90024-Z PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HD766 UT WOS:A1992HD76600006 PM 1561714 ER PT J AU OBERDORFF, T HUGHES, RM AF OBERDORFF, T HUGHES, RM TI MODIFICATION OF AN INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY BASED ON FISH ASSEMBLAGES TO CHARACTERIZE RIVERS OF THE SEINE BASIN, FRANCE SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FRANCE; RIVERS; INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH; WATER POLLUTION ID WATER-QUALITY; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK AB The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) is a measure of fish assemblage 'health' that has been used to assess catchment and stream quality throughout North America. It reflects human perturbations on natural environmental structures and processes. While preserving the ecological foundation of the original North American metrics, we have modified and adapted the IBI to the mainstem Seine River and its major tributaries in France. This successful modification of the IBI to a considerably different fish fauna on a different continent further supports its wider use outside the midwestern United States. Using data collected in 1967, 1981, and 1988-1989 from a total of 46 sites, we show spatial and temporal variation in the Seine as indicated by IBI scores. Statistically significant relationships were found between IBI and catchment area but insignificant relationships existed between IBI and an independent Water Quality Index (WQI) based on water chemistry. Comparisons between the IBI and the WQI indicate that the former is a more sensitive and robust measure of water body quality. Our results demonstrate that the IBI, combined with a statistically designed national monitoring program, would offer a reliable means of assessing spatial patterns and temporal trends in water body improvement or degradation in France. The more primitive fish families in the Basin were affected first by perturbations. These families include all the diadromous species found in the Seine and suggest serious disruption of their life histories. C1 MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,ICHTYOL LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RI oberdorff, thierry/I-3109-2016 NR 34 TC 144 Z9 163 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 228 IS 2 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF00006200 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HE114 UT WOS:A1992HE11400002 ER PT J AU VANEMON, JM LOPEZAVILA, V AF VANEMON, JM LOPEZAVILA, V TI IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS - FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; WATER; SPECIFICITY; EXPOSURE; ANTIGEN; FOODS C1 CALIF OPERAT,MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043. RP VANEMON, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,944 E HARMON AVE,LAS VEGAS,NV 89109, USA. NR 61 TC 150 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 2 BP A79 EP A88 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GZ542 UT WOS:A1992GZ54200001 ER PT J AU IGNELZI, MA PADILLA, SS WARDER, DE MANESS, PF AF IGNELZI, MA PADILLA, SS WARDER, DE MANESS, PF TI ALTERED EXPRESSION OF PP60C-SRC INDUCED BY PERIPHERAL-NERVE INJURY SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; ONCOGENE; NERVE REGENERATION; CHICKENS ID VIRUS TRANSFORMING PROTEIN; SRC GENE-PRODUCT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH CONE; CELL; KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; LOCALIZATION; ANTIBODIES; NEURONS AB The normal src protein (pp60csrc) is localized principally in the nerve growth cone of developing neurons and declines to low levels with synaptic maturation. To determine whether pp60c-mrc is reexpressed in regenerating axons, its expression was studied by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analyses in adult chicken sciatic nerve following nerve crush injury. pp60c-src expression was found to increase during nerve repair with a temporal and spatial pattern consistent with a localization in regenerating axons. At the crush site, pp60c-src: increased to maximal levels 7 days postinjury, increasing fivefold relative to 0 day nerve. In the nerve segment distal to the injury, the maximal increase in pp60c-src was sevenfold and occurred between 11 and 21 days postinjury. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed pp60c-src in regenerating axons and certain nonneuronal cells at the site of nerve repair. pp60csrc was induced in both motor and sensory neurons, as shown by increased pp60c-src immunoreactivity in their cell bodies located in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. Phosphotyrosine-modified proteins that were potential targets of pp60c-mrc increased following nerve crush, and were localized to outgrowing neurites as well as to nonneuronal cells. These results suggest that pp60c-src is a common component of cellular mechanisms regulating growth cone migration in both regenerating and developing axons. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CB 7260,505 FAC LAB OFF BLDG,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE00165]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 26620] NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9967 J9 J COMP NEUROL JI J. Comp. Neurol. PD JAN 8 PY 1992 VL 315 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1002/cne.903150205 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA HB752 UT WOS:A1992HB75200004 PM 1372011 ER PT B AU GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM GOODRICH, JA AF GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM GOODRICH, JA GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI COMPUTER MODELING OF WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS OF STORAGE TANKS SO 1992 COMPUTER CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Computer Conference CY APR 12-15, 1992 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCTION ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-634-7 PY 1992 BP 933 EP 946 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BA61A UT WOS:A1992BA61A00091 ER PT J AU BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ AF BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ TI POLLUTION PREVENTION - THE NEW ENVIRONMENTAL ETHIC SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Prosperity without pollution has become the fundamental environmental theme of the 1990s. Or at least, the consideration of how we will achieve this economic and environmental imperative. The new paradigm - pollution prevention - will serve as the keystone of federal, state and local environmental policy. Support for the new approach - the new ethic - is broad based and includes environmentalists, industrialists, law-makers, academicians, government regulators and policy-makers, and the general public. The challenge is to switch from two decades of environmental policy based on pollution controls and government mandated regulations, to a future environmental policy based on pollution prevention, source reduction, recycling, and waste minimization. It will require a new social compact amongst environmental, industrial, and regulatory interests. The roles and contributions of the chemical engineer, synthetic organic and inorganic chemist, and the process analytical chemist will be integral to the full articulation and implementation of the new vision. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BREEN, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 2 EP 12 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JY551 UT WOS:A1992JY55100001 ER PT J AU NEWBURGRINN, SD AF NEWBURGRINN, SD TI RIGHT-TO-KNOW AND POLLUTION-PREVENTION LEGISLATION - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE CHEMIST SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB New concepts in "citizens right-to-know" have significantly changed environmental management. Congress required EPA to give information concerning chemicals in the community directly to the public, hoping that the availability of the information cause change. This was particularly relevant to the releases and transfers of toxics. This program, together with additional legislation that builds upon it, will provide significant new opportunities and challenges to the chemist. RP NEWBURGRINN, SD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,PUB DATA BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JY551 UT WOS:A1992JY55100003 ER PT J AU STETTER, JR PENROSE, WR MACLAY, GJ BUTTNER, WJ FINDLAY, MW CAO, Z LUSKUS, LJ MULIK, JD AF STETTER, JR PENROSE, WR MACLAY, GJ BUTTNER, WJ FINDLAY, MW CAO, Z LUSKUS, LJ MULIK, JD TI THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR - ONE SOLUTION FOR POLLUTION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Electrochemical gas sensors represent an expanding field of analytical chemistry. They are employed in instruments for chemical detection, and a wide variety of both portable and fixed-site toxic gas monitors exist today. These sensors have also found applications in monitoring industrial atmospheres, medical gases, process streams, and environmental pollution. Gas chromatographic instrumentation, ventilation controllers, energy management systems, automobile exhaust analyzers, safety alarms, personal exposure monitors, and analytical laboratory gas analyzers also utilize electrochemical sensors. C1 IIT,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60616. ARMSTRONG LAB,SUSTAINED OPERAT BRANCH,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP STETTER, JR (reprint author), TRANSDUCER RES INC,999 CHICAGO AVE,NAPERVILLE,IL 60540, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JY551 UT WOS:A1992JY55100010 ER PT J AU SLIVON, LE HO, JS BUDDE, WL AF SLIVON, LE HO, JS BUDDE, WL TI REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER USING MASS-SPECTROMETRY WITH A HELIUM-PURGED HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; INTERFACE; PROBE AB A flow-over hollow fiber membrane interface for a mass spectrometer is described in which the interior of a silicone rubber hollow fiber membrane is continuously purged with helium. The helium purge improves permeant transport from the hollow fiber interior to the ion source of the mass spectrometer, resulting in decreased response time and sub-part-per-billion sensitivity for selected volatile organic compounds in drinking water. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SLIVON, LE (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JY551 UT WOS:A1992JY55100014 ER PT J AU PULS, RW POWELL, RM AF PULS, RW POWELL, RM TI SURFACE-CHARGE REPULSIVE EFFECTS ON THE MOBILITY OF INORGANIC COLLOIDS IN SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TRANSPORT; COAGULATION; SULFATE; WATERS AB Batch and column experiments using natural aquifer material investigated the specific adsorption of anions onto charged inorganic colloidal surfaces in terms of enhanced colloid stability and transport in subsurface model systems. Variables in the study included flow rate, pH, ionic strength, aqueous chemical composition, colloid concentration and size. Specific adsorption of some anions resulted in enhanced colloid stability and transport of Fe2O3 particles due to increases in charge repulsion between the particles in suspension and between the particles and the immobile column matrix minerals. Extent of particle breakthrough was dependent upon a complex variety of parameters; however, the highest statistical correlation was observed with particle size and ionic composition of the supporting electrolyte. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ADA,OK 74820. RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 40 EP 54 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX625 UT WOS:A1992HX62500005 ER PT J AU WEST, CC AF WEST, CC TI SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SOLUBILIZATION OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN PUMP AND TREAT REMEDIATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER SOLUBILITY; MICELLE AB Experiments were conducted to investigate the enhanced solubilization of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) in nonionic surfactant solutions of Triton X-100, Brij-30, Igepal CA-720, and Tergitol NP-10 (alkyl polyoxyethylenes). Surfactant solubilization is being considered as a means to enhance mobile phase solubilities of ground-water contaminants for the purpose of improving the efficiency of pump and treat remediation. The primary objectives of this study were to observe the solubilization of relatively hydrophilic organic solutes at system temperatures similar to ground-water conditions and to determine if solubilization can be linearly correlated to the octanol/water partition coefficient, as has been observed by others for hydrophobic organic solutes. The results of this study show that surfactant solubilization of hydrophilic solutes is highly correlated with their octanol/water partition coefficient when corrected for temperature effects. It was also observed that there appears to be little difference in solubilizing efficiency between the four surfactants. RP WEST, CC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX625 UT WOS:A1992HX62500013 ER PT J AU PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG AF PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG TI LANDFILL LEACHATE EFFECTS ON TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES IN AQUIFER MATERIALS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; SORPTION; MATTER; SOILS; WATER AB The effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in landfill leachate on the transport of a hydrophobic organic compound through saturated aquifer material was investigated. Leachate DOC was found to be complex; attempts to characterize the organic matrix were not successful. Two hydrophobic compounds of environmental significance were evaluated for 1) their partitioning to DOC in leachate, and 2) the effects of leachate on their partitioning to aquifer material. Results showed that the leachate reacts with aquifer material to increase partitioning to the stationary phase and that the DOC in the landfill leachate enhances mobility of the hydrophobic compounds. The conclusion was that at present, we do not know how to predict the impact of a given leachate on a given aquifer material without experimental measurements. RP PFEFFER, FM (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 194 EP 204 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX625 UT WOS:A1992HX62500017 ER PT J AU WEAVER, JW LIEN, BK CHARBENEAU, RJ AF WEAVER, JW LIEN, BK CHARBENEAU, RJ TI EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING FOR HYDROCARBON SPILLS INTO THE SUBSURFACE - SENSITIVITY TO SOIL PROPERTIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Hydrocarbons which enter the subsurface through spills or leaks may create serious, long-lived ground-water contamination problems. Conventional finite difference and finite element models of multiphase, multicomponent flow often have extreme requirements for both computer time and site data when applied to field scale problems. Often, data limitations result in situations where application of complex models is not scientifically justifiable. Simplified models of the separate phase flow of the hydrocarbon and its dissolution into ground water may be appropriate for gaining insight into the significant phenomena, emergency response, or generic simulation for regulatory development. This paper outlines the components of a set of screening models for this problem and focuses on parameter sensitivity. Tabulated values of soil properties are used to model releases in typical soil materials. The availability of standard deviations of parameter values allows assessment of model response with regard to typical parameter variability. This knowledge has important consequences for emergency response applications which tend to rely on tabulated data instead of site specific data. Ultimate interest usually lies with dissolved aqueous concentrations, so the parameter sensitivity is assessed through concentrations predicted for down-gradient wells, as well as other significant aspects of the model results. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR RES WATER RESOURCES,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP WEAVER, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX625 UT WOS:A1992HX62500019 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V BECKERT, WF TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Samples of sand spiked with 36 nitroaromatic compounds, 19 haloethers, and 42 organochlorine pesticides, and a standard reference soil (certified for 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, dibenzofuran, and pentachlorophenol) were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide in a two- or four-vessel supercritical fluid extractor to establish the efficiency of the extraction and the degree of agreement of the parallel extraction recoveries. Furthermore, the many variables that influence the extraction process (e.g., flowrate, pressure, temperature, moisture content, cell volume, sample size, extraction time, modifier type, modifier volume, static versus dynamic extraction, volume of solvent in the collection vessel, and the use of glass beads to fill the void volume) were investigated. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89109. RP LOPEZAVILA, V (reprint author), MID PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,625-B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 488 BP 179 EP 205 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JB273 UT WOS:A1992JB27300014 ER PT J AU MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R AF MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R TI TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PLANT PESTICIDES - POTENTIAL DATA REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Many of the genetically engineered plant pesticides developed to date are rapidly approaching the stage in development where the next phase will include large-scale field testing, evaluation under FIFRA, and clearance for direct/indirect human consumption under FFDCA. Mammalian toxicological data requirements for safety evaluation should be based on the nature of the specific products arising from the newly introduced genetic material and die expected routes of significant human exposure. For example, minimum data requirements might be required on a food plant genetically engineered to synthesize only a single pesticidal protein known to be non-toxic to humans. A more complex scheme of studies might be required for transgenic plants in which major metabolic pathways have been affected to produce non-proteinaceous pesticide products. RP US EPA, DIV HLTH EFFECTS, OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 484 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HN997 UT WOS:A1992HN99700005 ER PT J AU MOSER, TJ BARKER, JR TINGEY, DT AF MOSER, TJ BARKER, JR TINGEY, DT TI ANTHROPOGENIC CONTAMINANTS - ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT, DEPOSITION, AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DRY DEPOSITION; HONEY BEES AB Through the processes of atmospheric transport and deposition, many anthropogenic contaminants such as industrial organics, pesticides, and trace metals have become widely distributed around the globe. Due to the phenomenon of long-range atmospheric transport, even the most remote areas of the planet are not out of range of contaminants emitted from distant anthropogenic sources. Many of these airborne contaminants are toxic and persistent, can bioaccumulate, and may remain biologically harmful for long periods of time. Although airborne contaminants are considered primarily a human health problem, there is increasing concern that they may have deleterious ecological consequences. When sensitive terrestrial plants and other biota experience chronic exposure to low concentrations of airborne toxic chemicals, sublethal effects may occur, with subsequent impacts on ecosystem structure and function. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP MOSER, TJ (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 483 BP 134 EP 148 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG426 UT WOS:A1992HG42600009 ER PT J AU AKLAND, GG DEKONING, H MAGE, DT OZOLINS, G AF AKLAND, GG DEKONING, H MAGE, DT OZOLINS, G TI GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT URBAN AIR-QUALITY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID EMISSIONS AB The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) have been collaborating since 1974 on an urban ambient air monitoring project. Monitoring results indicate that about 50% of the cities do not exceed the annual WHO SO2 guideline of 40-60-mu-g/m3 and only about 20% of the cities do not exceed the annual suspended particulate matter guideline of 60-90-mu-g/m3. Fortunately, progress in controlling sources is indicated by the downward trends in levels of SO2 and particulates measured in many of the cities. Fewer data are available for nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and lead. It appears that emissions are increasing for all five pollutants in developing countries which will likely result in an increased risk to the public health of the world's 1.8 billion city dwellers. C1 WHO, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. WHO, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND. RP AKLAND, GG (reprint author), US EPA, MAIL DROP 75, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 483 BP 162 EP 184 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG426 UT WOS:A1992HG42600011 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK AF DIXON, RK TI GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE - AN OVERVIEW SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DEFORESTATION; GREENHOUSE; GASES AB The production of greenhouse gases by anthropogenic activities may have begun to change the global climate. Although the global carbon cycle plays a significant role in projected climate change, considerable uncertainty exists regarding pools and fluxes within this cycle. Given our present understanding of global carbon sources and sinks, feedbacks from the biosphere will influence the process of climate change. Opportunities may exist to manage the biosphere and reduce the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The four chapters in this section survey the role of the global carbon cycle in projected climate change. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 483 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG426 UT WOS:A1992HG42600025 ER PT J AU YOUNGQUIST, J MYERS, GE HARTEN, TM AF YOUNGQUIST, J MYERS, GE HARTEN, TM TI LIGNOCELLULOSIC PLASTIC COMPOSITES FROM RECYCLED MATERIALS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID FIBER-POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COUPLING AGENTS; COMMON THERMOPLASTICS; CELLULOSIC FILLERS; CHEMICAL TREATMENT; PROCESSING AIDS; WOOD FIBERS; POLYPROPYLENES; EFFICIENCY AB Reductions are urgently needed in the quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW) materials that are currently being landfilled. Waste wood, waste paper, and waste plastics are major components of MSW and offer great opportunities as recycled ingredients in wood fiber-plastic composites. With cooperation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, a research and development program has been initiated at the Forest Products Laboratory and University of Wisconsin-Madison to investigate the processing, properties, and commercial potential of composites containing these recycled ingredients. Two processing technologies are being employed-melt blending and nonwoven web. Some past research studies are briefly reviewed to illustrate the behavior of wood fiber-polyolefin composites. C1 US EPA, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. RP YOUNGQUIST, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 476 BP 42 EP 56 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GW627 UT WOS:A1992GW62700004 ER PT J AU OSHEA, ML FIELD, R AF OSHEA, ML FIELD, R TI AN EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL STANDARDS AND DISINFECTION PRACTICES USED FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF STORMWATER SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS BACTERIOPHAGES; OF-THE-ART; COLIFORM BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; WATER-QUALITY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; GENE PROBES; INDICATORS RP OSHEA, ML (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,STORM & COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW POLLUT CONTROL PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2164 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1992 VL 37 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70251-X PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MD546 UT WOS:A1992MD54600002 PM 1642157 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB AF MARTONEN, TB TI DEPOSITION PATTERNS OF CIGARETTE-SMOKE IN HUMAN AIRWAYS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATES URANIUM MINERS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; LUNG-CANCER; CLEARANCE AB Experimental deposition patterns of cigarette smoke in surrogate human airway systems are very heterogeneous. Particle deposits are enhanced at predictable, well-defined morphological regions; most specifically, carinal ridges within bifurcation zones and along posterior sections of tubular airways. The efficiency of the mucociliary transport mechanism in vivo is also reduced at airway branchings. The geometrical sites of preferential particle deposition and impaired clearance can be correlated with clinically observed anatomical sites exhibiting increased incidences of bronchogenic carcinomas. These locations are not compatible with current theoretical models simulating only the usual particle deposition processes of inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion, while intending to account for particle hygroscopicity Moreover, data from human subject exposures indicate that heretofore unknown factors affect the distribution of inhaled cigarette smoke. Herein, a new mathematical model is presented that explains cigarette smoke deposition patterns, including bifurcation "hot spots," in terms of composition and cumulative density. The behavior of mainstream cigarette smoke can be related to physicochemical parameters of its particulate and vapor-gas phases and is a result of two distinct effects: (1) particle cloud motion and (2) vapor-gas behavior. In lung airways, Effect 1 is the most prominent. The high particle number, n(s) is-approximately-equal-to 3 x 10(9) cm-3, and mass, rho(s) is-approximately-equal-to 10(-4) g cm-3, concentrations of smoke dictate that a bolus of it has kinetic properties of an entity (Effect 1 above), independent of the aerodynamic size characteristics of individual constituent particles. This motion may be exacerbated by the bulk movement (Effect 2 above) of the vapor-gas phase density of smoke. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 85 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0006:DPOCSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HQ124 UT WOS:A1992HQ12400005 PM 1590221 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW AF SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND DAILY MORTALITY IN STEUBENVILLE, OHIO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL; AIR POLLUTION; MORTALITY ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; YORK-CITY; LONDON AB Particulate air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in London, England, both in the smog episodes of the 1950s and at the lower pollution levels of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Replicating these findings in the United States has been difficult, because particulates are usually sampled every sixth day. Replication, particularly with a gravimetric measure of particulates, is important in assessing the causality of the relation. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates by high volume gravimetric sampler are available for the Steubenville, Ohio, metropolitan area. These were matched to daily mortality counts from the detail mortality tapes of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths of residents which occurred outside the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were excluded. Because of the much smaller population, the average total number of deaths per day in the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area over the 11-year period 1974-1984 was about 1% of the deaths in a typical London winter. Despite this reduced statistical power, total suspended particulate count was significantly associated with increased daily mortality in Poisson regression analyses controlling for season and temperature. An increase in particulates of 100-mu-g/m3 was associated with a 4% increase in mortality on the succeeding day. Associations with sulfur dioxide were not significant after adjustment for particulates. The relation appeared to continue at levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-00002, ES-01108] NR 26 TC 287 Z9 293 U1 3 U2 21 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE318 UT WOS:A1992HE31800002 PM 1736656 ER PT J AU JACQUART, EM ARMENTANO, TV SPINGARN, AL AF JACQUART, EM ARMENTANO, TV SPINGARN, AL TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TREE RESPONSES TO WATER-STRESS IN AN OLD-GROWTH DECIDUOUS FOREST SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB Xylem water potential of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and pawpaw (Asimina triloba) and stem girth of white oak (Quercus alba) and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) were measured over 3 yr in an old-growth forest in SW Indiana. The 3 yr encompassed periods ranging from moderate drought to over average rainfall. Both precipitation events and the distance of a stem to a nonforested edge had an important influence on predawn xylem water potential. Individuals closer than 30 m to the edge of the forest had consistently lower water potentials than those farther into the forest. This correlation was greater for pawpaw than for dogwood, and differences were generally significant on drier dates. Stem girth was not linked as closely to spatial differences within the woods as to fluctuations in the precipitation pattern. Neither white oak nor tulip poplar showed a net increase in girth during the severe drought of 1988. During 1989, a year with greater than average rainfall, white oak had a greater stem girth increase than tulip poplar, a reversal of the predrought growth pattern, C1 US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. BUTLER UNIV,HOLCOMB RES INST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46208. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 127 IS 1 BP 158 EP 171 DI 10.2307/2426331 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GZ653 UT WOS:A1992GZ65300016 ER PT J AU BRAUNFAHRLANDER, C ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U SCHWARTZ, J GNEHM, HP RUTISHAUSER, M WANNER, HU AF BRAUNFAHRLANDER, C ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U SCHWARTZ, J GNEHM, HP RUTISHAUSER, M WANNER, HU TI AIR-POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; SULFUR-OXIDES; TERM EXPOSURE; HEALTH; INDOOR; MORBIDITY; DISEASE AB A diary study on a random sample of 625 Swiss children aged 0 to 5 yr was conducted in two cities in Switzerland to investigate the association between air pollution and respiratory symptoms. Total suspended particulates (TSP), SO2 and NO2 were measured by city monitor. In addition, passive samplers inside and outside the home measured NO2 concentration during the 6 wk each child was on the diary. Diaries were filled out by parents, and 20% were validated with the attending pediatrician's case notes. Incidence and duration of symptom episodes were examined separately. The study included any episode, episodes of coughing without runny nose, upper respiratory episodes, and episodes of breathing difficulty. In regressions using 6-wk average pollution that controlled for medical history, NO2 measured outdoors but not indoors was associated with the duration of any symptom. Total suspended particulates were a more significant predictor of duration of any symptom than NO2. The 6-wk average TSP was significantly associated with incidence of coughing episodes and marginally significant as a predictor of upper respiratory episodes. Previous day's TSP was a significant predictor of incidence of upper respiratory symptoms. Annual average of NO2 was associated with the duration of any episode and of upper respiratory episodes. We conclude that the incidence and duration of respiratory symptom episodes are likely associated with particulate concentrations and duration may be associated with NO2. C1 UNIV BASEL,DEPT PEDIAT,CH-4051 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. UNIV ZURICH,DEPT PEDIAT,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST HYG & OCCUPAT PHYSIOL,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BRAUNFAHRLANDER, C (reprint author), UNIV BASEL,DIV SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,STEINEGRABEN 49,CH-4051 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. NR 39 TC 212 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 145 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA GZ104 UT WOS:A1992GZ10400009 PM 1731597 ER PT B AU LANGEMEIER, RN AF LANGEMEIER, RN GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI CAN WE RESCUE PRIMACY - DO WE WANT TO - AN EPA REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1992 ANNUAL CONFERENCE: MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Conference of the American-Water-Works-Association: Management and Regulations CY JUN 18-22, 1992 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DRINKING WATER REG 7 BRANCH,KANSAS CITY,KS 66101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-649-5 PY 1992 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB29V UT WOS:A1992BB29V00018 ER PT B AU COOK, P AF COOK, P GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY UPDATE AND OVERVIEW - NEW PARADIGMS FOR THE DRINKING-WATER PROGRAM SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1992 ANNUAL CONFERENCE: MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Conference of the American-Water-Works-Association: Management and Regulations CY JUN 18-22, 1992 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-649-5 PY 1992 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB29V UT WOS:A1992BB29V00026 ER PT B AU BERGER, PS REGLI, S ALMODOVAR, L AF BERGER, PS REGLI, S ALMODOVAR, L GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM CONTROL IN DRINKING-WATER SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1992 ANNUAL CONFERENCE: MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Conference of the American-Water-Works-Association: Management and Regulations CY JUN 18-22, 1992 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-649-5 PY 1992 BP 845 EP 864 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB29V UT WOS:A1992BB29V00069 ER PT J AU ANIS, NA WRIGHT, J ROGERS, KR THOMPSON, RG VALDES, JJ ELDEFRAWI, ME AF ANIS, NA WRIGHT, J ROGERS, KR THOMPSON, RG VALDES, JJ ELDEFRAWI, ME TI A FIBEROPTIC IMMUNOSENSOR FOR DETECTING PARATHION SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR; PESTICIDE DETECTION; WAVE-GUIDE EVANESCENT FLUOROSENSORS; PARATHION IMMUNOSENSOR ID ENZYME AB Casein-parathion conjugates, immobilized by adsorption on quartz fibers, selectively adsorbed antiparathion rabbit antibodies raised against bovine serum albumin (BSA)-parathion conjugates from polyclonal immune sera. The presence of free parathion interfered with binding of the rabbit's antiparathion Abs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) goat antirabbit IgG were used to generate an optical signal, which was measured by a signal transducer based on total internal reflection fluorescence. Inhibition of binding of rabbit Abs by free parathion, reduced the optical signal and provided the basis for detection of parathion with this optical immunosensor. It could detect 0.3 ppb parathion and was highly specific since its detection of the oxygen analog paraoxon was possible at 100-fold higher concentration. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USA,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,DIV BIOTECHNOL,EDGEWOOD,MD 21010. US EPA,EMSL LV,EAD,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 627 EP 635 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HM068 UT WOS:A1992HM06800001 ER PT J AU LEWIS, DL SIMONS, AP MOORE, WB GATTIE, DK AF LEWIS, DL SIMONS, AP MOORE, WB GATTIE, DK TI TREATING SOIL SOLUTION SAMPLERS TO PREVENT MICROBIAL REMOVAL OF ANALYTES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB Soil microorganisms colonizing soil water sampling devices (lysimeters) reduced concentrations of biodegradable organic chemicals, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester, alachlor, methyl m-chlorobenzoate, and metolachlor as water entered through porous ceramic cups. In some cases, losses exceeded 99%. Additions of either a biocide (sodium hypochlorite) or a bacteriostat (copper salt) prevented microbial activity so that concentrations of test chemicals inside lysimeters equaled those outside. Field studies further indicated that treating lysimeters with a copper salt effectively prevented microbial activity. Thus, chemically treating soil water samplers could improve the accuracy of soil water data for a wide variety of analytes, including environmentally important organics, such as pesticides and industrial wastes, and inorganics, such as ammonia and nitrate. C1 DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,BUR PESTICIDES,SCI EVALUAT SECT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32311. DEPT ENVIRONM REGULAT,PESTICIDE & REVIEW SECT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP LEWIS, DL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GY253 UT WOS:A1992GY25300001 PM 16348616 ER PT J AU OTTO, DA HUDNELL, HK HOUSE, DE MOLHAVE, L COUNTS, W AF OTTO, DA HUDNELL, HK HOUSE, DE MOLHAVE, L COUNTS, W TI EXPOSURE OF HUMANS TO A VOLATILE ORGANIC MIXTURE .1. BEHAVIORAL-ASSESSMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE ( INDOOR AIR 90 ) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA AB Exposure to a low-level mixture of volatile organic compounds, typical of those found in new buildings, has been reported to impair neurobehavioral function in persons who have experienced sick building syndrome (SBS). Sixty-six healthy young males who had no history of chemical sensitivity were exposed for 2.75 h to a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds at 0 and 25 mg/m3. Even though subjects reported more fatigue and more mental confusion following exposure to volatile organic compounds than to clean air, performance on 13 neurobehavioral tests was not affected. Practice or learning effects were observed if administration of many behavioral tests were repeated. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship of exposure to volatile organic chemicals, neurobehavioral performance, and subject characteristics, e.g., age, gender, and chemical sensitivity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. INST ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,AARHUS,DENMARK. NSI ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 12 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HG921 UT WOS:A1992HG92100004 PM 1539999 ER PT J AU HUDNELL, HK OTTO, DA HOUSE, DE MOLHAVE, L AF HUDNELL, HK OTTO, DA HOUSE, DE MOLHAVE, L TI EXPOSURE OF HUMANS TO A VOLATILE ORGANIC MIXTURE .2. SENSORY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE ( INDOOR AIR 90 ) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA AB Time-course functions for symptoms of the sick building syndrome were derived from 66 healthy males who, during separate sessions, were exposed to clean air and to a volatile organic compound (VOC) mixture. The mixture contained 22 VOCs (25 mg/m3 total concentration) commonly found airborne in new or recently renovated buildings. Subjects rated the intensity of perceived irritation, odor, and other variables before, and twice during, 2.75-h exposure periods. Eye and throat irritation, headache, and drowsiness increased or showed no evidence of adaptation during exposure, whereas odor intensity decreased by 30%. These results indicate that irritation intensity and other symptoms are not related in any simple way to odor intensity, which suggests that the symptoms may not be a psychosomatic response to the detection of an aversive odor. Instead, subthreshold levels of VOCs may interact additively or hyperadditively and stimulate trigeminal nerve receptors. Also, air quality ratings improved by 18% during exposure, which suggests that both odor and irritation intensity may influence assessments of air quality. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES & REGULATORY SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,INST OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HUDNELL, HK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HG921 UT WOS:A1992HG92100005 PM 1540000 ER PT J AU KOREN, HS GRAHAM, DE DEVLIN, RB AF KOREN, HS GRAHAM, DE DEVLIN, RB TI EXPOSURE OF HUMANS TO A VOLATILE ORGANIC MIXTURE .3. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE ( INDOOR AIR 90 ) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA ID NASAL; AIR; LAVAGE; OZONE AB A set of symptoms has been described during the past two decades that has been called the "sick building syndrome." These symptoms include eye, nose, and throat irritation; headache; mental fatigue; and respiratory distress. It is likely that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in synthetic materials used in homes and office buildings contribute to these symptoms. However, there have been very few studies in which humans have been exposed to known amounts of VOCs under carefully controlled conditions. In this study, 14 subjects were exposed to a mixture of VOCs (25 mg/m3 total hydrocarbon) that is representative of what is found in new homes and office buildings. Because irritations of the nose and throat are symptoms often associated with the upper respiratory tract and may result from an inflammatory response in the upper airways, we used nasal lavage to monitor neutrophil (PMN) influx into the nasal passages following exposure to VOCs. There were statistically significant increases in PMNs, both immediately after a 4-h exposure to VOCs and 18 h later. RP KOREN, HS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HG921 UT WOS:A1992HG92100006 PM 1540001 ER PT J AU LEBOWITZ, MD QUACKENBOSS, JJ KRZYZANOWSKI, M OROURKE, MK HAYES, C AF LEBOWITZ, MD QUACKENBOSS, JJ KRZYZANOWSKI, M OROURKE, MK HAYES, C TI MULTIPOLLUTANT EXPOSURES AND HEALTH RESPONSES TO PARTICULATE MATTER SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE ( INDOOR AIR 90 ) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA ID OUTDOOR AIR-QUALITY; PEAK-FLOW METER; RESPIRATORY RESPONSES; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; INDOOR AB Epidemiological methods provide opportunities to study interactions of pollutants in complex environments. During the study of health and the environment and the evaluation of particulate matter in Tucson, we found that type, location, and temporality of particulate matter exposures were critical with respect to the various interactions that related to health effects. Indoor particulate matter interacted with other components of particulate matter found in tobacco smoke, as evidenced by lung function. The interaction of environmental tobacco smoke with indoor formaldehyde caused various symptoms. Other interactions occurred between indoor and outdoor forms of particulate matter, which caused symptoms in some of the subjects. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LEBOWITZ, MD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,CTR RESP SCI,HLTH & ENVIRONM PROGRAM,1501 N CAMPBELL AVE,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 FU FIC NIH HHS [1-F05-TWO3940] NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HG921 UT WOS:A1992HG92100011 PM 1540007 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, HW DUBOW, MS JARVIS, AW JONES, LA KRYLOV, VN MANILOFF, J ROCOURT, J SAFFERMAN, RS SCHNEIDER, J SELDIN, L SOZZI, T STEWART, PR WERQUIN, M WUNSCHE, L AF ACKERMANN, HW DUBOW, MS JARVIS, AW JONES, LA KRYLOV, VN MANILOFF, J ROCOURT, J SAFFERMAN, RS SCHNEIDER, J SELDIN, L SOZZI, T STEWART, PR WERQUIN, M WUNSCHE, L TI THE SPECIES CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION TO TAILED PHAGES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-DNA HOMOLOGY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TAXONOMIC DIFFERENTIATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS TAXONOMY; VIRAL TAXONOMY; TYPING PHAGES; PLANT-VIRUSES; BACTERIOPHAGES; HYBRIDIZATION AB A recently proposed polythetic definition of virus species appears easily applicable to bacteriophages. Criteria for classification of tailed phages are evaluated. Morphology, DNA homology, and serology are the most important criteria for delineation of species, but no single criterion is satisfactory. Dot-blot hybridization and seroneutralization may suggest false relationships by detecting common sequences in the DNA of otherwise unrelated phages. Species of tailed phages can be defined by a combination of morphology and DNA homology or serology. A procedure for identification of novel phages is outlined. Phage names should include elements of host names. C1 MCGILL UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MONTREAL H3A 2T5,QUEBEC,CANADA. NEW ZEALAND DAIRY RES INST,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. MOSCOW GENET MICROORGANISMS INST,MOSCOW,USSR. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. INST PASTEUR,LISTERIA LAB,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV OSNABRUCK,ANGEW GENET ABT,W-4500 OSNABRUCK,GERMANY. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,CTR CIENCIAS SAUDE,RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR SPERIMENTALE LATTE,ZELO BON PERSICO,ITALY. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,FAC SCI,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS,INST AGR & ALIMENTAIRE LILLE,VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. INST BIOTECHNOL,LEIPZIG,GERMANY. RP ACKERMANN, HW (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. RI Seldin, Lucy/H-9310-2012 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1992 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1007/BF01314626 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA HP113 UT WOS:A1992HP11300006 PM 1571021 ER PT J AU WARREN, WG BOHM, M LINK, D AF WARREN, WG BOHM, M LINK, D TI A STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR EXPLORING ELEVATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ELEVATION EFFECTS; SULFATE; LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS ID DEPOSITION AB A statistical methodology for exploring the relationships between elevation and precipitation chemistry is outlined and illustrated. The methodology is only applicable to situations where the precipitation at two (or more) matched sites is correlated. Maximum likelihood estimates and likelihood tests are utilized, with contour ellipses of assumed bivariate log-normal distributions to assist in the interpretation. Data from 12 sites located in the southern Rocky Mountains of the U.S. were used for illustration. The results indicate differences in sulphate concentrations between airsheds, between snow and rain, and between higher and lower elevations in the Rocky Mountains. There are other approaches for investigating these issues, however, the likelihood ratio with contour ellipses is easy to apply and interpret, and we feel that it provides a greater insight than some of the more common analyses of variance or regression techniques. However, it is important to note that the superiority of one method over others depends on the criterion used. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST MANAGEMENT,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,COBVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,WESTERN CONIFERS RES COOPERAT,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,DENVER,CO 80202. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90268-P PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GP343 UT WOS:A1992GP34300013 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, WJ HINES, AP BOWEN, JA DOWLER, OL BARNARD, WF AF MITCHELL, WJ HINES, AP BOWEN, JA DOWLER, OL BARNARD, WF TI SIMPLE SYSTEMS FOR CALIBRATING AND AUDITING SO2 MONITORS AT REMOTE SITES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Note DE AIR MONITORS; CALIBRATING; AUDITING; SULFUR DIOXIDE; QUALITY ASSURANCE AB Described are compact, lightweight, rugged, and simple-to-operate pollutant generating systems that can be used to calibrate and to audit SO2 and possibly other ambient air monitors located at inaccessible sites. The field and laboratory experiments done during the development of these systems are also described. The laboratory studies indicated that the systems could also be used for NO2, but the field tests were inconclusive. The portion of the systems used to generate the dilution air is sufficiently inexpensive and modular that many networks could dedicate one zero (dilution) air system to each field site. The systems use a diaphragm pump, a cartridge containing Purafil/silica gel, a cartridge containing silica gel, a flow measuring system, and a low output permeation tube to generate pollutant concentrations between 1 and 30 ppbv with an accuracy (for SO2) of better than 2 ppbv. To avoid using a temperature control device such as a bath or oven, the output of the permeation tube as a function of temperature is determined in the laboratory. At the field site, the temperature of the dilution air flowing over the permeation device and the barometric pressure are used to determine the output of the permeation device. RP MITCHELL, WJ (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90270-U PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GP343 UT WOS:A1992GP34300015 ER PT J AU DUTTA, SK DAS, K GHOSH, B BLACKMAN, CF AF DUTTA, SK DAS, K GHOSH, B BLACKMAN, CF TI DOSE DEPENDENCE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS EXPOSED TO MODULATED RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE NG108-15 CELL LINE; ACHE ACTIVITY; 16 HZ; AMPLITUDE MODULATION ID CALCIUM-ION EFFLUX; NEURO-BLASTOMA CELLS; SYNAPSE FORMATION; HYBRID CELLS; BRAIN-TISSUE; FIELDS; CULTURE; BINDING; VHF AB Radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RFR) at 915 and at 147 MHz, when sinusoidally amplitude modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, has been shown to enhance release of calcium ions from neuroblastoma cells in culture. The dose-response relation is unusual, consisting of two power-density "windows" in which enhanced efflux occurs, separated by power-density regions in which no effect is observed. To explore the physiological importance of these findings, we have examined the impact of RFR exposure on a membrane-bound enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is intimately involved with the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter system. Neuroblastoma cells (NG108), exposed for 30 min to 147-MHz radiation. AM at 16 Hz, demonstrated enhanced AChE activity, as assayed by a procedure using C-14-labeled ACh. Enhanced activity was observed within a time window between 7.0 and 7.5 h after the cells were plated and only when the exposure occurred at power densities identified in a previous report as being effective for altering the release of calcium ions. Thus RFR affects both calcium-ion release and AChE activity in nervous system-derived cells in culture in a common dose-dependent manner. C1 HOWARD UNIV,CANC RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DUTTA, SK (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1002/bem.2250130407 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA JF337 UT WOS:A1992JF33700006 PM 1510740 ER PT B AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ BE MAGIN, RL LIBURDY, RP PERSSON, B TI LOCAL AND GLOBAL THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES TO MRI FIELDS SO BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY CY MAY 15-17, 1991 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, NCI, FDA, BERLEX LABS, BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARM RES INST, SOC MAGNET RESONANCE IMAGING RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-698-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 649 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb49616.x PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BW41Q UT WOS:A1992BW41Q00021 PM 1580499 ER PT J AU LEIDY, RA FIEDLER, PL MICHELI, ER AF LEIDY, RA FIEDLER, PL MICHELI, ER TI IS WETTER BETTER SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,GRAD PROGRAM CONSERVAT BIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94132. RP LEIDY, RA (reprint author), US EPA,WETLANDS SECT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 58 EP & DI 10.2307/1311629 PG 0 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA GW635 UT WOS:A1992GW63500009 ER PT J AU ROGERS, KR LIN, JN AF ROGERS, KR LIN, JN TI BIOSENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB In this article we will Outline several biosensor applications which may fill existing technology gaps in the area of environmental monitoring. The requirements for these environmental biosensors, as well as difficulties in commercialization, are also addressed. C1 BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM CORP,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46250. RP ROGERS, KR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 3 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1992 VL 7 IS 5 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0956-5663(92)85026-7 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HW247 UT WOS:A1992HW24700002 PM 1632945 ER PT J AU SEIDLER, RJ AF SEIDLER, RJ TI EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR DETECTING ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS FROM GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS AND MICROBIAL PEST-CONTROL AGENTS IN TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Review DE RISK ASSESSMENT; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROBES; ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS; MICROCOSMS; RECOMBINANT STREPTOMYCES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; MYCORRHIZAL INTERACTIONS WITH MPCAS; TOXIC METABOLITES ID SOIL-CORE MICROCOSMS; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; STREPTOMYCES; LIGNOCELLULOSE; CLONING; ROOTS; GENE AB This report summarizes and evaluates research from several laboratories that deals with the detection of ecological effects induced through exposure of microbes or plants to genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) and microbial pest control agents (MPCAs). Some 27 potential endpoints for measuring effects have been studied. Perturbations induced by GEMs have been detected in about one-half of these endpoints. Detectable effects have been recorded for over half of the 16 species of bacteria and fungi studied. The effects caused by GEMs and MPCAs include inhibition of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi growing on Douglas fir seedling roots, depression in plant root and shoot growth, inhibition of predatory soil protozoa, accumulation of a toxic metabolite during biodegradation that inhibits soil fungi, increased microbial community respiration due to rapid lignin breakdown in soil, and the displacement of a broad group of gram-negative bacteria that inhabit the root surface of cereal crops. These effects were usually, but not always, of short duration. However, some of the changes were irreversible during the observation time of days, weeks, or in one case, months. RP SEIDLER, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PY 1992 VL 10 IS 2 BP 149 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0734-9750(92)90001-P PG 30 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JD759 UT WOS:A1992JD75900001 PM 14544532 ER PT J AU CUMMING, BF SMOL, JP KINGSTON, JC CHARLES, DF BIRKS, HJB CAMBURN, KE DIXIT, SS UUTALA, AJ SELLE, AR AF CUMMING, BF SMOL, JP KINGSTON, JC CHARLES, DF BIRKS, HJB CAMBURN, KE DIXIT, SS UUTALA, AJ SELLE, AR TI HOW MUCH ACIDIFICATION HAS OCCURRED IN ADIRONDACK REGION LAKES (NEW-YORK, USA) SINCE PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; ACID PRECIPITATION; PIRLA PROJECT; ALKALINITY; PH; RECONSTRUCTIONS; TERRESTRIAL; CALIBRATION; DEPOSITION; GENERATION AB Preindustrial and present-day lake water pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), total monomeric aluminum (Al(m)), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were inferred from the species composition of diatom and chrysophyte microfossils in the tops (present-day inferences) and bottoms (pre-1850 inferences) of sediment cores collected from a statistically selected set of Adirondack lakes. Results from the study lakes were extrapolated to a predefined target population of 675 low-alkalinity Adirondack region lakes. Estimates of preindustrial to present-day changes in lake water chemistry show that approximately 25-35% of the target population has acidified. The magnitude of acidification was greatest in the low-alkalinity lakes of the southwestern Adirondacks, an area with little geological ability to neutralize acidic deposition and receives the highest annual average rainfall in the region. We estimate that approximately 80% of the target population lakes with present-day measured pH less-than-or-equal-to 5.2 and 30-45% of lakes with pH between 5.2 and 6.0 have undergone large declines in pH and ANC, and concomitant increases in [Al(m)]. Estimated changes in [DOC] were small and show no consistent pattern in the acidified lakes. This study provides the first statistically based regional evaluation of the extent of lake acidification in the Adirondacks. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, INDIANA UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. UNIV BERGEN, INST BOT, N-5007 BERGEN, NORWAY. US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP QUEENS UNIV, DEPT BIOL, PALEOECOL ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT & RES LAB, KINGSTON K7L 3N6, ONTARIO, CANADA. RI Birks, H John B/C-3103-2008; Smol, John/A-8838-2015 OI Birks, H John B/0000-0002-5891-9859; NR 92 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1 BP 128 EP 141 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HC985 UT WOS:A1992HC98500015 ER PT J AU BERMAN, D SULLIVAN, R HURST, CJ AF BERMAN, D SULLIVAN, R HURST, CJ TI EFFECT OF THE METHOD OF PREPARING MONOCHLORAMINE UPON INACTIVATION OF MS2 COLIPHAGE, ESCHERICHIA-COLI, AND KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLORINE; MONOCHLORAMINE; VIRUS; BACTERIA; DISINFECTION ID DRINKING-WATER; INORGANIC CHLORAMINES; CHLORINE; VIRUSES AB Monochloramine prepared in situ by first adding chlorine to a suspension of microorganisms, followed by subsequent addition of ammonia, inactivated the MS2 coliphage more rapidly than did exposure of phage to monochloramine prepared either by adding chlorine to ammonia or by adding chlorine and ammonia simultaneously. The rapid viral inactivation was apparently due to the exposure of MS2 to free chlorine before the addition of ammonia. The average 99% CT value of MS2 when exposed to free chlorine was 1.3 and 1.1 at 5 and 15-degrees-C, respectively. The average 99% CT values of MS2 briefly exposed to the combined action of free chlorine followed by the addition of ammonia to form monochloramine in situ were 19.3 and 1.5 at 5 and 15-degrees-C, respectively. No 99% CT values were calculated for the inactivation of MS2 with preformed monochloramine because less than 1 log (90%) of inactivation occurred during a 4-h contact time. Inactivation of MS2 by monochloramine was more rapid at 15 than at 5-degrees-C and when the chlorine to nitrogen weight ratio was 5:1 compared with 3:1. Monochloramine was a more efficient inactivating agent for the coliforms Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae than it was for the MS2 coliphage. RP BERMAN, D (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 38 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA HM164 UT WOS:A1992HM16400004 PM 1581862 ER PT J AU WHITE, D KIMERLING, AJ OVERTON, WS AF WHITE, D KIMERLING, AJ OVERTON, WS TI CARTOGRAPHIC AND GEOMETRIC COMPONENTS OF A GLOBAL SAMPLING DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE GLOBAL SAMPLING DESIGN; SAMPLING GRID; MAP PROJECTIONS; POLYHEDRAL TESSELLATION; TRUNCATED ICOSAHEDRON; HIERARCHICAL GRID GEOMETRY ID QUADTREE AB A comprehensive environmental monitoring program based on a sound statistical design is necessary to provide estimates of the status of, and changes or trends in, the condition of ecological resources. A sampling design based upon a systematic grid can adequately assess the condition of many types of resources and retain flexibility for addressing new issues as they arise. The randomization of this grid requires that it be regular and retain equal-area cells when projected on the surface of the earth. After review of existing approaches to constructing regular subdivisions of the earth's surface, we propose the development of the sampling grid on the Lambert azimuthal equal-area map projection of the earth's surface to the face of a truncated icosahedron fit to the globe. This geometric model has less deviation in area when subdivided as a spherical tessellation than any of the spherical Platonic solids, and less distortion in shape over the extent of a face when used for a projection surface by the Lambert azimuthal projection. A hexagon face of the truncated icosahedron covers the entire conterminous United States, and can be decomposed into a triangular grid at an appropriate density for sampling. The geometry of the triangular grid provides for varying the density, and points on the grid can be addressed in several ways. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP WHITE, D (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,METI,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 38 TC 156 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD JAN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1559/152304092783786636 PG 18 WC Geography SC Geography GA HG285 UT WOS:A1992HG28500001 ER PT S AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL BE Khan, MR TI METAL BEHAVIOR DURING MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION SO CLEAN ENERGY FROM WASTE AND COAL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON CLEAN ENERGY FROM WASTE AND COAL, AT THE 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL NEW YORK, NY SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV FUEL CHEM RP LEE, CC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2514-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 515 BP 189 EP 198 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX33H UT WOS:A1992BX33H00015 ER PT J AU LEMIEUX, PM LINAK, WP MCSORLEY, JA WENDT, JOL AF LEMIEUX, PM LINAK, WP MCSORLEY, JA WENDT, JOL TI TRANSIENT SUPPRESSION PACKAGING FOR REDUCED EMISSIONS FROM ROTARY KILN INCINERATORS SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TOXIC COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS CY MAR, 1991 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN RES LAB, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, NATL SCI FDN ENGN RES CTR, UNIV UTAH, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, NIEHS HO UNIV UTAH DE TRANSIENT; ROTARY KILN; INCINERATION ID LIQUID WASTES; BATCH INCINERATION; SIMULATOR; SORBENT; PUFFS AB Experiments were performed on a 73 kW rotary kiln incinerator simulator to determine whether innovative waste packaging designs might reduce transient emissions of products of incomplete combustion due to batch charging of containerized liquid surrogate waste compounds bound on ground corncob sorbent. When containers of waste are batch charged into rotary kilns, the rupture of the container is often followed by a very rapid evolution of any volatile compounds contained therein. This flash vaporization/pyrolysis can result in local depletion of available oxygen, as supplied from the primary burner. This can lead to a transient puff of partially combusted organic material that can pass through the primary combustion chamber, and possibly even through the secondary combustion chamber and/or downstream pollution control equipment. This phenomenon frequently leads to feed rate limitations based on the volatility or heat of combustion of organic liquids inside the containers. EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory has developed a prototype container system designed to partition the waste/sorbent mixture within the containers that are fed into the rotary kiln. By compartmentalizing the waste, the release of volatile compounds is delayed over a longer period of time than when charging single-chambered containers. Thus, the local depletion of oxygen occurs to a lesser degree, resulting in an overall smaller transient puff. This hypothesis is supported by both experimental results and predictions from a kiln waste release model. Time-integrated measurements of carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and soot have been combined into a single dimensionless indicator of puff magnitude, the Unsatisfied Oxygen Demand (UOD). Initial experiments have determined that it may be possible to dramatically reduce the magnitude (UOD) of transient puffs from batch charging of containerized liquids into rotary kilns by utilizing multi-chambered containers to retard volatilization of liquids from the ruptured container. This concept has potential application as a means to reduce transient emissions from rotary kiln incinerators and industrial furnaces. It also provides a potential means to increase the feed rate of containerized volatile waste compounds without severely depleting available oxygen. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP LEMIEUX, PM (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1-6 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1080/00102209208947168 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LN383 UT WOS:A1992LN38300013 ER PT J AU HINSHAW, G GILFORD, P KINSEY, J SACK, T HUFFMAN, G LIN, P AF HINSHAW, G GILFORD, P KINSEY, J SACK, T HUFFMAN, G LIN, P TI FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOOT DEPOSITS FROM NON-OPTIMUM COMBUSTION OF .6. FUEL-OIL WITH CHLORINATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AN INDUSTRIAL BOILER SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TOXIC COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS CY MAR, 1991 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN RES LAB, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, NATL SCI FDN ENGN RES CTR, UNIV UTAH, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, NIEHS HO UNIV UTAH AB During a hazardous waste combustion study performed for U.S. EPA, sampling and analysis was conducted on both stack gases and solid ''soot'' collected from a boiler's interior surfaces. Various techniques for soot characterization were explored; primary analytes included volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. A technique involving thermal desorption-GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) was developed and used for the soot analysis. In addition, selected samples were analyzed by electron beam techniques, i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and by laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) to determine morphology, size and elemental composition of soot particles. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HINSHAW, G (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,425 VOLKER BLVD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1-6 BP 243 EP 258 DI 10.1080/00102209208947170 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LN383 UT WOS:A1992LN38300015 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM WILLIAMS, RW PERRY, E LEMIEUX, PM LINAK, WP AF DEMARINI, DM WILLIAMS, RW PERRY, E LEMIEUX, PM LINAK, WP TI BIOASSAY-DIRECTED CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC EXTRACTS OF EMISSIONS FROM A LABORATORY-SCALE INCINERATOR - COMBUSTION OF SURROGATE COMPOUNDS SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TOXIC COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS CY MAR, 1991 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN RES LAB, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, NATL SCI FDN ENGN RES CTR, UNIV UTAH, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, NIEHS HO UNIV UTAH DE COMPLEX MIXTURES; MUTAGENICITY; ROTARY-KILN INCINERATION; HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION ID COMPLEX-MIXTURES; LIQUID WASTES; BATCH INCINERATION; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; PROPHAGE-LAMBDA; TRANSIENT PUFFS; AIR PARTICLES; ROTARY KILNS; FRACTIONATION; INDUCTION AB A prototype/laboratory-scale rotary kiln (73 kW, 250000 Btu/h) was used to examine the chemical composition and biological effects of the emissions produced when the kiln was operated under suboptimal conditions resulting from batch charging. The surrogate wastes evaluated were polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), toluene (TOL), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), PE + PVC, and TOL + CCl4. The dichloromethane-extractable organics from particles (collected on filters) and semi-volatiles (collected on XAD-2 resin) were evaluated for mutagenic activity using the Salmonella (Ames) mutagerticity assay in strain TA98 (+ S9). The mutagenic potencies (revertants/microgram of extractable organics) of the emissions ranked as follows: PE > TOL > PE + PVC > TOL + CCl4. The organic extracts from the PVC and CCl4 emissions were not mutagenic. The mutagenic emission factors (revertants/kilogram of fuel or /megajoule of heat) for the TOL or PE emissions were similar to those for municipal waste combustors; those for PE + PVC or TOL + CCl4 were similar to those for oil or coal burned in industrial and utility boilers and power plants. These results suggest that the mutagenic emission factors may depend as much or more on the operating conditions of the incinerator than on the feed stock. Extracts were fractionated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and each HPLC fraction was evaluated for mutagenic activity using strain TA98 (+ S9) in a microsuspension mutagenicity assay. Bioassay-directed chemical analysis was performed by subjecting selected mutagenic fractions to analysis by mass spectrometry. Various PAHs were identified in mutagenic fractions of the PE emissions. This study illustrates the value of performing both chemical and biological analyses of chemically complex combustion emissions in order to characterize the potential health effects of such mixtures. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1-6 BP 437 EP 453 DI 10.1080/00102209208947182 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LN383 UT WOS:A1992LN38300027 ER PT J AU PARRISH, RS AF PARRISH, RS TI COMPUTING EXPECTED VALUES OF NORMAL ORDER-STATISTICS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE COMPUTATION; EXPECTED VALUES; NORMAL ORDER STATISTICS; TABLES AB Expected values and standard deviations of order statistics in samples from a normal parent distribution are developed. Values were computed on the basis of a Gauss-Legendre quadrature technique to 25 decimal places for sample sizes of 2(1)50, 60(10)200, and 225(25)500. These values are more precise than those of other available tables and are more accurate for higher sample sizes. An abbreviated table of expected values is presented covering sample sizes up to 50. C1 US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1080/03610919208813008 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA HF537 UT WOS:A1992HF53700004 ER PT J AU PARRISH, RS AF PARRISH, RS TI COMPUTING VARIANCES AND COVARIANCES OF NORMAL ORDER-STATISTICS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE COMPUTATION; COVARIANCES; NORMAL ORDER STATISTICS; TABLES; VARIANCES AB A technique for computation of variances and covariances of normal order statistics is presented. This method provides the means to extend the precision of and correct errors in current tables. A numerical integration approach is employed for the calculations and associated error bounds are developed. Tables were constructed for samples sizes up to 50 with precision as follows: 25 decimal places (d.p.) for samples sizes of 2(1)20; 20 d.p. for 21(1)30; 15 d.p. for 31(1)40; 10 d.p. for 41(1)50. A table of variances and covariances for sample sizes up to 20 and a table of product moments of normal order statistics for samples sizes of 20(10)50 are presented. C1 US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 71 EP 101 DI 10.1080/03610919208813009 PG 31 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA HF537 UT WOS:A1992HF53700005 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL GARGAS, ML AF HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL GARGAS, ML TI AN INVITRO GAS EQUILIBRATION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS IN FISH SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; BIPHENYLS; RAT AB 1. A gas equilibration method for the determination of in vitro chemical partition coefficients in mammals was adapted for use with fish. 2. In vitro blood:water and tissue:blood partition coefficients were determined for three chlorinated ethanes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 3. In vitro partition coefficients accurately predicted chemical concentrations in tissues of exposed trout. C1 ASCI CORP INC,DULUTH,MN 55804. ARMSTRONG AEROSP MED RES LAB,DAYTON,OH 45433. RP HOFFMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 101 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA HD603 UT WOS:A1992HD60300008 PM 1347730 ER PT B AU LEWTAS, J AF LEWTAS, J BE Clewell, HJ TI CARCINOGENIC RISKS OF POLYCYCLIC ORGANIC MATTER (POM) SO CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD): SCIENCE, POLICY, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD) - Science, Policy, and Practice CY APR 09-11, 1991 CL DAYTON, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, NAVAL MED RES INST, TOXICOL DETACHMENT, ARMY BIOMED RES & DEV LAB, NATL RES COUNCIL COMM TOXICOL C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CONFERENCE GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PI CINCINNATI PA 6500 GLENWAY AVE, BLDG D-7, CINCINNATI, OH 45211 BN 0-936712-90-2 PY 1992 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BC41F UT WOS:A1992BC41F00023 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, RM PERREAULT, SD ELSTEIN, KH AF ZUCKER, RM PERREAULT, SD ELSTEIN, KH TI UTILITY OF LIGHT SCATTER IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPERM SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE DECONDENSATION; FLOW CYTOMETRY; MORPHOLOGY ID X-CHROMOSOME-BEARING; SCAN FLOW-CYTOMETRY; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; MAMMALIAN SPERM; SPERMATOGENIC FUNCTION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MOUSE SPERM; DNA; ABNORMALITIES; QUANTIFICATION AB We were able to differentiate the morphologically diverse sperm nuclei of four animal species by using an Ortho flow cytometer to detect the forward light scatter from a red (helium-neon) laser. Cytograms depicting the axial light loss and forward red scatter signals revealed unique, but reproducible, sigmoid distributions that reflected not only interspecies differences in shape and size, but variations in particle refractive index and orientation within the flow cell at the time of analysis. Consequently, we were able to use regional gating of the light scatter cytogram to minimize the influence of orientation on the resolution of the fluorescence signal. We also observed that sperm enlarging as a result of chemically induced decondensation exhibit over time a biphasic shift (increase, then decrease) in light scatter at a species-dependent rate. These results suggest that, without any special adaptations to the flow cytometer, light-scatter parameters can be used to discriminate morphologically different sperm, to enhance the resolution of fluorescence measurements that may otherwise be confounded by variability in radial orientation, and to detect alterations in the rate of a biochemical/biophysical process such as decondensation. C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ZUCKER, RM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1002/cyto.990130108 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA GX311 UT WOS:A1992GX31100006 PM 1547657 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR TI 90-DAY TOXICITY STUDY OF CHLORAL HYDRATE IN THE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLORAL HYDRATE; TRICHLOROACETALDEHYDE MONOHYDRATE; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS ID MICE AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered drinking water containing 300, 600, 1200, or 2400 mg/L chloral hydrate for 90 days. A control group received distilled water only. No animals died during the study and no differences were observed in body weight gain or food and water consumption, except for males at the highest-dose level. Minor treatment-related effects were observed for organ weights and hematological parameters and these did not appear to be of toxicological significance. Some indications of toxicity were evident in the 2400 mg/L male group (equivalent to 168 mg/kg-day) including a significant decrease in food and water consumption and in weight gain. In addition, histopathological examination of these animals revealed an apparent increase in the incidence of focal hepatocellular necrosis. Increases in AST, ALT, and LDH, which occurred at several dose levels in males, but particularly at 2400 mg/L, are consistent with the hepatocellular necrosis of minimal to mild severity diagnosed by microscopic examination. These liver changes, except for sporadic enzyme changes, were not seen in the female rats which actually consumed higher doses of chloral hydrate (e.g., 288 mg/kg-day at 2400 mg/L). On the basis of the mild liver toxicity (histopathological and clinical) observed in males at the highest doses (168 mg/kg-day), the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral exposure of rats to chloral hydrate for 90 days is considered to be 96 mg/kg-day (600 mg/L). C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.3109/01480549209014152 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JM276 UT WOS:A1992JM27600003 PM 1425361 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CLAXTON, LD AF CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CLAXTON, LD TI ROLE OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA AND MICROFLORA IN THE BIOACTIVATION OF DIETARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS OR CARCINOGENS SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; COLON CANCER CONNECTION; N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; CELL-FREE-EXTRACTS; HUMAN FECAL FLORA; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RP CHADWICK, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ENVIRONM RES CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 268 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 425 EP 492 DI 10.3109/03602539208996302 PG 68 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JZ364 UT WOS:A1992JZ36400002 PM 1289035 ER PT J AU DICARLO, FJ ADAMS, JD ADAMS, N AF DICARLO, FJ ADAMS, JD ADAMS, N TI SHERWIN,CARL,PAXSON, AMERICAN PIONEER IN DRUG-METABOLISM SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review C1 US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP DICARLO, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REV TS-796,OFF TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 493 EP 530 PG 38 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JZ364 UT WOS:A1992JZ36400003 PM 1289036 ER PT J AU HOU, ML BAUGHMAN, GL AF HOU, ML BAUGHMAN, GL TI PREDICTING THE PRECIPITATION OF ACID AND DIRECT DYES IN NATURAL-WATERS SO DYES AND PIGMENTS LA English DT Article AB A simple screening test was used to determine whether acid and direct dyes precipitate at calcium concentrations typical of hard waters in the Southeastern Piedmont region of the United States. Of 52 dyes tested, only three direct dyes (Direct Black 19, Direct Black 22, and Direct Blue 75) and seven acid dyes (Acid Red 88, Acid Red 114, Acid Red 151, Acid Brown 14, Acid Black 24, Acid Orange 8, and Acid Blue 113) precipitated. Structures of all but three of the dyes, or ligands in the case of complexes, are in the literature. Conditional solubility-product constants (K(sp)) of calcium salts were also determined by titrimetric and batch-equilibration methods for five of the dyes (Acid Red 114, Acid Red 151, Acid Orange 8, Acid Blue 113, and Direct Yellow 28). The K(sp) values range from 3 x 10(-10) to 1.0 x 10(-7) M2 and from 6 x 10(-15) to 1 x 10(-9) M3 for salts of divalent and monovalent dyes, respectively. Monitoring data show that maximum calcium concentrations in Southeastern Piedmont waters are approximately 2 x 10(-3) M and thus unlikely to precipitate most dyes of the types represented. However, it is not known whether these conclusions are valid for newer dyes that have structures not reported in the open literature. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT TEXT MERCHANDISING & INTERIORS,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-7208 J9 DYES PIGMENTS JI Dyes Pigment. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0143-7208(92)80004-7 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA HJ716 UT WOS:A1992HJ71600004 ER PT J AU BERMAN, E WEIL, C PHILLIPS, PA CARTER, HB HOUSE, DE AF BERMAN, E WEIL, C PHILLIPS, PA CARTER, HB HOUSE, DE TI FETAL AND MATERNAL EFFECTS OF CONTINUAL EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 970-MHZ CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED MICROWAVES SO ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; IRRADIATION; MOUSE; INUTERO; MICE AB Virtually continual exposure to 970-MHz microwaves in circularly-polarized waveguides was used to elicit fetal responses in Sprague-Dawley rats during gestation. A total of 250 rats were exposed to microwave radiation at whole-body averaged specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.07, 2.4, or 4.8 W/kg or concurrently sham-irradiated for 22 h/day from the 1st through the 19th day of gestation. Prior to irradiation or sham irradiation, the rats were acclimated to cages in the waveguide system for 10 days and then bred. The rats were killed on the 20th day of gestation, and their fetuses counted and weighed, the fetal sternebrae ossifications counted, and the number of corpora lutea of the pregnancy determined. There were no alterations in pregnancy rates, fetal numbers (live, dead, resorbed, or total conceptuses), fetal weights, fetal skeletal maturation, or preimplantation losses after exposure at SARs of 0.07 or 2.4 W/kg. At SAR of 4.8 W/kg, only fetal body weight was significantly altered (-12%, p = 0.012). Two of twelve rats died during the exposure at SAR of 4.8 W/kg. Bred, but non-pregnant, rats that were exposed at SAR of 4.8 W/kg had significantly lower body weight gain than sham-irradiated rats; similar lower gain is assumed to have occurred in the pregnant rats exposed at SAR of 4.8 W/kg, and whose fetuses were significantly smaller. We conclude that continual gestational exposure at SAR of 4.8 (but not 2.4 or lower) W/kg induces fetal alterations. Apparently, deleterious maternal effects are associated with these fetal changes. Although colonic temperature was not measured in these rats, it is expected that exposure at 4.8 W/kg was hyperthermal. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,DIV RES SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BERMAN, E (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1061-9526 J9 ELECTRO MAGNETOBIOL JI Electro Magnetobiol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.3109/15368379209012851 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA JM044 UT WOS:A1992JM04400005 ER PT J AU REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH AF REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH TI DOES VENTILATION REALLY CONTROL TOBACCO-SMOKE IN OFFICES SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter RP REPACE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU537 UT WOS:A1992HU53700011 ER PT J AU REPACE, JL AF REPACE, JL TI IS THE DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE BETWEEN TOBACCO-SMOKE EXPOSURE AND LUNG-CANCER LINEAR FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE SMOKING SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter RP REPACE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(92)90075-F PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JA052 UT WOS:A1992JA05200014 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM ABUSHAKRA, A GUPTA, R HENDEE, LJ LEVINE, JG AF DEMARINI, DM ABUSHAKRA, A GUPTA, R HENDEE, LJ LEVINE, JG TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONS INDUCED BY THE INTERCALATING AGENT ELLIPTICINE AT THE HISD3052 ALLELE OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TA98 SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE PCR; MUTATION SPECTRUM; MUTATIONAL MECHANISMS; DNA SEQUENCING ID TESTER STRAIN TA102; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; TOPOISOMERASE-II; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUTAGENIC RESPONSES; ANTITUMOR DRUGS; DNA; BINDING; INDUCTION; ASSAY AB We have used DNA colony hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and direct DNA sequencing to determine the mutations induced by the intercalating agent ellipticine in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9. Of 400 ellipticine-induced revertants that were selected at a mutant yield that was ninefold over the background, 85.5% contained a GC or CG deletion within a common CGCGCGCG hotspot; this deletion occurred among 47% of the spontaneous revertants. In addition to this hotspot, the ellipticine spectrum contained two deletion warmspots that reside opposite each other in looped-out regions of a possible DNA secondary structure. Ellipticine and its metabolites likely revert Salmonella strain TA98 by forming DNA adducts that promote slippage-mismatches and by stabilizing these slipped mismatched sequences via intercalation. The involvement of these mechanisms, along with a likely role for DNA secondary structures and a possible role for DNA gyrase, may account for the site specificity exhibited by ellipticine in strain TA98. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORMAL,IL 61761. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,DURHAM,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 57 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1002/em.2850200104 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JE637 UT WOS:A1992JE63700003 PM 1639078 ER PT J AU HOUK, VS GOTO, S ENDO, O CLAXTON, LD LEWTAS, J MATSUSHITA, H AF HOUK, VS GOTO, S ENDO, O CLAXTON, LD LEWTAS, J MATSUSHITA, H TI DETECTION OF DIRECT-ACTING MUTAGENS IN AMBIENT AIR - A COMPARISON OF 2 HIGHLY SENSITIVE MUTAGENICITY ASSAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE SPIRAL SALMONELLA ASSAY; PREINCUBATION ASSAY; AMES TEST; COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; YG TESTER STRAINS ID NEW-YORK-CITY; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; LUNG-CANCER; INDUSTRIAL; SALMONELLA; COMBUSTION; CARCINOGENICITY; NITROARENES AB Ambient air has been shown to contain numerous hazardous pollutants, many of which are known or suspected carcinogens and mutagens. Bioassays play a prominent role in the characterization of these genotoxic pollutants, and as new test methods are developed, it is incumbent upon researchers to evaluate assay performance and report relative merits. In this study, two Salmonella test methods (the spiral and preincubation assays) were assessed to determine their usefulness as screening methods for monitoring direct-acting mutagens in ambient air. The spiral assay automates the conventional plate-incorporation assay and has been shown to reduce the labor, materials, and sample mass required to perform mutagenicity testing. The preincubation assay has been shown to enhance test sensitivity for certain classes of compound, thereby reducing the amount of sample required for dose-response analysis. Both assays were used to test organic extracts of airborne particulate matter collected in Tokyo during the winters of 1988 and 1990. In addition to the conventional tester strains TA98 and TA100, two newly developed YG strains were evaluated. Strains YG1024 and YG1029-derived from TA98 and TA1OO, respectively-contain an acetyltransferase plasmid that confers upon the strains greater sensitivity towards nitroarenes. Results from this study indicated that both assays were able to detect direct-acting mutagens in the Tokyo air samples. The mutagenic activity associated with the samples was directly related to the particle mass present in a given volume of air. Mutagenic response was greater in the spiral assay relative to the preincubation assay, especially when YG tester strains were used. The YG strains were significantly more sensitive to mutation than the TA strains in both assays, which suggests that nitroaromatics are an important class of genotoxic contaminant present in Tokyo air. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,MINATO KU,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP HOUK, VS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1002/em.2850200105 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JE637 UT WOS:A1992JE63700004 PM 1639079 ER PT J AU CHANG, LW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB AF CHANG, LW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB TI ANALYSIS OF DNA STRAND BREAKS INDUCED IN RODENT LIVER INVIVO, HEPATOCYTES IN PRIMARY CULTURE, AND A HUMAN CELL-LINE BY CHLORINATED ACETIC-ACIDS AND CHLORINATED ACETALDEHYDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE GENOTOXINS IN DRINKING WATER; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DNA DAMAGE; CHLOROACETIC ACIDS CHLOROACETALDEHYDES; CHLORAL HYDRATE; CCRF-CEM CELLS; RODENT LIVER; HEPATOCYTES ID CHLORAL HYDRATE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; MOUSE; MUTAGENICITY; RAT; INDUCTION; DAMAGE AB An alkaline unwinding assay was used to quantitate the induction of DNA strand breaks (DNA SB) in the livers of rats and mice treated in vivo, in rodent hepatocytes in primary culture, and in CCRF-CEM cells, a human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, following treatment with tri- (TCA), di- (DCA), and mono- (MCA) chloroacetic acid and their corresponding aldehydes, tri- (chloral hydrate, CH), di- (DCAA) and mono- (CAA) chloroacetaldehyde. None of the chloroacetic acids induced DNA SB in the livers of rats at 4 hr following a single administration of 1-10 mmole/kg. TCA (10 mmole/kg) and DCA (5 and 10 mmole/kg) did produce a small amount of strand breakage in mice (7% at 4 hr) but not at 1 hr. N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), an established alkylating agent and a rodent hepatocarcinogen, produced DNA SB in the livers of both species. TCA, DCA, and MCA also failed to induce DNA strand breaks in splenocytes and epithelial cells derived from the stomach and duodenum of mice treated in vivo. None of the three chloroacetaldehydes induced DNA SB in either mouse or rat liver. The continuous exposure of mice to 5 g/L DCA in the drinking water for 7 and 14 days did not induce appreciable hepatic DNA SB (< 10% at 14 days), although peroxisome proliferation, as evidenced by an increased cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidase (PCO) activity, was stimulated to 490% (7 days) and 652% (14 days) of control. Under this protocol, DENA (0.1 g/L) produced DNA damage after both 7 days (73% of control) and 14 days (57% of control). Similarly, long-term exposure of rats (30 weeks) to 2 g/L DCA in the drinking water, a level that increased PCO activity to 364% of the control value, exhibited no DNA damage. Both the chloroacetic acids and the chloroacetaldehydes were ineffective in inducing DNA SB in cultured rat and mouse hepatocytes at concentrations below those that yielded cytotoxicity. The chloroacetic acids were also ineffective in the CCRF-CEM cells. However, two of the chloroaldehydes, DCAA and CAA, did induce DNA SB in the CCRF-CEM cells at concentrations that did not decrease the cell viability after 2 hr of treatment. Prior incubation of DCAA and CAA with a rat S9 liver homogenate eliminated much of the DNA damaging activity. These studies provide further evidence that the chloroacetic acids lack genotoxic activity not only in rodent liver, a tissue in that they induce tumors, but in a variety of other roden tissues and cultured cell types. Two of the chloroacetaldehydes, DCAA and CAA, are direct acting DNA damaging agents in CCRF-CEM cells, but not in liver or splenocytes in vivo or in cultured hepatocytes. CH showed no activity in any system investigated. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 58 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1002/em.2850200406 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KA020 UT WOS:A1992KA02000005 PM 1330547 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM BROOKS, HG AF DEMARINI, DM BROOKS, HG TI INDUCTION OF PROPHAGE-LAMBDA BY CHLORINATED ORGANICS - DETECTION OF SOME SINGLE-SPECIES SINGLE-SITE CARCINOGENS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE MICROSCREEN ASSAY; PROPHAGE INDUCTION; DNA DAMAGE; SOS REPAIR ID SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; REDUCTIVE METABOLISM; SOS CHROMOTEST; DNA DAMAGE; ASSAY; CHEMICALS; AGENTS; PESTICIDES; MUTATION; TOXICITY AB Twenty-eight chlorinated organic compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce DNA damage using the Microscreen prophage-induction assay in Escherichia coli. Comparison of the performance characteristics of the prophage - induction and Salmonella assays to rodent carcinogenicity assays showed that the prophage-induction assay had a somewhat higher specificity than did the Salmonella assay (70% vs. 50%); sensitivity, concordance, and positive and negative predictivity were similar for the two microbial assays. The Microscreen prophage-induction assay failed to detect eight carcinogens, perhaps due to toxicity or other unknown factors; five of these eight carcinogens were detected by the Salmonella assay. However, the prophage-induction assay did detect six carcinogens that were not detected by the Salmonella assay, and five of these were single-species, single-site carcinogens, mostly mouse liver carcinogens. Some of these carcinogens, such as the chloroethanes, produce free radicals, which may be the basis for their carcinogenicity and ability to induce prophage. The prophage-induction (or other SOS) assay may be useful in identifying some genotoxic chlorinated carcinogens that induce DNA damage that does not revert the standard Salmonella tester strains. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 98 EP 111 DI 10.1002/em.2850190204 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HH531 UT WOS:A1992HH53100003 PM 1531793 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD BRYANT, MF DOERR, CL HALPERIN, EC KWANYEN, P SONTAG, MR EREXSON, GL AF KLIGERMAN, AD BRYANT, MF DOERR, CL HALPERIN, EC KWANYEN, P SONTAG, MR EREXSON, GL TI INTERSPECIES CYTOGENETIC COMPARISONS - STUDIES WITH X-RADIATION AND BLEOMYCIN SULFATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE BLOOD; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES; RAT; MOUSE; HUMAN ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; INDUCED CHROMOSOME-DAMAGE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GAMMA-RADIATION; TUMOR-CELLS; DNA DAMAGE; MOUSE; INVIVO AB A series of in vitro experiments were conducted to determine if there are innate differences in the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from different mammalian species to clastogens. Mouse, rat, and human whole blood samples were exposed to either 0, 0.38, 0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 Gy x-radiation or 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80-mu-g/ml bleomycin for 4 hr. Bromodeoxyuridine-containing cultures were initiated and the PBLs stimulated to divide with phytohemagglutinin. All cultures were harvested following a 3-hr colcemid treatment. Slides were made and differentially stained, and first-division metaphases were scored for chromosome aberrations. In the x-radiation studies human PBLs were significantly more sensitive than mouse PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs as measured by either the total percent aberrant cells or the number af dicentrics. Data from all three species could be fitted to a linear-quadratic model. Results with bleomycin suggest that the mouse and human PBLs are equally sensitive to the clastogenic effects of bleomycin. Both appeared to be more sensitive than the rat PBLs, but the variation between experiments was such that the results among species were not significantly different. These results indicate that there may be inherent differences in sensitivity among PBLs of mammalian species; however, more studies are needed to determine if the differences presented here hold for other agents. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1002/em.2850190308 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HQ093 UT WOS:A1992HQ09300007 PM 1374025 ER PT J AU LAI, DY AF LAI, DY TI PERSPECTIVE ON ALTERNATIVE CARCINOGENICITY TESTING DESIGN - POSSIBLE USE OF REDUCED PROTOCOLS, MECHANISTIC DATA AND PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PROLIFERATION RP LAI, DY (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1059-0501 J9 ENVIRON CARCIN ECO R JI Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxical. Rev.-Pt. C J. Env. Sci. Health PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 121 EP 140 PG 20 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JZ001 UT WOS:A1992JZ00100003 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK HOKE, RA AF ANKLEY, GT SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK HOKE, RA TI USE OF TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY DREDGED MATERIAL DISPOSAL OPTIONS - A PROPOSED APPROACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DREDGED SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; DISPOSAL OPTIONS; TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION ID SEDIMENT; RIVER AB It is common to use the results of various solid-phase and aqueous-fraction toxicity tests as part of the decision-making process for selecting disposal options for dredged sediments. The mere presence of toxicity, however, does not provide a logical basis for selecting economical, environmentally protective disposal techniques. To achieve this, it is necessary to be able to identify specific compounds responsible for sediment toxicity. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures, originally developed for complex effluents, represent a useful approach for identifying acutely toxic compounds in dredged materials. Herein we present a conceptual overview for TIE use in part of the decision-making framework for selecting dredged material disposal options; included are discussions concerning appropriate test fractions and species for TIE analyses, and specific TIE manipulations useful for ascertaining whether toxicity is due to any of a number ot common sediment contaminants including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, metals, or nonpolar organics. C1 ASCL CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/BF02393904 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GY818 UT WOS:A1992GY81800001 ER PT J AU KENTULA, ME SIFNEOS, JC GOOD, JW RYLKO, M KUNZ, K AF KENTULA, ME SIFNEOS, JC GOOD, JW RYLKO, M KUNZ, K TI TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN SECTION 404 PERMITTING REQUIRING COMPENSATORY MITIGATION IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WETLANDS; CLEAN WATER ACT; MITIGATION; WETLAND CREATION; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; WASHINGTON; OREGON ID HABITAT CONSERVATION EFFORTS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHEAST REGION AB The effects of permitting decisions made under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act for which compensatory mitigation was required were examined. Information was compiled on permits issued in Oregon (January 1977-January 1987) and Washington (1980-1986). Data on the type of project permitted, wetland impacted, and mitigation project were collected and analyzed. The records of the Portland and Seattle District Offices of the US Army Corps of Engineers and of Environmental Protection Agency Region X were the primary sources of information. The 58 permits issued during the years of concern in Oregon document impacts to 82 wetlands and the creation of 80. The total area of wetland impacted was 74 ha while 42 ha were created, resulting in a net loss of 32 ha or 43%. The 35 permits issued in Washington document impacts to 72 wetlands and the creation of 52. The total area of wetland impacted was 61 ha while 45 ha were created, resulting in a net loss of 16 ha or 26%. In both states, the number of permits requiring compensation increased with time. The area of the impacted and created wetlands tended to be less-than-or-equal-to 0.40 ha. Permitted activity occurred primarily west of the Cascade Mountains and in the vicinity of urban centers. Estuarine and palustrine wetlands were impacted and created most frequently, The wetland types created most often were not always the same as those impacted; therefore, local gains and losses of certain types occurred. In both states the greatest net loss in area was in freshwater marshes. This study illustrates how Section 404 permit data might be used in managing a regional wetland resource. However, because the data readily available were either incomplete or of poor quality, the process of gathering information was very labor intensive. Since similar analyses would be useful to resource managers and scientists from other areas, development of an up-to-date standardized data base is recommended. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,SEATTLE,WA 98101. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,ENVIRONM RESOURCES SECT BRANCH,SEATTLE,WA 98504. RP KENTULA, ME (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 13 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF02393913 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GY818 UT WOS:A1992GY81800010 ER PT J AU WIGINGTON, PJ DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M ESHLEMAN, KN AF WIGINGTON, PJ DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M ESHLEMAN, KN TI COMPARISON OF EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION IN CANADA, EUROPE AND THE UNITED-STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ONTARIO; NOVA-SCOTIA; SPRING SNOWMELT; NEW-YORK; STREAMS; CHEMISTRY; LAKES; DEPOSITION; WATER AB Episodic acidification is practically a ubiquitous process in streams and drainage lakes in Canada, Europe and the United States. Depressions of pH are often smaller in systems with low pre-episode pH levels. Studies on European surface waters have reported episodes most frequently with minimum pH levels below 4.5. In Canada and the United States, studies have also reported a number of systems that have had minimum pH levels below 4.5. In all areas, change in water flowpath during hydrological events is a major determinant of episode characteristics. Episodic acidification is also controlled by a combination of other natural and anthropogenic factors. Base cation decreases are an important contributor to episodes in circumneutral streams and lakes. Sulphate pulses are generally important contributors to episodic acidification in Europe and Canada. Nitrate pulses are generally more important to episodic acidification in the Northeast United States. Increases in organic acids contribute to episodes in some streams in all areas. The sea-salt effect is important in near-coastal streams and lakes. In Canada, Europe and the United States, acidic deposition has increased the severity (minimum pH reached) of episodes in some streams and lakes. C1 UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. RP WIGINGTON, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 49 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 78 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90006-V PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG107 UT WOS:A1992JG10700005 PM 15091924 ER PT J AU KAUFMANN, PR HERLIHY, AT BAKER, LA AF KAUFMANN, PR HERLIHY, AT BAKER, LA TI SOURCES OF ACIDITY IN LAKES AND STREAMS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION : ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH ID ACIDIFICATION; WATERS; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT; RAIN; SOIL AB Acidic (acid neutralizing capacity [ANC] less-than-or-equal-to 0) surface waters in the United States sampled in the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) were classified into three groups according to their probable sources of acidity: (1) organic-dominated waters (organic anions >SO4* + NO3-); (2) watershed sulphate-dominated waters (watershed sulphate sources > deposition sulphate sources); and (3) deposition-dominated waters (anion chemistry dominated by inputs of sulphate and nitrate derived from deposition). The classification approach is highly robust; therefore, it is a useful tool in segregating surface waters into chemical categories. An estimated 75% (881) of acidic lakes and 47% (2190) of acidic streams are dominated by acid anions from deposition and are probably acidic due to acidic deposition. In about a quarter of the acidic lakes and streams, organic acids were the dominant source of acidity. In the remaining 26% of the acidic streams. watershed sources of sulphate, mainly from acid mine drainage, were the dominant source of acidity. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP KAUFMANN, PR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90067-K PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB645 UT WOS:A1992JB64500004 PM 15091949 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, TJ TURNER, RS CHARLES, DF CUMMING, BF SMOL, JP SCHOFIELD, CL DRISCOLL, CT COSBY, BJ BIRKS, HJB UUTALA, AJ KINGSTON, JC DIXIT, SS BERNERT, JA RYAN, PF MARMOREK, DR AF SULLIVAN, TJ TURNER, RS CHARLES, DF CUMMING, BF SMOL, JP SCHOFIELD, CL DRISCOLL, CT COSBY, BJ BIRKS, HJB UUTALA, AJ KINGSTON, JC DIXIT, SS BERNERT, JA RYAN, PF MARMOREK, DR TI USE OF HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT FOR EVALUATION OF PROCESS-BASED MODEL PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE - LAKE ACIDIFICATION IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, NEW-YORK, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION : ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH ID STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; WATER ACIDIFICATION; SURFACE WATERS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SOIL; DEPOSITION; CATCHMENT; BIRKENES; NORWAY; ILWAS AB Because of the considerable uncertainties associated with modeling complex ecosystem processes, it is essential that every effort be made to test model performance prior to relying on model projections for assessment of future surface water chemical response to environmental perturbation. Unfortunately, long-term chemical data with which to validate model performance are seldom available. The authors present here an evaluation of historical acidification of lake waters in the northeastern United States, and compare historical changes in a set of lakes to hindcasts from the same watershed model (MAGIC) used to estimate future changes in response to acidic deposition. The historical analyses and comparisons with MAGIC model hindcasts and forecasts of acid-base response demonstrate that the acidic and low-ANC lakes in this region are responsive to strong acid inputs. However, the model estimates suggest lakewater chemistry is more responsive to atmospheric inputs of sulfur than do the estimates based on paleolimnological historical analyses. A 'weight-of-evidence approach' that incorporates all available sources of information regarding acid base response provides a more reasonable estimate of future change than an approach based on model projections alone. The results of these analyses have important implications for predicting future surface water chemical change in response to acidic deposition, establishing critical loads of atmospheric pollutants, and other environmental assessment activities where natural variation often exceeds the trends under investigation (high noise-to-signal ratio). Under these conditions, it is particularly important to evaluate future model projections in light of historical trends data. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,INDIANA UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. DUKE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM SCI,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV BERGEN,INST BOT,N-5007 BERGEN,NORWAY. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. ENVIRONM & SOCIAL SYST ANALYSTS,VANCOUVER V6J 5C6,BC,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SULLIVAN, TJ (reprint author), E&S ENVIRONM CHEM INC,POB 609,CORVALLIS,OR 97339, USA. RI Birks, H John B/C-3103-2008; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Smol, John/A-8838-2015; Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; OI Birks, H John B/0000-0002-5891-9859; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90084-N PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB645 UT WOS:A1992JB64500021 PM 15091966 ER PT J AU ESHLEMAN, KN WIGINGTON, PJ DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M AF ESHLEMAN, KN WIGINGTON, PJ DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M TI MODELING EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS - THE STATE OF SCIENCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION : ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; ADIRONDACK LAKES; ACID DEPOSITION; HARP LAKE; SNOWMELT; CATCHMENT; SULFATE; FOREST; BASIN; ALKALINITY AB Field studies of chemical changes in surface waters associated with rainfall and snowmelt events have provided evidence of episodic acidification of lakes and streams in Europe and North America. Modelling these chemical changes is particularly challenging because of the variability associated with hydrological transport and chemical transformation processes in catchments. This paper provides a review of mathematical models that have been applied to the problem of episodic acidification. Several empirical approaches, including regression models, mixing models and time series models, support a strong hydrological interpretation of episodic acidification. Regional application of several models has suggested that acidic episodes (in which the acid neutralizing capacity becomes negative) are relatively common in surface waters in several regions of the US that receive acid deposition. Results from physically based models have suggested a lack of understanding of hydrological flowpaths, hydraulic residence times and biogeochemical reactions, particularly those involving aluminum. The ability to better predict episodic chemical responses of surface waters is thus dependent upon elucidation of these and other physical and chemical processes. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RP ESHLEMAN, KN (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90088-R PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB645 UT WOS:A1992JB64500025 PM 15091970 ER PT J AU EDGERTON, ES LAVERY, TF BOKSLEITNER, RP AF EDGERTON, ES LAVERY, TF BOKSLEITNER, RP TI PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE USEPA DRY DEPOSITION NETWORK - 1989 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP SESSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH ID NORTH-AMERICA; NITRIC-ACID; AMBIENT AIR; SULFUR; PARAMETERIZATION; NITRATE AB The objective of the National Dry Deposition Network is to determine patterns and trends of dry deposition for various sulfur and nitrogen species at roughly 50 locations throughout the continental USA. Each site is equipped for collection of continuous meteorological and ozone data and weekly average concentrations of SO4(2-), NO3-, SO2 and HNO3, using a three-stage filter pack. Results from 40 eastern US sites operational throughout 1989 show species-dependent variability from site to site, season to season, and day to night. Annual average concentrations of atmospheric SO4(2-), NO3-, SO2 and HNO3 ranged from 2.7 to 7.9, 0.2 to 3.9, 2.4 to 23.2 and 0.7 to 3.6-mu-g/m-3, respectively. Seasonal variability was considerable for all constituents. Day/night data indicate that SO2 and HNO3, but not SO4(2-) and NO3-, are typically found at moderately to substantially lower concentrations at night, especially during spring and summer. Estimated dry deposition for SO2 and HNO3 appear to be much greater than for SO4(2-) and NO3-, respectively. Comparison of measured wet deposition and estimated dry deposition at numerous sites suggests that the two are similar in magnitude over much of the eastern USA. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP EDGERTON, ES (reprint author), ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN INC,POB 1607,GAINESVILLE,FL 32602, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90034-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV273 UT WOS:A1992GV27300006 PM 15092028 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP VANBROEKHUIZEN, HJ AF TURNER, DP VANBROEKHUIZEN, HJ TI NUTRIENT LEACHING FROM CONIFER NEEDLES IN RELATION TO FOLIAR APOPLAST CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ABIES L KARST; ACIDIC RAINDROPS; PLANT CUTICLES; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-AREA; FOREST; SPRUCE; LEAVES; OZONE; MIST AB Limited evidence to date suggests that acidic precipitation promotes leaching of nutrient cations from conifer foliage. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of the apoplast cation exchange complex and symplast nutrient pools to the leached ions, the magnitude of foliar leaching in response to acidic solutions was compared to foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity (CEC) for two conifer tree species (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea engelmanii). Leaching potential was determined by immersing detached needles in acidic solutions (pH 5.6, 3.1, 2.1) over a range of time intervals (1, 4, 8, 24 h) and foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity was determined by potentiometric titration. Leaching increased with decreasing pH and increasing time of immersion. At pH values 2.1 and 3.1, equivalents of H+ depleted from the acidic solutions approximated equivalents of base cations gained by the solutions. Maximum amounts leached were less than 40-mu-eq g-1 dry weight of needles for the combination of calcium, magnesium and potassium. Measured foliar apoplast CEC for these species was approximately 120-mu-eq g-1 dry weight of needles. These relative magnitudes indicate that the apoplast rather than the symplast provided the leached ions. Because the apoplast foliar cation exchange capacity appears to be large relative to the rates of H+ diffusion across the cuticle, it may help to insulate the symplast nutrient reservoir from exposure to the H+ of acidic solutions bathing the foliage. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90124-S PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GX076 UT WOS:A1992GX07600001 PM 15092012 ER PT J AU DITORO, DM MAHONY, JD HANSEN, DJ SCOTT, KJ CARLSON, AR ANKLEY, GT AF DITORO, DM MAHONY, JD HANSEN, DJ SCOTT, KJ CARLSON, AR ANKLEY, GT TI ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE PREDICTS THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF CADMIUM AND NICKEL IN SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR AB Laboratory toxicity tests using amphipods, oligochaetes, and snails with spiked freshwater and marine sediments and with contaminated sediments collected from an EPA Superfund site demonstrate that no significant mortality occurs relative to controls if the molar concentration of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediment is greater than the molar concentration of simultaneously extracted cadmium and/or nickel. Although it is well-known that these metals can form insoluble sulfides, it apparently has not been realized that AVS is a reactive pool of solid-phase sulfide that is available to bind metals and render that portion unavailable and nontoxic to biota. Thus, the AVS concentration of a sediment establishes the boundary below which these metals cease to exhibit an acute toxicity in freshwater and marine sediments. C1 MANHATTAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,BRONX,NY 10471. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP DITORO, DM (reprint author), MANHATTAN COLL,ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM,BRONX,NY 10471, USA. NR 28 TC 407 Z9 428 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1021/es00025a009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GY590 UT WOS:A1992GY59000017 ER PT J AU CREED, J MARTIN, T LOBRING, L ODELL, J AF CREED, J MARTIN, T LOBRING, L ODELL, J TI MINIMIZING CHLORIDE INTERFERENCES PRODUCED BY COMBINATION ACID DIGESTION USING PALLADIUM AND HYDROGEN AS A MATRIX MODIFIER IN GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM-NITRATE MODIFIER; ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; LEAD; SELENIUM; THALLIUM; CADMIUM; MECHANISMS; ANTIMONY AB The use of Pd/Mg(NO3)2 and 5% H-2 as a modifier is evaluated as a method of reducing the chloride interferences produced by a mixed-acid digestion. The presence of 10-mu-L of 2% HCl produces suppressions which range from 15 to 90% for As, Sn, Pb, Cd, and Tl with the use of Pd/Mg(NO3)2 as the modifier. The use of Pd/Mg(NO3)2 along with 5% H-2 (during the dry and the char) reduces the suppression to less than 5% for Pb, Cd, and Tl. The use of Pd and 5% hydrogen as the matrix modifier for tin reduces the suppression caused by the HCl to less than 5%. In addition, if the 5% H-2 gas mixture is not adequately purged from the furnace prior to atomization, the selenium response is reduced by 18%. RP CREED, J (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1021/es00025a010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GY590 UT WOS:A1992GY59000018 ER PT J AU HEINIS, LJ KNUTH, ML AF HEINIS, LJ KNUTH, ML TI THE MIXING, DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE OF ESFENVALERATE WITHIN LITTORAL ENCLOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 10TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF ENVIRONMENT TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY : AQUATIC MESOCOSMS IN ECOTOXICOLOGY CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 1989 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICITY & CHEM DE ESFENVALERATE; DISTRIBUTION; PERSISTENCE; LITTORAL ENCLOSURES ID FENVALERATE SUMICIDIN; AQUEOUS SYSTEMS; PERMETHRIN; ADSORPTION; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; DISSIPATION; DESORPTION; ESTUARINE; TOXICITY AB The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate was applied to the surface of 18 littoral enclosures (5 x 10 m) in a 2-ha pond near Duluth, Minnesota. The insecticide was applied as Asana(R) 1.9 emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at five nominal concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 5.0-mu-g/L active ingredient. Two applications were made 30 d apart. Samples of water, sediment, macrophytes, enclosure wall material, and fish were collected and analyzed for esfenvalerate residue. Maximum water concentrations occurred 1 to 3 h after application and rapidly decreased during the next 24 h. At 5.0-mu-g/L, 90% of the active ingredient was lost from the water column within 24 h and was below the detection limit (0.047-mu-g/L) within 4 d. A vertical concentration gradient was observed following application, with 95% of the measured esfenvalerate contained in the upper 75% of the enclosure water column 24 h after application. All other components of the pond ecosystem contained measurable amounts of esfenvalerate. Water and sediment, and, to a lesser extent, aquatic vegetation and macrophytes, were important reservoirs for esfenvalerate. Cumulative sorption of esfenvalerate to sediment and enclosure wall material was observed after two successive applications to littoral enclosures. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP HEINIS, LJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[11:TMDAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GX263 UT WOS:A1992GX26300003 ER PT J AU LOZANO, SJ OHALLORAN, SL SARGENT, KW BRAZNER, JC AF LOZANO, SJ OHALLORAN, SL SARGENT, KW BRAZNER, JC TI EFFECTS OF ESFENVALERATE ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN LITTORAL ENCLOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 10TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF ENVIRONMENT TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY : AQUATIC MESOCOSMS IN ECOTOXICOLOGY CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 1989 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICITY & CHEM DE ESFENVALERATE; FISH; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; LITTORAL ENCLOSURES; TOXICITY ID PLANKTON COMMUNITIES; FENVALERATE; TOXICITY; PERMETHRIN; CLADOCERA; WATER; BIOCONCENTRATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS AB The effects of esfenvalerate [(S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] on plant and animal communities were observed in 12 littoral enclosures (5 x 10 m) in a 2-ha pond near Duluth, Minnesota, at six concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.08, 0.2, 1, and 5-mu-g/L, nominal) for eight weeks. Esfenvalerate exposures of 1 and 5-mu-g/L resulted in drastic reductions or elimination of most crustaceans, chironomids, juvenile bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and larval cyprinids. Abundance of some copepod and insect genera declined at esfenvalerate concentrations of 0.08 to 0.2-mu-g/L, and these effects were apparent up to 53 d. Some invertebrate communities were able to recover by day 25 in enclosures containing concentrations of less-than-or-equal-to 0.2-mu-g/L esfenvalerate. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55805. RP LOZANO, SJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPERIOR ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[35:EOEOAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GX263 UT WOS:A1992GX26300005 ER PT J AU MARCHINI, S TOSATO, ML NORBERGKING, TJ AF MARCHINI, S TOSATO, ML NORBERGKING, TJ TI LETHAL AND SUBLETHAL TOXICITY OF BENZENE-DERIVATIVES TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW, USING A SHORT-TERM TEST SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MONOSUBSTITUTED BENZENES; 7-D TEST; ELS TEST; LETHAL (SUBLETHAL) TOXICITY; FATHEAD MINNOW ID EARLY LIFE STAGES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; FISH AB The lethal and sublethal effects of six monosubstituted derivatives of benzene (MBs) were measured by using the 7-d test with fathead minnow larvae. The LC50s for larvae were compared to those derived from the acute test. The larvae were more sensitive than juvenile fish, yet the toxicity order of MBs was the same for both life stages, that is, butylphenylether > benzophenone > toluene = benzene > nitrobenzene > aniline. The slopes of the concentration-mortality curves indicate a peculiar behavior for aniline. The no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) and the lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) for survival and growth, obtained from hypothesis test statistics, are reported together with the inhibition concentrations (ICs) for growth and biomass, calculated with a point estimation technique. The performance of the two different statistical approaches in providing adequate data for toxicity assessment is evaluated. Growth was a more or equally sensitive end point than survival, and for three chemicals biomass was more sensitive than growth. The results of the 7-d test are compared with those of the early life stage (ELS) test. The short-term test gave the same estimates of chronic toxicity as the ELS test for benzophenone, toluene, and benzene. The toxicity of aniline was underestimated, especially with respect to growth effects. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP MARCHINI, S (reprint author), IST SUPER SANITA,DEPT COMPARAT TOXICOL & ECOTOXICOL,VIALE REGINA ELENA 299,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[187:LASTOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400008 ER PT J AU DEWITT, TH OZRETICH, RJ SWARTZ, RC LAMBERSON, JO SCHULTS, DW DITSWORTH, GR JONES, JKP HOSELTON, L SMITH, LM AF DEWITT, TH OZRETICH, RJ SWARTZ, RC LAMBERSON, JO SCHULTS, DW DITSWORTH, GR JONES, JKP HOSELTON, L SMITH, LM TI THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC-MATTER QUALITY ON THE TOXICITY AND PARTITIONING OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED FLUORANTHENE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; AMPHIPOD; PAH ID DISSOLVED HUMIC MATERIALS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; PLANT-MATERIAL; BIOAVAILABILITY; COEFFICIENTS; BINDING AB Organic matter in sediment is derived from many sources, including dead plants and animals, fecal matter, and flocculated colloidal organic matter. Chemical partitioning and toxicity of nonpolar organic contaminants is strongly affected by the quantity of sediment organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the quality of sediment organic matter affects partitioning and bioavailability of such contaminants. A base substrate, amended to a consistent organic carbon level (nominally 0.4%, measured 0.35% +/- 0.11 sD POC [particulate organic carbon]) with five types of organic matter (a macrophyte, fecal matter of two invertebrate species, suspended particulate organic matter, and an organic-rich mud), was spiked with serial concentrations of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, fluranthene. After a five-week equilibration period, the toxicity of the spiked substrates to an infaunal amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, was measured, and the distribution of fluoranthene between particulate and interstitial water phases (including total and freely dissolved interstitial water phases) was determined. The range of acute toxicity among organic matter-source treatments was small when based on total sediment concentrations (11.1-19.1 mg fluoranthene per kilogram dry sediment, nominal). Partitioning of fluoranthene between particulate-sorbed and interstitial water phases was not affected by organic matter quality, except when the source was fresh plant material. This variability may have been due to qualitative differences in the particulate/interstitial water partitioning in plant material as a source of sedimentary organic matter or an artifact in the method used to determined freely dissolved, interstitial water fluoranthene concentrations. Equilibrium partitioning models accurately predicted interstitial water concentrations of fluoranthene for the nonplant substrates once corrections were made for the solubility of fluoranthene in seawater. Our data suggest that equilibrium partitioning-based sediment quality criteria for fluoranthene may not need to correct for the quality of organic carbon in sediments and that these criteria can be applied to sediments with a particulate organic carbon content as low as 0.3%. C1 US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,NEWPORT,OR 97365. AMER SCI INT INC,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP DEWITT, TH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,2030 S MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[197:TIOOMQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400009 ER PT J AU AMATO, JR MOUNT, DI DURHAN, EJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT ANKLEY, GT ROBERT, ED AF AMATO, JR MOUNT, DI DURHAN, EJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT ANKLEY, GT ROBERT, ED TI AN EXAMPLE OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF DIAZINON AS A PRIMARY TOXICANT IN AN EFFLUENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIAZINON; EFFLUENT; TIE TRE; CERIODAPHNIA ID DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TOXICITY; FRACTIONATION; CHEMICALS AB A toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) conducted on a municipal wastewater discharge from the southeast United States was part of a research project aimed at developing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) TIE methods for acutely toxic effluents. The effluent consistently exhibited acute toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia but not to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Toxicity characterization procedures revealed that the primary toxicant was a nonpolar organic. Toxicity was recovered through C18 solid-phase extraction and concentration steps. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of these concentrates revealed the presence of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothioate). Diazinon concentrations in whole effluent, determined by GC analyses, correlated well with the toxicity measurements of each sample. Relative species sensitivity also implicated diazinon as the primary toxicant. This study illustrates the successful application of EPA TIE methodologies for identifying a nonpolar organic toxicant in a complex effluent. The significance of detecting diazinon at acutely toxic concentrations in municipal wastewater may indicate a more widespread problem in this region of the United States. This toxicity problem may be attributed to the chemical characteristics of diazinon and its applications. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP AMATO, JR (reprint author), ASCI CORP,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 23 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[209:AEOTIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400010 ER PT J AU HERMANUTZ, RO ALLEN, KN ROUSH, TH HEDTKE, SF AF HERMANUTZ, RO ALLEN, KN ROUSH, TH HEDTKE, SF TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS ON BLUEGILLS (LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS) IN OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FISH; TOXICITY; SELENIUM; STREAMS; BIOACCUMULATION ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; EXPERIMENTAL CHANNELS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WATERBORNE SELENIUM; FISH AB Replicated outdoor experimental streams were exposed to control water and 10 and 30-mu-g/L selenium (introduced as sodium selenite) to evaluate whether standard laboratory test results accurately predict the effects of selenium on fish in freshwater ecosystems and to evaluate effects found in field studies as reported in the literature. Effects on the survival, growth, and reproduction of bluegill sunfish and the early life stage of their progeny were the end points measured in a 356-d study. Adult bluegills exposed to 10-mu-g/L had survival reductions (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) during the final 98-d period, and those exposed to 30-mu-g/L experienced complete mortality. Adult growth was reduced at 10-mu-g/L during an intermediate period (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Exposures of adults at both 30 and 10-mu-g/L for 40 weeks before spawning resulted in reduced embryo and larval survival and produced larvae with a high incidence of edema, lordosis, and internal hemorrhaging (not all were statistically significant at p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). This study confirms that standard laboratory tests, which expose fish only through the water pathway, have underestimated the toxicity of selenium, and that 10-mu-g/L of selenium in the water of a natural ecosystem may adversely affect bluegills, as concluded by other investigators in several field studies. RP HERMANUTZ, RO (reprint author), US EPA,MONTICELLO ECOL RES STN,POB 500,MONTICELLO,MN 55362, USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[217:EOESCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400011 ER PT J AU SHIRAZI, MA RATSCH, HC PENISTON, BE AF SHIRAZI, MA RATSCH, HC PENISTON, BE TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELATIVE ERROR OF TOXICITY OF HERBICIDES AND METALS TO ARABIDOPSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS; RELATIVE TOXICITY ERROR; RELATIVE RESPONSE ID CHEMICALS; RISK AB Median toxicity end points such as FC50 and LC50 numbers are commonly reported in the literature for summarizing results of a whole test. A median number is frequently accompanied with a statement of error often derived from theoretical and idealized models. Toxicity end points other than EC50 are seldom reported, and the distribution of their error based on real data remains unexplored. More general toxicity estimates-for example, ECX, where X is any percent response-frequently are needed in environmental risk assessment. An analysis of distribution of the standard error (SE) of toxicity ECX for an array of chemicals tested with Arabidopsis shows that ECX errors cannot be extrapolated from EC50 errors. The analysis includes detailed chemical-by-chemical toxicity end points covering the full range of tested concentrations. A generalized relative error distribution is produced from the data, and its utility for research and environmental management is discussed. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[237:TDOREO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400013 ER PT J AU MENZIE, CA BURMASTER, DE FRESHMAN, JS CALLAHAN, CA AF MENZIE, CA BURMASTER, DE FRESHMAN, JS CALLAHAN, CA TI ASSESSMENT OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ECOLOGICAL RISK IN THE TERRESTRIAL COMPONENT - A CASE-STUDY AT THE BAIRD AND MCGUIRE SUPERFUND SITE IN HOLBROOK, MASSACHUSETTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONCENTRATION; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; TERRESTRIAL MODEL AB Predictive, bioassay, and field methods were compared with regard to assessing conditions and risks to terrestrial biota at a Superfund site contaminated with pesticides. Research indicated that predictive methods could result in large uncertainties, especially when attempting to estimate food chain transfer from soil to higher trophic levels (birds and mammals). Of the examined predictive methods, the soil-to-earthworm model yielded results that agreed best with field observations and literature values. Laboratory and in-field bioassays on soils provided good information on the potential toxicity of soils and the potential for bioaccumulation. In-field bioassay tests with earthworms were useful for defining the spatial distribution of toxic soils at the site as well as for indicating potential bioaccumulation in invertebrates. An attractive feature of in-field bioassays is that samples do not have to be removed from the field and assessments can begin to be made in the field. The importance of performing reality checks by conducting field studies was clearly demonstrated in our study with regard to the soil invertebrate community as well as birds and mammals. The main advantage of the field studies is that they provide direct information on conditions and thus aid in the interpretation or application of laboratory data. Difficulties were encountered in the conduct of population studies of the birds and mammals. Therefore, although site surveys of birds and mammals provide gross indications as to the presence and diversity of animals, it is probably more useful to rely on measures of residues and biomarkers to assess potential exposures and the possibility of subtle effects. Overall, it appears that ecological risk assessments at Superfund sites are best conducted by using a mix of predictive, laboratory, and field methods. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP MENZIE, CA (reprint author), MENZIE & ASSOCIATES,1 COURTHOUSE LANE,CHELMSFORD,MA 01824, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[245:AOMFEE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC014 UT WOS:A1992HC01400014 ER PT J AU PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL AF PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL TI REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN ANAEROBIC WATER SEDIMENT SYSTEMS - KINETICS, MECHANISMS AND PRODUCTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; REDUCTION; REDOX TRANSFORMATION; CHLOROPHENOLS; SEDIMENT ID DECHLORINATION; GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; BENZENES; FATE; SOIL AB The degradation of several classes of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in methanogenic sediment-water systems was examined in laboratory studies. Several transformation processes were shown to occur, leading to formation of a variety of products. In the study a clear distinction could be made between transformation processes taking place immediately upon incubation of the compounds and processes taking place after a characteristic period of varying length. gamma-Irradiation was used to quench biological reactions and thus assess the impact of those processes on the overall rates of degradation of the studied compounds. The kinetics of both the initial and the final processes were pseudo-first-order, with half-lives ranging from < 0.46 d to no detectable degradation for a number of multiply halogenated benzenes. Compounds were selected with the aim of obtaining a maximum variation in chemical reactivity and physical properties. The sediments were selected with the aim of assessing several environmental factors influencing the kinetics of reduction. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PEIJNENBURG, WJGM (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,ECOTOXICOL LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RI van de Meent, Dik/C-3982-2011; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; OI peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[289:RTOHAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900003 ER PT J AU PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL AF PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL TI QSARS FOR PREDICTING REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION RATE CONSTANTS OF HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN ANOXIC SEDIMENT SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; REDOX; TRANSFORMATION; FATE; QSAR; BIOTRANSFORMATION ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION AB Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are developed relating initial and final pseudo-first-order disappearance rate constants of 45 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic sediments to four readily available molecular descriptors: the carbon-halogen bond strength, the summation of the Hammett sigma constants of the additional substituents, the summation of the inductive constants of these substituents, and the steric factors of the additional substituents. Comparison of the "initial" and "final" QSARs suggests that the same agent is involved as the reductant in both processes. The rate constants for reduction of seven haloaromatics obtained in 10 different sediment samples are correlated with the organic carbon content of the samples. The correlations are enhanced by taking into account the fraction of the compounds sorbed to the solid phase. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,ECOTOXICOL LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RI van de Meent, Dik/C-3982-2011; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; OI peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 301 EP 314 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[301:QFPRTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900004 ER PT J AU NEBEKER, AV ONJUKKA, ST STEVENS, DG CHAPMAN, GA DOMINGUEZ, SE AF NEBEKER, AV ONJUKKA, ST STEVENS, DG CHAPMAN, GA DOMINGUEZ, SE TI EFFECTS OF LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF DAPHNIA, HYALELLA AND GAMMARUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DAPHNIA-MAGNA; DAPHNIA-PULEX; HYALELLA-AZTECA; GAMMARUS-LACUSTRIS; DISSOLVED OXYGEN ID SEDIMENT; MAGNA AB Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Hyalella azteca, and Gammarus lacustris were exposed to low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the laboratory. Acute and chronic exposures were conducted to develop data for use in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) water quality criteria document for dissolved oxygen. Daphnia magna had two 48-h LC50s (50% mortality) of 0.6 and 0.7 mg/L, a highest-adverse-effect concentration of 0.6, and a lowest-no-adverse-effect concentration of 0.9 mg/L O2 (based on reproduction). Daphnia pulex had a 48-h LC50 of 0.5, two 96-h LC50s of 0.4 and 0.7, a highest-adverse-effect concentration of 1.6, and a lowest-no-adverse-effect concentration of 2.1 mg/L O2 (based on reproduction). Hyalella azteca had 96-h and 30-d LC50s of < 0.3 mg/L, a highest-adverse-effect concentration of 1.2, and a lowest-no-adverse-effect concentration of > 1.2 (based on reproduction). Gammarus lacustris had two 7-d LC50s of < 0.2 mg/L, a highest-adverse-effect concentration of < 0.2, and a lowest-no-adverse-effect concentration of 0.1 mg/L O2 (based on survival). Lack of access to the water surface increased mortality. Nitrogen-stripped and vacuum-degassed test water produced the same mortality. Results of this study indicate that dissolved oxygen concentrations adequate to avoid impairment of fish production, as outlined in the EPA's water quality criteria document, should provide reasonable protection for these four species. C1 OREGON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. US EPA,CTR MARINE SCI,NEWPORT,OR 97365. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP NEBEKER, AV (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 29 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[373:EOLDOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900011 ER PT J AU MIDDAUGH, DP ANDERSON, BS HEMMER, MJ AF MIDDAUGH, DP ANDERSON, BS HEMMER, MJ TI LABORATORY SPAWNING OF TOPSMELT, ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS, WITH NOTES ON CULTURE AND GROWTH OF LARVAE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TOPSMELT; LABORATORY SPAWNING; EMBRYOS; LARVAE; MARINE TOXICITY TESTS ID CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; FISHES; BAY AB Topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) were spawned repeatedly in the laboratory from May to July 1989. A periodic "temperature spike" from the holding temperature of approximately 18 up to approximately 20.5-degrees-C, introduced at 7- to 9-d intervals, resulted in maximum production of viable embryos on the fourth morning after the spike. Examination of embryonic stages and comparison to known developmental rates for Atherinops affinis embryos revealed that spawning was generally nocturnal, occurring between 1900 and 0500 h. Survival of embryonic and larval Atherinops affinis cultured at 21 +/- 1-degrees-C and 20 +/- 2 parts per thousand salinity was excellent (> 80%). A larval growth curve was developed for the first 24 d post-hatch. C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,MARINE POLLUT STUDIES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93940. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP MIDDAUGH, DP (reprint author), US EPA,GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[393:LSOTAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900013 ER PT J AU HEMMER, MJ MIDDAUGH, DP COMPARETTA, V AF HEMMER, MJ MIDDAUGH, DP COMPARETTA, V TI COMPARATIVE ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF LARVAL TOPSMELT, ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS, AND INLAND SILVERSIDE, MENIDIA-BERYLLINA, TO 11 CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS; MENIDIA-BERYLLINA; PESTICIDES ID ACUTE TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; FENVALERATE; FISHES AB Larval topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) were exposed in 96-h static acute toxicity tests to 11 chemicals to determine the relative sensitivity of the two atherinid species. High to low LC50 ratios for endosulfan, methoxychlor, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, fenvalerate, permethrin, 4-nitrophenol, and sodium lauryl sulfate were within a factor of < 2 for the two species. Atherinops affinis was more sensitive to both azinphos-methyl and 2,4-dinitrophenol by factors of 6.7 and 4.4, respectively. Comparisons of the relative sensitivity of Atherinops affinis with three freshwater fish species (Lepomis macrochirus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pimephales promelas) and one estuarine fish species (Cyprinodon variegatus) are presented. Sensitivities were similar between Atherinops affinis and the two most sensitive freshwater species, Lepomis macrochirus and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Atherinops affinis is easily transported, cultured, and maintained in the laboratory and readily adaptable for use in toxicological studies. RP HEMMER, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[401:CASOLT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900014 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, LR HEMMER, MJ MIDDAUGH, DP MOORE, JC AF GOODMAN, LR HEMMER, MJ MIDDAUGH, DP MOORE, JC TI EFFECTS OF FENVALERATE ON THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF TOPSMELT (ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS; TOPSMELT; FENVALERATE; EARLY LIFE STAGE (ELS) ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ACUTE TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; CALIFORNIA; PERMETHRIN; FISH AB Flow-through acute and early-life-stage (ELS) toxicity tests were conducted with topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), a Pacific coast saltwater fish, and fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. The 96-h LC50 for juvenile fish was 0.66-mu-g/L. In the 30-d ELS test with laboratory-spawned embryos, average measured fenvalerate concentrations were nondetectable (< 0.075-mu-g/L) in two control treatments, 0.14, 0.34, 0.82, 1.5, and 3.2-mu-g/L. Survival of embryos to hatching ranged from 94 to 100%, with no statistically significant differences among treatments. No fry survived exposure to fenvalerate concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.82-mu-g/L; overall survival in lower concentrations and control treatments ranged from 86 to 97%. There were no consistent concentration-dependent differences in weight between fish in the carrier-control treatment and fish exposed to fenvalerate. Mean wet weights of surviving fish ranged from 16.9 mg in 0.34-mu-g/L to 20.3 mg in 0.14-mu-g/L. The average bioconcentration factor for fish exposed to 0.14 and 0.34-mu-g fenvalerate per liter was 315. RP GOODMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[409:EOFOTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900015 ER PT J AU BARBOUR, MT PLAFKIN, JL BRADLEY, BP GRAVES, CG WISSEMAN, RW AF BARBOUR, MT PLAFKIN, JL BRADLEY, BP GRAVES, CG WISSEMAN, RW TI EVALUATION OF EPAS RAPID BIOASSESSMENT BENTHIC METRICS - METRIC REDUNDANCY AND VARIABILITY AMONG REFERENCE STREAM SITES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOASSESSMENT; METRICS; ECOREGIONS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; STREAMS ID ECOREGIONS AB The data analysis scheme used in the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) rapid bioassessment protocols (RBPs) integrates several community, population, and functional parameters (or metrics) into a single assessment of biological condition. A reference data base of macroinvertebrate data obtained from 10 ecoregions in Oregon, Colorado, and Kentucky was used to evaluate the appropriateness and variability of the benthic metrics and the similarities of results among ecoregions. Several statistical procedures, including principal component analysis, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and stepwise discriminant analysis, were used to test the efficacy of 17 community metrics. A general separation between the mountain ecoregions and the valley/plains ecoregions was determined to exist for the metrics. Two of the original eight metrics described in the EPA's RBPs for benthic macroinvertebrates were found to be highly variable and unreliable as measures of biological conditions in some ecoregions. Eleven metrics were determined as being valuable in discriminating between montane and valley/plains groupings of ecoregions. C1 EA ENGN SCI & TECHNOL INC,SPARKS,MD 21152. US EPA,DIV ASSESSMENT & WATERSHED PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. WESTERN AQUAT INST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 17 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 39 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[437:EOERBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HM215 UT WOS:A1992HM21500001 ER PT J AU HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS STITELER, WM MEYLAN, WM HUEBER, AE BEAUMAN, JA LAROSCHE, ME AF HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS STITELER, WM MEYLAN, WM HUEBER, AE BEAUMAN, JA LAROSCHE, ME TI PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR AEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY DEVELOPED FROM A FILE OF EVALUATED BIODEGRADATION DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIODEGRADATION; SAR; PREDICTION ID QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE; PERSISTENT CHEMICALS; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADABILITY AB A file of evaluated biodegradation data was used to develop a model for predicting aerobic biodegradability from chemical substructures. Chemicals initially were divided into three groups: (a) chemicals that degrade rapidly under most environmental conditions without requiring acclimation; (b) chemicals that are biodegradable, but only after an acclimation period; and (c) chemicals that degrade slowly or not at all. Chemicals in the first and last groups were then used to develop a model for classifying chemicals as rapidly biodegradable or not rapidly biodegradable. Two models, one based on linear regression and the other based on nonlinear regression, were developed from 35 preselected substructures. Both models predict the biodegradation categories correctly 90% of the time for the training set (264 chemicals) and an independent validation set (27 chemicals), and are 95% correct for chemicals that biodegrade rapidly. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS798,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP HOWARD, PH (reprint author), SYRACUSE RES CORP,MERRILL LANE,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 26 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 16 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 593 EP 603 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[593:PMFABD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HR048 UT WOS:A1992HR04800002 ER PT J AU GAO, C GOVIND, R TABAK, HH AF GAO, C GOVIND, R TABAK, HH TI APPLICATION OF THE GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE TOXICITY OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; GROUP CONTRIBUTION APPROACH; PREDICTION OF TOXICITY MODEL ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; QSAR AB A group contribution method has been developed that uses the LC50 values (measured for fathead minnow) for 130 diverse organic compounds. The 130 selected compounds were constituted from 16 chemical groups with -log(LC50) values ranging from 0.85 to 6.09. The method was then used to predict the LC50 values for 10 additional compounds, not in the training set, with good agreement between the predicted and measured values. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENVIRONM LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[631:AOTGCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HR048 UT WOS:A1992HR04800006 ER PT J AU NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL STUTZMAN, TW SCHUYTEMA, GS CAREY, LA SCHERER, SM AF NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL STUTZMAN, TW SCHUYTEMA, GS CAREY, LA SCHERER, SM TI EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS AND DIETARY EXPOSURE OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND BIOCONCENTRATION IN MALLARD DUCKLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MALLARD DUCK; DIELDRIN; TOXICITY; BIOCONCENTRATION ID RESIDUES; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; EGGS; AGE AB Tests were conducted to determine the effects of dieldrin in continuous-flow water and in food on survival, growth, and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Dieldrin had no effect on survival or growth at concentrations at or below water saturation (0.2 mg/L), but tissue (lipid, skin, liver, muscle, brain, blood) dieldrin concentrations increased rapidly (up to a mean of 217-mu-g/g) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) showed up to 1,995 times (mean steady-state lipid BCF of 1,345) more dieldrin in tissues than in the water. Significant effects on survival, growth, and behavior were observed in ducks fed dieldrin-spiked food, and tissues rapidly concentrated dieldrin up to five times more than those in the water-only test (mean of 1,000-mu-g/g), although the BCFs were much lower (water BCFs were up to 18 times higher). The dietary 96-h LC50 value (50% death at 96 h) was 165-mu-g/g dieldrin; the 24-d dietary LC50 was 29.5-mu-g/g. The lowest 24-d LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) values were 16.4 and 0.3-mu-g/g, respectively, based on growth (total weight). A screening level wildlife criteria (SLWC) value of 0.0001 mg/L was derived by using data from this study. Steady-state tissue dieldrin concentrations at which growth impairment occurred were near 140 (lipid), 80 (skin), 20 (liver), 10 (brain), and 5 (muscle) mu-g/g dieldrin. Tissue dieldrin concentrations where no growth impairment was observed were near 3.0 (lipid), 1.0 (skin), and < 1.0 (liver, brain, and muscle) mu-g/g RP NEBEKER, AV (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[687:EOAADE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HR048 UT WOS:A1992HR04800012 ER PT J AU BARNES, DG AF BARNES, DG TI WHAT DO WE DO NOW SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BARNES, DG (reprint author), US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 729 EP 731 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY976 UT WOS:A1992HY97600001 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE WHITEHOUSE, DA CLAXTON, LD AF GEORGE, SE WHITEHOUSE, DA CLAXTON, LD TI GENOTOXICITY OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BIODEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN THE SALMONELLA REVERSION AND LAMBDA-PROPHAGE-INDUCTION BIOASSAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; BIODEGRADATION; GENOTOXICITY; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; PROPHAGE-INDUCTION BIOASSAY ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; SOIL; CARCINOGENICITY; METABOLISM; 2,4,5-T; CULTURE; PURE AB Pseudomonas cepacia strain AC11OO has been isolated and reported to utilize 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) as sole carbon and energy source. Metabolites from the 2,4,5-T degradation pathway were tested for their mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion bioassay and genotoxicity in the prophage-induction bioassay. The parental compound (2,4,5-T) and three reported metabolites (2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, and 2-chlorosuccinate) were negative with and without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA104. Conversely, 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol were positive in the prophage-induction bioassay with added S9. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was approximately 100-fold more genotoxic than 2,4,5-T. 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone was a weak direct-acting genotoxicant in this assay. In order to determine if strain ACI 100 eliminated genotoxicity, 2,4,5-T medium was inoculated and the genotoxicity and the amount of 2,4,5-T remaining were examined over the growth period. As cell numbers increased, the percentage of 2,4,5-T remaining in the medium decreased. This decrease coincided with a decrease in genotoxicity in the prophage-induction bioassay. No mutagenic response was observed in the Salmonella reversion assay. RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MAIL DROP 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 733 EP 740 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY976 UT WOS:A1992HY97600002 ER PT J AU COONEY, JD DEGRAEVE, GM MOORE, EL PALMER, WD POLLOCK, TL AF COONEY, JD DEGRAEVE, GM MOORE, EL PALMER, WD POLLOCK, TL TI EFFECTS OF FOOD AND WATER-QUALITY ON CULTURING OF CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CERIODAPHNIA; WATER QUALITY; FOOD; CULTURE ID CLADOCERA AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a 7-d test to evaluate effluent effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia survival and reproduction. Several foods have been used to culture and test Ceriodaphnia dubia in both laboratory waters and surface waters with variable results. This study's objective was to evaluate effects of eight diets on survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia in hard reconstituted water (HRW); HRW was used alone or supplemented with bacteria or selenium to determine whether their addition would improve survival and reproduction. Diets consisted of yeast, trout food (TF), yeast/trout food/Cerophyl(R) (YTC), Selenastrum capricornutum, Ankistrodesmus convolutus, Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Selenastrum capricornutum plus TF, and Selenastrum capricornutum plus YTC. Screening tests in HRW with each diet (at several levels) were first used to rank diets; diets with high survival (greater-than-or-equal-to 80% at 14 d) and reproduction (greater-than-or-equal-to 3 young per female per reproductive day) were further evaluated in multigeneration feeding tests. Finally, diets yielding high survival and reproduction in HRW were evaluated in surface and well water to verify adequacy in waters of differing composition and quality. Yeast, trout food, YTC, Selenastrum capricornutum, Ankistrodesmus convolutus, or Chlamydomonas reinhardii used alone were unacceptable for long-term culturing in HRW under test conditions used in this project. Success of the EPA's recommended food, YTC, was dependent on water, with worst results in HRW. The addition of selenium and bacteria to the HRW did not consistently improve either survival or reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia in the diet tests. Some of the diet test results were confounded by the use of batches of HRW that periodically contained some unidentified components that were toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Both Selenastrum capricornutum plus TF and Selenastrum capricornutum plus YTC were acceptable for culturing with high survival and reproduction. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS OPERAT,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. BATTELLE GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM CTR,TRAVERSE CITY,MI 49684. US EPA,OHIO ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,WATER QUAL LAB,COLUMBUS,OH 43212. OHIO ENVIONM PROTECT AGCY,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 823 EP 837 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[823:EOFAWQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY976 UT WOS:A1992HY97600011 ER PT J AU HAYFORD, M PASURKA, CA AF HAYFORD, M PASURKA, CA TI THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF THE FORDNEY-MCCUMBER AND SMOOT-HAWLEY TARIFF ACTS SO EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP HAYFORD, M (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT ECON,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4983 J9 EXPLOR ECON HIST JI Explor. Econ. Hist. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 29 IS 1 BP 30 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0014-4983(92)90031-Q PG 21 WC Economics; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HC845 UT WOS:A1992HC84500002 ER PT J AU LEVINE, TE AF LEVINE, TE TI ASSESSMENT AND COMMUNICATION OF RISKS FROM PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN FOOD SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP LEVINE, TE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV REGISTRAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 SN 0015-6361 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JN279 UT WOS:A1992JN27900007 ER PT B AU MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R AF MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R BE FINLEY, JW ROBINSON, SF ARMSTRONG, DJ TI TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PLANT PESTICIDES - POTENTIAL DATA REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT, AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY AUG 26-31, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM RP MCCLINTOCK, JT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2198-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 484 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BV48F UT WOS:A1992BV48F00005 ER PT J AU SCHLESINGER, RB GRAHAM, JA AF SCHLESINGER, RB GRAHAM, JA TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC ACID AEROSOLS - A MODEL PROBLEM IN INHALATION TOXICOLOGY AND AIR-POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SULFURIC-ACID; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SCHLESINGER, RB (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90190-S PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HB794 UT WOS:A1992HB79400002 PM 1601205 ER PT B AU TABAK, H GOVIND, R AF TABAK, H GOVIND, R BE Akin, C Markuszewski, R Smith, J TI DETERMINATION AND PREDICTION OF BIODEGRADATION KINETICS USING STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP MODELS SO GAS, OIL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Gas, Oil, and Environmental Biotechnology CY DEC 09-11, 1991 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP GAS RES INST C1 US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST GAS TECHNOLOGY PI DES PLAINES PA 1700 S. MT. PROSPECT RD, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 BN 0-910091-85-4 PY 1992 BP 129 EP 152 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BZ54J UT WOS:A1992BZ54J00008 ER PT J AU CARSON, DA AF CARSON, DA TI MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE LANDFILL DAILY COVER ALTERNATIVES SO GEOTEXTILES AND GEOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article AB Alternative daily cover materials for use at municipal solid waste landfills is gaining popularity among landfill operators. There is a wide variety of products available. This PaPer discusses the regulations, operational requirements and brief descriptions of many of the products available today. This paper focuses on foams and sprays, not on geotextile-based daily cover materials. RP CARSON, DA (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0266-1144 J9 GEOTEXT GEOMEMBRANES JI Geotext. Geomembr. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4-6 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1016/0266-1144(92)90037-B PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA JM497 UT WOS:A1992JM49700021 ER PT J AU PESACHOWITZ, A AF PESACHOWITZ, A TI INTERAGENCY CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC-ACCESS SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB On May 20-21, 1991, the first interagency conference on public access was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at Solomons, Maryland. The conference offered departmental and agency officials an opportunity to discuss issues surrounding public access to government information, particularly that which is collected or generated and maintained in electronic format, and to share experiences to date. Congress is increasingly requiring that specific databases generated by an agency for its own use be made available to the general public electronically, as with the EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). In addition, departments and agencies are more aware of their obligations to make information available in the format in which they are using it. Public interest groups, professional associations, academia, libraries and the press are demanding access to government information in electronic format, through fear that movement to electronic media will eventually limit access to those with the means of accessing it. This, in turn, raises a fear that the citizen may not have access to the information necessary to exercise his or her rights effectively in a democratic society. RP PESACHOWITZ, A (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ADM & RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,OFF INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 1992 VL 9 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA HR052 UT WOS:A1992HR05200008 ER PT J AU LALLAS, PL ESTY, DC VANHOOGSTRATEN, DJ AF LALLAS, PL ESTY, DC VANHOOGSTRATEN, DJ TI ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL-TRADE - TOWARD MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE RULES AND POLICIES SO HARVARD ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP LALLAS, PL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV INT ACT,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0147-8257 J9 HARVARD ENVIRON LAW JI Harv. Environ. Law Rev. PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 271 EP 342 PG 72 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA KD723 UT WOS:A1992KD72300001 ER PT J AU HUNT, TE WILKINS, TA AF HUNT, TE WILKINS, TA TI ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS AND ENFORCEMENT POLICY SO HARVARD ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,OFF ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. HARVARD UNIV,SCH LAW,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP HUNT, TE (reprint author), BRACEWELL & PATTERSON,HOUSTON,TX, USA. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0147-8257 J9 HARVARD ENVIRON LAW JI Harv. Environ. Law Rev. PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 365 EP 427 PG 63 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA KD723 UT WOS:A1992KD72300003 ER PT J AU WHITE, SB BERGSTEN, JW ALEXANDER, BV RODMAN, NF PHILLIPS, JL AF WHITE, SB BERGSTEN, JW ALEXANDER, BV RODMAN, NF PHILLIPS, JL TI INDOOR 222RN CONCENTRATIONS IN A PROBABILITY SAMPLE OF 43,000 HOUSES ACROSS 30 STATES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 222RN; SURVEYS; SAMPLING; RADIOACTIVITY, NATURAL ID RN-222; HOMES AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has assisted 30 of the 48 conterminous states in completing statistically designed surveys of indoor Rn-222 over the past 4 y. In all states, the lowest livable level of 43,054 randomly selected houses was tested using charcoal canisters exposed for 48 h. The sampled population included owner-occupied ground-level houses having listed telephone numbers. Summary statistics along with the percentage of houses exceeding various concentration levels are given by state and over all states for houses with basements, for houses without basements, and for all houses. As expected, Rn-222 concentration varies widely from one state to another and, in every state, basement houses exhibit higher concentrations than nonbasement houses. The lognormal distribution is shown to be a good approximation to the distribution of screening measurements over the 30-state area. There is, however, some evidence that the lognormal distribution underestimates, by a narrow margin, the upper tail of the observed distribution of basement measurements. C1 US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. RP WHITE, SB (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1097/00004032-199201000-00005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GV911 UT WOS:A1992GV91100005 PM 1727411 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM WILLIAMS, RW BROOKS, LR TAYLOR, MS AF DEMARINI, DM WILLIAMS, RW BROOKS, LR TAYLOR, MS TI USE OF CYANOPROPYL-BONDED HPLC COLUMN FOR BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION OF ORGANIC EXTRACTS FROM INCINERATOR EMISSIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION; HPLC; COMPLEX MIXTURES; MUTAGRAMS; MUTAGENICITY ID BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES AB The present study has shown that cyanopropyl- (CN) bonded silica may be applicable for the fractionation by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of mass and mutagenic activity of organic extracts from some incinerator emissions. Dichloromethane-extractable organics from particles emitted by two different municipal waste incinerators and by a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator that was combusting polyethylene plastic were fractionated by HPLC, and the mutagenicity of the collected fractions was determined by means of a microsuspension mutagenicity assay with Salmonella TA98. The CN-bonded silica column provided high (80-100%) mass and mutagenicity recoveries for most emission extracts, and it fractionated the mutagenic activity. The results suggest that the emissions from municipal waste incinerators contain a high amount of direct-acting (-S9) mutagenic activity that is resolvable by HPLC using CN-bonded silica. Sub-fractionation of selected mutagenic HPLC fractions and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy can be used to identify mutagenic species within complex incinerator emissions. The coupling of microsuspension bioassays to HPLC fractionation should be a useful tool for this type of analysis. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1992 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1080/03067319208027399 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JR949 UT WOS:A1992JR94900005 ER PT J AU MARROCCO, FA COOK, PL IWAN, GR OLSON, E SAWEY, R ROLAN, AT AF MARROCCO, FA COOK, PL IWAN, GR OLSON, E SAWEY, R ROLAN, AT TI WILL STATES KEEP PRIMACY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. STATE CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106. NATL WILDLIFE FEDERAT,DIV ENVIRONM QUAL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MARROCCO, FA (reprint author), PENN DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,EXECUT HOUSE,2ND & CHESTNUT ST,ROOM 514,HARRISBURG,PA 17101, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1 BP 36 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GZ920 UT WOS:A1992GZ92000006 ER PT J AU CZERKOWICZ, TJ AF CZERKOWICZ, TJ TI DISINFECTANTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 105TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ASSOC OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS CY AUG 12-15, 1991 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASSOC OFF ANALYT CHEMISTS RP CZERKOWICZ, TJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV BIOL & ECON ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK107 UT WOS:A1992HK10700023 ER PT J AU DUFOUR, AP AF DUFOUR, AP TI WATER MICROBIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 105TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ASSOC OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS CY AUG 12-15, 1991 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASSOC OFF ANALYT CHEMISTS RP DUFOUR, AP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK107 UT WOS:A1992HK10700062 ER PT J AU MAHBUBANI, MH BEJ, AK PERLIN, MH SCHAEFER, FW JAKUBOWSKI, W ATLAS, RM AF MAHBUBANI, MH BEJ, AK PERLIN, MH SCHAEFER, FW JAKUBOWSKI, W ATLAS, RM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF GIARDIA-DUODENALIS FROM OTHER GIARDIA SPP BY USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND GENE PROBES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AXENIC CULTURE; LAMBLIA; CYSTS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; ZOONOSIS; MOUSE AB Giardia spp. are waterborne organisms that are the most commonly identified pathogenic intestinal protozoans in the United States. Current detection techniques for Giardia species in water include microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques. Species of the genus Giardia are classified on the basis of taxonomic criteria, such as cell morphology, and on host specificity. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction- and gene probe-based detection system specific for Giardia spp., which can discriminate between the relevant species of the G. duodenalis type pathogenic to humans and other Giardia species that are not human pathogens. This method can detect a single Giardia cyst and is therefore sensitive enough for environmental monitoring. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT BIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GV355 UT WOS:A1992GV35500012 PM 1734070 ER PT J AU WOLFE, NL MACALADY, DL AF WOLFE, NL MACALADY, DL TI NEW PERSPECTIVES IN AQUATIC REDOX CHEMISTRY - ABIOTIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUNDWATER AND SEDIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE PACIFIC BASIN CHEMICAL SOCIETIES MEETING : CHEMICAL MEDIATION OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS ( PACIFICHEM 89 ) CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP CANADIAN SOC CHEM, CHEM SOC JAPAN, AMER CHEM SOC ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER-SYSTEMS; HYDROLYSIS; REDUCTION; PESTICIDES; SORPTION; SOILS AB Presented is a review of recent advances in the chemistry of abiotic redox transformations of organic pollutants in anaerobic ecosystems. The goal is to provide an indication of the state of knowledge and the remaining difficulties, rather than an exhaustive review of the existing literature. Particular attention is given to the types of functional groups that undergo reaction and the findings concerning physical and chemical parameters of ecosystems that govern the rates and products of redox transformations. Classes of compounds and structural features within these classes of compounds provide information about the intrinsic nature of the natural reductants. Further information is provided by studies which consider system variables such as sediment concentrations, organic carbon levels, pH, Eh and temperature. While the identity of reducing agents that transform organic pollutants in anaerobic systems remains elusive, the reactivities of these agents are being characterized and compared with surrogate (model) reductants. It is apparent that chemical and biological reduction processes are strongly coupled, and there is increasing evidence for widespread mediation of reductive reactions by bio-organic molecules. C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM & GEOCHEM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP WOLFE, NL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 34 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA HP813 UT WOS:A1992HP81300003 ER PT J AU BONNER, JS HUNT, CD PAUL, JF BIERMAN, VJ AF BONNER, JS HUNT, CD PAUL, JF BIERMAN, VJ TI TRANSPORT OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE SOIL AT DEEP-OCEAN DISPOSAL SITE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB Transport studies were conducted to assess ocean disposal of soil contaminated with low-level natural radioisotopes. The experimental approach involved characterization of the soil for parameters affecting transport and fate of radionuclides. Radioactivity was associated with discrete soil particles up to 6,000-mu-m. Gross and most individual isotope and element activities were more concentrated on smaller particles. The median size based on gross radio-activity was 125-mu-m, while the median size based on dry mass was 350-mu-m. Particle-settling velocities measured in a 1 m settling column ranged up to 8.2 cm/s (median 2.1 cm/s). Large-scale mixed water column experiments (5 m) confirmed that settling would be the dominant verticle transport mechanism for the soil particles. Experimental results were used to calibrate a convective-diffusive transport model, which was applied to a hypothetical ocean disposal site in 4,000 m of water. The model indicated that 95% of the soil and associated radionuclides would impact the bottom sediment within five days and up to 40 km from the disposal point, along the mean current flow. C1 BATTELLE OCEAN SCI,DUXBURY,MA 02332. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP BONNER, JS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 118 IS 1 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:1(101) PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB544 UT WOS:A1992HB54400008 ER PT J AU MCCUTCHEON, SC AF MCCUTCHEON, SC TI MODELING DO CONDITIONS IN STREAMS WITH DISPERSION - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 118 IS 1 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:1(156.2) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB544 UT WOS:A1992HB54400013 ER PT J AU YU, YS BAILEY, GW AF YU, YS BAILEY, GW TI REDUCTION OF NITROBENZENE BY 4 SULFIDE MINERALS - KINETICS, PRODUCTS, AND SOLUBILITY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB Nitrobenzene was used as a molecular probe to study electron donor properties of four sulfide minerals. Nitrobenzene was selected as a probe because its reaction in aqueous systems has been well characterized. Suspensions of the four minerals were reacted with nitrobenzene under anaerobic conditions for various time periods. Nitrobenzene and its reaction products in both the solution and the solid phase were analyzed by liquid chromatography and UV-visible spectroscopy. The observed half-lives of nitrobenzene are 7.5, 40, 105, and 360 h, respectively, for reaction with sodium sulfide (Na2S), alabandite (MnS), sphalerite (ZnS), and molybdenite (MoS2) under anaerobic conditions, at a 0.24 mol L-1 water-mineral mixture concentration. The log plot of calculated sulfide ion concentration of minerals vs. reaction half-life shows a linear relationship. Nitrobenzene reduction by sulfide minerals is a solution phenomena. The sulfide mineral dissolution rate and its solubility, however, influence the reduction rate. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP YU, YS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD304 UT WOS:A1992HD30400013 ER PT J AU OLSZYK, DM TAKEMOTO, BK KATS, G DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL PRESTON, JW THOMPSON, CR AF OLSZYK, DM TAKEMOTO, BK KATS, G DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL PRESTON, JW THOMPSON, CR TI EFFECTS OF OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS ON VALENCIA ORANGE TREES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTANTS; PLANTS; OZONE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; POLLUTION; OXIDANT AB Open-top field chambers are the most widely used technology for evaluating the impacts of air pollutants on vegetation. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of chambers on Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck). The trees were exposed to ambient ozone (O3) for 51 months in large (4.3-m diam. by 2.9-m high) nonfiltered open-top chambers (NF) and in ambient air without chambers (AA). During this period, the 12-h daytime (M12) average O3 concentration was approximately 8% lower, and the cumulative O3 exposure for hourly average concentrations > 0.1-mu-L L-1 (SUM10) was 29% lower than for NF than for AA trees. By December 1984 (after eight months in chambers), canopy volume for NF trees was 67% greater than for AA trees; and by March 1988 canopy volume for NF trees was 104% greater than for AA trees (P < 0.001). Specific leaf areas (cm2 g-1) were larger for NF than AA trees (P < 0.05). Total harvestable fruit weight combined for years 1986, 1987 and 1988 was 98% higher for NF than for AA trees (P < 0.01). The higher yield for NF trees was associated with lower immature fruit drop, especially during the growing seasons prior to the 1986 and 1987 harvests (P < 0.01). Warm season (April-October) rates of stomatal conductance and transpiration were 14 and 12% lower, respectively, for NF than AA trees; which coincided with 29% more negative leaf water potentials for NF than AA trees (P < 0.05). In contrast, cool season net photosynthetic rates were 18% lower for NF than for AA trees, and starch concentrations were 31% higher in leaves from NF compared to AA trees in February 1988 (P < 0.05). Overall, the yield increases for NF compared to AA trees could, in part, be accounted for by decreased flux of O3 into leaves (based on decreased O3 exposure and leaf conductance). However, other factors, i.e., increased tree growth, altered leaf C allocation, and lack of wind stress occurring only in chambers, likely contributed to higher NF tree yields. C1 CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD,DIV RES,SACRAMENTO,CA 95812. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP OLSZYK, DM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD304 UT WOS:A1992HD30400019 ER PT J AU LYE, DJ AF LYE, DJ TI MICROBIOLOGY OF RAINWATER CISTERN SYSTEMS - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CISTERN; RAINWATER; MICROORGANISMS ID WATER AB Many parts of the world do not have community water systems or have systems so badly in need of maintenance and repair that individually maintained water systems are still considered to be an appropriate and important source of potable water. The collection of rainwater by individuals using a cistern storage system is currently practiced in almost every nation in the world. A survey of American State Health Departments revealed that there are an estimated 253,815 cistern systems still in use in the United States. The scientific community is often reluctant to promote individually maintained water systems (such as rainwater catchment - cistern storage systems) as being equal in quality to centrally maintained community water systems because domestic cistern systems are typically under maintained, not disinfected, and fall short of current microbiological guidelines for potable water. This review article provides information about the current use of rainwater catchment systems in the United States. C1 NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41099. RP LYE, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1992 VL A27 IS 8 BP 2123 EP 2166 PG 44 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JW621 UT WOS:A1992JW62100008 ER PT J AU INYANG, HI AF INYANG, HI TI ASPECTS OF LANDFILL DESIGN FOR STABILITY IN SEISMIC ZONES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In areas where seismic events occur frequently, the structural stability of waste disposal facilities may be threatened. Current design methods for landfills were developed under the assumption of static loading conditions. In seismically active areas, design and other ancillary measures need to be implemented to raise the factor of safety for the long-term stability of landfills. In this article, the seismological and geotechnical factors that control the risk of landfill damage are briefly discussed. A zonation scheme and geotechnical engineering measures for mitigating the hazards to landfills in earthquake-prone areas are proposed. RP INYANG, HI (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,401 M ST SW OS-341,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 SN 0047-2433 J9 J ENVIRON SYST PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA189 UT WOS:A1992KA18900003 ER PT J AU FISHER, WS AF FISHER, WS TI OCCURRENCE OF AGGLUTININS IN THE PALLIAL CAVITY MUCUS OF OYSTERS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGGLUTININ; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LECTIN; MUCUS; OYSTER ID PINCTADA-FUCATA-MARTENSII; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; HEMOLYMPH LECTIN; PEARL OYSTER; HEMOCYTES; MOLECULES; INVOLVEMENT; SURFACE; SERUM AB Mucus and fluid from the pallial (mantle) cavity of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin from Chesapeake Bay and Galveston Bay were found to agglutinate a variety of vertebrate erythrocytes (RBC) and bacteria. Agglutinating activity of pallial cavity fluid was probably due to dissociation of agglutinins from mucus on the external surfaces of organs. Agglutination titers of pallial cavity fluid from individual Galveston Bay oysters for six different RBC were positively correlated with high significance, indicating a strong interdependence regardless of RBC specificity. The relative agglutinating activity for different RBC by tissue explants and homogenized tissues (mantle, gill, digestive gland and adductor muscle) was similar to the relative activity of the pallial cavity fluid; mantle and gill tissue had the greatest agglutinating capacity over all RBC, whereas the adductor muscle had the least. Positive correlation was detected between agglutination titers of pallial cavity fluid (for different RBC) and titers of hemolymph agglutinins from the same oysters. It is hypothesized that agglutinins in the pallial cavity and hemolymph have a common source. The results of the explant and homogenate assays can be interpreted to suggest that the source is mantle and gill tissues. RP FISHER, WS (reprint author), US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,FL 32561, USA. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PY 1992 VL 162 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(92)90121-P PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY195 UT WOS:A1992JY19500001 ER PT J AU BLANCATO, J HULEBAK, K AF BLANCATO, J HULEBAK, K TI EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AS APPLIED TO RISK CHARACTERIZATION - A SUMMARY REPORT OF WORK GROUP-IV SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BLANCATO, J (reprint author), US EPA,EMSL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HH816 UT WOS:A1992HH81600012 PM 1504633 ER PT J AU HOWELL, SG AF HOWELL, SG TI WASTE MINIMIZATION SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP HOWELL, SG (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 141 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85065-9 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HC024 UT WOS:A1992HC02400001 ER PT J AU HOWELL, SG AF HOWELL, SG TI A 10 YEAR REVIEW OF PLASTICS RECYCLING SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Review AB A short history of the practice of plastics recycling as practiced in the United States and Europe for the past ten years indicates that much progress has been made in educating the public sector about the environmental damage done by the indiscriminating disposal of plastic items and potential opportunities to recycle them. Recent legislation has made the collection of some discarded plastic articles more efficient, and has provided economic incentives to recover and reuse waste plastics. A discussion of the methods of collecting, separating, cleaning, and fabrication of plastic wastes into useful items leads to the conclusion that much work is yet to be done to develop more efficient ways to perform these tasks. In addition, improvements in blending the disparate plastic materials in wastes could lead to the production of better products made from recycled materials. The public must be made aware of the fact that consumer products made of recycled plastics are often as good as those made of virgin material. And that the resulting environmental benefits as well as energy savings are for the common good. RP HOWELL, SG (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 143 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85066-A PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HC024 UT WOS:A1992HC02400002 ER PT J AU BROWN, LM SPRINGER, J BOWER, M AF BROWN, LM SPRINGER, J BOWER, M TI CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTION FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE AND METHANOL IN AN INDUSTRIAL CLEANING OPERATION SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Hazardous wastes are generated from cold solvent degreasing operations used in many industrial processes. The spent solvents are managed under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). With the land ban of spent solvents, disposal has become increasingly difficult. As a result, industries have begun investigating ways to avoid using RCRA listed cleaning solvents. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Pollution Prevention Research Branch along with APS Materials, Inc., a small metal finishing company, participated in a joint research project to evaluate the substitution of a dilute, terpene-based cleaner for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) and methanol, hazardous wastes F001 and F003 respectively, in their degreasing operations. This paper presents the results of a study evaluating the waste reduction/pollution prevention that can be achieved by substituting dilute limonene solutions for TCA and methanol in the cleaning of orthopedic implants (e.g. metal knee and hip joint replacements). This paper describes the original cleaning process, the modifications made to the process in using the dilute limonene solution, and the sampling plan used in evaluating the effectiveness of the solution. The paper presents qualitative results of the sampling tests and an economic evaluation of plant modifications. RP BROWN, LM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85068-C PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HC024 UT WOS:A1992HC02400004 ER PT J AU RANDALL, PM AF RANDALL, PM TI POLLUTION PREVENTION METHODS IN THE SURFACE COATING INDUSTRY SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The surface coating industry is rapidly changing to meet environmental and economic pressures. Some of the changes include new formulations which meet environmental regulations, higher performance finishes with improved properties, continued development of solventless technologies such as powder coatings and radiation curable coatings, and new application methods with improved transfer efficiencies. These changes will be accelerated by the 1990 amendments to the U.S. Clean Air Act. These new environmental laws will require industry through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state and local agencies to further reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are contributors to ozone formation in the lower atmosphere. The focus of this paper will be to examine the paints and coatings industry and those pollution prevention methods that are being applied to meet these environmental pressures. It will review the life cycle of paints and coatings; from its inception in the manufacturing facility to its ultimate application and disposal. It will also review developing low VOC technologies that are being considered worldwide to comply with increasing VOC regulations. RP RANDALL, PM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,POLLUT PREVENT RES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 275 EP 295 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85073-A PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HC024 UT WOS:A1992HC02400009 ER PT J AU SEDHOM, E DAUERMAN, L IBRAHIM, N WINDGASSE, G AF SEDHOM, E DAUERMAN, L IBRAHIM, N WINDGASSE, G TI MICROWAVE TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - FIXATION OF CHROMIUM IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE HAZARDOUS WASTES; SOIL; MICROWAVE; FIXATION; CHROMIUM AB It has been found that chromium (hexavalent)-impregnated soil treated in a microwave field can be rendered non-hazardous as defined by federal regulations. Another requirement for feasibly effecting site remediation by any technology is that the heavy metal does not become leachable in the future. That it is possible to prevent leaching after treatment was demonstrated by spectroscopic studies. The hexavalent chromium phase in the chromium-impregnated soil became non-detectable; chromium reappeared in two new crystalline phases: chromite (FeCr2O4) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3), respectively. It is the appearance of the chromite phase which suggests the following model to guide the development of microwave-based processes to treat this class of hazardous wastes cost-effectively: The hematite phase, initially present in the soil, is "lossy", and absorbs microwave energy; this phase can interact with the dichromate phase in the presence of other soil constituents to effect the formation of a non-hazardous phase. This type of interaction should be more cost-effective than soil vitrification because the expenditure of energy should be less. In contrast to physical stabilization processes, the possibility of subsequent leaching of a hazardous nature is eliminated. This model leads to general guidelines for the development of microwave-based processes to remediate soils contaminated with a heavy toxic metal: (a) Determine if a "lossy" native mineral is present; (b) Determine if this "lossy" native mineral interacts with the toxic heavy metal within the soil matrix to form a non-hazardous substance. C1 NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,US EPA,RES CTR REG 1 & 2,NE HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR,NEWARK,NJ 07102. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA JE693 UT WOS:A1992JE69300004 ER PT J AU SANDELLI, GJ SPIEGEL, RJ AF SANDELLI, GJ SPIEGEL, RJ TI FUEL-CELL ENERGY RECOVERY FROM LANDFILL GAS SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND GROVE FUEL CELL SYMP : PROGRESS IN FUEL CELL COMMERCIALISATION CY SEP 24-27, 1991 CL LONDON, ENGLAND AB International Fuel Cells Corporation is conducting a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored program to demonstrate energy recovery from landfill gas using a commercial phosphoric acid fuel cell power plant. The US EPA is interested in fuel cells for this application because it is the cleanest energy conversion technology available. This paper discusses the results of Phase I, a conceptual design, cost, and evaluation study. The conceptual design of the fuel cell energy recovery concept is described and its economic and environmental feasibility is projected. Phase II will include construction and testing of a landfill gas pretreatment system which will render landfill gas suitable for use in the fuel cell. Phase III will be a demonstration of the energy recovery concept. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. INT FUEL CELLS CORP,SOUTH WINDSOR,CT 06074. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0378-7753(92)80082-M PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA GX406 UT WOS:A1992GX40600025 ER PT J AU BIFULCO, JM SCHAEFER, FW AF BIFULCO, JM SCHAEFER, FW TI SERIAL SUBCULTIVATION OF GIARDIA-LAMBLIA IN KEISTER MODIFIED TYI-S-33 MEDIUM CONTAINING ULTROSER-G SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULTURE; INVITRO; SERUM SUBSTITUTE; CRYOPRESERVATION AB The ability of Giardia strains of the duodenalis type to grow in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium varies with serum lot. Recently, strains of Giardia including MR4, WB, and Human-1-Portland, have been cultivated in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium containing the serum substitute Ultroser G and have been cultured serially at least 40 times. An optimal concentration of 8% Ultroser G promotes maximal growth in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium for all three strains. This concentration of Ultroser G will produce a two-log increase in the number of trophozoites in approximately three days post-inoculation. Generation times for the trophozoites ranging from 6 to 11 h have been achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 containing 10% adult bovine serum and from 8 to 13 h in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 with 8% Ultroser G. Despite the excellent growth of Giardia strains in medium containing Ultroser G, the maximum trophozoite density is only about half of that achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with 10% adult bovine serum. Comparisons of trophozoites grown with serum or the serum substitute reveal no discernable differences in morphology and motility. Additionally, these strains have been successfully cryopreserved and revived in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with Ultroser G. Because Ultroser G is a characterized mixture of six main groups of ingredients (growth factors, adhesion factors, mineral trace elements, hormones, binding proteins, and vitamins), the variability in cell proliferation that may occur when changing serum lots should be minimized when using this product. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01304.x PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HG564 UT WOS:A1992HG56400030 PM 1560417 ER PT J AU OLSON, RK AF OLSON, RK TI INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CY JUL 22-23, 1991 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US EPA AB Current agricultural practices are contributing to environmental degradation, which also threatens the sustainability of agricultural production. Ecology has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of a sustainable and environmentally sound agriculture. However, the results of a conference organized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency suggest that only a small part of this potential has been realized. Successful translation of ecological research results into agricultural management decisions will require a multidisciplinary approach. Ecologists may be most effective in influencing agricultural practices by working as members of multidisciplinary research teams that include farmers and on-farm research. RP OLSON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,SUSTAINABLE AGR PROJECT,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_01 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JQ027 UT WOS:A1992JQ02700002 ER PT J AU OLSON, RK AF OLSON, RK TI THE FUTURE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CY JUL 22-23, 1991 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US EPA AB Agricultural management systems function in an environmental, social, and economic context. The future context of agriculture in the United States will differ from the present in ways that cannot be predicted with certainty, but will likely challenge the sustainability of current systems. Research on sustainable agricultural systems must consider this uncertainty, and policy decisions must take uncertainty into account. Approaches for dealing with uncertainty include planning for extreme events, adopting policies with multiple benefits, improving predictive capabilities, and educating decision makers and citizens on the implications of future uncertainties. RP OLSON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,SUSTAINABLE AGR PROJECT,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_02 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JQ027 UT WOS:A1992JQ02700003 ER PT J AU OGG, CW AF OGG, CW TI ADDRESSING INFORMATION NEEDS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE POLICIES SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CY JUL 22-23, 1991 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US EPA AB Policy makers are more willing to adopt changes when the benefits of the change are clearly documented. The 1977 National Resources Inventory (NRI) and the dramatic changes it helped bring about is an example of the power of information in facilitating environmental policy innovation for agriculture. Multibillion-dollar conservation programs now address soil erosion in the United States in a relatively strategic and technically sophisticated way. This greater integration between farm policy and environmental policy has had an impact on commodity policies for agriculture, which have been modified in an attempt to avoid barriers to sustainable agriculture crop rotations. However, identifying the benefits of sustainable farming systems presents a greater research challenge than the soil conservation studies that used the NRI. The rewards for policy-oriented ecological research are great because many opportunities remain for U.S. and world agriculture to become more supportive of environmental and ecological goals while simultaneously meeting farmer and consumer needs. RP OGG, CW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,401 M ST SW,PM 221,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_09 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JQ027 UT WOS:A1992JQ02700010 ER PT J AU ROBARGE, GM BENFORADO, J AF ROBARGE, GM BENFORADO, J TI REDUCING AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT - CURRENT EPA PROGRAM AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES - AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CY JUL 22-23, 1991 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US EPA AB Successful adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the United States will hinge on identifying the potential benefits of these practices and demonstrating their feasibility within the context of agricultural economic conditions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a number of ongoing research efforts that relate to sustainable agriculture. However, these efforts have not been designed as, and do not constitute, an organized environmental/agricultural research program. New research initiatives, such as the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, are evolving towards a more integrated approach for solving environmental/agricultural problems. These efforts provide a foundation for an integrated program in sustainable agriculture research. One of the major challenges will be to work effectively with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, taking advantage of the research capabilities and strengths of each agency. RP ROBARGE, GM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TECHNOL TRANSFER & REGULATORY SUPPORT,401 M STREET SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 123 EP 140 DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_10 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JQ027 UT WOS:A1992JQ02700011 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, S AF HENDERSON, S TI PRECOLLEGE EDUCATION - A VITAL COMPONENT IF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IS TO TAKE ROOT SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CY JUL 22-23, 1991 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US EPA AB Individuals are growing increasingly concerned over the state of the environment and are aware that many of their current choices and actions will have lasting impacts on environmental health. However, the general lack of science/environmental education in the United States has resulted in a public that is poorly prepared to understand these problems and formulate effective solutions. Proponents of sustainable agriculture must recognize that the precollege school system (K-12) is an essential place to begin disseminating information that will allow individuals to understand the implications of different agricultural practices in terms of their own health, the health of their environment, and the maintenance of their food supply. Science education in the United States is undergoing reform, providing an excellent opportunity to use sustainable agriculture as a theme in teaching science. Efforts are underway to make science more relevant relevant to real world situations through the establishment of partnerships between subject matter experts and educators. Scientists, farmers, and teachers can form alliances that will enhance students' knowledge of both sustainable agriculture and science. RP HENDERSON, S (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_12 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JQ027 UT WOS:A1992JQ02700013 ER PT J AU GRANT, WB KAGANN, RH MCCLENNY, WA AF GRANT, WB KAGANN, RH MCCLENNY, WA TI OPTICAL REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF TOXIC GASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB Enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 has resulted in increased ambient air monitoring needs for industry, some of which may be met efficiently using open-path optical remote sensing techniques. These techniques include Fourier transform spectroscopy, differential optical absorption spectroscopy, laser long-path absorption, differential absorption lidar, and gas cell correlation spectroscopy. With this regulatory impetus, it is an opportune time to consider applying these technologies to the remote and/or path-averaged measurement and monitoring of toxic gases covered by the CAAA. This article reviews the optical remote sensing technology and literature for that application. C1 MDA SCI,NORCROSS,GA 30071. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GRANT, WB (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MS 401A,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 0 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC612 UT WOS:A1992HC61200007 PM 1575966 ER PT J AU WATTS, RR HOFFMAN, AJ WILKINS, MC HOUSE, DE BURTON, RM BROOKS, LR WARREN, SH AF WATTS, RR HOFFMAN, AJ WILKINS, MC HOUSE, DE BURTON, RM BROOKS, LR WARREN, SH TI EVALUATION OF HIGH-VOLUME PARTICLE SAMPLING AND SAMPLE HANDLING PROTOCOLS FOR AMBIENT URBAN AIR MUTAGENICITY DETERMINATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB An investigation of high volume particle sampling and sample handling procedures was undertaken to evaluate-variations of protocols being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These protocols are used in urban ambient air studies which collect ambient and source samples for subsequent mutagenicity analysis of the organic extracts of the aerosol fraction. Specific protocol issues investigated include: (a) duration of sampling period, (b) type of filter media used to collect air particles, (c) necessity for cryogenic field site storage and dry ice shipping of filter samples, and (d) sample handling at the receiving laboratory. Six PM10 Hi-Vol samplers were collocated at an urban site in downtown Durham, North Carolina and operated simultaneously to evaluate 12 h versus 24 h collection periods and filter media choices of glass fiber, Teflon(R) impregnated glass fiber (TIGF), and quartz fiber. Filters from the samplers plus field blanks were collected during each of 25 sampling periods. TIGF filters from two samplers were immediately placed on dry ice in the field and transported directly to cryogenic storage. TIGF, quartz, and glass fiber filters from three samplers were transported at ambient and maintained at room temperature for three to six days prior to cryogenic storage. One TIGF sample, which was collected on a previously tared filter, was subjected to controlled environment equilibration (40 percent relative humidity, 22-degrees-C) for 8 to 24 h and weighed prior to cryogenic storage. All filters were subsequently stored at -70-degrees-C to -80-degrees-C prior to a one-time extraction and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity bioassay of the entire sample set. Results indicate that the sample handling variations and collection period variables had no significant effect on recovery of organics or mutagens. However, a filter type difference was observed. The sonication extraction of organics and mutagens was significantly greater for TIGF filters than for glass fiber or quartz. Results from a second phase of study indicated differences in extracted organics and mutagens for these filter types. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WATTS, RR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC612 UT WOS:A1992HC61200011 PM 1575968 ER PT J AU BARE, JC AF BARE, JC TI EPAS RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATING TO THE DUAL-CIRCUIT AND LORENZ REFRIGERATOR FREEZERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note RP BARE, JC (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC612 UT WOS:A1992HC61200014 ER PT J AU STINSON, MK SKOVRONEK, HS ELLIS, WD AF STINSON, MK SKOVRONEK, HS ELLIS, WD TI EPA SITE DEMONSTRATION OF THE BIOTROL SOIL WASHING PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A pilot-scale soil washing process, patented by Bio Trol, Inc., was demonstrated on soil contaminated by wood treating waste, primarily pentachlorophenol (PCP) and creosote-derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although soil washing was the main object of this demonstration, the treatment train that was evaluated included two other Bio Trol technologies for treatment of waste streams from the soil washer. The three technologies were: The Bio Trol Soil Washer (BSW)-a volume reduction process, which uses water to separate contaminated soil fractions from the bulk of the soil. The Bio Trol Aqueous Treatment System (BATS)-a biological water treatment process. The Slurry Bioreactor (SBR)-a BioTrol biological slurry treatment process conducted in an EIMCO BIOLIFT(tm) reactor. The sandy soil at the site, consisting of less than 10 percent of fines, was well suited for treatment by soil washing. The soil washer was evaluated in two tests on soil samples containing 130 ppm and 680 ppm of PCP, respectively. The BSW successfully separated the feed soil (dry weight basis) into 83 percent of washed soil, 10 percent of woody residues, and 7 percent of fines. The washed soil retained about 10 percent of the feed soil contamination while 90 percent of the feed soil contamination was contained within the woody residues, fines, and process water. The soil washer achieved up to 89 percent removal of PCP and 88 percent of total PAHs, based on the difference between their levels in the as-is (wet) feed soil and the washed soil. PCP concentrations of 14 ppm and 87 ppm in the washed soil were achieved from PCP concentrations of 130 ppm and 680 ppm in the feed soil. Concentrations of total PAHs were reduced from 247 ppm to 42 ppm and 404 ppm to 48 ppm, respectively, in the two tests. The BATS degraded up to 94 percent of PCP in the process water from soil washing. PAH removal could not be determined due to low influent concentrations. The SBR achieved over 90 percent removals of PCP and 70 to 90 percent removals of PAHs from the slurry of contaminated fines from soil washing. However, steady state operation was not achieved during the single test and the results were variable. Cost of a commercial-scale soil washing, assuming use of all three technologies, was estimated to be $168 per ton of soil treated. Incineration of woody material accounts for 76 percent of the cost. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,PARAMUS,NJ 07652. RP STINSON, MK (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN,TECH SUPPORT,TECH ASSISTANCE SECT,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 96 EP 103 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC612 UT WOS:A1992HC61200016 PM 1575970 ER PT J AU HALL, BW SINGER, C JOZEWICZ, W SEDMAN, CB MAXWELL, MA AF HALL, BW SINGER, C JOZEWICZ, W SEDMAN, CB MAXWELL, MA TI CURRENT STATUS OF THE ADVOCATE PROCESS FOR FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SO2 CONTROL; SORBENTS AB The following report discusses current bench- and pilot-plant advances in preparation of ADVAnced siliCATE (ADVACATE) calcium silicate sorbents for flue gas desulfurization. It also discusses current bench- and pilot-plant advances in sorbent preparation. Fly ash was ground in a laboratory scale grinder prior to slurrying in order to decrease the slurrying time needed for the sorbent to be reactive with SO2. Reactivity of ADVACATE sorbents with SO2 in the bench-scale reactor correlated with their surface area. ADVACATE sorbents produced with ground fly ash were evaluated in the 50 cfm (85 m3/h) pilot plant providing 2 s duct residence time. ADVACATE sorbent was produced by slurrying ground fly ash (median particle size of 4.3-mu-m) with Ca(OH)2 at the weight ratio of 3.1 at 90-degrees-C (194-degrees-F) for 3 h to yield solids with 30 weight percent of initial free moisture. When this sorbent was injected into the duct with 1500 ppm SO2 and at 11-degrees-C (20-degrees-F) approach to saturation, the measured SO2 removal was approximately 60 percent at a Ca/S stoichiometric ratio of 2. Previously, when ADVACATE sorbent was produced at 90-degrees-C (194-degrees-F) and at the same fly-ash-to-Ca(OH)2 weight ratio using unground fly ash, removal under the same conditions in the duct was approximately 50 percent following 12 h slurrying. The report presents the results of pilot-scale recycle tests at the recycle ratio of 2. Finally, the report discusses future U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plans for commercialization of ADVACATE. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HALL, BW (reprint author), ACUREX CORP,DIV ENVIRONM SYST,POB 13109,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC612 UT WOS:A1992HC61200017 ER PT J AU HENRY, MC AF HENRY, MC TI SYMPOSIUM-11 - HARMONIZATION OF GUIDELINES - PRESENTED AT THE 12TH ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-COLLEGE-OF-TOXICOLOGY OCTOBER 21-23, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP HENRY, MC (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JZ576 UT WOS:A1992JZ57600003 ER PT J AU HENRY, MC AF HENRY, MC TI USEPA EFFORTS IN HARMONIZATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY TEST GUIDELINES WITH OECD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; EAR SWELLING ASSAY; CONTACT ALLERGENS; IDENTIFICATION AB The USEPA, as a member of the OECD, is involved in the review of OECD guidelines and OECD's plans for revisions. The guidelines reviewed to date include: acute oral toxicity, eye and dermal irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitization. The revisions to the guidelines have emphasized reductions in animal usage in lab testing, and refinements which reduce/eliminate pain and suffering of animals. Screening methods, such as use of structure-activity relationships and physicochemical properties of test substances, which would eliminate chemicals that did not require animal testing, or sharply reduce the number of animals required for testing, were also recommended for some guidelines. In vitro methods were also examined as screens to eliminate severely toxic chemicals, but most of these methods still require further development and validation. The proposed revisions are discussed in detail in this report. RP HENRY, MC (reprint author), US EPA,TS-796,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JZ576 UT WOS:A1992JZ57600004 ER PT J AU OHANIAN, EV AF OHANIAN, EV TI NEW APPROACHES IN SETTING DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 required that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish standards for 83 contaminants by June 1989, and at least 25 added standards by January 1991, then 25 more every three years hence. Conceptually, the regulatory process employed by EPA consists of two steps. First, a detailed health risk assessment of a contaminant is performed in order to determine the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (nonenforceable health goal) in water that should result in no known or anticipated health effects and allows adequate margin of safety. Second, the results of risk assessment and management (taking best available technology, treatment techniques, cost, and other means into consideration) are combined to derive the Maximum Contaminant Level (enforceable standard) which is set as close to the MCLG as feasible. With this overall regulatory process in mind, a detailed risk assessment process (hazard identification, dose-response assessment, human exposure assessment, and risk characterization) used in setting drinking water standards is discussed. In addition, this article discusses our efforts in exploring new and improved risk assessment methodologies addressing the mechanism of action of toxicants, relative source contribution, weight of evidence, carcinogenic potency, and toxicokinetics. RP OHANIAN, EV (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SCI TECHNOL,OFF WATER WH-586,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JZ576 UT WOS:A1992JZ57600010 ER PT J AU ZAVALETA, JO AF ZAVALETA, JO TI TOXICOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DRINKING-WATER - UNREASONABLE RISK TO HEALTH VALUES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to ensure that the water obtained from a public water supply is safe to drink. Under the SDWA, EPA establishes enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for contaminants that may have an adverse health effect and are known or anticipated to occur in water. Occasionally, public water supplies are unable to meet the MCL at the time it becomes enforceable. The SDWA allows public water supplies to apply to the State for a temporary variance or exemption from an MCL(s) as long as the concentration of the contaminant(s) exceeding the MCL(s) does not result in an unreasonable risk to human health. EPA has developed guidance to assist States in determining what level above the MCL presents an unreasonable health risk. In developing this guidance, the toxicity exhibited by each regulated contaminant is evaluated individually. Consideration is also given to the available risk assessments (short-term and long-term) for each contaminant, comparing carcinogenic risks with noncarcinogenic assessments. Other factors that may be considered on a contaminant by contaminant basis include for example, past exposure and expected duration of the variance or exemption period, population sensitivity, and volatilization of the contaminant from drinking water. RP ZAVALETA, JO (reprint author), US EPA,DRINKING WATER HLTH ASSESSMENT SECT,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JZ576 UT WOS:A1992JZ57600011 ER PT J AU KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA BLAKELY, KL WILLIAMS, BA AF KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA BLAKELY, KL WILLIAMS, BA TI HABITAT USE BY BREEDING FEMALE CALIFORNIA QUAIL IN WESTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We quantified habitat use, nest site selection, and home range sizes of female California quail (Callipepla californica) during the breeding season because the effects of human manipulations on these variables at that time were unknown. We used radio telemetry to monitor 58 hens in western Oregon from May through mid-August in 1988 (n = 31) and in 1989 (n = 27). Hens nested on roadsides more frequently (P = 0.02) than expected relative to availability and used cultivated fields less (P = 0.002) than expected. Nest sites had more (P = 0.02) bare ground and less grass (P = 0.06), shrub (P = 0.04), and vertical cover (50-75 cm) (P = 0.005) than random locations. During 4 phases of the breeding season, mean home range size varied from 4 to 22 ha and was smallest (P = 0.0003) during incubation. Habitat manipulations that promoted key quail foods also may enhance quail productivity by increasing amounts of early successional stages used as nesting cover. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.2307/3808794 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA HA129 UT WOS:A1992HA12900010 ER PT J AU GARDNER, GR PRUELL, RJ MALCOLM, AR AF GARDNER, GR PRUELL, RJ MALCOLM, AR TI CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF TUMORS IN OYSTERS BY A MIXTURE OF AROMATIC AND CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, AMINES AND METALS SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT AB Tumors were induced in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, an aromatic amine, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, a nitrosoamine and heavy metals. Kidney and enteric tumors developed in oysters following exposure to a mixture containing 3,4-benzopyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 2-aminofluorene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, technical chlordane, Aroclors 1242 and 1254, p,p'-DDE, cadmium (CdCl2), chromium (K2CrO4) and lead (Pb(NO3)2). The chemical concentrations added to a reference sediment from Long Island Sound were 1 x and 10 x the measured level in sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Connecticut (normalized for total organic carbon and acid volatile sulfide content for organic and inorganic compounds, respectively). 2-Aminoflourene and N-nitrosodiethylamine, not measured in BRH sediment, were both added at 0.6 and 6.0 mug/g dry sediment. A 3% prevalence of low-grade renal and gastrointestinal tumors developed after 30 days in oysters fed water-column suspended sediment particulate spiked with the mixture of chemicals. Disease progression was most advanced in enteric adenomas. Both types are comparable to those produced after 30 days in the same organs by chemically contaminated Black Rock Harbor sediment. The action of chemical pollutants reported here represents initial findings in a series of studies designed to test sediment contaminants as causal factors for tumors in oysters. RP GARDNER, GR (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90083-X PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KB005 UT WOS:A1992KB00500011 ER PT J AU ELSKUS, AA PRUELL, R STEGEMAN, JJ AF ELSKUS, AA PRUELL, R STEGEMAN, JJ TI ENDOGENOUSLY-MEDIATED, PRETRANSLATIONAL SUPPRESSION OF CYTOCHROME-P4501A IN PCB-CONTAMINATED FLOUNDER SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST ID MONOOXYGENASE; EXPRESSION; LIVER AB Gonadally mature fish display strong sex-related differences in the content and activity of P4501A, the major polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible P4.50 form in teleosts. Such differences appear related to plasma levels of the female sex steroid, estradiol (E2); however, neither the mechanism of estradiol suppression of P4501A nor the capacity for hormonal regulation to overcome P4501A induction by high concentrations of potent inducers are known. Gonadally mature flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) were collected from Fox Island (FI), Rhode Island, a reference site, and New Bedford Harbor (NB), Massachusetts, a site highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Differences in flounder P4501A expression were determined al the level of P4501A catalytic activity (measured as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD), P4501A protein content (immunoquantitated), and P4501A mRNA content (by Northern blot) as they relate to sex, reproductive status, and hepatic PCB content. Our results confirm that suppression of P4501A in gonadally mature female fish is probably due, at least in part, to elevated E2 titers, and demonstrate that such suppression occurs at a pretranslational level and, further, that endogenous regulation of P4501A expression can 'override' exogenous regulation by even high concentrations of P4501A inducers. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. US EPA,ERLN,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. BOSTON UNIV,MARINE PROGRAM,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 14 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90090-9 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KB005 UT WOS:A1992KB00500018 ER PT J AU LAKE, JL PRUELL, RJ OSTERMAN, FA AF LAKE, JL PRUELL, RJ OSTERMAN, FA TI AN EXAMINATION OF DECHLORINATION PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS IN NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR SEDIMENTS SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Estuarine sediments from upper New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, which were heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), showed considerable compositional alterations of PCB residues relative to mixtures of Aroclor 1242 and 1254 standards, and PCB distributions present in sediments from lower New Bedford Harbor and Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut. The compositional alterations, which presumably resulted from reductive dechlorinations by bacteria, became more extensive with increasing PCB concentration and decreasing distance from the suspected PCB source, an electrical capacitor manufacturing plant. Three pathways which removed chlorine substituents from specific locations on PCB molecules were responsible for most of the observed dechlorinations. Considerable differences were found in the extent of dechlorination within sediment cores and between sampling sites in upper New Harbor. The most extensively altered PCB distribution was found in the 15-17.5 cm deep section of a core from nearest to the plant's outfall. In most cores, less altered PCB residues were found in the 0-2.5 and 5-7.5 cm core sections than in the 15-7.5 cm section. Large variations in estimates of dechlorination rates were found, depending on the sample and the congener. The dechlorination processes found may decrease the potential toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of the PCB residues in these sediments. RP LAKE, JL (reprint author), US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90004-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA HT091 UT WOS:A1992HT09100003 ER PT J AU NACCI, D NELSON, S NELSON, W JACKIM, E AF NACCI, D NELSON, S NELSON, W JACKIM, E TI APPLICATION OF THE DNA ALKALINE UNWINDING ASSAY TO DETECT DNA STRAND BREAKS IN MARINE BIVALVES SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DAMAGE; QUANTITATION; SEPARATION; RADIATION AB DNA alkaline unwinding methods were used to detect DNA strand breaks in tissues of marine bivalves following field and laboratory exposures and subsequent recoveries in the laboratory. Field deployments of mussels (Mytilus edulis) or oysters (Crassostrea virginica) into two highly contaminated urban estuaries (New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, and Elizabeth River, Virginia, respectively) resulted in significantly increased DNA strand breaks in gill tissues. DNA strand breaks did not persist in tissues from oysters that were deployed in the Elizabeth River and then allowed to recover in the laboratory for 7-10 days. Laboratory studies were conducted to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA unwinding method to defect DNA strand breaks in bivalve tissues. Increased DNA strand breaks resulted from acute exposures to sublethal concentrations of the genotoxic agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, but were not persistent for RP NACCI, D (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 33 IS 2 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90134-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA HV868 UT WOS:A1992HV86800001 ER PT J AU CHAMP, MA FLEMER, DA LANDERS, DH RIBIC, C DELACA, T AF CHAMP, MA FLEMER, DA LANDERS, DH RIBIC, C DELACA, T TI THE ROLES OF MONITORING AND RESEARCH IN POLAR ENVIRONMENTS - A PERSPECTIVE SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, ARCTIC CONTAMINANTS PROGRAM, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. UNIV ALASKA, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, GEOCHEM & ENVIRONM RES GRP, POB 2439, FALLS CHURCH, VA 22042 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 9-12 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90672-S PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX531 UT WOS:A1992KX53100002 ER PT J AU LINDQVIST, R ENFIELD, CG AF LINDQVIST, R ENFIELD, CG TI CELL-DENSITY AND NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION EFFECTS ON BACTERIAL DISPERSAL IN GROUNDWATER MICROCOSMS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; VIRUS TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; FILTRATION; ATTACHMENT; PARTICLES; COLUMNS AB The relative importance of dispersion, physical straining, non-equilibrium sorption, and cell density on the dispersal of bacteria was examined in saturated, flow-dynamic sand columns. The bacterial breakthrough as a result of different size distributions of sand particles was followed by measuring the effluent concentration of H-3-adenosine-labelled cells of a Bacillus sp. and an Enterobacter sp. strain suspended in groundwater. The breakthrough curves were compared with theoretical curves predicted from an advective-dispersive equilibrium sorption model (ADS), an ADS model with a first order sink term for irreversible cell reactions, a two-site model (equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption sites), and a filtration model. Bacterial sand: water isotherms were linear in the experimental concentration range but had positive intercepts. The partition coefficients ranged from 15 to 0.4 for the Bacillus sp., and 120 to 0.4 for a Pseudomonas sp., and decreased with increasing particle size of the dominant fraction. In a kinetic study, the partition coefficient for the Enterobacter sp. in the smaller particle sand was 63 after one hour, but had decreased to 9 after 19 hours. Bacteria were detected in the effluent after one pore volume, which was earlier than predicted by the sand: water partition coefficients, and displayed an apparent nonequilibrium breakthrough. Dispersion effects and physical straining appeared to be insignificant in the experiments, but tailing of the elution part of the curves indicated slow reversible sorption, and nonequilibrium sorption may have been the main determinant of dispersal retardation. The reversible non-equilibrium sorption invalidated some of the assumptions behind all models except, possibly, the two-site model. Consequently, the models described the large particle sand data better where sorption was of less importance for the dispersal. The dispersal retardation was also affected by the bacterial cell density, both in the pore water and on the sand, suggesting that population characteristics may be an important factor for the bacterial distribution between the water and sand habitats. The retardation factor decreased from 13.7 to 7.8 when the cell density in the loading solution was increased from 3 x 10(8) to 1.2 x 10(9) cells ml-1. Presaturation of the sand with bacteria had a similar effect. C1 US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RICE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77251. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA JK459 UT WOS:A1992JK45900003 PM 24193037 ER PT B AU RODONNAVEIRA, M CHAMP, MA AF RODONNAVEIRA, M CHAMP, MA GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI AN APPROACH FOR ECOLOGICAL MONITORING IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00038 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J CLAXTON, LD ROSENKRANZ, HS SCHUETZLE, D SHELBY, M MATSUSHITA, H WURGLER, FE ZIMMERMANN, FK LOFROTH, G MAY, WE KREWSKI, D MATSUSHIMA, T OHNISHI, Y GOPALAN, HNG SARIN, R BECKING, GC AF LEWTAS, J CLAXTON, LD ROSENKRANZ, HS SCHUETZLE, D SHELBY, M MATSUSHITA, H WURGLER, FE ZIMMERMANN, FK LOFROTH, G MAY, WE KREWSKI, D MATSUSHIMA, T OHNISHI, Y GOPALAN, HNG SARIN, R BECKING, GC TI DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF THE MUTAGENICITY OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COMPLEX MIXTURES; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; AMES TEST; ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES; COLLABORATIVE STUDY; INTERLABORATORY VARIABILITY AB In 1987, the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. NIST) initiated an international collaborative study of the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium mutation assay. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the extraction of mixtures for bioassay, (2) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the Salmonella typhimurium bioassay when applied to complex mixtures, and (3) to determine whether standard reference complex mixtures would be useful in mutagenicity studies and to evaluate whether reference or certified mutagenicity values determined from this collaborative study should be reported. The complex mixtures used in this study were selected from standard reference materials (SRMs) which had previously been issued by the U.S. NIST as SRM 1597 (coal tar), SRM 1649 (diesel particulate matter) and SRM 1650 (urban air particulate matter) with certified values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These SRM complex mixtures are available to scientists as reference standards for analytical chemistry research and are under consideration as SRMs for mutagenicity studies of complex environmental mixtures. This paper briefly describes the final study design, protocol, selection of the complex mixtures, and implementation of this international study. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,MINATO KU,TOKYO 108,JAPAN. NORD SCH PUBL HLTH,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL ENVIRONM ENGN RES INST,NAGPUR,INDIA. WHO,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,INTERREG RES UNIT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. FORD MOTOR CO,SCI RES LAB,DEARBORN,MI 48121. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV ZURICH,SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,CH-8603 SCHWERZENBACH,SWITZERLAND. TH DARMSTADT,INST MIKROBIOL,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. HLTH & WELF CANADA,ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TOKYO,INST MED SCI,DEPT MOLEC ONCOL,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT BOT,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90051-A PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900002 PM 1370107 ER PT J AU MAY, WE BENNER, BA WISE, SA SCHUETZLE, D LEWTAS, J AF MAY, WE BENNER, BA WISE, SA SCHUETZLE, D LEWTAS, J TI STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; AIR PARTICLES; DIESEL PARTICLES; COAL TAR; SALMONELLA BIOASSAY; COMPLEX MIXTURES; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES; EXTRACTION OF SOLID SAMPLES ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR PARTICULATE MATTER; EXTRACTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION; DETECTOR; INDEXES AB Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are often used in methods development and interlaboratory comparison studies since they are homogeneous and readily available to the scientific community. SRM 1649 (urban dust/organics), SRM 1650 (diesel particulate matter), and SRM 1597 (complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar) are three environmental samples which have been used by the scientific community for these purposes. These SRMs were originally developed to assist laboratories in validating analytical procedures for the determination of polycyclic organic compounds in complex mixtures. In addition, these SRMs have been valuable for the comparison of methodologies for bacterial bioassays and the development of bioassay-directed fractionation and bioassay-directed chemical analysis techniques. Most recently these SRMs were chosen for use as test samples in a collaborative study coordinated by the World Health Organization - International Programme on Chemical Safety. This paper provides a of much of the work to date (published and unpublished) on the chemical and biological characterization of these three SRMs. Information regarding the availability of other NIST SRMs that might be useful for these types of studies are provided also. C1 FORD MOTOR CO,DEPT ANALYT SCI,DEARBORN,MI 48121. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MAY, WE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90052-B PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900003 PM 1370101 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD CREASON, J LEROUX, B AGURELL, E BAGLEY, S BRYANT, DW COURTOIS, YA DOUGLAS, G CLARE, CB GOTO, S QUILLARDET, P JAGANNATH, DR KATAOKA, K MOHN, G NIELSEN, PA ONG, T PEDERSON, TC SHIMIZU, H NYLUND, L TOKIWA, H VINK, GJ WANG, Y WARSHAWSKY, D AF CLAXTON, LD CREASON, J LEROUX, B AGURELL, E BAGLEY, S BRYANT, DW COURTOIS, YA DOUGLAS, G CLARE, CB GOTO, S QUILLARDET, P JAGANNATH, DR KATAOKA, K MOHN, G NIELSEN, PA ONG, T PEDERSON, TC SHIMIZU, H NYLUND, L TOKIWA, H VINK, GJ WANG, Y WARSHAWSKY, D TI RESULTS OF THE IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY ON COMPLEX-MIXTURES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COMPLEX MIXTURES; IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY; RESULTS; BENZO[ALPHA]PYRENE; 1-NITROPYRENE ID MUTAGENICITY AB The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) sponsored a collaborative study to examine the intra- and inter-laboratory variation associated with the preparation and bioassay of complex chemical mixtures. The mixtures selected were National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). 20 laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative trial. The participating laboratories extracted the organic portion of two particulate samples - an air-particulate sample and a diesel-particulate sample - and bioassayed the extracts. The laboratories simultaneously bioassayed a NIST-prepared extract of coal tar and two control compounds (benzo[a]pyrene, and 1-nitropyrene). The bioassay method used was the Salmonella/mammalian microsome plate-incorporation test using strains TA98 and TA100. Study design also allowed for a comparison of sonication and Soxhlet extraction techniques. The mean extractable masses for the air particles and diesel particles were approximately 5% and 17.5%, respectively. The particulate samples were mutagenic in both strains with and without activation in all 20 laboratories. For TA100 the with and without activation slope values for the air particulate were 162 and 137 revertants per mg particles, respectively. For TA98 the respective diesel slope values were 268 and 269. The mutagenicity slope values for the diesel particles ranged from 3090 (TA98, + S9) to 6697 (TA100, + S9) revertants per mg particles. The coal tar solution was negative for both strains when exogenous activation was not used but was mutagenic in both strains with exogenous activation. The benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene were used as positive controls and gave results consistent with the literature. This paper provides a complete summary of the data collected during the collaborative study. Companion papers provide further analysis and interpretation of the results. C1 LAB HYG PARIS,PARIS,FRANCE. HAZELTON MICROTEST,YORK,ENGLAND. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,TOKYO,JAPAN. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. DANISH NATL FOOD AGCY,SOBORG,DENMARK. FUKUOKA ENVIRONM RES CTR,FUKUOKA,JAPAN. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA. HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV STOCKHOLM,S-11346 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MCMASTER UNIV,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. INST PASTEUR,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. GM CORP,RES LABS,WARREN,MI 48090. JIKEI UNIV,SCH MED,TOKYO 105,JAPAN. INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SF-00290 HELSINKI 29,FINLAND. TNO,DIV TECHNOL SOC,DELFT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Quillardet, Philippe/D-6747-2010; Leroux, Brian/H-2254-2015; OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 9 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90053-C PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900004 PM 1370106 ER PT J AU KREWSKI, D LEROUX, BG CREASON, J CLAXTON, L AF KREWSKI, D LEROUX, BG CREASON, J CLAXTON, L TI SOURCES OF VARIATION IN THE MUTAGENIC POTENCY OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL-MIXTURES BASED ON THE SALMONELLA MICROSOME ASSAY SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE IPCS COLLABORATIVE TRIAL; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; INTERLABORATORY VARIATION; INTRALABORATORY VARIATION; SONICATION EXTRACTION; SOXHLET EXTRACTION ID AMES TEST DATA; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; GENETIC DRIFT; TYPHIMURIUM; STRAINS; REPRODUCIBILITY; VARIABILITY; PROTOCOL AB Twenty laboratories worldwide participated in a collaborative trial sponsored by the International Programme on Chemical Safety on the mutagenicity of complex mixtures as expressed in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology provided homogeneous reference samples of urban air and diesel particles and a coal tar solution to each participating laboratory, along with samples of benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene which served as positive controls. Mutagenic potency was characterized by the slope of the initial linear component of the dose-response curve. Analysis of variance revealed significant interlaboratory variation in mutagenic potency, which accounted for 57-96% of the total variance on a logarithmic scale, depending on the sample, strain and activation conditions. Variation among replicate extractions of organic material (required for the air and diesel particles) and among replicate bioassays within the same laboratory was also appreciable. The average potencies for air and diesel particles in laboratories using Soxhlet extracts were not significantly different from those in laboratories using sonication, although there was larger interlaboratory variation for the Soxhlet method. Repeatability (which approximates the coefficient of variation within laboratories) ranged from 18 to 40% for air and diesel particles extracted using sonication, depending on the strain and activation conditions. Repeatability of Soxhlet-extracted air and diesel particles, however, ranged from about 37 to 89% including outliers and from about 11 to 31% excluding outliers. Repeatability of the coal tar sample and the 2 positive controls was in the range 18-34%. Reproducibility (which approximates the coefficient of variation between laboratories) was generally at least twice repeatability, and exceeded 100% for Soxhlet-extracted air and diesel particles, as well as 1-nitropyrene. Reanalysis of the data omitting observations of more than 1500 revertants/plate generally had little effect on these results. Elimination of outlying observations had limited impact, with the exception of Soxhlet-extracted air and diesel particles. In this case, reproducibility of bioassay results was notably improved, due largely to the omission of results for replicate extractions which varied more than 5-fold within one laboratory. Normalization of the log potency slopes for the mixtures by the corresponding slopes for benzo[a]pyrene tended to reduce this variation, although variation was increased after normalization by 1-nitropyrene. Adjustment for the percentage of organic matter extracted from the air and diesel particulate samples had little effect on variation for sonication-extracted particles, whereas variation was reduced for diesel particles and increased for air particles for Soxhlet. C1 CARLETON UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OTTAWA K1S 5B6,ONTARIO,CANADA. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KREWSKI, D (reprint author), HLTH & WELF CANADA,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,TUNNEYS PASTURE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Leroux, Brian/H-2254-2015; OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90054-D PG 27 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900005 PM 1370108 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD DOUGLAS, G KREWSKI, D LEWTAS, J MATSUSHITA, H ROSENKRANZ, H AF CLAXTON, LD DOUGLAS, G KREWSKI, D LEWTAS, J MATSUSHITA, H ROSENKRANZ, H TI OVERVIEW, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY ON COMPLEX-MIXTURES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COMPLEX MIXTURES; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; REFERENCE VALUES; INTERLABORATORY STUDY; NORMALIZATION ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MUTAGENICITY TEST; AMES TEST; ASSAY; REPRODUCIBILITY; STABILITY; CHEMICALS; PROTOCOL; STRAINS; LIGHT AB The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) sponsored an international collaborative study to examine the variability associated with the extraction and bioassay of standard reference materials (SRMs) that are complex environmental mixtures provided by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The study was also intended to evaluate the feasibility of establishing bioassay reference values and ranges for the SRMs. Twenty laboratories from North America, Europe, and Japan participated in the study. As part of the mandatory core protocol, each laboratory extracted the organic material from two particulate samples and bioassayed these extracts. A coal tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) solution and two mutagenic control compounds were also subjected to bioassay without prior extraction by the participating laboratories. The bioassay used was the Salmonella/microsomal plate incorporation assay. For the optional portion of the study, a laboratory was free to use the SRMs for any type of exploratory research. The primary purpose of the required portion of the study was to estimate the intra- and inter-laboratory variability in mutagenic potencies of the test materials and to determine whether or not the NIST mixtures could be used as reference materials by others performing the Salmonella assay. Repeatability (intra-laboratory variance) of the bioassay results ranged from 16% to 88% depending on the SRM and the bioassay conditions (tester strain and metabolic activation), whereas reproducibility (inter-laboratory variance) ranged from 33% to 152%. Between-laboratory variability was the main source of variation accounting for approximately 55-95% of the total variation for the three environmental samples. Variation in the mutagenic potency of the control compounds was comparable, with the exception of 1-nitropyrene for which the reproducibility ranged from 127% to 132%. In summary, NIST SRMs provided useful materials for an international inter-laboratory study of complex mixtures. By establishing both intra-and inter-laboratory variance for the mutagenicity results for these materials, the usefulness of these SRMs as reference materials for the Salmonella bioassay was established, critical procedures within the bioassay protocol were identified, and recommendations for future efforts were delineated. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,TOKYO,JAPAN. HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90055-E PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900006 PM 1370109 ER PT B AU MILLER, DB LUEBKE, RW REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB LUEBKE, RW REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP BE LANGSTON, JW YOUNG, A TI THE NEUROTOXICANT 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) ALTERS IMMUNE FUNCTION WHEN GIVEN IN COMBINATION WITH DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (DDC) SO NEUROTOXINS AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON NEUROTOXINS AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLES IN NEURODEGENERATION CY MAY 06-08, 1991 CL NEW YORK, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, NINDS, ICI, PHARM GRP, CIBA GEIGY, GLAXO RES LABS, DUPONT CO, FISONS PHARM, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, JOHNSON & JOHNSON, LILLY RES LABS RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG ND-89-4] NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-696-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 648 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24565.x PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Pathology; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Toxicology GA BW41P UT WOS:A1992BW41P00050 PM 1353332 ER PT B AU EBERLE, S AF EBERLE, S GP PLAST INST AMER TI ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN CONSTRUCTION SO PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION: 1992 CONSTRUCTIONPLAS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Constructionplas Conference - Plastics in Construction CY OCT 20-22, 1992 CL MCLEAN, VA SP PLAST INST AMER C1 US EPA,DIV INDOOR AIR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLASTICS INST AMER PI FAIRFIELD PA 277 FAIRFIELD RD SUITE 100, FAIRFIELD, NJ 07004-1932 PY 1992 BP 78 EP 89 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BC42B UT WOS:A1992BC42B00005 ER PT B AU BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ AF BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ BE BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ TI POLLUTION PREVENTION - THE NEW ENVIRONMENTAL ETHIC SO POLLUTION PREVENTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES: THE ROLE OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON POLLUTION PREVENTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP BREEN, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2478-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 2 EP 12 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BW92M UT WOS:A1992BW92M00001 ER PT B AU NEWBURGRINN, SD AF NEWBURGRINN, SD BE BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ TI RIGHT-TO-KNOW AND POLLUTION-PREVENTION LEGISLATION - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE CHEMIST SO POLLUTION PREVENTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES: THE ROLE OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON POLLUTION PREVENTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP NEWBURGRINN, SD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,PUB DATA BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2478-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 508 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BW92M UT WOS:A1992BW92M00003 ER PT J AU UTILI, R TRIPODI, MF ABERNATHY, CO ZIMMERMAN, HJ GILLESPIE, J AF UTILI, R TRIPODI, MF ABERNATHY, CO ZIMMERMAN, HJ GILLESPIE, J TI EFFECTS OF BILE-SALT INFUSION ON CHLORPROMAZINE-INDUCED CHOLESTASIS IN THE ISOLATED PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ATPASE ACTIVITY; HYDROCHLORIDE; METABOLITES; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE; ENDOTOXIN; FLUIDITY AB The present study has demonstrated that tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC), but not taurocholate, can reverse chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestasis in the isolated perfused rat liver. At an infusion rate of 1.5-mu-mol/min, TUDC led to restoration of bile flow in the perfused rat liver made cholestatic by the addition of 250-mu-M CPZ. This reversal was accompanied by an increased excretion of CPZ and its metabolites. A higher infusion rate of 5.0-mu-mol TUDC/min, however, led to only a transient increase in bile flow and to no increase in CPZ excretion. In contrast to the effects of TUDC, infusion of taurocholate led to an exacerbation of CPZ-induced cholestasis. The differences in the efficacy of the two bile salts may be due to their relative detergent (hydrophobic) properties. C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH WH586,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NAPLES UNIV,INST MED THERAPY,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. VET ADM MED CTR,LIVER RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20422. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 199 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW106 UT WOS:A1992GW10600007 PM 1728036 ER PT J AU ABERNATHY, CO ZIMMERMAN, HJ ISHAK, KG UTILI, R GILLESPIE, J AF ABERNATHY, CO ZIMMERMAN, HJ ISHAK, KG UTILI, R GILLESPIE, J TI DRUG-INDUCED CHOLESTASIS IN THE PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER AND ITS REVERSAL BY TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLATE - AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL-STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE AB Chlorpromazine at a concentration of 250-mu-M and estradiol-17-beta-D-glucuronide at 17.5-mu-M on infusion led to a sharp reduction in bile flow by the in vitro perfused rat liver. This was accompanied by fragmentation and a loss of canalicular microvilli, dilatation of canaliculi, and thickening of pericanalicular ectoplasm. Less prominent were the smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, lysosomal lamination, and the appearance of amorphous bile in hepatocyte cytoplasm. The bile flow and electron microscopy appearance were restored to normal by infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate in a concentration of 5-mu-mol/min for the estradiol-17-beta-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis and 1.5-mu-mol/min for the chlorpromazine-induced cholestasis. Changes in ultrastructure paralleled changes in bile flow. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of electron microscopy studies on the perfused liver, and the rapidity with which cholestatic changes appear. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,LIVER RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20422. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT HEPAT & GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NAPLES UNIV,INST MED THERAPY,I-800135 NAPLES,ITALY. RP ABERNATHY, CO (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH WH586,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 199 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW106 UT WOS:A1992GW10600008 PM 1728037 ER PT J AU SENSINTAFFAR, EL CHAMBLESS, DA GRAY, DJ WINDHAM, ST AF SENSINTAFFAR, EL CHAMBLESS, DA GRAY, DJ WINDHAM, ST TI ANALYSIS OF ERROR AND MINIMUM DETECTION LIMITS FOR RN-222 MEASUREMENTS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ( NRE 5 ) CY SEP 22-28, 1991 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA AB Charcoal canisters have come into widespread use for screening measurements of Rn-222, especially in residences, and public and commercial buildings. Although measurements made by the canister method are not of laboratory-grade accuracy, the method is none the less very attractive for a number of uses such as those cited above. For this reason, it is quite important to make a realistic assessment of the error inherent in this methodology and its associated detection limits. This paper reports on recent efforts made at the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in this regard. An important finding in this work is that both the total error and the minimum detectable level rapidly reach unacceptable levels when the diffusion barrier charcoal canister is exposed for less than 2 d. In fact, the results of the theoretical investigations reported herein indicate that the 7 d exposure period advocated by the NAREL is nearly optimum. RP SENSINTAFFAR, EL (reprint author), US EPA,NATL AIR & RADIAT ENVIRONM LAB,1504 AVE A,MONTGOMERY,AL 36115, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-4 SU S BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LA673 UT WOS:A1992LA67300006 ER PT J AU SMITH, JM POPPELL, SW SINGLETARY, HM CLARK, AP SHUE, SL AF SMITH, JM POPPELL, SW SINGLETARY, HM CLARK, AP SHUE, SL TI A SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL RADON MEASUREMENT PROFICIENCY PROGRAM AND ASSOCIATED TEST FACILITIES SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ( NRE 5 ) CY SEP 22-28, 1991 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA AB During 1986, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Radiation Programs initiated the National Radon Measurement Proficiency Program (RMPP). Through this programme, participants can voluntarily demonstrate their ability to measure radon and/or radon decay products (RDP) by testing their detection devices in an EPA radon chamber. This article summarises the administrative structure of the RMPP, describes the typical test chambers used to expose the participant detectors and discusses results for test rounds three to six. RP SMITH, JM (reprint author), US EPA,1504 AVE A,MONTGOMERY,AL 36115, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-4 SU S BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LA673 UT WOS:A1992LA67300013 ER PT J AU MARCINOWSKI, F AF MARCINOWSKI, F TI NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF RESIDENTIAL RADON LEVELS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ( NRE 5 ) CY SEP 22-28, 1991 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Residential Radon Survey (NRRS) is the first comprehensive effort to estimate the frequency distribution of average annual radon concentrations in Occupied housing units across the 50 United States. A stratified three-stage area probability sample was used to randomly select approximately 11,000 homes from 125 counties nationwide. Two to four alpha track detectors were placed in approximately 7 1 00 eligible homes for a period of 1 year. A 22 page questionnaire gathered information on occupant living patterns, smoking habits, house construction, weather-proofing, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) characteristics. The results indicate that the arithmetical average annual radon concentration in US housing units is 46 +/- 2 Bq.m-3 (1.25 +/- 0.06 pCi.l-1) with a median value of 25 Bq.m-3 (0.67 pCi.l-1). Based on the empirical evidence, 6.01 +/- 0.68% of housing units exceed the US EPA Action Level of 150 Bq.m3 (4 pCi.l-1). This translates into approximately 6,000,000 US housing units exceeding the Action Level. RP MARCINOWSKI, F (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST,SW ANR-464,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-4 SU S BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LA673 UT WOS:A1992LA67300089 ER PT J AU MOSLEY, RB AF MOSLEY, RB TI MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE SUBSLAB DEPRESSURIZATION (ASD) SYSTEMS ON AIR-FLOWS IN SUBSLAB AGGREGATE BEDS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ( NRE 5 ) CY SEP 22-28, 1991 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA AB A simple model is presented that allows the pressure difference in a subslab aggregate layer to be estimated as a function of radial distance from the central suction point of an active subslab depressurisation (ASD) system by knowing the average size, thickness, porosity, and permeability of the aggregate along with the total flow rate. The flow regimes may span the range from fully developed turbulence, through the transition, to Darcian flow. RP MOSLEY, RB (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-4 SU S BP 435 EP 437 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LA673 UT WOS:A1992LA67300092 ER PT J AU OGE, M AF OGE, M TI OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY RADON ACTION PROGRAM SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ( NRE 5 ) CY SEP 22-28, 1991 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA AB In late 1984, the discovery of extremely high levels of indoor radon in the northeastern United States thrust radon into the national spotlight as a major public health problem. This discovery created an emergency situation in which there was, on one hand, an immediate public demand for information and technical assistance, but on the other, an inadequate infrastructure within government and private sectors capable of responding to the problem. Therefore, unlike the radon programme of many European countries, the US radon programme stressed response from the outset without having first completed an extensive research programme. The US programme is further distinguished from its European counterparts by placing the responsibility for radon testing and mitigation squarely on the home owner. The US strategy has been to inform and enable the public to voluntarily take action to reduce its risks from indoor radon exposure. Consistent with this strategy, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated a number of major activities since 1985 that have increased the public's awareness of the problem and provided citizens with the necessary resources to reduce risks. While significant progress has been made, remaining apathy has limited the extent of the public's response. Overcoming this apathy has presented a major challenge, one that EPA has addressed by communicating directly with home owners presented as consumers while balancing the needs and expectations of scientists and politicians who are accustomed to solving environmental problems through regulations. RP OGE, M (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-4 SU S BP 751 EP 757 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LA673 UT WOS:A1992LA67300160 ER PT J AU GUIMOND, RJ PAGE, SD AF GUIMOND, RJ PAGE, SD TI INDOOR RADON - A CASE-STUDY IN RISK COMMUNICATION SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON RADON 2000 CY MAR 26-27, 1992 CL LONDON, ENGLAND AB The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that there will be more cancer deaths due to radon exposure than cancer deaths caused by any other source of environmental pollution. Yet, just as radon is one of the nation's most serious health problems, it is also one of the easiest for people to avoid. Why then do people choose to tolerate the substantial risks posed by radon while taking action to reduce other risks that are not as great? The EPA has conducted extensive risk communication research to better understand how the public interprets and responds to radon information. The major findings include: denial of the threat is the key to inaction; persuasive appeals, such as concern for the family, are the key to overcoming denial. Information materials should be prescriptive, not simply informative, and should emphasise solutions to radon problems. RP GUIMOND, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JV752 UT WOS:A1992JV75200006 ER PT J AU WALKER, JT AF WALKER, JT TI A MATHEMATICAL-DESCRIPTION OF THE POSTNATAL-GROWTH OF JAPANESE REFERENCE HUMANS .1. THE LUNGS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON AGE-DEPENDENT FACTORS IN THE BIOKINETICS AND DOSIMETRY OF RADIONUCLIDES CY NOV 05-08, 1991 CL SCHLOSS ELMAU, GERMANY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, EUROPEAN LATE EFFECTS PROJECT GRP AB This paper is part of a continuous effort towards developing empirical growth models that dosimetrists can use for improving radiation dose and risk estimates to humans. The approach here fits an exponential-logistic additive (ELA) growth model, containing six parameters, to Japanese lung mass data using a weighted non-linear least squares technique: M(X) = a0 + a1 [1 - exp(-kX)] + a2/{1 + exp[-k0(X-a3)]} M(X) represents the total lung mass at chronological age X, in months after birth, and a0, k, a1, a2, a3, and k0 are model parameters. The results are shown to fit the data quite well, in that most empirical predictions fall within ten per cent of the observed values. The results also show that left and right lungs grow differently. Right lungs have larger mature masses and different specific growth rates compared with left lungs. Gender differences are also apparent. Male lungs attain a higher pubertal peak velocity (PPV) and adult mass size than female lungs, although the latter reach a PPV and adult size first. Furthermore, the model shows that lung growth rates in infants are two to three orders of magnitude higher than those in mature adults. The implications of these results are discussed. RP WALKER, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2-4 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JE773 UT WOS:A1992JE77300028 ER PT J AU GRANGE, AH BRUMLEY, WC AF GRANGE, AH BRUMLEY, WC TI PLOTTING MASS-PEAK PROFILES FROM SELECTED-ION RECORDING DATA SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Plotting of mass peak profiles at high mass resolution for chromatographic peaks of low ion abundance is possible from single-ion monitoring data due to the high sensitivity and low cycle time for single-ion monitoring. The mass profiles provide accurate masses, document mass resolution at a mass as a chromatographic peak elutes and provide relative abundances for two ions at the same nominal mass. A personal computer is used to plot the mass peak profiles. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP GRANGE, AH (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,1050 E FLAMINGO RD 120,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290060114 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GZ130 UT WOS:A1992GZ13000013 ER PT J AU CHAPIN, RE FILLER, RS GULATI, D HEINDEL, JJ KATZ, DF MEBUS, CA OBASAJU, F PERREAULT, SD RUSSELL, SR SCHRADER, S SLOTT, V SOKOL, RZ TOTH, G AF CHAPIN, RE FILLER, RS GULATI, D HEINDEL, JJ KATZ, DF MEBUS, CA OBASAJU, F PERREAULT, SD RUSSELL, SR SCHRADER, S SLOTT, V SOKOL, RZ TOTH, G TI METHODS FOR ASSESSING RAT SPERM MOTILITY SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTERIZED SEMEN ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS; SPERMATOZOA; EXPOSURE; ALBUMIN; SYSTEM; TIME AB Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems are becoming more widely used. With this spread of technology come more data from toxicology studies, designed to determine if treatment with putative toxicants affects sperm motion parameters. While these CASA methods provide us with more ways to evaluate toxicity and thus perhaps increase our chances of successfully protecting human health, there is also a greater likelihood that different laboratories will use different methods of collecting data on sperm motility. Different systems used with different methods in different laboratories will inevitably generate data that are difficult to compare. In a prospective attempt to address this issue of comparability and limit the problems, a group of individuals using CASA systems to analyze rat sperm motility convened to discuss methodologic issues, share data, and try to reach a consensus about methods for performing these studies. This article shares those meetings and data in the hope that common methods will enhance interlaboratory comparisons. C1 AMER CYNAMID CO,DIV MED RES,PEARL RIVER,NY. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,LEXINGTON,KY. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. DUPONT CO,HASKELL LABS,NEWARK,DE. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES CTY HARBOR MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,TORRANCE,CA 90509. ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,CINCINNATI,OH. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP CHAPIN, RE (reprint author), NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90183-T PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA HV379 UT WOS:A1992HV37900010 PM 1591485 ER PT J AU SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE CLEGG, ED DAVIS, RO FOURCROY, JL KATZ, DF ROTHMANN, SA TOTH, G TURNER, TW ZINAMAN, M AF SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE CLEGG, ED DAVIS, RO FOURCROY, JL KATZ, DF ROTHMANN, SA TOTH, G TURNER, TW ZINAMAN, M TI LABORATORY METHODS FOR ASSESSING HUMAN SEMEN IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES - A CONSENSUS REPORT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPERM MOTILITY; INVITRO; WORKERS; MOTION C1 NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,ANDROL LAB,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,SPERM BANK,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP SCHRADER, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,MS-C23,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90184-U PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA HV379 UT WOS:A1992HV37900011 PM 1591486 ER PT J AU LINDER, RE STRADER, LF SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD AF LINDER, RE STRADER, LF SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD TI END-POINTS OF SPERMATOTOXICITY IN THE RAT AFTER SHORT DURATION EXPOSURES TO 14 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPERMATOTOXICITY; ACUTE; RAT; TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; HISTOLOGY; MOTILITY; MORPHOLOGY ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; LONG-TERM SEQUELAE; SPERM MOTILITY; BORIC-ACID; F344 RATS; TESTICULAR FUNCTION; TOXICITY; SYSTEM; ETHER; 1,3-DINITROBENZENE AB Multiple endpoints of spermatotoxicity in short duration tests (1-5 days exposure; 2.5-week assay interval) were investigated in a number of chemicals reported to produce minimal to severe reproductive effects when administered subchronically. Six of these chemicals (boric acid, dinoseb, 2,5-hexanedione, methoxychlor, metronidazole, ornidazole) produced substantial spermatotoxicity after 1 to 5 doses. Spermatotoxic effects of chlordimeform were equivocal while p,p'-DDT, n-hexane, and sodium chlorite were judged negative. Four chemicals with known acute effects (benomyl, busulfan, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, nitrobenzene) elicited expected histopathologic responses after a single dose. Testicular histology, testicular sperm head counts, cauda sperm counts, sperm morphology, and sperm velocity proved to be the most toxicologically sensitive endpoints in one or more of the studies, but histopathology of the testis and epididymis was the most consistent indicator of reproductive damage. The percentage of motile sperm and sperm concentration in the epididymal fluid were the least sensitive measurements. The data suggested that most chemicals with the potential to produce moderate to severe sperm damage are detectable with a short duration test. Complementary multiple endpoints enhanced the interpretation of results, often identified cellular targets, and provided insight on possible mechanisms. Specific responses were often similar to specific effects reported for subchronic exposures. A short duration test could be of value as a screen in structure-activity studies or to set priorities for chemicals requiring further evaluation. As a supplement to breeding studies, the data generated in the short test could also be used to enhance the design and interpretation of the longer tests. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP LINDER, RE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD 72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 49 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 6 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90034-Q PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA KE561 UT WOS:A1992KE56100004 PM 1288759 ER PT J AU TOTH, GP WANG, SR MCCARTHY, H TOCCO, DR SMITH, MK AF TOTH, GP WANG, SR MCCARTHY, H TOCCO, DR SMITH, MK TI EFFECTS OF 3 MALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS ON RAT CAUDA EPIDIDYMAL SPERM MOTION SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPERM MOTILITY; RAT; TOXICANTS ID ANTI-FERTILITY ACTIONS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; EPICHLOROHYDRIN; SPERMATOZOA; MOTILITY; BOAR AB The sensitivity of the CellSoft(TM) computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system to detect changes in rat sperm motion was evaluated. CASA motion endpoints were measured in cauda epididymal sperm from Long-Evans rats treated with each of three known male reproductive toxicants reported to affect the epididymis and epididymal sperm motility: alpha-chlorohydrin, ornidazole, and trimethylphosphate. Significant changes in endpoints describing sperm swimming vigor (curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity) and pattern (linearity and amplitude of lateral head displacement) were observed for rats dosed with each agent when evaluations included mean values and other statistical parameters (i.e., percentiles and distributional shape). Alpha-Chlorohydrin (ACH) treatment (10 mg/kg/day; 8 days) resulted in reductions in the mean percentage of motile sperm, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), lateral head displacement (ALH), and linearity (LIN). Treatment with ornidazole (ONZ) (200mg/kg/day/14 days) reduced the percentage of motile sperm. Mean VCL, VSL, and ALH were reduced by 400 mg ONZ/kg/day treatment. Trimethylphosphate (TMP) treatment led to (a) a reduction in the 75th and 90th percentiles for ALH (100 mg TMP/kg/day; 5 days) (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.04), (b) a reduction in VCL, VSL, and ALH (250 mg TMP/kg/day), (c) a reduction in the percentage of motile cells and in the 10th and 25th percentiles for VSL (600 mg TMP/kg/day), and (d) increases in the 90th percentile for VSL, in the mean, 75th, and 90th percentiles for VCL, and in the 75th and 90th percentiles for ALH (600 mg TMP/kg/day). The general utility of these analytic approaches in reproductive toxicology studies was demonstrated in the observations of effects at or below dose levels previously reported. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45245. RP TOTH, GP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ECOL MONITORING RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 6 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90035-R PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA KE561 UT WOS:A1992KE56100005 PM 1288760 ER PT J AU RISSER, JA BAILEY, GW AF RISSER, JA BAILEY, GW TI SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF SURFACE REDOX REACTIONS WITH MANGANESE OXIDES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; OXIDATION; DIOXIDE; CHEMISTRY; MINERALS; SPECTRA AB Redox reactions involving soil minerals and materials are important processes in environmental chemistry, but unfortunately they only have been characterized in the solution phase. The lack of a suitable method has prevented investigations of the mineral surface component of redox reactions. We present a model system in which ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is employed to observe a surface redox reaction. A synthetic MnOx is reacted with Cr(III), resulting in Cr oxidation to the hexavalent state and the reduction of the MnOx mineral. A scattered transmission accessory allowed us to observe spectroscopically both the appearance of Cr(VI) and the attenuation of MnOx in a suspension. Loss of absorbance intensity by MnOx suspensions may be useful as a general method to follow redox reactions as a function of the solid phase rather than relative to a specific reactant. This spectroscopic approach provides the capability to monitor in situ reactions of solid-phase components and is useful for examining transformations of metallic and organic wastes and naturally occurring materials in the environment. C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP RISSER, JA (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HK333 UT WOS:A1992HK33300012 ER PT B AU TUCKER, WG AF TUCKER, WG BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH-EFFECTS OF SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS - INTRODUCTION SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP TUCKER, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16526.x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00001 PM 1580463 ER PT B AU WALLACE, LA AF WALLACE, LA BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI RECENT FIELD STUDIES OF PERSONAL AND INDOOR EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,WARRENTON,VA 22186, USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16527.x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00002 PM 1580482 ER PT B AU TICHENOR, BA AF TICHENOR, BA BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI CHARACTERIZING MATERIAL SOURCES AND SINKS - CURRENT APPROACHES SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP TICHENOR, BA (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16533.x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00008 ER PT B AU SPARKS, LE AF SPARKS, LE BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI MODELING INDOOR CONCENTRATIONS AND EXPOSURES SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP SPARKS, LE (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16536.x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00011 ER PT B AU KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB AF KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI HUMAN UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT RESPONSES TO INHALED POLLUTANTS WITH EMPHASIS ON NASAL LAVAGE SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP KOREN, HS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16545.x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00020 PM 1580472 ER PT B AU OTTO, DA AF OTTO, DA BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI ASSESSMENT OF NEUROBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE IN HUMANS TO LOW-LEVEL VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND SOURCES SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP OTTO, DA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16547.x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00022 PM 1580474 ER PT B AU MACPHAIL, RC PEELE, DB AF MACPHAIL, RC PEELE, DB BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI ANIMAL-MODELS FOR ASSESSING THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL IMPACT OF AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP MACPHAIL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16550.x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00025 PM 1580477 ER PT B AU TUCKER, WG AF TUCKER, WG BE TUCKER, WG LEADERER, BP MOLHAVE, L CAIN, WS TI PROSPECTS FOR SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT - CONCLUSION SO SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS: CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT CONF ON INDOOR AIR POLLUTION : CHARACTERIZATION OF SOURCES AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND COMFORT CY OCT 22-24, 1990 CL NEW HAVEN, CT SP US EPA RP TUCKER, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-716-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 641 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16552.x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW41J UT WOS:A1992BW41J00027 ER PT J AU OGLESBY, LA EBRONMCCOY, MT LOGSDON, TR COPELAND, F BEYER, PE KAVLOCK, RJ AF OGLESBY, LA EBRONMCCOY, MT LOGSDON, TR COPELAND, F BEYER, PE KAVLOCK, RJ TI INVITRO EMBRYOTOXICITY OF A SERIES OF PARA-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS - STRUCTURE, ACTIVITY, AND CORRELATION WITH INVIVO DATA SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EMBRYO CULTURE; HEPATOCYTES; CHEMICALS; PROTEIN; RATS AB The embryotoxicity of phenol and twelve para-substituted congeners on mid-gestation rat embryos was evaluated in vitro. Through application of correlative procedures and stepwise regression, equations describing the relationship between physical-chemical properties and various measures of activity were developed. Embryotoxicity was quantified by the log of the reciprocal of the potency estimates for reduction in selected growth parameters and induction of four morphological defects. In general, co-cultured hepatocytes ameliorated embryotoxicity; only phenol-induced embryotoxicity was enhanced by the presence of hepatocytes. In the absence of hepatocytes, measures of growth retardation were positively correlated with molar refractivity of the phenols. With hepatocytes, lipophilicity became important for describing the potential to induce growth deficits. The structural defects had varying correlation patterns in both culture systems. Potencies of these congeners in vitro were also compared to maternal and developmental potencies observed in vivo (Kavlock, Teratology, 41:43-59, '90). Two of the congeners were very toxic in both systems. For the remaining congeners, one maternal toxicity measure was found to be positively correlated with embryotoxicity for growth and development in vitro without hepatocytes. With hepatocytes, a broad spectrum of correlations, both positive and negative, were observed between in vivo developmental toxicity endpoints and in vitro embryotoxicity. Data from preliminary dosimetry studies suggest that phenol congeners may accumulate in embryos exposed in vitro more readily than with in vivo exposure. Potency calculations based on dosimetry information may demonstrate better correlations between data and allow additional relationships between chemical structure and activity to be developed. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP OGLESBY, LA (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 33 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450103 PG 23 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA GY761 UT WOS:A1992GY76100002 PM 1731394 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD HARRIS, MW BIRNBAUM, LS AF ABBOTT, BD HARRIS, MW BIRNBAUM, LS TI COMPARISONS OF THE EFFECTS OF TCDD AND HYDROCORTISONE ON GROWTH-FACTOR EXPRESSION PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THEIR INTERACTION IN THE EMBRYONIC MOUSE PALATE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CLEFT-PALATE; TGF-BETA; EGF RECEPTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; SECONDARY PALATE; RETINOIC ACID; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Cleft palate (CP) can be induced in embryonic mice by a wide range of compounds, including glucocorticoids and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Hydrocortisone (HC), a glucocorticoid, retards embryonic growth producing small palatal shelves, while TCDD exposure blocks the fusion of normally sized shelves. TCDD induction of CP involves altered differentiation of the medial epithelial cells. Recent studies indicate that growth factors such as EGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta-1, and TGF-beta-2 are involved in palatogenesis, regulating proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. A synergism has been observed between HC and TCDD in which doses too low to induce CP alone are able to produce > 90% incidence when coadministered. In the present study a standard teratology protocol was performed in C57BL/6N mice to examine the synergism at doses lower than those previously published. Data from this study indicate synergistic interactions at doses as low as 3-mu-g TCDD/kg + 1 mg HC/kg. This extreme sensitivity suggests the involvement of a receptor-mediated mechanism possibly resulting in altered regulation of gene expression. Mechanisms of interaction were further studied by comparing growth of the shelves, fate of the medial epithelium, and expression of growth factor mRNAs and peptides. Pregnant mice were dosed on GDs 10-13 with HC (100 mg/kg sc) or with HC (25 mg/kg sc) + TCDD (3-mu-g/kg orally), doses producing 30% and 99% CP, respectively. The interaction between HC and TCDD results in a small HC-like palate, rather than the morphology typical of TCDD-induced clefting. Both compounds inhibited programmed cell death of the medial epithelium, which instead differentiated into an oral-like epithelium. The alterations in growth factor expression after HC or HC + TCDD were similar. Expression of EGF, TGF-beta-1, TGF-beta-2, and EGF receptor increased in specific palatal regions. Increased levels of mRNA were observed only for TGF-beta-1. The effects of TCDD alone on growth factor expression differ from those seen with HC or HC + TCDD. These divergent effects on growth factor expression may contribute to the differences in shelf size and thus to the different mechanisms of HC and TCDD clefting. Thus the synergism between HC and TCDD may involve similar and potentially additive effects on regulators of proliferation and differentiation in the palate, but additional contributing factors cannot be excluded. C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 71 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 35 EP 53 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450104 PG 19 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA GY761 UT WOS:A1992GY76100003 PM 1731395 ER PT J AU FENNERCRISP, P AF FENNERCRISP, P TI REGULATORY CONCERNS OF THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CLINICAL PATHOLOGY TESTING IN PRECLINICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT / 1991 NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC FOR CLINICAL CHEMISTRY CY JUL 27, 1991 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC CLIN CHEM, DIV ANIM CLIN CHEM, MILES, BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM, SORONO BAKER DIAGNOST, SOC TOXICOL PATHOLOGISTS, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, PROCTER & GAMBLE HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV DE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY; ANIMALS; TOXICITY TESTING; SAFETY TESTING; REGULATIONS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency, under 2 of its legislative mandates. has the authority to require the testing of industrial and pesticide chemicals. Among the testing requirements, particularly in chronic studies, are those relating to hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis. Some of these requirements will be discussed in detail. Comments on the usefulness of the current requirements and recommendations for changes will be solicited from the meeting participants. RP FENNERCRISP, P (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,MAIL CODE H7509C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 523 EP 525 PN 2 PG 3 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA KM693 UT WOS:A1992KM69300012 PM 1296284 ER PT J AU LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL RIDDLE, MM SMIALOWICZ, RJ AF LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL RIDDLE, MM SMIALOWICZ, RJ TI HOST-RESISTANCE TO TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION IN RATS AND MICE - SPECIES-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE EXPOSURE SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; SPECIES COMPARISON; RATS; MICE; HOST RESISTANCE; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS ID T-CELLS; NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE; NEWBORN LARVAE; TERM EXPOSURE; B-CELL; IMMUNITY; SUPPRESSION; GENES; BIS(TRI-NORMAL-BUTYLTIN)OXIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Host resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection was compared in male rats (F344) and female mice (C57BL/6J) following various cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment schedules. Doses of CY given to mice were adjusted by body surface area to be comparable to rat doses. Adult parasite elimination was not affected by oral administration of 1.5, 3 or 6 mg CY/kg per day to rats or 1.05, 2.1 or 4.2 mg CY/kg per day to mice for 10 days. In rats, resistance was suppressed by a single oral dose of 80 mg/kg given the day prior to infection, but was not affected at 20 or 40 mg/kg. A single oral dose of 14, 28 or 56 mg CY/kg did not affect parasite expulsion in mice. Rats were also given four daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 20, 40 or 80 mg CY/kg per day and mice received 14, 28 or 56 mg CY/kg per day. Infected rats did not survive at the two higher dose levels and parasite expulsion was suppressed at 20 mg/kg per day; parasite expulsion was suppressed in mice by four i.p. injections of 56 mg CY/kg per day, but not by lower doses. In rats, doses of CY which suppressed adult parasite expulsion also severely suppressed the proliferative response of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) to an extract of T. spiralis (TsE). However, significant suppression of TsE-driven blastogenesis occurred at a dose of CY which did not affect parasite expulsion, indicating that the proliferative response in rats was mo re sensitive to suppression than actual parasite elimination. In contrast, the proliferative response to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A was elevated in the MLNC of CY-exposed rats. This was determined to be related to the interval between CY dosing and the day of assay rather than to an effect of infection with T. spiralis. Mouse MLNC proliferative responses to TsE were not suppressed by CY treatment, even at levels of CY which suppressed adult parasite expulsion. Mice differed from rats in that CY exposure did not affect the proliferative response to concanavalin A in infected animals. The species-dependent differences observed in these studies may have been secondary to the greater sensitivity of rats to CY. Nonetheless, these results highlight the potential for species-specific responses to chemical exposure and underscore the need for additional comparative studies of host resistance in rats and mice. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PY 1992 VL 73 IS 3 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90072-M PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JE517 UT WOS:A1992JE51700007 PM 1631907 ER PT J AU COOPER, RL MOLE, ML REHNBERG, GL GOLDMAN, JM MCELROY, WK HEIN, J STOKER, TE AF COOPER, RL MOLE, ML REHNBERG, GL GOLDMAN, JM MCELROY, WK HEIN, J STOKER, TE TI EFFECT OF INHALED METHANOL ON PITUITARY AND TESTICULAR HORMONES IN CHAMBER ACCLIMATED AND NONACCLIMATED RATS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METHANOL; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE; STRESS ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; ACUTE STRESS; PROLACTIN; TESTOSTERONE; RECEPTORS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; BINDING; SERUM AB Two experiments were conducted in which the acute effects of inhaled methanol on serum hormones associated with reproductive function in the male rat were evaluated. In the first experiment, rats exposed to methanol (0, 200, 5000 and 10 000 ppm) for 6 h were killed at the end of the exposure period (6 h) or the following morning (24 h). Also, because the process of exposure itself could modify neuroendocrine function, the effect of the handling associated with placing the rat in the exposure chamber was evaluated further by dividing the exposed animals into acclimated (2 weeks of prior handling) and non-acclimated groups. At 6 h, an effect of prior handling was noted in the sham-exposed rats, with serum luteinizing hormone (LH) of the non-acclimated group being greater than that of the acclimated group. Serum LH concentrations were altered by methanol exposure, but the direction of change and the exposure level at which an effect was noted differed between the acclimated and non-acclimated rats. Methanol (5000 ppm) reduced serum LH in the non-acclimated animals, while 10 000 ppm increased LH in the acclimated rats. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were unchanged by methanol in rats killed at 6 h. Thus, this experiment did not confirm earlier reports that exposure to 200 ppm for 6 h reduced serum testosterone. At 24 h, an effect of prior handling was still present in the hormonal measures, with serum and interstitial fluid testosterone concentrations being greater in the non-acclimated rats. Also, there was a dose x handling interaction with methanol exposure inducing an increase in serum testosterone in the non-acclimated rats (up to 5000 ppm) and a decrease in the acclimated rats (up to 10 000 ppm). In the second experiment, groups of acclimated and non-acclimated rats were exposed to 0 or 5000 ppm methanol for 1, 2 and 6 h and killed immediately after removal from the chamber. Serum LH. testosterone and FSH values were not different in sham- vs methanol-exposed rats at any time point. As in experiment 1, an effect of prior handling was noted. In general, the concentrations of these hormones and serum prolactin in the non-acclimated rats were greater than those observed for acclimated rats. Methanol exposure resulted in increased prolactin concentrations under both handling conditions. These results demonstrate that while acute exposure to methanol (5000 ppm) can cause significant alterations in serum hormones, the direction and magnitude of the changes are dependent on whether or not the animal has been acclimated to the test situation. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP COOPER, RL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,ENDOCRINOL GERONTOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90055-J PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HA906 UT WOS:A1992HA90600007 PM 1729769 ER PT J AU KNOTHANDERSON, J VERONESI, B JONES, K LAPADULA, DM ABOUDONIA, MB AF KNOTHANDERSON, J VERONESI, B JONES, K LAPADULA, DM ABOUDONIA, MB TI TRIPHENYL PHOSPHITE-INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES IN BOVINE ADRENOMEDULLARY CHROMAFFIN CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY; RELEASE; CALCIUM; INVITRO; MITOCHONDRIA; MECHANISMS; INHIBITION; SECRETION; ESTERASE; CYANIDE C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27710. RP KNOTHANDERSON, J (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5154, ESO 2717]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OHOO823] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 112 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90286-2 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GZ975 UT WOS:A1992GZ97500014 PM 1733042 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH ROGERS, JM AF ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH ROGERS, JM TI INVITRO INVIVO COMPARISON OF YOLK-SAC FUNCTION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID RAT EMBRYOS; TRYPAN BLUE; PROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN; PINOCYTOSIS; INHIBITION; ENDODERM; TERATOGENICITY; PROTEOLYSIS; PLACENTA AB The yolk-sac function and development of rat embryos grown in vitro for 24 hr, starting on day 10.5, were compared with those of embryos grown in utero. The embryos grown in vitro had significantly fewer somites, shorter crown-rump length and smaller yolk-sac diameter when compared with the embryos grown in vivo but all values were within the normal range for this stage of gestation. Head length was not significantly different between the two groups. The cellular and nuclear volumes (Coulter counter) of nucleated yolk-sac red blood cells did not differ significantly between the two groups. RBC cell-cycle analyses by flow cytometry did not reveal any difference between in vitro and in vivo embryos. The clinical chemistries of embryo-yolk-sac homogenates were compared. Protein, triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, urea nitrogen and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. The in vitro embryos had significantly lower gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities. GGT activity is almost entirely in the yolk sac in the day 10.5 conceptus. alpha-Foetoprotein is synthesized by the yolk sac at this stage of development and was significantly lower in the in vitro embryos. Transferrin is transported across the yolk sac to the embryo and was significantly higher in the in vitro embryos. These data indicate that impaired yolk-sac function could, in part, be responsible for the developmental delays and the short survival times of cultured embryos. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JAN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(92)90078-6 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GY764 UT WOS:A1992GY76400001 PM 20732085 ER PT B AU PULS, RW POWELL, RM AF PULS, RW POWELL, RM BE SABATINI, DA KNOX, RC TI SURFACE-CHARGE REPULSIVE EFFECTS ON THE MOBILITY OF INORGANIC COLLOIDS IN SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS SO TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS: COLLOIDAL, INTERFACIAL, AND SURFACTANT PHENOMENA SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS, AT THE 65TH ANNUAL COLLOID AND SURFACE SCIENCE SYMP OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY JUN 17-19, 1991 CL NORMAN, OK SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV COLLOID & SURFACE CHEM ID TRANSPORT; COAGULATION; SULFATE; WATERS RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2223-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 40 EP 54 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV75D UT WOS:A1992BV75D00005 ER PT B AU WEST, CC AF WEST, CC BE SABATINI, DA KNOX, RC TI SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SOLUBILIZATION OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN PUMP AND TREAT REMEDIATION SO TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS: COLLOIDAL, INTERFACIAL, AND SURFACTANT PHENOMENA SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS, AT THE 65TH ANNUAL COLLOID AND SURFACE SCIENCE SYMP OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY JUN 17-19, 1991 CL NORMAN, OK SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV COLLOID & SURFACE CHEM ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER SOLUBILITY; MICELLE RP WEST, CC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2223-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV75D UT WOS:A1992BV75D00013 ER PT B AU PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG AF PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG BE SABATINI, DA KNOX, RC TI LANDFILL LEACHATE EFFECTS ON TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES IN AQUIFER MATERIALS SO TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS: COLLOIDAL, INTERFACIAL, AND SURFACTANT PHENOMENA SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS, AT THE 65TH ANNUAL COLLOID AND SURFACE SCIENCE SYMP OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY JUN 17-19, 1991 CL NORMAN, OK SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV COLLOID & SURFACE CHEM ID REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; SORPTION; MATTER; SOILS; WATER RP PFEFFER, FM (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2223-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 194 EP 204 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV75D UT WOS:A1992BV75D00017 ER PT B AU WEAVER, JW LIEN, BK CHARBENEAU, RJ AF WEAVER, JW LIEN, BK CHARBENEAU, RJ BE SABATINI, DA KNOX, RC TI EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING FOR HYDROCARBON SPILLS INTO THE SUBSURFACE - SENSITIVITY TO SOIL PROPERTIES SO TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS: COLLOIDAL, INTERFACIAL, AND SURFACTANT PHENOMENA SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON TRANSPORT AND REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS, AT THE 65TH ANNUAL COLLOID AND SURFACE SCIENCE SYMP OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY JUN 17-19, 1991 CL NORMAN, OK SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV COLLOID & SURFACE CHEM RP WEAVER, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2223-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 491 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV75D UT WOS:A1992BV75D00019 ER PT B AU SCHOCK, MR GEORGE, GK AF SCHOCK, MR GEORGE, GK GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 299 EP 323 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00021 ER PT B AU FAIR, PS BOLYARD, M AF FAIR, PS BOLYARD, M GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI STATUS OF DISINFECTANT DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT METHODS IN RELATION TO THE DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS RULE SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00026 ER PT B AU MILTNER, RJ RICE, EW SMITH, BL AF MILTNER, RJ RICE, EW SMITH, BL GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI OZONES EFFECT ON ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON, DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS, AND DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT PRECURSORS SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 409 EP 420 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00027 ER PT B AU REASONER, DJ AF REASONER, DJ GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI PATHOGENS IN DRINKING-WATER - ARE THERE ANY NEW ONES SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,RREL,DWRD,MICROBIOL TREATMENT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 509 EP 530 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00033 ER PT B AU LYTLE, DA GEORGE, GK DOERGER, JU AF LYTLE, DA GEORGE, GK DOERGER, JU GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI APPLICATION OF MODIFIED ALUMINON AND GFAAS METHODS TO BERYLLIUM DETERMINATION IN DRINKING-WATER SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 683 EP 697 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00046 ER PT B AU DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB AF DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI THE CARCINOGENICITY OF CHLORINE DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS - THE CHLOROACETIC ACIDS SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 725 EP 726 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00049 ER PT B AU ZAVALETA, JO AF ZAVALETA, JO GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI DRINKING-WATER VARIANCES AND EXEMPTIONS - DETERMINING UNREASONABLE RISKS TO HEATH SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,DRINKING WATER HLTH ASSESSMENT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 749 EP 756 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00052 ER PT B AU GELDREICH, EE AF GELDREICH, EE GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI OPPORTUNISTIC ORGANISMS AND THE WATER-SUPPLY CONNECTION SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 823 EP 842 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00058 ER PT B AU GELDREICH, EE AF GELDREICH, EE GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI COMPLIANCE CONCERNS WITH THE NEW COLIFORM REGULATION SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 1327 EP 1331 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00093 ER PT B AU VASCONCELOS, J HENNING, A AF VASCONCELOS, J HENNING, A GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI EXPERIENCE WITH COMPLIANCE AND REMEDIATION PROBLEMS UNDER THE REVISED COLIFORM RULE - UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS - AWWA 1991, PTS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN WATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Water Quality Technology Conference: Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment CY NOV 10-14, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,MANCHESTER ENVIRONM LAB,MICROBIOL SECT,REG 10,MANCHESTER,WA 98353. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-618-5 PY 1992 BP 1379 EP 1390 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Water Resources GA BA61B UT WOS:A1992BA61B00097 ER PT J AU KOVALICK, WW AF KOVALICK, WW TI TRENDS IN INNOVATIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AT CONTAMINATED SITES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16TH BIENNIAL CONF OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL : WATER QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 92 CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL DE INNOVATIVE; TREATMENT; TECHNOLOGY; SOILS; GROUNDWATER AB Increasing the diversity of technologies used to remediate contaminated soils and groundwater is one of the goals of EPA's office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). While conventional methods of waste remediation, such as stabilization, containment, and incineration, are certainly valid approaches to resolving waste problems, statutory and economic considerations are now, more than ever, encouraging the entire remediation community to consider change in thinking and practice. RP KOVALICK, WW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,OFF TECHNOL INNOVAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JZ395 UT WOS:A1992JZ39500012 ER PT J AU TABAK, HH GAO, C DESAI, S GOVIND, R AF TABAK, HH GAO, C DESAI, S GOVIND, R TI DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE STRUCTURE-BIODEGRADATION RELATIONSHIP MODELS WITH THE USE OF RESPIROMETRICALLY GENERATED BIOKINETIC DATA SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16TH BIENNIAL CONF OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL : WATER QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 92 CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL DE BIODEGRADATION; KINETICS; ELECTROLYTIC RESPIROMETRY; GROUP CONTRIBUTION ID ELECTROLYTIC RESPIROMETER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE AB Biodegradation is an important mechanism determining the fate of chemicals in the aquatic environment. In this paper, experimental data, determined from electrolytic respirometry, for 27 compounds were analyzed using first order and Monod kinetics. Additional data from the literature were also used in our analysis. A method based on group contribution to predict first-order and Monod kinetic rate constants was developed and validated. The group contribution approach gave reasonable results for a variety of compounds. More kinetic data are required to extend the group contribution approach. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP TABAK, HH (reprint author), US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 763 EP 772 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JZ396 UT WOS:A1992JZ39600033 ER PT J AU CUBILLO, F RODRIGUEZ, B BARNWELL, TO AF CUBILLO, F RODRIGUEZ, B BARNWELL, TO TI A SYSTEM FOR CONTROL OF RIVER WATER-QUALITY FOR THE COMMUNITY OF MADRID USING QUAL2E SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE RIVER WATER QUALITY; MODELING; QUAL2E; CONTROL AB The Stream Water Quality Model QUAL2E has been applied to the major rivers of the Comunidad de Madrid in Spain by Canal de Isabel II. Canal de Isabel II is the company responsible for management of Madrid's water supply and waste treatment system. Initially, the model was applied in planning a waste treatment expansion program. Now, QUAL2E is being used to assist in the management of waste treatment plants and in the evaluation of river water quality controls. To facilitate interaction with the model, a comprehensive user interface specific to the Madrid network was written. This paper discusses the unique water quality problems of Madrid, shows how the QUAL2E model was calibrated and verified on the rivers of Madrid, and describes the user interface developed to allow interaction with the model by decision makers in the Regional Government. C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP CUBILLO, F (reprint author), DIV ESTADIST & MODELOS,CANAL ISABEL 2,ST ENGRACIA 125,E-28004 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1867 EP 1873 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JZ970 UT WOS:A1992JZ97000044 ER PT J AU CASE, BW ROGGLI, V DAVIS, JMG CASE, B SEBASTIEN, P GIBBS, G HARINGTON, J ROCKOFF, D VU, V FASY, T HATFIELD, R MOWE, G AF CASE, BW ROGGLI, V DAVIS, JMG CASE, B SEBASTIEN, P GIBBS, G HARINGTON, J ROCKOFF, D VU, V FASY, T HATFIELD, R MOWE, G TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF TREMOLITE - NOW AND IN THE FUTURE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERMICULITE MINERS; LUNG-TISSUE; ASBESTOS; MORTALITY; MESOTHELIOMA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; MILLERS; DUST C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. INST OCCUPAT MED,EDINBURGH EH8 9SV,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. CTR ETUD & RECH CHARBONNAGES FRANCE,VERNEUIL,FRANCE. GOVT ALBERT,EDMONTON,ALBERTA,CANADA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. LAW ASSOCIATES INC,KENNESAW,GA. DEPT OCCUPAT HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 1991 VL 643 BP 491 EP 508 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24498.x PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM568 UT WOS:A1991JM56800048 PM 1809162 ER PT J AU AKKARAJU, GR HANSEN, LJ JAGUS, R AF AKKARAJU, GR HANSEN, LJ JAGUS, R TI INCREASE IN EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2B ACTIVITY FOLLOWING FERTILIZATION REFLECTS CHANGES IN REDOX POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-EXCHANGE FACTOR; POLYPEPTIDE-CHAIN INITIATION; SEA-URCHIN EGGS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INITIATION; RABBIT-RETICULOCYTE LYSATE; GDP GTP EXCHANGE; FACTOR-II; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; OXIDATION-REDUCTION AB One of the factors involved in the postfertilization activation of protein synthesis in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is the activation of eIF-2B, the initiation factor responsible for guanine nucleotide exchange on eIF-2. Cell-free translation systems from unfertilized eggs are stimulated by added eIF-2B, although this dependency is rapidly lost in translation systems prepared at various times following fertilization. Cell-free translation systems prepared from unfertilized eggs show significantly lower eIF-2B activities than those prepared from 2-h embryos. However, the provision of an NADPH regeneration system significantly stimulates eIF-2B activity in egg extracts and, in addition, stimulates both binding of initiator tRNA to the small ribosomal subunit and protein synthetic activity. These data suggest that the activation of eIF-2B following fertilization reflects the fertilization-induced increase in NADPH levels. C1 CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES PROGRAM,DIV TOXICOL HLTH EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-33631] NR 50 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 36 BP 24451 EP 24459 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GW845 UT WOS:A1991GW84500035 PM 1761545 ER PT J AU CHAMKASEM, N HILL, KD SEWELL, GW AF CHAMKASEM, N HILL, KD SEWELL, GW TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF INTERMEDIATES OF ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF TOLUENE IN GROUND-WATER MICROCOSM SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic column-switching system was used for the determination of phenol, benzoic acid and cresol (PBC) in the presence of toluene in ground water microcosm. A precolumn was connected in series with an analytical column via a column-switching valve. After the injection, as soon as PBC were eluted from the precolumn to the analytical column, the valve was switched so that the precolumn was between the analytical column and the UV detector. Toluene and other non-polar compounds were eluted from the precolumn in a very short time and detected along with the solvent front. Subsequently, PBC were separated on the analytical column and passed through the precolumn one more time before being detected by the UV detector. The total analysis time was 15 min. This technique facilitated the study of the basic mechanism and path way of anaerobic degradation of toluene in ground water aquifer. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV,ADA,OK 74820. US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 587 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85155-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GY996 UT WOS:A1991GY99600007 PM 1783668 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J WEISS, ST AF SCHWARTZ, J WEISS, ST TI HOST AND ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTE COUNT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; SMOKING ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CELL COUNT; GENETIC NEUTROPENIA; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; HEALTHY-ADULTS; LUNG-FUNCTION; DISEASES; SMOKERS; NEUTROPHILS; CORONARY AB The peripheral leukocyte count is an important predictor of mortality. Hence, host and environmental factors influencing the peripheral leukocyte count are of interest. The authors studied 8,635 subjects, aged 30-74 years, who were seen as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 11 in 1976-1980, and sought to assess the relation of age, sex, obesity (body mass index), alcohol use, and various parameters of cigarette smoking to the peripheral leukocyte count using multiple regression analysis. Various parameters of cigarette smoking were statistically significant independent predictors of the peripheral leukocyte count with higher leukocyte counts seen among current smokers, relative to former or never smokers. Among current smokers, a dose-response relation was seen for cigarettes/day and total pack-years smoked. A dose-response relation with pack-years and years since quitting was seen in former smokers. Other variables that were statistically significant independent predictors of a higher peripheral blood leukocyte count were younger age, male sex, increased body mass index, and decreased alcohol consumption. Although the specific cell or cells responsible for these relations are not defined by this analysis, the results support the suggestion that a number of host and environmental factors can influence cellular markers of inflammation. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,180 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE,BOSTON,MA 02215. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL34645-07] NR 40 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 12 BP 1402 EP 1409 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HC444 UT WOS:A1991HC44400007 PM 1776614 ER PT J AU CROSSWHITE, W MAGLEBY, R PURVIS, A BOGGESS, W IKERD, J MANALE, A OFFUTT, S AF CROSSWHITE, W MAGLEBY, R PURVIS, A BOGGESS, W IKERD, J MANALE, A OFFUTT, S TI TOWARD IMPROVING THE MICROLEVEL ECONOMIC-EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND NEW PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. OFF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1525 EP 1526 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100054 ER PT J AU AYER, H BRISKIN, J KLEIN, A ERVIN, D RIBAUDO, M JOHNSON, S AF AYER, H BRISKIN, J KLEIN, A ERVIN, D RIBAUDO, M JOHNSON, S TI GROUNDWATER QUALITY - NEW MANDATES FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION AND RESEARCH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1530 EP 1530 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100072 ER PT J AU DABERKOW, S DOERING, O MARQUARDT, S BUCKLAND, B BENSON, R AF DABERKOW, S DOERING, O MARQUARDT, S BUCKLAND, B BENSON, R TI THE CIRCLE OF POISON - SEEKING A SOLUTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NATL AGR CHEM ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1530 EP 1530 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HG471 UT WOS:A1991HG47100071 ER PT J AU PAU, JC KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR AF PAU, JC KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR TI SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF PCDDS AND PCDFS IN STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSION AIR SAMPLES SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR AB The sampling and analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs), two of the most toxic chemical compounds known, require extremely careful work. The U.S. EPA proposed Method 23 and the availability of audit samples are described. RP PAU, JC (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 18 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA GW124 UT WOS:A1991GW12400007 ER PT J AU MAHBUBANI, MH BEJ, AK PERLIN, M SCHAEFER, FW JAKUBOWSKI, W ATLAS, RM AF MAHBUBANI, MH BEJ, AK PERLIN, M SCHAEFER, FW JAKUBOWSKI, W ATLAS, RM TI DETECTION OF GIARDIA CYSTS BY USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND DISTINGUISHING LIVE FROM DEAD CYSTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAMBLIA; WATER; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; EXCYSTATION; MICROSCOPY; VIABILITY; SEQUENCE; CONTRAST; INVITRO; PROBES AB A method was developed for the detection of Giardia cysts by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the giardin gene as the target. DNA amplification by PCR, using giardin DNA as the target, resulted in detection of both live and dead cysts. When giardin mRNA was used as the target, the ability to amplify cDNA by PCR depended on the mode of killing. Cysts killed by freezing were not detected by PCR when giardin mRNA was the target. Cysts killed by heating or exposure to monochloramine, however, gave positive detection signals for both DNA and giardin mRNA targets. The amount of giardin mRNA and total RNA was significantly increased in live cysts following the induction of excystation. Cysts killed by freezing, heating, or exposure to monochloramine did not show a change in RNA content. The detection of the giardin gene by PCR permits a sensitive and specific diagnosis for Giardia spp. Discrimination between live and dead cysts can be made by measuring the amounts of RNA or PCR-amplified product from the giardin mRNA target before and after the induction of excystation. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP MAHBUBANI, MH (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT BIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3456 EP 3461 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GT942 UT WOS:A1991GT94200010 PM 1785923 ER PT J AU SHADIX, LC RICE, EW AF SHADIX, LC RICE, EW TI EVALUATION OF BETA-GLUCURONIDASE ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI FROM ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; 4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE; WATER ID DEFINED-SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGY; NATIONAL FIELD-EVALUATION; TOTAL COLIFORMS; FLUOROGENIC ASSAY; DRINKING-WATER; ENUMERATION AB The new United States Drinking Water Regulations state that water systems must analyze for Escherichia coli or fecal colifomis on any routine or repeat sample that is positive for total coliforms. The proposed methods for the detection of E. coli are based on beta-glucuronidase activity, using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide (MUG). This study was conducted to determine whether beta-glucuronidase negative E. coli were present in significant numbers in environmental waters. Two hundred and forty E. coli cultures were isolated from 12 water samples collected from different environmental sources. Beta-glucuronidase activity was determined using lauryl tryptose broth with MUG, EC broth with MUG, and the Autoanalysis Colilert (AC) procedure. The isolates were also evaluated by the standard EC broth gas fermentation method for fecal coliforms. The results confirm that assaying for the enzyme beta-glucuronidase utilizing the MUG substrate is an accurate method for the detection of E. coli in environmental waters. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SHADIX, LC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 12 BP 908 EP 911 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA HF360 UT WOS:A1991HF36000004 PM 1806210 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI IMPROVED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM LOW RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTRA SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; INFORMATION-THEORY; TOXIC COMPOUNDS; EXPERT SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB An improved method of estimating the molecular weights of volatile organic compounds from their mass spectra has been developed and implemented with an expert system. The method is based on the strong correlation of MAXMASS, the highest mass with an intensity of 5% of the base peak in a mass spectrum, with the true molecular weight. Linear corrections to MAXMASS, which yield molecular weight estimates, were derived empirically using the expert system. The system is based on a sequential modular design with a primary classifier linked to molecular weight estimators for the resulting six classes. These are non-halobenzenes; chlorobenzenes; bromo- and bromochloroalkanes/alkenes; mono- and dichloroalkanes/alkenes; tri-, tetra- and pentachloroalkanes/alkenes; and 'others'. In previous work only one iteration of correction terms was applied to MAXMASS. In the present system two iterations are used. The rules were derived from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference spectra of 75 target toxic compounds from the first five classes and 32 from the 'others' class. Performance tests were made with the old and the improved expert systems and the Self Training Interpretive and Retrieval System (STIRS) on NIST reference spectra of the 107 training compounds; on a set of 32 test NIST reference spectra of other compounds found in air samples; on a set of 100 randomly selected NIST reference spectra; and on 27 spectra taken from actual field gas chromatography/mass spectrometry samples. These tests show that the domain of this system greatly exceeds the original one. The average absolute value deviations from the true values for the old and new expert system and STIRS were, respectively, 3.1, 1.0 and 11.6 mass units for training spectra and 13.5, 13.4 and 7.1 for test spectra. For field gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric spectra these were 6.0, 4.3 and 10.8 and for random spectra 15.5, 16.0 and 7.5. The "pert system is very fast and will run on personal computers. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(91)80126-B PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA GX863 UT WOS:A1991GX86300008 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI 33 MHZ I486 EISA PERSONAL-COMPUTER SYSTEM SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Hardware Review RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(91)80127-C PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA GX863 UT WOS:A1991GX86300009 ER PT J AU VILLEPONTEAUX, E AF VILLEPONTEAUX, E TI AIR EMISSIONS FROM CRUDE-OIL FIRES SO DATABASE LA English DT Article RP VILLEPONTEAUX, E (reprint author), US EPA,LIB SERV MD35,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 462 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-2126 SN 0162-4105 J9 DATABASE JI Database PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 6 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA GM855 UT WOS:A1991GM85500016 ER PT J AU SYDEMAN, WJ HUBER, HR EMSLIE, SD RIBIC, CA NUR, N AF SYDEMAN, WJ HUBER, HR EMSLIE, SD RIBIC, CA NUR, N TI AGE-SPECIFIC WEANING SUCCESS OF NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS IN RELATION TO PREVIOUS BREEDING EXPERIENCE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULL LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GREAT TITS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; CLUTCH SIZE; RED DEER; SURVIVAL; AGGRESSION; INVESTMENT AB We studied the effect of age and previous breeding experience on the probability of successful reproduction in female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Reproductive data, collected over a 12-yr period, were analyzed by multiple logistic regression to describe the functional relationships among the variables. We also examined the relationships among age, experience, date of breeding, and reproductive success to determine if differences in timing explain age-specific productivity. Finally, we investigated the relationship among age, experience, and maternal behavior to determine if correlates of reproductive effort could be related to age- and experience-specific patterns of reproductive success. Reproductive success increased between the maternal ages of 3 and 7 yr and then levelled off, demonstrating an asymptotic relationship. However, the relationship between reproductive success and age, after statistically controlling for previous experience, showed instead that success increased linearly throughout an animal's lifetime. In contrast, after statistically controlling for age, reproductive success was related to experience in a parabolic fashion; success increased with experience for the first few breeding attempts, but declined later in an animal's reproductive lifetime. The effects of experience depended on age: among young animals experience was apparently beneficial, but among old animals greater experience was deleterious. These results suggest experience-related senescence. Timing of breeding was related to experience, rather than age, in a curvilinear fashion; arrival and parturition dates were later for inexperienced and very experienced females, and were earliest for moderately experienced animals. Young animals that gave birth later in the season experienced reduced reproductive success; we observed no such decline in older animals. Thus, among young females, arriving and giving birth earlier each year was adaptive. Aggressiveness and dominance increased with age and experience, but we were unable to separate the effects of age and experience. We contend that the experience-related drop in reproductive success reflects the cost of reproduction. Breeding at a young age and/or continuously appears to result in lower reproductive success later in life. Furthermore, curvature in age-specific reproductive success can be explained by experience-related senescence. This result has general applicability, suggesting that age-related senescence instead may be due to reproductive ''burn-out.'' These results indicate that previous breeding experience and differences in individual quality do not explain the pattern of increasing reproductive success with age in northern elephant seals, and provide indirect support for the hypothesis that animals increase reproductive effort as they age to offset a concomitant decrease in residual reproductive value. C1 NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SYDEMAN, WJ (reprint author), POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV,4990 SHORELINE HIGHWAY,STINSON BEACH,CA 94970, USA. NR 57 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2204 EP 2217 DI 10.2307/1941571 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV769 UT WOS:A1991GV76900027 ER PT J AU PARODI, S WATERS, MD AF PARODI, S WATERS, MD TI GENOTOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY DATABASES - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENT SITUATION - INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP PARODI, S (reprint author), IST NAZL RIC CANC,VIALE BENEDETTO XV,NO 10,I-16132 GENOA,ITALY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800001 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S AF NESNOW, S TI MULTIFACTOR POTENCY SCHEME FOR COMPARING THE CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM AB A scheme for ranking the quantitative activity of chemical carcinogens is described. This activity scheme uses as its base dose potency measured as TD50 which after conversion into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, is adjusted by weighting factors that describe other parameters of carcinogenic activity. These factors include positive or negative weightings for the induction of tumors at tissues or organs associated with high historical control tumor incidences; the induction of tumors at multiple sites; the induction of tumors in both sexes of the species; and the induction of tumors in more than one species. These factors were chosen because they represented qualitative descriptions of the general specificity or nonspecificity of chemicals with regard to the activity in rodents and have some bearing on the potential activity of chemicals in humans. To construct a measure to express the inactivity of chemicals toward the induction of cancer, a measure analogous to the TD50 has been developed: highest average daily dose (HADD) in milligrams chemical/kilogram body weight administered in a chronic cancer study and that did not induce a statistical increase in tumors. HADD values were similarly converted to log decile units and adjusted by weighting factors according to lack of activity in both sexes of a species and the lack of activity in more than one species. Three activity ranking schemes were developed: the carcinogen activity-F344 rat, an activity scheme based on cancer data obtained with the F344 rat; the carcinogen activity-B6C3F1 mouse, an activity scheme based on cancer data obtained with the B6C3F1 mouse, and the carcinogen activity combined, an activity scheme based on selecting data from both the F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.2307/3431202 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800004 PM 1820261 ER PT J AU AULETTA, AE BROWN, M WASSOM, JS CIMINO, MC AF AULETTA, AE BROWN, M WASSOM, JS CIMINO, MC TI CURRENT STATUS OF THE GENE-TOX PROGRAM SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PHASE-II; CARCINOGENICITY; MUTAGENICITY; BIOASSAYS; CHEMICALS; ASSAYS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Gene-Tox Program is a multiphased effort to review and evaluate the existing literature in assay systems available in the field of genetic toxicology. The first phase of the Gene-Tox Program selected assay systems for evaluation, generated expert panel reviews of the data from the scientific literature, and recommended testing protocols for the systems. Phase II established and evaluated the database of chemical genetic toxicity data for its relevance to identifying human health hazards. The ongoing phase III continues reviewing and updating chemical data in selected assay systems. Currently, data exist on over 4000 chemicals in 27 assay systems; two additional assay systems will be included in phase III. The review data are published in the scientific literature and are also publicly available through the National Library of Medicine TOXNET system. The review and analysis components of Gene-Tox comprise 45 published papers, and several others are in preparation. Differences that have been observed between Gene-Tox and National Toxicology Program databases relative to the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictivity of genetic toxicity data compared to carcinogenesis data are ascribable to differences between the two databases in chemical selection criteria, testing protocols, and chemical class distributions. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HUMAN GENOME & TOXICOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP AULETTA, AE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,OFF TOX SUBSTANCES,TS-796,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.2307/3431204 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800006 PM 1820273 ER PT J AU WATERS, MD STACK, HF GARRETT, NE JACKSON, MA AF WATERS, MD STACK, HF GARRETT, NE JACKSON, MA TI THE GENETIC-ACTIVITY PROFILE DATABASE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB A graphic approach termed a Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) has been developed to display a matrix of data on the genetic and related effects of selected chemical agents. The profiles provide a visual overview of the quantitative (doses) and qualitative (test results) data for each chemical. Either the lowest effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective dose (HID) is recorded for each agent and bioassay. Up to 200 different test systems are represented across the GAP. Bioassay systems are organized according to the phylogeny of the test organisms and the end points of genetic activity. The methodology for the production and evaluation of GAPs has been developed in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Data on individual chemicals have been compiled by IARC and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data are available on 299 compounds selected from volumes 1-50 of the IARC Monographs and on 115 compounds identified as Superfund Priority Substances. Software to display the GAPs on an IBM-compatible personal computer is available from the authors. Structurally similar compounds frequently display qualitatively and quantitatively similar GAPs. By examining the patterns of GAPs of pairs and groups of chemicals, it is possible to make more informed decisions regarding the selection of test batteries to be used in evaluating chemical analogs. GAPs have provided useful data for the development of weight-of-evidence hazard ranking schemes. Also, some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of complex environmental mixtures may be gained from assessing the GAPs of component chemicals. The fundamental techniques and computer programs devised for the GAP database may be used to develop similar databases in other disciplines. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP WATERS, MD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800008 PM 1820275 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL QUEST, JA WHITING, RJ STACK, HF WATERS, MD AF DEARFIELD, KL QUEST, JA WHITING, RJ STACK, HF WATERS, MD TI CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNITED-STATES EPAS OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOXICITY INFORMATION DATABASES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY PROFILES AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) requires that data from toxicity testing be submitted to the OPP to support the registration of pesticide chemicals. Once the toxicity data are submitted, they are entered into various toxicity databases. The studies are listed in an archival database to catalog and allow retrieval of the study for review. Reviews of toxicity studies are then placed into a separate database that can be retrieved to support a regulatory position. Toxicity information for health effects other than cancer and gene mutations from chronic exposure is reviewed through a reference dose (RfD) approach, and these decisions and supporting data are entered into an RfD database. Carcinogenicity data are reviewed by a peer review process, and these decisions are entered into a newly developed database to show the regulatory decision with supporting data. The mutagenicity data are reviewed and acceptable data are entered into the Genetic Activity Profile system to catalog and display the submitted information. These databases contain the information used for hazard evaluations as part of the OPP review of pesticide chemicals. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DEARFIELD, KL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.2307/3431208 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800010 PM 1820278 ER PT J AU JUTRO, PR AF JUTRO, PR TI BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB Worldwide climate change and loss of biodiversity are issues of global scope and importance that have recently become subjects of considerable public concern. Unlike classical public health issues and many environmental issues, their perceived threat lies in their potential to disrupt ecological functioning and stability rather than from any direct threat they may pose to human health. Over the last 5 years, the international scientific community and the general public have become aware of the implications that atmospheric warming might have for world climate patterns and the resulting changes in the persistence, location, and composition of ecosystems worldwide. At the same time, awareness of the magnitude of current and impending losses of the world's biological diversity has increased. Human activities are currently responsible for a species loss rate that is the most extreme in millions of years, and an alarmingly increasing rate of transformation and fragmentation of natural landscapes. We are just beginning to grasp the meaning of this loss in terms of opportunity costs to human society and the less quantifiable losses associated with simplification of natural ecosystems. In the case of both global warming and reduction of biological diversity, man is affecting nature in an unprecedented fashion, on a global scale, and with unpredictable and frequently irreversible results. RP JUTRO, PR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.2307/3431226 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800028 PM 1820260 ER PT J AU RIGGAN, WB MANTON, KG CREASON, JP WOODBURY, MA STALLARD, E AF RIGGAN, WB MANTON, KG CREASON, JP WOODBURY, MA STALLARD, E TI ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF RISKS IN SMALL POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CANCER MORTALITY-RATES; EMPIRICAL BAYES ESTIMATION; NORTH-CAROLINA COUNTIES; MODELS; VARIABILITY; GRADIENTS AB Often environmental hazards are assessed by examining the spatial variation of disease-specific mortality or morbidity rates. These rates, when estimated for small local populations, can have a high degree of random variation or uncertainty associated with them. If those rate estimates are used to prioritize environmental clean-up actions or to allocate resources, then those decisions may be influenced by this high degree of uncertainty. Unfortunately, the effect of this uncertainty is not to add "random noise" into the decision-making process, but to systematically bias action toward the smallest populations where uncertainty is greatest and where extreme high and low rate deviations are most likely to be manifest by chance. We present a statistical procedure for adjusting rate estimates for differences in variability due to differentials in local area population sizes. Such adjustments produce rate estimates for areas that have better properties than the unadjusted rates for use in making statistically based decisions about the entire set of areas. Examples are provided for county variation in bladder, stomach, and lung cancer mortality rates for U.S. white males for the period 1970 to 1979. C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR DEMOG STUDIES,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP RIGGAN, WB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG01159] NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 96 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.2307/3431235 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT428 UT WOS:A1991HT42800037 PM 1820268 ER PT J AU CARLTON, BD BASARAN, AH MEZZA, LE GEORGE, EL SMITH, MK AF CARLTON, BD BASARAN, AH MEZZA, LE GEORGE, EL SMITH, MK TI REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS IN LONG-EVANS RATS EXPOSED TO CHLORINE DIOXIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS LABS,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80006-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU122 UT WOS:A1991GU12200006 PM 1769363 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND DAILY MORTALITY IN DETROIT SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; COMMUNITY; MODELS; LONDON RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,PM 221,401 M ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 30 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80009-X PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU122 UT WOS:A1991GU12200009 PM 1769365 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, J AF OCONNOR, J TI ENCOUNTERED DATA, STATISTICAL ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, AND WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTION METHODS - DISCUSSION SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Discussion RP OCONNOR, J (reprint author), US EPA,REG II,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD DEC PY 1991 VL 2 IS 4 BP 415 EP 417 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA HG026 UT WOS:A1991HG02600002 ER PT J AU ROSS, NP AF ROSS, NP TI ENCOUNTERED DATA, STATISTICAL ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, AND WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTION METHODS - DISCUSSION SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Discussion RP ROSS, NP (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,STAT POLICY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD DEC PY 1991 VL 2 IS 4 BP 417 EP 419 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA HG026 UT WOS:A1991HG02600003 ER PT J AU BARONE, S TANDON, P MCGINTY, JF TILSON, HA AF BARONE, S TANDON, P MCGINTY, JF TILSON, HA TI THE EFFECTS OF NGF AND FETAL CELL TRANSPLANTS ON SPATIAL-LEARNING AFTER INTRADENTATE ADMINISTRATION OF COLCHICINE SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; GRANULE CELLS; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; FACTOR INCREASES; SEPTAL GRAFTS; FACTOR GENE; AGED RATS; HIPPOCAMPAL; BRAIN C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BARONE, S (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 114 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0014-4886(91)90161-5 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GU905 UT WOS:A1991GU90500010 PM 1748209 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, BD AHUJA, DR AF SOLOMON, BD AHUJA, DR TI INTERNATIONAL REDUCTIONS OF GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS - AN EQUITABLE AND EFFICIENT APPROACH SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article AB A strategy for a successful climate protection convention must highlight the role of equity in order to bring more nations to the bargaining table. The authors propose two commerical energy protocols for consideration by negotiators in this light. The first links international trading in greenhouse-gas emission 'rights' to a country's historical per capita carbon emissions. The charge for these rights should be based on the negotiated reduction in global emissions and the demand for them, via the marketplace. The second requires inefficient countries to make steady improvements in energy efficiency or fuel substitution away from carbon as their economies develop. RP SOLOMON, BD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ATMOSPHER & INDOOR AIR PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,ANR 445,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 5 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0959-3780(91)90001-A PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA GY933 UT WOS:A1991GY93300001 ER PT J AU HALEY, JL HANSON, B ENFIELD, C GLASS, J AF HALEY, JL HANSON, B ENFIELD, C GLASS, J TI EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND-WATER EXTRACTION SYSTEMS SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The most common process for remediating contaminated ground water is extraction and treatment. Data from 19 on-going and completed ground water extraction systems were collected and analyzed (U.S. EPA 1989b) to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in achieving cleanup concentration goals for ground water. This analysis indicated several trends including (1) containment of ground water plumes was usually achieved; (2) contaminant concentrations dropped significantly initially followed by a leveling out; (3) after the period of initial rapid decline, the continued decreases in concentration were usually slower than anticipated; and (4) certain data important to optimizing system design and operation had often not been collected during the site characterization phase. Factors limiting the achievement of cleanup concentration goals fell into four basic categories: (1) hydrogeological factors, such as subsurface heterogeneity, low-permeability units, and presence of fractures; (2) contaminant-related factors, such as high sorption to soil and presence of non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phase or partitioning of contaminants from the residual non-aqueous phase); (3) continued migration from source areas and the size of the plume itself; and (4) system design factors, such as pumping rates, screened intervals, and extraction well locations. The findings of this study indicate that ground water extraction is an effective method for preventing additional migration of contaminant plumes and achieving risk reduction. However, the findings indicate that in many situations, it may not be practicable to rely solely on ground water extraction and treatment to achieve health-based cleanup concentrations throughout the contaminated zone and fulfill the primary goal of returning ground water to beneficial use. This study suggests several recommendations (U.S. EPA 1989a) for improving ground water response actions including (1) actions to contain contaminant plumes should be initiated early; (2) data on vertical variation of hydraulic conductivity, distribution of the contaminant mass, and partitioning of contaminants to soil or a stationary phase in the saturated zone should generally be collected as part of the site characterization process; (3) remedial actions should be implemented in stages to better utilize information on aquifer response as the system is being designed and implemented; (4) remedial actions should be monitored and modified during operation to optimize system efficiency; and (5) methods to enhance extraction effectiveness and efficiency should be considered. RP HALEY, JL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HAZARDOUS SITE CONTROL,REMEDIAL OPERAT & GUIDANCE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1991.tb00358.x PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EU658 UT WOS:A1991EU65800009 ER PT J AU LINAK, WP MULHOLLAND, JA MCSORLEY, JA HALL, RE SRIVASTAVA, RK RYAN, JV NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J DEMARINI, DM AF LINAK, WP MULHOLLAND, JA MCSORLEY, JA HALL, RE SRIVASTAVA, RK RYAN, JV NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J DEMARINI, DM TI APPLICATION OF STAGED COMBUSTION AND REBURNING TO THE CO-FIRING OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING WASTES SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A 0.6 MW (2,000,000 Btu/hr) precombustion chamber burner, designed for in-furnace nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) control, high combustion efficiency, and retrofit applications was evaluated for use with high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The 250- to 750-ms residence time precombustion chamber burner mounted on a prototype watertube package boiler simulator used air staging and in-furnace natural gas reburning to control NO(x) emissions. Previous work (13) has reported on tests in which natural gas doped with ammonia (NH3) and No. 2 distillate fuel oil doped with pyridine (C5H5N) were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The present study reports on research in which the low NO(x) precombustor was used to examine the co-firing characteristics of a nitrogen-containing pesticide, containing dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6 dinitrophenol) in a fuel-oil/xylene solvent. The dinoseb formulation as fired contained 6.4% nitrogen. NO(x) emissions without in-furnace control exceeded 4400 ppm (corrected to 0% 02). When NO(x) controls is the form of air staging and natural gas reburning were employed, these emissions were reduced to below 150 ppm (96% reduction). Average CO and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions were typically less than 15 and 2 ppm, respectively. Dinoseb was not detected in any emission sample, and the destruction efficiency (DE) was determined to be greater than 99.99%. Mutagenicity studies of the dinoseb emissions showed that the mutagenic emission factors measured with either air staging or air staging and reburning were similar to those measured for the burning of fuel oil for residential heating (22, 28). RP LINAK, WP (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1089/hwm.1991.8.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FG395 UT WOS:A1991FG39500001 ER PT J AU HOLM, TR SCHOCK, MR AF HOLM, TR SCHOCK, MR TI POLYPHOSPHATE DEBATE - REPLY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HOLM, TR (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 12 BP 10 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GV113 UT WOS:A1991GV11300002 ER PT J AU NUSSBAUM, BD AF NUSSBAUM, BD TI PHASING DOWN LEAD IN GASOLINE THROUGH ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The phaseout of leaded gasoline in the United States was accomplished through a series of measures known as the lead-phasedown program. In accomplishing this program, the regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) employed various methods of control from pure mandate to flexibility-based rules employing economic incentives. This paper discusses the elements of the structure of a flexible system, describes EPA's evolution into such a structure, reviews the governmental administration of the program, and estimates some of the reduced costs and increased benefits that resulted. The lessons learned should be useful for applying flexible and incentive-based regulations to other programs. RP NUSSBAUM, BD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF MOBILE SOURCES,FIELD OPERAT & COMPLIANCE POLICY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9402 J9 J ENERG ENG-ASCE JI J. Energy Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1991 VL 117 IS 3 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1991)117:3(115) PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA GQ776 UT WOS:A1991GQ77600002 ER PT J AU ARCIA, E ORNSTEIN, PA OTTO, DA AF ARCIA, E ORNSTEIN, PA OTTO, DA TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL EVALUATION SYSTEM (NES) AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSROOM; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; TASK C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP ARCIA, E (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CB 3270,DAVIE HALL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4405 J9 J SCHOOL PSYCHOL JI J. Sch. Psychol. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0022-4405(91)90021-I PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA GM842 UT WOS:A1991GM84200005 ER PT J AU RHODES, WJ AF RHODES, WJ TI STRATOSPHERIC OZONE PROTECTION - AN EPA ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Chlorine released into the atmosphere is a major factor in the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol, as amended in 1990, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, address the limits and reduction schedules to be placed on chlorine- and bromine-containing chemicals. The status of technical solutions to the problem of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride in the major use areas of refrigeration, foam, aerosols, fire protection, and solvents is discussed here. The discussion includes the cooperative efforts involving academia, industry, U.S. governmental organizations, and other nations who are contributing solutions to these problems. RP RHODES, WJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,STRATOSPHER OZONE PROTECT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1584 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY979 UT WOS:A1991GY97900005 ER PT J AU LEWIS, NM GATCHETT, AM AF LEWIS, NM GATCHETT, AM TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SITE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM - 1991 UPDATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Emerging Technology Program (ETP) supports the development of technologies successfully tested at the bench- and pilot-scale level. The ETP is part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program which was established in 1986 under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The goal of the SITE Program is to promote, accelerate, and make commercially available the development and use of alternative/innovative treatment technologies at hazardous waste sites. Technologies are eligible for the ETP Program when sufficient research data exists validating the technologies' basic concepts. The EPA contributes funds to support developers for one or two years. Developers are responsible for conducting research and providing additional financial support in this cooperative research effort. Technologies are categorized into six areas: thermal, chemical, biological, materials handling, physical, and solidification/stabilization. The technologies' performance, development and data collection are documented and evaluated upon completion of the project. The goal is to accelerate the development of new technologies capable of field demonstration and evaluation. Current information on the ETP program, including a brief introduction and description of the program, is presented in this paper. In addition, summaries of the research on the selected 1991 technologies currently being conducted are provided. RP LEWIS, NM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1645 EP 1653 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY979 UT WOS:A1991GY97900012 ER PT J AU MARTIN, JF TOPUDURTI, K LABUNSKI, S AF MARTIN, JF TOPUDURTI, K LABUNSKI, S TI DEMONSTRATION OF MICROFILTRATION TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. (DuPont) and the Oberlin Filter Company (Oberlin), undertook a field demonstration project to evaluate microfiltration technology for removal of zinc and suspended solids from wastewater. The microfiltration system utilized DuPont's Tyvek T-980 membrane filter media in conjunction with the Oberlin automatic pressure filter. The project was undertaken at the Palmerton Zinc Superfund site in April 1990 to verify the ability of the technology to remove dissolved zinc from the site's shallow groundwater. Pretreatment of the groundwater with lime for pH adjustment to precipitate dissolved zinc and other metals was included as part of the technology demonstration program. Analysis of the treated filtrate indicated that the system removed precipitated zinc and other suspended solids at an efficiency greater than 99.9 percent. The filter cake produced during the study passed both the Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) tests. C1 PRC ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT INC,CHICAGO,IL. RP MARTIN, JF (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1653 EP 1657 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY979 UT WOS:A1991GY97900013 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP AF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI THE USE OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN 1ST-TIER ASSESSMENTS OF NEUROTOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; INJURY; DAMAGE AB Diverse neurotoxic insults result in proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes, a subtype of central nervous system glia. The hallmark of this response, often termed "reactive gliosis," is the enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These morphological observations suggest that GFAP may be a useful biochemical indicator of neurotoxicity. To investigate this possibility we have administered prototype neurotoxicants to experimental animals and then assessed the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP, as determined by radioimmunoassay. We found that assays of GFAP reveal dose-, time-, and region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity at toxicant dosages below those that cause light microscopic evidence of cell loss or damage. No false positives have been seen following exposure to a variety of pharmacological agents. By using regional assessments of GFAP in a first-tier evaluation, it should be possible to localize areas of damage. A second-tier evaluation, using assays of proteins or transmitters associated with cells in the affected region, may reveal the cellular targets of neurotoxicity. This two-tiered approach should serve as a foundation for guiding studies aimed at determining mechanisms of neurotoxicity. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 10 IS 6 BP 719 EP 726 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HL655 UT WOS:A1991HL65500009 ER PT J AU OSULLIVAN, DW HANSON, AK MILLER, WL KESTER, DR AF OSULLIVAN, DW HANSON, AK MILLER, WL KESTER, DR TI MEASUREMENT OF FE(II) IN SURFACE-WATER OF THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON WHAT CONTROLS PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION IN NUTRIENT-RICH AREAS OF THE OPEN SEA CY FEB 22-24, 1991 CL SAN MARCOS, CA SP AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; NATURAL-WATERS; FERROUS IRON; AQUEOUS PHOTOLYSIS; OXIDATION-KINETICS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MANGANESE OXIDES; SEAWATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISSOLUTION AB The distribution of Fe(II) in euphotic waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean was examined with novel in situ sampling and analytical methodology. Dissolved Fe(II) was isolated and preconcentrated, at depth, with a ligand-exchange chromatographic technique and then determined spectrophotometrically. The distribution of Fe(II) in the upper 100 m was both temporally and spatially variable but generally exhibited maxima near the surface and often at depths with higher concentrations of Chl a. The concentration of Fe(II) varied from below the detection limit of 0. 1 2 to 0. 5 3 nmol kg-1. Exposure of equatorial Pacific water to simulated sunlight in the laboratory resulted in similar Fe(II) concentrations, suggesting that photochemical reduction may be an important source for Fe(II) in these waters. Field measurements indicate that Fe(II) may comprise a significant fraction of the Fe present in euphotic ocean waters, which typically contain < 1.0 nmol kg-1 of dissolved Fe. The presence of detectable steady state concentrations of Fe(II) is believed to be the result of faster rates of photochemical and(or) biological reduction of Fe(III), relative to rates of Fe(II) oxidation by oxygen, peroxides, and other oxidants. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP OSULLIVAN, DW (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 66 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1727 EP 1741 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HR981 UT WOS:A1991HR98100017 ER PT J AU REILLY, WK AF REILLY, WK TI GENERATIONAL CHANGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL-LAW SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP REILLY, WK (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA FY654 UT WOS:A1991FY65400001 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B JONES, K GUPTA, S PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C AF VERONESI, B JONES, K GUPTA, S PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C TI GENE PROBE FOR PO MESSENGER-RNA USED TO INDEX ACRYLAMIDE TOXIC NEUROPATHY IN RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACRYLAMIDE; MOLECULAR NEUROTOXICOLOGY; GENE PROBES; TOXIC AXONOPATHY; PO-MESSENGER RNA ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SCHWANN-CELLS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; SCIATIC-NERVE; MOUSE-BRAIN; MYELIN; TRIMETHYLTIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; INDUCTION AB Cumulative exposure to the neurotoxicant acrylamide produces axonal damage in the distal ends of both central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nerve fibers and subsequent hind-limb paralysis. The messenger RNA which codes for the PNS myelin glycoprotein PO (PO-mRNA) was used to monitor this toxic neuropathy in Sprague Dawley rats prior to, concurrent with, and subsequent to, ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically defined nerve damage. Rats were dosed every other day with acrylamide (50 mg/kg, IP) and sampled intermittently throughout a 4 week exposure period. Slot blot and Northern gel analyses of the proximal and distal sciatic nerve were used to determine a quantitated measure of PO-mRNA. Twentyfour hours after the first treatment, in the absence of ultrastructural damage, PO-mRNA increased 55% over control levels in the distal sciatic nerve. After 12 treatments, and concomitant with the appearance of spinal cord and PNS neuropathic damage and hindlimb dysfunction, PO-mRNA decreased 45% below control levels. Levels of PO-mRNA from rats exposed to 12 treatments of acrylamide but allowed to recover for 40 days, returned to 79% of control values to reflect the regeneration and remyelination occurring in the distal sciatic nerve. In spite of these fluctuations in levels of PO-mRNA, immunocytochemical staining of PO protein in plastic sections of the distal sciatic nerve was present throughout all sample times. These results suggest that changes in neural specific mRNAs are sensitive to neurotoxic damage and can be used to monitor the pathogenesis of nerve degeneration. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,HALIFAX B3H 4H2,NS,CANADA. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD WIN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 4 BP 715 EP 732 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GV740 UT WOS:A1991GV74000008 PM 1724557 ER PT J AU PERKINS, AN ECKERMAN, DA MACPHAIL, RC AF PERKINS, AN ECKERMAN, DA MACPHAIL, RC TI DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF TRIADIMEFON - COMPARISON WITH METHYLPHENIDATE SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE TRIADIMEFON; METHYLPHENIDATE; DRUG DISCRIMINATION; RATS ID TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; RATS; DRUGS AB Two groups of rats (N = 4 each) were trained to discriminate either triadimefon (40 mg/kg) or methylphenidate (4 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever, milk-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm. Dose-response functions were determined during 5-min extinction sessions. Both agents produced a dose-related increase in the percentage of responses that occurred on the drug lever. In the substitution phase of the study, rats trained to discriminate triadimefon were tested with methylphenidate and rats trained to discriminate methylphenidate were tested with triadimefon. Triadimefon substituted completely for methylphenidate and methylphenidate substituted completely for triadimefon. These results indicate that triadimefon can function as a discriminative stimulus and that it shares discriminative stimulus properties with methylphenidate. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL & NEUROBIOL CURRICULUM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90081-C PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GW603 UT WOS:A1991GW60300008 PM 1816563 ER PT J AU ALLEN, AR MACPHAIL, RC AF ALLEN, AR MACPHAIL, RC TI EFFECTS OF TRIADIMEFON ON A MULTIPLE SCHEDULE OF FIXED-INTERVAL PERFORMANCE - COMPARISON WITH METHYLPHENIDATE, D-AMPHETAMINE AND CHLORPROMAZINE SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE TRIADIMEFON; TRIAZOLE; FUNGICIDE; MULTIPLE SCHEDULE; FIXED-INTERVAL; D-AMPHETAMINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANT; CHLORPROMAZINE; RATS ID TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; RATS; BEHAVIOR; CHLORDIMEFORM; HYPERACTIVITY AB Triadimefon is a fungicide that has recently been shown to increase motor activity and rates of schedule-controlled responding. These findings indicate that triadimefon resembles psychomotor stimulants and in this respect is a unique pesticide. The present experiment was designed to evaluate triadimefon's effects on performance maintained by a multiple schedule of reinforcement and to compare triadimefon to known psychomotor stimulants. Four rats were trained to perform under a mult FI 1-min FI 5-min schedule of milk reinforcement. They then received a series of dosages of triadimefon (10-170 mg/kg, IP) and of methylphenidate (1-17.3 mg/kg, IP) in a counterbalanced order. Triadimefon increased response rates in both the FI 1-min and FI 5-min components. Methylphenidate did not consistently alter response rates in either component. Temporal patterns of responding were disrupted much more in the FI 5-min component than in the FI 1-min component by both triadimefon and methylphenidate. Performances were then evaluated following a series of dosages of d-amphetamine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, IP) and chlorpromazine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg, IP). Response rates were increased by d-amphetamine in the FI 1-min component but not in the FI 5-min component. Like triadimefon and methylphenidate, d-amphetamine produced a greater disruption of response patterning in FI 5-min than in FI 1-min. Only chlorpromazine decreased response rates in both components. Chlorpromazine also disrupted FI 5-min response patterning, but left FI 1-min patterning intact. Although triadimefon did not closely resemble any of the comparison drugs, it had opposite effects on response rates from chlorpromazine in both components of the schedule and resembled d-amphetamine in its effects on FI 1-min response rates. The rate-increasing effects frequently obtained with psychomotor stimulants were more evident for triadimefon than for either methylphenidate or d-amphetamine. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL & NEUROBIOL CURRICULUM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90085-G PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GW603 UT WOS:A1991GW60300012 PM 1816565 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ STANTON, ME AF BUSHNELL, PJ STANTON, ME TI SERIAL SPATIAL REVERSAL-LEARNING IN RATS - COMPARISON OF INSTRUMENTAL AND AUTOMAINTENANCE PROCEDURES SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE AUTOMAINTENANCE; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING; RAT; REVERSAL LEARNING; REPEATED ACQUISITION; SERIAL REVERSALS; SPATIAL DISCRIMINATION ID DISRUPTS; MONKEYS AB Serial reversals of a spatial discrimination were trained in rats under automaintenance conditions, in which food reward occurred regardless of responding. This automaintained reversal learning was compared to instrumental reversal learning in other rats trained under a similar procedure which required responding for reward. In the automaintenance (AU) procedure, rats received food after every retraction of a "positive" response lever (S+); retraction of a second, "neutral" lever (S(o)) was not paired with food delivery. Responses to the S+ were elicited at fairly constant rates during daily 100-trial conditioning sessions. Responses to the S' occurred early in each session but rapidly diminished across trials. When the valences of the levers were reversed, responding shifted to the new S+ and diminished on the new S(o). Criterion for reversal was defined as a discrimination ratio (DR) of at least 90% responding to the S+ in two consecutive 10-trial blocks. With repeated reversals, acquisition of criterion performance occurred with increasing rapidity, reaching an asymptote below that required for the original discrimination, A second group of rats was trained on a similar instrumental schedule, in which at least one response to the S+ was required for food delivery. Response rates in this instrumental (IN) group were approximately double those of the AU group. However, ratios of S+ to S(o) response rates were similar to those of the AU group, and the serial reversal curves generated were qualitatively similar. Thus rats can show improvement across serial reversals of a spatial discrimination based entirely on pairings of stimulus events (automaintenance), in a manner similar to that observed in instrumental procedures, in which reward is contingent upon correct responding. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90575-9 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA GV694 UT WOS:A1991GV69400011 PM 1798769 ER PT J AU EISINGER, DS SIMMONS, RA LAMMERING, M SOTIROS, R AF EISINGER, DS SIMMONS, RA LAMMERING, M SOTIROS, R TI SCREENING RADON RISKS - A METHODOLOGY FOR POLICY-MAKERS SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,RADIAT PROGRAMS BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80202. US EPA,POLLUT PREVENT OFF,DENVER,CO 80202. RP EISINGER, DS (reprint author), SYST APPLICAT INC,POLICY & PLANNING GRP,101 LUCAS VALLEY RD,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94903, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90028-T PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GU227 UT WOS:A1991GU22700005 PM 1771267 ER PT J AU STEVENS, DK BULL, RJ NAUMAN, CH BLANCATO, JN AF STEVENS, DK BULL, RJ NAUMAN, CH BLANCATO, JN TI DECISION-MODEL FOR BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARCINOGEN C1 US EPA,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP STEVENS, DK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL PHARM,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 286 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90031-P PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GU227 UT WOS:A1991GU22700008 PM 1771270 ER PT J AU SEBAUGH, JL WILSON, JD TUCKER, MW ADAMS, WJ AF SEBAUGH, JL WILSON, JD TUCKER, MW ADAMS, WJ TI A STUDY OF THE SHAPE OF DOSE-RESPONSE CURVES FOR ACUTE LETHALITY AT LOW RESPONSE - A MEGADAPHNIA STUDY SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DOSE RESPONSE CURVE; GENERALIZED LOGISTIC; LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; STANDARD-SETTING AB Dose-response curves were developed for the immobilization response in Daphnia magna to four toxicants. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the form of the model and the number of concentration levels used on the estimates of typical low-dose effective concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%). The generalized four-parameter logistic model was used as the reference. When using 12 concentration levels, one of the logistic family two- or three-parameter models was shown reliably to represent each of these various sets of dose-response data, and to provide adequate estimates of EC01 and EC05, as well as EC10 and EC50. For two of the toxicants, an asymmetric model was required. When reducing the number of concentrations to five, the EC10 and EC50 were well estimated by the probit model, with acceptable results at the EC05 level. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SEBAUGH, JL (reprint author), SEBAUGHS INFORMAT SERV,POB 1180,LAKE OZARK,MO 65049, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00652.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA GV905 UT WOS:A1991GV90500009 PM 1723529 ER PT J AU LIPNICK, RL AF LIPNICK, RL TI OUTLIERS - THEIR ORIGIN AND USE IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NARCOSIS; ELECTROPHILE; ALCOHOLS; GUPPY; QSAR AB Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) provide a useful tool for defining a mathematical relationship between chemical structure and toxicity, and for applying such statistically derived models for predicting the toxicity of untested chemicals. Outlier chemicals can be encountered both in the derivation of QSAR models as well as in their application. Information regarding the relationship between molecular descriptors and molecular mechanism of toxicity can provide insight into the origin of outlier behavior as well as guidance regarding the predictive limitations of such models. Comparison of measured toxicity data for fish and rats with baseline QSAR prediction provides a means of identifying outliers and for categorizing more specific molecular mechanisms. RP US EPA, OFF TOX SUBST TS-796, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 30 TC 161 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 131 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90175-E PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700012 PM 1815349 ER PT J AU PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL AF PEIJNENBURG, WJGM THART, MJ DENHOLLANDER, HA VANDEMEENT, D VERBOOM, HH WOLFE, NL TI QSARS FOR PREDICTING BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION RATE CONSTANTS OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN ANOXIC SEDIMENT SYSTEMS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS AB Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are developed relating biotic and abiotic pseudo-first-order disappearance rate constants of halogenated hydrocarbons in anoxic sediments to a number of readily available molecular descriptors. Based upon knowledge of the underlying reaction mechanisms the following descriptors were selected: Carbon-halogen bond strength. The summation of the Hammett (aromatics) and Taft (aliphatics) sigma constants and the inductive constants (aromatics) of the additional substituents. Carbon-carbon bond dissociation energy (aliphatics). Steric factors of the additional substituents (aromatics). Comparison of the abiotic and biotic QSARs clearly showed the close similarities between both processes. By correlating the rate constants for reduction of a number of halocarbons obtained in a number of distinct sediment samples to the organic carbon content of the samples, the QSARs were made operative for predicting rates of reduction of given halocarbons in given sediment-water systems. The correlations were enhanced by taking into account the fraction of the compounds sorbed to the solid phase. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PEIJNENBURG, WJGM (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH,ECOTOXICOL ENVIRONM CHEM & DRINKING WATER LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RI van de Meent, Dik/C-3982-2011; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; OI peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 283 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90185-H PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700022 ER PT J AU NEWSOME, LD JOHNSON, DE LIPNICK, RL BRODERIUS, SJ RUSSOM, CL AF NEWSOME, LD JOHNSON, DE LIPNICK, RL BRODERIUS, SJ RUSSOM, CL TI A QSAR STUDY OF THE TOXICITY OF AMINES TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS ID FISH TOXICITY; MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CHEMICALS; PHENOLS AB Simple and multiple linear regressions were applied to the development of fish toxicity QSAR models for the 96-h LC50 to the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. The data on unbranched saturated primary alkylamines as well as the complete data set were well-fitted to linear QSAR models using log P or the valence first-order connectivity index (1X(v)) as descriptors. Although adding data on other subclasses of amines in this data set yield acceptable QSARs, only the tertiary amine subclass provided a poor fit with both of these descriptors. The amines include both acyclic and cyclic derivatives, either with no additional functional groups, or with the hydroxyl, keto, methoxy, and propargyl moieties. The molecular mechanism for fish toxicity of these amines as well as the outliers in the study were investigated. Based upon the calculated log P value of -1.40, tripropargylamine has an apparent excess toxicity of 84 times; in contrast, the measured shake-flask log P for this compound was subsequently found to be 1.26, giving a predicted LC50 consistent with the observed value. An upward curvature of the QSAR plot for the most hydrophilic compounds suggests a shift in mechanism for the lowest members of the series. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP NEWSOME, LD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS-796,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 537 EP 551 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90207-U PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700044 PM 1815372 ER PT J AU HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS STITELER, W MEYLAN, W BEAUMAN, J AF HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS STITELER, W MEYLAN, W BEAUMAN, J TI DEVELOPMENT OF A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR BIODEGRADABILITY BASED ON BIODEG, THE EVALUATED BIODEGRADATION DATA-BASE SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS AB A file of evaluated biodegradation data was used to develop a model for predicting aerobic biodegradability from chemical structure alone. Chemicals were initially divided into three groups: (i) chemicals that degrade rapidly under most environmental conditions without requiring acclimation; (ii) chemicals that degrade slowly or not at all; and (iii) chemicals that are biodegradable, but only after an acclimation period. Chemicals in the first two groups were then used to develop a model for classifying chemicals as rapidly or not rapidly biodegradable. The model is based on linear regression against 34 preselected substructures, and correctly classifies 92% (211 or 229) of the chemicals in the final training set. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. SYRACUSE RES CORP,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP BOETHLING, RS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90216-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700053 PM 1815378 ER PT J AU LYNCH, DG TIRADO, NF BOETHLING, RS HUSE, GR THOM, GC AF LYNCH, DG TIRADO, NF BOETHLING, RS HUSE, GR THOM, GC TI PERFORMANCE OF ONLINE CHEMICAL-PROPERTY ESTIMATION METHODS WITH TSCA PREMANUFACTURE NOTICE CHEMICALS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS AB CHEMEST is an interactive on-line system for estimating chemical properties important in environmental fate assessment. Since 1982, CHEMEST has been used mainly to estimate properties of "new" chemicals, for which premanufacture notices (PMNs) must be submitted under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Until now, there has been no attempt to measure system performance with PMN chemicals. We retrieved measured values of key properties for more than 300 PMN chemicals having discrete structures, and compared these with estimates from AUTOCHEM, an automated version of CHEMEST. Method errors were greater than for existing chemicals, as expected. Water solubility, log K(ow) and vapor pressures > 1 mm Hg were estimated with acceptable accuracy, but the performance of the melting point and boiling point estimation methods was relatively poor. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. VERSAR INC,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22151. RP BOETHLING, RS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90217-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700054 ER PT J AU NABHOLZ, JV AF NABHOLZ, JV TI ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER THE UNITED-STATES TOXIC-SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS AB The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was enacted in 1976 and provides for the regulation of industrial chemicals. TSCA allows for regulation of a chemical if there is an unreasonable risk towards human health or the environment, and it allows for testing if a chemical may present an unreasonable risk or has significant exposure towards humans or the environment. Risk assessment under TSCA consists of the integration of the hazard assessment for a chemical with the chemical's exposure assessment. The environmental hazard assessment consists of identifying all of the effects of a chemical towards organisms in the environment, and towards the populations, communitities, and ecosystems to which those organisms belong. Toxicity data for a chemical consists of effective concentrations (EC) which indicate the type of effect and the seriousness of that effect at a known concentration of chemical. Effective concentrations are either measured or predicted using structure activity relationships (SAR). SAR may consist of nearest analog analysis, member of a toxic chemical class, or quantitative SAR (QSAR). A collection of all of the ECs for a chemical is called a hazard profile or a toxicity profile. The environmental exposure assessment consists of measuring or predicting the environmental concentrations of a chemical from releases due to its production, processing, uses, and disposal. There are two types of exposure assessment most frequently used under TSCA: the Percentile Stream Flow Method and the Probability Dilution Model (PDM) Method. Environmental risk assessment under TSCA is performed by using the quotient method. This method simply compares an EC with the actual or predicted environmental concentrations (PEC). If the PEC is greater than the EC, then you have a potential risk. The risk assessment process usually consists of three steps: (i) worst case risk assessment, (ii) identification of the type of risk (e.g., acute and/or chronic risk), and (iii) quantification of the degree of environmental risk or the potential environmental impact expected for each type of risk. If the risk assessment determines that a chemical presents a potential risk to the environment, then the results of this assessment are integrated with the economic assessment, any relative risk factors, and governmental policy in order to decide whether a chemical present an unreasonable risk to the environment. RP NABHOLZ, JV (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS796,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 649 EP 665 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90218-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700055 PM 1815379 ER PT J AU RUSSOM, CL ANDERSON, EB GREENWOOD, BE PILLI, A AF RUSSOM, CL ANDERSON, EB GREENWOOD, BE PILLI, A TI ASTER - IN INTEGRATION OF THE AQUIRE DATA-BASE AND THE QSAR SYSTEM FOR USE IN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY CY SEP 16-20, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS AB Ecological risk assessments are used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and other governmental agencies to assist in determining the probability and magnitude of deleterious effects of hazardous chemicals on plants and animals. These assessments are important steps in formulating regulatory decisions. The completion of an ecological risk assessment requires the gathering of ecotoxicological hazard and environmental exposure information. This information is evaluated in the risk characterization section to assist in making the final risk assessment. ASTER (ASsessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk) was designed by the US EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth (ERL-D) to assist regulators in producing assessments. ASTER is an integration of the AQUIRE (AQUatic toxicity Information REtrieval system) and QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships) systems. AQUIRE is a data base of aquatic toxicity tests and QSAR is comprised of a data base of measured physicochemical properties, and various QSAR models that estimate physicochemical and ecotoxicological endpoints. ASTER will be available to international governmental agencies through the US EPA National Computing Center. C1 COMP SCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP RUSSOM, CL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 109 BP 667 EP 670 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90219-5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV457 UT WOS:A1991GV45700056 PM 1815380 ER PT J AU SETZER, RW ROGERS, JM AF SETZER, RW ROGERS, JM TI ASSESSING DEVELOPMENTAL HAZARD - THE RELIABILITY OF THE A/D RATIO SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENIC HAZARDS; TOXICITY; RESPONSES; SYSTEM AB The quantitative relationship between developmentally toxic exposure levels and adult toxic exposure levels has been used as an index of developmental hazard and has figured prominently in discussions of legal regulation of developmentally toxic agents. Perhaps the most frequently cited index of developmental hazard is the A/D ratio. This index, a ratio of marginally toxic adult and developmental dose levels (e.g., NOAELs or LOAELs), is attractive because it is easily calculated from published toxicity assays and because it has been argued that A/D is relatively constant across species for a given agent. We explored some quantitative aspects of the A/D ratio and of the concept of developmental hazard by simulating 661,500 mammalian developmental toxicity assays on 441 hypothetical compounds. In our simulations, A/D often varied substantially among replicate assays: the median ratio of the upper and lower limits of the distribution of A/D values that include about 95% of the observed A/D values is 16. In addition, A/D did a poor job of predicting the relative developmental and adult responses at dosages lower than those used to calculate the index: among simulated compounds with A/Ds of about 1.0, the developmental response at 1/100th of the NOAEL ranged from about 0.1% to 20,000% of the adult response. Finally, we measured the concordance between pairs of four different indices of developmental hazard, including A/D. Concordance was greatest when the indices were based on the same portion of the dose response, and was much weaker between indices that examined different portions of the dose response. Therefore, it seems likely that no single index can quantify "developmental hazard," as defined by relative adult and developmental susceptibility, and more effort needs to be expended in refining the concept if it is to be useful for hazard assessment. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,BIOSTAT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SETZER, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-55,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.1002/tera.1420440608 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA GX841 UT WOS:A1991GX84100007 PM 1805436 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L RICHARDS, J HIGHFILL, J AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L RICHARDS, J HIGHFILL, J TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND THERMOREGULATION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE IN THE RAT SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HYPOTHERMIA; HYPERTHERMIA; COLONIC TEMPERATURE; SKIN TEMPERATURE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ID TEMPERATURE REGULATION; SOMAN; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; INTOXICATION; HYPOTHERMIA AB This study examined the relationship between inhibition of cholinesterase activity (CA) and thermoregulatory response in the rat following exposure to the organophosphate (OP), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Male Long-Evans rats were injected with DFP dissolved in peanut oil in doses ranging from 0 to 1.5 mg/kg (s.c.). Colonic (T(col)) and tail skin temperature (T(tail)) were recorded at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h post-injection. At 3 h post-injection the rat was sacrificed and a blood sample was taken by cardiac puncture and analyzed for CA. There was a biphasic dose effect of DFP on T(col) with slight but significant elevation in T(col) in the dose range of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg and a significant depression in T(col) at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg. There was a dose-dependent fall in CA with DFP administration in the erythrocyte, plasma, and whole blood fractions. Hypothermia was associated with 80-87% inhibition in CA, whereas the elevation in T(col) was associated with 20-70% inhibition in CA. DFP also elicited significant elevations in T(tail). Overall, the data fail to demonstrate any clear relationship between inhibition of blood CA and thermoregulatory response following exposure to DFP. However, the elevation in T(col) following relatively low doses of DFP may be of relevance to the frequently reported symptom of fever in humans exposed to OP agents. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV SPECIAL SUPPORT SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NSI TECHNOL SERV INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 59 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(91)90068-H PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GW207 UT WOS:A1991GW20700018 PM 1755022 ER PT J AU DADY, JM BRADBURY, SP HOFFMAN, AD VOIT, MM OLSON, DL AF DADY, JM BRADBURY, SP HOFFMAN, AD VOIT, MM OLSON, DL TI HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL N-HYDROXYLATION OF ANILINE AND 4-CHLOROANILINE BY RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCHORHYNCUS-MYKISS) SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; ARYLAMIDE HERBICIDE PROPANIL; ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; PRIMARY AROMATIC-AMINES; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ENVIRONMENTAL XENOBIOTICS; CARCINOGENIC ARYLAMINES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; C-OXIDATION; METABOLISM AB 1. N-Hydroxylation of aniline and 4-chloroaniline was quantified in rainbow trout microsomal preparations using h.p.l.c.-liquid scintillation methods. Radioactive phenylhydroxylamine and 4-chlorophenylhydroxylamine metabolites were identified by co-elution with non-labelled standards. The method provided resolution of metabolite standards, and quantification of both N-hydroxylated metabolites was achieved without derivatization. 2. The maximum velocities at 25-degrees-C were 33.8 +/- 1.40 and 22.0 +/- 0.98 pmol/min per mg for aniline and 4-chloroaniline N-hydroxylation, respectively. The K(m) values were 1.0 +/- 0.11 and 0.8 +/- 0.11 mM for aniline and 4-chloroaniline N-hydroxylation, respectively. These activities were not induced by treatment of the trout with Aroclor 1254 under the conditions of this study. 3. When incubations were performed at 11-degrees-C, the physiological temperature of rainbow trout in this study, the V(max) for 4-chloroaniline N-hydroxylation decreased from 22.0 to 6.4 pmol/min per mg and the K(m) decreased from 0.8 to 0.5 mM. 4. The pH optimum for 4-chloroaniline N-hydroxylation was 8.0 while the pH optimum for aniline N-hydroxylation ranged from 7.4 to 8.0, suggesting the possible contribution of different isoenzymes. 5. The demonstration of aniline and 4-chloroaniline N-hydroxylation by rainbow trout microsomes provides further insight into the high acute:subchronic toxicity ratios observed in fish exposed to these compounds. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP DADY, JM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN SUPERIOR,1800 GRAND AVE,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1605 EP 1620 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GZ046 UT WOS:A1991GZ04600006 PM 1785206 ER PT J AU KIMM, VJ AF KIMM, VJ TI ALARS RISKS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP KIMM, VJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 29 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5036 BP 1276 EP 1276 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GR777 UT WOS:A1991GR77700004 PM 1962184 ER PT J AU HOGAN, KB HOFFMAN, JS THOMPSON, AM AF HOGAN, KB HOFFMAN, JS THOMPSON, AM TI METHANE ON THE GREENHOUSE AGENDA SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP HOGAN, KB (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR & RADIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 11 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 1991 VL 354 IS 6350 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1038/354181a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GQ948 UT WOS:A1991GQ94800018 ER PT J AU SCHERAGA, JD LEARY, NA AF SCHERAGA, JD LEARY, NA TI EFFICIENCY OF CLIMATE POLICY SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP SCHERAGA, JD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 1991 VL 354 IS 6350 BP 193 EP 193 DI 10.1038/354193a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GQ948 UT WOS:A1991GQ94800030 ER PT J AU WANG, J FREIHA, B NASER, N ROMERO, EG WOLLENBERGER, U OZSOZ, M EVANS, O AF WANG, J FREIHA, B NASER, N ROMERO, EG WOLLENBERGER, U OZSOZ, M EVANS, O TI AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSING OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES WITH PEROXIDASE-MODIFIED ELECTRODES SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE AMPEROMETRY; BIOSENSORS; ELECTRODES; PEROXIDASE-MODIFIED ELECTRODES ID SOLVENTS AB An amperometric enzyme electrode for organic peroxides, based on the incorporation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into a carbon paste matrix, is reported. The electrode responds rapidly to low (micromolar) concentrations of such peroxides, in accordance to the following sensitivity trend: butanone peroxide > tert-butyl peroxibenzoate > cumene hydroperoxides > triphenylmethyl hydroperoxide > tert-butyl hydroperoxide > tert-amyl perbenzoate > tert-butyl peroxiacetate. The effect of various operational parameters is explored for optimum analytical performance. The dynamic properties of this electrode are exploited for detection in flow injection systems. Work in mixed nonaqueous-aqueous media allows the quantitation of highly hydrophobic peroxides and extension of the linear range. Similar organic peroxide detection is reported for the incorporation of HRP within a rigid graphite-epoxy matrix, and for a tissue (horseradish-root) modified electrode. Applicability of the HRP electrode for assays of drinking water is illustrated and prospects for its utility in environmental work are discussed. Analogous measurements using another (fungal) peroxidase are reported. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,MADRID 34,SPAIN. CENT INST MOLEC BIOL,BERLIN,GERMANY. RP WANG, J (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI ozsoz, mehmet/B-5766-2009; Gonzalez Romero, Elisa/I-5777-2012; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 OI Gonzalez Romero, Elisa/0000-0001-8728-295X; NR 19 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(91)90012-T PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GT069 UT WOS:A1991GT06900011 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S LASLEY, J CURTI, S ROSS, J NELSON, G SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A AF NESNOW, S LASLEY, J CURTI, S ROSS, J NELSON, G SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A TI MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND DNA ADDUCT FORMATION BY BENZ[J]ACEANTHRYLENE AND ITS METABOLITES IN C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS - EVIDENCE FOR BOTH CYCLOPENTA-RING AND BAY-REGION METABOLIC-ACTIVATION PATHWAYS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUSED ISOMERS; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; LIVER; LINE; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; BENZO(A)PYRENE; MUTAGENICITY; SENSITIVITY; BACTERIAL AB Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related to 3-methylcholanthrene, has been studied to identify the major routes of metabolic activation in transformable C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts in culture. Previous studies have reported that the major (55% of total) B[j]A metabolite formed by C3H10T1/2 cells was (+/-)-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-B[j]A B[j]A-9,10-diol), the dihydrodiol in the bay-region ring, with moderate amounts (14% of total) of (+/-)-trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-B[j]A (B[j]A-1,2-diol), the cyclopenta-ring dihydrodiol. The morphological transforming activities of three potential intermediates formed by metabolism of B[j]A by C3H10T1/2 cells, (+/-)-anti-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-B[j]A-7,8-oxide (B[j]A-diol-epoxide), B[j]A-9,10-oxide, and B[j]A-1,2-oxide as well as the two B[j]A-dihydrodiols were examined. B[j]A, B[j]A-diol-epoxide, B[j]A-1,2-oxide, and B[j]A-9,10-diol were found to have moderate to strong activities with B[j]A-diol-epoxide the most active compared to B[j]A, while B[j]A-1,2-diol was inactive. B[j]A-9,10-oxide was found to be a weak transforming agent. At 0.5-mu-g/ml, the following percentage of dishes with type II or III foci were observed: B[j]A, 59%; B[j]A-diol-epoxide, 75%; B[j]A-1,2-oxide, 25%; and B[j]A-9,10-diol, 17%. DNA adducts of B[j]A, B[j]A-9,10-diol, B[j]A-diol-epoxide, B[j]A-9,10-oxide, and B[j]A-1,2-oxide in C3H10T1/2 cells were isolated, separated, identified, and quantitated using the P-32-postlabeling method. B[j]A forms two major groups of adducts: one group of adducts is the result of the interaction of B[j]A-1,2-oxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine; the second group of adducts is a result of the interaction of B[j]A-diol-epoxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the postlabeling data suggests that B[j]A is metabolically activated by two distinct routes, the bay-region diol-epoxide route and the cyclopenta-ring oxide route, the former being the most significant. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47964] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 22 BP 6163 EP 6169 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GP271 UT WOS:A1991GP27100024 PM 1933875 ER PT J AU ROSS, JA NELSON, GB HOLDEN, KL AF ROSS, JA NELSON, GB HOLDEN, KL TI DNA ISOLATION FROM SMALL TISSUE SAMPLES USING SALT AND SPERMINE SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ROSS, JA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV 11 PY 1991 VL 19 IS 21 BP 6053 EP 6053 DI 10.1093/nar/19.21.6053 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GQ238 UT WOS:A1991GQ23800040 PM 1945891 ER PT J AU XIAO, HK LEVINE, SP HERGET, WF DARCY, JB SPEAR, R PRITCHETT, T AF XIAO, HK LEVINE, SP HERGET, WF DARCY, JB SPEAR, R PRITCHETT, T TI A TRANSPORTABLE, REMOTE-SENSING, INFRARED AIR-MONITORING SYSTEM SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL-HYGIENE; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFORM; EMISSIONS AB A transportable, remote sensing instrument has been built that is capable of performing real-time quantitative analysis of gas and vapor contaminants of workplace air. The emphasis in this system is on simplicity and sensitivity for use over pathlengths of up to 40 m. A method was developed to overcome the effect of nonanalyte species present in the background spectrum on the quantitation of analytes in the sample spectrum. In addition, results demonstrated that instrument response was proportional to the beam pathlength under homogeneous concentration conditions. The application of software capable of qualitative analysis was also demonstrated. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. BEIJING MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BEIJING 100083,PEOPLES R CHINA. NICOLET ANALYT,MADISON,WI 53711. US EPA,ENVIRONM RESPONSE TEAM,EDISON,NJ 08837. GM CORP,DEPT BIOMED SCI,RES LABS,WARREN,MI 48090. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU PHS HHS [1-R01-02404, 1-R01-02666] NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 52 IS 11 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1991)052<0449:ATRSIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HP692 UT WOS:A1991HP69200002 PM 1746406 ER PT J AU NOAH, TL PARADISO, AM MADDEN, MC MCKINNON, KP DEVLIN, RB AF NOAH, TL PARADISO, AM MADDEN, MC MCKINNON, KP DEVLIN, RB TI THE RESPONSE OF A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE TO HISTAMINE - INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM CHANGES AND EXTRACELLULAR RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR; SQUAMOUS DIFFERENTIATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; AIRWAY EPITHELIA; GENERATION; FIBRONECTIN; TRACHEA; SERUM; KERATINOCYTES AB Epithelial cells are likely to modulate inflammation and tissue repair in the airways, but the factors responsible for these processes remain unclear. Because human airway epithelia are infrequently available for in vitro studies, transformed epithelial cell lines are of interest as models. We therefore investigated the response of an SV-40/adenovirus-transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to histamine, a mediator with relevance for airway diseases. The intracellular calcium response to histamine (10(-4) M) was measured, using Fura-2 and microspectrofluorimetry. Histamine induced a transient increase in intracellular calcium that originated from intracellular sources; this effect was inhibited by the H-1 receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, suggesting that BEAS cells retain functioning histamine receptors. BEAS cells were grown to confluence on microporous, collagen-coated filters, allowing measurement of vectorial release of soluble mediators. Monolayers exposed to histamine for 30 min released interleukin-6 and fibronectin in the apical direction, in a dose-dependent manner. Little eicosanoid production was induced by histamine, either in the apical or the basolateral direction, although BEAS cells constitutively produced small amounts of prostaglandin E2 and 15-HETE. However, these cells formed large amounts of eicosanoids in response to ozone exposure as a positive control. Comparison of our data with published reports for human airway epithelia in primary culture suggests that the BEAS cell line is, in a number of respects, a relevant model for the study of airway epithelial responses to a variety of stimuli. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. ABB ENVIRONM SERV INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NOAH, TL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PULM MED,635 BURNETT WOMACK BLDG,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 47 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA GP728 UT WOS:A1991GP72800012 PM 1931077 ER PT J AU LABATIUK, CW SCHAEFER, FW FINCH, GR BELOSEVIC, M AF LABATIUK, CW SCHAEFER, FW FINCH, GR BELOSEVIC, M TI COMPARISON OF ANIMAL INFECTIVITY, EXCYSTATION, AND FLUOROGENIC DYE AS MEASURES OF GIARDIA-MURIS CYST INACTIVATION BY OZONE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; VIABILITY; WATER; MOUSE; MODEL AB Giardia muris cyst viability after ozonation was compared by using fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide staining, the C3H/HeN mouse-G. muris model, and in vitro excystation. Bench-scale batch experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions (pH 6.7, 22-degrees-C) in ozone-demand-free phosphate buffer. There was a significant difference between fluorogenic staining and infectivity (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05), with fluorogenic staining overestimating viability compared with infectivity estimates of viability. This suggests that viable cysts as indicated by fluorogenic dyes may not be able to complete the life cycle and produce an infection. No significant differences between infectivity and excystation and between fluorogenic staining and excystation (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) were detected for inactivations up to 99.9%. Only animal infectivity had the sensitivity to detect inactivations greater than 99.9%. Therefore, the animal model is the best method currently available for detecting high levels of G. muris cyst inactivation. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EDMONTON T6G 2G7,ALBERTA,CANADA. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT IMMUNOL,EDMONTON T6G 2G7,ALBERTA,CANADA. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT ZOOL,EDMONTON T6G 2G7,ALBERTA,CANADA. RI Belosevic, Miodrag/C-6729-2008 OI Belosevic, Miodrag/0000-0002-6412-8236 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3187 EP 3192 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GN265 UT WOS:A1991GN26500020 PM 1723584 ER PT J AU SAUCH, JF FLANIGAN, D GALVIN, ML BERMAN, D JAKUBOWSKI, W AF SAUCH, JF FLANIGAN, D GALVIN, ML BERMAN, D JAKUBOWSKI, W TI PROPIDIUM IODIDE AS AN INDICATOR OF GIARDIA CYST VIABILITY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; ANIMAL INFECTIVITY; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; MURIS-CYSTS; WATER; INACTIVATION; MICROSCOPY; CHLORINE; CONTRAST; MODEL AB The use of propidium iodide, whose uptake indicates cell death or damage, was investigated to assess the viability of heat-inactivated and chemically inactivated Giardia muris cysts. This was done by comparing propidium iodide staining with excystation. We first determined that propidium iodide could be used with an immunofluorescence detection procedure by showing that the percentages of Giardia lamblia cysts stained with this dye before and after subjecting them to a fluorescence detection method were similar. G. muris cysts were then exposed to heat (56-degrees-C), 0.5 to 4 mg of chlorine per liter (pH 7.0, 5-degrees-C), 0.1 to 10 mg of a quaternary ammonium compound per liter, or 2 mg of preformed and forming monochloramine per liter (pH 7.2, 18 to 20-degrees-C). A good positive correlation between percent propidium iodide-stained cysts and lack of excystation was demonstrated for G. muris cysts exposed either to heat or to the quaternary ammonium compound. However, no significant correlation between absence of excystation and propidium iodide staining was found for cysts exposed to chlorine or monochloramines. These results demonstrate that the propidium iodide staining procedure is not satisfactory for determining the viability of G. muris cysts exposed to these two commonly used drinking water disinfectants. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3243 EP 3247 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GN265 UT WOS:A1991GN26500029 PM 1723585 ER PT J AU HORST, WG MATTERN, F VOLD, SH WALKER, JM AF HORST, WG MATTERN, F VOLD, SH WALKER, JM TI CONTROLLING COMPOST ODORS .2. SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,OFF WATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 11 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA GR207 UT WOS:A1991GR20700009 ER PT J AU ROSS, JA LEAVITT, SA AF ROSS, JA LEAVITT, SA TI IMPROVED SAMPLE RECOVERY IN THERMOCYCLE SEQUENCING PROTOCOLS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CDNA RP ROSS, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD NOV PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 618 EP 619 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GN890 UT WOS:A1991GN89000014 PM 1804253 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, TF BIRNBAUM, LS AF MCMAHON, TF BIRNBAUM, LS TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN DISPOSITION AND METABOLISM OF BENZENE IN MALE C57BL/6N MICE SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; RATS AB Benzene disposition and metabolism were examined as a function of age in male C57BL/6N mice aged 3 and 18 months. Mice received a single oral dose of either 10 or 200 mg/kg C-14-benzene (approximately 25-mu-Ci/kg). Excretion of C-14-derived benzene radioactivity (RA) was monitored in urine, feces, and as exhaled (CO2)-C-14 from 0 to 72 hr, and as exhaled unmetabolized benzene from 0 to 6 hr. At 10 mg/kg C-14-benzene, urinary elimination was the major route of excretion in both 3- and 18-month mice. Urinary excretion of C-14-derived benzene RA was significantly decreased in 18- vs. 3-month mice at 4, 6, 24, and 48 hr, while fecal excretion was significantly increased at 72 hr. Elimination of C-14-benzene as (CO2)-C-14 and unmetabolized C-14-benzene was also increased in 18- vs. 3-month mice at this dose. Hydroquinone glucuronide (HQG), phenylsulfate (PS), and muconic acid (MUC) were the major urinary metabolites at 10 mg/kg C-14-benzene in both 3- and 18-month mice, representing approximately 40, 28, and 15% of an administered dose of C-14-benzene. Smaller amounts of phenyl glucuronide (4.0%), pre-phenyl mercapturic acid (1.2%), and catechol glucuronide (0.5%) were also detected. No significant differences were found with age in the percentage of an administered dose of benzene excreted as the various metabolites at 10 mg/kg. At 200 mg/kg C-14-benzene, the total percentage of C-14-derived benzene RA eliminated in urine within 72 hr was not significantly different with age, but elimination at early time points (4, 6, and 8 hr) was significantly decreased in 18- vs. 3-month mice. Fecal elimination was significantly increased at 48 and 72 hr in 18-month mice, whereas excretion of unmetabolized benzene was decreased in this age group. The percentage of water-soluble metabolites as MUC at 200 mg/kg C-14-benzene was significantly decreased in 3- and 18-month mice, whereas the percentage as HOG remained constant with age at this dose. In contrast, formation of phenyl glucuronide was significantly increased with dose in 3-month mice, whereas PS formation was significantly increased with dose in 18-month mice. The results of these experiments indicate that total metabolism of benzene as well as metabolism to specific metabolites is affected by aging. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1057 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GQ609 UT WOS:A1991GQ60900007 PM 1687010 ER PT J AU SUMMERS, JK KAZYAK, PF WEISBERG, SB AF SUMMERS, JK KAZYAK, PF WEISBERG, SB TI A WATER-QUALITY MODEL FOR A RIVER RECEIVING PAPER-MILL EFFLUENTS AND CONVENTIONAL SEWAGE SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE AB During low flow periods in summer, portions of the Pigeon River, North Carolina, have experienced depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations. The Pigeon River receives multiple point source effluents from several wastewater treatment facilities and a large kraft paper mill located in Canton, NC which contribute the oxygen-demanding and nutrient loads to the river. A water quality model was constructed, from survey data specifically collected to meet the model's requirements, to examine the processes and sources contributing to the observed oxygen declines and the evaluate specific management alternatives. The model was validated using two independent data sets. Simulations showed that relatively little of the CBOD materials released by the mill were degraded within the river and were subsequently 'deposited' in the reservoir at the end of the modelled river segment. Reductions in CBOD concentrations could be generally accounted for by tributary dilution. However, nitrogenous oxygen demanding materials released by the mill (e.g., NH3) created a considerable demand for oxygen within the modelled segment of the river. Model results showed this relatively rapid degradation of NBOD could depress oxygen levels to low levels (i.e., < 4 ppm) if artificial oxygenation was not used to supplement existing concentrations. The model also showed the majority of this oxygen supplement was released to the atmosphere and not maintained within the water column. Model analyses showed that the effluents associated with the wastewater treatment facilities had little effect on the water quality of the Pigeon River. C1 VERSAR INC,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP SUMMERS, JK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90029-Z PG 30 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV242 UT WOS:A1991GV24200002 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, L HENRY, CJ AF FISHBEIN, L HENRY, CJ TI WORKSHOP ON THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS FROM COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN INDOOR AIR - INTRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP FISHBEIN, L (reprint author), ILSI RISK SCI INST,1126 16TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500001 ER PT J AU WALLACE, LA AF WALLACE, LA TI COMPARISON OF RISKS FROM OUTDOOR AND INDOOR EXPOSURE TO TOXIC-CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL EXPOSURES; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; PASSIVE SMOKING; DRINKING-WATER; RESIDENTS; BREATH; CANCER; TEAM; AIR AB Environmental Protection Agency TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Measurement) Studies have measured exposures of about 800 persons to 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and exposures of about 300 persons to 32 pesticides. These persons were selected to represent more than 1 million residents of industrial manufacturing cities such as Bayonne and Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, California; cities with light industry, such as Greensboro, North Carolina, and Baltimore, Maryland; rural areas such as Devils Lake, North Dakota; and cities with high pesticide use such as Jacksonville, Florida, as well as low-to-moderate pesticide use such as Springfield, Massachusetts. The TEAM data provide an opportunity to estimate the risks from airborne exposure to a number of suspected carcinogens for a substantial number of persons residing in a wide variety of urban, suburban, and rural areas. Because all of the TEAM Studies measured outdoor concentrations near the homes of the participants, it is possible to apportion the risks between outdoor and indoor sources. Upper-bound lifetime risks of cancer are calculated for both indoor and outdoor sources of 12 VOCs and about 23 pesticides measured in the TEAM Studies. These risk calculations are supplemented by calculations based on other studies for some additional pollutants, including radon and environmental tobacco smoke. The relationship of these upper-bound risk estimates to "best-guess" values is discussed. Sharper estimates of risk based on identifying population subgroups exposed to major sources are also discussed. Important gaps in our knowledge of exposure measurements are identified, e.g., particulates (including polyaromatic hydrocarbons); 1,3-butadiene, asbestos, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, and most polar organics. RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,BLDG 166,BICHER RD,VINT HILL FARMS STN,WARRENTON,VA 22186, USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 21 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.2307/3431099 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500002 PM 1821381 ER PT J AU SHOAF, CR AF SHOAF, CR TI CURRENT ASSESSMENT PRACTICES FOR NONCANCER END-POINTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID RISK ASSESSMENT; DOSIMETRY; EXPOSURE AB The need for assessing noncancer risks for agents to which humans are routinely exposed indoors arises from the large amount of time spent indoors (i.e., employed persons spend about 60% of their time at home indoors, 30% at work indoors, and 5% in transit). Sources of air pollutants include heating and cooling systems, combustion appliances, personal use products, furnishings, tobacco products, pesticides, bioeffluents from humans and animals, and other microbial contamination such as toxins from molds. The purpose of this paper is to describe current dose-response assessment methods applicable to assessing risk following exposure to indoor air pollutants. The role of structure-activity relationships in hazard identification is also described. Risk assessments from exposure to indoor air pollutants require exposure assessments and dose-response assessments. Dose-response assessment methodologies include the inhalation reference concentration (RfC), structure-activity relationships, dose-response models, and the decision analytic approach. The RfC is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The current RfC method provides guidelines for making the necessary dosimetric adjustments for gases and aerosols. Human equivalent concentrations for no-observed-adverse-effect levels in animals are determined by using mathematical relationships that adjust for regional deposition, solubility, ventilation rate, and blood:air partition coefficients. The RfC methodology exists as an interim methodology. Future scientific advancements are expected to further refine the approach. RP SHOAF, CR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.2307/3431117 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500020 PM 1821364 ER PT J AU FARLAND, WH AF FARLAND, WH TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB In this paper, three perspectives for indoor air issues are considered: a) air inside of our homes and offices is a major component of our overall living environment and has potentially great impact on public health; b) there are important scientific questions raised specifically to indoor air that will require skills and expertise to develop and interpret research and data collection efforts; and c) from a risk assessor's point of view, the types and quality of scientific information is critical to the process of health risk assessment to risk managers to make the best decisions regarding environmental risks from indoor air. The primary focus of this presentation is to highlight suggested future directions and needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that formed the core of a report to Congress on assessment and control of indoor air pollution. The five major areas that constitute the current EPA indoor air research strategy are monitoring/building studies; health effects; source characterization/mitigation; health impact/risk assessment; and program management/technology transfer. Additionally, major trends and research needs are discussed, including greater emphasis on noncancer effects and multiple pollutants at low levels and the need for more sensitive measures for detecting adverse health effects to more effectively characterize chemically sensitive individuals and population subgroups. RP FARLAND, WH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 131 EP 133 DI 10.2307/3431119 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500022 PM 1821366 ER PT J AU CLARKE, SE WHITE, D SCHAEDEL, AL AF CLARKE, SE WHITE, D SCHAEDEL, AL TI OREGON, USA, ECOLOGICAL REGIONS AND SUBREGIONS FOR WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ECOREGIONS; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT ID UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; ECOREGIONS; LAND AB To aid in producing a protection and management strategy for the freshwater resources of Oregon, USA, we have defined an initial set of ecological regions and sub-regions of the state that organize the spatial similarities and differences in water quality. We have delineated and mapped these subregions using existing maps of ecological regions, maps of selected environmental characteristics, remote sensing imagery, and descriptive literature. To help in interpreting the resulting map, a unique approach to mapping regions is used. We have described the relative widths of regional boundaries, and we ranked the characteristics used in determining them. Water quality managers in Oregon intend to apply these subregions as an organizational framework for data display and reporting, prioritizing monitoring and pollution control strategies, developing biological criteria for water quality standards, and developing other regional water quality management approaches. C1 US EPA,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON DEPT ENVIRONM QUAL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP CLARKE, SE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 15 IS 6 BP 847 EP 856 DI 10.1007/BF02394822 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GT528 UT WOS:A1991GT52800011 ER PT J AU MILLER, DE CANTER, LW AF MILLER, DE CANTER, LW TI CONTROL OF AROMATIC WASTE AIR STREAMS BY SOIL BIOREACTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Three soils were examined for the ability to degrade hydrocarbon vapors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX). Each of these compounds are major aromatic constituents of gasolines. The soils examined were Rubicon Sand from Traverse City, Michigan, Durant Loam from Ada, Oklahoma, and Dougherty Sand from Stratford, Oklahoma. Soil columns were used to examine the effects of soil type, air flow rate and inlet vapor concentrations. Adjustment of the hydrocarbon loading rate produced removals which corresponded to first-order removal kinetics. Estimated residence times of 10 to 20 minutes produced removals of the individual inlet BTEX compounds which ranged from 8 to 39%. Increasing the residence time produced increased removals corresponding to first-order removal rates. Further increases in the residence time revealed transport limitations which restricted additional removals. Soil which had moisture less than 50% of saturation displayed preferential utilization of benzene followed in order by ethylbenzene, toluene, and o-xylene. RP MILLER, DE (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRON RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1002/ep.670100417 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV921 UT WOS:A1991GV92100014 ER PT J AU JONES, TL BETOWSKI, LD LESNIK, B CHIANG, TC TEBERG, JE AF JONES, TL BETOWSKI, LD LESNIK, B CHIANG, TC TEBERG, JE TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF THERMOSPRAY AND PARTICLE BEAM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY INTERFACES - EVALUATION OF A CHLORINATED PHENOXY ACID HERBICIDE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS METHOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMULATIONS; DICAMBA; SALTS AB Seven laboratories participated in an interlaboratory evaluation of a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the analysis of 10 chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides. The focus of this evaluation was to test the intercomparability of LC/MS data obtained from two types of LC/MS interfaces [i.e., thermospray (TS) and particle beam (PB)]. Eight simulated sample extracts were sent to each laboratory for LC/MS analysis. There were statistically significant differences between interfaces in the quantitative data for all analytes except 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (silvex). Particle beam exhibited a high positive bias and a low relative standard deviation at the highest sample extract concentration range, 500-mu-g/mL, while TS showed a low bias and a low relative standard deviation at the lowest sample extract concentration range, 5-mu-g/mL. Another factor of this study was to look for any performance differences between interfaces of the same type, but differing manufacturers. A statistical difference was observed, between PB interfaces, for 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb). C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. US DOE,LAB MANAGEMENT BRANCH,GERMANTOWN,MD 20874. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1880 EP 1884 DI 10.1021/es00023a006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM848 UT WOS:A1991GM84800012 ER PT J AU WALKER, JD AF WALKER, JD TI ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS TESTING UNDER THE TOXIC-SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT - ACRYLAMIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Analysis of acrylamide aquatic toxicity data submitted under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act revealed that for acute toxicity studies with bluegill, fathead minnow, and rainbow trout, concentrations of acrylamide necessary to produce 50% mortality decreased by 50-70% as a function of increasing exposure from 1 to 4 days. Analysis of acute toxicity data for Mysidopsis bahia suggested that increases in mortality with increased exposure to acrylamide might also be observed in saltwater organisms. Ratios of acute (4-day) LC50 values to chronic (28-day) maximum acceptable toxic concentrations for this saltwater invertebrate were 26 for parent and offspring survival, 115 for female dry weights, and 975 for male dry weights. These ratios illustrate that long-term acrylamide exposure to sensitive life stages of M. bahia produced adverse effects on reproduction and growth at acrylamide concentrations significantly lower than those suggested by acute LC50 or EC50 values. RP WALKER, JD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBSTANCES TS-792,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1053-4725 J9 ENVIRON TOXIC WATER JI Environ. Toxicol. Water Quality PD NOV PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1002/tox.2530060402 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA GL332 UT WOS:A1991GL33200001 ER PT J AU JASKOT, RH GROSE, EC RICHARDS, JH DOERFLER, DL AF JASKOT, RH GROSE, EC RICHARDS, JH DOERFLER, DL TI EFFECTS OF INHALED PHOSGENE ON RAT LUNG ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; OZONE; EXPOSURE; INHALATION; TOXICITY; INJURY C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JASKOT, RH (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90176-5 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GN917 UT WOS:A1991GN91700003 PM 1778356 ER PT J AU DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM VERSTEEG, DJ SABOURIN, TD BAINES, D MARSH, SS AF DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM VERSTEEG, DJ SABOURIN, TD BAINES, D MARSH, SS TI INTERSPECIES COMPARISONS OF A/D RATIOS - A/D RATIOS ARE NOT CONSTANT ACROSS SPECIES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; TERATOGENS; RATS; MICE C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS DIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP DASTON, GP (reprint author), PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,DIV HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,CINCINNATI,OH 45239, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 696 EP 722 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90179-8 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GN917 UT WOS:A1991GN91700006 PM 1843185 ER PT J AU HESS, RA MOORE, BJ FORRER, J LINDER, RE ABUELATTA, AA AF HESS, RA MOORE, BJ FORRER, J LINDER, RE ABUELATTA, AA TI THE FUNGICIDE BENOMYL (METHYL 1-(BUTYLCARBAMOYL)-2-BENZIMIDAZOLECARBAMATE) CAUSES TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION BY INDUCING THE SLOUGHING OF GERM-CELLS AND OCCLUSION OF EFFERENT DUCTULES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TESTIS; RATS; CARBAMATE; LIGATION C1 FAC VET MED ZAGAZIG,ZAGAZIG,EGYPT. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HESS, RA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET BIOSCI,2001 S LINCOLN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-05214-01] NR 28 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 733 EP 745 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90181-3 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GN917 UT WOS:A1991GN91700008 PM 1778360 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM ROGERS, RR COPELAND, CB LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM ROGERS, RR COPELAND, CB LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL TI EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOTOXICITY OF ORALLY-ADMINISTERED 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID IN FISCHER 344 RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; METHOXYACETIC ACID; DIMETHOXYETHYL PHTHALATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; ETHER EGME; T-CELL; MICE; EXPOSURE; 2-METHOXYETHANOL C1 NORTHROP SERV INC,TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90184-6 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GN917 UT WOS:A1991GN91700011 PM 1778363 ER PT J AU WAY, JB PARIS, J DOBSON, MC MCDONALD, K ULABY, FT WEBER, JA USTIN, S VANDERBILT, VC KASISCHKE, ES AF WAY, JB PARIS, J DOBSON, MC MCDONALD, K ULABY, FT WEBER, JA USTIN, S VANDERBILT, VC KASISCHKE, ES TI DIURNAL CHANGE IN TREES AS OBSERVED BY OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE SENSORS - THE EOS SYNERGISM STUDY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The EOS Synergism Study examined the temporal variability of the optical reflectance and microwave backscatter due to diurnal change in canopy properties of interest to ecosystem modelers. The experiment was designed specifically to address diurnal changes in canopy water status (including water potential and content) that relate to transpiration. Multispectral optical and multifrequency, multipolarization microwave measurements were acquired using boom-truck-based systems over a 2-week period in August 1987. Sensor and canopy properties were collected around the clock. The canopy under study was a walnut orchard in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The results demonstrate large diurnal variations in the dielectric properties of the tree (the stem, or bole, specifically) that in turn produce significant diurnal changes in the microwave backscatter. The change in dielectric constant is related to the diurnal change in water potential, although the specific physical or physiological relationship has not yet been established. A diurnal change in optical reflectance could be attributed primarily to sun angle-view angle change. Although some changes in canopy spectral properties were also observed, these could not be distinguished from edge effects of the canopy. The results suggest that permanently orbiting spaceborne sensors such as those on EOS should be placed in orbits that are optimized for the individual sensor and need not be tied together by a tight simultaneity requirement on the order of minutes to hours for the purpose of monitoring ecosystem properties. Microwave sensors, although able to image day or night, are sensitive to the diurnal pattern of change in vegetation canopies and, therefore, should be in sun synchronous orbits with a node crossing time selected to optimize sensitivity to the diurnal patterns (4-6 p.m. for this canopy and season). Furthermore, comparison of the long-term spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets collected with SAR in different equator crossing time orbits must consider potential diurnal variation in the surface properties and the effects on the backscatter. Optical reflectance is affected more by sun-angle/view angle variations than a diurnal change in canopy water properties. Therefore, based on the results of this study, optical sensors should be placed in orbits which minimize the influence of clouds on terrestrial data acquisition. C1 ENVIRONM INST MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI. CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,SCH NAT SCI,DEPT BIOL,FRESNO,CA 93740. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,RADIAT LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP WAY, JB (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 807 EP 821 DI 10.1109/TGRS.1991.1019466 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GN485 UT WOS:A1991GN48500001 ER PT J AU WEBER, JA USTIN, SL AF WEBER, JA USTIN, SL TI DIURNAL WATER RELATIONS OF WALNUT TREES - IMPLICATIONS FOR REMOTE-SENSING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID STRESS; MODEL; EXCHANGE; LEAVES; XYLEM; FLOW AB Leaflet water content (WC), relative water content (RWC), and water potential (PSI-If) were measured as indicators of diurnal change in tree water status in an experimental walnut orchard receiving two irrigation treatments: 100 and 33% of potential evapotranspiration (PET). Diurnal change was greatest in PSI-If throughout the experimental period with minima occurring each day in early to mid-afternoon and maxima between midnight and sunrise. Leaflet PSI-If was more variable in the 100% PET than the 33% PET treatment. Leaflet WC and RWC were also lower in the afternoon than at night, but had greater variability so that the diurnal pattern was not as clear. comparison between the pattern of PSI-If and dielectric constants (DC) measured from probes inserted 2 cm into a tree bole showed that both declined nearly in parallel in the morning; however, PSI-If recovered more rapidly than DC in the afternoon. This temporal discrepancy could be caused by cavitation of xylem elements in the vicinity of the DC probe. Microwave backscatter for L- and X-bands also measured diurnal variation that had local minima in the afternoon, but the pattern among wavelength and polarization signatures was complex. From these data it appears that radar backscatter can respond to diurnal changes in plant water status. Interpretation of diurnal patterns u sing a satellite sensor will require models that account for multiple sources of canopy and soil variance, including canopy architecture and soil moisture and more precise understanding of the basis of diurnal patterns in backscatter. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP WEBER, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 864 EP 874 DI 10.1109/TGRS.1991.1019470 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GN485 UT WOS:A1991GN48500006 ER PT J AU CRAUN, G SWERDLOW, D TAUXE, R CLARK, R FOX, K GELDREICH, E REASONER, D RICE, E AF CRAUN, G SWERDLOW, D TAUXE, R CLARK, R FOX, K GELDREICH, E REASONER, D RICE, E TI PREVENTION OF WATERBORNE CHOLERA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SURVIVAL AB Since the outbreak of cholera in Peru in January 1991, the disease has spread to other Latin-American countries and on several occasions has been imported into the United States. In order to assess the risk of transmission of cholera by water in the United States, an ad hoc committee from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) prepared a report (on which this article is based) on the etiology of cholera, the history of outbreaks, symptoms and treatment, transmission and survival, analysis of clinical and water specimens, and prevention of epidemics through water treatment and monitoring. The report also describes the steps that have been taken by CDC and USEPA in South America and recommends future action. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 11 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GQ784 UT WOS:A1991GQ78400009 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB RINGHAND, HP ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP AF DANIEL, FB RINGHAND, HP ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP TI COMPARATIVE SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF CHLORINE AND MONOCHLORAMINE IN THE B6C3F1 MOUSE SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SUBTILIS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTANTS; NON-HUMAN PRIMATE; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CHLORAMINE; RAT; CARCINOGENICITY; PRODUCTS; DIOXIDE AB Separate groups of male and female B6C3F1 mice were administered chlorine and monochloramine in drinking water for 90 consecutive days. Both disinfectants were supplied at 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L. Criteria evaluated included mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, gross pathology, and histopathology. Overall, the correlation of the biochemical, hematological, and organ weight data, in the absence of histopathology and observable clinical signs of toxicity, suggests that the chlorine and monochloramine induced effects via an indirect mechanism, e.g., nutritional deficiencies, rather than a direct toxicological effect on specific organs or tissues. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,ECOL MONITORING RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 11 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GQ784 UT WOS:A1991GQ78400013 ER PT J AU REGLI, S ROSE, JB HAAS, CN GERBA, CP AF REGLI, S ROSE, JB HAAS, CN GERBA, CP TI MODELING THE RISK FROM GIARDIA AND VIRUSES IN DRINKING-WATER SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; RECREATIONAL WATERS; HUMAN ROTAVIRUS; AOK CREEK; ENTEROVIRUSES; GROUNDWATER; VOLUNTEERS; INFECTION; ILLNESS; ARIZONA AB This article discusses the assessment of risk from microorganisms in drinking water, the problems associated with such an analysis, the approach for specific organisms, the monitoring required to demonstrate that risk levels are met, and how risk assessment might be approached for determining whether a given level of risk from Giardia and viruses is avoided. Guidelines are suggested for determining the level of treatment necessary to ensure that consumers receive a finished drinking water with risks of less than one infection per 10,000 people per year from Giardia and enteric viruses. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,TAMPA,FL 33612. DREXEL UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP REGLI, S (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,DIV STAND,401 MT ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 51 TC 269 Z9 276 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 11 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GQ784 UT WOS:A1991GQ78400014 ER PT J AU LEE, J NOTTINGHAM, KE STRATTAN, LW AF LEE, J NOTTINGHAM, KE STRATTAN, LW TI THE NEIC ORGANIC-ANALYSIS REPORTING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The Organic Analysis Reporting System processes data from the Finnigan GC-MS Formaster Data System into a "matrix" report format. The standard report created by the GC-MS system is the "QUAN" report which, though very informative, does not present the data in a format that meets the Agency's needs in explaining analytical results to the lay public. Accordingly, the Organic Analysis Reporting System was created to convert the essential data from the GC-MS reports into a form more understandable by the nonscientist. RP LEE, J (reprint author), NATL ENFORCEMENT INVEST CTR,ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,DIV LAB SERV,CHEM BRANCH,DATA ANAL SECT,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1021/ci00004a010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA GQ628 UT WOS:A1991GQ62800012 ER PT J AU LINDGREN, ER PERSHING, DW KIRCHGESSNER, DA DREHMEL, DC AF LINDGREN, ER PERSHING, DW KIRCHGESSNER, DA DREHMEL, DC TI NEAR-CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF HYDROGEN-SULFIDE AND CARBONYL SULFIDE BY AN AUTOMATIC GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID SULFUR GASES; COLUMN AB An automatic gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector that samples and analyzes hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide at 30-s intervals is described. Temperature programming was used to elute trace amounts of carbon disulfide present in each injection from a Supelpak-S column in a single peak at the end of 15-min runs. The system was used to study the high-temperature fuel-rich sulfur capture reactions of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide with injected calcium oxide sorbent, necessitating the nearly continuous measurement of these gaseous sulfur species. The hydrogen sulfide concentration ranged from 300 ppm to 3000 ppm and the carbonyl sulfide from 30 ppm to 300 ppm. The system was also used to monitor sulfur dioxide levels under fuel lean conditions, and the results compared very closely with sulfur dioxide measurements made simultaneously with continuous UV sulfur dioxide instrumentation. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT CHEM ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 585 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85103-M PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GQ880 UT WOS:A1991GQ88000028 ER PT J AU HUANG, YS BOBSEINE, KL SETZER, RW KAWANISHI, CY AF HUANG, YS BOBSEINE, KL SETZER, RW KAWANISHI, CY TI SELECTION KINETICS DURING SERIAL CELL-CULTURE PASSAGE OF MIXTURES OF WILD-TYPE AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AND ITS RECOMBINANT AC360-BETA-GAL SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION AB Detailed analysis of the selection process in serial coinfections of cell cultures by wild-type Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) strain E2 (AcNPV/E2) and Ac360-beta-gal, a genetically engineered strain, shows that the unaltered strain was clearly dominant even when it initially constituted the minority component in the inoculum. A method of calculating a selection coefficient that quantifies the relative advantage of one strain of virus over the other under specific culture conditions is described. Calculated selection coefficients were relatively homogenous and almost exclusively favoured the progenitor. Selection pressure was not influenced by the relative proportions of the two strains in the population. Selection coefficients, as determined in the present study, may be useful for evaluating the effect of a genetic alteration on viral fitness under specified conditions. Unexpected high frequencies of mixed phenotype plaques were observed during infectivity titrations of media from early serial passages of coinfected cultures. Statistical evaluation implicates some non-heritable combinational phenomenon. Virus plated from mixed phenotype plaques show high segregation of phenotypes implying that genetic recombination does not contribute in a major way to the high mixed phenotype frequencies. Electron microscopic examination of virion pellets from infected 72 h cell culture media similarly argue against co-envelopment as a major contributory factor to the high frequency of mixed phenotype plaques. The cause remains undetermined. C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV DEV TOXICOL MD-67, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV HUMAN STUDIES MD-55A, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-11-2653 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA GP521 UT WOS:A1991GP52100007 PM 1940862 ER PT J AU YOUSTEN, AA BENFIELD, EF CAMPBELL, RP FOSS, SS GENTHNER, FJ AF YOUSTEN, AA BENFIELD, EF CAMPBELL, RP FOSS, SS GENTHNER, FJ TI FATE OF BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS-2362 SPORES FOLLOWING INGESTION BY NONTARGET INVERTEBRATES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; HELISOMA-TRIVOLVIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; FATE OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; BACTERIA; CLEARANCE; OYSTERS C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,PATHOBIOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP YOUSTEN, AA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90189-W PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900016 PM 1787327 ER PT J AU NOVELLO, DP AF NOVELLO, DP TI PROPOSED PERMIT PROGRAM - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP NOVELLO, DP (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1430 EP 1430 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400003 ER PT J AU JAYANTY, RKM GAY, BW AF JAYANTY, RKM GAY, BW TI SUMMARY OF THE 1991 EPA A-AND-WMA INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM - MEASUREMENT OF TOXIC AND RELATED AIR-POLLUTANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB A joint conference cosponsored for the sixth year by the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory (AREAL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Air & Waste Management Association was held in Durham, North Carolina, May 6-10, 1991. The technical program consisted of 220 presentations, held in 25 technical sessions, on recent advances in ambient and source atmospheres. Covering a wide range of measurement topics and supported by 78 exhibitors of instrumentation and consulting services, the symposium was attended by almost a thousand professionals from the United States and other countries. This overview highlights a selection of the technical presentations, and includes a synopsis of the keynote address. