FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU OTTO, D MURATA, K AF OTTO, D MURATA, K BE Araki, S TI EVOKED POTENTIALS SO NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational and Environmental Health CY 1991 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT LABOUR OFF, INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, WHO RP OTTO, D (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,DIV HLTH STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 BN 0-12-059785-3 PY 1994 BP 975 EP 976 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BB93V UT WOS:A1994BB93V00097 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI THERMOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN THE RAT - LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CHOLINERGIC AND NORADRENERGIC SENSITIVITY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORE TEMPERATURE; HEART RATE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; RADIOTELEMETRY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; NOREPINEPHRINE; SCOPOLAMINE; METHYLSCOPOLAMINE; PROPRANOLOL; OXOTREMORINE ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; BRAIN-AREAS; ADULT-RATS; HYPOTHERMIA; INSECTICIDES; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCE; AGENTS AB Subcutaneous injection of a sublethal dose of chlorpyrifos (CHLP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, causes long-term inhibition in cholinesterase activity (ChE) of brain, blood, and other tissues. Such prolonged inhibition in ChE should lead to marked behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory patterns, especially in terms of altered noradrenergic and cholinergic sensitivity. To evaluate the behavioral and autonomic effects of long-term ChE inhibition, Long-Evans rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters that continuously monitored core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), and motor activity (MA). These parameters were monitored for 7 days following a single injection of peanut oil (vehicle control) or 280 mg/kg CHLP. CHLP led to a significant reduction in Tc during the first night after treatment but had no other effects on Tc. CHLP also resulted in a significant elevation in HR which lasted for similar to 72 h. Motor activity was unaffected by CHLP. Cholinergic and noradrenergic drug sensitivity was assessed between 7 and 25 days after CHLP. CHLP-treated rats were more sensitive to norepinephrine as based on a greater hyperthermic response. MA of CHLP-treated rats was more sensitive to scopolamine. On the other hand, the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine (0.4 mg/kg) were nearly abolished by CHLP treatment, indicating tolerance to cholinergic stimulation. The tachycardic effects of methylscopolamine were also greater in the CHLP group. Overall, the acute effects of CHLP are unusual compared to other OP's in that there is no hypothermic response, an attenuated nocturnal elevation in Tc and a prolonged elevation in HR. The CHLP treated rat exhibits a prolonged elevation in HR, hypersensitivity to noradrenergic stimulation and cholinergic antagonism but hyposensitivity to central cholinergic stimulation. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90002-7 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA MY134 UT WOS:A1994MY13400001 PM 7514260 ER PT B AU KIMM, VJ AF KIMM, VJ BE Weigmann, DL TI PESTICIDE INITIATIVES FOR THE 1990S OPENING ADDRESS SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat C1 US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00001 ER PT B AU MATUSZESKI, W AF MATUSZESKI, W BE Weigmann, DL TI CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM - PARTNERSHIP FOR BASINWIDE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE CHESAPEAKE BAY; PESTICIDES; TOXICS; REDUCTION STRATEGY C1 US EPA,CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM OFF,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00002 ER PT B AU ABDAOUI, FE WEAVER, MJ AF ABDAOUI, FE WEAVER, MJ BE Weigmann, DL TI PESTICIDE USE IN VIRGINIA - RESULTS OF THE 1991 STATEWIDE SURVEYS SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN PESTICIDE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Pesticides: New Directions in Pesticide Research, Development, Management, and Policy CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Natl Inst Water Resources, Off Pesticide Management, Pesticide Control Board, Responsible Ind Sound Environm, Rhone Poulenc Ag Co, USDA, Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg III, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, virginia dept game & Inland Fisheries, Virginia Dept Hlth, Dept Conservat & Recreation, Virginia Dept Environm Qual, Virginia Farm Bur, Virginia Forestry Assoc, Virginia Water Control Board, Water Environm Federat DE PESTICIDE USER SURVEY; VIRGINIA C1 US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER PI BLACKSBURG PA 617 N MAIN ST, BLACKSBURG, VA 24060 PY 1994 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD22Z UT WOS:A1994BD22Z00028 ER PT B AU HALL, RW SOYKA, PA AF HALL, RW SOYKA, PA BE Lee, RG TI United States Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of environmental issues, including potential groundwater contamination, related to nitric acid-based fertilizer production SO NITRIC ACID-BASED FERTILIZERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE IFDC SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitric Acid-Based Fertilizers and the Environment CY JUN 14-18, 1993 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Int Fertilizer Dev Ctr, European Fertilizer Manufacturers Assoc, Int Fertilizer Ind Assoc C1 US EPA,SPECIAL WASTES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT FERTILIZER DEV CTR PI MUSCLE SHOALS PA PO BOX 2040, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 BN 0-88090-108-X J9 IFDC SP PUB PY 1994 VL 21 BP 177 EP 188 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE21H UT WOS:A1994BE21H00019 ER PT B AU HALL, RW AF HALL, RW BE Lee, RG TI Update on the United States phosphate industry regulatory status and its economic impact on international trade SO NITRIC ACID-BASED FERTILIZERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE IFDC SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitric Acid-Based Fertilizers and the Environment CY JUN 14-18, 1993 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Int Fertilizer Dev Ctr, European Fertilizer Manufacturers Assoc, Int Fertilizer Ind Assoc C1 US EPA,SPECIAL WASTES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT FERTILIZER DEV CTR PI MUSCLE SHOALS PA PO BOX 2040, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 BN 0-88090-108-X J9 IFDC SP PUB PY 1994 VL 21 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE21H UT WOS:A1994BE21H00021 ER PT B AU FAIRBROTHER, A AF FAIRBROTHER, A BE Fossi, MC Leonzio, C TI CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY SO NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMARKERS IN VERTEBRATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMARKERS IN VERTEBRATES CY MAY 25-27, 1992 CL UNIV SIENA, SIENA, ITALY SP US DOE, CNR, MONTE PASCHI SIENA, UNIV SIENA HO UNIV SIENA RP FAIRBROTHER, A (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA BOCA RATON BN 0-87371-648-5 PY 1994 BP 63 EP 89 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ35E UT WOS:A1994BZ35E00003 ER PT B AU MILLER, DS BARNES, DM AF MILLER, DS BARNES, DM BE Davey, KG Peter, RE Tobe, SS TI Magnesium-dependent control of protein synthesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes by insulin mimics and insulin SO PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XII International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Int Federat Comparat Endocrinol Soc C1 NATL INST HLTH,NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CELLULAR & MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-15551-6 PY 1994 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BE23R UT WOS:A1994BE23R00068 ER PT J AU HERR, DW KING, D GRIFFIN, VT WATKINSON, WP BOYES, WK ALI, JS DYER, RS AF HERR, DW KING, D GRIFFIN, VT WATKINSON, WP BOYES, WK ALI, JS DYER, RS TI WITHIN-SESSION CHANGES IN PEAK N-160 AMPLITUDE OF FLASH EVOKED-POTENTIALS IN RATS SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE FLASH EVOKED POTENTIAL; FEP; PEAK N160; SENSITIZATION; HABITUATION; AROUSAL ID AFTER-DISCHARGES; FISCHER-344 RATS; HEART-RATE; TOLUENE; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; DISSOCIATION; INTENSITY; N160 AB The negative peak occurring approximately 160 ms after stimulation (peak N160) of flash evoked potentials (FEPs) of rats changes with repeated testing. Habituation, sensitization, and arousal have all been invoked to explain these changes, but few studies have directly tested these explanations. We examined within-session changes in peak N160 amplitude with repeated testing, and the modulatory effects of stimulus intensity and auditory white noise. Peak N160 amplitude increased with daily testing (between-session changes), and was larger at greater stimulus intensities. In contrast, peak N160 amplitude underwent within-session increases on early days and within-session decreases on later days. The within-session changes were not affected by stimulus intensity. In rats previously tested in a quiet environment, exposure to acoustic white noise increased motor activity and transiently decreased peak N160 amplitude, which then increased and subsequently decreased with continued photic and acoustic stimulation. Repeated testing in the presence of noise did not alter the within-session changes in peak N160 amplitude. Heart rate showed both within- and between-session decreases, but was unaffected by noise. The data suggest that the within-session changes in peak N160 amplitude may reflect a habituation-like response to the test environment. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HERR, DW (reprint author), US EPA,HERL NTD,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 55 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90014-0 PG 17 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA ML916 UT WOS:A1994ML91600013 PM 8140179 ER PT J AU HERRENOSAENZ, D HEFLICH, RH VONTUNGELN, LS LEWTAS, J FU, PP AF HERRENOSAENZ, D HEFLICH, RH VONTUNGELN, LS LEWTAS, J FU, PP TI DNA ADDUCT FORMATION BY 2-NITROFLUORANTHENE IN SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND NEONATAL B6C3F1 MICE SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds/1st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE OZARKS, MO SP INT SOC POLYCYCL AROMAT COMPOUNDS, NIH, US EPA, NIST, UNIV NEBRASKA MED CTR, EPPLEY INST RES CANC & ALLIED DIS, ELECT POWER RES INST, MILLIPORE WATER CHROMATOG DIV & STRATAGENE DE DNA ADDUCTS; 2-NITROFLUORANTHENE; NITRATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; P-32-POSTLABELING ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; 2-NITROPYRENE; FLUORANTHENE C1 NCTR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1080/10406639408031170 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PG342 UT WOS:A1994PG34200011 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S ROSS, JA NELSON, G WILSON, K ROOP, BC JEFFERS, AJ GALATI, AJ STONER, GD SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A MASS, MJ AF NESNOW, S ROSS, JA NELSON, G WILSON, K ROOP, BC JEFFERS, AJ GALATI, AJ STONER, GD SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A MASS, MJ TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TUMORIGENIC POTENCY, KI-RAS CODON 12 MUTATIONS, AND DNA-ADDUCTS INDUCED BY CYCLOPENTA[CD]PYRENE SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds/1st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE OZARKS, MO SP INT SOC POLYCYCL AROMAT COMPOUNDS, NIH, US EPA, NIST, UNIV NEBRASKA MED CTR, EPPLEY INST RES CANC & ALLIED DIS, ELECT POWER RES INST, MILLIPORE WATER CHROMATOG DIV & STRATAGENE DE TUMOR; ONCOGENE MUTATION; DNA ADDUCTS; MOUSE LUNG ID MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; CELLS; CYCLOPENTAPYRENE; CYCLOPENTA(CD)PYRENE; BENZOPYRENE; MUTAGENICITY; MUTAGENESIS; SENSITIVITY C1 US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1080/10406639408031180 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PG342 UT WOS:A1994PG34200021 ER PT J AU WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK CHUANG, JC MUKUND, R AF WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK CHUANG, JC MUKUND, R TI EVALUATION OF A REAL-TIME MONITOR FOR FINE PARTICLE-BOUND PAH IN AIR SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE OZARKS, MO SP INT SOC POLYCYCL AROMAT COMPOUNDS DE PAH; REAL-TIME; MONITOR; AIR; PHOTOIONIZATION; FINE PARTICLES ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AEROSOL PHOTOEMISSION; SENSOR C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1994 VL 5 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1080/10406639408015168 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PD544 UT WOS:A1994PD54400019 ER PT B AU MCNAMARA, EJ AF MCNAMARA, EJ BE Markham, JW Duda, AL TI THE INFOTERRA NETWORK - INFOTERRA USA NATIONAL FOCAL POINT SO PRESERVING THE PAST, LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE, LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science Libraries-and-Information-Centers - Preserving the Past, Looking to the Future CY OCT 11-15, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP INT ASSOC AQUAT & MARINE SCI LIB & INFORMAT CTR C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 1994 BP 149 EP 150 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BB47E UT WOS:A1994BB47E00018 ER PT B AU FREEMAN, H AF FREEMAN, H GP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR TI POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AT EPAS RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY - CLEANER PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND CLEANER PRODUCTS FOR A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT SO PRIORITIES IN POLLUTION PREVENTION: ANNUAL GULF COAST ENVIRONMENT CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Gulf Coast Environmental Conference - Priorities in Pollution Prevention CY MAR 03-04, 1994 CL BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HARZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER PI BEAUMONT PA PO BOX 10613 LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX 77710-0613 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BC78F UT WOS:A1994BC78F00001 ER PT B AU PERCIASEPE, R AF PERCIASEPE, R BE Stanford, JA Valett, HM TI GROUNDWATER ECOLOGY - AN EPA PERSPECTIVE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND WATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ground Water Ecology CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP US EPA, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, AMER INST BIOL SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG, ASSOC AMER STATE GEOLOGISTS, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, ECOLOG SOC AMER, IAHS, INT COMMISS GROUNDWATER, N AMER BENTHOLOG SOC, US GEOLOG SURVEY C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-28-9 PY 1994 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Ecology; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BC51S UT WOS:A1994BC51S00001 ER PT S AU LATIMER, R HALE, S COPELAND, J COMELEO, R BAKER, C AUGUST, P ROSEN, J AF LATIMER, R HALE, S COPELAND, J COMELEO, R BAKER, C AUGUST, P ROSEN, J GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANDSCAPE CHARACTERIZATION METRICS AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITION INDICATORS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOL I SE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments - Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1066-3711 J9 THEM CONF R PY 1994 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC75R UT WOS:A1994BC75R00063 ER PT S AU BOLGRIEN, DW LEE, KH ARMSTRONG, R BROOKS, AS WRIGLEY, RC AF BOLGRIEN, DW LEE, KH ARMSTRONG, R BROOKS, AS WRIGLEY, RC GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI THE GREAT LAKES ECOLOGICAL PROCESS PILOT PROJECT (GLEPP) - ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN USING A MULTI-STAGE REMOTE SENSING APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOL II SE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments - Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1066-3711 J9 THEM CONF R PY 1994 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC75S UT WOS:A1994BC75S00040 ER PT B AU LATIMER, R HALE, S COPELAND, J COMELEO, R BAKER, C AUGUST, P ROSEN, J SMITH, C AF LATIMER, R HALE, S COPELAND, J COMELEO, R BAKER, C AUGUST, P ROSEN, J SMITH, C GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANDSCAPE CHARACTERIZATION METRICS AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITION INDICATORS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: NEEDS, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments: Needs, Solutions, and Applications CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1994 BP A549 EP A549 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BA93E UT WOS:A1994BA93E00063 ER PT B AU LAFORCE, MJ AF LAFORCE, MJ BE Wickett, RG Lewis, PD Woodliffe, A Pratt, P TI CITIZEN ACTION FOR BIODIVERSITY AT WOLF ROAD PRAIRIE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE CONFERENCE: SPIRIT OF THE LAND, OUR PRAIRIE LEGACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th North American Prairie Conference on the Spirit of the Land, Our Prairie Legacy CY AUG 06-09, 1992 CL WINDSOR, CANADA SP CANADIAN WILDFLOWER ASSOC, CANADIAN PKS SERV, CORP CITY WINDSOR, DEPT PKS & RECREAT, WINDSOR, ICI CANADA INC, MINIST NAT RESOURCES, PROVINCE ONTARIO, UNIV WINDSOR, WALPOLE ISLAND 1ST NATION, COUNCIL 3 FIRES C1 US EPA,CHICAGO,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEPARTMENT PARKS & RECREATION WINDSOR PI WINDSOR PA WINDSOR ONTARIO, CANADA BN 0-9698160-0-6 PY 1994 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD01C UT WOS:A1994BD01C00031 ER PT J AU MAKRIS, JL AF MAKRIS, JL TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOUND CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article RP MAKRIS, JL (reprint author), US EPA,CHEM EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & PREVENT OFF,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20024, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1066-8527 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 DI 10.1002/prs.680130106 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA MZ803 UT WOS:A1994MZ80300005 ER PT J AU KRAMLICH, JC LINAK, WP AF KRAMLICH, JC LINAK, WP TI NITROUS-OXIDE BEHAVIOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE, AND IN COMBUSTION AND INDUSTRIAL-SYSTEMS SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHOTOCHEMISTRY; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; FUEL-NITROGEN; COAL COMBUSTION; PREMIXED COMBUSTION; CATALYTIC REDUCTION; PLATINUM CATALYST; CYANURIC ACID AB Tropospheric measurements show that nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations are increasing over time. This demonstrates the existence of one or more significant anthropogenic sources, a fact that has generated considerable research interest over the last several years. The debate has principally focused on (1) the identity of the sources, and (2) the consequences of increased N2O concentrations. Both questions remain open, to at least some degree. The environmental concerns stem from the suggestion that diffusion of additional N2O into the stratosphere can result in increased ozone (O3) depletion. Within the stratosphere, N2O undergoes photolysis and reacts with oxygen atoms to yield some nitric oxide (NO). This enters into the well known O3 destruction cycle. N2O is also a potent absorber of infrared radiation and can contribute to global warming through the greenhouse effect. A major difficulty in research on N2O is measurement. Both electron capture gas chromatography and continuous infrared methods have seen considerable development, and both can be used reliably if their limitations are understood and appropriate precautions are taken. In particular, the ease with which N2O is formed from NO in stored combustion products must be recognized; this can occur even in the lines of continuous sampling systems. In combustion, the homogeneous reactions leading to N2O are principally NCO + NO --> N2O + CO and NH + NO --> N2O + H, with the first reaction being the most important in practical combustion systems. Recent measurements have resulted in a revised rate for this reaction, and the suggestion that only a portion of the products may branch into N2O + CO. Alternatively, recent measurements also suggest a reduced rate for the N2O + OH destruction reaction. Most modeling has been based on the earlier kinetic information, and the conclusions derived from these studies need to be revisited. In high-temperature combustion, N2O forms early in the flame if fuel-nitrogen is available. The high temperatures, however, ensure that little of this escapes, and emissions from most conventional combustion systems are quite low. The exception is combustion under moderate temperature conditions, where the N2O is formed from fuel-nitrogen, but fails to be destroyed. The two principal examples are combustion fluidized beds, and the downstream injection of nitrogen-containing agents for nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) control (e.g., selective noncatalytic reduction with urea). There remains considerable debate on the degree to which homogeneous vs heterogeneous reactions contribute to N2O formation in fluidized bed combustion. What is clear is that the N2O yield is inversely proportional to bed temperature, and conversion of fuel-nitrogen to N2O is favored for higher-rank fuels. Fixed-bed studies on highly devolatilized coal char do not indicate a significant role for heterogeneous reactions involving N2O destruction. The reduction of NO at a coal char surface appears to yield significant N2O only if oxygen (O2) is also present. Some studies show that the degree of char devolatilization has a profound influence on both the yield of N2O during char oxidation, and on the apparent mechanism. Since the char present in combustion fluidized beds will likely span a range of degrees of devolatilization, it becomes difficult to conclusively sort purely homogeneous behavior from potential heterogeneous contributions in practical systems. Formation of N2O during NO(x) control processes has primarily been confined to selective noncatalytic reduction. Specifically, when the nitrogen-containing agents urea and cyanuric acid are injected, a significant portion (typically > 10%) of the NO that is reduced is converted into N2O. The use of promoters to reduce the optimum injection temperature appears to increase the fraction of NO converted into N2O. Other operations, such as air staging and reburning, do not appear to be significant N2O producers. In selective catalytic reduction the yield of N2O depends on both catalyst type and operating condition, although most systems are not large emitters. Other systems considered include mobile sources, waste incineration, and industrial sources. In waste incineration, the combustion of sewage sludge yields very high N2O emissions. This appears to be due to the very high nitrogen content of the fuel and the low combustion temperatures. Many industrial systems are largely uncharacterized with respect to N2O emissions. Adipic acid manufacture is known to produce large amounts of N2O as a by-product, and abatement procedures are under development within the industry. C1 US EPA,COMBUST RES BRANCH,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KRAMLICH, JC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MECH ENGN,FU 10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 217 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 149 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0360-1285(94)90009-4 PG 54 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PH704 UT WOS:A1994PH70400003 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP AF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI BIOCHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN AS A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO NEUROTOXICITY ASSESSMENT - ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION TO THE ASSESSMENT OF NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ASTROGLIOSIS; NEUROTOXICITY; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP); NMDA; MK-801 ID REACTIVE GLIOSIS; RAT; INJURY AB Hypertrophy appears to be a universal response of astrocytes, a central nervous system (CNS) cell type, to all forms of brain injury, The hallmark of this response, often termed ''reactive gliosis,'' is the enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Reactive gliosis traditionally has been examined qualitatively by immunohistochemistry of GFAP. But, the widespread availability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) now makes it possible to quantify damage-induced expression of GFAP as a potential biomarker of diverse neurotoxic insults, To evaluate this possibility, we administered prototype neurotoxicants to experimental animals and then assessed the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP, as determined by a recently developed sandwich ELISA, We found that assays of GFAP reveal dose-, time-, and region-dependent patterns of neural damage, often at toxicant dosages below those that cause light microscopic evidence of cell loss or damage. No false positives have been seen following exposure to a variety of pharmacological agents at therapeutic dosages, With respect to NMDA receptor antagonists, we find that MK-801 causes a large dose-dependent increase in GFAP that, within the cortex, appears to be restricted to the retrosplenial zone, Among the advantages of the GFAP-based approach are its simplicity, objectivity, cost, and the fact that the assay can be automated. Among the disadvantages are the need to perform brain dissections and the requirement for a time-course analysis, Our data suggest that GFAP assays should be used in conjunction with traditional histopathological examinations and more sensitive stains for neural degeneration such as those based on silver impregnation, This combination of techniques should make it possible to localize and quantify areas of chemical-induced neural damage. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA RQ450 UT WOS:A1994RQ45000006 PM 7770619 ER PT J AU MURANE, DM AF MURANE, DM TI MODEL STANDARDS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROL OF RADON IN NEW BUILDINGS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB In response to a requirement in the Indoor Radon Abatement Act of 1988, The US Environmental protection Agency (EPA) has been developing 'Model Standards and Techniques for Control of Radon in New Buildings'. A draft of the Model Standards was developed in close cooperation with the building industry and disseminated for public comment in April 1993. A final Standard will be published by the end of 1993. This paper describes the recommended construction techniques and implementation procedures contained in the draft. Use of the recommended standards and techniques is linked to the potential for elevated radon levels that is predicted for different geographical areas of the United States. The paper emphasises the cost-effectiveness of building-in radon-resistance in new homes, and highlights the use of construction techniques that many builders already use as standard building practice. RP MURANE, DM (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900003 ER PT J AU HENSCHEL, DB AF HENSCHEL, DB TI ANALYSIS OF RADON MITIGATION TECHNIQUES USED IN EXISTING US HOUSES SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB This paper reviews the full range of techniques that have been installed in existing US houses for the purpose of reducing indoor radon concentrations resulting from soil gas entry. The review addresses the performance, installation and operating costs, applicability, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of each radon mitigation technique. Active soil depressurisation (ASD) techniques are the measures most widely used by mitigation contractors. ASD techniques consistently and reliably provide the highest radon reductions, at costs often competitive with the less effective alternatives. The large majority of existing US houses having elevated radon can be effectively treated using ASD. Various other techniques can be used in houses where ASD is difficult or impractical to apply, or where lesser radon reductions are acceptable. However, these other techniques are always less effective, less reliable, or less well demonstrated than ASD. RP HENSCHEL, DB (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900008 ER PT J AU CRAIG, AB AF CRAIG, AB TI A REVIEW OF RADON MITIGATION IN LARGE BUILDINGS IN THE US SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB The Environmental Protection Agency of the US carried out its initial research on radon mitigation in houses, both existing and new. A review of this work is presented in another paper at this workshop. Four years ago, this work was expanded to include the study of radon in schools, both new and existing, and now includes studies in other large buildings, as well. Factors affecting ease of mitigation of existing schools using active soil depressurisation (ASD) have been identified and quantified. Examination of the building and architectural plans makes it possible to predict the ease of mitigation of a specific building. Many school can be easily and inexpensively mitigated using ASD. However, examination of a fairly large number of schools has shown that a significant percentage of existing schools will be hard to mitigate with ASD. In some cases, the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can be used to pressurise the building and retard radon entry. However, in some cases no central HVAC system exists and the school is difficult and/or expensive to mitigate by any technique. Prevention of radon entry is relatively easy and inexpensive to accomplish during construction of schools and other large buildings. It is also possible to control radon to near ambient levels in new construction, a goal which is much more difficult to approach in existing large buildings. The preferred method of radon prevention in the construction of large buildings is to design the HVAC system for building pressurisation, install a simple ASD system, and seal all entry routes between the sub-slab and the building interior. RP CRAIG, AB (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900009 ER PT J AU FISHER, G LIGMAN, B BRENNAN, T SHAUGHNESSY, R TURK, BH SNEAD, B AF FISHER, G LIGMAN, B BRENNAN, T SHAUGHNESSY, R TURK, BH SNEAD, B TI RADON MITIGATION IN SCHOOLS UTILIZING HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB As part of a continuing radon in schools technology development effort, EPA's School Evaluation Team has performed radon mitigation in schools by the method of ventilation/pressurisation control technology. Ventilation rates were increased, at a minimum, to meet the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ASHRAE 62-1989). This paper presents the results and the preliminary evaluations which led to the team's decision to implement this technology. Factors considered include energy penalties, comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), building shell tightness, and equipment costs. Cost benefit of hear recovery ventilation was also considered. Earlier results of the SEP team's efforts have indicated a severe ventilation problem within the schools of the United States. An integrated approach to radon mitigation in schools and other large buildings which control radon as well as improve overall IAQ should be the goal of radon remediation where practical, Two cases studies are presented where HVAC technology was implemented for controlling radon concentrations. One involved the installation of a heat recovery ventilator to depressurise a crawl space and provide ventilation to the classrooms which previously had no mechanical ventilation. The other involved the restoration of a variable air volume system in a two-storey building. The HVAC system's controls were restored and modified to provide a constant building pressure differential to control the entry of radon. Pre-mitigation and post-mitigation indoor air pollutant measurements were taken, including radon, carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, and bio-aerosols. Long-term monitoring of radon, CO,, building pressure differentials, and indoor/outdoor temperature and relative humidity is presented. RP FISHER, G (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR,DIV RADON,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900013 ER PT J AU JALBERT, PP SALMON, GL DESCISCIOLO, S AF JALBERT, PP SALMON, GL DESCISCIOLO, S TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY NATIONAL RADON PROFICIENCY PROGRAMS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's voluntary National Radon Proficiency Programmes: Radon Measurement, and Reduction Proficiency are described, including their history and development, current status and future directions. The Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) and Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) programmes are fundamental to the Agency's programme to reduce the health risk associated with exposure to elevated radon levels in indoor air. Originally developed to provide technical assistance to States, the proficiency programmes now offer US consumers assurance of the quality of their radon measurements and reduction jobs. In other words, the proficiency programmes provide a means to consumers for deciding from which oganisations or individuals to purchase radon services. This is especially important in the United States where most radon services are acquired through private enterprises rather than through the public sector. The Agency encourages the public to purchase radon measurement and reduction services only from organisations or individuals that have met the requirements of EPA's proficiency programmes. An increasing number of States require an EPA proficiency listing for their radon registration, licensing, and certification programmes. EPA estimates that about 85% of US companies offering radon services are participating in its proficiency programmes. Consequently, the Agency believes that the development and growth of quality radon services has kept pace with consumer demand. The United States marketplace for residential radon measurement and mitigation services has been dynamic since its inception in the mid-1980s. The fluidity of the market is likely to continue, with some significant changes appearing imminent. The US Congress is now considering legislation that would require participation in the Agency's radon proficiency programmes. In addition, this legislation contains provisions that would encourage consumer testing. Increased testing, coupled with a mandatory national proficiency programme, is likely to result in an increase in the quality of radon services available to the US public. RP JALBERT, PP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV RADON 6604-J,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900062 ER PT J AU OGE, M AF OGE, M TI THE US-ENVIRONMENTAL-AGENCY STRATEGY TO REDUCE RISKS OF RADON SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop - Indoor Radon Remedial Action: The Scientific Basis and the Practical Implications CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1993 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, ENNTE NUOVE TECNOL ENERGIA & AMBIENTE, IST SUPER SANITA, INTER CTR THEORET PHYS, INTER CTR THEORET & APPL ECOL AB A summary of the US National Strategy to reduce the public health risks of indoor radon gas is given. The paper summarises the four key elements of the strategy including (1) the science and policy that provide the progamme foundation of 'messages'; (2) a decentralised system for informing the public that consists of multiple, highly respected organisations that can deliver radon messages through established channels to targeted audiences. (3) a continuum of strategies for reducing radon risks, ranging from public information efforts that let people make their own decisions about the need to test and fix their homes, to regulatory approaches that may ultimately require people to take action; and (4) A strong focus on those strategies that hold the greatest promise for achieving long term institutional change. RP OGE, M (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR,501 3RD ST,JUDICIARY SQ,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 343 EP 354 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PW639 UT WOS:A1994PW63900076 ER PT B AU OGE, M AF OGE, M BE Sagan, LA TI Reducing the public's risk from radon SO RADIATION SCIENCE AND SOCIETAL DECISION MAKING SE NCRP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements on Radiation Science and Societal Decision Making CY DEC 15, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL RADIATION PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 1016, BETHESDA, MD 20814 BN 0-929600-37-1 J9 NCRP PROC PY 1994 IS 15 BP 115 EP 127 PG 13 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA BD27B UT WOS:A1994BD27B00008 ER PT B AU NUNEZ, C MCMINN, G VITAS, J AF NUNEZ, C MCMINN, G VITAS, J GP RADTECH INT N AMER TI BARRIERS TO THE USE OF RADIATION-CURABLE ADHESIVES IN THE COATED AND LAMINATED SUBSTRATE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY SO RADTECH '94 NORTH AMERICA - UV/EB CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT RadTech 94 North America UV/EB Conference and Exhibition CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP RADTECH INT N AMER C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADTECH INT NORTHAMERICA PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, SUITE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 BN 1-878664-12-3 PY 1994 BP 660 EP 668 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BB94V UT WOS:A1994BB94V00075 ER PT S AU BIRNBAUM, LS AF BIRNBAUM, LS BE Spitzer, HL Slaga, TJ Greenlee, WF McClain, M TI EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF THE AH RECEPTOR IN RESPONSE TO DIOXIN SO RECEPTOR-MEDIATED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR EVALUATING CARCINOGENESIS SE PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment - Receptor-Mediated Biological Processes: Implications for Evaluating Carcinogenesis CY DEC 08-11, 1992 CL AUSTIN, TX RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-7742 BN 0-471-02045-1 J9 PROG CLIN BIOL RES JI Prog.Clin.Biol.Res. PY 1994 VL 387 BP 139 EP 154 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Oncology GA BB21L UT WOS:A1994BB21L00009 PM 7972244 ER PT S AU SAOUTER, E TURNER, R BARKAY, T AF SAOUTER, E TURNER, R BARKAY, T BE Bajpai, RK Prokop, A TI MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF IONIC MERCURY FOR THE REMOVAL OF MERCURY FROM CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS SO RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY II SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recombinant DNA Technology CY JAN 31-FEB 05, 1993 CL PALM COAST, FL SP ENGN FDN ID WATER C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,PENSACOLA,FL 32504. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-821-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 721 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb47413.