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHERE RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JAYANTY, RKM (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,DEPT ENVIRONM METHODS & STAND,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1439 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400004 ER PT J AU FISHER, A MCCLELLAND, GH SCHULZE, WD DOYLE, JK AF FISHER, A MCCLELLAND, GH SCHULZE, WD DOYLE, JK TI COMMUNICATING THE RISK FROM RADON SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A prominent television station developed a special series of newscasts and public service announcements about radon. This was combined with their advertising of the availability of reduced-price radon test kits in a local supermarket chain. The large number of test kits sold was a success from a marketing perspective, but not from a public health perspective-especially because of the very small share of high readings that were mitigated. In contrast, a study of housing sales showed a much higher testing rate and corresponding mitigation when risk communication accompanied the housing transaction, rather than being directed toward the general public. This paper examines the relative effectiveness of these alternative approaches to radon risk communication, emphasizing the implications for developing and implementing radon programs. C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ECON ANAL,BOULDER,CO 80309. OI McClelland, Gary/0000-0002-7652-7007 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1440 EP 1445 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400005 PM 1789953 ER PT J AU SEGALL, RR BLANSCHAN, GC DEWEES, WG HENDRY, KM LEESE, KE WILLIAMS, LG CURTIS, F SHIGARA, RT ROMESBERG, LJ AF SEGALL, RR BLANSCHAN, GC DEWEES, WG HENDRY, KM LEESE, KE WILLIAMS, LG CURTIS, F SHIGARA, RT ROMESBERG, LJ TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A METHOD TO DETERMINE INDICATOR MICROORGANISMS IN AIR EMISSIONS AND RESIDUE FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATORS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB To allow testing of microbial destruction in medical waste incinerators, methods were developed to determine indicator microorganisms (Bacillus Stearothermophilus spores) in incinerator air emissions and residue. The emission trapping train consisted of a water cooled glass probe and impingers containing a neutral phosphate buffer. In field tests, spores were injected directly into the probe, and results showed that approximately 60 percent of the spores were recovered. Spores were analyzed with adequate precision using a microbial membrane filter unit. Lab experiments indicated that spores were stable in neutral pH phosphate buffer for up to 20 days, and heat shocking samples (heating to 80-degrees-C for 20 minutes) reduced spore numbers in acidic or basic buffer. Laboratory tests also showed that 60 to 70 percent of spores initially added to ash were recovered up to 22 days after addition of the spores. In addition, lab tests showed that spores can be effectively recovered from residue test pipes spiked with indicator spores. C1 US EPA,EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. ENTROPY ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RADIAN CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1454 EP 1460 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400008 PM 1789955 ER PT J AU EVANS, GM AF EVANS, GM TI US-EPA SITE DEMONSTRATION OF AWD TECHNOLOGIES AQUADETOX - SVE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB Under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, a technology developed by AWD Technologies, Inc. was demonstrated in September 1990. This paper presents the major results of the SITE demonstration of AWD Technologies Aqua Detox(R)/SVE treatment system designed forsimultaneous on-site treatment of contaminated groundwater and soil-gas. The groundwater and soil at the demonstration site were contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The AWD technology was evaluated on the basis of the removal efficiencies of TCE and PCE from the contaminated groundwater and soil-gas. The conclusions drawn from these evaluations are: (1) the system achieved removal efficiencies as high as 99.99 percent for groundwater and 99.9 percent for soil-gas; (2) the effluent groundwater was in compliance with the regulatory discharge requirements of 5-mu-g/L each for TCE and PCE for all test runs, (3) the demonstrated 1,000 gpm system has an estimated capital cost of$4.3 million and annual operating and maintenance cost of approximately $820,000. RP EVANS, GM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1519 EP 1523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400014 PM 1789957 ER PT J AU ROCKEL, ML KEALY, MJ AF ROCKEL, ML KEALY, MJ TI THE VALUE OF NONCONSUMPTIVE WILDLIFE RECREATION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID OUTDOOR RECREATION; ESTIMATING DEMAND; COST; QUALITY; MODEL; SELECTION; TIME C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. COLGATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,HAMILTON,NY 13346. RP ROCKEL, ML (reprint author), CARBON CYCLE CORP,BELTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 67 IS 4 BP 422 EP 434 DI 10.2307/3146549 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW597 UT WOS:A1991GW59700005 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL HARRINGTONBROCK, K DOERR, CL RABINOWITZ, JR MOORE, MM AF DEARFIELD, KL HARRINGTONBROCK, K DOERR, CL RABINOWITZ, JR MOORE, MM TI GENOTOXICITY IN MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS OF CHEMICALS CAPABLE OF MICHAEL ADDITION SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; ETHYL ACRYLATE; SISTER CHROMATIDS; METHYL ACRYLATE; MICRONUCLEUS; METHACRYLATE; MUTAGENICITY; LYMPHOCYTES; MUTATIONS; LOCUS AB Over the past several years, we have been evaluating the mutagenicity and clastogenicity of compounds capable of Michael-type reactions. These compounds, including acrylamide, several acrylate and methacrylate esters, vinyl sulfones, and phorone, have been evaluated using TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. Mutagenic chemicals induced increases in the number of small colony tk- deficient mutants. This suggested a clastogenic mechanism which was confirmed by demonstrating increases in aberrations and micronucleus frequencies in cultured cells. Vinyl sulfone was found to be the most effective chemical mutagen with induction of genotoxic effects at concentrations as low as 0.25-mu-g/ml. The other compounds also produced positive results, but at higher concentrations. Since these compounds are known to deplete glutathione, phorone, a model glutathione depleter, was examined and found to produce similar effects as the other compounds in mouse lymphoma cells. These results suggest that the direct-acting Michael-type reaction has activity relevant to producing a genotoxic effect. Since acrylamide has been found to be a potent germ cell mutagen, this mechanism may be also relevant in the induction of heritable mutagenic risk. C1 US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 1991 VL 6 IS 6 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1093/mutage/6.6.519 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GQ907 UT WOS:A1991GQ90700011 PM 1800900 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL AULETTA, AE CIMINO, MC MOORE, MM AF DEARFIELD, KL AULETTA, AE CIMINO, MC MOORE, MM TI CONSIDERATIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY TESTING APPROACH FOR MUTAGENICITY SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY; MUTAGENICITY TEST PROCEDURES ID GENE-TOX PROGRAM; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; SHORT-TERM TESTS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HUMAN CARCINOGENS; TEST INFORMATION; TOXICITY AB OPP - This paper provides the rationale and support for the decisions the OPP will make in requiring and reviewing mutagenicity information. The regulatory requirement for mutagenicity testing to support a pesticide registration is found in the 40 CFR Part 158. The guidance as to the specific mutagenicity testing to be performed is found in the OPP's Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals (referred to as the Subdivision F guideline). A revised Subdivision F guideline has been presented that becomes the current guidance for submitters of mutagenicity data to the OPP. The decision to revise the guideline was the result of close examination of the version published in 1982 and the desire to update the guidance based on developments since then and current state-of-the-science. After undergoing Agency and public scrutiny, the revised guideline is to be published in 1991. The revised guideline consists of an initial battery of tests (the Salmonella assay, an in vitro mammalian gene mutation assay and an in vivo cytogenetics assay which may be either a bone marrow assay for chromosomal aberrations or for micronuclei formation) that should provide an adequate initial assessment of the potential mutagenicity of a chemical. Follow-up testing to clarify results from the initial testing may be necessary. After this information as well as all other relevant information is obtained, a weight-of-evidence decision will be made about the possible mutagenicity concern a chemical may present. Testing to pursue qualitative and/or quantitative evidence for assessing heritable risk in relation to human beings will then be considered if a mutagenicity concern exists. This testing may range from tests for evidence of gonadal exposure to dominant lethal testing to quantitative tests such as the specific locus and heritable translocation assays. The mutagenicity assessment will be performed in accordance with the Agency's Mutagenicity Risk Assessment Guidelines. The mutagenicity data would also be used in the weight-of-evidence consideration for the potential carcinogenicity of a chemical in accordance with the Agency's Carcinogen Risk Assessment Guidelines. In instances where there are triggers for carcinogenicity testing, mutagenicity data may be used as one of the triggers after a consideration of available information. It is felt that the revised Subdivision F guideline will provide appropriate, and more specific, guidance concerning the OPP approach to mutagenicity testing for the registration of a pesticide. It also provides a clearer understanding of how the OPP will proceed with its evaluation and decision making concerning the potential heritable effects of a test chemical. OTS - As a result of recent information in the field of mutagenicity (the Williamsburg meeting, its precedents and sequelae), a modification to the Section 4 test scheme has been proposed. In the proposal, test schemes for gene mutation and chromosomal aberrations are combined. The revision comprises three tests in the initial tier: the Salmonella assay, an in vitro assay for gene mutation and an in vivo assay for chromosomal effects which may be either a bone marrow assay for chromosomal aberrations or the micronucleus assay. Since submission of this article for publication, the proposed OTS test scheme has been approved by OTS management. The old two scheme, four test scheme is no longer in effect, and will no longer be used in future TSCA Section 4 Test Rules. Under Section 5 of TSCA ("new" chemical, or Premanufacture Notice (PMN)), mutagenicity data are used for three purposes: (1) as part of exposure based testing; (2) to assess the potential of the PMN chemical to induce heritable genetic effects; and (3) as part of the weight-of-evidence that a chemical may be a potential carcinogen. As part of the exposure based testing program, the USEPA has required testing of certain high volume chemicals with a two test battery of the Salmonella assay and a mouse micronucleus assay. In supporting a concern for potential carcinogenicity of a PMN chemical, the USEPA generally cites data on an analogue which is known to be carcinogenic (i.e., demonstrated tumor forming ability in one or more animal studies). In such instances, mutagenicity data on the PMN chemical or on the analogues are used to lend support to the case for potential carcinogenicity. Where there is no analogue of the PMN chemical which has been tested for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity data alone are generally not considered sufficient to support a concern for potential carcinogenicity. Regulatory action under Section 5 is seldom, if ever, taken on the basis of mutagenicity data alone, especially on the basis of in vitro mutagenicity data. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DEARFIELD, KL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 66 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD NOV PY 1991 VL 258 IS 3 BP 259 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(91)90012-K PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GQ733 UT WOS:A1991GQ73300003 PM 1719404 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM KNIGHT, T AF CROFTON, KM KNIGHT, T TI AUDITORY DEFICITS AND MOTOR DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING IMINODIPROPIONITRILE ADMINISTRATION IN THE RAT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUDITORY DEFICITS; IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; FIGURE-EIGHT MAZE; REFLEX MODIFICATION; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; RATS ID REFLEX MODIFICATION; ADULT-RATS; IDPN; STARTLE; NEUROTOXICITY; EXPOSURE; DYSKINESIA; HEXANE; MICE AB The behavioral effects of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) were studied using reflex modification of the acoustic startle response and figure-eight maze activity. A number of experiments were conducted with separate groups of adult male Long-Evans hooded rats exposed to saline or 50-500 mg/kg IDPN for 3 consecutive days. Auditory thresholds (reflex modification), motor activity, and grip strength were measured 1 day, and 1, 3, and 9 weeks postdosing. Reflex inhibition was monitored daily, prior to, during, and for 7 days following exposure. Auditory thresholds for 5-and 40-kHz tones were elevated approximately 25 dB and 50 dB, respectively. The onset of this auditory dysfunction in the 200-mg/kg/day group, as demonstrated by a loss of reflex inhibition, was 2 days for the 40-kHz tone and 4 days for the 5-kHz tone. Motor activity was increased up to 400% in the 200-mg/kg group, whereas there was no alteration in hindlimb grip strength. These data demonstrate dosage- and time-dependent alterations in auditory and motor function following IDPN exposure. C1 N CAROLINA CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DURHAM,NC 27707. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 47 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 6 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90040-4 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA GW462 UT WOS:A1991GW46200002 PM 1779945 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM HOWARD, JL MOSER, VC GILL, MW REITER, LW TILSON, HA MACPHAIL, RC AF CROFTON, KM HOWARD, JL MOSER, VC GILL, MW REITER, LW TILSON, HA MACPHAIL, RC TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF MOTOR-ACTIVITY EXPERIMENTS - IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOTOR ACTIVITY; INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; WITHIN-LABORATORY VARIABILITY; WITHIN-LABORATORY RELIABILITY ID BASAL LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; LABORATORY RODENTS; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; BEHAVIORAL-TESTS; WISTAR RATS; MICE; NEUROTOXICITY; SCOPOLAMINE; VARIABILITY AB Motor activity is an important functional measure used in neurotoxicology. The effects of chemicals on motor activity, however, may depend on variables such as type of measurement apparatus, physical and environmental testing conditions, and many other experimental protocol and organismic variables. Due to the increasing use of motor activity in neurotoxicology, a major question concerns the potential for differences in experimental findings due to variations in sensitivity and reliability between different laboratories and devices used to measure motor activity. This study examined historical data from a number of laboratories that employed different devices and experimental protocols to measure motor activity. Four aspects of the motor activity data were compared: 1) within-laboratory control variability across time; 2) within-laboratory replicability of control data; 3) between-laboratory variability in the effects of chemicals; and 4) between-laboratory comparison of the control rates of habituation. The analyses indicated that there was a relatively restricted range of within-laboratory variability and reliability in control values, and that these ranges were comparable across laboratories. Similar profiles of habituation were also seen across the different laboratories. Moreover, in virtually every case, all laboratories were capable of detecting qualitatively similar changes in motor activity following acute exposure to a variety of chemicals. These data indicate a high degree of comparability in the data generated by the different devices and experimental protocols. C1 BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,MOLEC & INTEGRAT NEUROSCI LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNION CARBIDE CORP,BUSHY RUN RES CTR,EXPORT,PA. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 65 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 6 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90043-V PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA GW462 UT WOS:A1991GW46200005 PM 1779947 ER PT J AU SAYRE, P MILLER, RV AF SAYRE, P MILLER, RV TI BACTERIAL MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS - IMPORTANCE IN ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SEQUENCES SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA STRAINS; RESISTANCE TRANSPOSON TN916; FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENT; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K12; CRYPTIC CEL OPERON; PLASMID TRANSFER; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TN5 TRANSPOSITION C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MILLER, RV (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 125 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 151 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0147-619X(91)90040-4 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA GU467 UT WOS:A1991GU46700001 PM 1661425 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, ED AF ELLIOTT, ED TI AGAINST LUDDITISM - AN ESSAY ON THE PERILS OF THE (MIS)USE OF HISTORICAL ANALOGIES IN TECHNOLOGY-ASSESSMENT SO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COURTS; RISK C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. YALE UNIV,SCH LAW,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTHERN CALIF PI LOS ANGELES PA LAW CENTER UNIV PARK, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-0071 SN 0038-3910 J9 SOUTHERN CALIF LAW R JI South. Calif. Law Rev. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA HF351 UT WOS:A1991HF35100009 PM 11645835 ER PT J AU PINTO, JP KHALIL, MAK AF PINTO, JP KHALIL, MAK TI THE STABILITY OF TROPOSPHERIC OH DURING ICE AGES, INTER-GLACIAL EPOCHS AND MODERN TIMES SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Hydroxyl (OH) radicals remove many man-made and natural gases from the atmosphere and therefore play a key role in global tropospheric chemistry. Recent increases in CH4 and CO have caused concern that the levels of OH may decrease, thus reducing the capacity of the atmosphere to remove and control man-made pollutants. We have calculated OH concentrations over a wide range of climatic conditions to examine its long term stability and to determine the major factors that may cause changes in its levels. We used a one-dimensional photochemical model, the concentrations of CH4 and N2O from polar ice cores and the current understanding of the sources and sinks of CO, NOy and other gases involved in OH chemistry. We find that mean OH concentrations are stabilized against changes even though the climatic conditions and atmospheric trace gas composition change considerably between ice-ages, inter-glacial periods and the present. In these transitions, the more rapid destruction of OH from increased CH4 and CO is compensated by increases in the production processes. Our calculations indicate that only a small part of the 5-fold increase of methane between the present and the peak of the last ice age, is due to changes in OH levels. RP PINTO, JP (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 43 IS 5 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1991.t01-2-00001.x PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GL519 UT WOS:A1991GL51900001 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA STEPHENS, RD KIM, IS AF BROWN, MA STEPHENS, RD KIM, IS TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY - A NEW WINDOW FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE BEAM; NONTARGET POLLUTANTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HERBICIDES; TARGET AB A series of liquid chromatography methods using particle beam mass spectrometry has been developed to determine a broader range of organic pollutants. Results are presented on the determination of aromatic sulfonic acids in aqueous leachates; chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in soil and water; and of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from various matrices. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,HAZARDOUS MAT LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/0165-9936(91)87009-U PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GX111 UT WOS:A1991GX11100007 ER PT J AU STEFAN, HG GU, RC AF STEFAN, HG GU, RC TI CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR HYDRAULIC DESTRATIFICATION SYSTEMS IN SMALL PONDS, LAKES, OR RESERVOIRS FOR WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE PONDS; WATER QUALITY; MIXING; LAKES; JETS; STRATIFICATION; DESTRATIFICATION AB Forced artificial mixing of temperature-stratified ponds, or small lakes or reservoirs, by liquid jets can enhance water quality and can also be energy efficient. Based on previous studies of jet mixing mechanics of stratified water bodies, a conceptual design approach is presented. The main "operational" and "system" design parameters are considered in the proposed method. Using minimization of a total cost estimate as a criterion, an iterative method for the selection of the number and size of the jets is developed and illustrated. C1 US EPA,ASCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP STEFAN, HG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL & MINERAL ENGN,ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAUL LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 967 EP 978 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HQ449 UT WOS:A1991HQ44900007 ER PT J AU SCOTTO, J PITCHER, H LEE, JAH AF SCOTTO, J PITCHER, H LEE, JAH TI INDICATIONS OF FUTURE DECREASING TRENDS IN SKIN-MELANOMA MORTALITY AMONG WHITES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; SUN EXPOSURE; AGE; ULTRAVIOLET; HABITS; COHORT; RATES AB Trends in skin melanoma death rates during a 35-year period, 1950-84, were analyzed according to age, sex, and birth cohort for whites in the United States. In contrast to upward trends observed for older men and women (i.e., over 40), downward trends were noted for younger age groups. The risk of dying from skin melanoma appears to have peaked for male cohorts born during the 1950s and for female cohorts born during the 1930s. Assuming no future environmental or lifestyle changes, the upward trend in age-adjusted mortality rates, which averaged 2 to 3% per annum since 1950, is projected to discontinue and bend downward by the second decade of the 21st century. Skin melanoma incidence data, which was limited to a series of 12 years (1973-84) and inadequate for cohort analyses, were included to demonstrate that trends in age-specific rates were comparable with those observed for mortality during the overlapping time period. Incidence trends according to anatomical site are also described. These results indicate that baseline data necessary for assessing the potential effects on this disease from future depletions of the ozone layer, and predicted increases of solar ultra-violet radiation exposure, would be improved with the inclusion of cohort data and age-specific trend analyses. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SCOTTO, J (reprint author), NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 21 PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910490403 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GL721 UT WOS:A1991GL72100002 PM 1917147 ER PT J AU TOLBERT, PE SHY, CM ALLEN, JW AF TOLBERT, PE SHY, CM ALLEN, JW TI MICRONUCLEI AND OTHER NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN BUCCAL SMEARS - A FIELD-TEST IN SNUFF USERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CYTOGENETICS; CYTOLOGY; DNA DAMAGE; MICRONUCLEI; MICRONUCLEUS TESTS; TOBACCO, SMOKELESS ID EXFOLIATED CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; ORAL-MUCOSA; BETEL QUID; CANCER; LYMPHOCYTES; ASSAY; MUTAGENICITY; ABERRATIONS AB A revised protocol for the exfoliated cell micronucleus assay was field-tested in a population exposed to a genotoxic agent, snuff, at levels associated with a significant increase in cancer risk. The standard assay involves examination of epithelial smears to determine the prevalence of micronucleated cells, an indication of chromosome breakage or mitotic interference. The assay was revised to increase specificity and to include separate scoring of other nuclear anomalies associated with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The modified assay was applied to buccal smears of 38 female snuff users and 15 female nonusers recruited from a North Carolina clinic in 1987. The prevalence of micronucleation was elevated in the snuff users as compared with the nonusers (prevalence ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.2) and, to a lesser extent, at the usual contact site as compared with a distal buccal site in the snuff users (prevalence ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.9-2.5). The pattern of relative frequencies of several nuclear anomalies provided strong evidence of a cytotoxic effect, the prevalence ratios ranging from 2 to 13. Nuclear degenerative phenomena can be difficult to distinguish from classical micronuclei; thus, the observed association of indicators of cytotoxicity with exposure introduces the possibility of bias away from the null in micronucleus findings due to differential misclassification. Until methods to better distinguish extranuclear bodies of different origins become available, investigators should use the revised protocol and should focus on agents not thought to be cytotoxic. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP TOLBERT, PE (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [5-T3-CA09330] NR 35 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 8 BP 840 EP 850 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GQ030 UT WOS:A1991GQ03000008 PM 1951279 ER PT J AU FISHER, LJ AF FISHER, LJ TI A RATIONAL APPROACH FOR ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT - AN EPA PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP FISHER, LJ (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 52 IS 10 BP A548 EP A550 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HP689 UT WOS:A1991HP68900001 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE INMON, J JACKSON, M GEORGE, M BELL, DA DEMARINI, DM AF GALLAGHER, JE INMON, J JACKSON, M GEORGE, M BELL, DA DEMARINI, DM TI HIGH-YIELD OF DNA ISOLATED FROM HUMAN HAIR SHAFTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,INST GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. EHRT,DURHAM,NC. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 440 EP 440 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902497 ER PT J AU HELEN, B SINGH, I SANDHU, SS DOEHMER, J ATHWAL, RS AF HELEN, B SINGH, I SANDHU, SS DOEHMER, J ATHWAL, RS TI A HYBRID CELL-LINE EXPRESSING CYTOCHROME P450 GENES - APPLICATION IN THE DETECTION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MAINZ,INST TOXIKOL,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902542 ER PT J AU HORST, WG VOLD, SH MATTERN, F BOWERS, G WALKER, J AF HORST, WG VOLD, SH MATTERN, F BOWERS, G WALKER, J TI OPERATIONAL CHANGES BENEFIT ODOR MANAGEMENT - 1 SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP HORST, WG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD OCT PY 1991 VL 32 IS 10 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA GK798 UT WOS:A1991GK79800007 ER PT J AU GUPTA, RC GARG, A EARLEY, K AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, GR NESNOW, S AF GUPTA, RC GARG, A EARLEY, K AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, GR NESNOW, S TI DNA ADDUCTS OF THE ANTITUMOR AGENT DIAZIQUONE SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHROMATID EXCHANGE INDUCTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; PHASE-II TRIAL; AZIRIDINYLBENZOQUINONE AZQ; P-32-POSTLABELING TEST; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; 2,5-DIAZIRIDINYL-3,6-BIS(CARBOETHOXYAMINO)-1,4-BENZOQUINONE; BINDING; INVIVO; SENSITIVITY AB We have studied adduct formation of the antineoplastic agent diaziquone (AZQ; NSC 182986) with DNA and nucleotides in vitro. The aziridine moieties of AZQ can be expected to interact covalently with DNA which, in turn, presumably elicits the antitumor activity. We analyzed AZQ-DNA adducts by a modified P-32-postlabeling assay involving purification of the nuclease P1-enriched labeled adducts by high-salt C18 reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and separation of the eluted adducts on a polyethyleneimine-cellulose layer using non-urea salt solutions. Modification of calf thymus DNA with AZQ produced two major (22% and 40%) and at least eight minor adducts. At equal concentrations of AZQ and DNA (1-mu-g/mu-l each), peak binding was observed in about 2 h [1926 +/- 378 (SD) fmol/mu-g of DNA] with the binding levels remaining practically unchanged through 4 h. However, incubation for 24 h resulted in over 40% decline, indicating adduct instability. AZQ was found to be highly reactive in vitro as evidenced by its substantial binding (49 +/- 14 fmol/mu-g of DNA) even at a DNA:AZQ ratio of 100:1. When incubated with mononucleotides, AZQ reacted extensively with adenine, guanine, and cytosine but only slighgly with thymine. Cochromatography of the modified DNA and nucleotides revealed that one of the major adducts and several minor adducts were guanine derived. The aziridine rings of AZQ were found to be the main reactive sites as its monoaminoalcohol derivative showed as much DNA reactivity as did the parent compound, but no activity was observed when both aziridine groups were hydrolyzed to diaminoalcohols. The improved P-32-postlabeling assay seems capable of detecting relatively polar adducts such as those formed with AZQ at a level of one adduct/10(9) nucleotides. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GUPTA, RC (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,PREVENT MED & GRAD CTR TOXICOL,207 FUNKHOUSER BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40506, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 19 BP 5198 EP 5204 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GH250 UT WOS:A1991GH25000019 PM 1913643 ER PT J AU ROSS, J NELSON, G EREXSON, G KLIGERMAN, A EARLEY, K GUPTA, RC NESNOW, S AF ROSS, J NELSON, G EREXSON, G KLIGERMAN, A EARLEY, K GUPTA, RC NESNOW, S TI DNA ADDUCTS IN RAT LUNG, LIVER AND PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES PRODUCED BY IP ADMINISTRATION OF BENZO[A]PYRENE METABOLITES AND DERIVATIVES SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID BENZO(A)PYRENE; BINDING; CARCINOGEN; INVIVO; MOUSE; CELLS; SKIN AB DNA adducts produced in vivo in rat lung, liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes following the i.p. administration of several synthetic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolites and ring-substituted derivatives have been analyzed by the nuclease P1 version of the P-32-postlabeling assay. These include 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11- and 12-hydroxy-B[a]P, (+/-)-B[a]P-trans-4,5-dihydrodiol, (+/-)-B [a]P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, (+/-)-B[a]P-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol and B[a]P-7,8-dione. Among the monohydroxy derivatives, only 2-, 9- and 12-hydroxy-B[a]P produced detectable adducts. The only disubstituted derivative studied that produced adducts was the trans-7,8-dihydrodiol. The resulting DNA adducts were compared to those produced in each tissue by administration of B[a]P. 9-Hydroxy-B[a]P and B[a]P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol each lead to the formation of major B[a]P adducts seen in lung and liver respectively. None of the adducts derived from either 2-hydroxy-B[a]P or 12-hydroxy-B[a]P were observed following administration of B[a]P alone. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,GRAD CTR TOXICOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP ROSS, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1953 EP 1955 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.10.1953 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GK259 UT WOS:A1991GK25900031 PM 1934277 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, P LADD, L AF SCHROEDER, P LADD, L TI SLOWING THE INCREASE OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE - A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOODS; ORGANIC-MATTER; STORAGE; FORESTS AB Planting trees to act as carbon sinks has been suggested as a way to slow the increase of atmospheric CO2. Forestry growth and yield models were used to estimate that it would take 192 million hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) or 250 million hectares of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to capture and store the United States' anthropogenic carbon emissions for an assumed period of 50 yr, at current emission rates. Although maximum growth rates are similar for both species, Douglas-fir requires less area because of its greater ability to store carbon, and its ability to maintain a high growth rate for a longer period of time. The usefulness of a particular species also depends in part on the length of the planning horizon and the forestry project. For periods of 50 or more years, it is important to consider a species' cumulative carbon storage potential rather than its potential maximum growth rate at some point during its life cycle. Forestation (reforestation and afforestation) appears to be feasible as a possible component of a comprehensive strategy for managing the CO2 problem, but it must be practiced globally to be effective. RP SCHROEDER, P (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/BF00140167 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN428 UT WOS:A1991GN42800003 ER PT J AU COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L HAMILTON, T LEVEE, G TERHUNE, M BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H AF COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L HAMILTON, T LEVEE, G TERHUNE, M BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H TI UV-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY RESPONSES TO EPICUTANEOUS ANTIGEN IN HUMANS IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RATE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL-TOLERANCE TO DNCB SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV COPENHAGEN,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP A719 EP A719 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF369 UT WOS:A1991GF36900322 ER PT J AU BROWN, KP HOSSEINIPOUR, EZ AF BROWN, KP HOSSEINIPOUR, EZ TI MODELING SPECIATION, TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF METALS FROM MINE WASTES SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the results of modeling studies on transformation and speciation of metals within a river basin contaminated by mining wastes. New methods for estimating contaminant transformation on a comprehensive river basin based on assembled subsite behaviors are demonstrated for a collection of Hazardous Waste Sites mandated for clean up under the special act of United States Congress, commonly referred to as Superfund sites in the Upper Clark Fork River, south-western Montana, USA. A linked assessment system - consisting of contaminant transformation, Non-Point Source (NPS) and groundwater mixing and transport, surface hydrology and erosion, and surface-water quality models - has been developed, tested, and applied at the site. The main focus of this paper is development and application of site-specific models for metal speciation and transformation processes. Results of metals speciation modeling, specifically copper, indicate that metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and sulfates are precipitates that control the availability of heavy metal solutes for transport. RP BROWN, KP (reprint author), US EPA,ASCI CORP,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 89 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90055-6 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GP698 UT WOS:A1991GP69800005 ER PT J AU LYNCH, DG TIRADO, NF BOETHLING, RS HUSE, GR THOM, GC AF LYNCH, DG TIRADO, NF BOETHLING, RS HUSE, GR THOM, GC TI PERFORMANCE OF ONLINE CHEMICAL-PROPERTY ESTIMATION METHODS WITH TSCA PREMANUFACTURE NOTICE CHEMICALS SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST TS-798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. VERSAR INC,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22151. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(91)90061-S PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GH597 UT WOS:A1991GH59700010 PM 1769354 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J SPIX, C WICHMANN, HE MALIN, E AF SCHWARTZ, J SPIX, C WICHMANN, HE MALIN, E TI AIR-POLLUTION AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN 5 GERMAN COMMUNITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PEDIATRIC PRACTICE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; INDOOR; OZONE; SYMPTOMS C1 UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,DEPT LABOR SAFETY & ENVIRONM MED,W-5600 WUPPERTAL 1,GERMANY. UNIV DUSSELDORF,MED INST ENVIRONM HYG,W-4000 DUSSELDORF 1,GERMANY. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,PM221,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 48 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80104-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GJ992 UT WOS:A1991GJ99200001 PM 1915187 ER PT J AU MUMFORD, JL WILLIAMS, RW WALSH, DB BURTON, RM SVENDSGAARD, DJ CHUANG, JC HOUK, VS LEWTAS, J AF MUMFORD, JL WILLIAMS, RW WALSH, DB BURTON, RM SVENDSGAARD, DJ CHUANG, JC HOUK, VS LEWTAS, J TI INDOOR AIR-POLLUTANTS FROM UNVENTED KEROSENE HEATER EMISSIONS IN MOBILE HOMES - STUDIES ON PARTICLES, SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS, CARBON-MONOXIDE, AND MUTAGENICITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACE HEATERS; ASSAY; GAS AB This study assessed human exposure to air pollutants from unvented kerosene heaters in mobile homes. Eight electric homes with no smokers were monitored for airborne particles of < 10-mu-m in diameter (PM10), semivolatile organics, and carbon monoxide with the kerosene heaters on and off. The organic emissions were assayed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nitro-PAH, and for mutagenicity in a Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay. Usage of kerosene heaters resulted in (a) a significant increase in CO and organic levels (including carcinogenic PAH and nitro-PAH), (b) no significant effect on PM10 levels, except in two homes, (c) the presence of unburned kerosene fuel, (d) an increase in mutagenicity (in TA98) of particle-phase organics in five homes, and (e) little mutagenicity in the semivolatile organics in TA98 and TA100. Four of the eight heaters investigated emitted pollutants that exceeded the U.S. ambient air standards for the 24-h PM10 standard and/or CO standards (the 1-h peak or 8-h average standard). This study showed that kerosene heater emissions can significantly impact indoor air quality in mobile homes. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP MUMFORD, JL (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1732 EP 1738 DI 10.1021/es00022a009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GH491 UT WOS:A1991GH49100013 ER PT J AU FERRARO, SP SWARTZ, RC COLE, FA SCHULTS, DW AF FERRARO, SP SWARTZ, RC COLE, FA SCHULTS, DW TI TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE BENTHOS ALONG A POLLUTION GRADIENT - DISCRIMINATING THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL PHENOMENA FROM SEWAGE INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER EFFECTS SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; MARINE POLLUTION; MACROBENTHOS; TOXICITY; CONTAMINANTS; CALIFORNIA COAST ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; EL-NINO; COASTAL SHELF; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; STORM; KELP; DISTURBANCES; FLUCTUATIONS RP FERRARO, SP (reprint author), US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ERL-N,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 71 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 383 EP 407 DI 10.1016/0272-7714(91)90064-I PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA GK001 UT WOS:A1991GK00100004 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JM FRANCIS, BM BARBEE, BD CHERNOFF, N AF ROGERS, JM FRANCIS, BM BARBEE, BD CHERNOFF, N TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF BROMOXYNIL IN MICE AND RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL STRESS; MOUSE C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ROGERS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90195-A PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GL283 UT WOS:A1991GL28300002 PM 1794648 ER PT J AU CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM TURNER, CI FRANCIS, BM AF CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM TURNER, CI FRANCIS, BM TI SIGNIFICANCE OF SUPERNUMERARY RIBS IN RODENT DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES - POSTNATAL PERSISTENCE IN RATS AND MICE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL TOXICITY; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; STRESS; MOUSE C1 NORTHROP SERV INC,TECHNOL CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CHERNOFF, N (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90196-B PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GL283 UT WOS:A1991GL28300003 PM 1794649 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM PERREAULT, SD HARRIS, ST AF CUMMINGS, AM PERREAULT, SD HARRIS, ST TI USE OF BROMOERGOCRYPTINE IN THE VALIDATION OF PROTOCOLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MECHANISMS OF EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS IN THE RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE RATS; BROMOCRIPTINE; METHOXYCHLOR; TRANSPORT; IMPLANTATION; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; INVIVO C1 NORTHROP SERV INC,TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90206-J PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GL283 UT WOS:A1991GL28300013 PM 1794658 ER PT J AU HINZ, RS LORENCE, CR HODSON, CD HANSCH, C HALL, LL GUY, RH AF HINZ, RS LORENCE, CR HODSON, CD HANSCH, C HALL, LL GUY, RH TI PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION OF PARA-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS INVITRO SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN; HYDROPHOBIC CHARACTER; NONLINEAR DEPENDENCE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; PERMEATION; MODEL; ABSORPTION; BARRIER C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. POMONA COLL,SEAVER CHEM LAB,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Guy, Richard/H-3471-2012; OI Guy, Richard/0000-0003-3227-9862 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90207-K PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GL283 UT WOS:A1991GL28300014 PM 1794659 ER PT J AU SMITH, DF KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE MCIVER, CD BUFALINI, JJ AF SMITH, DF KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE MCIVER, CD BUFALINI, JJ TI THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; FUEL ADDITIVES; KINETICS; ALCOHOL; SERIES; OH AB Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has been proposed and is being used as an additive to increase the octane of gasoline without the use of tetraethyl lead and alkylbenzenes. The present experiments have been performed to examine the kinetics and mechanisms of the atmospheric removal of MTBE. The kinetics of the reaction of OH with MTBE was examined by using a relative rate technique in which photolysis of methyl nitrite was used as the source of OH. With n-butane as the reference compound a value of (2.99 +/- 0.12) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at a temperature of 298 K was obtained for the rate constant. The products (and product yields) for the OH reaction with MTBE in the presence of NO(x) were also determined and found to be t-butyl formate (0.68 +/- 0.05), methyl acetate (0.14 +/- 0.02), acetone (0.026 +/- 0.003), t-butanol (0.062 +/- 0.009), and formaldehyde (0.48 +/- 0.05) in mols/mol MTBE converted. The OH rate constant for the major product formed, t-butyl formate was also measured and found to be (7.37 +/- 0.05) x 10(-13) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Mechanisms to rationalize the formation of the products are presented. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SMITH, DF (reprint author), NORTHROP SERV INC,TECHNOL SERV CORP ENVIRONM SCI,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 19 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 10 BP 907 EP 924 DI 10.1002/kin.550231006 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GF361 UT WOS:A1991GF36100005 ER PT J AU RICHARD, AM AF RICHARD, AM TI QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS FOR STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE SIMILARITY INDEXES; ANALOGS AB An approach for representing, efficiently calculating and comparing discrete three-dimensional molecular electrostatic potentials using a quantitative similarity index (MEP-SI) based on a Carbo-type formalism is presented. A radial-type (MACRA) grid representation is described that provides more efficient storage of MEP information than a cubic grid of similar range, appropriate emphasis, and a convenient means for restricting the comparison of MEP functions to a local molecule region. The MACRA based MEP-SI formalism was used to evaluate the suitability of a variety of approximate methods for efficiently calculating the MEP for use in MEP-SI comparison of dissimilar molecules. The Mulliken charge method was found inadequate, while the method of potential-derived charges (PDCs), with additional charges for lone electron pairs included on sulfur, provided an efficient and sufficiently accurate representation of the MEP for this purpose. Convergence of the MEP-SI with respect to MACRA grid extent and mesh size was demonstrated; the effect of MEP error and different grid point emphasis in the MACRA versus the cubic grid results was investigated, and MEP-SI results were compared for different forms of the SI equation. The methodology proposed in this study provides an efficient and practical means for comparing MEP functions for two molecules and gives discriminating results for a sample series of molecular analogues consistent with expectations. RP RICHARD, AM (reprint author), US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 8 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1002/jcc.540120809 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GH442 UT WOS:A1991GH44200008 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, JA LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM AF GOODRICH, JA LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM TI DRINKING-WATER FROM AGRICULTURALLY CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Sharp increases in fertilizer and pesticide use throughout the 1960s and 1970s along with generally less attachment to soil particles may result in more widespread contamination of drinking water supplies. The purpose of this study was to highlight the use of agricultural chemicals and their occurrence in groundwater while focusing on the engineering processes available for removing them to acceptable limits for consumers. Through various case studies and field-scale research projects, several different drinking water treatment technologies have been evaluated for their capability removing various groundwater contaminants. Both central treatment and individual household point of entry devices were studied. Treatment options vary depending on the types of contaminants to be removed. Best available technology consists of ion exchange or reverse osmosis for removing nitrates, granular activated C for removing non-volatile synthetic organics, and air stripping for volatile synthetic organics. Since there is no single treatment for all contaminants, a homeowner or individual community will have to evaluate their particular situation and possibly select a treatment scheme or combination of technologies to provide the best cost-effective solution. C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCT ENG LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GOODRICH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 27 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 707 EP 717 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700001 ER PT J AU ALLEN, KN AF ALLEN, KN TI SEASONAL-VARIATION OF SELENIUM IN OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL STREAM-WETLAND SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; WATER AB Two outdoor experimental stream-wetland systems were exposed continuously to 10-mu-g/L Se(IV) over a 2-yr period. A seasonal variation in the water column Se concentration was found in wetlands; a comparable variation was not observed in the stream segments. Water column Se was never reduced by more than 20% in the streams, but was reduced by greater than 90% in midsummer in the wetlands. Accumulation of Se in plants was much higher in the wetlands than in the streams, particularly in duckweed (Lemna minor). The deposition of Se in sediments was extremely variable within the wetlands. RP ALLEN, KN (reprint author), US EPA,MONTICELLO ECOL RES STN,MONTICELLO,MN 55362, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700024 ER PT J AU MCCLENNY, WA PLEIL, JD EVANS, GF OLIVER, KD HOLDREN, MW WINBERRY, WT AF MCCLENNY, WA PLEIL, JD EVANS, GF OLIVER, KD HOLDREN, MW WINBERRY, WT TI CANISTER-BASED METHOD FOR MONITORING TOXIC VOCS IN AMBIENT AIR SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CRYOGENIC PRECONCENTRATION AB The availability of reliable, accurate and precise monitoring methods for toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a primary need for state and local agencies addressing daily monitoring requirements related to odor complaints, fugitive emissions, and trend monitoring. The canister-based monitoring method for VOCs is a viable and widely used approach that is based on research and evaluation performed over the past several years. This activity has involved the testing of sample stability of VOCs in canisters and the design of time-integrative samplers. The development of procedures for analysis of samples in canisters, including the procedure for VOC preconcentration from whole air, the treatment of water vapor in the sample, and the selection of an appropriate analytical finish has been accomplished. The canister-based method was initially summarized in the EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air as Method TO-14. Modifications and refinements are being added to Method TO-14 in order to obtain a Statement of Work for the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program for Air. This paper discusses the developments leading to the current status of the canister-based method and provides a critique of the method using results obtained in EPA monitoring networks. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. ENGN SCI,CARY,NC 27511. RP MCCLENNY, WA (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 50 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1308 EP 1318 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN387 UT WOS:A1991GN38700006 ER PT J AU BRENNER, R AF BRENNER, R TI INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS - BENEFIT-COST-ANALYSIS AND EFFLUENT FEES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP BRENNER, R (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR & RADIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1331 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN387 UT WOS:A1991GN38700011 ER PT J AU BISSON, DL JACKSON, DR WILLIAMS, KR GRUBE, WE AF BISSON, DL JACKSON, DR WILLIAMS, KR GRUBE, WE TI STATIC LEACHING OF SOLIDIFIED STABILIZED HAZARDOUS-WASTE FROM THE SOLIDITECH PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB WILT, ANS 16.1 and TCLP leach tests were performed on solidified/stabilized (s/s) wastes treated by Soliditech, Inc. of Houston, Texas as part of a U.S. EPA SITE demonstration project conducted in December 1988 at the Imperial Oil Company/Champion Chemical Company Superfund site in Morganville, New Jersey. All three leaching tests performed on the s/s wastes indicated that the primary contaminants of concern (lead and PCBs) were not leachable. The ANS 16.1 static leach test for the s/s wastes provided diffusion coefficients (D(e)) for Al, Ca, and Na that were comparable to those obtained from the WILT test. However, plots of the ANS 16.1 data indicated that wetting of the samples confounded the static leaching process. The large column WILT D(e) was used to estimate that less than 0.8-mu-g/cm2 lead would leach from a one-cubic yard block of s/s waste in contact with groundwater over a 60-month leaching period. This corresponds to concentrations less than 10-mu-g/L lead in the water contacting the block of s/s waste. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP BISSON, DL (reprint author), RADIAN CORP,POB 201088,AUSTIN,TX 78720, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1348 EP 1354 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN387 UT WOS:A1991GN38700015 ER PT J AU BARKLEY, NP AF BARKLEY, NP TI EXTRACTION OF MERCURY FROM GROUNDWATER USING IMMOBILIZED ALGAE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. conducted a project under the Emerging Technology portion of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program to evaluate the ability of immobilized algae to adsorb mercury from contaminated groundwater in laboratory studies and pilot-scale field tests. Algal biomass was incorporated in a permeable polymeric matrix. The product, AlgaSORB, packed into adsorption columns, exhibited excellent flow characteristics, and functioned as a "biological" ion exchange resin. A sequence of eleven laboratory tests demonstrated the ability of this product to adsorb mercury from groundwater that contained high levels of total dissolved solids and hard water components. However, use of a single AlgaSORB preparation yielded nonrepeatable results with samples collected at different times of the year. The strategy of sequentially extracting the groundwater through two columns containing different preparations of AlgaSORB was developed and proved successful in laboratory and pilot-scale field tests. Field test results indicate that AlgaSORB could be economically competitive with ion exchange resins for removal of mercury, with the advantage that hardness and other dissolved solids do not appear to compete with heavy metals for binding capacity. RP BARKLEY, NP (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1387 EP 1393 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN387 UT WOS:A1991GN38700025 PM 1777231 ER PT J AU DIAL, CJ HOUTHOOFD, JM HARRIS, EF AF DIAL, CJ HOUTHOOFD, JM HARRIS, EF TI ENGINEERING BULLETINS - AIDS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB An overview of activities of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in response to the Environmental Protection Agency's Treatability Initiative are described and a summary of the information in the first ten Engineering Bulletins, which are a component of the initiative, is provided. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP DIAL, CJ (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1393 EP 1396 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN387 UT WOS:A1991GN38700026 ER PT J AU BERCZ, JP AF BERCZ, JP TI ENDOCRINE TOXICITY OF DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTANTS .1. INVIVO DEHALOGENATION AND CLEARANCE OF IODINATED NUTRIENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; THYROID-FUNCTION; METABOLISM; RAT AB Ingestion of aqueous chlorine-based disinfectants has been shown earlier to cause decreased serum thyroxine levels and increased I-131- thyroid uptake in nonhuman primates. Disinfectants also were shown to immobilize iodine on gastric mucosa and cause covalent binding of dietary iodide to gastrointestinal contents in laboratory rodents. It has been demonstrated that nutrients in the presence of chlorine oxides, under conditions simulating the alimentary tract, effectively organify I- in vitro. A logical consequence of these is that traces of iodinated organics are absorbed after ingestion of drinking water disinfectants. Since over 100 million consumers receive a daily dose of about 0.4 mM of free chlorine, the pharmacotoxicology of such modified nutrient molecules is of public health interest. Therefore, we examined the in vivo deiodination of randomly in vitro iodinated organic mixtures prepared from different nutrients. Using adult female rats, we determined the 24-hour thyroid uptake of I-125- liberated from nutrients administered by gavage, relative to simultaneously ip-injected I-131-. Also, 24-hour fecal and urinary clearances of the iodinated organics as well as tissue distributions were determined. The results showed that although various iodinated nutrient classes widely differed in their in vivo fate, most were dehalogenated effectively. Thus, their iodine content was returned as inorganic I- for thyroid uptake. It was also shown that tissue (blood, liver, intestinal, adipose, and muscle) distribution of the two isotopes did not differ significantly, suggesting that at 24 hours, the originally organic iodine existed in the tissues as inorganic I-. It is likely that oral exposure to chlorine-based disinfectants did not disturb the bioavailability of I-, and any thyroid effects caused were due to mechanisms other than I- deficiency. RP BERCZ, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN865 UT WOS:A1991HN86500004 ER PT J AU BERCZ, JP GARNER, L AF BERCZ, JP GARNER, L TI ENDOCRINE TOXICITY OF DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTANTS .2. INHIBITION OF HEPATIC 5'-THYROXINE DEIODINASE BY HALOGENATED NUTRIENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; THYROID-FUNCTION; RAT; THYROXINE; CONVERSION; ILLNESSES AB Administration of drinking water treated with chlorine-based disinfectants was shown in prior studies to interfere with thyroid function of laboratory animals. One possible mechanism is that intraalimentary redox interactions between chlorine oxides and organic and inorganic contents of the gastrointestinal tract cause formation of iodinated and chlorinated nutrients. Several halogenated organic molecules generated by this route were shown to vary in their in vivo dehalogenation and clearance. In seeking clues to the etiology of the thyroid effect, the influence of several iodinated and chlorinated amino and fatty acid isomers on 5'-deiodination of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) was studied using rat liver homogenates in this study. Several of the compounds tested inhibited conversion of T4 to T3, with effective concentration comparable to the known inhibitor of the type I 5'-thyroxine deiodinase (5'-TDI). Unexpectedly, iodinated isomers of histidine, and chlorotyrosine appeared to activate rather than decrease T3 formation. Effective molar concentrations indicated that even if all of the chlorine dose ingested via drinking water would be converted into such halogenated analogs, their levels in body fluids would be too small to cause clinically detectable thyroid changes. RP BERCZ, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN865 UT WOS:A1991HN86500005 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS ALLISON, JC CREASON, J AF CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS ALLISON, JC CREASON, J TI EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM CONCENTRATIONS AND CHEMICAL DOSE CONCENTRATIONS FOR THE SALMONELLA SPIRAL AND PLATE ASSAYS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PROMUTAGENS; SALMONELLA SPIRAL ASSAY; SPIRAL ASSAY; PLATE ASSAY; ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; 2-AMINOANTHRACENE; BENZO[A]PYRENE ID MICROSOME MUTAGENICITY TEST; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; LIVER-MICROSOMES; AMES ASSAY; HEPATIC S9; TYPHIMURIUM; RAT; CYTOCHROME-P-450 AB A factorial experimental design was used within this study to evaluate the influence of multiple metabolic activation system concentrations on the dose-response exhibited by promutagens (indirect-acting mutagens) in the Salmonella spiral and plate assays. The mutagenic activity of the three compounds used spanned three orders of magnitude. The mutagenic activity of the compounds ranged from 10 to 100 revertants/mu-g for acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) to more than 1000 revertants/mu-g for 2-aminoanthracene (2AA). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) activity was within an intermediate range (100-1000 revertants/mu-g). During a single experiment, a mutagen was tested in TA100 at 13 doses plus a negative control dose. Each dose was tested at 10 S9 concentrations. The S9 concentrations ranged from 0.1 mg protein/plate to 4 mg protein/plate in the standard plate assay and from 0.25 to 4.90 mg-equivalents in the spiral assay. The spiral Salmonella assay, an automated version of the standard assay, generates dose-response data from a concentration gradient on a single agar plate, thereby providing a straightforward approach to this type of study. This study demonstrates not only that even small differences in S9 concentrations can affect the measurement of mutagenic potency but that S9/compound interactions cannot be generalized through the use of interaction studies. This study also shows that spiral assay data and plate assay data for promutagens cannot be compared directly unless the S9 concentrations for all chemical doses are also comparable. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1991 VL 253 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90126-S PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GJ561 UT WOS:A1991GJ56100003 PM 1922139 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS MONTEITH, LG MYERS, LE HUGHES, TJ AF CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS MONTEITH, LG MYERS, LE HUGHES, TJ TI ASSESSING THE USE OF KNOWN MUTAGENS TO CALIBRATE THE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM MUTAGENICITY ASSAY .1. WITHOUT EXOGENOUS ACTIVATION SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY, CALIBRATION; CALIBRATION, MUTAGENICITY ASSAY; REFERENCE COMPOUNDS; COMPARATIVE BIOASSAYS; REFERENCE STANDARD; AUDIT MATERIALS; REPRODUCIBILITY ID GENETIC DRIFT; TESTS; CARCINOGENS; CHEMICALS AB There has been an increasing need in genetic toxicology to progress from strictly qualitative tests to more quantitative tests. This, in turn, has increased the need to develop better quality assurance and comparative bioassay methods. In this paper, two laboratories tested 10 Salmonella mutagens in order to determine the usefulness of selected chemicals as potential reference materials to calibrate the Salmonella assay. If variance within a bioassay is sufficiently low and the rankings of the compounds are of acceptable consistency, the chemicals later could be evaluated for use as standard control compounds, as audit materials, and as standard reference materials for comparative bioassay efforts. The results demonstrated that the chosen chemicals (with the possible exception of dimethylcarbamylchloride) provide such consistent results in the Salmonella mutagenicity bioassay that they can be used for semi-quantitative calibration and as possible bioassay controls, special audit chemicals, and potentially as reference standards in comparative bioassay efforts. Reference standards, whether used as audit materials or in comparative bioassays, must be used concurrently with the test substances of interest; used without bias; used in a standardized, highly controlled bioassay; and be tested across an appropriate dose range. The study also shows that when these compounds are used as reference standards much care must be given to the number and spacing of doses if highly reproducible slope values are to be generated. We recommend use of a pilot test to establish a dose range for definitive tests and the placement of doses for the definitive tests within the first half of the linear dose-response curve. For appropriate comparisons, one should replicate the tests using the defined dose range and analyze the results in a non-biased statistical manner. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1991 VL 253 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90127-T PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GJ561 UT WOS:A1991GJ56100004 PM 1922140 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WARNER, JR MYERS, LE HUGHES, TJ AF CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WARNER, JR MYERS, LE HUGHES, TJ TI ASSESSING THE USE OF KNOWN MUTAGENS TO CALIBRATE THE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM MUTAGENICITY ASSAY .2. WITH EXOGENOUS ACTIVATION SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY, CALIBRATION; CALIBRATION, MUTAGENICITY ASSAY; EXOGENOUS ACTIVATION; REFERENCE COMPOUNDS; COMPARATIVE BIOASSAYS; REFERENCE STANDARD; AUDIT MATERIALS; REPRODUCIBILITY ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; TESTS; CARCINOGENICITY; PROTOCOL AB In order to determine the usefulness of selected chemicals as potential reference materials for calibrating the Salmonella assay, two laboratories tested a series of Salmonella mutagens that require exogenous activation. When the variance for individual substances within a bioassay is sufficiently low and the rankings of those substances are of acceptable consistency, they can later be evaluated for use as standard control compounds, as audit materials, and as standard reference materials for comparative bioassay efforts. The purpose of this project, therefore, was to evaluate the variability in the mutagenic response of potential reference chemicals that require exogenous metabolic activation in the standard plate-incorporation Salmonella mutagenicity assay, and to develop ranking criteria for mutagenic activity based on these data. Ten indirect-acting mutagens were tested in two laboratories using Salmonella typhimurium Ta100 and an Aroclor-induced rat liver S9. Each laboratory conducted four definitive testing rounds. A different batch of S9 was utilized for every two rounds. Of the 10 chemicals tested only 2-anthramine had a mean slope value greater than 1000 revertants/mu-g. Three chemicals had slope values between 1000 and 100; and five chemicals had slope values between 100 and 10. The remaining compound, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene, could not be placed into a single category because it had slope values on either side of 100 revertants per mg. Coefficients of variance were low (i.e., below 25% in most cases). The low variability achieved in this study may be accounted for by two parameters of the study. First, based on Claxton et al. (1991a) and the S9 optimization for three compounds, the amount of S9 was calibrated to a set amount of protein per plate (1.1 mg/plate). Secondly, the 10 test doses were placed in the initial, linear, nontoxic portion of the dose-response curves. The use of ten closely spaced, nontoxic doses allowed for a more accurate estimate of the slope. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1991 VL 253 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90128-U PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GJ561 UT WOS:A1991GJ56100005 PM 1922141 ER PT J AU EREXSON, GL KLIGERMAN, AD BRYANT, MF SONTAG, MR HALPERIN, EC AF EREXSON, GL KLIGERMAN, AD BRYANT, MF SONTAG, MR HALPERIN, EC TI INDUCTION OF MICRONUCLEI BY X-RADIATION IN HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MICRONUCLEI; LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOCHALASIN-B; (HUMAN, RAT, MOUSE); PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES ID DOSE-RESPONSE; ABERRATIONS; FRAGMENTS AB We compared the radiosensitivity of human, rat and mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by analyzing micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-induced binucleated (BN) cells. For each species and dose 4-ml aliquots of whole blood were X-irradiated to obtain doses of 38, 75, 150 or 300 cGy. Controls were sham-irradiated. After exposure to X-rays, mononuclear leukocytes were isolated using density gradients and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing phytohemagglutinin to stimulate mitogenesis. At 21 h cytochalasin B was added to produce BN PBLs, and all cultures were harvested at 52 h post-initiation using a cytocentrifuge. Significant dose-dependent increases in the percentage of micronucleated cells and the number of MN per BN cell were observed in all three species. The linear-quadratic regression curves for the total percentage of micronucleated cells for the three species were similar; however, the curve for the mouse PBLs had a larger quadratic component than either of the curves for the rat or human PBLs. Although the correlation between the percentage of cells with MN and those with chromosome aberrations was high (r2 > 0.95), the mouse and rat PBLs were over twice as efficient as human PBLs in forming MN from presumed acentric fragments. These data indicate that the induction of MN in BN cells following ionizing radiation is similar in human, rat and mouse PBLs, but care must be taken in using the MN results to predict frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations. C1 US EPA,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV RADIAT ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP EREXSON, GL (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1991 VL 253 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90132-R PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GJ561 UT WOS:A1991GJ56100009 PM 1922145 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD MCGUIRE, JM BAUGHMAN, GL AF RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD MCGUIRE, JM BAUGHMAN, GL TI INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE LIQUID SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTRA OF SULFONATED AZO DYES SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION; DYESTUFFS AB Two monosulfonated and eight disulfonated azo dyes of varying relative molecular mass were examined by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The effects of matrix, concentration, primary beam energy, and mode of operation were addressed in order to optimize sample ionization, whilst minimizing interference from matrix ions. Seven matrices were investigated: glycerol, thioglycerol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, diethanolamine, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide and thioglycerol, and a 1:3 (v/v) mixture of dithioerythritol and dithiothreitol. Of these matrices, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol produced LSIMS spectra that exhibited the most intense sample ions and the least interference from matrix ions. Minimum concentrations of 0.4-mu-g/mu-l and 4-mu-g/mu-l (dye in matrix) were necessary to produce useful full-scan spectra for monosulfonated azo dyes and disulfonated azo dyes, respectively; maximum sample ion intensities were obtained with concentrations ranging from 20-mu-g/mu-l to 60-mu-g/mu-l. A primary ion beam (cesium) of 10 to 15 kV produced the greatest secondary ionization efficiency, and a negative-ion analysis mode produced more useful spectra than those obtained in the positive-ion mode. RP RICHARDSON, SD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 826 EP 830 DI 10.1002/oms.1210261004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GJ003 UT WOS:A1991GJ00300003 ER PT J AU WANG, J ANGNES, L LIANG, C EVANS, O AF WANG, J ANGNES, L LIANG, C EVANS, O TI ELECTROCATALYSIS AND AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES AT MODIFIED CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODES SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Cobalt-phthalocyanine modified carbon-paste electrodes are shown to catalyze the electro-oxidation of organic peroxides. Cyclic voltammetry offers useful insights into the catalytic behavior. Such behavior is exploited for developing an effective amperometric detection scheme for butanone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide with optimum response at a potential of +0.70 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Highly sensitive and stable flow injection measurements, with detection limits of 2.4-8.3 ng and relative standard deviations of 1.7-1.8% (n = 30), are reported. Applicability to measurements in drinking water is illustrated. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP WANG, J (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD OCT PY 1991 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1077 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(91)80222-L PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GP814 UT WOS:A1991GP81400003 PM 18965263 ER PT J AU PYLE, SM SETTY, MM AF PYLE, SM SETTY, MM TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF HIGH SULFUR SOILS, WITH USE OF A COPPER SCAVENGER SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HERBICIDES; SEDIMENT AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of sulfur-containing soils and sediments was hindered by deposition of elemental sulfur in the restrictor stopping the flow of carbon dioxide. It was found that a copper scavenger column placed after the sample cell removed the elemental sulfur, making SF extraction and quantification possible. Conditions are described for SFE and analysis of two standard reference materials (SRM), with use of a copper scavenger column. Quantification was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and the results were compared with the certified SRM values. RP PYLE, SM (reprint author), US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD OCT PY 1991 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(91)80230-W PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GP814 UT WOS:A1991GP81400011 PM 18965271 ER PT J AU KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ LINKO, P GOLDSTEIN, JA BIRNBAUM, LS AF KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ LINKO, P GOLDSTEIN, JA BIRNBAUM, LS TI DISPOSITION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRABROMODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN IN THE RAT - BILIARY-EXCRETION AND INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROMES CYP1A1 AND CYP1A2 SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHOXYRESORUFIN O-DEETHYLASE; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; HEPATIC-METABOLISM; 2-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLAME RETARDANTS; LIVER MICROSOMES; AH RECEPTOR; BINDING; INVIVO C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP KEDDERIS, LB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 NR 41 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 111 IS 1 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90145-5 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GN684 UT WOS:A1991GN68400018 PM 1949032 ER PT J AU OBERACKER, DA AF OBERACKER, DA TI CONVENTIONAL AND INNOVATIVE LAND-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE COMBUSTION SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON WASTE PROCESSING IN SPACE FOR ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT CY SEP 11-13, 1990 CL AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA SP NASA HO AMES RES CTR DE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATORS; HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS; BOILERS AND FURNACES; TRANSPORTABLE INCINERATORS; SOLAR ENERGY RP OBERACKER, DA (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,THERMAL DESTRUCT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 9 IS 5 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1177/0734242X9100900157 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR065 UT WOS:A1991GR06500012 PM 11537691 ER PT J AU BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM BRILIS, GM AF BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM BRILIS, GM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT BY CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY AFTER FRACTIONATION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COAL-TAR; IDENTIFICATION; AZAARENES AB Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NCACs) are characterized in soil and sediment by full-scan capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under electron ionization. The approach makes use of fractionation of methylene chloride extracts based first on partitioning of the basic compounds into acid. The neutral NCACs are then isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography which serves to separate them from the bulk of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. NCACs can then be determined using deuterated internal standards to 100-mu-g/kg or below. Examples of determinations in sediment and creosote-contaminated soil are given. An advantage of the two-step fractionation scheme is the chemical separation of azaarenes and cyanoazaarenes of the same elemental composition which facilitates identification of compound class and simplifies chromatographic separations. RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD SEP 27 PY 1991 VL 558 IS 1 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)80128-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GK089 UT WOS:A1991GK08900023 ER PT J AU BELL, DA DEMARINI, DM AF BELL, DA DEMARINI, DM TI EXCESSIVE CYCLING CONVERTS PCR PRODUCTS TO RANDOM-LENGTH HIGHER MOLECULAR-WEIGHT FRAGMENTS SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP BELL, DA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 1 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP 25 PY 1991 VL 19 IS 18 BP 5079 EP 5079 DI 10.1093/nar/19.18.5079 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GH660 UT WOS:A1991GH66000044 PM 1923779 ER PT J AU BAKER, LA HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR EILERS, JM AF BAKER, LA HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR EILERS, JM TI SOURCES OF ACIDITY IN SURFACE WATERS - RESPONSE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA,UTAH STATE UNIV,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. E&S ENVIRONM CHEM INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97339. RP BAKER, LA (reprint author), US EPA,MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RES CTR,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 20 PY 1991 VL 253 IS 5026 BP 1335 EP 1336 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GF851 UT WOS:A1991GF85100006 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, JW MCKIM, JM LIEN, GJ HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL AF NICHOLS, JW MCKIM, JM LIEN, GJ HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL TI PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED TOXICOKINETIC MODELING OF 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; RISK ASSESSMENT; METABOLISM; SOLUBILITY; CHEMICALS; BLOOD; GILLS C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP NICHOLS, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 33 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 110 IS 3 BP 374 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90040-L PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GH709 UT WOS:A1991GH70900002 PM 1949008 ER PT J AU BECKER, S MADDEN, MC NEWMAN, SL DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS AF BECKER, S MADDEN, MC NEWMAN, SL DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS TI MODULATION OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE PROPERTIES BY OZONE EXPOSURE INVITRO SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; INTERFERON-PRODUCTION; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; FC-RECEPTORS; LUNG; RAT; INTERLEUKIN-1; PHAGOCYTOSIS C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BECKER, S (reprint author), ABB ENVIRONM SCI INC,6320 QUADRANGLE DR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 53 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 110 IS 3 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90042-D PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GH709 UT WOS:A1991GH70900004 PM 1658983 ER PT J AU DASTON, GP OVERMANN, GJ TAUBENECK, MW LEHMANMCKEEMAN, LD ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL AF DASTON, GP OVERMANN, GJ TAUBENECK, MW LEHMANMCKEEMAN, LD ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL TI THE ROLE OF METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION AND ALTERED ZINC STATUS IN MATERNALLY MEDIATED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY - COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF URETHANE AND STYRENE IN RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETAL MALFORMATIONS; ZN-65 DISTRIBUTION; ETHYL CARBAMATE; PREGNANT RAT; DIETARY ZINC; METABOLISM; DNA; 6-MERCAPTOPURINE; TERATOGENESIS; DEFICIENCY C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV DEV TOXICOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, MIAMI VALLEY LABS, CINCINNATI, OH 45239 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743] NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 110 IS 3 BP 450 EP 463 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90046-H PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GH709 UT WOS:A1991GH70900008 PM 1949013 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, DA ZAMUDA, CD AF WRIGHT, DA ZAMUDA, CD TI USE OF OYSTERS AS INDICATORS OF COPPER CONTAMINATION IN THE PATUXENT RIVER, MARYLAND SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID CUPRIC ION ACTIVITY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ESTUARINE WATER; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; AMERICAN OYSTER; NATURAL-WATERS; POWER-PLANT; CHLORINATION; ULTRAFILTRATION; COMPLEXATION C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WRIGHT, DA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 13 PY 1991 VL 222 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1007/BF00017498 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GP792 UT WOS:A1991GP79200005 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WILLIAMS, R KREMER, F AF CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WILLIAMS, R KREMER, F TI OIL-SPILL CLEANUP SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,CTR ENVIRONM RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 5 PY 1991 VL 353 IS 6339 BP 24 EP 25 DI 10.1038/353024d0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GD805 UT WOS:A1991GD80500038 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ LEE, KLA CHEN, TLA KILLOUGH, P ALI, JS AF GORDON, CJ LEE, KLA CHEN, TLA KILLOUGH, P ALI, JS TI DYNAMICS OF BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN THE RAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SELECTED AMBIENT TEMPERATURE; LONG-EVANS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; FISCHER-344; MOTOR ACTIVITY; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; BODY TEMPERATURE ID PREFERRED AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; STRESS; CORTICOSTERONE; HYPERTHERMIA; ENVIRONMENT; PROLACTIN; SYSTEM AB Past studies have found that the laboratory rat placed in a temperature gradient prefers temperatures that are markedly below its lower critical ambient temperature (LCT), whereas other rodents (e.g., mouse, hamster, and guinea pig) generally select thermal environments associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. To further study the rat's thermoregulatory behavior, a temperature gradient was designed to monitor the selected ambient temperature (ST(a)) and motor activity (MA) of food-deprived rats of the Long-Evans (LE), Fischer 344 (F344), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains over a 22-h period. All three rat strains selected relatively cool ST(a)s of 21-26-degrees-C during the first 1-3 h in the temperature gradient. This was followed by a gradual increase in the ST(a) that peaked at 4 (F344) to 6 h (SD and LE) after being placed in the gradient. The LE strain had a significantly lower ST(a) during the initial period in the gradient. There were slight decreases in the ST(a) during the nocturnal phase in the F344 and SD strains concomitant with marked increases in MA. These results indicate that the rat requires a relatively long adjustment period in a temperature gradient before it exhibits ST(a)s that are associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. Given adequate time for accommodation, behavioral thermoregulatory responses of the rat appear to be similar to those of other rodents. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 261 IS 3 BP R705 EP R711 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA GE638 UT WOS:A1991GE63800076 PM 1887959 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, JE PRINCE, RC CLARK, JC GROSSMAN, MJ YEAGER, TR BRADDOCK, JF BROWN, EJ AF LINDSTROM, JE PRINCE, RC CLARK, JC GROSSMAN, MJ YEAGER, TR BRADDOCK, JF BROWN, EJ TI MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS AND HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION POTENTIALS IN FERTILIZED SHORELINE SEDIMENTS AFFECTED BY THE T/V EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION AB The effort to clean up the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, included the use of fertilizers to accelerate natural microbial degradation of stranded oil. A program to monitor various environmental parameters associated with this technique took place during the summer of 1990. Microbiological assays for numbers of heterotrophic and oil-degrading microbes and their hydrocarbon mineralization potentials were performed in support of this program. Fertilizer addition resulted in higher hexadecane and phenanthrene mineralization potentials on treated plots than on untreated reference plots. Microbial numbers in treated and reference surface sediments were not significantly different immediately after the first nutrient application in May 1990. However, subsurface sediments from treated plots had higher numbers of hydrocarbon degraders than did reference sediments shortly after treatment. The second application of fertilizer, later in summer, resulted in surface and subsurface increases in numbers of hydrocarbon degraders with respect to reference sediments at two of the three study sites. Elevated mineralization potentials, coupled with increased numbers of hydrocarbon degraders, indicated that natural hydrocarbon biodegradation was enhanced. However, these microbiological measurements alone are not sufficient to determine in situ rates of crude oil biodegradation. C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP LINDSTROM, JE (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,CTR WATER RES,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. RI Grossman, Matthew/K-3357-2012 NR 9 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2514 EP 2522 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900012 PM 1662935 ER PT J AU MARTHI, B SHAFFER, BT LIGHTHART, B GANIO, L AF MARTHI, B SHAFFER, BT LIGHTHART, B GANIO, L TI RESUSCITATION EFFECTS OF CATALASE ON AIRBORNE BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENUMERATION; OSMOREGULATION AB Catalase incorporation into enumeration media caused a significant increase (> 63%) in the colony-forming abilities of airborne bacteria. Incubation for 30 to 60 min of airborne bacteria in collection fluid containing catalase caused a > 95% increase in colony-forming ability. However, catalase did not have any effects on enumeration at high relative humidities (80 to 90%). C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2775 EP 2776 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GF769 UT WOS:A1991GF76900057 PM 1768152 ER PT J AU SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL WILSON, KN AF SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL WILSON, KN TI TERATOGENESIS, TOXICITY, AND BIOCONCENTRATION IN FROGS EXPOSED TO DIELDRIN SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALDRIN-TRANSDIOL; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; EMBRYOS; INSECTICIDES; TADPOLES AB Teratogenesis, acute and chronic toxicity, growth and bioconcentration were investigated in various life stages (embroys, tadpoles, juveniles, adults) of the frogs Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) and Rana pipiens (leopard frog) exposed to aqueous dieldrin in static-renewal and flow-through systems in a study on the development of wildlife-based water quality criteria. R. catesbeiana was the most sensitive tadpole in acute tests; X. laevis was the most sensitive in embryo-larval and chronic tadpole tests. Tadpole 96-h LC50s ranged from 40.4 to 49.5-mu-g/L dieldrin for X. laevis, from 8.7 to 30.3-mu-g/L for R. catesbeiana and was 71.3-mu-g/L for R. pipiens. The 24-day LC50 for X. laevis tadpoles was 5.5-mu-g/L dieldrin; the 28-day LC50 for R. pipiens tadpoles was 8.3-mu-g/L. Adult R. pipiens had a 28-day LC50 of 53.4-mu-g/L dieldrin. Gross spinal deformities in embryo-larval tests were observed at dieldrin concentrations as low as 1.3-mu-g/L after 10-days exposure to X. laevis and at 25.4-mu-g/L for a 21-day exposure to R. catesbeiana. Mean X. laevis 14 to 21-day LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) and NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values for embryo-larval tests (25.5 and 11.0-mu-g/L dieldrin, respectively) were virtually the same as the 21-day single test values obtained for R. catesbeiana (25.1 and 11.0-mu-g/L dieldrin). Mean 14 to 24-day X. laevis LOAEL and NOAEL values for tadpole chronic tests (1.6 and < 1.4-mu-g/L dieldrin, respectively) were lower than the 28-day single test values obtained for R. pipiens (4.1 and 1.9-mu-g/L, respectively). Tissue dieldrin levels at the LC50, LOAEL and NOAEL in the tadpole acute tests were fairly similar between X. laevis (11, 24 and 7-mu-g/g, respectively) and R. catesbeiana (means of 8.6, 12.0 and 1.2-mu-g/g, respectively). In the tadpole chronic tests, dieldrin tissue concentrations were even closer for these parameters for X. laevis (1.8, 1.5 and 0.8-mu-g/g, respectively) and R. pipiens (1.7, 0.6 and 0.4-mu-g/g, respectively). Mean steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCF) for tadpoles (whole body) ranged from 430 for X. laevis, and from 540 to 1,130 for R. pipiens. Mean steady-state BCFs for adult R. pipiens skin, muscle and liver ranged from 40 to 310. The relative similarity of response to dieldrin between X. laevis and the two ranid species in this study demonstrates its usefulness in assessing potential environmental hazards. The current dieldrin water quality criterion of 0.0019-mu-g/L appears protective of frogs. RP SCHUYTEMA, GS (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 44 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 332 EP 350 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GF258 UT WOS:A1991GF25800002 PM 1953024 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J OTTO, D AF SCHWARTZ, J OTTO, D TI LEAD AND MINOR HEARING IMPAIRMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB We examined data recorded for 3 545 subjects aged 6-19 y who participated in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Survey. We sought to confirm a relationship between blood lead levels and elevated hearing thresholds that we previously reported in a similar study in which data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Lead was associated with an increased risk of hearing thresholds that were elevated above the standard reference level at all four frequencies (i.e., 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, and 4 000 Hz). Lead was also associated with hearing thresholds when they were treated as a continuous outcome. The relationships appeared to continue at blood lead levels less than 10-mu-g/dl. An increase in blood lead, from 6-mu-g/dl to 18-mu-g/dl, was associated with a 2-dB loss in hearing at all frequencies, and an additional 15% of children had hearing thresholds that were below the standard at 2 000 Hz. C1 HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,PM221,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 19 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GP058 UT WOS:A1991GP05800006 PM 1953038 ER PT J AU WALKER, JM AF WALKER, JM TI FUNDAMENTALS OF ODOR CONTROL SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP WALKER, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD SEP PY 1991 VL 32 IS 9 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA GG695 UT WOS:A1991GG69500013 ER PT J AU HARTIG, PC CARDON, MC KAWANISHI, CY AF HARTIG, PC CARDON, MC KAWANISHI, CY TI GENERATION OF RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS VIA LIPOSOME-MEDIATED TRANSFECTION SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; DNA AB Baculovirus expression vectors have become a popular method of producing recombinant proteins. Production of recombinant virus requires the transfection of both the native viral DNA and a transfer plasmid into insect cells where recombination takes place. While several methods of transfecting insect cells exist, we have found liposome-mediated transfection to be highly efficient. Here we detail the protocols and medium needed for efficient, simple transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HARTIG, PC (reprint author), NSI ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 310 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GE779 UT WOS:A1991GE77900003 PM 1931027 ER PT J AU DOYLE, JD SHORT, KA STOTZKY, G KING, RJ SEIDLER, RJ OLSEN, RH AF DOYLE, JD SHORT, KA STOTZKY, G KING, RJ SEIDLER, RJ OLSEN, RH TI ECOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OF PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA PPO301(PRO103), GENETICALLY ENGINEERED TO DEGRADE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE, ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS AND PROCESSES IN SOIL SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; SOIL; ECOLOGY; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; DNA PROBE; R-FACTOR; BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENT; WATER; GENE AB Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, affected microbial populations and processes in a nonsterile xeric soil. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (500-mu-g/g soil) and inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide was retarded for approximately 35 days; there was a transient increase in dehydrogenase activity; and the number of fungal propagules decreased below detection after 18 days. In unamended soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide and the dehydrogenase activity were unaffected, and the numbers of fungal propagules were reduced by about two orders of magnitude. The numbers of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria were reduced transiently in soil either amended or unamended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). The activities of arylsulfatases and phosphatases in soil were not affected by the presence of PPO301(pRO103), either in the presence or absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with the parental strain (PPO301) or not inoculated, the evolution of carbon dioxide, the numbers of fungal propagules and of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria, and the dehydrogenase activity were not affected as in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). These results demonstrated that a genetically engineered microorganism, in the presence of the substrate on which its novel genes can function, is capable of inducing measurable ecological effects in soil. C1 US EPA,NATL RES COUNCIL,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NYU,DEPT BIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10003. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP DOYLE, JD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 9 BP 682 EP 691 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA GJ957 UT WOS:A1991GJ95700005 PM 1954581 ER PT J AU WALTER, MV PORTEOUS, LA FIELAND, VP SEIDLER, RJ ARMSTRONG, JL AF WALTER, MV PORTEOUS, LA FIELAND, VP SEIDLER, RJ ARMSTRONG, JL TI FORMATION OF TRANSCONJUGANTS ON PLATING MEDIA FOLLOWING INSITU CONJUGATION EXPERIMENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSCONJUGANTS; INSITU CONJUGATION; GENE EXCHANGE IN SOIL; PLATE MATINGS ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NALIDIXIC ACID; R-FACTORS; WATER AB Conjugation on agar plates following mating trials can cause transconjugant numbers to be overestimated. Numbers of transconjugants detected after incubating donors and recipients together were compared with those observed when donors and recipients were incubated separately and then mixed immediately prior to plating on selective agar. Mating comparisons were conducted using broth, a soil slurry, and nonsterile soil. Nalidixic acid was added to selective agar plates to investigate its use as an inhibitor of plate mating. The number of transconjugants from broth matings did not significantly differ from the number of transconjugants produced by plate mating on selective media lacking nalidixic acid. Addition of nalidixic acid to selective media reduced the number of transconjugants from broth matings by 10-fold and the number of transconjugants from plate mating after incubation in broth by 100-fold. The number of transconjugants detected from mating experiments in soil slurries was significantly greater than the corresponding plate matings (p = 0.0073). Furthermore, the addition of nalidixic acid to selective agar eliminated all plate matings. In nonsterile soil matings, transconjugants were detected immediately after the inoculation of donors and recipients into soil only when nalidixic acid was absent from the medium. RP WALTER, MV (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB CORVALLIS,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 9 BP 703 EP 707 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA GJ957 UT WOS:A1991GJ95700008 ER PT J AU DONEGAN, K SEIDLER, R MATYAC, C AF DONEGAN, K SEIDLER, R MATYAC, C TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF RELEASED MICROORGANISMS AT FIELD SITES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DECONTAMINATION; RISK CONTROL; FIELD RELEASE; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS ID SYRINGAE PV TOMATO; BACTERIAL SPECK; CAUSAL AGENT; SOIL; STERILIZATION; POPULATIONS; STRAINS; TILLAGE; DISEASE; PEPPER AB An important consideration in the environmental release of a genetically engineered microorganism is the capability for reduction or elimination of microorganism populations once their function is completed or if adverse environmental effects are observed. In this study the decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tilling, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria released on the phylloplane. Field plots of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sprayed with the bacterium Erwinia herbicola, received the following treatments: control; control + till; burn; burn + till; Kocide (cupric hydroxide); Kocide + till; Agri-Strep (streptomycin sulfate); and Agri-Strep + till. Leaves and soil from the plots were sampled -1, 1, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19, and 27 days after application of the decontamination treatments. Burning produced a significant reduction in the number of E. herbicola, whereas tilling, alone or in combination with the biocide treatments, stimulated a significant increase in E. herbicola populations, which persisted for several weeks. The individual treatments of the biocides, Kocide and Agri-Strep, produced a rate of decline in E. herbicola populations that did not significantly differ from that of the control treatment. RP DONEGAN, K (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 37 IS 9 BP 708 EP 712 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA GJ957 UT WOS:A1991GJ95700009 PM 1954582 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, G PADGETT, W NESNOW, S AF AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, G PADGETT, W NESNOW, S TI SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL FLUORINATED BENZO[A]PYRENE - 4,5-DIFLUOROBENZO[A]PYRENE SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXIDIZED METABOLITES; ORGANIC HALIDES; MOUSE SKIN; DNA; 9-HYDROXYBENZO(A)PYRENE; 5-METHYLCHRYSENE; TUMORIGENICITY AB The synthesis of 4,5-difluorobenzo[a]pyrene, as a fluorinated probe to investigate the involvement of the K-region in the further metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites, is described. Benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-dione obtained from 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone oxidation of cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was fluorinated with dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride to give 4H,5H,4,4,5,5,-tetrafluorobenzo[a]pyrene. Defluorination using lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran gave 4,5,-difluorobenzo[a]pyrene. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD SEP PY 1991 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1647 EP 1650 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.9.1647 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GG045 UT WOS:A1991GG04500019 PM 1893523 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE KOHAN, MJ GEORGE, MH LEWTAS, J AF GALLAGHER, JE KOHAN, MJ GEORGE, MH LEWTAS, J TI IMPROVEMENT IN THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SELECTIVE FORMATION AND COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF NITRATED-PAH-DERIVED ADDUCTS ARISING FROM DIESEL PARTICLE EXTRACTS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DIOL-EPOXIDE-DNA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; 1-NITROPYRENE; TISSUES; BINDING; INVIVO; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE AB Two versions of the P-32-postlabeling assay (nuclease P1 and butanol extraction) enhance the detection limit of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-modified DNA. Previously published studies suggest that DNA adducts derived from N-substituted aryl compounds are poorly recovered in the nuclease P1 version. In this study, both versions were employed to ascertain whether the apparent differences in sensitivity could be used to select diagnostically for nitroaromatic-DNA adducts derived by treating calf thymus DNA with organic extracts isolated from four diesel and one gasoline vehicle emission particles. We enhanced the formation of nitrated-PAH-derived adducts through xanthine oxidase (XO)-catalyzed nitroreduction of nitrated-PAHs, constituents previously detected in the diesel emissions. Chromatographic mobilities of the XO-derived DNA adducts were compared to adducts detected in calf thymus DNA resulting from rat liver S9-mediated metabolism. All four diesel organic extracts treated with XO resulted in the formation of one major DNA adduct, chromatographically distinct from the multiple DNA adducts detected in the rat liver S9-treated incubations. This adduct was detectable with the butanol extraction but not the nuclease P1 version of the P-32-postlabeling assay and was chromatographically similar to DNA adducts formed following XO nitroreduction of 1-nitropyrene or ascorbic acid treatment of 1-nitro-8-nitrosopyrene and 1-nitro-6-nitrosopyrene. In contrast, when S9 activation was used, multiple DNA adducts were detected along a diagonal zone of radioactivity and were radioactively labeled with equivalent efficiency irrespective of the assay version employed. The in vitro calf thymus DNA model described in this study enhances the diagnostic potential of the P-32-postlabeling assay through the selective formation of nuclease P1-sensitive N-substituted aryl-derived DNA adducts. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TEST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GALLAGHER, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD SEP PY 1991 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1685 EP 1691 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.9.1685 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GG045 UT WOS:A1991GG04500025 PM 1893529 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, R HETZLER, BE CREASON, JP DYER, RS AF JANSSEN, R HETZLER, BE CREASON, JP DYER, RS TI DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF HYPOTHERMIA AND PENTOBARBITAL ON BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED-RESPONSES SO ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSE; HYPOTHERMIA; PENTOBARBITAL; TEMPERATURE ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANE-PROPERTIES; DEEP HYPOTHERMIA; POTENTIALS; RAT; LATENCY; NERVE; CAT; HUMANS; MOUSE AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of hypothermia and pentobarbital anesthesia, alone and in combination, on the brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) of rats. In experiment I, unanesthetized rats were cooled to colonic temperatures 0.5 and 1.0-degrees-C below normal. In experiment II, 2 groups of rats were cooled and tested at 37.5, 36.0, 34.5 and 31.5-degrees-C. One group was anesthetized during testing and the other group was awake. The rat BAER was sensitive to cooling of 1-degrees-C or less. Peak latencies were prolonged and peak-to-peak amplitudes were increased by hypothermia alone. The effect on amplitude may be related to the time course of temperature change or to stimulus level. Pentobarbital significantly affected both latencies and amplitudes over and above the effects of cooling. The specific effects of pentobarbital differed by BAER peak and by temperature. The findings point up the importance of the potential confound of anesthetic drugs in most of the evoked potential literature on hypothermia and, for the first time, quantify the complex interactions between pentobarbital and temperature which affect the BAER wave form. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES & REGULATORY SUPPORT,BIOSTAT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. LAWRENCE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,APPLETON,WI 54912. RP JANSSEN, R (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD 74B,NEUROPHYSIOL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0013-4694 J9 ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO JI Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 80 IS 5 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90090-K PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GH493 UT WOS:A1991GH49300012 PM 1716567 ER PT J AU WOLFE, DA MONAHAN, R STACEY, PE FARROW, DRG AF WOLFE, DA MONAHAN, R STACEY, PE FARROW, DRG TI ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY OF LONG-ISLAND SOUND - ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID TRACE-METALS; RIVER AB Estimated pollutant loadings to Long Island Sound (LIS) are presented and discussed in the context of current information on population trends and land-use characteristics within the drainage basin of the sound. For the conventional pollutants (BOD, N, and P) and for most of the metals examined, the fluxes to LIS from wastewater treatment plants approach or exceed the fluxes from riverine sources. Urban runoff is a significant source for only a few contaminants, such as lead and petroleum hydrocarbons. Atmospheric flux estimates made for other areas are extrapolated to LIS, and this source appears to be significant for lead, zinc, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated pesticides. Continued population growth is projected through 2010, both in the urban centers of the western sound and in the coastal counties surrounding the central and eastern portions of LIS. This growth will place increased pollution pressure on the sound and increased demands on already scarce coastal and estuarine land-use categories. Close interaction between environmental planners, managers, and scientists is required to identify effective control strategies for reducing existing pollutant stress to the sound and for minimizing the effects of future development. C1 US EPA,BOSTON,MA 02203. CONNECTICUT DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,HARTFORD,CT 06106. RP WOLFE, DA (reprint author), NOAA,DIV OCEAN ASSESSMENTS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.2307/1351658 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GH341 UT WOS:A1991GH34100002 ER PT J AU LIU, KH ENFIELD, CG MRAVIK, SC AF LIU, KH ENFIELD, CG MRAVIK, SC TI EVALUATION OF SORPTION MODELS IN THE SIMULATION OF NAPHTHALENE TRANSPORT THROUGH SATURATED SOILS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MASS-TRANSFER; EQUILIBRIUM; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION AB To show the effect of sorption model selection, the one-dimensional transport of naphthalene in two saturated porous media was simulated using numerical models, which included the processes of dispersion, advection, and sorption. Three different models describing the sorption process: (1) a local equilibrium model, (2) a first-order kinetic sorption model, and (3) a two-site model (a combination of equilibrium and kinetic sorption model), were examined. In addition, this study considered two types of boundary conditions: constant concentration and constant flux boundary conditions. Simulations were made for data of naphthalene transport through a laboratory soil column packed with Lincoln or Eustis soil series. Numerical simulation results show that the selection of the sorption model had significant effects on the numerical solutions. The numerical solution obtained using either the local equilibrium model or the first-order kinetic sorption model described the experimental data very well from the Lincoln soil column. In contrast, the numerical solution obtained using the two-site model described the experimental data for the Eustis soil better than either the equilibrium or kinetic models. Different boundary conditions had little influence on the numerical solutions. Different amounts of organic carbon in the Eustis (0.66%) and Lincoln (0.036%) soils are thought to cause the differences in breakthrough curves and the response to the sorption processes. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP LIU, KH (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00560.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA GD509 UT WOS:A1991GD50900007 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DH DELFINO, JJ AF THOMAS, DH DELFINO, JJ TI A GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHEMICAL INDICATOR APPROACH TO ASSESSING GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION BY PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The water-soluble fractions of unleaded gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel were evaluated by U.S. EPA Methods 602, 610, and 625. Several chemical indicator compounds useful in assessing petroleum contamination of ground water, including benzene, substituted benzenes, n-alkanes, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, were identified. These were applied to the interpretation of data collected from monitoring wells at gasoline service stations that were undergoing ground water remediation. The chemical indicators are used to identify the likely type(s) of petroleum contamination. Certain hydrocarbons may be unique to specific fuel types. Gas chromatograms of field sample extracts were compared with chromatograms of laboratory water-soluble fractions (WSFs) and neat fuels (unleaded gasoline, kerosene, and diesel). In some situations, field samples represented water-soluble fractions of the contaminating fuel. In others, a fuel-water agglomeration was indicated, with the chromatograms showing peaks that represented components of both the WSFs and the neat fuels. The use of both gas chromatography pattern identification and chemical indicators appears to be a viable approach to assessing ground water contamination caused by petroleum products. RP THOMAS, DH (reprint author), US EPA,DIV WATER MANAGEMENT,REG 8,DENVER PL,999 18TH ST,STE 500,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1991.tb00398.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA GL553 UT WOS:A1991GL55300005 ER PT J AU BROWN, JR MYERS, VB HARTWELL, SW AF BROWN, JR MYERS, VB HARTWELL, SW TI THE OCCURRENCE OF APPENDIX-IX ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS IN DISPOSAL SITE GROUND-WATER - DISCUSSION SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Letter RP BROWN, JR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE O5341,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1991.tb00406.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA GL553 UT WOS:A1991GL55300013 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI MINIMIZATION OF COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS - REGULATORY FRAMEWORK SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Incineration has been adopted as a proven technology to dispose of: (1) hazardous waste regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); (2) toxic substances under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); (3) sludge waste under the Clean Water Act; (4) hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA); and (5) extremely hazardous substances under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Although there are many potential treatment technologies, none is as universally applicable as incineration to the treatment of the types of solid waste governed by the different Federal laws in the United States. However, there is an increasing concern over the emission of trace amounts of unknown combustion by-products from incineration sources. This Paper is to address the issue of combustion by-products (CBPs) from the following major solid waste thermal treatment activities: (1) hazardous waste incineration; (2) municipal waste incineration; (3) medical waste incineration; (4) Superfund waste incineration; (5) toxic substances incineration; and (6) sludge waste incineration. To address the CBP issue from its roots, this Paper will discuss its regulatory framework that exists in the United States. RP LEE, CC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 367 EP 382 DI 10.1089/hwm.1991.8.367 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV607 UT WOS:A1991GV60700007 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF TI ANALYSIS OF CLASSES OF COMPOUND OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN .1. NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; FUSED SILICA OPEN TUBULAR COLUMN; DUAL-COLUMN DUAL-DETECTOR GC SYSTEM AB Thirty five nitroaromatic compounds (currently listed in EPA Method 8091) and 1,4-naphthoquinone have been separated on DB-5-DB-1701 and SPB-5-SPB-1701 column pairs, which were in each case connected to an inlet splitter and separate electron capture detectors. Retention times are included for 21 additional compounds evaluated for their suitability as internal standards and/or surrogate compounds for incorporation into Method 8091. Method reproducibility and linearity are discussed, and results are presented for extracts of two real samples spiked with the 35 nitroaromatic compounds and 1,4-naphthoquinone and analyzed using the dual-column-dual-detector arrangement. C1 MID PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89109. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 9 BP 601 EP 607 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GL716 UT WOS:A1991GL71600008 ER PT J AU KETTERER, ME PETERS, MJ TISDALE, PJ AF KETTERER, ME PETERS, MJ TISDALE, PJ TI VERIFICATION OF A CORRECTION PROCEDURE FOR MEASUREMENT OF LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE LEAD ISOTOPE RATIO DETERMINATION; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; THALLIUM BASED MASS DISCRIMINATION CORRECTION; REFERENCE MATERIAL ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES ANALYSIS ID ION-SOURCE; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a suitable method for determining Pb isotope ratios. This study investigates the effectiveness of a mass discrimination correction technique, which is based upon the addition of Tl to the sample and measurement of the Tl-205:Tl-203 ratio. The Tl correction method has been found to be highly effective for minimizing bias and drift in Pb isotope ratios under a variety of operating and sample matrix conditions, and for various samples independently analysed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Biases for ratios with respect to Pb-204 are generally controlled at < 0.5% and relative standard deviations of 0.2% are attainable. Results using ICP-MS for environmental samples compare favourably with those obtained by TIMS. This correction technique is suitable for routine analysis of environmental samples. C1 ICF KAISER ENGINEERS,LAKEWOOD,CO 80228. RP KETTERER, ME (reprint author), US EPA,NATL ENFORCEMENT INVEST CTR,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25227,BLDG 53,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 6 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1039/ja9910600439 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GK263 UT WOS:A1991GK26300007 ER PT J AU KESLER, DH MUNNS, WR AF KESLER, DH MUNNS, WR TI DIEL FEEDING BY ADULT RED-SPOTTED NEWTS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF SUNFISH SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS; SALAMANDERS; PREDATION; LAKE; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; FISH; POND AB The feeding behavior of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque) was observed in a divided pond having sections with and without fish. Newt feeding periodicity patterns over three 24-hour periods, in three consecutive years, did not show any influence of fish. The highest number of food items per newt was observed between 0400 and 0600 hours. Declines in numbers of food items in newt gut contents from these maxima were similar to that seen when newts were held without food. C1 US EPA, SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, ENVIRONM RES LAB, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP KESLER, DH (reprint author), RHODES COLL, DEPT BIOL, 2000 N PKWY, MEMPHIS, TN 38112 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665303 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GN009 UT WOS:A1991GN00900005 ER PT J AU KAMPBELL, DH WILSON, JT AF KAMPBELL, DH WILSON, JT TI BIOVENTING TO TREAT FUEL SPILLS FROM UNDERGROUND-STORAGE TANKS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER : BIOREMEDIATION, FUNDAMENTALS AND EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS CY FEB 21-22, 1991 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB Bioventilation is a procedure to cleanse soil gas of volatile fuel hydrocarbons originating from storage tank leaks. The rate of vapor degradation is a controlling parameter in the design of a bioventing system. A laboratory microcosm procedure using sandy soil from an aviation gasoline spill site was used to measure relative kinetics of some fuel vapors. RP KAMPBELL, DH (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(91)87007-O PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM766 UT WOS:A1991GM76600007 ER PT J AU PRITCHARD, PH AF PRITCHARD, PH TI BIOREMEDIATION AS A TECHNOLOGY - EXPERIENCES WITH THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER : BIOREMEDIATION, FUNDAMENTALS AND EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS CY FEB 21-22, 1991 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB The results from our oil spill bioremediation project have demonstrated convincingly that fertilizers can be applied to oiled beaches to overcome nutrient limitations, thereby enhancing biodegradation of the oil. In Prince William Sound, the natural biodegradation rate of oil on the beaches was found to be quite high, primarily because of small concentrations of ammonia and phosphate in seawater that are introduced into the beach material with each tide. However, the addition of fertilizers was capable of increasing this biodegradation as much as two to three fold above background activity. In addition, the extent of enhanced degradation was such that beaches became visually cleaner and aesthetically improved. RP PRITCHARD, PH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1250 TALL PINE TERRACE,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(91)87011-P PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM766 UT WOS:A1991GM76600011 ER PT J AU VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR NISAMANEEPONG, W GOVIND, R PRADHAN, S SIDDIQUE, B AF VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR NISAMANEEPONG, W GOVIND, R PRADHAN, S SIDDIQUE, B TI SCREENING OF COMMERCIAL INOCULA FOR EFFICACY IN STIMULATING OIL BIODEGRADATION IN CLOSED LABORATORY SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER : BIOREMEDIATION, FUNDAMENTALS AND EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS CY FEB 21-22, 1991 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB In February, 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a public solicitation for proposals to the bioremediation industry on testing the efficacy of commercial microbial products for enhancing degradation of weathered Alaskan crude oil. The Agency commissioned the National Environmental Technology Applications Corporation (NETAC), a non-profit corporation dedicated to the commercialization of environmental technologies, to convene a panel of experts to review the proposals and choose those that offered the most promise for success in the field. Forty proposals were submitted, and 11 were selected for the first phase of a two-tiered testing protocol (only 10 were tested because one company did not participate). The laboratory testing consisted of electrolytic respirometers set up to measure oxygen uptake over time and shake flasks to measure oil degradation and microbial growth. If one or more products were found effective, the second tier would take place, consisting of small field plots on an actual contaminated beach in Prince William Sound in the summer of 1990. This paper discusses the first respirometric evaluations. RP VENOSA, AD (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(91)87012-Q PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM766 UT WOS:A1991GM76600012 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, SK VANDENBERG, JJ AF JACOBSON, SK VANDENBERG, JJ TI REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF THE ENDANGERED GOLDEN TOAD (BUFO-PERIGLENES) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE BODY SIZE; SEXUAL SELECTION; AMERICAN TOADS; MATING SUCCESS; BEHAVIOR; WOODHOUSEI; CHOICE AB In the Cordillera de Tilaran, Costa Rica, golden toads breed explosively with the onset of heavy rains from March to June. During the 1977 and 1982 seasons, males outnumbered females by more than 8 to 1 at breeding pools. Single males attacked pairs in amplexus twice as often as they attacked individual males, yet no amplectant males were displaced. Male body size was not correlated with mating success; however, size assortative mating occurred in 1977. Life history characteristics, such as small clutch size (xBAR = 228 eggs) and large egg size (xBAR = 3.0 mm), are similar to B. holdridgei, another tropical montane toad. Yearly breeding activity had been observed in B. periglenes since at least 1977 until cessation during 1988-1990. Their limited distribution and relatively slow rate to reach maturity exacerbate their apparent recent population decline. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JACOBSON, SK (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,PROGRAM STUDIES TROP CONSERVAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.2307/1564591 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GD953 UT WOS:A1991GD95300010 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP BRINTON, RE MCEWEN, BS AF OCALLAGHAN, JP BRINTON, RE MCEWEN, BS TI GLUCOCORTICOIDS REGULATE THE SYNTHESIS OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS BUT DO NOT AFFECT ITS EXPRESSION FOLLOWING BRAIN INJURY SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLUCOCORTICOIDS; ADRENALECTOMY; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; ASTROCYTES; NEUROTOXICITY; BRAIN INJURY ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Short (5 days)- to long-term (4 months) corticosterone (CORT) administration by injection, pellet implantation, or in the drinking water decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by 20-40% in hippocampus and cortex of intact rats. In contrast to CORT, adrenalectomy (ADX) caused elevations (50-125%) in hippocampus and cortex GFAP within 12 days of surgery that persisted for at least 4 months. CORT replacement of ADX rats decreased GFAP amount in hippocampus and cortex. The effects of long-term CORT and ADX on GFAP in hippocampus and cortex were also seen in striatum, midbrain, and cerebellum, findings suggestive of brain-wide adrenal steroid regulation of this astrocyte protein. The changes in GFAP amount due to CORT and ADX were paralleled by changes in GFAP mRNA, indicating a possible transcriptional or at least genomic effect of adrenal steroids. Glucocorticoid regulation of GFAP was relatively specific; it could not be generalized to other astrocyte proteins or other major structural proteins of neurons. The negative regulation of GFAP and GFAP mRNA by adrenal steroids suggested that increases in GFAP that result from brain injury may be attenuated by glucocorticoids. However, chronic CORT treatment of intact rats did not reverse or reduce the large increases in GFAP caused by trauma- or toxicant-induced brain damage. Thus, glucocorticoids and injury appear to regulate the expression of GFAP through different mechanisms. In contrast to the lack of effects of CORT on brain damage-induced increases in GFAP, CORT treatment begun in 2-week ADX rats, after an increase in GFAP had time to occur, did reverse the ADX-induced increase in GFAP. These results suggest that the increase in GFAP resulting from ADX is not mediated through an injury-linked mechanism. C1 ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEUROENDOCRINOL LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 59 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 860 EP 869 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08230.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GA379 UT WOS:A1991GA37900018 PM 1677678 ER PT J AU JOHANNESSEN, JN SOBOTKA, TJ WEISE, VK MARKEY, SP AF JOHANNESSEN, JN SOBOTKA, TJ WEISE, VK MARKEY, SP TI PROLONGED ALTERATIONS IN CANINE STRIATAL DOPAMINE METABOLISM FOLLOWING SUBTOXIC DOSES OF 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) AND 4'-AMINO-MPTP ARE LINKED TO THE PERSISTENCE OF PYRIDINIUM METABOLITES SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM; PARKINSONISM; DOPAMINE; DOG; DOSE RESPONSE ID BRAIN MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NEUROTOXIC METABOLITE; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM; INHIBITION; ANALOGS; N-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM; TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE; MITOCHONDRIA AB Single toxic doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).HCl (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and 4'-amino-MPTP.2HCl (22.5 mg/kg) induce loss of striatal dopamine (DA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and of nigral DA neurons in the dog. To examine the subacute neurochemical changes induced by low doses of MPTP and 4'-amino-MPTP, dose-response studies of these compounds were carried out in the dog, using 6- and 3-week survival times for these two compounds, respectively. Low single doses of MPTP (1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/kg i.v.) and 4'-amino-MPTP (15, 7.5, and 3.75 mg/kg i.v.) did not cause depletion of canine striatal DA or TH or a loss of nigral neurons. However, levels of the DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were decreased in a dose-related fashion, with significant loss of DOPAC being evident 6 weeks after the lowest administered dose of MPTP and 3 weeks after 4'-amino-MPTP. This selective loss of DA metabolites following nontoxic doses of MPTP and 4'-amino-MPTP led to a shift in the ratio of DA to DOPAC or HVA, which was characteristic for each compound. The measurement of striatal 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 4'-amino-MPP+ levels revealed that high concentrations (up to 150-mu-M) persist in the striatum for weeks following administration of a single nontoxic dose of MPTP or 4'-amino-MPTP. A causal relationship between the striatal concentration of MPP+ or 4'-amino-MPP+ and the change in DA metabolism as relected in the DA/DOPAC ratio is suggested by a significant correlation between these measures. It is suggested that presynaptic sequestration and retention of MPP+ and 4'-amino-MPP+ by striatal DA terminals result in the inhibition of the monoamine oxidase contained within these terminals. C1 NINCDS,NEURAL REGENERAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP JOHANNESSEN, JN (reprint author), NIMH,CLIN SCI LAB,BLDG 10,ROOM 3D-40,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 981 EP 990 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GA379 UT WOS:A1991GA37900035 PM 1677682 ER PT J AU OMERNIK, JM GRIFFITH, GE AF OMERNIK, JM GRIFFITH, GE TI ECOLOGICAL REGIONS VERSUS HYDROLOGIC UNITS - FRAMEWORKS FOR MANAGING WATER-QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID ECOREGIONS; POLLUTION; MAP C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP OMERNIK, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 334 EP 340 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ343 UT WOS:A1991GJ34300008 ER PT J AU MCCURDY, T ATHERTON, R AF MCCURDY, T ATHERTON, R TI ANNUAL AND MULTIYEAR VARIABILITY IN OZONE EXPECTED EXCEEDANCES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Ozone data from 184 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the time period 1979-1989 were analyzed to: (1) put the large number of O3 exceedances observed in 1988 into perspective, and (2) determine if increasing the averaging time used to calculate the O3 NAAQS violation rate would significantly decrease the number of MSAs that experienced a change in their annual attainment status. The analyses indicate that 1988 had more exceedances in more MSAs than any other year, but 1979-1981 had more O3 NAAQS violations. The analyses also indicate that perceived attainment status flip-flops are significantly reduced by increasing the averaging period from the current three-year period to a longer time period. RP MCCURDY, T (reprint author), US EPA,DIV AIR QUAL MANAGEMENT,AMBIENT STAND BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1189 EP 1194 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GF825 UT WOS:A1991GF82500010 ER PT J AU POLLACK, AJ HOLDREN, MW MCCLENNY, WA AF POLLACK, AJ HOLDREN, MW MCCLENNY, WA TI MULTI-ADSORBENT PRECONCENTRATION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TOXICS WITH AN AUTOMATED COLLECTION ANALYTICAL SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP POLLACK, AJ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,HLTH & ENVIRONM GRP,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1213 EP 1217 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GF825 UT WOS:A1991GF82500014 ER PT J AU KOKKINOS, A CICHANOWICZ, JE HALL, RE SEDMAN, CB AF KOKKINOS, A CICHANOWICZ, JE HALL, RE SEDMAN, CB TI STATIONARY COMBUSTION NOX CONTROL - A SUMMARY OF THE 1991 SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The 1991 Symposium on Stationary Combustion NO(x) Control was held March 25-28, 1991 in Washington, DC. The sixth meeting in a biennial series, the Symposium was cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Approximately 500 individuals attended representing 53 domestic and 13 foreign utility companies, federal and state government agencies, research and development organizations, and equipment vendors from the United States and abroad. Sixty-six presentations were made. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KOKKINOS, A (reprint author), ELECT POWER RES INST,DIV GENERAT & STORAGE,PALO ALTO,CA 94303, USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1252 EP 1259 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GF825 UT WOS:A1991GF82500018 ER PT J AU SHEARER, TL AF SHEARER, TL TI A COMPARISON OF INSITU VITRIFICATION AND ROTARY KILN INCINERATION FOR SOILS TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In the hazardous waste community, the term "thermal destruction" is a catchall phrase that broadly refers to high temperature destruction of hazardous contaminants. Included in the thermal destruction category are treatment technologies such as rotary kiln incineration, fluidized bed incineration, infrared thermal treatment, wet air oxidation, pyrolytic incineration, and vitrification. Among them, conventional rotary kiln incineration, a disposal method for many years, is the most well established, and often serves as a barometer to gauge the relative success of similar technologies. Public sentiment on environmental issues and increasingly stringent environmental regulations has, over time, spurred design and development of innovative thermal treatment processes directed toward reducing harmful emissions and residuals that may require further treatment or disposal. In situ vitrification (ISV), a technology that combines heat and immobilization, is one such innovative and relatively new technology. This paper presents a comparison of ISV and rotary kiln incineration for soils treatment in the areas of process performance, process residuals, process limitations, applicable or relevant and appropriate (ARARs) regulations, criteria and limitations, and costs. RP SHEARER, TL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1264 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GF825 UT WOS:A1991GF82500019 PM 1756041 ER PT J AU THRUSTON, AD RICHARDSON, SD MCGUIRE, JM COLLETTE, TW TRUSTY, CD AF THRUSTON, AD RICHARDSON, SD MCGUIRE, JM COLLETTE, TW TRUSTY, CD TI MULTISPECTRAL IDENTIFICATION OF ALKYL AND CHLOROALKYL PHOSPHATES FROM AN INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FLAME-RETARDANT; DRINKING-WATER; TRIALKYL AB Multispectral techniques (gas chromatography combined with low and high resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry, low and high resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to identify 13 alkyl and chloroalkyl phosphates in a water sample taken from the effluent of a plant that manufactures fire-retardant chemicals. Of the 13 phosphates identified, only 4 were located in library mass spectral data bases; thus, techniques other than conventional low resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry with data base matching were required. Several of the identified phosphates are commonly used fire retardants; however, three exhibited chemical structures different from those of the commercially manufactured fire retardants and the reactants used in their synthesis. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA. RP THRUSTON, AD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 2 IS 5 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(91)85008-T PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GC827 UT WOS:A1991GC82700008 PM 24242693 ER PT J AU HECHT, AD AF HECHT, AD TI INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO THE OZONE AND CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMS SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the complicated and lengthy process of solving the international problems of ozone and climate change. The ozone depletion issue has been supported by scientific evidence that CFCs could destroy the ozone layer. There was general consensus that the potential effects of ozone depletion were detrimental. In contrast, scientific evidence for climate change is more probabilistic, the environmental impacts are less understood, and the policy options are more diverse and economically far reaching. Yet there is an emerging international consensus that the prospect of climate change has sufficient general risks that international agreement on a framework convention is likely by 1992. RP HECHT, AD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF INT ACT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA GQ928 UT WOS:A1991GQ92800007 ER PT J AU SANDHU, SS DHESI, JS GILL, BS SVENDSGAARD, D AF SANDHU, SS DHESI, JS GILL, BS SVENDSGAARD, D TI EVALUATION OF 10-CHEMICALS FOR ANEUPLOIDY INDUCTION IN THE HEXAPLOID WHEAT ASSAY SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE BONE-MARROW; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; TEST SYSTEMS; CELLS; NONDISJUNCTION; CHEMICALS; DIAZEPAM; POISONS AB This study was a part of an international project sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities to evaluate the utility of certain bioassays including hexaploid wheat assay to identify potential aneugens. Ten suspect spindle poisons, i.e. colchicine (COL), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), chloral hydrate (CH), diazepam (DIZ), econazole (EZ), hydroquinone (HQ), pyrimethamine (PY), thiabendazole (TB), thimerosal (TM), and vinblastin sulphate (VBL) were tested for their ability to induce green and/or white leaf sectors as indicators of loss or gain of a chromosome respectively, in Neatby's strain of Chinese Spring wheat (2n = 6x = 42). All the chemicals tested in this study, with the exception of CH and HQ yielded positive response. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES & REGULATORY SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27707. N CAROLINA CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DURHAM,NC 27707. RP SANDHU, SS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 5 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1093/mutage/6.5.369 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GG058 UT WOS:A1991GG05800006 PM 1795640 ER PT J AU LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM AF LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM TI ENHANCED NEUROTOXICITY OF 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE FOLLOWING CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE PRETREATMENT IN THE RAT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY CONF : ROLE OF TOXICANTS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS CY OCT 01-04, 1990 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP UNION CARBIDE, US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, NIEHS, ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH, CIBA GEIGY, DUPONT CO, HASKELL LAB TOXICOL & IND MED, EASTMAN KODAK, HLTH & ENVIRONM LABS, PROCTER & GAMBLE DE IDPN; NEUROTOXICITY ENHANCEMENT; CCL4; LIVER FUNCTION; MOTOR ACTIVITY; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; AUDITORY THRESHOLDS ID SLOW AXONAL-TRANSPORT; BETA,BETA'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE IDPN; ALIPHATIC NITRILES; ACUTE TOXICITY; LONG-TERM; MICE; IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; MECHANISM AB The consequences of 3,3'-dipropionitrile (IDPN) exposure in animals merits attention both because of its unique neurotoxic effects and as a potential model compound of human dyskinetic disorders. An important question that remains to be determined is whether IDPN itself or a putative active metabolite is responsible for the neurotoxic actions of the chemical in vivo. The present work tested the hypothesis that IDPN must be metabolized by the liver to an active metabolite to become neurotoxic. Thus a reduction in IDPN neurotoxicity would be expected when liver function is compromised. Male Long-Evans rats were given ip injections of saline, 100 (IDPN1) or 200 (IDPN2) mg/kg of IDPN for three days. Half of the animals in each IDPN dose group received com oil po and the other half 1 g/kg of the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for three days, starting one day before IDPN administration. Body weights were obtained regularly after exposure. Horizontal and vertical motor activity, and acoustic startle response were monitored prior to, and 1,3,9 and 16 weeks after IDPN exposure. An observational rating score was obtained at 1, 3 and 9 weeks. Auditory thresholds for 5- and 40-kHz tones were estimated by reflex modification procedures at 10 weeks. Animals receiving IDPN2 alone displayed the overt behavioral signs characteristic of IDPN intoxication (postural disturbances, head dyskinesias, backward walking, circling, increased motor activity, and decreased startle response). They also showed weight loss, hyperactivity, a transient rearing deficit, decreased startle amplitudes and elevated auditory thresholds for low- and high-frequency tones. None of these symptoms were observed in the animals treated with CCl4 alone, and only a mild transient effect on the observational rating score was shown by the IDPN1 alone animals. In contrast, IDPN1/CCl4 resulted in the same or higher toxicity than the IDPN2 treatment. IDPN2/CCl4 resulted in severe toxicity (38% mortality over a two-week period) and enhanced body weight and behavioral effects compared to IDPN2 alone group. Impairment of xenobiotic biotransformation was confirmed by elevated pentobarbital sleeping time in animals under the same CCl4 dosing regimen. In conclusion, pretreatment with hepatotoxic dosages of CCl4 leads to increased toxicity of IDPN. This suggests that hepatic transformation of the chemical is not required for the manifestation of IDPN-induced neurotoxicity, but instead may be involved in the detoxification of this compound. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD FAL PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 583 EP 594 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GF180 UT WOS:A1991GF18000023 PM 1745441 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME AF STANTON, ME TI NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO TRIETHYLTIN DISRUPTS OLFACTORY DISCRIMINATION-LEARNING IN PREWEANLING RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; INFANT RATS; TRIETHYLTIN; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; ASSOCIATIVE CONDITIONING; EARLY LEARNING; ORGANOMETALS; MENTAL RETARDATION ID PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGE; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; TIN; BRAIN; ODOR; AVERSION; NEUROTOXICITY AB Triethyltin is an organotin compound that is known to produce neurotoxicity in both adult and developing organisms. Although this neurotoxicity has been documented with a variety of behavioral and biological measures, the effects of this compound on learning during early development have been less extensively studied. The present study reports four experiments that examined this question with an odor aversion learning paradigm in which pups received presentations of one odor paired with footshock and an alternate odor without shock. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rat pups were injected IP on postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with either 0, 3 or 5 mg/kg TET and then tested for olfactory discrimination learning on PND 18. Only the 5-mg/kg dose impaired discrimination learning. In Experiment 2, PND 5 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) disrupted olfactory learning on PND 18 but not on PND 12, whereas exposure on PND 10 disrupted learning at both ages of testing. In Experiment 3, PND 16 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) also disrupted acquisition of olfactory learning on PND 18 but had no effect on retention of an olfactory discrimination that was acquired prior to TET exposure (i.e., on PND 14 and PND 15). Unconditioned responses to footshock were also unaffected by TET (Experiment 4). These findings indicate that neonatal exposure to TET impairs associative learning in developing rats and are discussed in relation to other studies of the developmental neurotoxicity of this compound. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 5 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90059-6 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA GR686 UT WOS:A1991GR68600008 PM 1758405 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME JENSEN, KF PICKENS, CV AF STANTON, ME JENSEN, KF PICKENS, CV TI NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO TRIMETHYLTIN DISRUPTS SPATIAL DELAYED ALTERNATION LEARNING IN PREWEANLING RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; INFANT RATS; TRIMETHYLTIN; LIMBIC SYSTEM; SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY; EARLY LEARNING; ORGANOMETALS; MENTAL RETARDATION ID NEUROTOXICITY; BEHAVIOR; TOXICITY; DAMAGE; MEMORY; BRAIN AB Trimethyltin is an organotin compound that produces marked neurotoxicity in both adult and developing animals. The limbic system is a primary CNS target site for this toxicity, and a prominent behavioral effect of TMT is disruption of learning and memory. Impairment of cognitive development has also been suggested by studies showing that rats neonatally exposed to TMT cannot perform spatial working memory tasks during adulthood. However, the question of how early in ontogeny such deficits can be detected has not been addressed. The present study examined this question with a T-maze delayed alternation learning paradigm. Long-Evans rat pups, injected IP on Postnatal Day 10 (PND 10) with 6 mg/kg TMT and tested on PND 18, were unable to learn delayed alternation in the manner shown by vehicle control pups. However, TMT- and vehicle-treated groups were both able to learn a simple position discrimination. These findings indicate a selective impairment of spatial working memory by neonatal TMT exposure and show that this impairment can be demonstrated during the preweanling period in the rat. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NSI TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90060-A PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA GR686 UT WOS:A1991GR68600009 PM 1758406 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, S HOLMAN, SR AF HENDERSON, S HOLMAN, SR TI NORTHWEST EDUCATION HEATS UP - SCIENTISTS, TEACHERS, AND THE GREENHOUSE-EFFECT SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP HENDERSON, S (reprint author), MAN TECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB CORVALLIS,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD FAL-WIN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 368 EP 369 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA HU360 UT WOS:A1991HU36000027 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D BARNES, PW BROWN, D BROWN, M AF BACHELET, D BARNES, PW BROWN, D BROWN, M TI LATITUDINAL AND SEASONAL-VARIATION IN CALCULATED ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIANCE FOR RICE-GROWING REGIONS OF ASIA SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPINE LIFE ZONE; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET; EARTHS SURFACE; HIGHER-PLANTS; RADIATION; INHIBITION; GREENHOUSE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) irradiance was calculated for more than 1200 sites in Asia to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in the present UV-B climate for rice-growing regions. The analytical model of Green et al. (Photochem. Photobiol. 31, 59-65, 1980) was used to compute UV-B irradiance for clear skies using satellite-observed ozone column thickness and local elevation data. Ground-based observations of cloud cover were then used to approximate the average effect of cloud cover on UV-B irradiance using the approach of Johnson et al. (Photochem. Photobiol. 23, 179-188, 1976). Over the geographic range of rice cultivation, the maximum daily effective UV-B irradiance (UV-B(BE)), when weighted according to a general plant action spectrum, was found to vary approx. 2.5-fold under both clear and cloudy sky conditions. Under clear skies, the timing of maximum solar UV-B(BE) changed with latitude and varied from February-March near the equator to July-August at temperate locations. Cloud cover was found to alter the season of maximum UV-B(BE) in many tropical regions, due to the pronounced monsoonal climate, but had little effect on UV-B seasonality at higher latitudes. Under a climate resulting from a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, estimated UV-B using predicted cloud cover was found to change by up to 17% from present conditions in Thailand. Both latitudinal and seasonal variation in solar UV-B radiation may be important aspects of the UV-B climate for rice as cultivars differ in sensitivity to UV-B and are grown under diverse conditions and locations. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02035.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GA539 UT WOS:A1991GA53900012 ER PT J AU SZAL, GM NOLAN, PM KENNEDY, LE BARR, CP BILGER, MD AF SZAL, GM NOLAN, PM KENNEDY, LE BARR, CP BILGER, MD TI THE TOXICITY OF CHLORINATED WASTE-WATER - INSTREAM AND LABORATORY CASE-STUDIES SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Article DE AMMONIA; CHLORINE; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; EFFLUENT; SURFACE WATER; TOXICITY; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT ID AMMONIA; WATER AB Five chlorine toxicity studies were conducted at three sites of wastewater treatment plant discharges to streams. In each study, caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were placed at reference and test stations in receiving streams and monitored for survival after 24 hours. Every 2-3 hours, total residual chlorine (TRC), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature were measured in effluent and at instream stations. Composite samples (24-hour) of effluent and instream site water were also analyzed for ammonia. Static acute toxicity tests (48-hour) with P. promelas were conducted on unchlorinated effluent samples and effluent samples dosed with chlorine in the laboratory; results of these tests were compared to those of field studies. Minnow survival at test stations was adversely affected in all five field studies. The zone of acute effects ranged from < 247 m at one site to > 508 m at another site. Instream travel time to impacted stations farthest from the discharge ranged from 2 minutes to > 2 hours. Adverse effects to minnows were judged to be due to chlorination as minnow survival at reference stations was greater-than-or-equal-to 85% and unchlorinated effluents were not toxic to laboratory test organisms. The toxicity of TRC in the field studies varied substantially among sites. At one site, TRC concentrations of 0.1 mg/L or greater were associated with 100% mortality to minnows. At another site, 80% or more of the minnows tolerated TRC levels up to 0.35 mg/L. Differences in TRC toxicity may have been related to interactive effects among TRC, ammonia, and DO concentrations. Toxicity tests with chlorine-dosed effluents were inconsistent estimators of TRC effects to minnows in the field. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DIV WATER POLLUT CONTROL,TECH SERV BRANCH OFF,DEP,WESTBOROUGH,MA. US EPA,ENVIRONM SERV DIV LAB,REG I,LEXINGTON,MA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 6 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 63 IS 6 BP 910 EP 920 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GE712 UT WOS:A1991GE71200011 ER PT J AU MARNICIO, RJ HAKKINEN, PJ LUTKENHOFF, SD HERTZBERG, RC MOSKOWITZ, PD AF MARNICIO, RJ HAKKINEN, PJ LUTKENHOFF, SD HERTZBERG, RC MOSKOWITZ, PD TI RISK ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASES - REVIEW OF RISKWARE 90 CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,OFF SENIOR OFFICIAL RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,DIV PAPER TECHNOL,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. RP MARNICIO, RJ (reprint author), EBASCO ENVIRONM,5000 BRADENTON AVE,SUITE 200,DUBLIN,OH 43017, USA. RI Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016 OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 545 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00640.x PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA GJ337 UT WOS:A1991GJ33700025 ER PT J AU CLARK, RM EHRETH, DJ CONVERY, JJ AF CLARK, RM EHRETH, DJ CONVERY, JJ TI WATER LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - AN OVERVIEW OF THE SAFE DRINKING-WATER ACT SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 VERSAR INC,RES,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22151. RP CLARK, RM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300008 PM 1780886 ER PT J AU BERRY, MA AF BERRY, MA TI INDOOR AIR-QUALITY - ASSESSING HEALTH IMPACTS AND RISKS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP BERRY, MA (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300021 PM 1780857 ER PT J AU WALLACE, LA AF WALLACE, LA TI PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO 25 VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS EPAS 1987 TEAM STUDY IN LOS-ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The US EPA and the California Air Resources Board studied the exposures of 51 residents of Los Angeles, CA to 25 volatile organic chemicals in air and drinking water in February and July of 1987. Participants carried a personal air monitor consisting of a Tenax cartridge and a small sampling pump for two consecutive 12-hour periods. Concurrently, outdoor air samples were collected in the back yards and indoor air samples were collected in the kitchen and living room. Breath samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the 24-hour monitoring period using a vanmounted spirometer employing Tedlar bags followed by collection on Tenax cartridges. All analyses were by GC/MS. Air exchange measurements were made at all homes using the perfluorotracer method. For most chemicals, personal air concentrations were greater than indoor air levels, which were in turn greater than outdoor air concentrations. Breath concentrations were more stable than air exposures and were significantly correlated with previous exposure. Using the air exchange measurements, whole-house source strengths were estimated to range between approximately zero for carbon tetrachloride to 10,000-mu-g/h for para-dichlorobenzene. Ambient concentrations in February were two-three times those in July, perhaps due to strong inversions. RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 6 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300024 PM 1780860 ER PT J AU CONVERY, JJ AF CONVERY, JJ TI RECENT ADVANCES IN RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP CONVERY, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300031 PM 1780867 ER PT J AU FARLAND, WH AF FARLAND, WH TI THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP FARLAND, WH (reprint author), US EPA,RES & DEV OFF,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300035 PM 1780873 ER PT J AU LEE, SD AF LEE, SD TI MULTIMEDIA RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP LEE, SD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,OFF ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300037 PM 1780875 ER PT J AU GRANT, LD FUWA, K MEHLMAN, MA OKUBU, T SELIKOFF, IJ YAMAGUCHI, S SPENGLER, JD KODAMA, Y CONVERY, J SVEISHI, T FARLAND, WH YOKOYAMA, E SCHULLING, H KOIZUMI, A TSUCHIYA, K NELSON, N ASHFORD, N AF GRANT, LD FUWA, K MEHLMAN, MA OKUBU, T SELIKOFF, IJ YAMAGUCHI, S SPENGLER, JD KODAMA, Y CONVERY, J SVEISHI, T FARLAND, WH YOKOYAMA, E SCHULLING, H KOIZUMI, A TSUCHIYA, K NELSON, N ASHFORD, N TI SESSION-8 - FUTURE-DIRECTIONS - POLICIES AND RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACHES - CHAIRS SUMMARY SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Discussion C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,YATABE,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. MT SINAI MED SCH,NEW YORK,NY 10027. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,RES & DEV OFF,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MIT,CTR TECHNOL POLICY & IND DEV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. INST PUBL HLTH,TOKYO 108,JAPAN. UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,KITAKYUSHU,FUKUOKA 807,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 411 EP 422 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP113 UT WOS:A1991GP11300047 ER PT J AU BONNER, MJ TILSON, HA AF BONNER, MJ TILSON, HA TI COMPENSATORY ALTERATIONS IN RECEPTOR-STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS VARY AS A FUNCTION OF DOSE OF COLCHICINE SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HIPPOCAMPUS; COLCHICINE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS ID RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AB The stimulation of inositol phospholipid (PI) hydrolysis by various receptor agonists was measured in the hippocampus of rats 12 weeks after various concentrations (0.5-2.0-mu-g/site) of colchicine were infused into the dentate gyrus. Colchicine produced a dose-related decrease in the average width and length of the granule cell line; the pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus were affected only at higher concentrations of colchicine. Compensatory increases in receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PI) in hippocampal slices were seen at 100-mu-m carbachol and ibotenic acid in rats receiving 1.5-3.5-mu-g colchicine/site. Compensatory increases in norepinephrine (100-mu-m) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (100-mu-m) stimulated PI were seen at 2.5-3.5 and 3.5-mu-g colchicine/site, respectively. Compensatory increases in PI hydrolysis were not seen in slices from animals receiving 0.5-mu-g colchicine/site. These data support the hypothesis that the signal transduction system in the hippocampus undergoes a compensatory change following experimentally induced destruction of dentate gyrus granule cells. In addition, these changes occur for more than one neurotransmitter and the alterations vary as a function of the size of the lesion. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5T3Z ES-07126] NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(91)90184-8 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA GF374 UT WOS:A1991GF37400002 PM 1654603 ER PT J AU MARKWOOD, IM AF MARKWOOD, IM TI LETS NOT MISS THE BOAT THIS TIME SO WATER-ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,DIV PUBL WATER SUPPLIES,SPRINGFIELD,IL. RP MARKWOOD, IM (reprint author), ALVORD BURDICK & HOWSON ENGINEERS,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRANTON GILLETTE COMMUN INC PI DES PLAINES PA 380 NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 SN 0273-2238 J9 WATER ENG MANAG JI Water Eng. Manage. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 138 IS 9 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GG776 UT WOS:A1991GG77600002 ER PT J AU PARKER, JC COGLIANO, VJ AF PARKER, JC COGLIANO, VJ TI ISSUES IN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT - PERCHLOROETHYLENE AND VINYL-CHLORIDE EXAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 11 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001269 ER PT J AU CULLEEN, LE AF CULLEEN, LE TI NEW CHEMICAL EVALUATIONS UNDER TSCA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,NEW CHEM BRANCH TS794,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 13 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001271 ER PT J AU COGLIANO, J AF COGLIANO, J TI CASE-STUDIES OF CARCINOGENS - ENVIRONMENTAL OR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 20 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001278 ER PT J AU MOLE, ML KAVLOCK, RJ BEYER, PE OGLESBY, LA AF MOLE, ML KAVLOCK, RJ BEYER, PE OGLESBY, LA TI EFFECT OF HEPATOCYTE SOURCE ON METABOLIC PROFILE OF BIPHENYL IN AN INVITRO DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY ASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MAN TECH ENVIRONM SCI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 21 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000234 ER PT J AU ONDICH, G AF ONDICH, G TI USEPAS POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AGENDA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 23 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101508 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, DJ AF SAROKIN, DJ TI EPAS 33/50 PROJECT - POLLUTION PREVENTION THROUGH VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF TOXIC SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 24 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101509 ER PT J AU CURRAN, MA AF CURRAN, MA TI LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS - A TOOL FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 27 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101512 ER PT J AU JENSEN, JK AF JENSEN, JK TI PESTICIDE DONATIONS AND THE DISPOSAL CRISIS IN AFRICA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PEST PROGRAMS H7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 44 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000257 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, AE AF LINDSAY, AE TI PESTICIDE REGULATORY POLICY IN THE 21ST-CENTURY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV REGISTRAT H7505C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 66 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000280 ER PT J AU FARLAND, WH DOURSON, M AF FARLAND, WH DOURSON, M TI NONCANCER HEALTH END-POINTS - APPROACHES TO QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 68 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001742 ER PT J AU HORNE, DM AF HORNE, DM TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS IN THE USE OF PESTICIDES IN IPM - FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 68 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000282 ER PT J AU BACHMANN, JD AF BACHMANN, JD TI ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN-OXIDES - A BRIDESMAID REVISITED SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 71 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001745 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT MUMTAZ, MM CHOUDHURY, H MCKEAN, DL AF DEROSA, CT MUMTAZ, MM CHOUDHURY, H MCKEAN, DL TI AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPLE PATHWAY CHEMICAL EXPOSURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 73 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001747 ER PT J AU GARETZ, WV AF GARETZ, WV TI SUGGESTED NEXT STEPS TO ALLOW FOR IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND IMPACTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 76 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001750 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RC ZARAGOZA, LJ AF JOHNSON, RC ZARAGOZA, LJ TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 77 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001751 ER PT J AU WELLS, SE AF WELLS, SE TI SUPERFUNDS SITE ASSESSMENT PROCESS - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REVISED HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 78 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001752 ER PT J AU DENNY, RL AF DENNY, RL TI LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD - PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL IN THE MID 80S AND THE MID 90S SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 86 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000300 ER PT J AU FITZ, N AF FITZ, N TI PESTICIDE CONTAINER REGULATIONS AS PART OF EPA STRATEGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 89 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000303 ER PT J AU HOWARD, DF AF HOWARD, DF TI EVOLUTION OF REGULATIONS FOR PESTICIDE RINSATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 104 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000318 ER PT J AU JENSON, JK AF JENSON, JK TI MANAGING PESTICIDE WASTE - A DEVELOPING-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 107 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000321 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, MS AF SHIELDS, MS TI TREATMENT OF TCE AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS USING A TOLUENE MONOOXYGENASE CONSTITUTIVE PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TRI,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 119 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000628 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI METALS BEHAVIOR DURING MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 131 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08001913 ER PT J AU CAMACHO, J CROUSE, D AF CAMACHO, J CROUSE, D TI CREOSOTE SITE-BIOBED BOX PILOT SCALE BIOREMEDIATION STUDY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RESPONSE TEAM,EDISON,NJ 08837. ROY F WESTON INC,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 140 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000649 ER PT J AU OBERACKER, DA LIN, PC SHAUL, GM FERGUSON, DT AF OBERACKER, DA LIN, PC SHAUL, GM FERGUSON, DT TI EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF PESTICIDE BAG OPEN BURNING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 141 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000355 ER PT J AU MACLER, BA ZUPAN, JR AF MACLER, BA ZUPAN, JR TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF THE GELIDIACEAE SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GELIDIUM CY SEP 03-08, 1990 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP INT SEAWEED ASSOC, DIPUTAC REG CANTABRIA DE GELIDIUM; MASS CULTURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY; PTEROCLADIA ID CHONDRUS-CRISPUS; GELIDIUM-COULTERI; RED ALGA; GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS; GRACILARIA SP; RHODOPHYTA; GROWTH; NITROGEN; CULTURE; CARBON AB An understanding of the physiological factors important to growth and agar production of the Gelidiales would be useful for successful mariculture of these commercially valuable plants. Several environmental factors, including light, nitrogen, carbon, temperature and water motion, have been shown to have potential significance for growth rates, reproduction and carbon partitioning in defining optimal conditions for cultivation. Limiting and optimal growth conditions, where known, are presented, and evaluation of data reported in the literature is addressed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MACLER, BA (reprint author), US EPA,REG 9,75 HAWTHORNE ST,W-6-1,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG 22 PY 1991 VL 221 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1007/BF00028365 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GP246 UT WOS:A1991GP24600011 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH TI CHOLERA IN PERU SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 17 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8764 BP 455 EP 455 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91086-A PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GB446 UT WOS:A1991GB44600056 PM 1678121 ER PT J AU HAYKALCOATES, N OCALLAGHAN, JP REINHARD, JF JENSEN, KF AF HAYKALCOATES, N OCALLAGHAN, JP REINHARD, JF JENSEN, KF TI PARGYLINE AND GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE ENHANCE TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE IMMUNOSTAINING OF NIGROSTRIATAL AXONS SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; STRIATUM; AXON ID DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; RAT-BRAIN; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ADRENAL-MEDULLA; MESSENGER-RNA; RESERPINE; NITROCELLULOSE; PROTEINS; NEURONS AB Administration of pargyline or gamma-butyrolactone enhanced immunostaining of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons in the striatum. The qualitative characteristics of the enhancement were compound dependent and the enhancement was not associated with an increase in the amount of tyrosine hydroxylase within the striatum. These results demonstrate the pharmacological enhancement of immunostaining for neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes in the absence of increase synthesis. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. WELLCOME RES LABS,DIV PHARMACOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG ND-89-4] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD AUG 16 PY 1991 VL 556 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90330-X PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GE893 UT WOS:A1991GE89300025 PM 1718564 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, BB AF ROBINSON, BB TI EPAS PROGRAM FOR MANAGEMENT OF CRUDE-OIL AND NATURAL-GAS EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION WASTES SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1389 EP 1390 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GA885 UT WOS:A1991GA88500056 ER PT J AU HUBBELL, L AF HUBBELL, L TI HEROES IN THE PUBLIC-SERVICE - A REJOINDER SO ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP HUBBELL, L (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0095-3997 J9 ADMIN SOC JI Adm. Soc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1177/009539979102300203 PG 7 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA GA603 UT WOS:A1991GA60300003 ER PT J AU REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP AF REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI MEASUREMENT OF TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE APOENZYME PROTEIN BY ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY (ELISA) - EFFECTS OF 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) ON STRIATAL TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY AND CONTENT SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-3-MONOOXYGENASE; NEUROTOXICITY; MECHANISM; INVITRO C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP REINHARD, JF (reprint author), WELLCOME RES LABS,3030 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 196 IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90469-A PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FZ710 UT WOS:A1991FZ71000017 PM 1685629 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR AF HUTCHINS, SR TI BIODEGRADATION OF MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS USING OXYGEN, NITRATE, OR NITROUS-OXIDE AS THE TERMINAL ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DENITRIFICATION CONDITIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIORESTORATION; DEGRADATION; SAND AB Microcosms were prepared from aquifer material, spiked with monoaromatic hydrocarbons, and amended with oxygen, nitrate, and nitrous oxide. Benzene and alkylbenzenes were degraded to concentrations below 5-mu-g/liter within 7 days under aerobic conditions, whereas only the alkylbenzenes were degraded when either nitrate or nitrous oxide was used. With limited oxygen, monoaromatic hydrocarbons were degraded but removal ceased once oxygen was consumed. However, when nitrate was also present, biodegradation of the alkylbenzenes continued with no apparent lag. Although benzene was still recalcitrant, levels were reduced compared with levels after treatment with nitrate or limited oxygen alone. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 16 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2403 EP 2407 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FZ250 UT WOS:A1991FZ25000049 PM 1768110 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, FW JOHNSON, CH HSU, CH RICE, EW AF SCHAEFER, FW JOHNSON, CH HSU, CH RICE, EW TI DETERMINATION OF GIARDIA-LAMBLIA CYST INFECTIVE DOSE FOR THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The purpose of this study was to determine the 50% infective dose for Giardia lamblia (CDC:0284:1) cysts in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The log10 50% infective dose results calculated by probit analysis and the Spearman-Karber method were 2.45 and 2.50, respectively. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2408 EP 2409 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FZ250 UT WOS:A1991FZ25000050 PM 1768111 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WHITEHOUSE, DA CREASON, JP KAWANISHI, CY SHERWOOD, RL CLAXTON, LD AF GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WHITEHOUSE, DA CREASON, JP KAWANISHI, CY SHERWOOD, RL CLAXTON, LD TI DISTRIBUTION, CLEARANCE, AND MORTALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSEUDOMONADS IN MICE UPON INTRANASAL EXPOSURE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID AERUGINOSA; ENDOTOXIN; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; LUNG; TRANSLOCATION; EXOTOXIN AB When introduced intranasally, P. cepacia AC1100 (approximately 10(8) CFU/animal) and P. aeruginosa AC869 (approximately 10(3) CFU/animal) were readily cleared from the mouse. However, a approximately 10(7)-CFU dose of AC869 persisted for 14 days. Strain AC869 had a 50% lethal dose of 2.7 x 10(7) CFU. Slight morbidity occurred in animals treated with approximately 10(7) CFU of AC869 or approximately 10(8) CFU of AC1100. C1 IIT,RES INST,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2420 EP 2425 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FZ250 UT WOS:A1991FZ25000054 PM 1722663 ER PT J AU SHIRAZI, MA DAWSON, DA AF SHIRAZI, MA DAWSON, DA TI DEVELOPMENTAL MALFORMATION OF FROG EMBRYOS - AN ANALYSIS OF TERATOGENICITY OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATHEAD MINNOW; TOXICITY AB Chemical compounds known to be teratogenic to frog embryos were tested singly and in binary mixtures and Weibull functions were used to model their concentration-response relationships. A separate Weibull function with an additive concentration variable modeled the mixtures using only single chemical test data. Seven chemicals in five binary mixtures at 3/1, 1/1, and 1/3 mixture proportions each were tested. The ratios of measured and calculated model parameters and median concentrations were estimated for comparing the results. The ratios ranged from 0.72 and 1.44 with an average at 0.99, an agreement that was qualitatively similar to modeling mixtures of narcotic chemicals which are known to produce additive concentration effects. The model reliability in determining mixture response classes and prediction of effects based on single chemical data was quantified. The model is useful for environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures in hazardous waste sites and for the design of mixture experiments. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL VET MED,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP SHIRAZI, MA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW794 UT WOS:A1991FW79400003 PM 1958073 ER PT J AU SHIRAZI, MA LINDER, G AF SHIRAZI, MA LINDER, G TI A MODEL OF ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF MIXTURES OF NARCOTIC CHEMICALS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY AB Biological effects data with single chemicals are far more abundant than with mixtures. Yet, environmental exposures to chemical mixtures, for example near hazardous waste sites or non point sources, are very common and using test data from single chemicals to approximate effects of mixtures can be useful in environmental risk assessment. To facilitate the linkage, the Weibull function was used as a common model to link responses of single chemicals with the response of their mixtures. The present paper addresses the response of fish to mixtures of narcotic chemicals and a second paper addresses the development malformation of frog embryos when exposed to defined mixtures of teratogenic chemicals. Biological effects data with singly tested chemicals cannot be used directly to predict effects of mixtures. However, narcotic chemicals are known to produce an additive concentration effects in fish and the Weibull function with an additive concentration variable was used to model the effects of mixtures of these chemicals. The model produced good agreement with data over a wide range of chemicals and mixture ratios and provides a useful initial assessment of environmental effects of mixtures of narcotic chemicals. C1 MAN TECH CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SHIRAZI, MA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW794 UT WOS:A1991FW79400004 PM 1958074 ER PT J AU MIDDAUGH, DP MUELLER, JG THOMAS, RL LANTZ, SE HEMMER, MH BROOKS, GT CHAPMAN, PJ AF MIDDAUGH, DP MUELLER, JG THOMAS, RL LANTZ, SE HEMMER, MH BROOKS, GT CHAPMAN, PJ TI DETOXIFICATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL AND CREOSOTE CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER BY PHYSICAL EXTRACTION - CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ACUTE TOXICITY; COAL-TAR; SEDIMENTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENT; PENSACOLA; KILLIFISH; FLORIDA AB Chemical analyses revealed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic compounds were present in a perennial freshwater stream that flowed through the abandoned American Creosote Works and into Pensacola Bay, Florida. Moreover, groundwater pumped from a well depth of 21 m at a location adjacent to the site was heavily contaminated with PAHs and other organics. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of ultrafiltration for removal of organics from groundwater at this U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Super Fund site. Ultrafiltration reduced the concentration of total identified organics from 210.0 mg/L in groundwater to 1.5 mg/L in the post-filtration permeate. Tests for toxicity/teratogenicity in embryonic inland silversides, Menidia beryllina; and Microtox(R) 15 min EC50's were conducted with: 1) streamwater, 2) untreated groundwater, 3) feedwater used in the ultrafiltration system and 4) permeate water that passed through the ultrafiltration system. A concentration of 100% streamwater caused significant (alpha less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) teratogenic responses in fish embryos and larvae; the Microtox(R) EC50 was 3.7% streamwater. Groundwater and feedwater caused significant embryo toxic or teratogenic responses at concentrations of 100, 10, and 1%; the Microtox EC50's were 0.85 and 0.48%, respectively. In contrast, only 100% permeate water caused significant increases in terata, compared to the control response; at 10 and 1% concentrations > 90% of hatched larvae appeared normal. The Microtox EC50 was 30% permeate water. C1 SO BIO PROD INC GULF,BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. COMP SCI CORP,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MIDDAUGH, DP (reprint author), US EPA,GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW794 UT WOS:A1991FW79400011 PM 1958078 ER PT J AU WALKER, JM ODONNELL, MJ AF WALKER, JM ODONNELL, MJ TI COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT OF MSW COMPOST CHARACTERISTICS SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE RP WALKER, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 1991 VL 32 IS 8 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA GC689 UT WOS:A1991GC68900015 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, SB ANDERSEN, CP HANSON, PJ TJOELKER, MG ROY, WK AF MCLAUGHLIN, SB ANDERSEN, CP HANSON, PJ TJOELKER, MG ROY, WK TI INCREASED DARK RESPIRATION AND CALCIUM DEFICIENCY OF RED SPRUCE IN RELATION TO ACIDIC DEPOSITION AT HIGH-ELEVATION SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN SITES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SEEDLINGS; ALUMINUM; FORESTS; DECLINE; FOLIAGE; PLANTS; STANDS; FIR AB Rates of net photosynthesis and dark respiration of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) foliage were examined in relationship to soil and foliar nutrient status at three elevations across each of three mountains in the southern Appalachians. These studies tested our previously stated hypothesis that increased dark respiration and reduced growth were associated with natural or induced nutrient deficiency at higher elevation sites. A consistent and highly significant reduction in the ratio of net photosynthesis to dark respiration was found at the highest sites on each mountain compared with lower sites, as had been previously reported for the initial two test sites. This response was produced by significant increases in dark respiration that were associated with low foliar calcium levels and high foliar aluminum levels found at the higher elevation sites in this region. Net photosynthesis was generally comparable between sites. A consistently inverse relationship between dark respiration and foliar calcium was found across highest and lowest elevation sites, while the midelevation sites, where calcium:aluminum ratios were highest, showed less evidence of respiratory response to calcium. Calcium in shoots was significantly reduced in association with increasing levels of soil aluminum in the rooting zone across all sites. Collectively, these studies suggest that reduced calcium supply, occurring in association with competitive inhibition of calcium uptake by high concentrations of aluminum found in soil, may have reduced the availability of carbon for red spruce growth at higher elevation sites. Inferential evidence examined, including atmospheric deposition levels, soil solution chemistry, and historical tree-ring chemistry, suggests that acidic deposition would have been a contributing factor in inducing or amplifying calcium deficiency. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MCLAUGHLIN, SB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Tjoelker, Mark/M-2413-2016 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Tjoelker, Mark/0000-0003-4607-5238 NR 45 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1234 EP 1244 DI 10.1139/x91-172 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GB814 UT WOS:A1991GB81400010 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, CP HOGSETT, WE WESSLING, R PLOCHER, M AF ANDERSEN, CP HOGSETT, WE WESSLING, R PLOCHER, M TI OZONE DECREASES SPRING ROOT-GROWTH AND ROOT CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN PONDEROSA PINE THE YEAR FOLLOWING EXPOSURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SEEDLINGS AB Storage carbohydrates are extremely important for new shoot and root development following dormancy or during periods of high stress. The hypothesis that ozone decreases carbohydrate storage and decreases new root growth during the year following exposure was investigated. Ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) exposed to ozone in 1989 were harvested prior to shoot elongation (nongrowing seedlings) and following a root growth test (growing seedlings) in the spring of 1990 to evaluate starch and soluble sugar concentrations. Seedlings exposed to the highest ozone level had 34% less lateral root biomass and 65% less new root biomass the following spring. Exposure to 122 and 169 ppm-h (sum of hourly means, 24 h/day, over the exposure period) during the 1989 growing season resulted in significant decreases of carbohydrate pools examined in both nongrowing and growing seedlings the following spring. Starch concentrations were most affected: at the highest ozone level, there were decreases of 43 and 44% in coarse and fine roots, respectively, of nongrowing seedlings, and 50, 65, and 62% in coarse, fine, and new roots, respectively, of growing seedlings. The results suggest that (i) ponderosa pine seedlings exposed to 122 and 169 ppm-h ozone for one season have significantly less root starch reserves available just prior to and during bud break the following year and (ii) spring root growth is decreased following ozone exposure. The carry-over effects of ozone stress may be important in long-lived perennial species that are annually subjected to ozone. C1 NORTHROP SERV INC,TECHNOL SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP ANDERSEN, CP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1288 EP 1291 DI 10.1139/x91-179 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GB814 UT WOS:A1991GB81400017 ER PT J AU RICHMOND, RE DEANGELO, AB POTTER, CL DANIEL, FB AF RICHMOND, RE DEANGELO, AB POTTER, CL DANIEL, FB TI THE ROLE OF HYPERPLASTIC NODULES IN DICHLOROACETIC ACID-INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN B6C3F1 MALE-MICE SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ALTERED HEPATOCYTE FOCI; MOUSE-LIVER TUMORS; C-HA-RAS; CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; RATS; ONCOGENE AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) has recently been shown to increase significantly the incidence of hepatic adenomas (HAs) and hepatocarcinomas (HCs) in male B6C3F1 mice. Although little is known about the mechanism of DCA carcinogenesis, chronic ingestion of the compound in drinking water induces primarily hyperplastic nodules (HNs) prior to the appearance of HAs and HCs. Given the putative preneoplastic potential of the HNs, we undertook this study to determine the role of the HNs in the progression of DCA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This role was assessed by detecting the expression of five different tumor markers: p21 ras, p39 c-jun, phosphotyrosine, tumor-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase and alpha-fetoprotein, all known from previous studies to be expressed more often in neoplastic liver lesions than in normal liver. Tumor marker expression was detected by immunohistochemical methods using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of normal B6C3F1 mouse liver, and DCA-induced HNs, HAs and HCs. The results demonstrated that, except for the c-jun marker, HNs expressed the markers significantly less often than either HNs or HCs. Equal expression of c-jun occurred in any of the three lesion types. Although these results could be used to argue that no relation-ship existed between HNs and later-appearing HAs and HCs, those HNs that were marker positive contained small nests of marker-positive hepatocytes among a field of normally appearing unstained hepatocytes. No similar nests of marker-positive cells were detected in any area of normal liver outside the HNs. Also very few altered hepatic foci (AF) were detected with these markers or with hematoxylin and eosin, or with histochemical stains for ATPase or glucose-6-phosphatase deficiencies. These results suggested that these nests within some HNs were areas of transformed, or neoplastic hepatocytes. Phenotypic heterogeneity analysis, in which the number of tumor markers co-expressed by any given lesion was examined, confirmed a significantly greater percentage of RAs and HCs expressing multiple markers than HNs. Those HNs that expressed multiple markers, however, expressed at the same frequency as HAs and HCs and the expression was confined to the same nests of cells. Taken together, these data suggest that these nests of marker-positive cells within the HNs were neoplastic and could develop into later-appearing HAs and/or HCs. The absence of marker expression in normal liver and limited expression in the few AF indicates that the HNs may be the only significant preneoplastic lesion in DCA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. C1 US EPA,BIOCHEM & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP RICHMOND, RE (reprint author), NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41076, USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 1991 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1383 EP 1387 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.8.1383 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GA911 UT WOS:A1991GA91100004 PM 1860158 ER PT J AU COLYER, RS MEYER, J AF COLYER, RS MEYER, J TI UNDERSTAND THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING EQUIPMENT LEAKS SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article RP COLYER, RS (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 87 IS 8 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA GC032 UT WOS:A1991GC03200009 ER PT J AU MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R AF MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD ENGLER, R TI ARE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PESTICIDES DIFFERENT SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article RP MCCLINTOCK, JT (reprint author), US EPA,SCI ANAL & COORDINAT BRANCH,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD AUG PY 1991 VL 21 IS 8 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA GA350 UT WOS:A1991GA35000009 ER PT J AU PEREZ, KT MORRISON, GE DAVEY, EW LACKIE, NF SOPER, AE BLASCO, RJ WINSLOW, DL JOHNSON, RL MURPHY, PG HELTSHE, JF AF PEREZ, KT MORRISON, GE DAVEY, EW LACKIE, NF SOPER, AE BLASCO, RJ WINSLOW, DL JOHNSON, RL MURPHY, PG HELTSHE, JF TI INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON FATE AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF KEPONE IN PHYSICAL MODELS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL FATE; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS; KEPONE; MARINE SYSTEM; MICROCOSMS; MODELS; SCALE; SIMULATION; SIZE ID ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT; JAMES RIVER; MICROCOSMS; RESPONSES AB Three different sizes of marine microcosms were used to study the influence of two features of spatial scale on the chemical fate and ecological effects of the pesticide Kepone. Increasing the size of microcosms reduced the ratio of wall surface area to volume of contained sea water, but increased the number of benthic species due to increasing sample size. Other features of spatial scale, such as water turbulence, water turnover, etc., were held constant. Intact water-column and benthic communities from a north-temperate marine system were coupled together in 9.1-, 35.0-, and 140.0-L containers. Kepone at 20.4 nmol/L was added to these microcosm systems over a 30-d period. A 3 x 2 factorial design was used to discern the effects of size and Kepone. In the absence of Kepone the phytoplankton community exhibited excessive growth relative to the field system for all system sizes. Growth was directly related to the size of microcosms. In addition, the time required to achieve maximum algal biomass was also directly related to size. Release of a growth-stimulating compound(s) from fouling organisms settling on the microcosm walls and size-dependent increases in benthic species provided the best explanation for the observed phytoplankton dynamics. Addition of Kepone indirectly increased phytoplankton densities by reducing, through toxic effects, the grazing pressure of zooplankton. Because this effect and mechanism was dependent upon the size of the system, the sensitivity of future perturbation studies may be enhanced by producing similar or related variations in system size. The concentration of Kepone in surficial sediments was also size dependent. Since the average concentrations of Kepone in all water columns were statistically equivalent, these findings were the result of sediment bioturbation coupled with preferential partitioning of Kepone from liquid to the solid, organic phase of sediments. Ecological risk assessments based upon data derived from these systems are therefore dependent upon size. Furthermore, the smaller the size, the greater the underestimate in sediment exposure and the ecological risks of Kepone. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT COMP SCI & STAT,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP PEREZ, KT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 1 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.2307/1941753 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GB955 UT WOS:A1991GB95500001 PM 27755773 ER PT J AU HE, XZ CHEN, W LIU, ZY CHAPMAN, RS AF HE, XZ CHEN, W LIU, ZY CHAPMAN, RS TI AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF LUNG-CANCER IN XUAN-WEI COUNTY, CHINA - CURRENT PROGRESS - CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON LUNG-CANCER AND COOKING FUEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CY AUG 13-15, 1990 CL BERKELEY, CA SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION AB In Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality rates are among China's highest in males and females. Previous studies have shown a strong association of lung cancer mortality with air pollution from "smoky" coal combustion. In the present quantitative risk assessment of indoor air pollution study, the result strongly shows an obvious on-site exposure-response relationship between benzo[a]pyrene concentration in indoor air and lung cancer mortality and strongly supports the hypothesis that indoor air pollution is the main risk factor in inducing lung cancer in Xuan Wei County. In the present case-control study, the result shows that in females, the presence of lung cancer is statistically significantly associated with chronic bronchitis and family history of lung cancer. The results also suggest an association of lung cancer with duration of cooking food, but not with passive smoking. In males, the presence of lung cancer is associated with smoking, bronchitis, family history of lung cancer, and personal history of cooking food. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HE, XZ (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,29 NAN WEI RD,BEIJING 100050,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 13 TC 70 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 94 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.2307/3431286 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GG598 UT WOS:A1991GG59800003 PM 1954946 ER PT J AU SPEKTOR, DM HOFMEISTER, VA ARTAXO, P BRAGUE, JAP ECHELAR, F NOGUEIRA, DP HAYES, C THURSTON, GD LIPPMANN, M AF SPEKTOR, DM HOFMEISTER, VA ARTAXO, P BRAGUE, JAP ECHELAR, F NOGUEIRA, DP HAYES, C THURSTON, GD LIPPMANN, M TI EFFECTS OF HEAVY INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION ON RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION IN THE CHILDREN OF CUBATAO, BRAZIL - A PRELIMINARY-REPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CY AUG 13-15, 1990 CL BERKELEY, CA SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL AB Under a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo (USP), a study is ongoing in Cubatao, Brazil, to try to establish exposure-response relationships on the impact of specific industrial effluents on respiratory function in school-age children. Cubatao, located on the coast about 44 km from the city of Sao Paulo, is surrounded by U-shaped mountains (approximately 800 m) covered with subtropical forests. Its area is approximately 160 km2, and it has a population of approximately 90,000. The geography is such that it causes a consistent diurnal land-sea breeze pattern and the opposite during the night, with low dispersion of the air pollutants. In a small area (approximately 40 km2) against the mountains there is a concentration of over 20 large plants: oil refinery; iron and steel mill; fertilizer, cement, and gypsum production; coke kilns; and chemical, paint, and many other ancillary plants. During the 1988 school year, March through June, August through November, 600 six-year-old children, attending six different kindergarten schools, underwent monthly spirometry tests. Because the children live within a 500 m radius of their school, pollution monitors were located on each of the six schools. Particles were collected using dichotomous stacked filter units placed on 20 m towers to reduce the influence of dust from unpaved roads. The units use different pore size filters for coarse, 2 to 10-mu-m, and fine particles, (dp) < 2-mu-m, and took separate samples for day and nighttime. Three sites are in the densely populated downtown area, one is on a newly developed outskirt area, and the last two are residential areas, far from industries, up on the side of the surrounding hills (elevations, 95 and 200 m). The yearly average thoracic aerosol mass concentration (PM10) is very high on all sites, ranging from 59 +/- 39-mu-m/m3 to 240 +/- 122-mu-m/m3, the number of days with mean PM10 > 100-mu-m/m3 range from 27 to 98% depending on neighborhood. There has not been a significant reduction of ambient PM10 concentrations since 1985, when previous studies by USP showed grossly abnormal lung function in kindergarten children. The initial analyses on the current study show that respiratory airflow rates are significantly associated with PM10 concentrations during the previous month. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,SCH PUBL HLTH,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,DEPT PHYS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SPEKTOR, DM (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,INST ENVIRONM MED,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10012, USA. RI Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010 OI Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 3 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 94 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.2307/3431292 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GG598 UT WOS:A1991GG59800009 PM 1954940 ER PT J AU LIU, KS HUANG, FY HAYWARD, SB WESOLOWSKI, J SEXTON, K AF LIU, KS HUANG, FY HAYWARD, SB WESOLOWSKI, J SEXTON, K TI IRRITANT EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE IN MOBILE HOMES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CY AUG 13-15, 1990 CL BERKELEY, CA SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL AB This paper reports the irritant effects associated with formaldehyde exposures in mobile homes. Week-long, integrated formaldehyde concentrations were measured using passive monitors in summer and winter while the mobile home residents continued their normal activities. Information on acute health problems, chronic respiratory/allergic illnesses, smoking behavior, demographic variables, and time spent at home was obtained on over 1000 individuals during the sampling period. Measured formaldehyde concentrations varied from under the limit of detection (0.01 ppm) to 0.46 ppm. Formaldehyde exposure was estimated for each individual by multiplying the concentration measured in his or her home by the time he or she spent at home. Irritant effects were found to be associated with formaldehyde exposure after controlling for age, sex, smoking status, and chronic illnesses using a logistic procedure. Some of the interaction terms found to be significant indicated that there were synergistic effects between formaldehyde exposure and chronic health problems. C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LIU, KS (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,CALIF INDOOR AIR QUAL PROGRAM,AIR & IND HYG LAB,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 94 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.2307/3431298 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GG598 UT WOS:A1991GG59800015 PM 1954947 ER PT J AU SCHWETZ, BA MORRISSEY, RE WELSCH, F KAVLOCK, RA AF SCHWETZ, BA MORRISSEY, RE WELSCH, F KAVLOCK, RA TI INVITRO TERATOLOGY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VALIDATION AB The purpose of this conference was to reevaluate the need for and use of in vitro teratology assays; to examine the validation process for in vitro tests; and to discuss progress in the validation of in vitro teratology screens. Participants enthusiastically supported further development of short-term in vivo and in vitro systems both as prescreens for developmental toxicity and as experimental systems to explore mechanisms of action of toxicants. The group strongly endorsed the development of an updated reference list ("gold standard") of known developmental toxicants and nontoxicants as essential to further progress in developing and validating prescreening efforts. Independently, an expert group should further evaluate the performance characteristics for a validated prescreen. The limits of usefulness of prescreens for product development, regulatory use, and mechanistic investigations need to be clearly defined. Finally, too few in vitro teratology prescreens have been evaluated under multiple-laboratory conditions with common, agreed-upon test agents to draw firm conclusions regarding the merit and reproducibility of in vitro teratology prescreens. There was general agreement regarding the need to move several of the assays further along the validation pathway, at least using a short list of reference compounds. C1 CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HERL MD 67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SCHWETZ, BA (reprint author), NIEHS,POB 12233 MD D4-02,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 94 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.2307/3431321 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GG598 UT WOS:A1991GG59800038 PM 1683285 ER PT J AU SPEKTOR, DM THURSTON, GD MAO, J HE, D HAYES, C LIPPMANN, M AF SPEKTOR, DM THURSTON, GD MAO, J HE, D HAYES, C LIPPMANN, M TI EFFECTS OF SINGLEDAY AND MULTIDAY OZONE EXPOSURES ON RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION IN ACTIVE NORMAL-CHILDREN SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 0.12 PPM OZONE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; AMBIENT OZONE; MODERATE EXERCISE; ADAPTATION; RESPONSES; POLLUTION; DURATION; HUMANS; LUNG C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SPEKTOR, DM (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,INST ENVIRONM MED,TUXEDO PK,NY 10987, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80167-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GB291 UT WOS:A1991GB29100001 PM 1868814 ER PT J AU ROSE, JB GERBA, CP JAKUBOWSKI, W AF ROSE, JB GERBA, CP JAKUBOWSKI, W TI SURVEY OF POTABLE WATER-SUPPLIES FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND GIARDIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER WATER; OOCYSTS; DISINFECTION; CYSTS AB The comparative occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was evaluated in 257 water samples from 17 states in the United States. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 55% of the surface water samples at an average concentration of 43 oocysts/ 100 L, while Giardia cysts were found in 16% of the same samples at an average concentration of 3 cysts/100 L. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were more frequently detected in samples from waters receiving sewage and agricultural discharges as opposed to pristine waters. There was no correlation between the concentration of water quality indicator bacteria and either protozoa. Both protozoa were more frequently isolated in the fall than other seasons of the year. The concentrations of both organisms were significantly correlated in all waters. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 17% of 36 drinking water samples (0.5-1.7 oocysts/100 L) while no Giardia cysts were detected. The widespread occurrence of cysts and oocysts in waters used as supplies of potable water suggests that there is a risk of waterborne transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections if the water is not adequately treated. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV MICROBIOL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP ROSE, JB (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,13301 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. NR 32 TC 185 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1393 EP 1400 DI 10.1021/es00020a005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FY998 UT WOS:A1991FY99800011 ER PT J AU GRIMM, DM AZARRAGA, LV CARREIRA, LA SUSETYO, W AF GRIMM, DM AZARRAGA, LV CARREIRA, LA SUSETYO, W TI CONTINUOUS MULTILIGAND DISTRIBUTION MODEL USED TO PREDICT THE STABILITY CONSTANT OF CU(II) METAL COMPLEXATION WITH HUMIC MATERIAL FROM FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; FULVIC-ACID; NATURAL-WATERS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; BINDING; TITRATION; COPPER; SUBSTANCES; PROTONS AB We report the use of a pH-dependent continuous multiligand distribution model to determine the stability constant between Cu(II) and dissolved humic material. Fluorescence quenching of the humic material by Cu(II) is used to produce spectral titration curves. The values from the titration curves are then fit, by use of a least-squares fitting routine, to the calculated values produced by the model. Three titrations at pH 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 were conducted using this method, and the observed and calculated values are compared. A single stability constant for Cu(II) with the humic material is reported. The results of these titrations are compared with the results of experiments carried out using a new technique that relies on the spectral properties of the Eu(III) ion to probe metal binding sites in humic material. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP GRIMM, DM (reprint author), US EPA,TECHNOL APPL INC,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1431 DI 10.1021/es00020a010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FY998 UT WOS:A1991FY99800016 ER PT J AU BERKLEY, RE VARNS, JL PLELL, J AF BERKLEY, RE VARNS, JL PLELL, J TI COMPARISON OF PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS AND PASSIVATED CANISTERS FOR FIELD SAMPLING AIRBORNE TOXIC ORGANIC VAPORS IN THE UNITED-STATES AND THE USSR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION; PHOTO-IONIZATION; AMBIENT AIR; PHOTOIONIZATION DETECTION; HYDROCARBONS AB Collection of samples in passivated canisters is widely used in analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in air because preconcentration is usually required to detect analytes. Sample integrity can be compromised by deterioration or artifact formation during storage and preconcentration. A laboratory-tested portable gas chromatograph (PGC) equipped with a highly sensitive photoionization detector (PID) offers the advantage of near real-time data without preconcentration, but its limitations as a field-portable instrument must be recognized. This paper presents data produced simultaneously by the canister/ TO-14 method and by PGCs. Data were obtained in U.S. and overseas field studies at industrial, hazardous waste, and roadway sites. Field results suggest that a combination of canister and PGC methods offers a synergistic approach to source assessment measurements. RP BERKLEY, RE (reprint author), US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1444 DI 10.1021/es00020a012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FY998 UT WOS:A1991FY99800018 ER PT J AU NEUKRUG KARALEKAS GLICKER KIRMEYER FREY MARROCCO HESS DEHAAS AF NEUKRUG KARALEKAS GLICKER KIRMEYER FREY MARROCCO HESS DEHAAS TI IMPLEMENTING THE LEAD RULE SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 PINE BROOK WATER DISTRICT,BOULDER,CO 80304. BLACK & VEATCH CONSULTING ENGINEERS,KANSAS CITY,MO 64114. PORTLAND WATER BUR,PORTLAND,OR 97204. REG WATER AUTHOR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. US EPA,WATER SUPPLY SECT,BOSTON,MA 02203. ECON & ENGN SERV,BELLEVUE,WA 98009. PENN DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,HARRISBURG,PA 17101. RP NEUKRUG (reprint author), PHILADELPHIA WATER DEPT,1101 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 83 IS 8 BP 26 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GE245 UT WOS:A1991GE24500011 ER PT J AU BELL, FA AF BELL, FA TI REVIEW OF EFFECTS OF SILVER-IMPREGNATED CARBON FILTERS ON MICROBIAL WATER-QUALITY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this article is to examine information regarding the antibacterial characteristics of silver when used in drinking water treatment, available data on bacterial populations in effluents from silver-impregnated filter units, regulatory and test programs relating to the bacteriostatic action of silver in filters, and recent health effects research. C1 US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 83 IS 8 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GE245 UT WOS:A1991GE24500021 ER PT J AU GHIO, AJ KENNEDY, TP HATCH, GE TEPPER, JS AF GHIO, AJ KENNEDY, TP HATCH, GE TEPPER, JS TI REDUCTION OF NEUTROPHIL INFLUX DIMINISHES LUNG INJURY AND MORTALITY FOLLOWING PHOSGENE INHALATION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; LEUKOTRIENES; COLCHICINE; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; RAT; MOUSE ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; OZONE EXPOSURE; COLCHICINE; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; INVITRO; ACCUMULATION; MECHANISMS; LEUKOCYTES; EMPHYSEMA AB Phosgene inhalation causes a severe noncardiogenic pulmonary edema characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the lung. To study the role of neutrophils in lung injury and mortality after phosgene, we investigated the effects of leukocyte depletion with cyclophosphamide, inhibiting the generation of the chemotaxin leukotriene B4 with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA861 and impairing neutrophil migration with the microtubular poison colchicine. Cyclophosphamide, AA861, and colchicine injected before exposure significantly reduced percent neutrophils, protein, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive products in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats exposed to phosgene (0.5 ppm x 60 min). Cyclophosphamide, AA861, and colchicine also significantly decreased mortality from phosgene (2.0 ppm x 90 min) in mice. Colchicine significantly reduced neutrophil influx, lung injury, and mortality even when given 30 min after phosgene exposure. We conclude that lung injury and mortality after phosgene exposure are associated with an influx of neutrophils into the lung. Prevention of neutrophil migration with colchicine may hold therapeutic potential in phosgene poisoning. C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY CRIT CARE & RESP MED,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV INHALAT TOXICOL,TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MAN TECH ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [OH-02264] NR 32 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 71 IS 2 BP 657 EP 665 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA GA420 UT WOS:A1991GA42000038 PM 1657861 ER PT J AU ALTSHULLER, AP AF ALTSHULLER, AP TI ESTIMATING PRODUCT YIELDS OF CARBON-CONTAINING PRODUCTS FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOOXIDATION OF AMBIENT AIR ALKENES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALKENES; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PRODUCT YIELDS; SOURCES; TRANSPORT ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NO3; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL; NITRATES; TRENDS AB The yields of products have been calculated for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and ozone with 19 of the two-through-six carbon anthropogenic alkenes. Based on their rate of reaction, mechanisms of reactions and the ambient air distribution for these alkenes their seasonal ambient air yields have been estimated. Aldehydes predominate as products irrespective of season, with smaller yields of several ketones. Other minor products include carboxylic acids, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and alkenes. About a two-fold increase is estimated in the yields of 'hot' biradicals and their products from summer to winter. One sensitivity analysis was made by recomputing yields at a different OH radical to O3 concentration than assumed most likely in the calculations discussed above. In addition, the sensitivity of product yields to an estimated range of seasonally averaged sunset-to-sunrise NO3 radical concentrations was calculated. The effects of free radical reactions are discussed, but these are believed to make a relatively minor contribution within the NO(x)-rich atmospheres that contain anthropogenic alkenes. The uncertainties in product yields associated with the range of NO3 radical concentrations assumed present is relatively small for aldehydes, as is the decrease in yield of the one carbon 'hot' biradical. Larger uncertainties occur for ketones. Significant decreases in yields occur for larger 'hot' biradicals, especially the branched-chain 'hot' radicals in the presence of NO3 radicals. RP ALTSHULLER, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 131 EP 154 DI 10.1007/BF00115970 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GJ060 UT WOS:A1991GJ06000002 ER PT J AU ALTSHULLER, AP AF ALTSHULLER, AP TI THE PRODUCTION OF CARBON-MONOXIDE BY THE HOMOGENEOUS NOX-INDUCED PHOTOOXIDATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CARBON MONOXIDE YIELDS; ALKANES; ALKENES; ACETYLENE; PRIMARY REACTION PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOOXIDATION ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTION; PHOTO-OXIDATION; RATE CONSTANTS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; EASTERN PACIFIC; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; OZONE PRODUCTION AB The reaction mechanisms of products, along with their rates of reaction with hydroxyl radicals and their rates of photolysis, have been used to obtain carbon monoxide, CO, yields from the products of the homogenous atmospheric photooxidation from emissions of hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds, VOCs. Seasonally averaged CO yields are estimated for a number of types of VOCs. The annual production of CO is estimated for the contiguous United States from combustion sources of CO and from the atmospheric photooxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds. Limitations on estimates of CO yields and of CO production from various heterogeneous processes are discussed. RP ALTSHULLER, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 88 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 155 EP 182 DI 10.1007/BF00115971 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GJ060 UT WOS:A1991GJ06000003 ER PT J AU GURKA, DF PYLE, SM FARNHAM, I TITUS, R AF GURKA, DF PYLE, SM FARNHAM, I TITUS, R TI APPLICATION OF HYPHENATED FOURIER TRANSFORM-INFRARED TECHNIQUES TO ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GC FT-IR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATION; EXTRACTS; SYSTEM AB Recent advances in Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) methodology allow the identification of trace components on-the-fly at the low nanogram level. New infrared trapping interfaces have been reported which provide real-time picogram sensitivities, with the possibility of achieving subpicogram sensitivities by signal averaging. Methods which present larger quantities of analyte to the infrared detector may also improve system detection limits. Along with a discussion of improved sensitivity, calibration curve data is presented for 57 semivolatile compounds which show that lightpipe (LP) gas chromatography - Fourier transform-infrared (GC - FT-IR) spectrometry, daily and day-to-day quantification precision, is comparable to that obtainable from gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ability to achieve trace-level sensitivities and precise quantification data allows the preparation and utilization of FT-IR protocols for environmental analysis. Proposed protocols are described and one is expected to be in routine usage by the close of 1991. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP GURKA, DF (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 8 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FZ679 UT WOS:A1991FZ67900003 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, JW CARLTON, JT AF CHAPMAN, JW CARLTON, JT TI A TEST OF CRITERIA FOR INTRODUCED SPECIES - THE GLOBAL INVASION BY THE ISOPOD SYNIDOTEA-LAEVIDORSALIS (MIERS, 1881) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISPERSAL; PACIFIC AB Criteria for distinguishing introduced from endemic peracaridan crustaceans were used to deduce that a human-borne global invasion by the Oriental isopod Synidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881) has occurred in the past 100 years. These criteria concern the ecological, evoluntionary, and geographical attributes of introduced species. The criteria were used first to hypothesize that Synidotea laticauda is an introduced species in the eastern Pacific that arrived on the hulls of nineteenth-century sailing ships. This hypothesis was tested by searching for previously described conspecifics throughout the world. The search culminated in discoveries that Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 of the eastern Pacific and Synidotea marplatensis (Giambiagi, 1922) of the Atlantic coast of South America are misidentified populations and thus synonymies of S. laevidorsalis. Synidotea brunnea Pires and Moreira, 1975, of central Brazil is also a probable junior synonym of S. laevidorsalis. The discovery of these synonymies was thus based upon predictive criteria rather than inductive classical, taxonomic revisions. These errors in species identifications indicate that the prevalence of marine and estuarine introductions has been underestimated and that the extent of many introductions remains poorly resolved. C1 WILLIAMS COLL MYST SEAPORT,MARITIME STUDIES PROGRAM,MYSTIC,CT 06355. RP CHAPMAN, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 78 TC 117 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 14 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 386 EP 400 DI 10.2307/1548465 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FZ660 UT WOS:A1991FZ66000005 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S POPE, CN AF PADILLA, S POPE, CN TI RETROGRADE AXONAL-TRANSPORT OF LOCALLY SYNTHESIZED PHOSPHOINOSITIDES IN THE RAT SCIATIC-NERVE SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AXONAL TRANSPORT; PNS; MYOINOSITOL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; RETROGRADE AXONAL TRANSPORT ID SQUID GIANT-AXON; PHOSPHOLIPID-SYNTHESIS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; POLYPHOSPHOINOSITIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; MYELIN; ENZYMES; INVIVO; BRAIN AB Although autoradiography has demonstrated local incorporation of [H-3]inositol into axonal phospholipids after intraneural injection, retrograde axonal transport of phosphatidylinositol has only been demonstrated after injection of lipid precursor into the cell body regions (L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia) of the sciatic nerve. We now report the retrograde axonal transport of inositol phospholipids synthesized locally in the axons. Following microinjection of myo-[H-3]inositol into the rat sciatic nerve (50-55 mm distal to L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia), a time-dependent accumulation of H-3 label occurred in the dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to the injection site. The ratio of dpm present in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia to that in the contralateral dorsal root ganglia was not significantly different from unity between 2 and 8 h following isotope injection but increased to 10-12-fold between 24 and 72 h following precursor injection. By 24 h following precursor injection, the ipsilateral/contralateral ratio of the water-soluble label in the dorsal root ganglia still remained approximately 1.0, whereas the corresponding ratio in the chloroform/methanol-soluble fraction was approximately 20. The time course of appearance of labeled lipids in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia after injection of precursor into the nerve at various distances from the dorsal root ganglia indicated a transport rate of at least 5 mm/h. Accumulation of label in the dorsal root ganglia could be prevented by intraneural injection of colchicine or ligation of the sciatic nerve between the dorsal root ganglia and the isotope injection site. These results demonstrate that inositol phospholipids synthesized locally in the sciatic nerve are retrogradely transported back to the nerve cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOXICOL PROGRAM,MONROE,LA 71209. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,NEUROTOXICOL DIV MD74B,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03768.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FX907 UT WOS:A1991FX90700008 PM 1712828 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB REINHARD, JF DANIELS, AJ OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB REINHARD, JF DANIELS, AJ OCALLAGHAN, JP TI DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE POTENTIATES THE NEUROTOXICITY OF INVIVO 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE AND OF INVITRO 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C57B1/6 MICE; BOVINE ADRENAL MEDULLARY CELLS; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; NEUROTOXICITY; DOPAMINE; NOREPINEPHRINE; MOTOR BEHAVIOR ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXIN; MPTP 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; CATECHOLAMINE NEURONS; CHRONIC PARKINSONISM; CELLULAR-RESISTANCE; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; MOUSE HEART AB Diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC) potentiates in vivo neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and in vitro neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Male C57Bl/6 mice were given two or five injections of MPTP (30 mg/kg i.p.) preceded 0.5 h by DDC (400 mg/kg i.p.). The mice were tested for catalepsy, akinesia, or motor activity during and after the period of dosing. Striatal and hippocampal tissues were obtained at 2 and 7 days following the last injection and evaluated for dopamine and norepinephrine levels, respectively. These same tissues were also analyzed for the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-localized protein known to increase in response to neural injury. Pretreatment with DDC potentiated the effect of MPTP in striatum and resulted in substantially greater dopamine depletion, as well as a more pronounced elevation in GFAP. In hippocampus, the levels of norepinephrine and GFAP were not different from controls in mice receiving only MPTP, but pretreatment with DDC resulted in a sustained depletion of norepinephrine and an elevation of GFAP, suggesting that damage was extended to this brain area by the combined treatment. Mice receiving MPTP preceded by DDC also demonstrated a more profound, but reversible, catalepsy and akinesia compared to those receiving MPTP alone. Systemically administered MPP+ decreased heart norepinephrine, but did not alter the striatal levels of dopamine or GFAP, and pretreatment with DDC did not alter these effects, but did increase lethality. DDC is known to increase brain levels of MPP+ after MPTP, but our data indicate that this is not due to a movement of peripherally generated MPP+ into CNS. In cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells, MPP+ (300-mu-M) slightly decreased catecholamine levels, but had no effect on tyrosine hydroxylase activity or cellular protein. However, the incubation of these cells with both MPP+ and DDC (1.5 or 3.0 mM) caused large decreases in all indicators of cell viability. The enhancement of MPP+ neurotoxicity by DDC in an in vitro system, where distributional factors are limited, raises the possibility that mechanisms in addition to altered kinetics may account for DDC-induced potentiation of MPTP neurotoxicity in vivo. C1 WELLCOME RES LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 62 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03784.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FX907 UT WOS:A1991FX90700024 PM 1649252 ER PT J AU NOVELLO, DP AF NOVELLO, DP TI THE NEW CLEAN-AIR ACT OPERATING PERMIT PROGRAM - EPAS PROPOSED REGULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments added a new Title V to the Act which establishes an operating permit program for numerous sources of air pollution. Certain sources are currently required to obtain a construction or "new source review" permit; the 1990 Amendments will require many more sources to apply for a permit which will give them permission to operate. CAA Title V was modeled on the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit provisions of the Clean Water Act, but there are important differences between the two statutes. Although many states already have their own operating permit programs, by late 1993 every state must establish a program that meets the requirements of Title V and EPA's implementing regulations. EPA recently proposed these regulations, and by the statutory deadline of November 15, 1991 hopes to issue final regulations establishing the minimum elements of state operating permit programs. These regulations will significantly affect implementation of air pollution measures for years to come because a Title V operating permit will have to assure compliance with all applicable CAA requirements. In addition, permitted sources will be required to pay fees to cover the costs of the permit program. RP NOVELLO, DP (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1038 EP 1044 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB323 UT WOS:A1991GB32300002 ER PT J AU RUSSWURM, GM KAGANN, RH SIMPSON, OA MCCLENNY, WA HERGET, WF AF RUSSWURM, GM KAGANN, RH SIMPSON, OA MCCLENNY, WA HERGET, WF TI LONG-PATH FTIR MEASUREMENTS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AN INDUSTRIAL-SETTING SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A long-path Fourier transform spectrometer was used to make measurements of volatile organic compounds in an industrial complex in New Castle, Delaware as part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. These data are compared to data taken with a whole-air canister technique. To provide an effective comparison the canisters were transported along the path for a 32-min period. For each FTIR spectrum, 256 interferograms were co-added over a 4-min period. Eight individual spectra were than co-added to obtain the comparison data. C1 MDA SCI INC,NORCROSS,GA 30071. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NICOLET,MADISON,WI 53711. RP RUSSWURM, GM (reprint author), NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1062 EP 1066 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB323 UT WOS:A1991GB32300005 ER PT J AU PAU, JC KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR AF PAU, JC KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR TI A TEDLAR BAG SAMPLING SYSTEM FOR TOXIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN SOURCE EMISSION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note RP PAU, JC (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1095 EP 1097 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB323 UT WOS:A1991GB32300010 ER PT J AU HARTEN, TM LICIS, IJ AF HARTEN, TM LICIS, IJ TI WASTE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY EVALUATIONS OF THE UNITED-STATES EPA WRITE PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation (WRITE) Program was established in 1989 to provide objective, accurate performance and cost data about waste reducing technologies for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory conducts the Program's full- or pilot-scale technology evaluations cooperatively with six states and one local government. In WRITE's second year, four evaluations had been completed and 10 other active projects were to be completed within several months. In this paper, results are summarized for completed projects and descriptions provided for the technologies and test designs of the active projects. The projects emphasize waste reducing modifications for metal finishing, electronics manufacturing, transportation, solvent cleaning and stripping, and printing and publishing operations. The 35 technology evaluations planned for the full life of the Program and subsequent technology transfer activities are intended to speed the early introduction of cleaner, pollution preventing technologies. RP HARTEN, TM (reprint author), US EPA,POLLUT PREVENT RES BRANCH,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,PROC ENGN SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1122 EP 1129 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB323 UT WOS:A1991GB32300013 ER PT J AU TERRILL, JB ROBINSON, M WOLFE, GW BILLUPS, LH AF TERRILL, JB ROBINSON, M WOLFE, GW BILLUPS, LH TI THE SUBACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY OF 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB 1,3-Dichloropropane (DCP) was administered by gavage for 14 and 90 days to male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats (10/sex/group). In the 14-day study using dose levels of 200, 600, and 1800 mg/kg/day, all high-dose group animals died, and none died in the other two treatment groups. Other signs associated with treatment in high-dose animals included languid behavior, salivation (also seen in middose group animals), dyspnea, and prostration. No differences were found between animals in the low-dose or middose groups compared to the control animals for body weight, food consumption, hematology, and gross postmortem and histopathology data. Total protein and albumin blood levels were increased for low-dose and middose females, and middose females, respectively. The clinical chemistry findings appeared to be treatment-related, since they were accompanied by significantly increased liver weights (absolute and relative; both sexes of middose animals) and kidney weights (absolute and relative; middose males). The dose levels used in the 90-day study, chosen on the results of the 14-day study, were 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg/day. All animals survived to termination. Males in the high-dose group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, whereas females in this group exhibited urine-stained fur. No treatment-related effects were found in food consumption or hematology data. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (males only), albumin, and total protein for high-dose group animals were increased. These findings were accompanied by increases in liver weight for low-dose (females only), middose, and high-dose animals and kidney weights for middose and high-dose group animals. Microscopic evaluations revealed centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy for the high-dose group animals and an exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy for middose (males only) and high-dose animals. The organ weight, microscopic lesions, and clinical chemistry results together support the conclusion that both hepatic and renal toxicologic effects were produced by the high dose. At the middose, there were essentially no hepatic lesions and a minimal exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy in males. However, the organ weight results for both liver and kidney demonstrated patterns related to dosage. In the low-dose animals, no signs associated with treatment were evidenced, except for the increased liver weight for females. Comparison of the effects in this study with DCP to the chemical analog 1,2-dichloropropane revealed that the two compounds have different target organs. The latter toxicant produces hematopoietic and splenic effects. C1 HAZLETON WASHINGTON INC,9200 LEESBURG PIKE,VIENNA,VA 22182. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GN782 UT WOS:A1991GN78200002 ER PT J AU HAYNIE, FH STILES, DC AF HAYNIE, FH STILES, DC TI EVALUATION OF AN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RATE MONITOR AS A TIME-OF-WETNESS METER SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB An atmospheric corrosion rate monitor with an improved design polarization resistance-type sensor was evaluated as a time-of-wetness meter. A year of hourly average sensor data was correlated with simultaneously collected environmental data at a site in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Sensor responses to wetness are reproducible between sensors and sensitive enough to detect significant environmental changes. RP HAYNIE, FH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 30 IS 8 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA GC141 UT WOS:A1991GC14100012 ER PT J AU MOORE, MM HARRINGTONBROCK, K PARKER, L DOERR, CL HOZIER, JC AF MOORE, MM HARRINGTONBROCK, K PARKER, L DOERR, CL HOZIER, JC TI GENOTOXICITY OF 2-AMINO-6-N-HYDROXYADENINE (AHA) TO MOUSE LYMPHOMA AND CHO CELLS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 2-AMINO-6-N-HYDROXYADENINE; AHA, GENE MUTATION; CLASTOGENICITY ID RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; TK-/ MUTANTS; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; SISTER CHROMATIDS; THYMIDINE KINASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUTAGENICITY; ASSAY; CLASTOGENICITY AB 2-Amino-6-N-hydroxyadenine (AHA) treated L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells were evaluated for mutations at the tk, hgprt, and Na+/K+ ATPase loci, as well as for gross chromosome aberrations and induction of micronuclei. In addition, AHA was evaluated for its ability to induce HGPRT mutants in CHO cells. AHA was found to induce mutations at all evaluated loci and in both cell types. The TK mutants were primarily large colonies although a few small colonies were also induced, particularly at the higher concentrations. Preliminary cytogenetic analysis of AHA-treated mouse lymphoma cells indicated that some gross aberrations but not micronuclei were induced. The 20 small-colony TK mutants evaluated by banded karyotype indicate that only a small fraction (2 of 20) showed chromosome 11 abnormalities. From these studies, it appears that AHA may be one of a very few chemicals that is capable of inducing multi-locus point mutations, with only slight clastogenic activity. Particularly at the higher concentrations, some of the mutants may contain multi-locus point mutations that result in slow growth. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,MED GENET LAB,MELBOURNE,FL 32901. RP MOORE, MM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD AUG PY 1991 VL 253 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90346-A PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GB862 UT WOS:A1991GB86200008 PM 1651446 ER PT J AU QUEST, JA HAMERNIK, KL ENGLER, R BURNAM, WL FENNERCRISP, PA AF QUEST, JA HAMERNIK, KL ENGLER, R BURNAM, WL FENNERCRISP, PA TI EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF PESTICIDES SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article RP QUEST, JA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90047-Y PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FX969 UT WOS:A1991FX96900002 PM 1947243 ER PT J AU LI, AP AARON, CS AULETTA, AE DEARFIELD, KL RIDDLE, JC SLESINSKI, RS STANKOWSKI, LF AF LI, AP AARON, CS AULETTA, AE DEARFIELD, KL RIDDLE, JC SLESINSKI, RS STANKOWSKI, LF TI AN EVALUATION OF THE ROLES OF MAMMALIAN-CELL MUTATION ASSAYS IN THE TESTING OF CHEMICAL GENOTOXICITY SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; GENE-TOX-PROGRAM; TERM TEST INFORMATION; TK-/ MUTANTS; MOLECULAR ANALYSES; AS52 CELLS; QUANTITATION; CARCINOGENICITY; MUTAGENICITY C1 UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BF GOODRICH CO,BRECKSVILLE,OH 44141. TECN ASSESSMENT SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. PHARMAKON RES INT INC,WAVERLY,PA 18471. RP LI, AP (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,S2F,800 N LINDBERGH BLVD,ST LOUIS,MO 63167, USA. OI Li, Albert/0000-0001-5772-6265 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90049-2 PG 17 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FX969 UT WOS:A1991FX96900004 PM 1947242 ER PT J AU RYAN, LM CATALANO, PJ KIMMEL, CA KIMMEL, GL AF RYAN, LM CATALANO, PJ KIMMEL, CA KIMMEL, GL TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FETAL WEIGHT AND MALFORMATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL; MICE; RATS; OSSIFICATION AB Exposure to developmental toxicants may cause fetal malformations, increase prenatal death rates and reduce fetal weight at term. However, there has been little formal study of the relationship among these effects. Certainly, no statistical methods are currently available to jointly analyze these effects of exposure. As a preliminary step in developing such methods, simple exploratory analyses were conducted using a series of ten studies conducted for the National Toxicology Program. Because fetal weight and malformation status were both reported for all live fetuses, the data permitted an exploration of the correlation between these two outcomes. The data show a clear pattern wherein malformed fetuses tended to be lighter at term than nonmalformed fetuses. While these patterns cannot be used to draw inferences regarding the biological relationship between fetal weight and malformation, they do suggest the potential value in developing statistical models for the joint effect of exposure on fetal weight and malformations. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA48061] NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD AUG PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1002/tera.1420440210 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA GA556 UT WOS:A1991GA55600009 PM 1925981 ER PT J AU PULS, RW POWELL, RM CLARK, D ELDRED, CJ AF PULS, RW POWELL, RM CLARK, D ELDRED, CJ TI EFFECTS OF PH, SOLID-SOLUTION RATIO, IONIC-STRENGTH, AND ORGANIC-ACIDS ON PB AND CD SORPTION ON KAOLINITE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METALS IN SOILS, WATERS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1990 CL ORLANDO, FL SP US DOE, SAVANNAH RIV OPERAT OFF ID ADSORPTION; COPPER; CADMIUM; LEAD; POLLUTANTS; SURFACE; SOILS AB Potentiometric and ion-selective electrode titrations together with batch sorption/desorption experiments, were performed to explain the aqueous and surface complexation reactions between kaolinite, Pb, Cd and three organic acids. Variables included pH, ionic strength, metal concentration, kaolinite concentration and time. The organic acids used were phydroxybenzoic acid, o-toluic acid, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Titrations were used derive previously unavailable aqueous conditional stability constants for the organometallic complexes. Batch results showed that aqueous lead-organic complexation reduced sorption of Pb by kaolinite. Cadmium behavior was similar, except for 2,4-dinitrophenol, where Cd sorption was increased. Metal sorption increased with increasing pH and decreasing ionic strength. Distribution ratios (K(d's)) decreased with increasing solid/solution ratio. The subsurface transport of lead and cadmium may be enhanced via complex interactions with organic wastes or their degradation products and sorbent mineral surfaces. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ADA,OK 74820. RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 26 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57-8 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1007/BF00282905 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA GP121 UT WOS:A1991GP12100044 ER PT J AU REDDEL, RR HSU, IC MASS, MJ HUKKU, B GERWIN, BI SALGHETTI, SE SOMERS, ANA GALATI, AJ GUNNING, WT HARRIS, CC STONER, GD AF REDDEL, RR HSU, IC MASS, MJ HUKKU, B GERWIN, BI SALGHETTI, SE SOMERS, ANA GALATI, AJ GUNNING, WT HARRIS, CC STONER, GD TI A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL STRAIN WITH UNUSUAL INVITRO GROWTH-POTENTIAL WHICH UNDERGOES NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION AFTER SV40 T-ANTIGEN GENE TRANSFECTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN-VIRUS 40; SQUAMOUS DIFFERENTIATION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLONED CDNA; RAS GENE; C-MYC; LINE; CARCINOMA AB Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured from an individual with no evidence of malignant disease. These cells, designated HB56B, had a greatly extended in vitro life-span, being able to undergo 50 passages and 200 population doublings in contrast to the usual 3 to 4 passages and 20 to 30 population doublings characteristic of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. HB56B cells had karyotypic evidence of an amplified region on the short arm of chromosome 11. Unlike normal bronchial epithelial cells, which undergo terminal squamous differentiation in vitro in response to fetal bovine serum, HB56B cells were only minimally affected by serum. These cells were readily established as an immortalized cell line, HB56B/5T, following transfection with a plasmid containing SV40 early region DNA. HB56B cells were non-tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, but HB56B/5T cells within a few passages of transfection with the SV40 plasmid formed tumors of which 28/37 regressed. HB56B cells may offer an experimental system for the study of proliferation, differentiation, and senescence control in human bronchial epithelial cells. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,3000 ARLINGTON AVE,TOLEDO,OH 43699. CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,CELL CULTURE LAB,DETROIT,MI 48201. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CHILDRENS MED RES FDN,CAMPERDOWN,NSW 2050,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RI Gunning, William/E-4681-2010; Reddel, Roger/A-6635-2014 OI Reddel, Roger/0000-0002-6302-6107 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28950, N01-CP-21017] NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 9 PY 1991 VL 48 IS 5 BP 764 EP 773 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910480522 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FX549 UT WOS:A1991FX54900021 PM 1712759 ER PT J AU DRISCOLL, JN MARSHALL, JK WOOD, C SPITTLER, T AF DRISCOLL, JN MARSHALL, JK WOOD, C SPITTLER, T TI A MULTIFUNCTIONAL PORTABLE X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF HEAVY-METALS AND RADIOACTIVITY AT MIXED WASTE SITES SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB A protable XRF analyzer is described that meets the current need for rapid on-site analysis of metals in soil or hazardous waste sites. C1 US EPA,LEXINGTON,MA. RP DRISCOLL, JN (reprint author), HNU SYST INC,NEWTON,MA, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 23 IS 11 BP 25 EP & PG 0 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA FV287 UT WOS:A1991FV28700007 ER PT J AU KEEFE, MJ BENNETT, WD DEWITT, P SEAL, E STRONG, AA GERRITY, TR AF KEEFE, MJ BENNETT, WD DEWITT, P SEAL, E STRONG, AA GERRITY, TR TI THE EFFECT OF OZONE EXPOSURE ON THE DISPERSION OF INHALED AEROSOL BOLUSES IN HEALTHY-HUMAN SUBJECTS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SMALL AIRWAYS; PERIPHERAL AIRWAYS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; LUNG PERIPHERY; AMBIENT LEVELS; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; PATHOLOGY; PARTICLES; EXERCISE AB Acute exposure of humans to low levels of ozone are known to cause decreases in FVC and increases in SRaw. These alterations in lung function do not, however, elucidate the potential for acute small airway responses. In this study we employed a test of aerosol dispersion to examine the potential effects of ozone on small airways in humans. Twenty-two healthy nonsmoking male volunteers were exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for 1 h while exercising at 20 L/min/m2 body surface area. Before and immediately after exposure, tests of spirometry (FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75) and piethysmography (Raw and SRaw) were performed. Subjects also performed an aerosol dispersion test before and after exposure. Each test involved a subject inhaling five to seven breaths of a 300-ml bolus of a 0.5-mu-m triphenyl phosphate aerosol injected into a 2-L tidal volume. The bolus was injected into the tidal breath at three different depths: at Depth A the bolus was injected after 1.6 L of clean air were inhaled from FRC, at Depth B after 1.2 L, and at Depth C after 1.2 L but with inhalation beginning from RV. The primary measure of bolus dispersion was the expired half-width (HW). Secondary measures were the ratio (expressed as percent) of peak exhaled aerosol concentration to peak inhaled concentration (PR), shift in the median bolus volume between inspiration and expiration (VS), and percent of total aerosol recovered (RC). Changes in pulmonary function after ozone exposure were consistent with previous findings. When corrected for exercise, FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 all significantly declined (p < 0.001, p < 0.002, and p < 0.03, respectively), with nonsignificant increases in Raw and SRaw. HW significantly increased after ozone exposure relative to air exposure at all depths (17 ml p < 0.05 at Depth A, 56 ml p < 0.001 at Depth B, and 53 ml p < 0.005 at Depth C). Of the other dispersion measures, PR and PC decreased significantly only at Depth B (-4.9%, p < 0.001 and -3.9% p < 0.05, respectively). HW was only weakly correlated with spirometric measures, accounting for less than 25% of the variance. Half-width was not correlated with Raw or SRaw. We conclude that the changes in aerosol dispersion seen with ozone exposure are related to changes in turbulent mixing and/or regional time constants in the small airways, thus suggesting a possible ozone effect in that region of the lung. C1 US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH MD-58,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 144 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA FW296 UT WOS:A1991FW29600006 PM 2064132 ER PT J AU ZARANSKI, MT PATTON, GW MCCONNELL, LL BIDLEMAN, TF MULIK, JD AF ZARANSKI, MT PATTON, GW MCCONNELL, LL BIDLEMAN, TF MULIK, JD TI COLLECTION OF NONPOLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM AMBIENT AIR USING POLYURETHANE FOAM GRANULAR ADSORBENT SANDWICH CARTRIDGES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RETENTION VOLUME BEHAVIOR; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; URBAN AIR; TENAX-GC; GAS; EFFICIENCIES; SAMPLER; RESIN AB Glass cartridges containing 6-10 g of Tenax-GC or 15 g of XAD-2 resin packed between two slices of polyurethane foam (PUF) were used in a General Metal Works PS-1 high-volume sampler to collect chlorobenzenes (CBs) containing three to six chlorine atoms, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons from 35-385 m3 of air. Laboratory experiments were run by vaporizing known quantities of analytes into a clean airstream for sampling by the PS-1 system at 20-degrees-C. Collection efficiencies, determined from mass balance of the quantities introduced and recovered, ranged from 70 to 120% for individual compounds and averaged 93% overall. Penetration of analytes to backup adsorbent traps showed an inverse correlation to vapor pressure. The method was used to collect the above compounds from urban and rural air. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,MARINE SCI PROGRAM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV S CAROLINA,BELLE W BARUCH INST MARINE BIOL & COASTAL RES,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 13 BP 1228 EP 1232 DI 10.1021/ac00013a009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FV113 UT WOS:A1991FV11300011 PM 1716860 ER PT J AU SLIVON, LE BAUER, MR HO, JS BUDDE, WL AF SLIVON, LE BAUER, MR HO, JS BUDDE, WL TI HELIUM-PURGED HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE MASS-SPECTROMETER INTERFACE FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FERMENTATION; PROBE; PERVAPORATION; SYSTEMS; LIQUID AB A hollow fiber membrane flow cell interface for mass spectrometry is described. The interior of a silicone rubber hollow fiber membrane is continuously purged with helium while aqueous sample flows continuously over the exterior membrane surface. The helium purge improves permeant transport from the follow fiber interior to the ion source of the mass spectrometer, resulting in decreased response time and sub parts per billion sensitivity for selected volatile organic compounds in drinking water. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SUPPORT LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SLIVON, LE (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,HLTH & ENVIRONM GRP,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 13 BP 1335 EP 1340 DI 10.1021/ac00013a030 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FV113 UT WOS:A1991FV11300032 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, MS MONTGOMERY, SO CUSKEY, SM CHAPMAN, PJ PRITCHARD, PH AF SHIELDS, MS MONTGOMERY, SO CUSKEY, SM CHAPMAN, PJ PRITCHARD, PH TI MUTANTS OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA G4 DEFECTIVE IN CATABOLISM OF AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; PUTIDA F1; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; TOLUENE DIOXYGENASE; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; PHENOL; MICROORGANISMS; BIODEGRADATION AB Pseudomonas cepacia G4 possesses a novel pathway of toluene catabolism that is shown to be responsible for the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE). This pathway involves conversion of toluene via omicron-cresol to 3-methylcatechol. In order to determine the enzyme of toluene degradation that is responsible for TCE degradation, chemically induced mutants, blocked in the toluene ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) pathway of G4, were examined. Mutants of the phenotypic class designated TOM A- were all defective in their ability to oxidize toluene, omicron-cresol, m-cresol and phenol, suggesting that a single enzyme is responsible for conversion of these compounds to their hydroxylated products (3-methylcatechol from toluene, omicron-cresol, and m-cresol and catechol from phenol) in the wild type. Mutants of this class did not degrade TCE. Two other mutant classes which were blocked in toluene catabolism, TOM B-, which lacked catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, and TOM C-, which lacked 2-hydroxy-6-oxoheptadienoic acid hydrolase activity, were fully capable of TCE degradation. Therefore, TCE degradation is directly associated with the monooxygenation capability responsible for toluene, cresol, and phenol hydroxylation. C1 US EPA,RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP SHIELDS, MS (reprint author), TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 34 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1935 EP 1941 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FV547 UT WOS:A1991FV54700010 PM 1892384 ER PT J AU MILLS, LJ ROBSON, DL MALCOLM, AR AF MILLS, LJ ROBSON, DL MALCOLM, AR TI INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF ALDRIN, CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 2,4-DIAMINOTOLUENE AND 2 PHORBOL ESTERS ON METABOLIC COOPERATION BETWEEN V79 CELLS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; HAMSTER LUNG FIBROBLASTS; BALB/C 3T3 CELLS; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; TUMOR PROMOTER; INDUCED-INHIBITION; MYRISTATE ACETATE; CAMP; ASSAY AB The in vitro V79/metabolic cooperation assay measures the extent of gap-junctional transfer of metabolites from wild-type to mutant V79 cells. The assay is currently being explored as a short-term test to screen for tumor promoting chemicals, many of which inhibit metabolic cooperation. In this study, the assay was used to determine whether chemical interactions affect detection of tumor promoters in mixtures and to investigate types of interactions that may occur between chemicals. Several two-chemical mixtures were examined. The effects of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, two inhibitors of metabolic cooperation that operate through the same receptor-mediated pathway, were additive at concentrations below the maximally effective concentrations of either. A summation effect was observed in mixtures of two other inhibitors of metabolic cooperation, the pesticide aldrin and the principal metabolite of sodium cyclamate, cyclohexylamine. Synergistic effects were noted when PMA was combined with either aldrin or cyclohexylamine, demonstrating that chemicals in a mixture may yield a much stronger response than expected based on individual chemical exposures. Interactions were also examined between PMA, aldrin, cyclohexylamine and 2,4-diaminotoluene, a chemical that appears to enhance metabolic cooperation. 2,4-Diaminotoluene reversed effects of all inhibiting chemicals to some extent, although the pattern of response was different for each combination. In the most dramatic case, the powerful tumor promoter PMA was completely masked by 2,4-diaminotoluene. These results suggest that the V79/metabolic cooperation assay must be applied with caution in mixture testing because detection of tumor promoting chemicals can depend on other chemicals present. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP MILLS, LJ (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 1991 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.7.1293 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FW434 UT WOS:A1991FW43400024 PM 2070495 ER PT J AU AULETTA, AE FARROW, MG AF AULETTA, AE FARROW, MG TI 1986 SURVEY OF GENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTING IN INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT CONTRACT, AND ACADEMIC LABORATORIES SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Results of the 1986 Genetic Toxicology Association's survey of industrial, government, contract, and academic laboratories on the status of several assays in genetic toxicology are presented below. 1. The most commonly used assay was the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsomal (Ames) assay, which was used by 83% of all respondents. 2. The next five (5) most commonly used assays were in vitro cytogenetics (72%), in vivo cytogenetics (59%), CHO HGPRT gene mutation (55%), the micronucleus assay (53%), and L517BY gene mutation (45%). 3. The assay showing the greatest percentage increase in routine use was the micronucleus assay which went from 14% in 1984 to 34% in 1986, an increase of 20%. 4. Other assays which increased in routine use were CHO HGPRT mutation (+18%); in vitro cytogenetics (+14%); L5178Y gene mutation (+9%), and the Ames assay (+5%). 5. Routine use of in vitro UDS assays declined by 6%; use of in vitro SCE assays declined by 12%. 6. There was no change in the rate of routine use of in vivo cytogenetics or in vivo SCE assays. 7. Assays routinely performed on contract included the Salmonella assay, CHO HGPRT gene mutation, in vitro cytogenetics, in vitro UDS, in vivo cytogenetics, the micronucleus assay, L5178Y gene mutation, and the Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay. 8. Four assays were being developed by five or more laboratories. These included in vitro SCE (8); the micronucleus assay (7); in vivo SCE (6); and DNA adduct formation (5). 9. A total of 17 assays had been abandoned by one or more laboratories. However, since no assay had been given up by more than three laboratories no conclusions can be drawn about the overall robustness of any of the assays on the survey form. C1 SRS INT,1625 K ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 281 EP 306 PG 26 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA GE204 UT WOS:A1991GE20400007 PM 1933518 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, HS ESANCY, MK ESANCY, JF CLAXTON, LD AF FREEMAN, HS ESANCY, MK ESANCY, JF CLAXTON, LD TI COLOR YES - CANCER NO SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article ID MUTAGENIC AZO DYES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CARCINOGENS; DYESTUFFS; DESIGN C1 CENT PIEDMONT COMMUNITY COLL,CHARLOTTE,NC. SANDOZ CHEM CORP,CHARLOTTE,NC. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP FREEMAN, HS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT TEXT ENGN CHEM & SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD JUL PY 1991 VL 21 IS 7 BP 438 EP 445 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA FW944 UT WOS:A1991FW94400013 ER PT J AU HOOGENBOOM, ER RANSDELL, JF ELLIS, WG KAVLOCK, RJ ZEMAN, FJ AF HOOGENBOOM, ER RANSDELL, JF ELLIS, WG KAVLOCK, RJ ZEMAN, FJ TI EFFECTS ON THE FETAL-RAT EYE OF MATERNAL BENOMYL EXPOSURE AND PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RETINAL DYSPLASIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; OCULAR DEFECTS; MOUSE EYE; CHICK EYE; LENS; MORPHOGENESIS; CATARACT AB Benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, produced ocular and craniocerebral malformations in fetal rats when administered to the dams by gavage in a dose of 62.4 mg/kg of maternal body weight/day on days 7-21 of gestation. Ocular anomalies included retinal dysplasia, cataracts, microphthalmia, and anophthalmia. These anomalies occurred in 43.3% of fetuses exposed to benomyl and a normal protein diet but increased to 62.5% when benomyl administration was combined with a protein deficient (8% casein) diet. Microscopic examination of the malformed eyes revealed that the most common abnormality, retinal dysplasia, consisted of rosettes of retinal cells and retinal infolding. The majority of rosettes had a single layer and a limiting membrane. Rosettes with two or three layers were also observed, particularly in fetuses exposed both to protein deficiency and benomyl. Although anophthalmia was identified macroscopically in five fetuses, only a single instance of true anophthalmia was found microscopically. These data support the results of previous investigators that benomyl induces ocular malformation and that protein deficiency enhances the teratogenic effects of benomyl. The disorderly proliferation of retinal cells and rosette formation resembled the periventricular cell masses that accumulate in brains exposed to benomyl and certain other teratogenic agents. The anti-tubulin action of benomyl is known to impair microtubule formation and it may produce brain and ocular malformations by disruption of neuronal proliferation and migration. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.3109/02713689109013852 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA FZ295 UT WOS:A1991FZ29500003 PM 1914497 ER PT J AU LEWIS, DL GATTIE, DK AF LEWIS, DL GATTIE, DK TI PREDICTING CHEMICAL CONCENTRATION EFFECTS ON TRANSFORMATION RATES OF DISSOLVED ORGANICS BY COMPLEX MICROBIAL ASSEMBLAGES SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON METABOLISM; MULTIPHASIC KINETICS; BIODEGRADATION; GROWTH; MINERALIZATION; COMMUNITIES; BACTERIA; WATERS; MODEL AB Microbial transformation rate data and theoretical considerations were analyzed for selected organic chemicals with respect to the general utility of mathematical models for predicting microbial transformation rates for risk assessment and regulatory purposes. By recognizing the unique problems associated with predicting microbial transformation rates within specific substrate concentration ranges, [S], the research, development, and testing of predictive mathematical models for environmental exposure assessment can be better focused. Lacking site-specific data, such an approach may yield useful interim models to meet our current needs as our understanding of environmental processes continues towards developing models more capable of accurately predicting microbial transformation rates over broader ranges of conditions. One range of [S] considered for separate treatment was a sub-maintenance range (less-than-or-equal-to 0.05-mu-M), where microbial transformation rates may depart from pseudo-first-order kinetics (first-order in [S] with constant biomass) as a result of an insufficient substrate concentration for cell biomass maintenance. In another range of [S] considered for separate treatment, the toxic range (greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mM), organic substrates may be sufficiently toxic to the general metabolic activities of the organism transforming the substrate that transformation rates do not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Without site-specific data, microbial transformation rates in these ranges of [S] should probably either be disregarded or assumed to occur at the maximum possible rate, depending, respectively, on whether the environmental concern lies in the disappearance of a toxic parent compound or in the formation of a toxic metabolite. Between these ranges lies an area characterized by multisystem kinetics, a region of [S] where microbial transformation rates appear to be reasonably predictable, albeit at a wide range of rates depending on the particular microorganisms dominating the transformation process, their concentrations, and the associated environmental conditions. For this region of [S], we suggest that there are important considerations to be made whenever a set of apparent kinetic parameters determined by conventional plots of kinetics data at low [S] are used to predict microbial transformation rates at much higher [S], and vice versa. To accommodate the possible effects of multiple systems operating over a wide range of [S], either the Michaelis-Menten equation with K(m) and V(max) values experimentally determined at moderately high [S] (approximately 0.1-1 mM), or an empirical equation for extrapolating pseudo-first-order transformation rate coefficients and half-life values to higher ranges of [S], should be used. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP LEWIS, DL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90062-6 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GF189 UT WOS:A1991GF18900002 ER PT J AU WALSH, GE WEBER, DE NGUYEN, MT ESRY, LK AF WALSH, GE WEBER, DE NGUYEN, MT ESRY, LK TI RESPONSES OF WETLAND PLANTS TO EFFLUENTS IN WATER AND SEDIMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; EMERGENCE; CHEMICALS AB Responses of two wetland vascular plants, Echinochloa crusgalli and Sesbania macrocarpa, exposed to effluents from a coke plant, a pulp mill and a wastewater treatment plant were measured in three types of tests: seed germination and early growth, seedling survival and growth in hydroponic culture, and seedling survival and growth in sand and synthetic sediments with sand, clay, silt and 3, 5, 7.5 or 10% organic content. There was no effect of effluents on germination. Growth rates were reduced significantly in all tests except for E. crusgalli exposed in sediment to effluent from a wastewater treatment plant; the effluent stimulated growth. Increasing concentrations of organic matter in sediments had little effect on toxicity of effluents. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90060-2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GB342 UT WOS:A1991GB34200012 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, P AF SCHROEDER, P TI CAN INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT INCREASE CARBON STORAGE IN FORESTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE CHANGE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; DOUGLAS-FIR; LOBLOLLY PINE ID PLANTATIONS; BIOMASS AB A possible response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is to attempt to increase the amount of carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation. One approach to increasing the size of the terrestrial carbon sink is to increase the growth of forests by utilizing intensive forest management practices. This article uses data from the literature and from forest growth and yield models to analyze the impact of three management practices on carbon storage: thinning, fertilization, and control of competing vegetation. Using Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) as example species, results from experiments with computer simulation models suggest that, for these two species, thinning generally does not increase carbon storage and may actually cause a decrease. The exception is thinning of very dense young stands. Fertilization generally increases carbon storage, although the response can be quite variable. The largest gains in carbon storge are likely to come from fertilizing lower-quality sites and from fertilizing thinned or less dense stands. Forests usually show increased growth in response to fertilization over a wide range of ages. Simulation of the growth of loblolly pine indicates that controlling competing vegetation at an early age helps to maximize stand growth and carbon storage. RP SCHROEDER, P (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1007/BF02394738 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GB505 UT WOS:A1991GB50500003 ER PT J AU BERTINO, DJ ZEPP, RG AF BERTINO, DJ ZEPP, RG TI EFFECTS OF SOLAR-RADIATION ON MANGANESE OXIDE REACTIONS WITH SELECTED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION; FULVIC-ACID; OXIDATION; DISSOLUTION; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; SUNLIGHT AB The effects of sunlight on aqueous redox reactions between manganese oxides (MnO(x)) and selected organic substances are reported. No sunlight-induced rate enhancement was observed for the MnO(x) oxidation of substituted phenols, anisole, o-dichlorobenzene, or p-chloroaniline. On the other hand, solar radiation did accelerate the reduction of manganese oxides by dissolved organic matter (DOM) from aquatic environments. The photoreduction of MnO(x) by DOM was little affected by molecular oxygen in air-saturated water (250-mu-M), but was inhibited by 2,6-dichloroindophenol (0.5-6-mu-M), an excellent electron acceptor. MnO(x) reduction also was photosensitized by anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. These results indicate that the photoreduction probably involves electron transfer from excited states of sorbed DOM to the oxide surface. Wavelength studies indicated that ultraviolet-B radiation (280-320 nm) plays an important role in this photoreduction. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.1021/es00019a006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FU945 UT WOS:A1991FU94500014 ER PT J AU HAYASE, K ZEPP, RG AF HAYASE, K ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOLYSIS OF COPPER(II)-AMINO ACID COMPLEXES IN WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER-COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HEAVY-METALS; POLLUTANTS; TOXICITY; RADICALS; SURFACE AB Kinetics of the photolysis of Cu2+-amino acid complexes were investigated under sunlight or monochromatic radiation. Under sunlight (latitude 40-degrees-N) in the absence of dioxygen, the mean half-lives estimated for the photoreduction of the bis-Cu2+ complexes (CuL2) at pH 8.0 and 25-degrees-C were 0.55, 1.6, 8.6, 8.8, 45, and 71 days for L = tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), beta-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and histidine, respectively. Under monochromatic UV irradiation (310 nm) with dioxygen absent, quantum yields for the photoproduction of Cu(I) from CuL2 were found to be 0.071, 0.098, 0.063, 0.066, 0.025, and 0.0011 for L = Tris, beta-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-histidine, respectively. The effects of pH on the quantum yields were determined for Cu2+-beta-alanine and Cu2+-Tris complexes. Decreases in quantum yields observed with increasing acidity were attributed to changes in speciation from predominantly CuL2 to less photoreactive complexes, mainly CuL and Cu2+. In air-saturated solutions, rates and quantum yields for Cu(I) formation were sharply reduced and hydrogen peroxide was formed. Results of the study suggest that photoreactions of Cu2+ coordination complexes may contribute to its toxicity to aquatic biota. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.1021/es00019a007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FU945 UT WOS:A1991FU94500015 ER PT J AU TEPPER, JS WIESTER, MJ WEBER, MF FITZGERALD, S COSTA, DL AF TEPPER, JS WIESTER, MJ WEBER, MF FITZGERALD, S COSTA, DL TI CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A SIMULATED URBAN PROFILE OF OZONE ALTERS VENTILATORY RESPONSES TO CARBON-DIOXIDE CHALLENGE IN RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AWAKE RATS; PPM OZONE; PATTERNS; INHALATION; EXERCISE; LUNG C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP TEPPER, JS (reprint author), MAN TECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90238-Y PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FV600 UT WOS:A1991FV60000006 PM 1916079 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ SIMMONS, JE LUEBKE, RW ALLIS, JW AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ SIMMONS, JE LUEBKE, RW ALLIS, JW TI IMMUNOTOXICOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF SUBACUTE EXPOSURE OF RATS TO CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE WITH COMPARISON TO HEPATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL GENERATION; SUPPRESSION; HYDROCARBONS; LYMPHOCYTES RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90250-8 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FV600 UT WOS:A1991FV60000018 PM 1833255 ER PT J AU HOZIER, J SCALZI, J SAWYER, J CARLEY, N APPLEGATE, M CLIVE, D MOORE, MM AF HOZIER, J SCALZI, J SAWYER, J CARLEY, N APPLEGATE, M CLIVE, D MOORE, MM TI LOCALIZATION OF THE MOUSE THYMIDINE KINASE GENE TO THE DISTAL PORTION OF CHROMOSOME-11 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Note ID MUS-MUSCULUS CHROMOSOME-11; L5178Y/TK+/ MOUSE; LYMPHOMA-CELLS; ASSAY SYSTEM; MUTAGENESIS; MUTANTS C1 APPL GENET LABS INC,MELBOURNE,FL 32091. BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,DIV PATHOL & TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HOZIER, J (reprint author), FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL SCI,MELBOURNE,FL 32901, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90469-U PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA FQ640 UT WOS:A1991FQ64000040 PM 1889822 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR DOWNS, WC WILSON, JT SMITH, GB KOVACS, DA FINE, DD DOUGLASS, RH HENDRIX, DJ AF HUTCHINS, SR DOWNS, WC WILSON, JT SMITH, GB KOVACS, DA FINE, DD DOUGLASS, RH HENDRIX, DJ TI EFFECT OF NITRATE ADDITION ON BIORESTORATION OF FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER - FIELD DEMONSTRATION SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB A spill of JP-4 jet fuel at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station in Traverse City, Michigan, contaminated a water-table aquifer. An infiltration gallery (30 ft x 30 ft) was installed above a section of the aquifer containing 700 gal JP-4. Purge wells recirculated three million gallons of ground water per week through the infiltration gallery at a rate designed to raise the water table above the contaminated interval. Ground water containing ambient concentrations of oxygen and nitrate was first recirculated for 40 days. Concentrations of benzene in monitoring wells beneath the infiltration gallery were reduced from 760 to < 1-mu-g/l. Concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene were reduced from 4500 to 17, 840 to 44, 2600 to 490, and 1400 to 260-mu-g/l, respectively. Average core concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene were reduced from 0.84 to 0.032, 33 to 0.13, 18 to 0.36, 58 to 7.4, and 26 to 3.2 mg/kg, respectively. Ground water amended with nitrate (10 mg/l nitrate-nitrogen) and nutrients was then recirculated for 76 days. Final core concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene were 0.017, 0.036, 0.019, 0.059, and 0.27 mg/kg, respectively. Final aqueous concentrations were < 1-mu-g/l for benzene and toluene, 6-mu-g/l for ethylbenzene, and 20 to 40-mu-g/l for the xylene isomers, in good agreement with predicted values based on residual fuel content and partitioning theory. Although alkylbenzene concentrations have been substatially reduced, the test plot is still contaminated with the weathered fuel. Based on stoichiometry, approximately 10 times more nitrate was consumed than could be accounted for by BTX degradation alone, indicating that other compounds were also degraded under denitrifying conditions. C1 TRAVERSE GRP INC,TRAVERSE CITY,MI 49684. SOLAR UNIVERSAL TECHNOL,DIV GROUND WATER REMEDIAT,TRAVERSE CITY,MI 49684. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,NORTHROP SERV INC TECHNOL SERV,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00549.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA FU269 UT WOS:A1991FU26900012 ER PT J AU CLARK, RM GRAYMAN, WM GOODRICH, JA DEININGER, RA HESS, AF AF CLARK, RM GRAYMAN, WM GOODRICH, JA DEININGER, RA HESS, AF TI FIELD-TESTING DISTRIBUTION WATER-QUALITY MODELS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This article briefly reviews an extensive field study by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the North Penn Water Authority, which resulted in the development of a series of models to investigate contaminant propagation in a water distribution system. The application of one such model to the exploration of contaminant movement in the distribution network of Cabool, Mo., is explained. An extension of this work to a large water utility-the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority-is also discussed. RP CLARK, RM (reprint author), US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 83 IS 7 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GA268 UT WOS:A1991GA26800010 ER EF