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA43Z UT WOS:A1994BA43Z00042 PM 8010690 ER PT J AU DASTON, GP OVERMANN, GJ BAINES, D TAUBENECK, MW LEHMANMCKEEMAN, LD ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL AF DASTON, GP OVERMANN, GJ BAINES, D TAUBENECK, MW LEHMANMCKEEMAN, LD ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL TI ALTERED ZN STATUS BY ALPHA-HEDERIN IN THE PREGNANT RAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METALLOTHIONEIN; ALPHA-HEDERIN; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY ID ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; ZN-65 DISTRIBUTION; MATERNAL TOXICITY; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; HEAD DEFECTS; METALLOTHIONEIN; HYPERTHERMIA; EMBRYOS; INDUCTION AB The hypothesis that an acute-phase reaction in the pregnant animal causes a systemic redistribution of Zn, resulting in a transient but developmentally adverse Zn deficiency in the embryo, was tested by treating pregnant rats during organogenesis with a alpha-hederin, an agent reported to induce substantial metallothionein (MT) synthesis in rat liver, and determining hepatic MT concentration, hepatic and plasma Zn concentration, and systemic distribution of a pulse of Zn-65 after treatment. Developmental toxicity was assessed by evaluating morphologic development in term fetuses. A single dose of alpha-hederin, injected sc at dosages of 3 to 300 mu mol/kg kg, caused an acute phase response, indicated by decreased Fe and Zn, and increased Cu, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, and ceruloplasmin concentration in plasma, along with a dosage-related increase in maternal hepatic MT concentration. The maximum induction of MT was 11 to 15-fold greater than control and occurred at dosages of 30 mu mol/kg and higher, and MT concentration reached its peak 12 to 24 h after treatment. Zn concentration in liver and liver cytosol increased along with MT, reaching a maximum level at dosages of 30 mu mol/kg and higher. Plasma Zn concentration decreased after alpha-hederin treatment to a level approximately 75% of control at a dosage of 30 mu mol/kg and 50% of control at 300 mu mol/kg. Therefore, hepatic MT induction was associated with most, but not all, of the decrease in plasma Zn concentration. Zn distribution was evaluated by giving an oral pulse of Zn-65 8 h after treatment with 0, 30, or 300 mu mol/kg alpha-hederin on gestation day 11, and measuring Zn-65 levels 18 h after treatment. The fraction of Zn-65 distributed to the liver of treated rats (either dosage) was twice that of control, but distribution of Zn-65 to other maternal tissues was decreased. Zn-65 accumulation by conceptuses was significantly decreased, attributable to decreased accumulation in decidua, but not in visceral yolk sacs or embryos; however, at this stage of development the decidua accounts for a greater quantity of Zn than either of the other products of conception and may serve as the Zn-storing tissue for the conceptus. Both 30 and 300 mu mol/kg increased resorption incidence, and 300 mu mol/kg also decreased fetal weight and increased the incidence of abnormal fetuses. Serum collected from rats two hours after alpha-hederin treatment (i.e., before the onset of MT synthesis) supported rat embryo development in vitro, whereas serum collected 18 h after treatment did not. Adding Zn to this serum restored normal embryonic development. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that systemic changes in Zn status, brought about by a hepatic acute phase response, including a substantial induction of hepatic MT, may be a mechanism for maternally mediated abnormal development. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DAVIS, CA USA. US EPA, DIV DEV TOXICOL, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA. RP PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, MIAMI VALLEY LABS, POB 398707, CINCINNATI, OH 45239 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743] NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90063-9 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA NA400 UT WOS:A1994NA40000004 PM 8186620 ER PT J AU TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL AF TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL TI ALTERED MATERNAL ZINC-METABOLISM FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO DIVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZINC; DEVELOPMENT; METALLOTHIONEIN; URETHANE; ALPHA-HEDERIN; MELPHALAN; ARSENIC; ETHANOL; NUTRITION; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE ID HEPATIC METALLOTHIONEIN; PREGNANT RAT; ENDOTOXIN INDUCTION; ZN-65 DISTRIBUTION; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; VALPROIC ACID; PLASMA ZINC; SHORT-TERM; TOXICITY; DEFICIENCY AB It has been hypothesized that one mechanism contributing to the developmental toxicity of some xenobiotics is an embryonic/fetal zinc (Zn) deficiency that occurs secondary to toxicant-induced changes in maternal Zn metabolism. We studied the influence of diverse toxicants (urethane, ethanol, melphalan, arsenic, and alpha-hederin) on maternal-embryonic Zn metabolism and maternal liver metallothionein (MT) induction in Sprague-Dawley rats given a Zn-65-labelled meal by gavage 8 h after toxicant exposure and killed 10 h later on gestation day 12.5. Exposure to the toxicants resulted in increases in maternal hepatic MT concentrations that generally exceeded that which could be accounted for by reductions in food intake. (65)Zinc retention was higher in maternal liver and lower in the products of conception in the toxicant-exposed groups. Strong linear relationships were found; as maternal liver MT concentrations increased, Zn-65 retention in maternal liver was increased and Zn-65 distribution to the conceptuses was decreased. These results support the hypothesis that diverse insults can produce developmental toxicity, in part, by altering maternal and embryonic Zn metabolism. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DAVIS,CA. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LAB,CINCINNATI,OH. US EPA,DIV DEV BIOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743] NR 50 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90064-7 PG 16 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA NA400 UT WOS:A1994NA40000005 PM 8186621 ER PT B AU SHOAF, CR AF SHOAF, CR BE Jenkins, PG Kayser, D Muhle, H Rosner, G Smith, EM TI US-EPA INHALATION TESTING GUIDELINES SO RESPIRATORY TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT SE IPCS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY) JOINT SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Respiratory Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 06-09, 1992 CL HANNOVER, GERMANY SP INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, FED MINIST ENVRONM NAT CONSERVAT & NUCL SAFETY, FED HLTH OFF, INT LIFE SCI INST, INT UNION TOXICOL, FRAUNHOFER INST TOXICOL & AEROSOL RES, HANNOVER MED HIGH SCH C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF MD-52,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WISSENSCHAFTLICHE verlagsgesellschaft mbh PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 40, BIRKENWALDSTRASSE 44, 70191 STUTTGART, GERMANY BN 3-8047-1327-0 J9 IPCS JOINT SER PY 1994 IS 18 BP 11 EP 25 PG 15 WC Respiratory System; Toxicology SC Respiratory System; Toxicology GA BC46R UT WOS:A1994BC46R00001 ER PT J AU NOWELL, LH RESEK, EA AF NOWELL, LH RESEK, EA TI NATIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR PESTICIDES IN WATER, SEDIMENT, AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS - APPLICATION TO WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENTS SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 140 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHEMICALS; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NOWELL, LH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 104 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 1994 VL 140 BP 1 EP 164 PG 164 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BC22B UT WOS:A1994BC22B00001 PM 7809422 ER PT B AU DOURSON, ML AF DOURSON, ML BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING ORAL REFERENCE DOSES SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,ECAO,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00005 ER PT B AU CANTILLI, R ABERNATHY, CO DONOHUE, JM AF CANTILLI, R ABERNATHY, CO DONOHUE, JM BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI DERIVATION OF THE REFERENCE DOSE FOR ZINC SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 113 EP 125 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00009 ER PT B AU POIRIER, KA AF POIRIER, KA BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI SUMMARY OF THE DERIVATION OF THE REFERENCE DOSE FOR SELENIUM SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,ECAO,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00012 ER PT B AU DOURSON, ML AF DOURSON, ML BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI THE CHROMIUM REFERENCE DOSES SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,ECAO,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00016 ER PT B AU VELAZQUEZ, SF DU, JT AF VELAZQUEZ, SF DU, JT BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI DERIVATION OF THE REFERENCE DOSE FOR MANGANESE SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 253 EP 266 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00020 ER PT B AU ABERNATHY, CO AF ABERNATHY, CO BE Mertz, W Abernathy, CO Olin, SS TI THE ARSENIC REFERENCE DOSE SO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Risk Assessment of Essential Elements CY MAR 10-12, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT LIFE SCI INST, RISK SCI INST, US EPA, ATSDR C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-21-9 PY 1994 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BC51L UT WOS:A1994BC51L00023 ER PT J AU BROWNER, CM AF BROWNER, CM TI EPA - OCEAN AND COASTAL COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITY, CLEAN-WATER-ACT REAUTHORIZATION SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP BROWNER, CM (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 35 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA NE496 UT WOS:A1994NE49600004 ER PT J AU SIKDAR, SK SAWANT, SB AF SIKDAR, SK SAWANT, SB TI AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURE-MEDIUM BY ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Metabolites such as ammonia and lactic acid formed during mammalian cell culture can frequently be toxic to the cells themselves beyond a threshold concentration of the metabolites. Cell culture conducted in the presence of such accumulated metabolites is therefore limited in productivity. This work demonstrates with laboratory data that a nonporous ion-exchange membrane of the perfluorinated sulfonic acid type can be used to contact the culture medium, and ammonia removed selectivity from the medium without disturbing the process. The technique of pervaporation showed particular promise in this regard. The pervaporation used with inert gas sweep on the permeate side was found superior to that used with vacuum application. C1 UNIV BOMBAY, DEPT CHEM TECHNOL, BOMBAY 400019, INDIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. RP SIKDAR, SK (reprint author), US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, 26 W ML KING RD, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1591 DI 10.1080/01496399408007375 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA PC455 UT WOS:A1994PC45500005 ER PT B AU MASON, SR AF MASON, SR GP GAS PROCESSORS ASSOC TI ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PREVENTION PROVISIONS CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990 SO SEVENTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION - GAS PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual Convention of the Gas-Processors-Association CY MAR 07-09, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP GAS PROCESSORS ASSOC C1 US EPA,REG 6,DALLAS,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAS PROCESSORS ASSOC PI TULSA PA 6526 E 60TH ST, TULSA, OK 74145 PY 1994 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB77T UT WOS:A1994BB77T00022 ER PT B AU RYAN, JA AF RYAN, JA BE Clapp, CE Larson, WE Dowdy, RH TI UTILIZATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN DEVELOPMENT OF LIMITS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SO SEWAGE SLUDGE: LAND UTILIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Conference on Sewage Sludge - Land Utilization and the Environment CY AUG 11-13, 1993 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP ASSOC METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE AGCY, METROPOLITAN WASTE CONTROL COMMISS, ST PAUL, N VIRO INT INC, N VIRO MINNESOTA INC, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, US ARMY CORPS ENGINEERS, CRREL, USDA, AGR RES SERV C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-813-4 J9 SSSA MISC PUBLICAT PY 1994 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC15U UT WOS:A1994BC15U00009 ER PT B AU WALKER, JM AF WALKER, JM BE Clapp, CE Larson, WE Dowdy, RH TI PRODUCTION, USE, AND CREATIVE DESIGN OF SEWAGE SLUDGE BIOSOLIDS SO SEWAGE SLUDGE: LAND UTILIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Conference on Sewage Sludge - Land Utilization and the Environment CY AUG 11-13, 1993 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP ASSOC METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE AGCY, METROPOLITAN WASTE CONTROL COMMISS, ST PAUL, N VIRO INT INC, N VIRO MINNESOTA INC, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, US ARMY CORPS ENGINEERS, CRREL, USDA, AGR RES SERV C1 US EPA,OFF WASTEWATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-813-4 J9 SSSA MISC PUBLICAT PY 1994 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC15U UT WOS:A1994BC15U00010 ER PT B AU FAIRBROTHER, A KNAPP, CM AF FAIRBROTHER, A KNAPP, CM BE Clapp, CE Larson, WE Dowdy, RH TI ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LAND SPREADING SEWAGE SLUDGE SO SEWAGE SLUDGE: LAND UTILIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Conference on Sewage Sludge - Land Utilization and the Environment CY AUG 11-13, 1993 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP ASSOC METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE AGCY, METROPOLITAN WASTE CONTROL COMMISS, ST PAUL, N VIRO INT INC, N VIRO MINNESOTA INC, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, US ARMY CORPS ENGINEERS, CRREL, USDA, AGR RES SERV C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-813-4 J9 SSSA MISC PUBLICAT PY 1994 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC15U UT WOS:A1994BC15U00011 ER PT B AU BASTIAN, RK AF BASTIAN, RK BE Clapp, CE Larson, WE Dowdy, RH TI WHERE DO WE STAND ON REGULATIONS SO SEWAGE SLUDGE: LAND UTILIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Conference on Sewage Sludge - Land Utilization and the Environment CY AUG 11-13, 1993 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP ASSOC METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE AGCY, METROPOLITAN WASTE CONTROL COMMISS, ST PAUL, N VIRO INT INC, N VIRO MINNESOTA INC, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, US ARMY CORPS ENGINEERS, CRREL, USDA, AGR RES SERV C1 US EPA,OFF WASTEWATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-813-4 J9 SSSA MISC PUBLICAT PY 1994 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC15U UT WOS:A1994BC15U00022 ER PT J AU GANDER, LK HENDRICKS, CW DOYLE, JD AF GANDER, LK HENDRICKS, CW DOYLE, JD TI INTERFERENCES, LIMITATIONS AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE EXTRACTION AND ASSESSMENT OF CELLULASE ACTIVITY IN SOIL SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING SUGARS; FOREST SOIL; DEHYDROGENASE; INVERTASE; XYLANASE; ENZYMES; AMYLASE; ASSAY AB A practical modification of a reducing-sugar method to estimate soil (carboxymethyl) cellulase activity is described and used to compare three non-sterile soils. The original method involves the formation of a ferric-ferrocyanide complex in soil extracts prepared and exposed to substrate in 2 M acetate buffer. Because high acetate concentrations compromise this reaction, such extracts require considerable (e.g. 20-30-fold) dilution prior to activity determinations. For soils with low organic matter, such as one used in this study, undetectable activity often results. We used 67 mM acetate buffer and were able to detect and compare cellulase activities in three diverse soils using undiluted extracts. The values obtained were more reproducible, but in a different range from those of the original method. Our modification yielded activities that appeared to be unchanged over the extraction buffer concentration range of 11-140 mM acetate. The use of undiluted soil extracts prepared in less concentrated buffer simplifies and extends the practicality of the assay by: (a) reducing the importance of using matrix-matched standard curves; (b) requiring less sample manipulation and glassware, and (c) preventing the dilution to extinction of enzyme activity. It also improves the usefulness of the method as an indicator of ecological effects (biomass turnover) due to the introduction of nonindigenous microorganisms and chemicals of environmental concern. These factors make the method more competitive with other reducing-sugar assays used to measure cellulase activity in soil. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP GANDER, LK (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90196-1 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MW803 UT WOS:A1994MW80300008 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB KATZ, IM AF MARTONEN, TB KATZ, IM TI INTER-RELATED EFFECTS OF MORPHOLOGY AND VENTILATION ON DRUG DEPOSITION PATTERNS SO STP PHARMA SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE DRUG DEPOSITION; AEROSOL THERAPY; INHALED PHARMACEUTICALS ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; BRONCHIAL TREE; HUMAN AIRWAYS; AEROSOL; LUNG; INHALATION; INHALER; MODELS AB The prophylaxis and treatment of airway diseases could be improved via the targeted delivery of inhaled pharmacologic drugs to selected sites. In this article, the authors extend their investigations on aerosol polydispersity and ventilatory parameters, emphasizing the effect of morphology with respect to deposition in the lungs. This was accomplished using a validated aerosol deposition model in two ways : a) airway dimensions were changed systematically to describe either the influence of normal intersubject variability or the alteration of airway calibre produced by drugs (e.g. bronchodilators), and b) the clinical experiments of Laube et al. were simulated. Regarding a), the results demonstrated that differences in lung structure can have pronounced effects on drug deposition and efficacy. Regarding b), the agreement of predicted deposition patterns with laboratory data indicated that the mathematical model may be employed to interpret gamma camera images used in the medical arena. The model can enhance the administration of inhaled drugs by identifying factors affecting deposition and, thereby, permitting pharmaceuticals to be targeted to appropriate locations within the lung. C1 TRINITY UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SANTE PI PARIS PA 5 RUE LAS CASES, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1157-1497 J9 STP PHARMA SCI JI STP Pharma Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ND188 UT WOS:A1994ND18800002 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB YANG, Y HWANG, D AF MARTONEN, TB YANG, Y HWANG, D TI HYGROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF SECONDARY CIGARETTE-SMOKE IN HUMAN NASAL PASSAGES SO STP PHARMA SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SMOKE; CIGARETTE; HYGROSCOPICITY; NASAL PASSAGE ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN AIRWAYS; AEROSOLS; PATTERNS; LUNG; FLOW AB Inhaled particles that are hygroscopic will absorb the ubiquitous water vapour present within the warm humid environment of the human respiratory tract. As a direct result, their physical and chemical characteristics will be affected. Specifically, the size, shape and density of a particle may experience pronounced changes. Likewise, the composition of the native particle will change. Therefore, risk assessment programs must account for hygroscopicity, because it influences the dosage delivered to airway cells. The effects of hygroscopicity within the lung are well documented. However, the influence of water vapour uptake within the airways of the head and throat has been relatively ignored. Our text will focus upon this extrathoracic region. The main results of the investigation are itemized below. 1) An original analytical description of cigarette smoke hygroscopicity is derived based upon the laboratory work of Martonen. 2) Data indicate that the hygroscopic growth of environmental tobacco smoke is a dynamic process within the entire extrathoracic region. The extent to which growth is completed within, or persists beyond, the nasal passages is a sensitive function of inhaled particle size and inspiratory flow rate. 3) The magnitude of hygroscopic growth for environmental tobacco smoke is quite profound. It is about a factor of 1.8, that is, particles nearly double in size within the nasal passages. 4) Hygroscopic growth is the dominant factor affecting the airborne behaviour of environmental tobacco smoke. A sound risk assessment program must account for its effects. Likewise, the hygroscopicity of pharmacologic drugs should be addressed in aerosol therapy protocols. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SANTE PI PARIS PA 5 RUE LAS CASES, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1157-1497 J9 STP PHARMA SCI JI STP Pharma Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ND188 UT WOS:A1994ND18800011 ER PT B AU PHILLIPS, NJ DAVENPORT, TE EHORN, DA AF PHILLIPS, NJ DAVENPORT, TE EHORN, DA GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI SCREENING METHOD FOR CRITICAL SURFACE EROSION AREAS SO SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: THE EROSION CONTROL CHALLENGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the International-Erosion-Control-Association - Sustaining Environmental Quality: The Erosion Control Challenge CY FEB 15-18, 1994 CL RENO, NV SP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC C1 US EPA,CHICAGO,IL 60604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 PY 1994 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology GA BA75E UT WOS:A1994BA75E00012 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP TI COMPLEMENTARITY OF GENOTOXIC AND NONGENOTOXIC PREDICTORS OF RODENT CARCINOGENICITY SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE PREDICTIVE TESTS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; CONCORDANCE; AMES; P-450; K(E); ODC; ALKALINE ELUTION; ALT ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; RAT-LIVER; KE TEST; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SCREENED CHEMICALS; TUMOR PROMOTION; MUTAGENICITY; ASSAY; NONCARCINOGENS AB Twenty-one chemicals carcinogenic in rodent bioassays were selected for study. The chemicals were administered by gavage in two dose levels to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of these 21 chemicals on four biochemical assays [hepatic DNA damage by alkaline elution (DD), hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (P450)] were determined. Available data from seven cancer predictors published by others [the Ames test (AMES), mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1537 (TA 1537), structural alerts (SA), mutation in mouse lymphoma cells (MOLY), chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (ABS), sister chromatid exchange in hamster ovary cells (SCE), and the k(e)test (k(e))] were also compiled for these 21 chemical carcinogens plus 28 carcinogens and 62 noncarcinogens already published by our laboratory. From the resulting 111 (chemicals) by 11 (individual cancer predictors) data matrix, the five operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity, negative predictivity, and concordance) of each of the 11 individual cancer predictors (four biochemical parameters of this study and seven cancer predictors of others) are presented. Two examples of complementarity or synergy of composite cancer predictors were found. To obtain maximum concordance it was necessary to combine both genotoxic and nongenotoxic cancer predictors. The composite cancer predictor (DD or [ODC and P450] or [ODC and ALT]) had higher concordance than did any of the four individual cancer predictors from which it was constructed. Similarly, the composite cancer predictor (TA 1537 or DD or [ODC and P450] or [ODC and ALT]) had higher concordance than any of its five individual constituent cancer predictors. Complementarity or synergy has been demonstrated both 1) among genotoxic cancer predictors (DD and TA 1537) and 2) between nongenotoxic (ODC, P450, and ALT) and genotoxic cancer predictors (TA 1537 and DD). (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,FLORIDA TOXICOL RES CTR,TAMPA,FL. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1002/tcm.1770140205 PG 18 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA NH681 UT WOS:A1994NH68100004 PM 8066550 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE EVERSON, RB LEWTAS, J GEORGE, M LUCIER, GW AF GALLAGHER, JE EVERSON, RB LEWTAS, J GEORGE, M LUCIER, GW TI COMPARISON OF DNA ADDUCT LEVELS IN HUMAN PLACENTA FROM POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSED WOMEN AND SMOKERS IN WHICH CYP 1A1 LEVELS ARE SIMILARLY ELEVATED SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE CIGARETTE SMOKING; PCB/PCDF EXPOSURES; CYP 1A1 LEVELS; PLACENTAL DNA ADDUCTS; HUMAN ID MONO-OXYGENASE ACTIVITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; AH-RECEPTOR; RAT-LIVER; YU-CHENG; TISSUES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; BENZO(A)PYRENE; DIBENZOFURANS; BINDING AB Previous studies demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with high elevations in levels of both cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP 1A1) acid DNA adducts in human placenta. To date, the identity of the smoking related DNA adducts is not known. The DNA adducts identified in placenta of smokers could result from chemicals present in cigarette smoke, substances formed by CYP 1A1 metabolic activation of endogenous compounds, non-cigarette related exposures or a combination of these processes. Exposure to contaminated rice oil containing large doses of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) also resulted in massive elevation of CYP 1A1 in human placenta but formation of DNA adducts directly from this exposure has not previously been reported. The purpose for comparing the two populations was to test the hypothesis that if CYP 1A1 induction results in the metabolic activation of endogenous compounds, then DNA adducts should also be present in PCB/PCDF exposed tissues exhibiting high CYP 1A1 activity and some of the adducts detected in the placental DNA from smokers may be identified as those derived from the metabolic activation of endogenous compounds. To test this hypothesis, we measured DNA adducts using P-32-postlabeling to analyze placental DNA from women exposed to PCB/PCDF and from cigarette smokers where levels of CYP 1A1 were similarly elevated. There was no evidence of DNA adducts among specimens obtained from PCB/PCDF exposed individuals. These data suggest that CYP 1A1 induction alone (in the absence of cigarette smoking) does not induce the formation of DNA adducts detectable by this approach, and that smoking related adducts are not a consequence of CYP 1A1 induction mediated activation of endogenous compounds or xenobiotics other than cigarette smoke. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GALLAGHER, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1002/tcm.1770140405 PG 10 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA PB670 UT WOS:A1994PB67000004 PM 7992230 ER PT B AU VU, VT AF VU, VT BE Dungworth, DL Mauderly, JL Oberdorster, G TI ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HEALTH-EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FIBERS AND THEIR TESTING NEEDS - PERSPECTIVES OF THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF SOLID PARTICLES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT SE ILSI MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial International Inhalation Symposium: Toxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Solid Particles in the Respiratory Tract CY 1993 CL HANNOVER, GERMANY SP INT LIFE SCI INST C1 US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-14-6 J9 ILSI MONOGR PY 1994 BP 367 EP 384 PG 18 WC Oncology; Respiratory System; Toxicology SC Oncology; Respiratory System; Toxicology GA BB18C UT WOS:A1994BB18C00028 ER PT J AU DEVITO, MJ MA, XF BABISH, JG MENACHE, M BIRNBAUM, LS AF DEVITO, MJ MA, XF BABISH, JG MENACHE, M BIRNBAUM, LS TI DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS IN MICE FOLLOWING SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN - CYP1A1, CYP1A2, ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR, AND PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AH RECEPTOR; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CONGENIC STRAINS; CANCER MORTALITY; MOUSE-LIVER; RAT; INDUCTION; EXCRETION; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,ITHACA,NY 14850. PARACELSIAN INC,CELLULAR PHYSIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14850. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. NR 45 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 124 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1011 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MT939 UT WOS:A1994MT93900011 PM 8291065 ER PT J AU CLEWELL, HJ ANDERSEN, ME AF CLEWELL, HJ ANDERSEN, ME TI PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING AND BIOACTIVATION OF XENOBIOTICS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE METABOLISM; MODELING; PHARMACOKINETICS ID MULTIROUTE EXPOSURE MODEL; INHALED STYRENE; INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; KINETIC CONSTANTS; RATS; METABOLISM; INVIVO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB This paper describes the development and implementation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-Pk) models to examine the disposition of xenobiotics and their bioactivation. In a PB-Pk model the structure of the model is based, to as great extent as practicable, on the actual physiological and biochemical structure of the animal system being described. This paper provides an overview of the PB-Pk modeling approach using a series of models as examples. PB-Pk models for styrene and the dihalomethanes are discussed in relation to their ability to predict the kinetics of uptake, distribution, metabolism (bioactivation), and elimination in both rodents and humans. Three models are discussed which demonstrate the process of describing increasing complexity in bioactivation with reference to saturation of metabolism (methylene chloride), suicide enzyme inactivation (trans-1,2-dichloroethylene), and glutathione depletion (allyl chloride). Experimental studies to quantify these particular examples of non-linear kinetics were conducted by closed chamber gas uptake techniques. All of these behaviors can be quantitatively expressed within the framework of a PB-Pk model C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CLEWELL, HJ (reprint author), ICF KAISER INT,KS CRUMP DIV,1201 GAINES ST,RUSTON,LA 71270, USA. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NT724 UT WOS:A1994NT72400001 PM 7570610 ER PT J AU VENDER, RL HORSTMAN, DH MANGIONE, S AF VENDER, RL HORSTMAN, DH MANGIONE, S TI RED-BLOOD-CELL ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS EXPOSED TO OZONE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE OZONE; GLUTATHIONE; CATALASE; ERYTHROCYTES ID ERYTHROCYTES; GLUTATHIONE; DAMAGE; LUNGS AB Indices of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant capacity can undergo changes upon exposure to oxidants, either acutely or chronically. To investigate whether these changes might provide a biochemical marker for acute environmental ozone exposure, we assessed RBC glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) responses in seven normal volunteers exposed to 0.16 ppm ozone for 7.5 hours compared to the same measurements following sham exposure to clean air. For each subject, an interim period of two weeks separated the two exposure studies. Investigators performing the RBC assays were unaware of the environmental conditions. No changes in either GSH or CAT were observed for any study condition when compared to pre-study values. Our conclusion is that RBC antioxidants do not accurately reflect in vivo exposure to ozone at concentrations readily attainable during periods of heavy urban pollution. Our data dispute the value of these indices as markers of acute environmental photochemical oxidant exposure. C1 MED COLL PENN,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,PHYSIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NT724 UT WOS:A1994NT72400004 PM 7570614 ER PT B AU MCELROY, JL MOOSMULLER, H JORGENSEN, RM EDMONDS, CM ALVAREZ, RJ BUNDY, DH AF MCELROY, JL MOOSMULLER, H JORGENSEN, RM EDMONDS, CM ALVAREZ, RJ BUNDY, DH BE Fried, A Killinger, DK Schiff, HI TI AIRBORNE UV-DIAL URBAN PLUME MEASUREMENTS SO TUNABLE DIODE LASER SPECTROSCOPY, LIDAR, AND DIAL TECHNIQUES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Lidar, and DIAL Techniques for Environmental and Industrial Measurements, at the Symposium on Optical Sensing for Environmental Monitoring CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RI Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1403-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2112 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.177306 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BA89D UT WOS:A1994BA89D00026 ER PT S AU IVEY, W KNAPP, L KOCHEVAR, P MACE, T AF IVEY, W KNAPP, L KOCHEVAR, P MACE, T GP IEEE TI VISUALIZATION AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION - WHAT ARE THE NEEDS AND THE REQUIREMENTS, IF ANY SO VISUALIZATION '94, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Visualization 94 Conference CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE, COMP SOC, TECH COMM COMP GRAPH, ASSOC COMP MACHINERY, SPECIAL INTEREST GRP GRAPH C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1070-2385 BN 0-8186-6627-7 J9 IEEE VISUAL PY 1994 BP 400 EP 403 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC60D UT WOS:A1994BC60D00062 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, H AF FREEMAN, H TI POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AT EPAS RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY - CLEANER PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND CLEANER PRODUCTS FOR A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Annual Gulf Coast Environmental Conference: Priorities in Pollution Prevention CY 1994 CL BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR AB ''I have four priorities for the Agency. First, pollution prevention...'' (Carol Browner, US EPA Administrator, April 13, 1993). EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) in Cincinnati, Ohio, has since 1988 supported a program to encourage the development, demonstration, and adoption of environmentally cleaner products and cleaner production processes. To date, some $8 million has been expended in various elements of the program. In this paper, the author highlights some achievements of die program, discusses current activities and projects, and offers some observations about where the RREL Pollution Prevention Program, and the pollution prevention movement in general, appears to be heading. RP FREEMAN, H (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/0956-053X(94)90064-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NZ089 UT WOS:A1994NZ08900002 ER PT J AU SCHMITT, RE PODAR, MK AF SCHMITT, RE PODAR, MK TI POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANNING IN REFINERIES - SETTING PRIORITIES BASED ON RISK SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Annual Gulf Coast Environmental Conference: Priorities in Pollution Prevention CY 1994 CL BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR AB This paper highlights some of the unique features, results, conclusions, and policy implications developed through a cooperative effort of Amoco Corporation and the United States Environmental Protection Agency to study pollution prevention at an operating refinery. The objectives of this innovative case study were to measure the emissions from a functioning industrial facility, evaluate options to reduce the emissions and their impacts, and examine the factors which encourage or discourage pollution prevention initiatives. One of the unique features of this study was its use of relative, risk reduction information to evaluate the effectiveness of various options to reduce emissions from the facility. C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,ECON ANAL SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SCHMITT, RE (reprint author), AMOCO CORP,DEPT ENVIRONM PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY,200 E RANDOLPH DR,CHICAGO,IL 60601, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0956-053X(94)90075-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NZ089 UT WOS:A1994NZ08900013 ER PT J AU CONVERY, JJ AF CONVERY, JJ TI CHALLENGES TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 8 BP 661 EP 670 DI 10.1016/0956-053X(94)90052-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QL990 UT WOS:A1994QL99000001 ER PT J AU TRANTER, M DAVIES, TD WIGINGTON, PJ ESHLEMAN, KN AF TRANTER, M DAVIES, TD WIGINGTON, PJ ESHLEMAN, KN TI EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION OF FRESH-WATER SYSTEMS IN CANADA - PHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC BROWNWATER STREAMS; NOVA-SCOTIA RIVERS; CENTRAL ONTARIO; SPRING SNOWMELT; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; SURFACE WATERS; LAKES; CHEMISTRY; RUNOFF; DEPOSITION AB The occurrence of episodic acidification in Canadian streams, lake waters and shallow groundwaters has been reviewed, and the contolling mechanisms identified. 'Episodes', which are periods of depressed alkalinity during hydrological events, have been studied mainly in southeastern Canada, and occur at all sites where there is sufficient time resolution of the observations, viz. Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia. An 'alkaline episode', where acidity decreases during an event, has been reported from one lake in the Canadian Artic. There is a bias towards the examination of episodes stimulated by snowmelt or rain-on-snow, since rainfall-stimulated episodes are poorly documented. Pre-event, rather than event, water dominates runoff during episodes. For this reason, biogeochemical reactions and the hydrological flowpaths in operation through the vadose and saturated zones are the principal controls on the chemical characteristics of episodes. Most episodes are dominated by base cation 'dilution' in circumneutral systems, and 'increase in strong acid anions' (particularly sulphate) in acidic systems. Episodes dominated by nitrification or organic acids or stimulated by sea salt input are rare or have not been decumented. Direct input of event water may dominate only during particular circumstances at snowmelt. Then, direct chemical inputs from lake ice and lake snow cover may be of importance in some systems. C1 UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP TRANTER, M (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOG,BRISTOL BS8 1SS,AVON,ENGLAND. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF01257115 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA MV272 UT WOS:A1994MV27200003 ER PT B AU BOWEN, R AF BOWEN, R GP NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RES INST TI Federal initiatives on the Rio Grande SO WATER FUTURE OF ALBUQUERQUE AND MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH ANNUAL NEW MEXICO WATER CONFERENCE SE WRRI REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Mexico Water Conference - The Water Future of Albuquerque and Middle Rio Grande Basin CY NOV 03-04, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP New Mexico Water Resources Res Inst, Amer Water Resources Assoc, New Mexico Sect C1 US EPA,REG 6,DIV WASTE MANAGEMENT,STATE PROGRAM SECT,DALLAS,TX 75202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW MEXICO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI LAS CRUCES PA NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 J9 WRRI REP PY 1994 IS 290 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BD59U UT WOS:A1994BD59U00010 ER PT J AU WEAVER, JW CHARBENEAU, RJ LIEN, BK AF WEAVER, JW CHARBENEAU, RJ LIEN, BK TI A SCREENING MODEL FOR NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID TRANSPORT IN THE VADOSE ZONE USING GREEN-AMPT AND KINEMATIC WAVE THEORY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA CONTAMINATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNSATURATED ZONE; MULTIPHASE APPROACH; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; WATER; FLOW; INFILTRATION; SIMULATION; SOIL AB In this paper, a screening model for flow of a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and associated chemical transport in the vadose zone is developed. The model is based on kinematic approximation of the governing equations for both the NAPL and a partitionable chemical constituent. The resulting governing equation is a first-order, quasi-linear hyperbolic equation to which the generalized method of characteristics can be applied. This approach generally neglects the contribution to the NAPL flux from capillary pressure gradients. During infiltration under ponded conditions, or when the NAPL flux exceeds the maximum effective conductivity of the soil, the effect of capillary suction is included in the model through the usage of the Green-Ampt model. All of the resulting model equations are in the form of ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically by a variable time step Runge-Kutta technique. Results from a simple column experiment were used to evaluate the vadose zone flow model assumptions. Independently measured parameters allow simulation without calibration of the model results. The match of the model to the data suggests that the model captures the qualitative behavior of the experimental system and is capable of an acceptable degree of quantitative agreement. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP WEAVER, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1029/93WR02341 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MP401 UT WOS:A1994MP40100009 ER PT J AU TOPUDURTI, K KEEFE, M WOOLIEVER, P LEWIS, N AF TOPUDURTI, K KEEFE, M WOOLIEVER, P LEWIS, N TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF PEROX-PURE(TM) CHEMICAL OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; GROUNDWATER; TRICHLOROETHENE; TETRACHLOROETHENE; 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; CHLOROFORM AB This paper presents the field evaluation results for an advanced chemical oxidation technology developed by Peroxidation Systems, Inc., of Tucson, Arizona. The technology, known as the perox-pure(TM) technology, was evaluated under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Site 300 in Tracy, California, in September 1992. The perox-pure(TM) technology uses ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide to oxidize dissolved organic compounds in water. At the LLNL site, this technology was evaluated in treating groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOC) including trichloroethene (TCE); tetrachloroethene (PCE); 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA); 1,1-dichloroethane (DCA); and chloroform. The perox-pure(TM) system generally produced an effluent that contained TCE, PCE, and DCA at levels below detection limits, and TCA and chloroform at levels slightly above detection limits. The system achieved maximum removal efficiencies of greater than 99.9, 98.7, and 95.8 percent for TCE, PCE, and DCA, respectively. The system also achieved removal efficiencies of up to 92.9 and 93.6 percent for TCA and chloroform, respectively. The treatment system effluent met California drinking water action levels and federal drinking water maximum contaminant levels for all VOCs at the 95 percent confidence level. Cost analysis indicated that the groundwater remediation cost for a 50-gallon per minute perox-pure(TM) system would range from $7 to $11 per 1,000 gallons, depending on contaminated groundwater characteristics. Of this total cost, the perox-pure(TM) system direct treatment cost would range from $3 to $5 per 1,000 gallons. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP TOPUDURTI, K (reprint author), PRC ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT INC,233 N MICHIGAN AVE,SUITE 1621,CHICAGO,IL 60601, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 30 IS 7 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QH658 UT WOS:A1994QH65800014 ER PT J AU SUIDAN, MT FLORA, JRV BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD AF SUIDAN, MT FLORA, JRV BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD TI OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF ANAEROBIC BIOFILM REACTORS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAWQ 7th International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion CY JAN 23-28, 1994 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL DE ACETATE; ANAEROBIC; BIOFILM; MODELING; REACTOR; PH EFFECTS ID PH; KINETICS AB A rigorous steady state model of acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is developed accounting for the mass transfer of neutral and ionic species, pH changes within the biofilm, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, chemical equilibrium, electroneutrality, gas production within the biofilm, and the presence of a concentration boundary layer (CBL). In contrast to traditional biofilm models where the pH is assumed to be constant within the biofilm, an increase in pH in acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is predicted. Furthermore, significant differences can exist between the flux predictions using the traditional models and when pH changes within the biofilm are taken into account. The optimum pH for acetate-utilizing biofilms is less than the optimum defined for suspended-growth systems. The biofilm model is coupled to a model of a completely-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and strategies for the optimization of biofilm reactor performance are examined. For a fixed set of operating conditions, an optimum influent pH can be defined that corresponds to the maximum removal efficiency and flux of acetate into the biofilm. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SUIDAN, MT (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 30 IS 12 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QX613 UT WOS:A1994QX61300035 ER PT J AU BRIDGES, JS AF BRIDGES, JS TI US EPAS POLLUTION PREVENTION RD-AND-D RESULTS - PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR THE TRADE SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Waste Management in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries: New Technologies and Practices for Waste Minimization CY OCT 20-23, 1993 CL SALVADOR, BRAZIL DE WASTE MINIMIZATION; POLLUTION PREVENTION; WASTE REDUCTION; CLEAN TECHNOLOGY; SOURCE REDUCTION; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT AB Waste minimization/pollution prevention has become the strategic approach to waste management in the 90s and the hope for environmental management as we enter the third millenium. Nearly a decade ago, EPA's Office of Research and Development began a focused Waste Minimization Research Program to identify and demonstrate technology for reducing the generation of wastes and shifted the Agency's priority from end-of-pipe controls to the prevention of waste generation. The purpose of this presentation is to share a number of the results from several years of researching engineering solutions to multi-media problems, building a sound scientific foundation to support pollution prevention (P2) principles, and developing and demonstrating pollution prevention technologies, tools, and techniques. The ''tools of the trade'' for pollution prevention are the research reports that provide results of technology development, the case studies and demonstrations of P2 technologies, and the technical guides and manuals for conducting P2 activities. Technology Development - Tools resulting from technology development include the numerous research reports and briefs from: 1) the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Program, 2) pollution Prevention Measurement Projects, and 3) the Innovative Clean Technologies Program. Technology Demonstration - Tools resulting from technology demonstration include the research reports and summaries from: 1) the Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation (WRITE) Program, 2) the Waste Reduction Evaluation At Federal Sites (WREAFS) program, 3) the New Jersey/EPA Waste Minimization Assessment Project, and 4) Small Generator Waste Minimization Assessment Program. Technical Guides and Manuals - These tools include: 1)Facility Pollution Prevention Guide, 2) 16 industry specific guides to pollution prevention, 3) Background Document on Clean Products Research and Implementation, and 4) industrial Pollution Prevention Opportunities for the 1990s. Much of the EPA's Pollution Prevention RD&D Program has focused on the development and demonstration of practical tools to encourage the development and adoption of processing technologies and products that will lead to reducing the aggregate generation rates for pollutatants entering various environmental media. The strategic direction for pollution prevention RD&D through the 1990s is: 1) to study high risk environmental problems where P2 offers a cost-effective solution for reducing the risks, 2) to conduct cross-cutting research such as measurement, modelling, and LCA that can be applied to multiple problems, and 3) to establish joint global P2 RD&D ventures where products and processes know no waste generating boundaries. RP BRIDGES, JS (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,25 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA PP093 UT WOS:A1994PP09300021 ER PT J AU BROWN, DS REED, SC AF BROWN, DS REED, SC TI INVENTORY OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAWQ 3rd International Specialist Conference on Wetland Systems in Water Pollution Control CY NOV 23-25, 1992 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL DE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; FREE WATER SURFACE; SUBSURFACE FLOW AB During 1990 and 1991 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored an effort to identify existing and planned constructed wetlands in the U.S., and to collect readily available information from operating systems. In addition to inquiries by telephone and mail, the effort included site visits to over 20 operating subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The inventory documented the presence of over 150 constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment, including both free water surface (FWS) and subsurface flow (SF) systems. The majority of the systems identified were SF systems for treating municipal wastewater. FWS systems were separated into three groups based on the design level of effluent water quality. SF systems were separated into three groups based on the basic design approach. The inventory indicated that neither between nor within these groups was there consensus regarding basic hydraulic and engineering design criteria, system configuration, or any other aspect, such as type of vegetation, size and type of media, or pretreatment. Information on location, type of system, design approach, hydraulic and organic loading rates, costs, and other aspects is presented. Information gathered and ''lessons learned'' from the site visits are presented. Insufficient oxygen for nitrification appears to be a problem for both FWS and SF systems. Insufficient hydraulic design appears to be a problem for SF systems. C1 ENVIRONM ENGN CONSULTANTS,NORWICH,VT 05055. RP BROWN, DS (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA NV300 UT WOS:A1994NV30000040 ER PT B AU BARBER, MC AF BARBER, MC BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI APPROACHES TO MODELING SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00015 ER PT B AU BIRD, SL AF BIRD, SL BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI FATE AND EXPOSURE MODELING IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS - A PROCESS APPROACH SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; PROCESS MODELING C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00016 ER PT B AU BARBER, MC AF BARBER, MC BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI MODELING ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF PESTICIDES ON AVIAN POPULATIONS - SYNTHESIS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE ECOLOGICAL MODELING; RISK ASSESSMENT; POPULATION BIOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PESTICIDES; PHYSIOLOGY; TOXICOLOGY C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00020 ER PT B AU BENNETT, RS AF BENNETT, RS BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI DO BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES TO PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AFFECT WILDLIFE POPULATION PARAMETERS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE BEHAVIOR; FORAGING PATTERNS; REPRODUCTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE; CARBAMATE C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 241 EP 250 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00024 ER PT B AU FAIRBROTHER, A AF FAIRBROTHER, A BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY OF CAPTIVE AND WILD BIRDS SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; AVIAN; PESTICIDES C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00025 ER PT B AU LEARY, NA SCHERAGA, JD AF LEARY, NA SCHERAGA, JD BE Shen, SY TI THE COSTS OF DIFFERENT ENERGY TAXES FOR STABILIZING UNITED-STATES CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS - AN APPLICATION OF THE GEMINI MODEL SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 5, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE AND POLICY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1993 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming Science and Policy: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 1993 CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,DIV CLIMATE CHANGE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-3-3 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 372 EP 386 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36T UT WOS:A1994BA36T00017 ER PT B AU HABICHT, FH AF HABICHT, FH BE Finkel, AM Golding, D TI EPAS VISION FOR SETTING NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES SO WORST THINGS FIRST ?: THE DEBATE OVER RISK-BASED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Debate Over Risk-Based National Environmental Priorities CY NOV 15-17, 1992 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP RESOURCES FUTURE, CTR RISK MANAGEMENT C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-915707-74-8 PY 1994 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC19P UT WOS:A1994BC19P00003 ER PT B AU KENT, CW ALLEN, FW AF KENT, CW ALLEN, FW BE Finkel, AM Golding, D TI AN OVERVIEW OF RISK-BASED PRIORITY SETTING AT EPA SO WORST THINGS FIRST ?: THE DEBATE OVER RISK-BASED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Debate Over Risk-Based National Environmental Priorities CY NOV 15-17, 1992 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP RESOURCES FUTURE, CTR RISK MANAGEMENT C1 US EPA,STATE CAPAC TEAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-915707-74-8 PY 1994 BP 47 EP 68 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC19P UT WOS:A1994BC19P00004 ER PT B AU MEHAN, GT AF MEHAN, GT BE Finkel, AM Golding, D TI THE STATES - THE NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR THE RISK-BASED PARADIGM SO WORST THINGS FIRST ?: THE DEBATE OVER RISK-BASED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Debate Over Risk-Based National Environmental Priorities CY NOV 15-17, 1992 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP RESOURCES FUTURE, CTR RISK MANAGEMENT C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-915707-74-8 PY 1994 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC19P UT WOS:A1994BC19P00012 ER PT J AU DAHLING, DR WRIGHT, BA WILLIAMS, FP AF DAHLING, DR WRIGHT, BA WILLIAMS, FP TI DETECTION OF VIRUSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES - SUITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL ROTAVIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS TEST KITS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS TEST KIT; ADENOVIRUS TEST KIT; ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING ID CELL-CULTURE; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; SLUDGE; IMMUNOASSAYS; RECOVERY; DRINKING; SURVIVAL; SEWAGE AB Commercially marketed kits are now available for rapid viral assay of clinical specimens. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of these kits for use in environmental testing. Eight rotavirus kits and one enteric adenovirus kit were screened for sensitivity using simian rotavirus SA11, human rotavirus Wa, and adenovirus 41. The most sensitive rotavirus kit and the adenovirus kit were selected for further evaluation using virus-seeded and unseeded sewage samples. The selected rotavirus kit proved capable of detecting virus at the 10(1) PFU/ml level. The enteric adenovirus kit was similarly sensitive, detecting virus at the 10(1) TCID50/ml level. Neither kit was adversely affected by the presence of sewage. Kit assay revealed 3 of 30 unseeded sewage samples to be positive for rotavirus. Adenovirus positive samples were not detected among the 30 samples. These results were confirmed using electron microscopy. It was concluded that sensitive commercial kits could provide a reasonable alternative to cell culture for the presumptive testing of environmental samples. RP DAHLING, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90098-C PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MK822 UT WOS:A1993MK82200002 PM 8113340 ER PT J AU SUSSMAN, B AF SUSSMAN, B TI BURNED UP SO NATION LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 257 IS 19 BP 708 EP 708 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA MJ883 UT WOS:A1993MJ88300020 ER PT J AU REDDY, TV WIECHMAN, BE LIN, EL CHANG, LW SMITH, MK DANIEL, FB REDDY, G AF REDDY, TV WIECHMAN, BE LIN, EL CHANG, LW SMITH, MK DANIEL, FB REDDY, G TI SEPARATION AND QUANTITATION OF NITROBENZENES AND THEIR REDUCTION PRODUCTS NITROANILINES AND PHENYLENEDIAMINES BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Note ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; RATS; METABOLISM; 1,3-DINITROBENZENE; TOXICITY AB A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of a mixture consisting of nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene isomers, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and their reduction products: aniline, nitroanilines and phenylenediamines has been developed. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible. The mixture is resolved on a Zorbax C-8 column with 0.1% triethylamine and methanol as the mobile phase. The detection limits for individual chemicals at 254 nm are in the range of 25-50 ng. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. USA,BIOMED RES & DEV LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP REDDY, TV (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ECOL MOINTORING RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 3 PY 1993 VL 655 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83240-S PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MW226 UT WOS:A1993MW22600021 ER PT J AU BELL, DA SIEGRIST, HG BUURMAN, JD AF BELL, DA SIEGRIST, HG BUURMAN, JD TI PARAGENESIS AND RESERVOIR QUALITY WITHIN A SHALLOW COMBINATION TRAP - CENTRAL WEST-VIRGINIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID POROSITY; SANDSTONES AB Sandstone character and reservoir quality of the Lower Mississippian Pocono Big Injun sandstone were examined in Granny Creek-Stockly field, Clay County, West Virginia. Sixty-three samples from 6 wells were analyzed using transmitted light, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The Pocono Big Injun formation is divided into four ''sands'' (Injun 1 through 4) based on composition and hydrocarbon productivity. The Injun 1 sand is a fine-grained, carbonate-cemented litharenite below the oil-producing zone. The oil-productive Injun 2 and 3 sands are well sorted, fine-grained litharenites which contain more authigenic and allogenic clay minerals than adjacent sands. These sands have produced more than 3.4 million bbl of oil from the Granny Creek part of the field since 1925. The Injun 4 sand is generally a coarse-grained sub-litharenite with marginal gas production limited to the uppermost section of the sand. The paragenetic sequence consists of (1) minor quartz overgrowths, (2) iltite and chlorite grain coatings, (3) quartz overgrowths, (4) early carbonate, (5) kaolinite, (6) calcite, (7) dolomite, and (8) pyrite. Porosity and permeability were not preserved once paragenesis progressed past the kaolinite stage. Porosity and permeability are variably preserved when steps in the paragenetic sequence are absent within the Pocono Group. Where any porosity is identified within the Pocono sandstones, primary porosity is dominant. However, secondary porosity and microporosity in clay-rich intervals are also important. Secondary porosity was created by the dissolution of cements and detrital grains. Authigenic chlorite grain coatings may not be responsible for preserving primary porosity in the Big Injun sands. C1 WATER & ENERGY RES INST WESTERN PACIFIC,MANGILAO,GU 96923. COLUMBIA NAT RESOURCES INC,CHARLESTON,WV 25362. RP BELL, DA (reprint author), US EPA,REG 4,345 COURTLAND ST NE,ATLANTA,GA 30365, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 2077 EP 2091 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MN697 UT WOS:A1993MN69700005 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME REASONER, DJ AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME REASONER, DJ TI RAPID GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A rapid test procedure for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase was developed for detection of Escherichia coli. The assay procedure was able to confirm the presence of E. coli in enteric broth cultures with 95% specificity for both pure cultures and environmental samples. The procedure was capable of detecting survivors among chlorine-exposed cells. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4347 EP 4349 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400054 PM 8285721 ER PT J AU BRENNER, KP RANKIN, CC ROYBAL, VR STELMA, GN SCARPINO, PV DUFOUR, AP AF BRENNER, KP RANKIN, CC ROYBAL, VR STELMA, GN SCARPINO, PV DUFOUR, AP TI NEW MEDIUM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF TOTAL COLIFORMS AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN WATER (VOL 59, PG 3534, 1993) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP BRENNER, KP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4378 EP 4378 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400067 ER PT J AU COX, WM CHU, SH AF COX, WM CHU, SH TI METEOROLOGICALLY ADJUSTED OZONE TRENDS IN URBAN AREAS - A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE AMBIENT OZONE; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; URBAN TRENDS ANALYSIS; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL MODELS; BOOTSTRAP METHOD AB A method has been developed that explicitly accounts for the effect of meteorological fluctuations on the annual distribution of ground-level ozone in urban areas. The model includes a trend component that adjusts the annual rate of change in ozone for concurrent impacts of meteorological conditions, including surface temperature and wind speed. The model was applied using available data from 43 urban areas throughout the U.S.A. where ozone levels frequently exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The results suggest that meteorologically adjusted upper percentiles of the distribution of daily maximum I-h ozone are decreasing in most urban areas over the period from 1981 to 1991. The median rate of change was -1.1% per year indicating that ozone levels have decreased approximately 11% over this time period. Trends estimated by ignoring the meteorological component appear to underestimate the rate of improvement in ozone primarily because of the uneven year-to-year distribution of meteorological conditions favorable to ozone. RP COX, WM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,MD-14,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90019-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV291 UT WOS:A1993MV29100006 ER PT J AU EVANS, WJ KOBAL, G LORIG, TS PRAH, JD AF EVANS, WJ KOBAL, G LORIG, TS PRAH, JD TI SUGGESTIONS FOR COLLECTION AND REPORTING OF CHEMOSENSORY (OLFACTORY) EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Note ID RESPONSES AB Chemosensory event-related potentials hold great promise for furthering the understanding of the olfactory system, the processing of olfactory information, and disease processes affecting olfaction. Collection of this type of data has been difficult and suggestions are presented to aid investigators new to this field. Suggestions for nomenclature, recording parameters, chemosensory stimulation parameters and reporting conventions are discussed. Also discussed are the future directions of this field and the current needs regarding the development of a normative database. C1 WASHINGTON & LEE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,LEXINGTON,VA 24450. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,COLL MED,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG,W-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1093/chemse/18.6.751 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA MR100 UT WOS:A1993MR10000008 ER PT J AU BRADFORD, DF TABATABAI, F GRABER, DM AF BRADFORD, DF TABATABAI, F GRABER, DM TI ISOLATION OF REMAINING POPULATIONS OF THE NATIVE FROG, RANA-MUSCOSA, BY INTRODUCED FISHES IN SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL-PARKS, CALIFORNIA SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Rana muscosa (mountain yellow-legged frog) was eliminated by introduced fishes early in this century in many of the lakes and streams in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. In waters not inhabited by fish, however, R. muscosa has disappeared from many sites within the parks during the past 30 years, and it appears to have gone extinct in some drainage systems. Fragmentation of populations may have caused or contributed to these recent extinctions, because R. muscosa populations are significantly more isolated from one another by fish at present than in prestocking conditions. A total of 312 lake-sites in 95 drainage basins were surveyed for amphibians and fish in 1989-1990. For the 109 sites containing R- muscosa, we delineated networks of sites connected to one another via fishless streams, and we compared these present fishless networks (''present networks'') to those expected for the same sites assuming that fish bad not been introduced to the parks (''former networks''). Most present networks consist of only one site (mean = 1. 4), whereas the former networks, average 5.2 sites. This difference represents approximately a 10-fold difference in connectivity of populations, which is defined is the mean number of potential dispersal links (fishless streams) per network. Connectivity averages only 0.43 in present networks, in contrast to 4.15 in former ones. RP BRADFORD, DF (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 0 TC 131 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 882 EP 888 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740882.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP158 UT WOS:A1993MP15800018 ER PT J AU AKLAND, GG AF AKLAND, GG TI EXPOSURE OF THE GENERAL-POPULATION TO GASOLINE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Health Effects of Gasoline CY NOV 05-08, 1991 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER PETR INST, ASSOC SWEDISH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS & WHOLESALERS, HLTH EFFECTS INST, INST EVALUAT HLTH RISKS, INST PETR, JAPAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC US, PETR ASSOC JAPAN, US EPA, W STATES PETR ASSOC ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BENZENE AB This paper summarizes the currently available information on gasoline exposure to the general population. In general, the largest contribution to the time weighted exposures results from exposures while indoors, which are influenced by the outside ail; indoor sources, and attached garages. Personal activities, including refueling and commuting, contribute significantly higher exposures but last for only a small portion of the 24-hr time weighted average. The highest exposed group includes those individuals living near large service stations and those with contaminated water supplies. RP AKLAND, GG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV MD75,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 6 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY181 UT WOS:A1993MY18100005 PM 8020446 ER PT J AU RODGERS, IS BAETCKE, KP AF RODGERS, IS BAETCKE, KP TI INTERPRETATION OF MALE-RAT RENAL TUBULE TUMORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Health Effects of Gasoline CY NOV 05-08, 1991 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER PETR INST, ASSOC SWEDISH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS & WHOLESALERS, HLTH EFFECTS INST, INST EVALUAT HLTH RISKS, INST PETR, JAPAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC US, PETR ASSOC JAPAN, US EPA, W STATES PETR ASSOC ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; HYALINE DROPLET NEPHROPATHY; VAPOR INHALATION TOXICITY; FEMALE FISCHER-344 RATS; GLOBULIN GENE FAMILY; UNLEADED GASOLINE; D-LIMONENE; ALPHA-2U GLOBULIN; 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY AB Based on an analysis of recent scientific studies, a Technical Panel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Risk Assessment Forum recently advised EPB risk assessors against using information on certain male rat renal tubule tumors to assess human risk under conditions specified in a new Forum report. Risk assessment approaches generally assume that chemicals producing tumors in laboratory animals are a potential cancer hazard to humans. For most chemicals, including classical rodent kidney carcinogens such as N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine, this extrapolation remains appropriate. Some chemicals, however, induce accumulation of alpha(2u)-grobulin (alpha(2u)-g), a low molecular weight protein, in the male rat kidney. The alpha(2u)-g accumulation initiates a sequence of events that appears to lead to renal tubule tumor formation. Female rats and other laboratory mammals administered the same chemicals do not accumulate low molecular weight protein in the kidney, and they do not develop renal tubule tumors. Because humans appear to be more like other laboratory animals than like the male rat, in this special situation, the male rat is not a good model for assessing human risk. The Forum report stresses the need for full scrutiny of a substantial set of data to determine when it is reasonable to presume that renal tumors in male rats are inked to a process involving alpha(2u)-g accumulation and to select appropriate procedures for estimating human risks under such circumstances. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 6 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY181 UT WOS:A1993MY18100009 PM 7517352 ER PT J AU BIRNBAUM, LS AF BIRNBAUM, LS TI A BRIEF SURVEY OF BUTADIENE HEALTH-EFFECTS - A ROLE FOR METABOLIC DIFFERENCES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Health Effects of Gasoline CY NOV 05-08, 1991 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER PETR INST, ASSOC SWEDISH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS & WHOLESALERS, HLTH EFFECTS INST, INST EVALUAT HLTH RISKS, INST PETR, JAPAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC US, PETR ASSOC JAPAN, US EPA, W STATES PETR ASSOC ID MALE B6C3F1 MICE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; INHALED 1,3-BUTADIENE; GAS UPTAKE; RATS; EXPOSURE; MOUSE; 1,2-EPOXYBUTENE-3 AB 1,3-Butadiene is a major monomer in the rubber and plastics industry and is one of the highest-production industrial chemicals in the United States. Although not highly acutely toxic to rodents, inhalation of concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm causes tumors in mice. Butadiene is oncogenic in rats, but much higher exposure concentrations are required than in mice. Chronic toxicity targets the gonads and hematopoetic system. Butadiene is also a potent mutagen and clastogen. Differences in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of butadiene appear to be relatively minor between rats and mice, although mice do retain more butadiene and its metabolites after exposure to the same concentration and hare a higher rate of metabolic elimination. Recent studies have demonstrated that major species differences appear to occur in the rate of detoxication of the primary metabolite, 3-epoxybutene (butadiene monoepoxide [BDMO]). Mice have the greatest rate of production of BDMO as compared to other species, hut the rate of removal of BDMO appears to be less than in other species. Mice have low levels of epoxide hydrolase; rats have intermediate levels; monkeys and humans appear to have high levels of this detoxifying enzyme. Thus, while only low levels of butadiene exposure may result in an accumulation of BDMO in the mouse, much higher levels would be required to result in an elevation of circulating BDMO in other species. The level of this reactive metabolite may be correlated with the species differences in butadiene sensitivity. RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 6 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY181 UT WOS:A1993MY18100021 PM 8020440 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF AF MCDONNELL, WF TI UTILITY OF CONTROLLED HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES FOR ASSESSING THE HEALTH-EFFECTS OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES AND INDOOR AIR-POLLUTANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE CLINICAL STUDIES; COMPLEX MIXTURES; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; AIR POLLUTION; EXPOSURE CHAMBERS ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OZONE; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTION; AEROSOL; ACID AB The study of health effects induced by exposure to mixtures of pollutants is a complex task. The purpose of this paper is to identify areas of research in which the conduct of human controlled exposure (clinical) studies may contribute to better understanding health effects of exposure to indoor air and other mixtures. The strengths and weaknesses of clinical studies in general are reviewed, as well as examples from the literature of approaches that have been used. Human chamber studies play an important role alongside epidemiologic and animal toxicologic studies in such research. Human chamber studies are limited with regard to assessing chronic effects, rare effects, or effects from long-duration exposures but are powerful in assessing acute, reversible effects from short-duration exposures in humans. The areas in which human chamber studies are most likely to contribute include identification of effects or markers of effects for exposure to a given pollutant or mix of pollutants; direct dose-response assessment of effects for individual compounds and mixtures of set composition; identification of individual compounds responsible for the effects of a mixture; study of the joint effects of a binary mixture; development of markers of acute exposure for particular compounds; development of outcome measurements to be used in the field; and identification, characterization, and testing of sensitive subpopulations. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 4 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.2307/3431678 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY180 UT WOS:A1993MY18000024 PM 8206031 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, RB AF DEVLIN, RB TI IDENTIFICATION OF SUBPOPULATIONS THAT ARE SENSITIVE TO OZONE EXPOSURE - USE OF END-POINTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE AND POTENTIAL USE OF LABORATORY-BASED END-POINTS UNDER DEVELOPMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE OZONE; SENSITIVE SUBPOPULATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMANS; BIOMARKERS ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AMBIENT LEVELS; BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY; RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; NEUTROPHIL INFLUX; LUNG PERIPHERY; GUINEA-PIGS; PPM OZONE; HUMANS AB A number of epidemiological studies have attempted to assess the effect of recurrent ozone exposure in humans. For the most part, they have failed to document convincingly an association between chronic ozone exposure and differences in lung function performance or respiratory symptoms. This is not surprising given the small respiratory effects observed in animals chronically exposed to ozone and assuming that people with abnormal respiratory function resulting from other occupational or environmental exposures, such as tobacco smoke, would make up a much larger percentage of the population than people with respiratory effects attributable to ozone. Therefore, either more sensitive end points must be developed to detect subtle changes due to chronic ozone exposure, or ways of selecting subpopulations that are especially sensitive to ozone must be devised. It has been well documented that there are large and reproducible differences in the acute response of individuals to ozone as measured by pulmonary function tests. Recently, it has also been shown that there are large differences in the acute response of individuals to ozone as measured by inflammatory and other biochemical parameters. This paper discusses the problems of selecting individuals who are sensitive to ozone depending on the end point chosen. It also describes potential new sensitive end points that might be available for ozone epidemiology studies in the near future. C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 4 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY180 UT WOS:A1993MY18000030 PM 8206037 ER PT J AU CLARK, JR LEWIS, MA PAIT, AS AF CLARK, JR LEWIS, MA PAIT, AS TI PESTICIDE INPUTS AND RISKS IN COASTAL WETLANDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDES; WETLANDS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; FIELD STUDIES; ESTUARY ID TOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; FENVALERATE; DEPOSITION; ENDOSULFAN; COMMUNITY; FENTHION; SURVIVAL; COPEPODS; FIELD AB Coastal wetland habitats may receive pesticide inputs indirectly from agricultural and forest control of weeds and insects in upland drainage areas; indirectly or directly from weed, insect, and biofouling control from development of adjacent lands for agricultural, recreational, or residential uses; and directly from control activities practiced within wetlands for protection of public health or for nuisance abatement. Persistent and bioaccumulative pesticides used at upland sites have threatened coastal wetland biota. For more biodegradable contemporary pesticides, concerns for ecological impact are more a function of the proximity of the site of application relative to the wetland, and time available for degradation and sorption. In addition, the rate and extent of localized mixing, flushing, and stratification within the wetland can greatly affect exposure concentrations and durations for wetland biota. The short-term, direct toxic effects of pesticides on aquatic biota inhabiting coastal wetlands have been characterized in laboratory and field studies; however, assessment of the cumulative and indirect effects of repeated exposures to multiple chemicals at sublethal concentrations is a major research need. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NOAA,DIV ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2225 EP 2233 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[2225:PIARIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MG941 UT WOS:A1993MG94100006 ER PT J AU BARLES, B AINSWORTH, S AF BARLES, B AINSWORTH, S TI EPA DEVELOPS GROUND-WATER PROTECTION APPROACH SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP BARLES, B (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,DIV GROUND WATER PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00425.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KM429 UT WOS:A1993KM42900003 ER PT J AU DURANT, ND MYERS, VB ECCLES, LA AF DURANT, ND MYERS, VB ECCLES, LA TI EPAS APPROACH TO VADOSE ZONE MONITORING AT RCRA FACILITIES SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed to amend federal regulations to require vadose zone monitoring at certain hazardous waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated previous policy on vadose zone monitoring and examined advances in vadose zone monitoring technology. Changes in EPA vadose zone monitoring policy were driven by demonstrated advances in the available monitoring technology and improvements in understanding of vadose zone processes. When used under the appropriate conditions, currently available direct and indirect monitoring methods can effectively detect contamination that may leak from hazardous waste facilities into the vadose zone. Direct techniques examined include soil-core monitoring and soil-pore liquid monitoring. Indirect techniques examined include soil-gas monitoring, neutron moderation, complex resistivity, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity. Properly designed vadose zone monitoring networks can act as a complement to saturated zone monitoring networks at numerous hazardous waste facilities. At certain facilities, particularly those in arid climates where the saturated zone is relatively deep, effective vadose zone monitoring may allow a reduction in the scope of saturated zone monitoring programs. RP DURANT, ND (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,401 M ST SW OS-341,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00432.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KM429 UT WOS:A1993KM42900010 ER PT J AU INYANG, HI PITT, JM AF INYANG, HI PITT, JM TI THE ROCK FRACTURE HAMMER FOR INDEXING THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF ROCKS IN MECHANICAL EXCAVATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES & GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP US NATL COMM ROCK MECH HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA 50010. RP INYANG, HI (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 7 BP 707 EP 710 DI 10.1016/0148-9062(93)90010-B PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MR679 UT WOS:A1993MR67900009 ER PT J AU PAGE, SD AF PAGE, SD TI REDUCING THE RADON HAZARD SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP PAGE, SD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV RADON,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA KG356 UT WOS:A1993KG35600011 ER PT J AU GOLDGRABE, JC SUMMERS, RS MILTNER, RJ AF GOLDGRABE, JC SUMMERS, RS MILTNER, RJ TI PARTICLE REMOVAL AND HEAD LOSS DEVELOPMENT IN BIOLOGICAL FILTERS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FILTRATION AB The physical performance of granular media filters was studied under prechlorinated, backwash-chlorinated, and nonchlorinated conditions. Overall, biological filtration produced a high-quality water. Although effluent turbidities showed little difference between the performance of biological filters and conventional prechlorinated filters, differences were shown with particle counts. Although prechlorination yielded slightly better net particle removal than biological filtration, the overall order of magnitude and size range of particles removed was similar. Biological filtration also produced economical filter run times. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GOLDGRABE, JC (reprint author), JOHN CAROLLO ENGINEERS,450 N WIGET LANE,WALNUT CREEK,CA 94598, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 12 BP 94 EP 106 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MN635 UT WOS:A1993MN63500011 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB KATZ, I AF MARTONEN, TB KATZ, I TI DEPOSITION PATTERNS OF POLYDISPERSE AEROSOLS WITHIN HUMAN LUNGS SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE AEROSOLS; INHALED DRUGS; AIRBORNE PHARMACEUTICALS; LUNG DISEASE AB The efficacy of airborne pharmaceuticals in the treatment of lung diseases can may be improved with the selective deposition of inhaled drugs. Herein, a validated mathematical model is used to examine the effects of aerosol polydispersity upon deposition in the human lung. Localized deposition patterns are calculated on an airway generation-by-generation basis. For log-normal particle size distributions, as produced by metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and nebulizers, deposition efficiencies are shown to be sensitive functions of the mass median aerodynamic-diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). The relevance of the count median diameter (CMD) of a log-normal distribution is also examined. To explain the deposition patterns of inhaled aerosols, the efficiencies of the separate mechanisms of inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion are examined as functions of flow rates and particle sizes. To demonstrate applicability, the model is used to simulate the clinical inhalation exposure tests of Newman et al. [1989, 1991a] using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and MDIs. The agreement between between theory and experiment indicates that the behavior of inhaled particles is accurately modeled. The model provides a heretofore unavailable basis for interpreting the information obtained from gamma camera lung scans. Therefore, it may aid in the design of future drug delivery tests. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD WIN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 251 EP 274 DI 10.1089/jam.1993.6.251 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA MQ794 UT WOS:A1993MQ79400002 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD TI THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE POTENTIAL OF HALOGENATED METHANES TO UNDERGO REDUCTIVE METABOLISM SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC REDUCTION; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; CYTOCHROME-P-450; CHLOROFORM; MICROSOMES; ALKANES; HEATS AB The density-functional theory (DFT)-based computational chemistry software package DMol was used to provide insight into the reductive potentials of a series of halomethanes. It is known that certain members of this series are readily reduced in vivo via catalysis by cytochrome P450. DMol was used to calculate the electron affinities of these molecules to be used as measures of their reduction potentials. Our results are consistent with experimental electrochemical reduction potentials and indicate that electron affinity is dependent upon the number and type of halogens present in the molecule. Calculated bond lengths and angles also compared favorably with experimental results and estimates derived from other ab initio methods of calculation. Concurrent with this study was the observation of a linear empirical relationship between electron affinity and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy. It is possible that these values could be used as indicators of reductive potentials and ultimately of metabolic rates for use in PB-PK models designed to predict the dose associated with the toxicity of molecules of this and other classes. (C) 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US EPA, DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL, PHARMACOKINET BRANCH, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1575 EP 1579 DI 10.1002/jcc.540141220 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MH776 UT WOS:A1993MH77600019 ER PT J AU PAGE, S AF PAGE, S TI EPAS STRATEGY TO REDUCE RISK OF RADON SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP PAGE, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV RADON,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 56 IS 5 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK825 UT WOS:A1993MK82500006 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB AF MARTONEN, TB TI MATHEMATICAL-MODEL FOR THE SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF INHALED PHARMACEUTICALS SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; AIRWAYS; LUNG; FLOW; PATTERNS AB To accurately assess the potential therapeutic effects of airborne drugs, the deposition sites of inhaled particles must be known. Herein, an original theory is presented for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and related prophylaxis of airway diseases. The mathematical model describes the behavior and fate of particles in the lungs of adult human subjects under Various breathing conditions. Their deposition patterns are calculated via superposition of the separate but not independent processes of inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion. The related computer code is designed to calculate total and compartmental (tracheobronchial and pulmonary) distributions of inhaled aerosols. in this manuscript, the model is first tested via comparisons of predicted deposition patterns with laboratory data from human inhalation exposure experiments and then it is applied to determine which factors most influence the dosimetry of inhaled particles. In this format, deposition patterns are explicitly related to particle characteristics; ventilatory parameters, and intersubject variabilities of lung morphologies. The dosimetric model was developed to improve the efficacy of aerosol therapy via the selective deposition of inhaled pharmaceuticals at prescribed lung locations to elicit optimum effects. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27519. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 47 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1199 DI 10.1002/jps.2600821202 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA MJ541 UT WOS:A1993MJ54100001 PM 8308694 ER PT J AU SCHEFFE, RD HANSEN, DA RAO, ST AF SCHEFFE, RD HANSEN, DA RAO, ST TI IS A NO(X)-FOCUSED CONTROL STRATEGY THE SOLUTION TO REDUCING URBAN OZONE LEVELS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion ID AIR-QUALITY; EASTERN C1 ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,ALBANY,NY 12201. RP SCHEFFE, RD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1562 EP 1565 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NM389 UT WOS:A1993NM38900002 ER PT J AU SHREFFLER, JH AF SHREFFLER, JH TI COMPARISON OF NONMETHANE ORGANIC-COMPOUND CONCENTRATION DATA COLLECTED BY 2 METHODS IN ATLANTA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 calls for ''enhanced monitoring'' of ozone, which is planned to include measurements of atmospheric non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs). NMOC concentration data gathered by two methods in Atlanta, Georgia during July and August 1990 are compared in order to assess the reliability of such measurements in an operational setting. During that period, automated gas chromatography (GC) systems (Field systems) were used to collect NMOC continuously as one-hour averages. In addition, canister samples of ambient air were collected on an intermittent schedule for quality control purposes and analyzed by laboratory GC (the Lab system). Data from the six-site network included concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, total NMOC (TNMOC), and 47 identified NMOCs. Regression analysis indicates that the average TNMOC concentration from the Lab system is about 50 percent higher than that from the Field system, and that the bulk of the difference is due to unidentified NMOCs recorded by the Lab system. Also, there are substantial uncertainties in predicting a single Field TNMOC concentration from a measured Lab concentration. Considering individual identified NMOCs, agreement between the systems is poor for many olefins that occur at low concentrations but may be photochemically important. Regressions of TNMOC against CO and NO(x) lead to the conclusion that the larger unidentified component being reported by the Lab system is not closely related to local combustion or automotive sources. RP SHREFFLER, JH (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,MD 75,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1576 EP 1584 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NM389 UT WOS:A1993NM38900004 ER PT J AU LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF COFFIN, DL HECK, WW AF LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF COFFIN, DL HECK, WW TI AN AIR-QUALITY DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR INTERRELATING EFFECTS, STANDARDS, AND NEEDED SOURCE REDUCTIONS .12. EFFECTS ON MAN, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF AIR POLLUTANT IMPACT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CROP REDUCTION; INJURY AB The impact-effect mathematical model, developed in 1991, improves on a previous mathematical model, and was developed to predict biological response as a function of air pollutant impact. Impact is defined here as exposure duration multiplied by air pollutant concentration raised to an exponent (t . c(d)). This papers purpose is to plot and regress example biological effects as a function of air pollutant impact to determine how well the plotted data fit the impact-effect-model for three target populations: man, animals, and plants (a wide range of life forms). The three biological effects are: for man, lung function decrease after exposure to ozone (O3); for animals, mouse mortality after exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2); and for plants, leaf injury after exposure to O3. The three resultant regression equations account for a substantial amount of the data variance: 95 percent for lung function, 92 percent for leaf injury, and 73 percent for mouse mortality. The model fits the animal and plant data that cover both acute and chronic exposures. The animal exposures ranged from 6 min to 1 yr. The plant exposures ranged from 0.75 to 552 h. C1 USDA,RALEIGH,NC. RP LARSEN, RI (reprint author), US EPA,AREAL,DIV HUMAN EXPOSURE & FIELD RES,HUMAN EXPOSURE RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1585 EP 1592 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NM389 UT WOS:A1993NM38900005 ER PT J AU BEHRENFELD, MJ CHAPMAN, JW HARDY, JT LEE, H AF BEHRENFELD, MJ CHAPMAN, JW HARDY, JT LEE, H TI IS THERE A COMMON RESPONSE TO ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION BY MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ACTION SPECTRA; DOSE RESPONSE; PHYTOPLANKTON; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ID OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IMPACT; PHOTOINHIBITION; INHIBITION; WATERS AB Global increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) have the potential to alter marine primary production and to affect carbon cycles and marine trophic dynamics. Estimates of UVBR induced photoinhibition have varied greatly, indicating that a common dose-response by marine phytoplankton may not occur from place to place. An action spectrum describing the wavelength specific effects of UVBR on carbon fixation was determined by comparing responses of phytoplankton exposed to natural and artificial UVBR sources. Application of this new action spectrum to data presented here, as well as data reported previously, indicates that a common photoinhibitory response to UVBR may occur for exposures of several hours. C1 WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, HUXLEY COLL ENVIRONM STUDIES, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA. RP BEHRENFELD, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, RES LAB, ASCI, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.3354/meps102059 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA MH484 UT WOS:A1993MH48400005 ER PT J AU TSUTSUMI, M LAWS, SC SEALFON, SC AF TSUTSUMI, M LAWS, SC SEALFON, SC TI HOMOLOGOUS UP-REGULATION OF THE GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE RECEPTOR IN ALPHA-T(3)-1 CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNCHANGED RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA (MESSENGER-RNA) LEVELS AND ALTERED MESSENGER-RNA ACTIVITY SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED PITUITARY-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; DOWN-REGULATION; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BINDING PROTEIN; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; DESENSITIZATION; EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDES AB In primary cultures of rat pituitary, GnRH receptor has been reported to up-regulate when exposed to GnRH. The molecular basis of this regulation could, in theory, involve modulation of gene transcription, RNA processing or stability, translation, and/or receptor degradation. The role of altered biosynthesis was investigated in the mouse gonadotrope cell line, alpha T-3-1 cells, by studying the homologous up-regulation of GnRH receptor binding, mRNA levels, and mRNA activity. After GnRH exposure, ligand binding was performed on alpha T-3-1 cell membranes. To correlate changes in receptor number and measurements of biosynthetic activity, GnRH receptor mRNA levels were quantitated by solution hybridization/RNase protection assay and Northern blot analysis, and the capacity of RNA from treated cells to direct the synthesis of new receptors (mRNA activity) was evaluated using a Xenopus oocyte-based bioassay. GnRH agonist radioligand binding assay results showed that exposure of alpha T-3-1 cells to 10(-10) or 10(-8) M GnRH for 20 min induced an approximately 50% increase in the number of GnRH receptors, similar to previously reported results in rat pituitary primary culture. Despite the increase in receptor number, however, cytosolic and total GnRH receptor mRNA levels assayed by solution hybridization/RNase protection assay with GnRH receptor cRNA probes and by Northern blot analysis were not altered. In contrast to the unchanging mRNA levels, the measurements of mRNA activity paralleled the changes observed at the binding level. alpha T-3-1 RNA from treated and control cells were injected into Xenopus oocytes, and the GnRH-induced Cl- current was quantified 48 h later by voltage clamp recording of the response to GnRH. Oocytes injected with RNA isolated from alpha T-3-1 cells in which the receptor binding had been up-regulated by GnRH showed a nearly 2-fold increase in the GnRH-induced currents compared with oocytes injected with control alpha T-3-1 RNA, consistent with a higher level of GnRH receptor biosynthesis. Our results show that although the levels of GnRH receptor mRNA do not vary, treated alpha T3-1 cells with increased binding capacity show a corresponding increase in cellular GnRH receptor mRNA activity in oocytes. These data suggest that homologous upregulation of the GnRH receptor involves, in part, modulation of the capacity of cellular RNA to direct the biosynthesis of GnRH receptors. In contrast with the mechanisms of biosynthetic regulation reported for several other G-protein-coupled receptors, altered biosynthesis of the GnRH receptor in this experimental paradigm does not appear to involve regulation of the synthesis or stability of receptor mRNA. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP TSUTSUMI, M (reprint author), CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,FISHBERG CTR NEUROBIOL,BOX 1065,1 GUSTAVE L LEVY PL,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1633 DI 10.1210/me.7.12.1625 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MQ853 UT WOS:A1993MQ85300012 PM 8145768 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP TI PREDICTING RODENT CARCINOGENICITY OF AMES TEST FALSE POSITIVES BY IN-VIVO BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PREDICTIVE TESTS; FALSE POSITIVE; NONCARCINOGENS, GENOTOXIC; CARCINOGENS, CHEMICAL; NONCARCINOGENS, MUTAGENIC ID GENETIC TOXICITY; KE TEST; GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; SCREENED CHEMICALS; RAT-LIVER; MUTAGENICITY; SALMONELLA; ASSAY; NONCARCINOGENS; NTP AB 28 chemicals known to be mutagenic in the Ames test but not carcinogenic in rodent bioassays were selected for study. The chemicals were administered by gavage in 2 dose levels to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of these 28 chemicals on 4 biochemical assays (hepatic DNA damage by alkaline elution (DD), hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (P450)) were determined. The scientific approach taken was to either experimentally find individual cancer predictors of high specificity or to mathematically create composite predictors of high specificity. Composite predictive parameters are defined as follows: CP = [ODC and P450], CT = [ALT and ODC], and TS = [DD or CP or CT]. The specificity (percent of rodent noncarcinogens which test negative) of DD, ODC, ALT, P450, CP, CT and TS was 100%, 46%, 89%, 86%, 93%, 93% and 86%, respectively. For these 28 mutagenic noncarcinogens, the specificity of structural alerts (SA) 13%, mutation in mouse lymphoma cells (MOLY) 0%, chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (ABS) 13%, and sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells (SCE) 0% were much lower. The k(e) test, an experimental measure of electron attachment, had a specificity of 33%. DD was the only DNA related parameter to predict well the noncarcinogenic rodent bioassay result of Ames false-positive chemicals. 5 nongenotoxic parameters (ALT, P450, CP, CT and [CP or CT]) predicted the rodent bioassay result well. Depending on the prevalence of chemicals carcinogenic to humans, the problem of Ames test false positives for predicting human cancer may be either small or large. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,FLORIDA TOXICOL RES CTR,TAMPA,FL 33613. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & MET BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD DEC PY 1993 VL 290 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(93)90155-9 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA MK178 UT WOS:A1993MK17800002 PM 7694106 ER PT J AU VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG AF VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG TI A QSAR APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING THE AQUATIC TOXICITY OF SOFT ELECTROPHILES [QSAR FOR SOFT ELECTROPHILES] SO QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC TOXICITY; PHENOLS; ANILINES; REACTIVITY; ELECTROPHILES ID SMALL ORGANIC-MOLECULES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; BIOMACROMOLECULES; SYSTEM; GUPPY AB This work demonstrated that descriptors of soft electrophilicity for aromatic chemicals such as average superdelocalizability and LUMO energy could be used together with the hydrophobicity descriptor, log P, to explain the variation of acute toxicity of substituted benzenes, phenols, and anilines to fish. The hydrophobicity and soft electrophilicity descriptors were shown to be orthogonal for the 114 chemicals studied. For proelectrophiles, the structure-toxicity relationships accurately predict toxicity when the stereoelectronic parameters were computed for the metabolic activation products. The QSAR for acute toxicity using these molecular descriptors defines a toxicity plane which includes several modes of toxic action. Type (I) narcotics are chemicals located in the region of low reactivity where toxicity varies with hydrophobicity alone. Type (II) narcotics are more toxic than type (I) narcotics at similar values of log P, and the increase can be explained by stronger electronic interactions with cellular soft nucleophiles. Highly reactive soft electrophiles which have dissociating protons such as 2,4,-dinitrophenol produce symptoms of respiratory uncouplers. Those without dissociating protons produce symptoms of reactive toxicity consistent with covalent binding. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN SUPERIOR, LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST, SUPERIOR, WI 54880 USA. RP VEITH, GD (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 6201 CONGDON BLVD, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0931-8771 J9 QUANT STRUCT-ACT REL JI Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1002/qsar.19930120402 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MX495 UT WOS:A1993MX49500001 ER PT J AU HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA KARICKHOFF, SW MELTON, CM AF HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA KARICKHOFF, SW MELTON, CM TI ESTIMATION OF ELECTRON-AFFINITY BASED ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS SO QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON AFFINITY; CHEMICAL REACTIVITY PARAMETERS; SPARC AB Electron affinity for a wide range of organic molecules was calculated from molecular structure using the chemical reactivity models developed in SPARC. These models are based on fundamental chemical structure theory applied to the prediction of chemical reactivities for organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. The energy differences between the LUMO state and the HOMO state for a molecule of interest are factored into mechanistic components including the field, sigma induction and resonance contributions to these energy differences. The RMS deviation between observed and calculated electron affinities was found to be less than 0.14 e.v. for a large set of organic molecules. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GRP,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0931-8771 J9 QUANT STRUCT-ACT REL JI Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1002/qsar.19930120407 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MX495 UT WOS:A1993MX49500006 ER PT J AU STITELER, WM KNAUF, LA HERTZBERG, RC SCHOENY, RS AF STITELER, WM KNAUF, LA HERTZBERG, RC SCHOENY, RS TI A STATISTICAL TEST OF COMPATIBILITY OF DATA SETS TO A COMMON DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP STITELER, WM (reprint author), SYRACUSE RES CORP,MERRILL LANE,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1065 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MK583 UT WOS:A1993MK58300003 PM 8128001 ER PT J AU VATER, ST MCGINNIS, PM SCHOENY, RS VELAZQUEZ, SF AF VATER, ST MCGINNIS, PM SCHOENY, RS VELAZQUEZ, SF TI BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMBINING CARCINOGENICITY DATA FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRAPOLATION; ACRYLATE; POTENCY; ROUTE C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP VATER, ST (reprint author), SYRACUSE RES CORP,2159 GILBERT AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45206, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1066 PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MK583 UT WOS:A1993MK58300004 PM 8128002 ER PT J AU HATTIS, D WHITE, P KOCH, P AF HATTIS, D WHITE, P KOCH, P TI UNCERTAINTIES IN PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING FOR PERCHLOROETHYLENE .2. COMPARISON OF MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH DATA FOR A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PERCHLOROETHYLENE; PBPK MODELING; PHARMACOKINETICS; UNCERTAINTY; DIFFUSION ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; INHALED ANESTHETICS; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; HUMANS; METABOLISM; ISOFLURANE; HALOTHANE; KINETICS AB In this paper we compare expectations derived from 10 different human physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for perchloroethylene with data on absorption via inhalation, and concentrations in alveolar air and venous blood. Our most interesting finding is that essentially all of the models show a time pattern of departures of predictions of air and blood levels relative to experimental data that might be corrected by more sophisticated model structures incorporating either (a) heterogeneity of the fat compartment (with respect to either perfusion or partition coefficients or both) or (b) intertissue diffusion of perchloroethylene between the fat and muscle/VRG groups. Similar types of corrections have recently been proposed to reduce analogous anomalies in the fits of pharmacokinetic models to the data for several volatile anesthetics.(17-20) A second finding is that models incorporating resting values for alveolar ventilation in the region of 5.4 L/min seemed to be most compatible with the most reliable set of perchloroethylene uptake data. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MIT,CTR TECHNOL POLICY & IND DEV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP HATTIS, D (reprint author), CLARK UNIV,CTR TECHNOL ENVIRONM & DEV,950 MAIN ST,WORCESTER,MA 01610, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 6 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01322.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA MN631 UT WOS:A1993MN63100002 PM 8310161 ER PT J AU GILMOUR, MI SELGRADE, MK AF GILMOUR, MI SELGRADE, MK TI A COMPARISON OF THE PULMONARY DEFENSES AGAINST STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION IN RATS AND MICE FOLLOWING O-3 EXPOSURE - DIFFERENCES IN DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE-INDUCED INFLAMMATION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; BACTERIAL CLEARANCE; IMPAIRMENT; INHALATION; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; LUNG C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,IMMUNOTOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GILMOUR, MI (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1239 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MK527 UT WOS:A1993MK52700005 PM 8248928 ER PT J AU DOMINGUEZ, SE MENKEL, JL FAIRBROTHER, A WILLIAMS, BA TANNER, RW AF DOMINGUEZ, SE MENKEL, JL FAIRBROTHER, A WILLIAMS, BA TANNER, RW TI THE EFFECT OF 2,4-DINITROPHENOL ON THE METABOLIC-RATE OF BOBWHITE QUAIL SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARD DUCKLINGS C1 ECOL PLANNING & TOXICOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP DOMINGUEZ, SE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1241 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MK527 UT WOS:A1993MK52700007 PM 8248930 ER PT J AU BISWAS, P LU, CS CLARK, RM AF BISWAS, P LU, CS CLARK, RM TI A MODEL FOR CHLORINE CONCENTRATION DECAY IN PIPES SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHLORINE DECAY; DISINFECTANTS; RADIAL AND AXIAL TRANSPORT; WALL CONSUMPTION ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; INACTIVATION AB A model that accounts for transport in the axial direction by convection and in the radial direction by diffusion and that incorporates first order decay kinetics has been developed to predict the chlorine concentration in a pipe in a distribution system. A generalized expression for chlorine consumption at the pipe wall is used to solve the governing equation and to determine the average chlorine concentration at any location in the pipe. Three non-dimensional parameters are used to determine the concentration and a methodology to determine them in pipe networks is proposed. The range of values of these dimensionless parameters where wall consumption is significant are determined. The methodology is applied to field measurements of chlorine concentration in a distribution network. C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP BISWAS, P (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. OI Lu, Chungsying/0000-0002-9205-457X NR 23 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1715 EP 1724 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90108-T PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LZ031 UT WOS:A1993LZ03100003 ER PT J AU SHAFER, TJ MUNDY, WR TILSON, HA AF SHAFER, TJ MUNDY, WR TILSON, HA TI ALUMINUM DECREASES MUSCARINIC, ADRENERGIC, AND METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR-STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS IN HIPPOCAMPAL AND CORTICAL SLICES FROM RAT-BRAIN SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR; BRAIN SLICE ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; ORAL ALUMINUM; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; PHORBOL ESTER; ACTIVATE; INHIBITION; MEMBRANES; RABBITS AB Effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (0.1 to 1000 muM) on inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation stimulated by carbachol (CARB), norepinephrine (NE) or quisqualate (QUIS) were examined in rat hippocampal and cortical slices. In the absence of agonist, only 1000 muM AlCl3 significantly reduced basal accumulation of IPs. For CARB-stimulated IP accumulation, 100 muM and greater AlCl3 significantly inhibited IP accumulation. In cortical slices, 1000 muM AlCl3 reduced CARB-stimulated IP accumulation by 55% and in hippocampal slices 1000 muM AlCl3 inhibited IP accumulation by 40%. Similar effects of AlCl3 were observed for NE-stimulated IP accumulation. In cortical slices, the concentration-response for AlCl3 effects on agonist-stimulated IP accumulation was significantly different from that in hippocampal slices. For QUIS-stimulated accumulation of IPs, 1000 muM AlCl3 Significantly inhibited IP accumulation in hippocampal slices. However, in cortical slices a biphasic effect of AlCl3 was observed. 500 and 1000 muM AlCl3 significantly inhibited IP accumulation, whereas 10 and 50 muM AlCl3 significantly enhanced QUIS-stimulated IP accumulation. In both hippocampal and cortical slices, 500 muM AlCl3 significantly inhibited CARB-, NE- or QUIS-stimulated IP accumulation at all agonist concentrations (0.1 to 10000 muM) tested, indicating a post-receptor effect on agonist-mediated IP accumulation. Stimulation of G-proteins with NaF (5-30 mM) resulted in accumulation of IPs in hippocampal and cortical slices in the absence of added agonists. NaF (5-30 mM) plus 1 mM CARB produced increased accumulation of IPs over CARB or NaF alone. AlCl3 inhibited CARB- and NaF-stimulated IP accumulation, suggesting that AlCl3 decreases IP accumulation by inhibiting G-protein or phospholipase C (PLC) activity. To determine the influence of the form of aluminum salt on IP accumulation, the effects of equimolar concentrations of AlCl3, aluminum citrate (Al(Cit)), and aluminum lactate (Al(Lac)) on CARB-stimulated IP accumulation were determined. AlCl3 and Al(Lac) produced similar inhibition of IP accumulation, whereas Al(Cit) did not inhibit receptor-stimulated IP accumulation. These results suggest that: (1) AlCl3 disrupts IP accumulation mediated by different pharmacological classes of receptors; (2) differences in sensitivity to AlCl3 exist in the hippocampus and cortex; (3) AlCl3 and AlF4- influence IP accumulation through separate mechanisms and AlF4- is not responsible for effects of AlCl3 on receptor-stimulated IP accumulation; (4) AlCl3 appears to exert its action on IP accumulation 'downstream' of the receptor and receptor-G-protein interaction; and (5) Effects of aluminum on IP accumulation are dependent upon the aluminum salts used. RP SHAFER, TJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 26 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90491-5 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA MH057 UT WOS:A1993MH05700019 PM 8287268 ER PT J AU LEONARD, EN MATTSON, VR BENOIT, DA HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT AF LEONARD, EN MATTSON, VR BENOIT, DA HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT TI SEASONAL-VARIATION OF ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM 3 NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA LAKES SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; METAL; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT; FRESH-WATER; TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; SALT-MARSH; PYRITE; CADMIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; LIMFJORDEN; TOXICITY AB Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is a natural agent in sediments which complexes some cationic metals and thereby influences the toxicity of these metals to benthic organisms. Because of its influence on metal bioavailability, AVS has been proposed as a key normalization phase for the development of sediment quality criteria for metals. However, studies conducted primarily in marine and estuarine systems have shown that AVS concentrations can vary markedly both temporally and with (sediment) depth. In this study, AVS concentrations were measured monthly for 16 mo in several segments of sediment cores from three freshwater lakes: Caribou Lake, Fish Lake and Pike Lake in northeastern Minnesota, USA. The concentrations of AVS in cores from the three lakes varied inversely with sediment depth. AVS concentrations also varied seasonally by as much as two orders of magnitude and were directly correlated with changes in water temperature. The correlation between AVS and temperature likely was related both to changes in primary productivity and sediment microbial activity. C1 SAIC,HACKENSACK,NJ. RP LEONARD, EN (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 33 TC 65 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 12 PY 1993 VL 271 IS 2 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1007/BF00007545 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV392 UT WOS:A1993MV39200004 ER PT J AU JAWSON, MD FRANZLUEBBERS, AJ GALUSHA, DK AIKEN, RM AF JAWSON, MD FRANZLUEBBERS, AJ GALUSHA, DK AIKEN, RM TI SOIL FUMIGATION WITHIN MONOCULTURE AND ROTATIONS - RESPONSE OF CORN AND MYCORRHIZAE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN RATE; CROP YIELD; GROWTH; INFECTION; BACTERIA; NITRATE; BIOMASS; WHEAT; ROOTS; FUNGI AB The causative factors far earn (Zea mays I,) response to methyl bromide (CH,Br) fumigation, in the absence of known specific pathogens, are unknown. This study was conducted to determine if deleterious nonspecific rhizosphere microorganisms are the causative agents. Soil fumigation was postulated to increase yield of continuous corn but to have less effect on the yield of corn grown in rotation, because more deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms were suspected in monoculture than in rotation. The effects of fumigation and crop rotation on corn grain yield, plant height and P content, available soil N and P, mycorrhizal infection, and soil microbial biomass were investigated at two sites near Mead, NE, an a Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Methyl bromide treatments were applied prior to planting for 4 yr at one site and 2 yr at the other site. The sites differed in fertilization, pest management, and crop sequences, but both contained continuous corn. Fumigation resulted in an increase in grain yield under monoculture only once in six site years. Unexpectedly, however, fumigation resulted in a decrease in grain yield under rotation in 7 of 12 observations. Plants in fumigated soil were P-deficient early in the growing season despite similar sail test P concentrations in control and fumigated plots. Fumigation reduced mycorrhizal infection and soil microbial biomass. Mycorrhizal infection of corn shortly after germination appears to be important to initial corn growth in this soil. Fumigating soil revealed a considerable biological influence on corn growth and yield by reducing both deleterious and beneficial microorganisms. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP JAWSON, MD (reprint author), US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1180 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700016 ER PT J AU BRENNER, KP RANKIN, CC ROYBAL, YR STELMA, GN SCARPINO, PV DUFOUR, AP AF BRENNER, KP RANKIN, CC ROYBAL, YR STELMA, GN SCARPINO, PV DUFOUR, AP TI NEW MEDIUM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF TOTAL COLIFORMS AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN WATER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID DETECTION; URINE SAMPLES; ENUMERATION; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB A new membrane filter agar medium (MI agar) containing a chromogen, indoXyl-beta-D-glucuronide, and a fluorogen, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, was developed to simultaneously detect and enumerate Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TC) in water samples on the basis of their enzyme activities. TC produced beta-galactosidase, which cleaved 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to form 4-methylumbelliferone, a compound that fluoresced under longwave UV light (366 nm), while E. coli produced beta-glucuronidase, which cleaved indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronide to form a blue color. The new medium TC and E. coli recoveries were compared with those of mEndo agar and two E. coli media, mTEC agar and nutrient agar supplemented with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide, using natural water samples and spiked drinking water samples. On average, the new medium recovered 1.8 times as many TC as mEndo agar, with greatly reduced background counts (less-than-or-equal-to 7%). These differences were statistically significant (significance level, 0.05). Although the overall analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the E. coli recoveries on MI apr and mTEC agar, the new medium recovered more E. coli in 16 of 23 samples (69.6%). Both MI agar and mTEC agar recovered significantly more E. coli than nutrient apr supplemented with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide. Specificities for E. coli, TC, and noncoliforms on MI agar were 95.7% (66 of 69 samples), 93.1% (161 of 173 samples), and 93.8% (61 of 65 samples), respectively. The E. coli false-positive and false-negative rates were both 4.3%. This selective and specific medium, which employs familiar membrane filter technology is used to analyze several types of water samples, is less expensive than the liquid chromogen and fluorogen media and may be useful for compliance monitoring of drinking water. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP BRENNER, KP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 41 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3534 EP 3544 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000003 PM 8285660 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ GILMOUR, MI TAYLOR, MS BROOKS, HG CREASON, JP CLAXTON, LD AF GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ GILMOUR, MI TAYLOR, MS BROOKS, HG CREASON, JP CLAXTON, LD TI PULMONARY CLEARANCE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN C3H/HEJ MICE AFTER INTRANASAL EXPOSURE TO PSEUDOMONAS SPP SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION PREVENTION; AERUGINOSA; ENDOTOXIN; CEPACIA; LUNG; AEROSOLIZATION; DEGRADATION; VIRULENCE; SURVIVAL; ELASTASE AB The environmental release of engineered microorganisms has caused health and environmental concerns. In this study, an animal model was used to examine health effects following pulmonary exposure to environmental and clinical isolates. In order to rule out the possibility that an adverse response was caused by endotoxin, 50% lethal doses (LD50) were determined, when possible, with endotoxin-sensitive (C3HeB/Fej) and endotoxin-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice by using both environmental isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa BC16, BC17, BC18, and AC869 and Pseudomonas maltophilia BC6) and clinical isolates (P. aeruginosa PAO1 and DG1). The LD50 of strains AC869, DG1, and PAO1 are 1.05 x 10(7), 6.56 x 10(6), and 1.02 x 10(7) CFU, respectively, in C3HeB/Fej mice and 1.05 x 10(7), 1.00 X 10(7), and 2.75 x 10(6) CFU, respectively, in C3H/HeJ mice. Strains BC17 and BC18 were not lethal to the animals. On the basis of the LD50 data, an appropriate sublethal dose (approximately 10(6) CFU) was selected. Animals were challenged intranasally with microorganisms, and clearance from the lungs and nasal cavity was determined. Strains BC17, BC18, and AC869 were not detected in lungs or nasal washes 14 days following treatment. Strains BC6, BC16, and DG1 were recovered from the nasal cavities at the end of the experiment. Only strain PAO1 was detected in lungs and in nasal cavities 14 days after treatment. At selected intervals following treatment, the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage samples were determined. P. aeruginosa AC869, PAO1, and DG1 elicited a relatively strong inflammatory response which was indirectly related to lung clearance. An intermediate response was observed in the lungs of animals challenged with P. maltophilia BC6 and P. aeruginosa BC16 and BC17. A significant increase in the ratio of lung weight to body weight was observed in strain AC869-treated animals. Our data indicate that upon intranasal exposure P. aeruginosa AC869 has the potential to induce adverse health effects in mice, as shown by lung and nasal cavity clearance and the pulmonary inflammatory response. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES INST,DIV RES SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES INST,DIV GENET TOXICOL MD68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3585 EP 3591 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000010 PM 8285667 ER PT J AU FINCH, GR DANIELS, CW BLACK, EK SCHAEFER, FW BELOSEVIC, M AF FINCH, GR DANIELS, CW BLACK, EK SCHAEFER, FW BELOSEVIC, M TI DOSE-RESPONSE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM IN OUTBRED NEONATAL CD-1 MICE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; WATER AB Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in a neonatal CD-1 mouse model was used to determine the dose needed to infect 50% of the population. The 50% infective dose was estimated to be 79 oocysts. It was observed that a mean oral inoculum of 23 oocysts produced infection in 2 of 25 neonatal mice 7 days postinoculation. All animals became infected when the mean oral dose exceeded 310 oocysts per animal. The dose response of C. parvum was modeled with a logit dose-response model suitable for use in water disinfection studies. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT ZOOL,EDMONTON T6G 2E9,ALBERTA,CANADA. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT IMMUNOL,EDMONTON T6G 2E9,ALBERTA,CANADA. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP FINCH, GR (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EDMONTON T6G 2E9,ALBERTA,CANADA. RI Belosevic, Miodrag/C-6729-2008 OI Belosevic, Miodrag/0000-0002-6412-8236 NR 24 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3661 EP 3665 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000021 PM 8285673 ER PT J AU BURKHARD, LP JENSON, JJ AF BURKHARD, LP JENSON, JJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF AMMONIA, CHLORINE, AND DIAZINON AS TOXICANTS IN A MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; RIVER AB A toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was performed on a municipal effluent, and three toxicants were identified, ammonia, chlorine, and diazinon. Ammonia and chlorine were the only toxicants present at toxic concentrations in all sample sets, and diazinon was present in toxic concentrations in one of the effluent sample sets. Six effluent sets taken over an 8-month period were evaluated in this TIE. The nonpolar toxicity, primarily due to diazinon, was intermittent since it was present at toxic concentrations only once in the 8-month time period. This report illustrates the types of data and logic used in performing a TIE which contains common municipal toxicants. Emphasis in this report was place on the data needed for generating the ''weight of evidence'' in toxicant confirmation, Phase III, to support the suspect toxicants identified in the TIE process. Multiple Phase III manipulations, when applied to numerous effluent samples, provided consistent results for generating the ''weight of evidence'' for the confirmation of ammonia and chlorine as the primary causes of toxicity in this effluent. C1 ASCI INC,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP BURKHARD, LP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 506 EP 515 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LY153 UT WOS:A1993LY15300012 ER PT J AU HE, QC LIOY, PJ WILSON, WE CHAPMAN, RS AF HE, QC LIOY, PJ WILSON, WE CHAPMAN, RS TI EFFECTS OF AIR-POLLUTION ON CHILDRENS PULMONARY-FUNCTION IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS OF WUHAN, PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AGE AB In May and June of 1988, the spirometric lung function of 604 children, who were aged 7-13 y and who were free of chronic respiratory conditions, was measured in the urban core and a suburb of Wuhan, China. During 1981-1988, ambient total suspended particulate (TSP) levels averaged 481 mug/M3 in the urban core and 167 mug/M3 in the suburb. In 1988, TSP levels, measured within 500 m of the children's homes, averaged 251 mug/M3 in the urban core and 110 mug/m3 in the suburb. Levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides were also higher in the urban core. Proportions of families who burned coal and gas domestically were similar in both areas. In linear and logarithmic regression models, height was a stronger determinant of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s than was age or weight. In linear models, the proportion of variance explained by height (R-squared) ranged from 0.54 for urban females' forced expiratory volume in 1 s to 0.77 for suburban males and females. Both forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were consistently lower in urban than suburban children. The average forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s in children 132-144 cm tall were 6.7% and 3.8% lower, respectively, in the urban core than the suburb; suburban-urban differences increased with height. Suburban-urban differences in slopes of lung function growth curves were statistically significant for forced vital capacity but not for forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Rates of clinical upper respiratory irritation were also generally elevated in urban children. These results strongly suggest that urban ambient air pollution exposure in China contributes to retardation in the growth of children's lung function. Confirmatory longitudinal studies are in progress in Wuhan and three other Chinese cities. C1 UMDNJ,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,INST ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. WUHAN ENVIRONM PROTECT INST,WUSHAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RUTGERS UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU PHS HHS [E505022] NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 382 EP 391 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK137 UT WOS:A1993MK13700001 PM 8250589 ER PT J AU SHADIX, LC DUNNIGAN, ME RICE, EW AF SHADIX, LC DUNNIGAN, ME RICE, EW TI DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI BY THE NUTRIENT AGAR PLUS 4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE (MUG) MEMBRANE-FILTER METHOD SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEMBRANE FILTRATION; 4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE (MUG); ESCHERICHIA COLI; WATER ID COLIFORMS; WATER; ASSAY AB A two-step membrane filter procedure was evaluated to determine the ability to differentiate Escherichia coli from other coliform bacteria recovered from water. M-Endo LES agar incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 +/- 2 h was used as the initial isolation medium. Membranes containing coliform colonies were transferred to nutrient agar plus 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) and incubated for an additional 4 h at 35 degrees C. Escherichia coli colonies were distinguished by fluorescence when viewed under a long-wavelength ultraviolet light. A total of 119 MUG-positive colonies were isolated from 15 water sources, of which 115 (96.6%) were identified as E. coli. An examination of 182 pure culture environmental E. coli isolates revealed that 167 isolates (91.8%) exhibited fluorescence on the nutrient agar plus MUG medium. Survivors of E. coli cultures exposed to chlorination were also capable of producing a positive MUG reaction. C1 US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. RP SHADIX, LC (reprint author), US EPA, DIV TECH SUPPORT, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1066 EP 1070 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA ML754 UT WOS:A1993ML75400009 PM 8306208 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE VINE, MF SCHRAMM, MM LEWTAS, J GEORGE, MH HULKA, BS EVERSON, RB AF GALLAGHER, JE VINE, MF SCHRAMM, MM LEWTAS, J GEORGE, MH HULKA, BS EVERSON, RB TI P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS OF DNA-ADDUCTS IN HUMAN SPERM CELLS FROM SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; SMOKING; ASSAY AB To determine the feasibility of using human sperm cells for DNA P-32-postlabeling analyses, and to evaluate the baseline level and the possible presence of smoking-related DNA adducts in these cells, sperm DNA was isolated from specimens obtained from 12 heavy smokers, 12 light smokers, and 12 nonsmokers. Background levels of radioactivity were minimized by using magnet transfer of P-32-labeled mononucleotides to new polyethyleneimine cellulose plates. Compared with placental tissues, few adducts were observed. Diffuse radioactivity observed in some of the autoradiograms was minimally above background but the level of radioactivity expressed as putative adducts/nucleotide was not related to smoking status. It was not clear, in some cases, whether this radioactivity was associated with chemically bound adducts or was from nonspecifically bound chemicals, radiolabeled enzymes, or other proteins. One major discrete DNA adduct of unknown chemical structure was detected in three of the 36 samples analyzed (one nonsmoker and two smokers). Based on the level of radioactivity associated with various dilutions of a benzo(a)pyrene-derived adduct, our limit of sensitivity was at least 1.2 adducts/10(9) nucleotides. Our study emphasizes the need to more clearly define the significance of background radioactivity associated with DNA adduct maps where the measured adduct levels approximate detection limits defined by visual observance of adduct spots. This point is particularly relevant given that the P-32-postlabeling procedures rely, in part, on visual verification of the presence of DNA adducts. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. SRA TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27713. RP GALLAGHER, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 2 IS 6 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MG331 UT WOS:A1993MG33100013 PM 8268777 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA BLANCATO, JN TI GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY - A CONFIRMATORY QUANTITATIVE ASSAY FOR TOXAPHENE IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF TOXAPHENE CY FEB 04-06, 1993 CL BURLINGTON, CANADA SP INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV ENVIRONM CANADA, CANADIAN DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS ID TOXICITY AB Toxaphene is a complex mixture of polychlorinated monoterpenes. Before its ban in 1982, it was the most heavily used insecticide with a cumulative world use of 409,000 metric tons. Toxaphene was found to be acutely and chronically toxic to aquatic and wild life and poses a carcinogenic risk to humans. Although the use of toxaphene has been severely limited or eliminated, it is still found in the environment due to its relative persistence with an estimated half life time of about 10 years in soils. Residue analysis of toxaphene in environmental and biological samples rely mostly on instrumental analysis such as gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. These require extensive sample clean up. These instrumental analyses still have a problem of interference from other chlorinated hydrocarbons, mainly PCBs and DDT metabolites, and may not detect environmentally altered toxaphene products. Although toxaphene is a mixture of more than 200 isomers its neurotoxicity is only attributed to few isomers with a mode of action through binding to the chloride channel of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor ionophore complex. [S-35] tertiary butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) with specific activity higher than 60 Ci/mmole has a high binding affinity to the same sites and is now commercially available and can be used to label the GABA receptor for the development of radioreceptor assay technique. The GABA receptor was prepared by a sequence of ultra centrifugation and dialysis of mammalian (rats, cows, catfish and goats) brain homogenates. The receptor is then labeled with [S-35] TBPS and the assay was conducted by measuring the displacement of radioactivity following incubation with the sample containing the analytes. The assay is fast, sensitive and requires very little or no sample preparation prior to the analysis. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP SALEH, MA (reprint author), TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004, USA. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1907 EP 1914 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90386-J PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ616 UT WOS:A1993MJ61600011 ER PT J AU AINLEY, DG RIBIC, CA SPEAR, LB AF AINLEY, DG RIBIC, CA SPEAR, LB TI SPECIES-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS - A FUNCTION OF PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGICAL FACTORS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE SOUTHERN OCEAN; PACK ICE; PELAGIC SEABIRDS; HABITAT SELECTION; HABITAT ALTERATION ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WATERS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICRONEKTON; SUMMER; OCEAN AB We employed a ''natural experiment'' to evaluate the hypothesis that a major physical feature of high-latitude marine habitat, the percentage of the sea covered by pack ice, affects species composition among Antarctic seabirds. Our experiment entailed replicate transects through markedly altered physical habitat in the Scotia-Weddell Confluence: a series of storms caused the pack ice to advance and retreat rapidly and repeatedly over a 200-km-wide area. Regardless of where their habitat moved, pack-ice and open-water species occurred at significantly higher densities in the ice and open-water habitats, respectively. There were no time lags in the response of species to habitat alteration. In addition, pack-ice and open-water species had identical diets regardless of where their preferred habitat was located. These results supported the hypothesis and showed that physical rather than biological variables affect species composition among pelagic assemblages of Antarctic seabirds. Results supported the conclusion that a lack of appropriate adaptations constrain open-water species to reside away from the pack ice and that unremarkable prey availability fails to attract pack-ice species to open waters. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV, STINSON BEACH, CA 94970 USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.2307/1369419 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800004 ER PT J AU KARGBO, DM FANNING, DS INYANG, HI DUELL, RW AF KARGBO, DM FANNING, DS INYANG, HI DUELL, RW TI ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ACID SULFATE CLAYS AS WASTE COVERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WASTE COVERS; SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS; WASTE MIGRATION AB The current regulatory requirement for cover soils in landfills and surface impoundments is that the soils attain, upon compaction, a very low hydraulic conductivity of 10(-7) cm/s or less. Although the influence of the interaction between waste chemicals and clay soil on waste migration has been extensively studied, attempts to incorporate as design components the effects of sulfidic (sulfide-bearing) clays on the integrity of clay caps have largely been ignored. These influences may include increasing the permeability of the cover to percolating moisture, enhancing erosion of clay covers, and killing of vegetation on downslopes of the cover. Consequently, it is suggested that clay cap designers test the acid-generating capabilities of potential clay cap materials before exploiting these earth formations. This can be done by incubating a sample of the candidate capping material (with pH > 3.5) under moist aerobic conditions (field capacity) at room temperature. The soil will be said to contain sulfidic materials if it shows a drop in pH (1 : 1 by weight in water) of 0.5 or more units to a pH value of 4.0 or less within eight weeks. Decisions should then be made as to whether the soil should be avoided or used with amendments to the cap design. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE OS5303W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RUTGERS STATE UNIV COOK COLL,DEPT CROP SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08093. RP KARGBO, DM (reprint author), US EPA,3HW13,841 CHESTNUT BLDG,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA ML368 UT WOS:A1993ML36800005 ER PT J AU SPIX, C HEINRICH, J DOCKERY, D SCHWARTZ, J VOLKSCH, G SCHWINKOWSKI, K COLLEN, C WICHMANN, HE AF SPIX, C HEINRICH, J DOCKERY, D SCHWARTZ, J VOLKSCH, G SCHWINKOWSKI, K COLLEN, C WICHMANN, HE TI AIR-POLLUTION AND DAILY MORTALITY IN ERFURT, EAST-GERMANY, 1980-1989 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE MORTALITY; PARTICULATES; POISSON REGRESSION; SHORT-TERM EFFECTS; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TIME SERIES ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; YORK-CITY; HEALTH; LONDON AB In Erfurt, Germany, unfavorable geography and emissions from coal burning lead to very high ambient pollution (up to about 4000 mug/m3 SO2 in 1980-89). To assess possible health effects of these exposures, total daily mortality was obtained for this same period. A multivariate model was fitted, including corrections for long-term fluctuations, influenza epidemics, and meteorology, before analyzing the effect of pollution. The best fit for pollution was obtained for log (SO2 daily mean) with a lag of 2 days. Daily mortality increased by 10% for an increase in SO2 from 23 to 929 mug/m3 (5% quantile to 95% quantile). A harvesting effect (fewer people dic on a given day if more deaths occurred in the last 15 days) may modify this by +/- 2%. The effect for particulates (SP, 1988-89 only) was stronger than the effect of SO2. Log SP (daily mean) increasing from 15 mug/m3 to 331 mug/m3 (5% quantile to 95% quantile) was associated with a 22% increase in mortality. Depending on harvesting, the observable effect may lie between 14% and 27%. There is no indication of a threshold or synergism. The effects of air pollution are smaller than the effects of influenza epidemics and are of the same size as meteorologic effects. The results for the lower end of the dose range are in agreement with linear models fitted in studies of moderate air pollution and episode studies. C1 GSF MUNICH,ENVIRONM & HLTH RES CTR,INST EPIDEMIOL,NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. MED ACAD ERFURT,CTR HYG PREVENT & ENVIRON MED,O-5060 ERFURT,GERMANY. MINIST ENVIRONM THURINGEN,ERFURT,GERMANY. DEPT HLTH,ERFURT,GERMANY. RP SPIX, C (reprint author), UNIV WUPPERTAL,FACHBEREICH 14,FACHGEBIET ARBEITSSICHERHEIT & UMWELTMED,GAUSSSTR 20,D-42097 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. NR 38 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 101 IS 6 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.2307/3431589 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MJ957 UT WOS:A1993MJ95700010 PM 8137781 ER PT J AU OPATKEN, EJ AF OPATKEN, EJ TI RBC NITRIFICATION DESIGN USING ZERO-ORDER KINETICS SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article RP OPATKEN, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1002/ep.670120406 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MK157 UT WOS:A1993MK15700006 ER PT J AU KOUTRAKIS, P SIOUTAS, C FERGUSON, ST WOLFSON, JM MULIK, JD BURTON, RM AF KOUTRAKIS, P SIOUTAS, C FERGUSON, ST WOLFSON, JM MULIK, JD BURTON, RM TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A GLASS HONEYCOMB DENUDER FILTER PACK SYSTEM TO COLLECT ATMOSPHERIC GASES AND PARTICLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL STRONG ACIDITY; DESIGN AB Currently available annular denuder/filter pack technology has been extremely useful for atmospheric studies but has a relatively high cost for both instrumentation and operation. We have developed an alternative system which maintains and improves operational features while being more compact. The main, novel feature of the proposed system is the denuder component, which has a large number of small hexagonal glass tubes sealed inside an outer glass tube. The new system has the following advantages: (1) both the initial cost and the labor required for processing are much less than those of the annular denuder; (2) a length of only 3.8 cm yields the same collection capability as a length of 21 cm for the annular denuder, allowing a much more durable system; (3) this length also allows the use of several more denuders for simultaneous collection of a greater variety of gases; and (4) this new system is more convenient for large-scale monitoring studies. This paper presents the results from the performance evaluation of the impactor/honeycomb denuder/filter pack system. The tests include the impactor size cutoff determination, the honeycomb denuder efficiency and capacity measurements, and measurement of losses of acidic and basic gases on the sampler inlet surfaces. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KOUTRAKIS, P (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 14 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2497 EP 2501 DI 10.1021/es00048a029 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800043 ER PT J AU FAUST, BC ZEPP, RG AF FAUST, BC ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF AQUEOUS IRON(III) POLYCARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES - ROLES IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SURFACE WATERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; IRON; TRANSPORT; RADICALS; CITRATE; CARBON; COPPER; IONS AB Photochemical redox reactions of Fe(III) complexes of polycarboxylates (e.g., citrate, malonate, oxalate) occur on time scales of minutes in sunlight and are potentially important sources of Fe(II), .O2-/HO2., H2O2, and .OH in atmospheric water drops and surface waters. Quantum yields for Fe(II) formation, determined from experiments and equilibrium speciation calculations, are (i) 0.28 for Fe(OH)(citrate)- at 436 nm, (ii) 0.027 for Fe(malonate)2- at 366 nm, and (iii) 1.0 for Fe(oxalate)2- and 0.6 for Fe(oxalate)3(3-) at 436 nm. Competitive reactions of O2 and Fe(III) with the polycarboxylate radicals and/or the carbon-centered radicals derived from decarboxylation, as well as the speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III), affect the experimental quantum yields of Fe(II) formation. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP FAUST, BC (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 35 TC 346 Z9 375 U1 6 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2517 EP 2522 DI 10.1021/es00048a032 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800046 ER PT J AU LAMAR, RT EVANS, JW GLASER, JA AF LAMAR, RT EVANS, JW GLASER, JA TI SOLID-PHASE TREATMENT OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED SOIL USING LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEGRADATION; DEPLETION AB The abilities of three lignin-degrading fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete sordida, and Trametes hirsuta, to deplete pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soil contaminated with PCP and creosote were evaluated. A total of seven fungal and three control treatments were examined for their effect on the soil PCP concentration over eight weeks in two complementary field treatability studies at the Brookhaven Wood Preserving Facility in Brookhaven, MS. The fungi were applied to the soil as pure or mixed cultures at several different inoculum loading levels (inoculum:soil, w/w, dry). Inoculation of soil that contained 672 mug g-1 PCP and 4017 mug g-1 total measured polynuclear aromatic components of creosote with P. sordida at 10% resulted in the greatest decrease in PCP concentration (89%). PCP decreases by P. chrysosporium (67%-72%) or T. hirsuta (55%) at the same inoculum loading level were less extensive. The results of this study demonstrate that with further development, bioaugmentation using lignin-degrading fungi has the potential to be a viable treatment option for the remediation of PCP-contaminated soils. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LAMAR, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2566 EP 2571 DI 10.1021/es00048a039 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800053 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MW GLASER, JA EVANS, JW LAMAR, RT AF DAVIS, MW GLASER, JA EVANS, JW LAMAR, RT TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-SORDIDA TO TREAT CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WHITE ROT FUNGUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CHRYSOSPORIUM; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; FATE; BIODEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; BIOREMEDIATION; DEPLETION AB A field study to determine the ability of selected lignin-degrading fungi to remediate soil contaminated with creosote was performed at a wood-treating facility in south central Mississippi in the autumn of 1991. The effects of solid-phase bioremediation with Phanerochaete sordida and of two control treatments on soil concentrations of 14 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of creosote were followed for 56 days. PAH analytes containing greater-than-or-equal-to 5 rings persisted at their original concentrations in all treatments. However, depletion of 3-ring (85-95%) and 4-ring (24-72%) analytes after 56 days was greater in the fungal treatment than in control treatments in all cases. This finding demonstrates the potential of lignin-degrading fungi in the solid-phase bioremediation of creosote-contaminated soils. However, the persistence of the larger analytes represents a significant challenge to this developing technology. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2572 EP 2576 DI 10.1021/es00048a040 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800054 ER PT J AU KEDDERIS, LB ANDERSEN, ME BIRNBAUM, LS AF KEDDERIS, LB ANDERSEN, ME BIRNBAUM, LS TI EFFECT OF DOSE, TIME, AND PRETREATMENT ON THE BILIARY-EXCRETION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN IN THE RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC-METABOLISM; AH RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME-P-450; DISPOSITION; INDUCTION; AGONISTS; TCDD C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1115 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MG174 UT WOS:A1993MG17400001 PM 8253293 ER PT J AU MCKINLEY, MK KEDDERIS, LB BIRNBAUM, LS AF MCKINLEY, MK KEDDERIS, LB BIRNBAUM, LS TI THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON THE BILIARY-EXCRETION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN, 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN, AND 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL IN THE RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DERMAL ABSORPTION; DISPOSITION; MECHANISM; 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN; DIBENZOFURANS; METABOLITES; INVIVO C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1118 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MG174 UT WOS:A1993MG17400004 PM 8253296 ER PT J AU SAFOUTIN, MJ THURSTON, DL AF SAFOUTIN, MJ THURSTON, DL TI A COMMUNICATIONS-BASED TECHNIQUE FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN TEAM MANAGEMENT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Many design failures are attributable to commonly understood mechanisms, suggesting that they are not due to a real lack of expertise within an interdisciplinary design team but rather to communication errors at key decision points. We present a technique for interdisciplinary design team management which focuses on information processing and communication between team members. A cognitive model of communication-related failure mechanisms of design groups is developed. Strategies for defining and assigning subtasks among individuals or subgroups which are based on the communications model are described. A technique for evaluating the expected effectiveness of a design team configuration is presented. The cognitive model and task definition and assignment strategies are integrated into a tool which is traditionally used to evaluate only the physical design artifact itself, failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). By determining communication failure mechanisms and how they can affect the design artifact, we are able to develop strategies which minimize their impact and an analytic tool to determine design team effectiveness. An illustrative application to the problem of design of a program for computer-assisted instruction is presented. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEN ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAFOUTIN, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,NATL VEHICLE & FUEL EMISS LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48108, USA. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 4 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1109/17.257728 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ME780 UT WOS:A1993ME78000003 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V DODHIWALA, NS BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V DODHIWALA, NS BECKERT, WF TI DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF CHLOROPHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES FROM SOIL SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIZATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; METHYLATION AB Extraction of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides from soil samples with supercritical carbon dioxide as extractant and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and methyl iodide as derivatization agents was investigated. The extraction was carried out at 400 atm and 80-degrees-C for 15 min static, followed by 15 min dynamic, at a carbon dioxide flow rate of approximately 1.5 mL/min (as liquid). The use of other derivatization agents (trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and benzyltriethylammonium chloride) proved to be less effective than the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide/methyl iodide combination. Attempts to extract other compounds currently listed in the EPA SW-846 Method 8151 using supercritical carbon dioxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide/methyl iodide were unsuccessful, either because these compounds did not derivatize (dalapon, dinoseb, and 4-nitrophenol) or because decomposition occurred (DCPA diacid, pentachlorophenol, and picloram), apparently in the injection port of the gas chromatograph. An in-situ derivatization and supercritical fluid extraction of the chlorophenoxy acids with pentafluorobenzyl bromide/triethylamine reagent also proved to be feasible for qualitative determination of these compounds. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP LOPEZAVILA, V (reprint author), CALIF OPERAT,MIDWEST RES INST,625-B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 10 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2038 EP 2044 DI 10.1021/jf00035a043 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MH755 UT WOS:A1993MH75500043 ER PT J AU FARRELL, PB FOOTE, RH SIMKIN, ME CLEGG, ED WALL, RJ AF FARRELL, PB FOOTE, RH SIMKIN, ME CLEGG, ED WALL, RJ TI RELATIONSHIP OF SEMEN QUALITY, NUMBER OF SPERM INSEMINATED, AND FERTILITY IN RABBITS SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RABBIT; SEMEN QUALITY; FERTILITY; SPERM NUMBER; CASA ID BULL SEMEN; SPERMATOZOA; MOTION; MOTILITY; INSTRUMENTS; FRESH AB The relationship between the total number of sperm inseminated, semen quality, and fertility in rabbits was investigated, using fractionated or unfractionated semen and different diluting fluids. Semen was from Dutch-belted males collected twice weekly with an artificial vagina. All does were superovulated except in Experiment 3. In Experiment 1, sperm were fractionated on discontinuous 4% and 10% bovine serum albumin columns. Sperm from each portion of the gradient, along with unfractionated controls, were diluted to give 0.25x10(6), 0.5x10(6), 1.0x10(5), and 2.0x10(6) total sperm per insemination. In Experiment 2, sperm were diluted with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline to provide 0.10x10(6), 0.50x10(6), and 1.0x10(6) total sperm per insemination, with minimal processing time. In Experiment 3, does were allowed to kindle after inseminating 0.1x10(6) or 1.0X10(6) sperm. In Experiment 4, sperm were diluted with TALP buffer: seminal plasma 1:1 to 0.025x10(6), 0.05x10(6), and 0.10x10(6) total sperm per insemination. Over 2,800 embryos or unfertilized oocytes were obtained either 24 or 48 hours after insemination to measure fertility. Sperm numbers required for normal fertility were 0.50x10(6) in Experiment 1 and only 0.05x10(6) in Experiment 4. This reduction presumably was due primarily to reduced processing time and diluent change. Litter size was normal with 0.1x10(6) sperm (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, computer-assisted sperm analysis (HTM 2030 system; Beverly, Massachusetts) was adapted to successfully screen out some of the ''interfering'' granules in rabbit semen. The correlation between multiple characteristics of semen quality and fertility was 0.53 (P<0.01). This correlation likely will be increased with refinements in instrumentation and reduced sperm numbers per insemination. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP RD689,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MN138 UT WOS:A1993MN13800010 PM 8294231 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V JONES, TL AF LOPEZAVILA, V JONES, TL TI INTERLABORATORY STUDY OF A THERMOSPRAY-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR SELECTED N-METHYL CARBAMATES, N-METHYL CARBAMOYLOXIMES, AND SUBSTITUTED UREA PESTICIDES SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; DERIVATIZATION; SAMPLES AB A thermospray-liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (TS-LC/MS) method was evaluated in an interlaboratory study for determining 3 N-methyl carbamates (bendiocarb, carbaryl, and carbofuran), 3 N-methyl carbamoyloximes (aidicarb, methomyl, and oxamyl), 2 substituted urea pesticides (diuron and linuron), and 1 ester of a substituted carbamic acid (carbendazim). The purpose of this study was to establish whether these 9 compounds can be reliably detected and quantitated with this method, and to establish the interlaboratory precision and accuracy of the method with currently available instrumentation. The study design was based on AOAC INTERNATIONAL's blind replicate design with balanced replicates. The samples consisted of solutions of the 9 test compounds in methanol at 3 concentrations that were unknown to the participating laboratories and that covered the linear range of the method. Nine volunteer laboratories participated in the study. Linear regression equations are presented that calculate the accuracy of the method, i.e., the percent recovery of each of the 9 compounds at any concentration within the range of concentrations tested (5-90 mug/mL for each compound, except carbendazim, for which the range was 1.25-22.5 mug/mL). The intralaboratory precisions of the TS-LC/MS method ranged from 6.5 to 33.1% relative standard deviation, depending on the compound. The interlaboratory method precisions ranged from 29.8 to 98.2% relative standard deviation over the concentration range tested. Analysis of variance indicates that for all compounds tested, the variation from laboratory to laboratory is greater than that attributed to analytical error displayed within laboratories. There are many operational parameters that could contribute to interlaboratory variability; one of them, the thermospray tip temperature, can play a major role in adduct formation and ion fragmentation in the case of thermally labile carbamate pesticides and, therefore, needs to be monitored and controlled carefully. The correlation of mass spectral data with the thermospray tip temperature was attempted using principal component analysis. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP LOPEZAVILA, V (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,625-B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1343 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML245 UT WOS:A1993ML24500026 ER PT J AU MCCUTCHEON, SC AF MCCUTCHEON, SC TI STATUS OF PEER REVIEWS FOR THE JOURNAL-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-ENGINEERING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:6(1002) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MH786 UT WOS:A1993MH78600001 ER PT J AU LEFOHN, AS FOLEY, JK SHADWICK, DS TILTON, BE AF LEFOHN, AS FOLEY, JK SHADWICK, DS TILTON, BE TI CHANGES IN DIURNAL PATTERNS RELATED TO CHANGES IN OZONE LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; STANDARDS; TRENDS AB Ozone is an ubiquitous air pollutant that affects both human health and vegetation. There is concern about the number of hours human populations in nonattainment areas in the United States are exposed to levels of O3 at which effects have been observed. As improvement in air quality is achieved, it is possible that O3 control strategies may produce distributions of 1-h O3 concentrations that result in different diurnal profiles that produce greater potential exposures to O3 at known effects levels for multiple hours of the day. These concerns have prompted new analysis of aerometric data. In this analysis, the change in the seasonally averaged diurnal pattern was investigated as changes in O3 levels occurred. For the data used in this analysis, 25 ot the 36 sites that changed compliance status across years showed no statistically significant change in the shape of the average diurnal profile (averaged by O3 season). For 71 percent (10 out of 14) ot the sites in southern California and Dallas-FortWorth, Texas, that showed improvement in O3 levels (i.e., reductions in the number of exceedances over the years), but still remained in nonattainment, a statistically significant change in the shape of the seasonally averaged diurnal profile occurred. Based on the results obtained in this study, the evaluation of diurnal patterns may be useful for identifying the influence of changes in emission levels versus meteorological variation on attainment status. Using data from the southern California and Dallas-Fort Worth sites, which showed improvements in O3 levels, changes were observed in the seasonally averaged diurnal profiles. On the other hand, tor the sites moving between attainment and nonattainment status, such a change in shape was generally not observed and it was possible that meteorology played a more important role than changes in emission levels relative to attainment status. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LEFOHN, AS (reprint author), ASL & ASSOCIATES,111 N LAST CHANCE GULCH,HELENA,MT 59601, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1472 EP 1478 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX438 UT WOS:A1993MX43800005 ER PT J AU TROXLER, WL CUDAHY, JJ YEZZI, JJ ZINK, RP ROSENTHAL, SI AF TROXLER, WL CUDAHY, JJ YEZZI, JJ ZINK, RP ROSENTHAL, SI TI TREATMENT OF NONHAZARDOUS PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SOILS BY THERMAL-DESORPTION TECHNOLOGIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Spills, leaks, and accidental discharges of petroleum products have contaminated soil at thousands of sites in the United States. One remedial action technique for treating petroleum contaminated soil is the use of thermal desorption technologies. This paper describes key elements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report titled ''Thermal Desorption Applications Manual for Treating Nonhazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soils.''1 The applications manual describes the types, mechanical and operating characteristics of thermal desorption technologies that are commercially available to treat petroleum-contaminated soils. It also provides step-by-step procedures to rate the critical success factors influencing the general applicability of thermal desorption at a particular site. These factors include site, waste and soil characteristics, regulatory requirements, and process equipment design and operating characteristics. Procedures are provided to determine the types of thermal desorption systems that are most technically suitable for a given application and to determine whether on-site or off-site treatment is likely to be the most cost-effective alternative. Key factors that determine process economics are identified, and estimated cost ranges for treating petroleum-contaminated soils are presented. Spreadsheets are provided that can be used for performing cost analyses for specific applications. The aforementioned report is applicable only to the treatment of petroleum-contaminated soils that are exempt from being classified as hazardous wastes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or as toxic materials under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Although much of the technical discussion in this paper is applicable to the treatment of both nonhazardous and hazardous or toxic materials, permitting requirements and treatment costs are significantly different for the individual categories of waste materials. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837. FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE INC,EDISON,NJ 08837. RP TROXLER, WL (reprint author), FOCUS ENVIRONM INC,SUITE A-202,9050 EXECUT PK DR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37921, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1512 EP 1525 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX438 UT WOS:A1993MX43800009 ER PT J AU COFFIN, RB CONNOLLY, JP HARRIS, PS AF COFFIN, RB CONNOLLY, JP HARRIS, PS TI AVAILABILITY OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON TO BACTERIOPLANKTON EXAMINED BY OXYGEN UTILIZATION SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; MICROBIAL PLANKTON; BIOMASS; RATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; ESTUARINE; ENVIRONMENTS; RESPIRATION AB Oxygen consumption is used to study the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) utilization by bacteria. Preliminary incubation experiments examining oxygen consumption and bacterial growth demonstrated that a small labile fraction of the total DOC pool typically supports bacterial metabolism. Bacterial growth and respiration rates were frequently fastest within the first few hours of incubation experiments suggesting that the pool of organic matter used for growth was rapidly consumed. Comparisons of bacterial production and respiration with total DOC concentrations suggested that approximately 1 to 3% of the pool supports bacterial growth. The presence of a small labile component of the DOC pool suggests a close coupling between bacteria and sources of substrate. Bacterial coupling to phytoplankton was examined in mesocosm experiments in which phytoplankton were enriched with nutrients and bacterial production and oxygen consumption were followed over diel cycles. Bacterial production, oxygen consumption and the availability of organic matter were highest during daylight, when phytoplankton production was assumed to be greatest. The effect of a varying carbon supply over diel cycles on bacterial growth efficiency was examined. During the mesocosm experiment, growth efficiencies were greatest during daylight when substrate availability was greatest. At several estuarine sites, efficiencies varied markedly over daily and seasonal temporal scales. These results suggest that growth efficiency is an important consideration when estimating the bacterial role in aquatic carbon cycles. C1 MANHATTAN COLL, ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM, RIVERDALE, NY 10471 USA. TECH RESOURCES INC, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. RP COFFIN, RB (reprint author), US EPA, GBERL, 1 SABINE ISL DR, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 49 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.3354/meps101009 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ME437 UT WOS:A1993ME43700002 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM ZHAO, X AF CROFTON, KM ZHAO, X TI MID-FREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS IN RATS FOLLOWING INHALATION EXPOSURE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE - EVIDENCE FROM REFLEX MODIFICATION AUDIOMETRY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEARING LOSS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; REFLEX MODIFICATION AUDIOMETRY ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; WEANLING RATS; TOLUENE; OTOTOXICITY; NOISE AB The present experiments were undertaken to characterize the hearing loss associated with 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. Adult male Long-Evans (LE) rats were exposed to TCE via inhalation (whole body) for 6 h/day for 5 days. The concentration-effect function (0-4000 ppm) was determined 3 weeks post-exposure. Animals were tested for auditory thresholds to 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40-kHz tones using reflex modification audiometry. In a separate experiment, the time course of effects was determined by monitoring 16-kHz thresholds prior to, 1 h following each of the 5 exposure days, and 5 days, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-exposure. At 14 weeks, these same animals were tested for thresholds to 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40-kHz tones. Results indicate elevated thresholds (hearing loss) for the 4000 ppm group at 8 and 16 kHz of approximately 18 and 30 dB, respectively. Time-course data demonstrated a rapid onset, a 20-dB loss at 16 kHz after the fifth exposure day, and a 40-dB loss by 2 weeks that persisted up to 14 weeks post-exposure. These data demonstrate an atypical and persistent, mid-frequency hearing loss in rats following inhalation exposure to TCE. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 6 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90059-W PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA MH799 UT WOS:A1993MH79900009 PM 8302243 ER PT J AU RAUB, WF AF RAUB, WF TI PUBLIC-HEALTH AND RESPONSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP - SOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADERSHIP BY PHYSICIANS SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article RP RAUB, WF (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,W1139,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 109 IS 5 BP 808 EP 810 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA MJ891 UT WOS:A1993MJ89100005 PM 8247557 ER PT J AU JONES, TL BETOWSKI, LD AF JONES, TL BETOWSKI, LD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKYL-TINS AND ARYL-TINS BY MEANS OF ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TRIBUTYLTIN AB The organotins, mainly the trialkyltins and triphenyltins, have a widespread application as fungicides, anti-fouling coatings for porous and non-porous surfaces, herbicides, insecticides, and generic biocides. Traditional environmental monitoring methods can only give limited speciation of the organometallics. The speciation of a wide variety of alkyl- and aryl-tin isomers using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry under positive-ionization conditions is reported. Detection of the organotins was enhanced by the use of acetic acid in the methanol mobile phase. There were unexpected high-mass ions with multiple tin-isotope patterns present in many of the spectra. These high-mass species were possibly attributable to tin polymers, whose presence has been observed by others using X-ray methods. RP JONES, TL (reprint author), US EPA,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290071108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA MG241 UT WOS:A1993MG24100007 ER PT J AU TEMPLIN, MV PARKER, JC BULL, RJ AF TEMPLIN, MV PARKER, JC BULL, RJ TI RELATIVE FORMATION OF DICHLOROACETATE AND TRICHLOROACETATE FROM TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN MALE B6C3F1 MICE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; METABOLISM; MOUSE; ACID; CARCINOGENICITY; INDUCTION; LIVER; RATS; PHARMACOKINETICS C1 US EPA,OHEA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP TEMPLIN, MV (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL PHARM,PHARMACOL TOXICOL GRAD PROGRAM,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1214 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MF919 UT WOS:A1993MF91900001 PM 8236248 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, PRS SHIN, DS TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ AF KODAVANTI, PRS SHIN, DS TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF 2 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS ON CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN RAT CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXICITY; BRAIN; SYNAPTOSOMES; CULTURE; CA-2+; MICE; CA2+; HEPATOCYTES; CALMODULIN; INDICATORS C1 NIEHS,DIV INTRAMURAL RES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP KODAVANTI, PRS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 57 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1226 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MF919 UT WOS:A1993MF91900013 PM 8236268 ER PT J AU MATTIE, DR HOEFLICH, TJ JONES, CE HORTON, ML WHITMIRE, RE GODIN, CS FLEMMING, CD ANDERSEN, ME AF MATTIE, DR HOEFLICH, TJ JONES, CE HORTON, ML WHITMIRE, RE GODIN, CS FLEMMING, CD ANDERSEN, ME TI THE COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF OPERATIONAL AIR-FORCE HYDRAULIC FLUIDS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC FLUIDS; MALE F344 RATS; NEPHROPATHY; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION ID HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; VAPOR INHALATION TOXICITY; MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; D-LIMONENE; POLYCHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE; ACID; DECALIN AB The subchronic (26 day) oral toxicities of two AF hydraulic fluids (MIL-H-5606 [H5], MIL-H-83282 [H8]), a commercial phosphate ester (PE), and two candidate hydraulic fluids (low temperature version of MIL-H-83282 [LT] and chlorotrifluorethylene oligomers [polyCTFE]) were compared in male F-344 rats. Oral dosing was used in order to quickly compare these fluids to PolyCTFE, the only fluid at the time to have been tested in a 90-day inhalation study. Rats were initially dosed with 1.0 g/kg/day of each fluid. H8 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) while LT produced an anemia and leukocytosis. Exposure to H5 fluid resulted in lymphocytopenia and persistent diuresis. Due to their greater toxicity, resulting in lethality in the first dosing study, only 0.5 g/kg/day of PE and PolyCTFE were administered in the second study. Exposure to PE (0.5 g/kg) resulted in an anemia and decreases in BW (day 10 until day 25), spleen/BW ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREAT). PolyCREAT (0.5 g/kg) decreased BW (day 11 to the end of the study) and testicular weight. PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg) increased relative spleen weights, various clinical chemistry parameters, and triggered a reversible diuresis. PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg), PE (0.5 g/kg), and H5 produced an increase in absolute and relative liver weights compared to control livers. Peroxisomal beta oxidation, an indicator of peroxisomal proliferation, was significantly increasedabove control levels in the livers of all rats except the PE (0.5 g/kg) group, where the increase was nor significant. Hydrocarbon nephropathy, indicated by increased levels of hyaline droplets in kidney tubules, was severe in H5, mild in H8, LT, and PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg), and minimal in PE (0.5 g/kg). The MIL-H-83282 fluids (H8 and LT) were the least toxic hydraulic fluids. PolyCTFE and PE were the most toxic, with H5 intermediate. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHOL INC,DAYTON,OH. US EPA,HERL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP MATTIE, DR (reprint author), USAF,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,DIV TOXICOL,ARMSTRONG LAB,OL AL HSC OETA BLDG 79,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1016 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NB269 UT WOS:A1993NB26900002 PM 8191505 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM AF ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM TI LOWERING PH INCREASES EMBRYONIC SENSITIVITY TO FORMATE IN WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Vertebrate Whole Embryo Culture CY NOV 08-11, 1992 CL BASEL, SWITZERLAND ID METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; VALPROIC ACID; WEAK ACIDS; METHANOL; RAT; TOXICITY; INVITRO AB The effects of formate exposure on mammalian embryo development were investigated using the rat whole embryo culture system as a model. Day 9.5 (presomite) rat embryos were explanted and cultured for 48 hr in rotating bottles containing rat serum with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 or 1.6 mg sodium formate/ml culture medium at pH 8.13, 7.75, 7.00, 6.50 or 6.00 to determine whether the pH of the culture medium affects the in vitro developmental toxicity of formate. Several parameters of embryonic development decreased in the presence of decreasing pH, suggesting that altered pH alone could have a negative impact on embryo development. Exposure to 1.6 mg formate/ml affected protein concentration, somite number (SN), head length (HL), developmental score (DS), crown-rump length (CRL) and yolk-sac diameter of embryos at all pH levels. Formate became more toxic with decreasing pH of the culture media. There was an apparent pa-dependent increase in embryolethality at 1.6 mg formate/ml and 100% lethality at pH 6.00. The 1.2-mg/ml formate concentration affected DS, CR, HL and protein content at the pH 7.75 level whereas 0.8 mg formate/ml resulted in reduced DS, HL, CR, SN and protein content at pH levels of 7.00 and lower. At pH 6.5, embryos that were not exposed to formate were not significantly different from the other control groups except in reduced CR but at this pH, all exposure levels of formate resulted in microcephaly and reduction in embryonic protein as well as reduced CR. These data demonstrate that sensitivity to formate-induced embryo toxicity and dysmorphogenesis in whole embryo culture is increased in the presence of lower pH. RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 6 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(93)90078-J PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MU042 UT WOS:A1993MU04200012 PM 20732277 ER PT J AU WEIS, P WEIS, JS COUCH, J AF WEIS, P WEIS, JS COUCH, J TI HISTOPATHOLOGY AND BIOACCUMULATION IN OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA LIVING ON WOOD PRESERVED WITH CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; OYSTER; WOOD PRESERVATIVE ID CONTAMINANTS; INDICATOR; ESTUARIES; EXPOSURE; METALS; EDULIS; LUMBER; SIZE AB Oysters Crassostrea virginica living inside a residential canal lined with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood had elevated levels of metals, especially copper, and were sometimes green in color. Compared to reference oysters collected from nearby rocks, these oysters had an elevated prevalence of a previously described histopathological atrophic condition (metaplasia) of the digestive diverticula. The condition did not manifest itself, however, in reference site oysters that were transplanted into the canal for a 3 mo period, during which time they attained an average of two-thirds of the resident canal oysters' copper level. C1 RUTGERS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEWARK,NJ 07102. US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP WEIS, P (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,DEPT ANAT,NEWARK,NJ 07103, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 21 PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.3354/dao017041 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA MJ877 UT WOS:A1993MJ87700006 ER PT J AU KOVALEV, VA AF KOVALEV, VA TI LIDAR MEASUREMENT OF THE VERTICAL AEROSOL EXTINCTION PROFILES WITH RANGE-DEPENDENT BACKSCATTER-TO-EXTINCTION RATIOS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; INVERSION PROBLEMS; EXTINCTION; REMOTE SENSING ID INVERSION; RETURNS; COEFFICIENTS; ALGORITHM; CLOUDS AB An iterative lidar-signal inversion method is presented that is valid for two-component (molecular and aerosol) scattering atmospheres. The iterative procedure transforms the original lidar signal, thereby making it possible to use the lidar-equation solution for a single-component atmosphere. In a manner analogous to Fernald's approach, the molecular extinction profile is used as a foundation for the boundary-condition determination, but the inversion procedure can be performed with either constant or variable (range-dependent) phase functions. A specific region in the measured range is located at which the ratio of the aerosol to molecular extinction coefficients is a minimum as determined by an examination of the lidar-signal profile; for this region boundary conditions are specified. RP KOVALEV, VA (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB LAS VEGAS, POB 93478, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 30 BP 6053 EP 6065 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA MC053 UT WOS:A1993MC05300028 PM 20856432 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S BECK, S BALL, LM SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A AF NESNOW, S BECK, S BALL, LM SANGAIAH, R GOLD, A TI MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS BY CYCLOPENTA-FUSED DERIVATIVES OF BENZO[A]PYRENE AND BENZO[E]PYRENE SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION; C3H10T1/2 CELLS; METABOLIC ACTIVATION ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; MOUSE SKIN; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; ISOMERS; LINE AB Cyclopenta-fused homologs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have proven to be more genotoxic and tumorigenic than their parent PAHs. In an effort to uncover their mechanisms of metabolic activation, the morphological transforming activities of dibenzo[k,mno]acephenanthrylene (CP(3,4)B[a]P), dibenzo[j,mno]acephenanthrylene (CP(1,12)B[a]P) and naphtho[1,2,3,4-mno]acephenanthrylene (CPB[e]P) were studied in C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts. CP(3,4)B[a]P, a PAH with a blocked K region and unblocked bay region, was highly active inducing an average of 1.1 Type II and III foci/dish at 5 mu g/ml with an average of 67% of the dishes containing foci. This activity was similar to that of benzo[a]pyrene. CP(1,12)B[a]P and CPB[e]P were inactive. The relative positions of the cyclopenta-ring and bay region may play an essential role in the metabolic activation of these PAHs and their biological activities. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47964] NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90039-C PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA MK173 UT WOS:A1993MK17300004 PM 8287368 ER PT J AU BOYLE, KM KIM, TY FLYNN, MR WIENER, RW AF BOYLE, KM KIM, TY FLYNN, MR WIENER, RW TI NUMERICAL-CALCULATION OF INERTIAL ASPIRATION EFFICIENCY OF AEROSOLS INTO THIN-WALLED SAMPLING INLETS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND VELOCITY; CALM AIR; ANGLES AB Unbiased sampling of airborne particulate from a flowing stream requires that the size distribution and concentration of aerosol collected be identical to that of the aerosol in the free stream. Sampling errors occur during aspiration of the aerosol from the free stream to the face or the inlet and during transmission of the aerosol along the sampling tube. Additional losses or gains may occur due to particle bounce from the front edge of the sampler. In this article, a numerical model for determining the aspiration component of overall sampling efficiency for an arbitrarily shaped thin-walled inlet is presented. The numerical simulations presented here are limited to examining the effect of pitch angle and velocity ratio on the aspiration efficiency. Both two- and three-dimensional numerical predictions of aspiration efficiency are compared with empirically based predictions from the unified model of Hangal and Willeke (1990). In general, the more realistic three-dimensional simulations were in better agreement with the unified model. C1 CHANGWON NATL UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,CHANG WON 641240,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,ENVIRONM SYST MONITORING LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BOYLE, KM (reprint author), USAF,OEMI,AL,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1080/02786829308959632 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MA046 UT WOS:A1993MA04600002 ER PT J AU FRISCHER, TM KUEHR, J PULLWITT, A MEINERT, R FORSTER, J STUDNICKA, M KOREN, H AF FRISCHER, TM KUEHR, J PULLWITT, A MEINERT, R FORSTER, J STUDNICKA, M KOREN, H TI AMBIENT OZONE CAUSES UPPER AIRWAYS INFLAMMATION IN CHILDREN SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; EXPOSURE; NASAL; RESPONSES; HUMANS AB Ozone constitutes a major air pollutant in Western Europe. During the summer national air quality standards are frequently exceeded, which justifies concern about the health effects of ozone at ambient concentrations. We studied upper airways inflammation after ozone exposure in 44 children by repeated nasal lavages from May to October 1991. During this time period five to eight lavages were performed for each child. On 14 days following high ozone exposure (daily maximum greater-than-or-equal-to 180 mug/m3) 148 nasal lavages were performed, and on 10 days following low ozone exposure (daily maximum less-than-or-equal-to 140 mug/m3) 106 nasal lavages were performed. A significant increase of intra-individual mean polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) counts from low ozone days (median, 20.27 x 10(3)) to high ozone days (median, 27.38 x 10(3); p < 0.01) was observed. Concomitant with a decrease of ozone concentrations in the fall mean PMN counts showed a downward trend. Linear regression analysis of log-PMN counts yielded a significant effect for ozone (p = 0.017). In a subsample humoral markers of inflammation were measured for each child's highest and lowest exposure. A significant increase was observed for eosinophilic cationic protein (median, 3.49 mug/L on low ozone days versus 5.39 mug/L on high ozone days; p < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase (median, 77.39 mug/L on low ozone days versus 138.6 mug/L on high ozone days; p < 0.05). Thus we conclude that ozone at ambient concentrations initiates a reversible inflammatory response of the upper airways in normal children. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CTR PULM DIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED 1,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. UNIV FREIBURG,CHILDRENS HOSP,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. RP FRISCHER, TM (reprint author), UNIV VIENNA,CHILDRENS HOSP,WAHRINGERGURTE,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 20 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 148 IS 4 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA MC073 UT WOS:A1993MC07300022 PM 8214951 ER PT J AU LIEN, GJ MCKIM, JM AF LIEN, GJ MCKIM, JM TI PREDICTING BRANCHIAL AND CUTANEOUS UPTAKE OF 2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL IN FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS) AND JAPANESE MEDAKA (ORYZIAS-LATIPES) - RATE-LIMITING FACTORS SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED MODEL; FATHEAD MINNOW; JAPANESE MEDAKA; BRANCHIAL; CUTANEOUS; UPTAKE; 2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GILLS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; EXCHANGE; FLOW; BIOCONCENTRATION; EXPOSURE; MODEL AB A physiologically based model was used to predict the bioconcentration of a waterborne, neutral, non-metabolized xenobiotic compound in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). This study included a quantitative assessment of the primary mechanistic variables regulating uptake across branchial and cutaneous surfaces in these small fish. Model simulations suggest that branchial and cutaneous surfaces have approx. equal capacity to support exchange of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). A large cutaneous surface-area-to-volume ratio and a relatively small diffusion distance across the skin in these fish both contribute to the relatively greater contribution of cutaneous absorption as compared to larger fish. The accuracy of model simulations was evaluated by comparison of predicted and observed bioconcentration of TCB in fathead minnows and Japanese medaka. The complete model, incorporating simultaneous branchial and cutaneous flux, predicts absorption of TCB that is in basic agreement with bioconcentration observed in this study. This suggests that the absorption of neutral waterborne xenobiotics by small fish (< 4 g) can be accurately described in terms of a few fundamental physiological, morphological and physico-chemical parameters and that a physiologically based modeling approach can be used effectively to predict the bioconcentration of xenobiotics in small fish. RP LIEN, GJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90044-2 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA MF038 UT WOS:A1993MF03800002 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, JW MCKIM, JM LIEN, GJ HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL GALLINAT, CA AF NICHOLS, JW MCKIM, JM LIEN, GJ HOFFMAN, AD BERTELSEN, SL GALLINAT, CA TI PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED TOXICOKINETIC MODELING OF 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES IN CHANNEL CATFISH, ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; CHANNEL CATFISH; 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE; PENTACHLOROETHANE; HEXACHLOROETHANE ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RISK ASSESSMENT; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; FISH GILLS; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM AB A physiologically-based toxicokinetic model for fish was used to describe the uptake and disposition of three chlorinated ethanes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Catfish were simultaneously exposed to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE), pentachloroethane (PCE), and hexachloroethane (HCE) in fish respirometer-metabolism chambers to assess the kinetics of chemical accumulation in arterial blood and chemical extraction efficiency from inspired water. Chemical residues in tissues were measured at the end of each experiment. These data were used to evaluate the accuracy of model simulations and to form a basis for comparison with information collected previously from rainbow trout. TCE was at or near steady-state in catfish after 48 h. For PCE and HCE the time to steady-state appeared to be considerably longer than 48 h. Parameterized with in vitro chemical partitioning information, the model accurately simulated the accumulation of TCE in arterial blood and its uptake from inspired water, but consistently underestimated the uptake and accumulation of both PCE and HCE. The cause of these discrepancies was not conclusively determined; however, several possible sources of error were evaluated, including physiological and chemical partitioning inputs, and underlying modeling assumptions. A comparison of data sets and modeling efforts for rainbow trout and channel catfish suggests that gross similarities between the two species can be attributed to the comparability of relevant physiological and chemical partitioning parameters. C1 ASCI CORP INC,DULUTH,MN. RP NICHOLS, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90049-7 PG 30 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA MF038 UT WOS:A1993MF03800007 ER PT J AU WALLACE, L HARTWELL, T PELLIZZARI, E AF WALLACE, L HARTWELL, T PELLIZZARI, E TI PERSONAL EXPOSURES, INDOOR OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS, AND BREATH LEVELS OF TOXIC AIR-POLLUTANTS MEASURED FOR 355 PERSONS IN NEW-JERSEY - REPLY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Discussion RP WALLACE, L (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2245 EP 2247 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90056-5 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MD968 UT WOS:A1993MD96800018 ER PT J AU WALLACE, L HARTWELL, T PELLIZZARI, E AF WALLACE, L HARTWELL, T PELLIZZARI, E TI PERSONAL EXPOSURES, INDOOR OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS, AND BREATH LEVELS OF TOXIC AIR-POLLUTANTS MEASURED FOR 355 PERSONS IN NEW-JERSEY - REPLY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Discussion ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MAJOR SOURCES; BENZENE RP WALLACE, L (reprint author), US EPA, OFF RES & DEV, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2249 EP 2249 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90058-7 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MD968 UT WOS:A1993MD96800020 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, RS AF THOMPSON, RS TI BUILDING AMPLIFICATION FACTORS FOR SOURCES NEAR BUILDINGS - A WIND-TUNNEL STUDY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; DISPERSION; BUILDING; WIND TUNNEL; FLUID MODELING ID SURFACE MOUNTED CUBE; PLUME DISPERSION; MODEL CUBE; FIELD; FLOW; DIFFUSION; VICINITY AB The aerodynamics of a building can strongly influence the dispersion of pollutants released from nearby sources. Low releases may be entrained into the building's highly turbulent flow region and result in high pollutant concentrations on the building surface where building air intakes are located. High releases may result in increased concentrations at ground level downwind of the building as a result of the building's influence on the mean flow field. High releases at distances far upwind of the building can produce significant concentrations on the building surfaces if the building extends up into the elevated plume. Concentration measurements from a wind-tunnel study for numerous release locations upwind, above and downwind of each of four rectangular buildings are presented and compared with some previous measurements and calculations. Both building surface and ground-level values are presented. The concentrations are used to compute ''building amplification factors'', which are defined as the ratios of the maximum concentration from a given source near the building to the maximum concentration from the same source in the absence of the building. This simple measure of the building's influence showed a significant influence of the building on concentrations from sources far upwind of the building, sources well above the building cavity and sources in the near wake of the building. RP THOMPSON, RS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ATMOSPHER CHARACTERIZAT & MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 15 BP 2313 EP 2325 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90400-S PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MG296 UT WOS:A1993MG29600005 ER PT J AU SPENCE, JW LIPFERT, FW KATZ, S AF SPENCE, JW LIPFERT, FW KATZ, S TI THE EFFECT OF SPECIMEN SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORIENTATION ON DRY DEPOSITION TO GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE DRY DEPOSITION; RUN-OFF CHEMISTRY; GALVANIZED STEEL; SO2; HNO3; HCL; CORROSION; SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER ID CORROSION; IMPACT; NOX AB Galvanized steel specimens varying in size, shape, orientation angle and previous exposure history (weathered specimens) were exposed at Research Triangle Park, NC, in the absence of natural precipitation. The soluble corrosion products were assumed to represent the effects of dry deposition of airborne substances. The statistical analysis of their variability in relation to atmospheric conditions suggested that these substances included sulfur dioxide, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and calcium (presumably from coarse particles). The specimen characteristic most influencing inferred dry deposition was previous exposure history. Deposition of gases depended on surface condition (wetness), wind speed, temperature, and to a lesser extent, orientation angle. Deposition of particles depended on orientation angle. Loss of soluble zinc from specimens varied with specimen size to the -0.2 power, even though Reynolds numbers based on average wind speeds and specimen length were well below those classically expected to produce turbulent flow. C1 ENVIRONM CONSULTANT,NORTHPORT,NY. SUNY BUFFALO,BUFFALO,NY 14260. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP SPENCE, JW (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 15 BP 2327 EP 2336 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90401-J PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MG296 UT WOS:A1993MG29600006 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J WEISS, ST AF SCHWARTZ, J WEISS, ST TI PREDICTION OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS BY PERIPHERAL-BLOOD NEUTROPHILS AND EOSINOPHILS IN THE 1ST NATIONAL NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES-I) SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTORS; SKIN-TEST REACTIVITY; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; LUNG-FUNCTION; SMOKERS; ASTHMA; ALLERGY; SERUM AB To examine specific cellular markers of inflammation in peripheral blood (neutrophils and eosinophils) and their relationship to respiratory symptoms, we used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Cross-sectional data were available on a random sample of 6,913 adults aged 30 to 74 years who had American Thoracic Society-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute questionnaire information on respiratory symptoms and illnesses, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, dyspnea (grade 3), chronic cough, and chronic phlegm. Information was available on age, race, smoking status, peripheral blood leukocyte count, and differential cell count. These data were analyzed using logistic regression controlling for age, race, sex, and cigarette smoking. Physician-diagnosed asthma was significantly associated only with the eosinophil count (p=0.001). Physician-diagnosed bronchitis was significantly associated with the neutrophil count (p=0.012) and marginally associated with the eosinophil count (p=0.072). Chronic phlegm was also significantly associated with both the eosinophil count (p=0.049) and the neutrophil count (p=0.041). Grade 3 dyspnea (p=0.049) was only significantly associated with the neutrophil count. These data suggest that both peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils are associated with a broad range of respiratory symptoms and that the eosinophil may play a role in nonasthmatic respiratory inflammation. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,180 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE,BOSTON,MA 02215. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL34645]; PHS HHS [19170] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1210 EP 1215 DI 10.1378/chest.104.4.1210 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA MC283 UT WOS:A1993MC28300049 PM 8404195 ER PT J AU ISRAELI, E SHAFFER, BT LIGHTHART, B AF ISRAELI, E SHAFFER, BT LIGHTHART, B TI PROTECTION OF FREEZE-DRIED ESCHERICHIA-COLI BY TREHALOSE UPON EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESERVATION C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1006/cryo.1993.1052 PG 5 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA LY029 UT WOS:A1993LY02900008 PM 8252918 ER PT J AU DESAILLAN, C AF DESAILLAN, C TI IN PRAISE OF SUPERFUND SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article RP DESAILLAN, C (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ENFORCEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 8 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ600 UT WOS:A1993LZ60000009 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S ROSS, J NELSON, G HOLDEN, K EREXSON, G KLIGERMAN, A GUPTA, RC AF NESNOW, S ROSS, J NELSON, G HOLDEN, K EREXSON, G KLIGERMAN, A GUPTA, RC TI QUANTITATIVE AND TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DNA ADDUCT FORMATION IN TARGET AND SURROGATE TISSUES - IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOMONITORING SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; RAT LUNG; BENZOPYRENE; TUMORIGENICITY; SENSITIVITY; PERSISTENCE; METABOLITES; DERIVATIVES; 6-POSITION AB DNA-carcinogen adducts offer a potential dosimeter for environmental genotoxicants reaching the exposed individual. Because the target tissues for many chemical carcinogens are not readily accessible for monitoring adducts in humans, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) have served as surrogate sources of exposed DNA. Both benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) are widely distributed in the environment as components of complex mixtures, such as automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, foods, water, and urban air. Thus, human exposure to these chemicals is widespread, and they probably contribute to overall human lung cancer risk. The interpretation of the results of such studies would be enhanced by an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of specific DNA adduct formation and persistence in both target and surrogate tissues. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats IP at 100 mg PAH/kg body weight. Lung, liver, and PBL tissues were harvested 1, 3,7,14,28, and 56 days after treatment. DNA was extracted from each tissue and P-32-postlabeling analysis of DNA adducts with nuclease P1 enhancement was conducted. In all three tissues, BaP-DNA adducts exhibit a similar pattern, reaching a maximum at 3-4 days, followed by a decrease to 56 days. For BbF, the maximum DNA adduct levels in each tissue were between 5 and 14 days after injection. By 56 days after administration, the total adducts remaining in all tissues were measurable. Correlation analyses of the amount of DNA adducts in lung or liver compared to those found in the PBL of the same animals suggest a range of correlations (R2 = 0.67-0.83). For BaP, DNA adducts in both liver and lung may be predicted by PBL DNA adduct levels. For BbF, adduct levels in PBLs directly reflect adduct levels in the liver and are less predictive of lung adduct levels. The collateral pharmacokinetics for DNA adduct persistence in lung, liver, and PBLs suggest that PBL adduct-based dosimetry may reflect patterns of adduction in other less accessible tissues. Thus, PBL DNA adducts may prove to be useful dosimeters for the delivered dose of DNA. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXIC BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 101 SU 3 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.2307/3431697 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MN668 UT WOS:A1993MN66800008 PM 8143643 ER PT J AU WATERS, MD STACK, HF JACKSON, MA BRIDGES, BA AF WATERS, MD STACK, HF JACKSON, MA BRIDGES, BA TI HAZARD IDENTIFICATION - EFFICIENCY OF SHORT-TERM TESTS IN IDENTIFYING GERM-CELL MUTAGENS AND PUTATIVE NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; SALMONELLA; MOUSE; CLASSIFICATION; MECHANISMS; ACRYLAMIDE; MUTATIONS; INDUCTION AB For more than a decade, mutagenicity tests have had a clearly defined role in the identification of potential human mutagens and an ancillary role in the identification of potential human carcinogens. The efficiency of short-term tests in identifying germ cell mutagens has been examined using a combined data set derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/International Agency for Research on Cancer Genetic Activity Profile (EPA/IARC GAP) and EPA Gene-Tox databases. Our review of these data indicates adequate sensitivity of batteries of in vitro short-term mutagenicity tests in identifying germ cell mutagens. The analysis also supports the inclusion of an in vivo assay as suggested in proposed regulatory testing guidelines. In the context of carcinogenicity testing, the ability of short-term bioassays to detect genotoxic or mutagenic carcinogens is well established. Such tests are not considered to be as sensitive to nongenotoxic or nonmutagenic carcinogens. However, analyses presented in this report using the EPA/IARC GAP database demonstrate that many putative nongenotoxic carcinogens that have been adequately tested in short-term genetic bioassays induce gene or chromosomal mutation or aneuploidy. Further investigation should reveal whether the mutagenicity of these agents plays an important mechanistic role in their carcinogenicity. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV SUSSEX,MRC,CELL MUTAT UNIT,BRIGHTON BN1 944,ENGLAND. RP WATERS, MD (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 101 SU 3 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.2307/3431702 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MN668 UT WOS:A1993MN66800013 PM 8143649 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM BELL, DA LEVINE, JG SHELTON, ML ABUSHAKRA, A AF DEMARINI, DM BELL, DA LEVINE, JG SHELTON, ML ABUSHAKRA, A TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONS INDUCED AT THE HISD3052 ALLELE OF SALMONELLA BY SINGLE CHEMICALS AND COMPLEX-MIXTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TYPHIMURIUM TA98; LUNG-TUMORS; GENOTOXICITY; PROTOONCOGENES; CARCINOGENS; MUTAGENESIS; STRATEGIES; REVERTANTS; SMOKE AB More single chemicals and complex environmental mixtures have been evaluated for mutagenicity at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella, primarily in strain TA98, than in any other mutation assay. The development of colony probe hybridization procedures and the application of the polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing has permitted rapid molecular access to this allele. We discuss these techniques and the resulting mutation spectra that have been induced by a variety of environmental mutagens and complex mixtures. A common GC or CG deletion within a hot-spot region of the sequence dominates most of the spectra. In addition to this two-base deletion, we have recovered about 200 other types of mutations within the 72-base target for reversion of the hisD3052 allele. These include a variety of deletions (as large as 35 bases), duplications (as large as 46 bases), and complex mutations involving base substitutions. The quasipalindromic nature of the target sequence and its potential to form DNA secondary structures and slippage mismatches appear to be an important basis for the mutability of this allele. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA, DIV GENET TOXICOL, MD-68A, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 101 SU 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.2307/3431727 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MN668 UT WOS:A1993MN66800038 PM 8143618 ER PT J AU MOORE, MM HARRINGTONBROCK, K ZIMMERMAN, LJ BURNETTE, LP SMITH, TW EVERSON, RB ONEILL, JP FUSCOE, JC AF MOORE, MM HARRINGTONBROCK, K ZIMMERMAN, LJ BURNETTE, LP SMITH, TW EVERSON, RB ONEILL, JP FUSCOE, JC TI QUANTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HPRT MUTANTS OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CLONING ASSAY; FREQUENCY; MUTATIONS; LOCUS; GENE; DELETION; INVITRO AB Somatic mutations have been implicated as critical early events in carcinogenesis. Point mutations, deletions, and translocation events have been shown to activate oncogenes or inactivate suppressor oncogenes. In human population monitoring, quantitative analysis of mutation events that affect gene function is limited to those genes whose cellular phenotypes can be identified by selection procedures and to those tissues (like blood) that are accessible for analysis. In an effort to determine the frequency and types of mutations that can be detected at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene, we have used the T-cell cloning assay and have developed a strategy to propagate mutants and screen for point mutations and breakage events. Early in the clonal expansion of mutants, 1-2 x 10(4) cells are prepared as a crude cell lysate, and a sample is analyzed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those mutants that yield altered DNA fragments are then expanded for Southern blot hybridization, PCR, flanking probe isolation, and I)NA sequencing. To date we have found presumed point mutations, intragenic deletions, and deletions that extend outside of the hprt gene. By analyzing mutations in selectable, nonessential gene markers, it should be possible to understand mechanisms of both spontaneous and induced genetic damage. An association of these specific genetic events with human diseases and the evaluation of the ability of environmental chemicals to induce these specific types of mutations will lead to a rational basis for evaluating risks from various chemical exposures. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT MED,GENET LAB,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. UNIV VERMONT,VERMONT REG CANC CTR,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. RP MOORE, MM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 101 SU 3 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MN668 UT WOS:A1993MN66800040 PM 8143621 ER PT J AU VIDIC, RD SUIDAN, MT BRENNER, RC AF VIDIC, RD SUIDAN, MT BRENNER, RC TI OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF PHENOLS ON ACTIVATED CARBON - IMPACT ON ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPHENOLIZATION SCHEME; AQUEOUS PHENOL; WASTEWATERS; OXYGEN; CAPACITY; OZONE AB Previously reported results by the authors revealed that the presence of molecular oxygen (oxic conditions) in the test environment can, in some instances, cause up to a 3-fold increase in the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) for phenolic compounds. It was discovered that these compounds undergo oxidative coupling on the carbon surface under oxic conditions. The polymers formed as a result of these chemical reactions are very difficult to desorb from the surface of GAC. This led to significant irreversible adsorption in the presence of molecular oxygen. On the other hand, when the same compounds are adsorbed on the carbon surface under anoxic conditions, essentially all of the adsorbate can be recovered from the carbon surface by solvent extraction. The ionized species of phenolic compounds showed even higher susceptibility toward polymerization on the surface of GAC than the parent neutral molecules. GAC particle size did not influence the extent of polymerization. Oxygen uptake measurements revealed significant consumption of molecular oxygen during the adsorption of phenolic compounds. The amount of molecular oxygen consumed in these experiments was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of irreversibly adsorbed compound. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 36 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2079 EP 2085 DI 10.1021/es00047a013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ749 UT WOS:A1993LZ74900020 ER PT J AU FLETCHER, JS PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC AF FLETCHER, JS PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC TI POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEW SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PESTICIDE C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 8 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2250 EP 2252 DI 10.1021/es00047a037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ749 UT WOS:A1993LZ74900044 ER PT J AU NORBERGKING, TJ SCHMIDT, S AF NORBERGKING, TJ SCHMIDT, S TI COMPARISON OF EFFLUENT TOXICITY RESULTS USING CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA CULTURED ON SEVERAL DIETS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SURFACTANTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 11TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-TOXICOLOGY-AND-CHEMISTRY CY NOV 11-15, 1990 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE DIETS; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; EFFLUENT TOXICITY; ACUTE TOXICITY ID 2 DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; WATER-QUALITY; SURVIVAL; AFFINIS AB Several diets have been proposed for Ceriodaphnia dubia, but no single diet has been universally accepted as optimal for toxicity testing. Although several diets for Ceriodaphnia dubia culturing and testing are commonly used, little or no data exist on whether toxicity varies with the diet. This study evaluated several combinations of yeast-Cerophyl-trout chow (YCT), Selenastrum capricornutum, and Selenastrum capricornutum-Cerophyl foods for routine culture performance and the sensitivity of the offspring in subsequent acute toxicity tests with effluents. Variations in the diets included use of a vitamin-fortified yeast added to the YCT, algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) grown in two different algal media, and different feeding rates of the algae-Cerophyl diets. Eleven diets were evaluated in a multigeneration feeding study, but only seven were used in subsequent toxicity tests. The young produced from each of the seven diets were tested in 48-h acute tests with three different effluents across the generations. Toxicity tests with the effluents gave LC50s that were within a factor of two of one another, regardless of the food used for culturing. These results indicate that several diets are satisfactory for culturing Ceriodaphnia dubia and that the results of the toxicity tests are comparable. RP NORBERGKING, TJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1945 EP 1955 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1945:COETRU]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LZ752 UT WOS:A1993LZ75200020 ER PT J AU MUMTAZ, MM SIPES, IG CLEWELL, HJ YANG, RSH AF MUMTAZ, MM SIPES, IG CLEWELL, HJ YANG, RSH TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES - BIOLOGIC AND TOXICOLOGIC ISSUES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; METABOLIC INTERACTIONS; TOLUENE; RATS; HEPATOTOXICITY; BENZENE; INVIVO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CHLORDECONE; TOXICITY C1 US EPA, CINCINNATI, OH 45241 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. ICF KE, KS CRUMP DIV, RUSTON, LA 71270 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 258 EP 269 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1098 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MC193 UT WOS:A1993MC19300001 PM 8258379 ER PT J AU MOSER, VC BOYES, WK AF MOSER, VC BOYES, WK TI PROLONGED NEUROBEHAVIORAL AND VISUAL EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE (IDPN) IN RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; CEREBRAL-LESIONS; AXONAL-TRANSPORT; IMINODIPROPIONITRILE IDPN; NEUROFILAMENT PROTEINS; AMITRAZ NEUROTOXICITY; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; PATTERN REVERSAL C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MOSER, VC (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1100 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MC193 UT WOS:A1993MC19300003 PM 8258381 ER PT J AU SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD POSS, PM LINDER, RE STRADER, LF PERREAULT, SD AF SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD POSS, PM LINDER, RE STRADER, LF PERREAULT, SD TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE HAMILTON-THORN COMPUTERIZED SPERM MOTILITY ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR USE WITH RAT SPERMATOZOA IN TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY; EPIDIDYMAL SPERM; MOTION ANALYSIS C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SLOTT, VL (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1102 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MC193 UT WOS:A1993MC19300005 PM 8258383 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, PRS MUNDY, WR TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ AF KODAVANTI, PRS MUNDY, WR TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ TI EFFECTS OF SELECTED NEUROACTIVE CHEMICALS ON CALCIUM TRANSPORTING SYSTEMS IN RAT CEREBELLUM AND ON SURVIVAL OF CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM INTERACTION; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; BRAIN CALCIUM; NEUROTOXICITY; SYNAPTOSOMES; INHIBITION; PYRETHROIDS; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHANNELS; CULTURE C1 NIEHS, DIV INTRAMURAL RES, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP KODAVANTI, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV NEUROTOXICOL, CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1103 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MC193 UT WOS:A1993MC19300006 PM 8258384 ER PT J AU JACKSON, JA DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS AF JACKSON, JA DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS TI ESTIMATION OF OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS AND CORRELATION WITH DERMAL ABSORPTION FOR SEVERAL POLYHALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPOPHILIC CHARACTER; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; STRATUM-CORNEUM; PHASE HPLC; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; POLLUTANTS C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JACKSON, JA (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1106 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MC193 UT WOS:A1993MC19300009 PM 8258387 ER PT J AU FISHER, BD MOTOWIDLO, S WERNER, S AF FISHER, BD MOTOWIDLO, S WERNER, S TI EFFECTS OF GENDER AND OTHER FACTORS ON RANK OF LAW PROFESSORS IN COLLEGES OF BUSINESS - EVIDENCE OF A GLASS CEILING SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article ID SEX-DISCRIMINATION; LABOR-MARKET; DIFFERENTIALS; SALARY AB The matter of salary levels and professional advancement is much discussed and debated today in business and academe. This paper examines the matter of salary determinants for law professors in colleges of management in the U.S. with an emphasis on examining how gender might affect professorial salary and rank. By focusing on one discipline in today's academe and in a college having great student demand (management) coupled with a professed commitment to women's rights and by holding constant variables relevant to salary and rank, this study, addresses the matter of whether gender is a factor in determination of academic rank and salary. This study used correlation and path analysis in arriving at our conclusions. Our sample size meets statistically acceptable parameters. Our results corroborate earlier research which finds significant pay differences between women and men, but they show that at least for the sample of legal studies professors in this study, these pay differences are attributable to the number of years spent in academe. If women have only recently enjoyed opportunities for careers in this discipline, they do not have as much seniority, on average as men. Consequently, if universities pay salaries at least partly according to seniority, women's salaries are likely to be lower than men's salaries, as our study indicates. At the same time, however, even after controlling for seniority and other factors that might affect rank, there are still significantly fewer women in the higher ranks. These results point to the operation of a 'glass ceiling'' which restricts promotional opportunities for women in other fields. C1 US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP FISHER, BD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ACCOUNTING & BUSINESS LAW,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 771 EP 778 DI 10.1007/BF00881309 PG 8 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LW123 UT WOS:A1993LW12300005 ER PT J AU ENTRY, JA RYGIEWICZ, PT EMMINGHAM, WH AF ENTRY, JA RYGIEWICZ, PT EMMINGHAM, WH TI ACCUMULATION OF CESIUM-137 AND SR-90 IN PONDEROSA PINE AND MONTEREY PINE-SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE CESIUM; SOIL AB Because ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa (Dougl. ex Laws)] and Monterey pine (P. radiata D Don) have exceptionally fast growth rates and their abscised needles are not readily dispersed by wind, these species may be valuable for removing radioisotopes from contaminated soils. Ponderosa and Monterey pine seedlings were tested for their ability to accumulate Cs-137 and Sr-90-characteristic radioisotopes of nuclear fallout-from contaminated soil. Seedlings were grown for 3 mo in 165 cm3 sphagnum peat moss/perlite (1:1 V/V) in a growth chamber. In Exp. 1, seedling accumulation of CS-137 and Sr-90 after 1 mo of exposure was measured. In Exp. 2, seedling accumulation of the radioisotopes during different-length exposures was measured. Seedling accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 at different concentrations of the radioisotopes in the growth medium was measured in Exp. 3. Ponderosa pine accumulated 6.3% of the Cs-137 and 1.5% of the Sr-90 present in the growth medium after 1 mo; Monterey pine accumulated 8.3% of the Cs-137 and 4.5% of the Sr-90. Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 by both coniferous species was curvilinearly related to duration of exposure. Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 by both species increased with increasing concentration in the growth medium and correlated curvilinearly with radioisotope concentration in the growth medium. Large areas throughout the world are contaminated with Cs-137 and Sr-90 as a result of nuclear weapons testing or atomic reactor accidents. The ability of trees to sequester and store Cs-137 and Sr-90 introduces the possibility of using reforestation to remediate contaminated soils. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ENTRY, JA (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,202 FUNCHESS HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 742 EP 746 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400016 ER PT J AU PANDIAN, MD OTT, WR BEHAR, JV AF PANDIAN, MD OTT, WR BEHAR, JV TI RESIDENTIAL AIR EXCHANGE-RATES FOR USE IN INDOOR AIR AND EXPOSURE MODELING STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR EXCHANGE RATE; EXPOSURE MODEL; INDOOR AIR; RESIDENTIAL AB Data on air exchange rates are important inputs to indoor air quality models. Indoor air models, in turn, are incorporated into the structure of total human exposure models. Fragmentary data on residential ventilation rates are available in various governmental reports,journal articles, and contractor reports. Most of the published papers present data on only a few homes to answer very specialized questions, and none of these publications summarize the ventilation rates of a large population of homes across the United States. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has conducted more than 4000 residential perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) measurements and brought them together into a large data base from about 100 studies in the United States and elsewhere. This paper analyzes the BNL PFT data base to generate frequency distributions and summary statistics for different regions of the United States, different seasons, and different levels within the homes. The data analyses suggest that residential ventilation rates are similar in the northeastern and northwestern states but higher in the southwestern states. Winter and fall ventilation rates are similar, but the rates are slightly higher in spring, and much higher in summer. Multi-level residences have higher air exchange rates than single-level residences. Although the BNL data are not a representative sample of homes in the United States, these analyses give insight into the range of air exchange rates found in the United States under a great variety of conditions and are intended for use by developers of models of indoor air quality and total human exposure. C1 US EPA,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 407 EP 416 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW276 UT WOS:A1993MW27600004 PM 8173341 ER PT J AU PECK, GE AF PECK, GE TI PERMIT EXEMPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Letter RP PECK, GE (reprint author), US EPA,WETLANDS & AQUAT RESOURCES REGULATORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 91 IS 10 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LZ699 UT WOS:A1993LZ69900008 ER PT J AU JUTRO, PR CARTER, TB AF JUTRO, PR CARTER, TB TI EPA RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ADMINISTERING ECOLOGICAL REGULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ( ECOLOGICAL ) ASSESSMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION, AT THE 204TH NATIONAL MEETING OF AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOC CY AUG 26-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) historically has focused largely on the protection of human health. In recent years, however, the Agency has devoted greater attention to the ecological component of environmental problems. This paper analyzes EPA's authority to evaluate and implement ecological protection, and examines how the Agency uses that authority. The article also addresses the concept of ecological risk, and the relationship between environmental quality and sustainable economic development. C1 SCI & POLICY ASSOCIATES INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP JUTRO, PR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)80003-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME951 UT WOS:A1993ME95100003 ER PT J AU KEENE, ML AF KEENE, ML TI CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTALISM - EMERGING RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PUBLIC DISCLOSURE IN THE EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ( ECOLOGICAL ) ASSESSMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION, AT THE 204TH NATIONAL MEETING OF AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOC CY AUG 26-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC AB In both the European Community (EC) and the United States, public disclosure of environmental information is emerging as one of the most significant developments shaping corporate environmentalism. The United States is widely recognized as having the most far-reaching policies regarding public access and communication of environmental information. The EC is currently moving towards developing strident policies to increase the public's rights of access to environmental information. This paper examines the development of public access to environmental information in the EC in relation to the United States, and addresses the implications of these developments for corporations operating in the EC. RP KEENE, ML (reprint author), US EPA,OFF INT ACT,401 M ST SW,A-106,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)80005-Z PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME951 UT WOS:A1993ME95100005 ER PT J AU GENTILE, JH HARWELL, MA VANDERSCHALIE, WH NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ AF GENTILE, JH HARWELL, MA VANDERSCHALIE, WH NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ TI ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT - A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ( ECOLOGICAL ) ASSESSMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION, AT THE 204TH NATIONAL MEETING OF AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOC CY AUG 26-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC AB Ecological risk assessment is becoming an increasingly important tool for ranking, assessing, reducing, and managing environmental risks. To provide Agency-wide guidance in this area in the U.S., EPA's Risk Assessment Forum has begun a multi-year guidelines development program. The first step in this program was the publication of the report ''Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment'' which describes the principles, concepts, terminology, and structure of ecological risk assessments. C1 US EPA,RISK ASSESSMENT FORUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)80009-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME951 UT WOS:A1993ME95100009 ER PT J AU DUNCAN, PB AF DUNCAN, PB TI USING TOXICITY DATA TO EVALUATE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AT SUPERFUND SITES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ( ECOLOGICAL ) ASSESSMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION, AT THE 204TH NATIONAL MEETING OF AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOC CY AUG 26-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC ID INFAUNAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SEDIMENT QUALITY TRIAD; CONTAMINATION AB Toxicity data (used here to mean toxicity tests or bioassays) have been employed in two ways at Superfund sites. In a retrospective manner, bioassays have served as direct measurement endpoints (e.g., bioassays of contaminated sediment) and, in a predictive manner, bioassay data from the literature have been used to interpret other measurement endpoints such as contaminant concentrations. Ecological assessments for several Super-fund sites provide examples of how these two approaches have been used to understand the ecological effects of soil, surface water, and sediment contamination. It appears toxicity data can be particularly useful in several ways, from screening lists of contaminant concentrations for potential toxicity to evaluating the geographical extent of demonstrably toxic contamination. RP DUNCAN, PB (reprint author), US EPA,REG 10,1200 6TH AVE,ES-098,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)80010-D PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME951 UT WOS:A1993ME95100010 ER PT J AU MAURIELLO, DA AF MAURIELLO, DA TI STRESS TO INDICATOR SPECIES AS ASSESSMENT END-POINTS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ( ECOLOGICAL ) ASSESSMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION, AT THE 204TH NATIONAL MEETING OF AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOC CY AUG 26-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AB The use of indicator species as assessment endpoints for ecological risk assessment provides a basis for a scientifically valid extrapolation from measurements to those impacts which are of primary importance to environmental decision makers and managers. Assessment endpoints should be chosen on the basis of ecological significance, economic importance, or regulatory significance. Indicator species, to be useful as assessment endpoints, must perform an ecologically significant function as well as being sensitive to chemical induced stresses to the ecosystem. In this paper, we will examine how indicator species can be utilized as assessment endpoints within an integrated logical framework for ecological risk assessment. RP MAURIELLO, DA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,TS-796,401 M ST,SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)80011-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME951 UT WOS:A1993ME95100011 ER PT J AU WANG, PF MCCUTCHEON, SC AF WANG, PF MCCUTCHEON, SC TI NOTE ON ESTUARY-RIVER MODELS USING BOUNDARY-FITTED COORDINATES SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Equations in a two-dimensional, laterally averaged estuary-river model previously developed using boundary-fitted (curvilinear) coordinates were compared to those in traditional one-dimensional river models. Unlike the latter ones, the equations expressed in the curvilinear coordinates account for the effect of curvilinear geometries of a meandering river and describe stratifications in the water column and density-flow intrusions in estuaries. Equations for traditional one-dimensional river models are, in fact, special cases of the equations employed in the present model. C1 US EPA,ENVIR ENGN ENVIR RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP WANG, PF (reprint author), ASCI CORP,987 GAINES SCH RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 10 BP 1170 EP 1175 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:10(1170) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LY590 UT WOS:A1993LY59000006 ER PT J AU FOURNIE, JW OVERSTREET, RM AF FOURNIE, JW OVERSTREET, RM TI HOST-SPECIFICITY OF CALYPTOSPORA-FUNDULI (APICOMPLEXA, CALYPTOSPORIDAE) IN ATHERINIFORM FISHES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCCIDIUM; COMMUNITY; KIDNEY AB Calyptospora funduli has a broad host specificity, infecting at least 7 natural and 10 additional experimental definitive hosts, all atheriniform fishes within 5 families, but most in the genus Fundulus. Barriers, apparently innate ones, prevent any development of C funduli in perciform fishes but allow incomplete or abnormal development of the parasite in a few unnatural atheriniform hosts. In the freshwater species Fundulus olivaceus and Fundulus notti, these abnormalities consisted of asynchronous development, degeneration of the parasite in early stages of development, and the formation of numerous macrophage aggregates. Rivulus marmoratus has the ability to eliminate infections with a granulomatous inflammatory response. Additional barriers that limit natural infections of C. funduli in other hosts include feeding behavior, environmental conditions. and geographic isolation. RP FOURNIE, JW (reprint author), US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 79 IS 5 BP 720 EP 727 DI 10.2307/3283611 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ME832 UT WOS:A1993ME83200016 PM 8410544 ER PT J AU DEMPSEY, CR AF DEMPSEY, CR TI A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM HAZARDOUS-WASTE INCINERATORS VERSUS THE 1990 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY AIR RELEASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Incineration is often the preferred technology tor disposing of hazardous waste and remediating Superfund sites. The effective implementation of this technology is frequently impeded by strong public opposition to hazardous waste incineration (HWI). One of the reasons cited for this opposition is the perception that the emission of organics pose an unreasonable threat to human health. While numerous risk assessments for these facilities have demonstrated that the risks from the inhalation of HWI emissions are very low, this has not totally allayed some of the concerns. In order to put organic emissions in perspective, the mass of these emissions from the incineration of hazardous waste on a national scale has been estimated using ''reasonable worst-case'' assumptions and compared to the 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) air releases. Comparisons were made for 15 carcinogenic organic compounds and 17 non-carcinogenic organic compounds. Ratios for all but one of these compound-specific HWI emissions to their corresponding TRI air releases ranged from 0.0003 to 0.678 percent. The total mass emissions (1 10.5 tons) of all 32 specific organics from HWIs was less than 0.03 percent of the corresponding 1990 TRI air releases (431,586 tons). RP DEMPSEY, CR (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WASTE MINIMIZAT DESTRUCT & DISPOSAL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1374 EP 1379 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MB776 UT WOS:A1993MB77600006 ER PT J AU KREITON, KL EVANS, J SCHMONSTASIK, R PATEL, D AF KREITON, KL EVANS, J SCHMONSTASIK, R PATEL, D TI RESULTS OF A METHOD VERIFICATION STUDY FOR ANALYSES OF PCP IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB As a prelude to a field demonstration of the fungal treatment technology by the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, a field treatability study was performed to select optimal fungal species and loading rates using the site-specific contaminated soil matrix. Contaminants of concern at the former wood preserving facility included PCP and PAHs. During the field treatability study, differences in the extraction methods of the two laboratories performing analyses of the soil contaminants were noted, and were postulated as an explanation for differences in the laboratories' analytical results. Due to high quality standards, method verification studies for SITE Program demonstration projects are sometimes conducted. The technology developer, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service's Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), utilized n-hexane:acetone (1:1) as the extraction solvent; the SITE Program subcontracted laboratory used methylene chloride via USEPA SW-846 Method 3550. Other differences were also noted. A comparison of the two extraction solvents on a quantity of soil contaminated at high and low concentrations obtained from the site was undertaken in order to minimize data quality concerns during the planned, large-scale, demonstration project. Precision, accuracy, and reproducibility were the primary evaluation criteria. Limits of acceptability were matrix (PCP) spike recovery >17 percent and relative percent difference between duplicate spike pairs <47 percent as per the U.S. EPA Contract Laboratory Program. While both methods met acceptability standards, and differences in values generated by the two methods were less than the 47 percent comparative standard, variability as measured by relative standard deviation (RSD) generally was lower with the SW-846 method (RSD of 3.8 versus 13 percent; 9.5 versus 34 percent; 8.5 versus 14 percent; and 23 versus 19 percent for comparable sets of SW-846 and FPL method results, respectively). Surrogate recovery was generally higher with the SW-846 method. The FPL method was comparable, but not superior, to SW-846 Method 3550 using methylene chloride so the SW-846 method, therefore, was chosen for analyses during the field demonstration project. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601. RP KREITON, KL (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1408 EP 1411 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MB776 UT WOS:A1993MB77600012 ER PT J AU BAUDGRASSET, S BAUDGRASSET, F BIFULCO, JM MEIER, JR MA, TH AF BAUDGRASSET, S BAUDGRASSET, F BIFULCO, JM MEIER, JR MA, TH TI REDUCTION OF GENOTOXICITY OF A CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL AFTER FUNGAL TREATMENT DETERMINED BY THE TRADESCANTIA-MICRONUCLEUS TEST SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAH; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; TRADESCANTIA; MICRONUCLEUS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WHITE ROT FUNGUS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; DEGRADATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; OXIDATION; DEPLETION AB The fungal degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a contaminated soil from a hazardous waste site was evaluated in a pilot-scale study. As some PAH are known to be mutagens, the Tradescantia-micronucleus test (TRAD-MCN) was selected to evaluate the genotoxicity of the soil before and after fungal treatment. The genotoxicity test was conducted with Tradescantia clone 4430. Cuttings were exposed for 30 h to different dilutions of soil extracts from the PAH-contaminated soil before and after fungal treatment. Soil extracts before fungal treatment exhibited a relatively strong genotoxic effect in the meiotic pollen mother cells even at a 1% concentration, and the highest concentration without significant effect was 0.25%. After fungal treatment, the depletion of selected PAH was associated with a reduction of the soil genotoxicity. The 2% concentration of the extract from the fungal-treated soil showed genotoxic effects comparable to the 1% soil extract without fungal treatment. These results indicate that the Trad-MCN test has a potential utility for evaluating the efficiency of bioremediation of genotoxic soil contaminants. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,MS-642,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. INT TECHNOL CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH. WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MACOMB,IL 61455. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1993 VL 303 IS 2 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90098-G PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA MB401 UT WOS:A1993MB40100006 PM 7692281 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL STACK, HF QUEST, JA WHITING, RJ WATERS, MD AF DEARFIELD, KL STACK, HF QUEST, JA WHITING, RJ WATERS, MD TI A SURVEY OF EPA/OPP AND OPEN LITERATURE DATA ON SELECTED PESTICIDE CHEMICALS TESTED FOR MUTAGENICITY .1. INTRODUCTION AND 1ST 10 CHEMICALS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE OPP PESTICIDE CHEMICAL MUTAGENICITY DATABASE; GENETIC ACTIVITY PROFILES; PESTICIDE CHEMICALS ID CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; GENETIC-ACTIVITY PROFILES; SALMONELLA-MICROSOME TEST; OVARY CELLS; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; MUTAGENESIS ASSAY; SOS CHROMOTEST; 300 CHEMICALS; INDUCTION AB Parties interested in registering a pesticide chemical with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) must submit toxicity information to support the registration. Mutagenicity data are a part of the required information that must be submitted. This information is available to the public via Freedom of Information requests to the OPP. However, it is felt that this information would be more effectively and widely disseminated if presented in a published medium. Beginning with this publication, sets of mutagenicity data on pesticide chemicals will be periodically published in the Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) format. In addition, mutagenicity data extracted from the currently available open literature is also presented to provide a more complete database and to allow comparisons between the OPP-submitted data and other publicly available information. C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, DIV HLTH EFFECTS, OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 90 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES JI Mutat. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 297 IS 3 BP 197 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(93)90018-I PG 37 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA MA820 UT WOS:A1993MA82000002 PM 7692272 ER PT J AU VIJAYALAXMI STRAUSS, GHS TICE, RR AF VIJAYALAXMI STRAUSS, GHS TICE, RR TI AN ANALYSIS OF GAMMA-RAY-INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE IN HUMAN BLOOD LEUKOCYTES, LYMPHOCYTES AND GRANULOCYTES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SINGLE-CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GAMMA-RADIATION; DNA DAMAGE; HUMAN BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; GRANULOCYTES ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; STRAND BREAKS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; RADIATION; REPAIR; PROLIFERATION; QUANTITATION; GRADIENTS; CULTURES AB Lymphocytes and granulocytes were separated from human peripheral blood and irradiated with low doses of gamma-rays (0.05-0.5 Gy) from a Cs-137 source. The magnitude and intercellular distribution of DNA damage, i.e., single-strand breaks and alkali-labile lesions, were compared with those obtained in unfractionated leukocytes irradiated in whole blood, using the alkaline single-cell gel-electrophoresis technique. Based on the extent of DNA migration, irradiation resulted in a linear and dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in all 3 cell populations, with a significant increase being detected at 0.05 Gy. The dose-dependent increase for DNA migration was not significantly different between separated lymphocytes and granulocytes, but their responses were significantly elevated over that obtained for leukocytes irradiated in whole blood. Based on an analysis of the ratio of the range to the standard deviation for each cell population at each dose of radiation, the distribution of damage among cells was relatively homogeneous and independent of dose and cell population. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that irradiation of leukocytes in whole blood partially protects against radical-induced DNA damage. C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST,POB 13501,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT PROGRAM,DURHAM,NC 27710. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [NIEHS 1R43-ES05884-01] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1993 VL 292 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(93)90139-Q PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LY932 UT WOS:A1993LY93200004 PM 7692248 ER PT J AU CHO, MH SHEARS, SB BOSS, WF AF CHO, MH SHEARS, SB BOSS, WF TI CHANGES IN PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL METABOLISM IN RESPONSE TO HYPEROSMOTIC STRESS IN DAUCUS-CAROTA L CELLS GROWN IN SUSPENSION-CULTURE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; PLASMA-MEMBRANE ATPASE; INOSITOL-CONTAINING LIPIDS; PROTEIN KINASE-C; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE KINASES; DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE; DUNALIELLA-SALINA; HUMAN-PLATELET; HIGHER-PLANTS; OKADAIC ACID AB Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells plasmolyzed within 30 s after adding sorbitol to increase the osmotic strength of the medium from 0.2 to 0.4 or 0.6 osmolal. However, there was no significant change in the polyphosphorylated inositol phospholipids or inositol phosphates or in inositol phospholipid metabolism within 30 s of imposing the hyperosmotic stress. Maximum changes in phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PIP) metabolism were detected at 5 min, at which time the cells appeared adjust to the change in osmoticum. There was a 30% decrease in [H-3]inositol-labeled PIP. The specific activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the inositol phospholipids also changed. The plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol ( PI) kinase decreased 50% and PIP-phospholipase C (PIP-PLC) increased 60% compared with the control values after 5 min of hyperosmotic stress. The PIP-PLC activity recovered to control levels by 10 min; however, the PI kinase activity remained below the control value, suggesting that the cells had reached a new steady state with regard to PIP biosynthesis. If cells were pretreated with okadaic acid, the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor, the differences in enzyme activity resulting from the hyperosmotic stress were no longer evident, suggesting that an okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase was activated in response to hyperosmotic stress. Our work suggests that, in this system, PIP is not involved in the initial response to hyperosmotic stress but may be involved in the recovery phase. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CELLULAR & MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 73 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 103 IS 2 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1104/pp.103.2.637 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MB642 UT WOS:A1993MB64200042 PM 8029337 ER PT J AU RAO, VR LEVY, K LUSTIK, M AF RAO, VR LEVY, K LUSTIK, M TI LOGISTIC-REGRESSION OF INHALATION TOXICITIES OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE - APPLICATION IN NONCANCER RISK ASSESSMENT SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE C1 US EPA,OFF AIR & RADIAT,OFF POLICY ANAL & REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP RAO, VR (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,DIV QUANTITAT ANAL,7600-A,LEESBURG PIKE,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22043, USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1056 PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MC736 UT WOS:A1993MC73600008 PM 8278644 ER PT J AU HAAS, CN ROSE, JB GERBA, C REGLI, S AF HAAS, CN ROSE, JB GERBA, C REGLI, S TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF VIRUS IN DRINKING-WATER SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE VIRUS; WATER SUPPLY; INFECTIOUS DISEASE ID DISEASE AB The reevaluation of drinking water treatment practices in a desire to minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts while assuring minimum levels of public health protection against infectious organisms has caused it to become necessary to consider the problem of estimation of risks posed from exposure to low levels of microorganisms, such as virus or protozoans, found in treated drinking water. This paper outlines a methodology based on risk assessment principles to approach the problem. The methodology is validated by comparison with results obtained in a prospective epidemiological study. It is feasible to produce both point and interval estimates of infection, illness and perhaps mortality by this methodology. Areas of uncertainty which require future data are indicated. C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. DREXEL UNIV,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV S FLORIDA,SCH PUBL HLTH,TAMPA,FL 33620. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP HAAS, CN (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 24 TC 160 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 22 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 5 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA MH191 UT WOS:A1993MH19100012 PM 8259444 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, D AF SAROKIN, D TI THE PERILS OF EXPERTOCRACY SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP SAROKIN, D (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 96 IS 7 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LX060 UT WOS:A1993LX06000025 ER PT J AU FISHER, HL SUMLER, MR SHRIVASTAVA, SP EDWARDS, B OGLESBY, LA EBRONMCCOY, MT COPELAND, F KAVLOCK, RJ HALL, LL AF FISHER, HL SUMLER, MR SHRIVASTAVA, SP EDWARDS, B OGLESBY, LA EBRONMCCOY, MT COPELAND, F KAVLOCK, RJ HALL, LL TI TOXICOKINETICS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS OF 9 PARASUBSTITUTED PHENOLS IN RAT EMBRYOS IN-VITRO SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; INVIVO; CULTURE AB The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicokinetics of embryo uptake following exposure to a variety of chemically related phenols in rat embryo culture. The uptake of nine radiolabeled para-substituted phenols by day 10 (9-13 somite stage) rat embryos in vitro was determined from 1 to 42 hrs after being placed in culture media containing various phenols. Uptake was rapid, having a half-life of 3 hr or less, with 7 of the nine compounds having uptake half-times of less than one hour. The equilibrium concentration in the embryo ranged from 53 to 136% of the media concentration, indicating only a factor of 2 in maximum discrimination against the compound for any of the phenols studied. The fraction of radioactivity remaining unbound in the media decreased with increasing log P (octanol/water partition coefficient). The binding was calculated to be 50% for log P = 1.77 from the fitted regression equation and decreased by a factor of 5.9 for every decade increase in P. When hepatocytes were also present in the media the equilibrium concentration in the embryos was less than when hepatocytes were absent. With the limited data, four of the phenols appeared to have no (i.e., zero) equilibrium level when hepatocytes were present. Thus the metabolites produced by the hepatocytes appeared to have less affinity for the embryo than the parent phenol. Toxicodynamic information as given by the effective concentration of the phenol in the embryo to cause somite or tail teratological effects was best predicted by the measured unbound fraction. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP FISHER, HL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480402 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MA117 UT WOS:A1993MA11700001 PM 8278928 ER PT J AU ELSTEIN, KH ZUCKER, RM ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M SHUEY, DL ROGERS, JM AF ELSTEIN, KH ZUCKER, RM ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M SHUEY, DL ROGERS, JM TI EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND TISSUE-TYPE ON EMBRYO FETAL DNA DISTRIBUTIONS AND 5-FLUOROURACIL-INDUCED CELL-CYCLE PERTURBATIONS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TERATOGENESIS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RAT EMBRYOS AB Cell-cycle analysis of nuclei obtained from the circulating erythroblasts (gestational day [GD] 11-16), livers (GD 14-19), and whole embryos (GD 10-13) or remaining (extrahepatic) tissues (GD 14-16) of rat embryos/fetuses revealed age- and tissue-dependent variations in the relative percentages of cells in the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. With development, the rate of cell proliferation declined resulting in decreases in the relative percentage of S-phase cells and increases in the G0/G1 percentage, while the percentage of G2/M-phase cells remained relatively constant. Comparing tissue cell-cycle profiles during development, erythroblasts exhibited the most rapid age-dependent decline in S-phase percentage (from 75% at GD 11 to 8% by GD 14), embryos/extrahepatic tissues exhibited a more gradual reduction (from 55% at GD 10 to 14% by GD 15), while the hepatic isolates exhibited a relatively constant S-phase percentage of approximately 40% from GD 14 to GD 18 before decreasing to 23% at GD 19. These age-dependent variations suggest that cell-cycle distribution may be useful in staging embryogenesis and in detecting abnormal development. To determine how these developmental and organ-specific cell-cycle variations affect toxic response, we sampled GD 11-13 embryos 6 hr after maternal administration of a teratogenic dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a thymidylate synthetase inhibitor that induces S-phase accumulation. The results indicate that, on a relative basis, the amount of induced S-phase accumulation in erythroblasts and whole embryos 6 hr postdosing increased with development. In contrast, a time course of hepatic cell-cycle distributions from GD 14 embryos after maternal dosing revealed that S-phase accumulations occurred at an earlier time, possibly as a consequence of a higher proliferative rate. These findings suggest that the extent of observed toxicant-induced cell-cycle perturbations depends on gestational age, tissue type, and the time of sampling. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480409 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MA117 UT WOS:A1993MA11700008 PM 8278935 ER PT J AU WARD, TR FERRIS, DJ TILSON, HA MUNDY, WR AF WARD, TR FERRIS, DJ TILSON, HA MUNDY, WR TI CORRELATION OF THE ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES WITH THEIR ABILITY TO COMPETE WITH AGONIST BINDING TO MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-AFFINITY; RAT-BRAIN; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; HEART; AUTORECEPTORS; ANTAGONISTS; INHIBITION; MODULATION; STRIATUM; PARAOXON C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP WARD, TR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 122 IS 2 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1199 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MB632 UT WOS:A1993MB63200016 PM 8212012 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, RN APPS, M BROWN, S COLE, CV DOWNING, J HEATH, LS OJIMA, DS SMITH, TM SOLOMON, AM WISNIEWSKI, J AF SAMPSON, RN APPS, M BROWN, S COLE, CV DOWNING, J HEATH, LS OJIMA, DS SMITH, TM SOLOMON, AM WISNIEWSKI, J TI WORKSHOP SUMMARY STATEMENT - TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES - QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US AB Understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon (C) cycle has become increasingly important as policymakers consider options to address the issues associated with global change, particularly climate change. Sound scientific theories are critical in predicting how these systems may respond in the future, both to climate change and human actions. In March 1993, 60 scientists from 13 nations gathered in Bad Harzburg, Germany, to develop a state-of-the-science assessment of the present and likely future C fluxes associated with the major components of the earth's terrestrial biosphere. In the process, particular emphasis was placed on the potential for improving C sinks and managing long-term C sequestration. The majority of the week's work was conducted in eight working groups which independently considered a particular biome or subject area. The working groups considered: the Global Carbon Cycle; Boreal Forests and Tundra; Temperate Forests; Tropical Forests; Grasslands, Savannas and Deserts; Land and Water Interface Zones; Agroecosystems; and Biomass Management. This paper presents a brief overview of their major conclusions and findings. In addition, Table 1 brings together the best estimates from each group as to the current magnitude and estimated future direction of changes in the terrestrial C fluxes. C1 FORESTRY CANADA, CTR NO FORESTRY, EDMONTON T6H 355, AB, CANADA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT FORESTRY, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. MARINE SCI LAB, PACIFIC NW LAB, SEQUIM, WA 98362 USA. US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. WISNIEWSKI & ASSOCIATES INC, FALLS CHURCH, VA 22043 USA. RP SAMPSON, RN (reprint author), AMER FORESTS, 1516 P ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 8 TC 35 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF01104985 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600003 ER PT J AU SMITH, TM CRAMER, WP DIXON, RK LEEMANS, R NEILSON, RP SOLOMON, AM AF SMITH, TM CRAMER, WP DIXON, RK LEEMANS, R NEILSON, RP SOLOMON, AM TI THE GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ESTUARINE MARSH; CLIMATE CHANGE; SENSITIVITY; INCREASE; FORESTS; STORAGE; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS AB There is great uncertainty with regard to the future role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle. The uncertainty arises from both an inadequate understanding of current pools and fluxes as well as the potential effects of rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 on natural ecosystems. Despite these limitations, a number of studies have estimated current and future patterns of terrestrial carbon storage. Future estimates focus on the effects of a climate change associated with a doubled atmospheric concentration of CO2. Available models for examining the dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage and the potential role of forest management and landuse practices on carbon conservation and sequestration are discussed. C1 POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,O-1500 POTSDAM,GERMANY. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,BILTHOVEN 3720,NETHERLANDS. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SMITH, TM (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009; Cramer, Wolfgang/B-8221-2008 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301; Cramer, Wolfgang/0000-0002-9205-5812 NR 95 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF01104986 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600004 ER PT J AU COLE, CV FLACH, K LEE, J SAUERBECK, D STEWART, B AF COLE, CV FLACH, K LEE, J SAUERBECK, D STEWART, B TI AGRICULTURAL SOURCES AND SINKS OF CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US AB Most existing agricultural lands have been in production for sufficiently long periods that C inputs and outputs are nearly balanced and they are neither a major source nor sink of atmospheric C. As population increases, food requirements and the need for more crop land increase accordingly. An annual conversion of previously uncultivated lands up to 1.5 x 10(7) hectares may be expected. It is this new agricultural land which suffers the greatest losses of C during and subsequent to its conversion. The primary focus for analysis of future C fluxes in agroecosystems needs to be on current changes in land use and management as well as on direct effects of CO2 and climate change. A valid assessment of C pools and fluxes in agroecosystems requires a global soils data base and comprehensive information on land use and management practices. A comprehensive effort to assemble and analyze this information is urgently needed. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP COLE, CV (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1007/BF01104991 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600009 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, RN WRIGHT, LL WINJUM, JK KINSMAN, JD BENNEMAN, J KURSTEN, E SCURLOCK, JMO AF SAMPSON, RN WRIGHT, LL WINJUM, JK KINSMAN, JD BENNEMAN, J KURSTEN, E SCURLOCK, JMO TI BIOMASS MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID EMISSIONS; ETHANOL; FOREST; CARBON AB The impact of managing biomass specifically for the conservation or production of energy can become a significant factor in the global management of atmopsheric CO2 over the next century. This paper evaluates the global potential for: (1) conserving energy by using trees and wood for shading, shelterbelts, windbreaks, and construction material; and (2) increasing the use of biomass and improving its conversion efficiency for producing heat, electricity, and liquid biofuels. The potential reduction in CO2 emissions possible by the anticipated time of atmospheric CO2 doubling was estimated to be up to 50 x 10(6) t C yr-1 for energy conservation and as high as 4 x 10(9) t C yr-1 for energy production. Of the many opportunities, two stand out Through afforestation of degraded and deforested lands, biomass energy production offers the potential of 0.36 to 1.9 x 10(9) t C yr-1 emission reduction. Dedicated energy crops, which include short-rotation woody crops, herbaceous energy crops, halophytes, some annual crops, and oilseeds, offer the potential of 0.2 to 1.0 x 10(9) t C yr-1 emission reduction. Also addressed in the paper, but not quantified, were establishment of new forests, increasing the productivity of existing forests, or protecting forests to sequester C as an offset against CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels or forest destruction. Also addressed are uncertainties, gaps in scientific knowledge about ecosystems and their management, and policy considerations at the international and national levels. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. EDISON ELECT INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20004. PRIMA KLIMA,W-4000 DUSSELDORF 12,GERMANY. KINGS COLL LONDON,DIV BIOSPHERE SCI,LONDON W8 7AH,ENGLAND. RP SAMPSON, RN (reprint author), AMER FORESTS,1516 P ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF01104993 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600011 ER PT J AU WINJUM, JK DIXON, RK SCHROEDER, PE AF WINJUM, JK DIXON, RK SCHROEDER, PE TI FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CARBON STORAGE - AN ANALYSIS OF 12 KEY FOREST NATIONS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID BUDGET; CYCLE AB Forests of the world sequester and conserve more C than all other terrestrial ecosystems and account for 90% of the annual C flux between the atmosphere and the Earth's land surface. Preliminary estimates indicate that forest and agroforest management practices throughout the world can enhance the capability of forests to sequester C and reduce accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Yet of the 3600 x 10(6) ha of forests in the world today, only about 10% (350 x 10(6) ha) are actively managed. The impetus to expand lands managed for forestry or agroforestry purposes lies primarily with nations having forest resources. In late 1990, an assessment was initiated to evaluate the biological potential and initial site costs of managed forest and agroforest systems to sequester C. Within the assessment, 12 key forested nations were the focus of a special analysis: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, former USSR, and USA. These nations contain 59% of the world's natural forests and are representative of the world's boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes. Assessment results indicate that though the world's forests are contained in 138 nations, a subset of key nations, such as the 12 selected for this analysis, can significantly contribute to the global capability to sequester C through managed tree crops. Collectively, the 12 nations are estimated to have the potential to store 25.7 Pg C, once expanded levels of practices such as reforestation, afforestation, natural regeneration and agroforestry are implemented and maintained. Initial site costs based upon establishment costs for management practices are less than US$33/Mg C. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP WINJUM, JK (reprint author), US EPA,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 55 TC 40 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1007/BF01105000 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600018 ER PT J AU LEE, JJ PHILLIPS, DL AF LEE, JJ PHILLIPS, DL TI THE EFFECT OF TRENDS IN TILLAGE PRACTICES ON EROSION AND CARBON CONTENT OF SOILS IN THE UNITED-STATES CORN-BELT SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US AB The EPIC model was used to simulate soil erosion and soil C content at 100 randomly selected sites in the US com belt. Four management scenarios were run for 100 years: (1) current mix of tillage practices maintained; (2) current trend of conversion to mulch-till and no-till maintained; (3) trend to increased no-till; (4) trend to increased no-till with addition of winter wheat cover crop. As expected, the three alternative scenarios resulted in substantial decreases in soil erosion compared to the current mix of tillage practices. C content of the top 15 cm of soil increased for the alternative scenarios, while remaining approximately constant for the current tillage mix. However, total soil C to a depth of 1 m from the original surface decreased for all scenarios except for the no-till plus winter wheat cover crop scenario. Extrapolated to the entire US com belt, the model results suggest that, under the current mix of tillage practices, soils used for com and/or soybean production will lose 3.2 x 10(6) tons of C per year for the next 100 years. About 21% of this loss will be C transported off-site by soil erosion; an unknown fraction of this C will be released to the atmosphere. For the base trend and increased no-till trend, these soils are projected to lose 2.2 x 10(6) t-C yr-1 and 1.0 x 10(6) t-C yr-1, respectively. Under the increased no-till plus cover crop scenario, these soils become a small sink of 0.1 x 10(6) t-C yr-1. Thus, a shift from current tillage practices to widespread use of no-till plus winter cover could conserve and sequester a total of 3.3 x 10(6) t-C yr-1 in the soil for the next 100 years. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LEE, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 16 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 389 EP 401 DI 10.1007/BF01105010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600028 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK ANDRASKO, KJ SUSSMAN, FG LAVINSON, MA TREXLER, MC VINSON, TS AF DIXON, RK ANDRASKO, KJ SUSSMAN, FG LAVINSON, MA TREXLER, MC VINSON, TS TI FOREST SECTOR CARBON OFFSET PROJECTS - NEAR-TERM OPPORTUNITIES TO MITIGATE GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; MANAGEMENT; STORAGE AB The Framework Convention on Climate Change separately recognizes sources and sinks of greenhouse gases and provides incentives to establish C offset projects to help meet the goal of stabilizing emissions. Forest systems provide multiple opportunities to offset or stabilize greenhouse emissions through a reduction in deforestation (C sources), expansion of existing forests (CO2 sinks) or production of biofuels (offset fossil fuel combustion). Attributes and dimensions of eight forest-sector C offset projects, established over the past three years, were examined. The projects, mostly established or sponsored by US or European electric utilities, propose to conserve/sequester over 30 x 10(6) Mg C in forest systems at an initial cost of $1 to 30 Mg C. Given the relative novelty and complexity of forest sector C offset projects, a number of biogeochemical, institutional, socio-economic, monitoring, and regulatory issues merit analysis before the long-term potential and cost effectiveness of this greenhouse gas stabilization approach can be determined. C1 US EPA,DIV CLIMATE CHANGE,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ICF INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. TREXLER & ASSOCIATES,OAK GROVE,OR 97267. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 W 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 561 EP 577 DI 10.1007/BF01105022 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600040 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, AM PRENTICE, IC LEEMANS, R CRAMER, WP AF SOLOMON, AM PRENTICE, IC LEEMANS, R CRAMER, WP TI THE INTERACTION OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE IN FUTURE TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE AND RELEASE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL CARBON; VEGETATION; MODEL; FORESTS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; BUDGET AB The processes controlling total carbon (C) storage and release from the terrestrial biosphere are still poorly quantified. We conclude from analysis of paleodata and climate-biome model output that terrestrial C exchanges since the last glacial maximum (LGM) were dominated by slow processes of C sequestration in soils, possibly modified by C starvation and reduced water use efficiency of trees during the LGM. Human intrusion into the C cycle was immeasurably small. These processes produced an averaged C sink in the terrestrial biosphere on the order of 0.05 Pg yr-1 during the past 10,000 years. In contrast, future C cycling will be dominated by human activities, not only from increasing C release with burning of fossil fuels, and but also from indirect effects which increase C storage in the terrestrial biosphere (CO2 fertilization; management of C by technology and afforestation; synchronous early forest succession from widespread cropland abandonment) and decrease C storage in the biosphere (synchronous forest dieback from climatic stress; warming-induced oxidation of soil C; slowed forest succession; unfinished tree life cycles; delayed immigration of trees; increasing agricultural land use). Comparison of the positive and negative C flux processes involved suggests that if the C sequestration processes are important, they likely will be so during the next few decades, gradually being counteracted by the C release processes. Based only on tabulating known or predicted C flux effects of these processes, we could not determine if the earth will act as a significant C source from dominance by natural C cycle processes, or as a C sink made possible only by excellent earth stewardship in the next 50 to 100 yrs. Our subsequent analysis concentrated on recent estimates of C release from forest replacement by increased agriculture. Those results suggest that future agriculture may produce an additional 0.6 to 1.2 Pg yr-1 loss during the 50 to 100 years to CO2 doubling if the current ratio of farmed to potentially-farmed land is maintained; or a greater loss, up to a maximum of 1.4 to 2.8 Pg yr-1 if all potential agricultural land is farmed. C1 LUND UNIV,DEPT PLANT ECOL,S-22361 LUND,SWEDEN. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,O-1500 POTSDAM,GERMANY. RP SOLOMON, AM (reprint author), US EPA,200 S W 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009; Cramer, Wolfgang/B-8221-2008 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301; Cramer, Wolfgang/0000-0002-9205-5812 NR 73 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 595 EP 614 DI 10.1007/BF01105024 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600042 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S GOLD, A SANGAIAH, R SLAGA, TJ AF NESNOW, S GOLD, A SANGAIAH, R SLAGA, TJ TI MOUSE SKIN TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY OF BENZ[J]ACEANTHRYLENE IN SENCAR MICE SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BENZ[J]ACEANTHRYLENE; TUMOR INITIATION; SENCAR MICE; BENZO[A]PYRENE ID CYCLOPENTA-FUSED ISOMERS; CELLS; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; BENZANTHRACENE; METABOLITES; HYDROCARBON; BACTERIAL; RING AB Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), a cyclopenta-fused derivative of benz[a]anthracene, has been reported to be an active bacterial cell and mammalian cell gene mutagen, a morphological transforming agent in C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts and a mouse lung tumorigen in strain A/J mice. B[j]A was evaluated as a skin tumor initiator in female SENCAR mice and was found to induce papilloma formation in the. range of 40-400 mug/mouse. B[j]A was found to be extremely active, inducing 8.7 papillomas/mouse after an initiating dose of 40 mug/mouse. At this dose, 100% of the mice bore tumors. Comparison with four other cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that B[j]A is extremely potent. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV TEXAS,CTR SYST CANC,DIV SCI PK RES,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47964] NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 2-3 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90247-7 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ME033 UT WOS:A1993ME03300001 PM 8221632 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S JACKSON, L PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR AGARWAL, SC AF NESNOW, S JACKSON, L PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR AGARWAL, SC TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF THE METABOLISM OF 9,10-DIHYDROBENZO[A]PYRENE BY INDUCED RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 9,10-DIHYDROBENZO[A]PYRENE; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDATION ID POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGENATED DERIVATIVES AB The ability of reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to be converted to their fully aromatic forms by the microsomal cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidases may assist in the explanation of the mutagenic and tumorigenic activities of these agents. The metabolic conversion of 9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (9,10-DHB[a]P) to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 9- and/or 10-hydroxy-9,10-DHB[a]P (OH-9,10-DHB[a]P) was quantitatively measured. In beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver microsomes, 9,10-DHB[a]P was metabolized to B[a]P with a specific activity of 1.51 nmol B[a]P formed/min/mg microsomal protein. The formation of B[a]P was directly related to incubation time and microsomal protein concentration. Similarly, 9, 10-DHB[a]P was converted to OH-9, 10-DHB[a]P with a specific activity of 4.48 nmol OH-9, 10-DHB[a]P formed/min/mg microsomal protein. Its formation was directly related to incubation time and microsomal protein concentration. The possibility of OH-9,10-DHB[a]P as a metabolic intermediate to B[a]P is discussed. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90255-8 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ME033 UT WOS:A1993ME03300009 PM 8221625 ER PT J AU RAYMER, JH SPARACINO, CM VELEZ, GR PADILLA, S MACPHAIL, RC CROFTON, KM AF RAYMER, JH SPARACINO, CM VELEZ, GR PADILLA, S MACPHAIL, RC CROFTON, KM TI DETERMINATION OF ACRYLAMIDE IN RAT SERUM AND SCIATIC-NERVE BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCT FORMATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLYCIDAMIDE; WATER AB A modified method for the derivatization and determination of acrylamide as 2-bromopropenamide by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection was developed and applied to serum and sciatic nerve from rats. The method was accurate and precise over the calibration range 2.24-7.47 mug/ml in serum diluted 1:125 and 4-122 mug/g in sciatic nerve homogenate (5 mg/ml). Limits of detection were estimated to be 1200 ng/ml in undiluted serum and 3 mug/g in intact sciatic nerve. The use of less dilute samples to allow for lower limits of detection appears feasible. The time-course of acrylamide in serum and sciatic nerve was studied after acute dosing and indicated elimination half-lives of 1.8 and 2.0 h for serum and sciatic nerve, respectively. A dose-effect relationship was established for each matrix after acute dosing and the measured acrylamide concentrations in serum (mug/ml) were approximately the same as in sciatic nerve (mug/g). C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP RAYMER, JH (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,3040 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD SEP 22 PY 1993 VL 619 IS 2 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80111-G PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MA779 UT WOS:A1993MA77900005 PM 8263094 ER PT J AU BROWNER, CM AF BROWNER, CM TI PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT - EPAS ROLE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP BROWNER, CM (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5127 BP 1373 EP 1373 DI 10.1126/science.261.5127.1373 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LW549 UT WOS:A1993LW54900002 PM 17745334 ER PT J AU PARDO, L OSMAN, R WEINSTEIN, H RABINOWITZ, JR AF PARDO, L OSMAN, R WEINSTEIN, H RABINOWITZ, JR TI MECHANISMS OF NUCLEOPHILIC-ADDITION TO ACTIVATED DOUBLE-BONDS - 1,2-MICHAEL AND 1,4-MICHAEL ADDITION OF AMMONIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; BENZYLIDENE MELDRUMS ACID; S-CIS-ACROLEIN; CARBON PROTONATION; MICHAEL ADDITION; METHYL ACRYLATE; HYDROXIDE ION; AMINE ADDUCTS; OLEFINS; GENOTOXICITY AB The molecular mechanisms for nucleophilic addition of an ammonia molecule to three small molecules with activated double bonds-acrolein (ACR), acrylonitrile (ACN), and acrylic acid (AA)-have been examined with ab initio quantum chemical methods in reactions modeling their interactions with biological targets. The calculations include the nucleophilic addition reaction of either an ammonia molecule or an NH3 hydrogen bonded to a discrete water molecule (NH3.OH2) to ACR, ACN, and AA. Optimizations of the geometries of reactants and transition structures for the 1,2- and 1,4-addition mechanisms were done at the restricted Hartree-Fock level with 6-31G basis sets, and electron correlation energy was calculated at the MP2 level with 6-31G* basis sets. Reaction energies were corrected for zero-point energies calculated from the harmonic vibrational frequencies of the 6-31G optimized structures. Hydration enthalpies were evaluated with the solvent described as a polarizable dielectric continuum. The barriers calculated for the addition reactions were found to be significantly reduced by the assistance of a solvent molecule in the intramolecular proton-transfer process. The order of reactivities, based on energies of activation of the 1,4-addition to ACR, either 1,2- or 1,4-addition to AA, and 1,2-addition to ACN, is as follows: ACR > AA > ACN, in very good agreement with experimental results. The results provide inferences regarding the relative capabilities of the molecules in this class to interact with DNA and reflect on their relative potencies in reactions determining the biological effects of these environmentally important chemical species. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC MED,DEPT BIOSTAT,COMPUTAT MED LAB,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. OI Pardo, Leonardo/0000-0003-1778-7420 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 18 BP 8263 EP 8269 DI 10.1021/ja00071a039 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LX752 UT WOS:A1993LX75200039 ER PT J AU BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM AF BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM TI ELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR OF AROMATIC-CONTAINING ORGANIC-ACIDS AND THE DETERMINATION OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS IN WATER AND SOIL BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; ATOM-BOMBARDMENT INTERFACE; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; PARTICLE BEAM; POSITIONAL ISOMERS; POLAR ADDITIVES AB The behavior of 56 aromatic-containing organic acids (ACOAs) was obtained under free zone electrophoresis and under micellar electrokinetic chromatography using cholic acid as the micellar agent. The compound classes encompass phenoxy acid herbicides, phenylalkanoic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic sulfonic acids, azo and other dyes, and ACOAs containing nitrogen. Seven compounds were studied with respect to extraction and cleanup from spiked water and soil at levels of 1.0 and 0.1 mug/g and 100 and 20 mug/g, respectively. A general scheme of isolation and cleanup was developed that used extraction disks and solid-phase extraction cartridges. Average recoveries for three determinations ranged from 26.5 to 98.2% with relative standard deviations ranging from 6.7 to 55%. RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 646 IS 2 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83351-R PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LX032 UT WOS:A1993LX03200015 ER PT J AU SHUYLER, LR AF SHUYLER, LR TI NONPOINT-SOURCE PROGRAMS AND PROGRESS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT CY NOV 11-14, 1991 CL COLUMBUS, OH AB Early research studies resulted in the first Chesapeake Bay Agreement, signed in 1983 by the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These early studies confirmed that a significant source of nutrients delivered to the bay are from non-point sources (NPS). Early bay program strategies at both the State and Federal level increased point source controls and created a new level of non-point source programming and funding for NPS programs which are detailed in the paper. In 1987 a second Chesapeake Bay Agreement was signed by the agreement States, DC and the EPA. This agreement established several goals for the restoration of the bay, including a nutrient reduction goal of a 40% reduction of the controllable nitrogen and phosphorus entering the mainstem of the Chesapeake Bay. The re-evaluation of the nutrient reduction strategy and the modeling to support it are discussed along with the NPS abatement and control progress made through 1990. Also presented are challenges for the NPS programs to address the findings that are coming from the re-evaluation process along with recommendations for change that were contained in a 1990 report on the effectiveness of the NPS programs in the bay. RP SHUYLER, LR (reprint author), US EPA,CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM OFF,140 SEVERN AVE,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21403, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90025-K PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LZ679 UT WOS:A1993LZ67900017 ER PT J AU WU, JY VANHOVE, JLK HUANG, YS ZHANG, W CHEN, YT AF WU, JY VANHOVE, JLK HUANG, YS ZHANG, W CHEN, YT TI EXPRESSION OF CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE HUMAN MULTIFUNCTIONAL GLYCOGEN-DEBRANCHING ENZYME AND LYSOSOMAL ACID ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE IN INSECT CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 SU S BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LW335 UT WOS:A1993LW33500961 ER PT J AU CARSON, JL COLLIER, AM HU, SCS DEVLIN, RB AF CARSON, JL COLLIER, AM HU, SCS DEVLIN, RB TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN-DIOXIDE ON HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EXPOSURE; BRONCHIOLES; CILIA AB The nasal epithelium of young adult white men in good health was evaluated by electron microscopy in a condition blind fashion relative to exposures of 2 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or clean air for 4 h. The exposure protocol involved two separate exposures of the same individuals to NO2 or clean air approximately 3 wk apart. We found qualitative and quantitative evidence that luminal border membranes of ciliated cells were ultrastructurally altered in six of seven samples of nasal epithelium obtained following NO2 exposures, although subsequent morphometric statistical analyses were not significant. This alteration was characterized by cilia containing excess matrix in which individual or, more commonly, multiple ciliary axonemes were embedded, and by vesiculations of luminal border ciliary membranes, a pattern less common in clean air-exposed control specimens. Although these patterns were not widespread, their morphology was consistent with findings of previous animal studies involving acute and chronic exposure to NO2. Our findings suggest that adverse effects on mucociliary function in normal humans due to acute exposure to low levels of NO2 are most likely minimal. However, in view of other reports of NO2 exposure in laboratory animals documenting ciliary injury, our observations support a view that similar patterns might appear more prominently with higher NO2 levels and/or more extended exposure intervals. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CARSON, JL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,CB 7220,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL19171, HL34322] NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA LW357 UT WOS:A1993LW35700005 PM 8398163 ER PT J AU NORWOOD, CB JACKIM, E CHEER, S AF NORWOOD, CB JACKIM, E CHEER, S TI DNA ADDUCT RESEARCH WITH CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE STACKING; INJECTION RP NORWOOD, CB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 5 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 213 IS 2 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1006/abio.1993.1408 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LV309 UT WOS:A1993LV30900002 PM 8238890 ER PT J AU SELIFONOVA, O BURLAGE, R BARKAY, T AF SELIFONOVA, O BURLAGE, R BARKAY, T TI BIOLUMINESCENT SENSORS FOR DETECTION OF BIOAVAILABLE HG(II) IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY RESISTANCE OPERON; TN21 MER OPERON; CLONED FRAGMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; BACTERIA; BINDING; METHYLMERCURY AB Biosensors for the detection of pollutants in the environment can complement analytical methods by distinguishing bioavailable from inert, unavailable forms of contaminants. By using fusions of the well-understood Tn21 mercury resistance operon (mer) with promoterless luxCDABE from Vibrio fischeri, we have constructed and tested three biosensors for Hg(II). Bioluminescence specified by pRB28, carrying merRo/pT', by pOS14, mediating active transport of Hg(II), and by pOS15, containing an intact mer operon, was measured in rich and minimal media. The highest sensitivities were achieved in minimal medium and were 1, 0.5, and 25 nM Hg(II) for pRB28, pOS14, and pOS15, respectively. The utility of the biosensors in natural waters was demonstrated with freshwater, rain, and estuarine samples supplemented with Hg(II). mer-lux carried by pRB28 and pOS14 responded to Hg(II) in mercury-contaminated water samples collected from a freshwater pond. Semiquantitative analyses based on light emission in samples collected from the inlet (analytically determined total mercury, approximately 20 nM) and outlet (total mercury, approximately 7 nM) of the pond showed bioavailable mercury at approximately 20 and 1 to 2 nM, respectively. Thus, the biosensors described here semiquantitatively detect bioavailable inorganic mercury (at a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range) in contaminated waters. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 46 TC 234 Z9 242 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 59 IS 9 BP 3083 EP 3090 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LW040 UT WOS:A1993LW04000048 PM 8215378 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC GARDNER, GR HICKEY, J BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T AF FOLMAR, LC GARDNER, GR HICKEY, J BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T TI SERUM CHEMISTRY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS OF BROWN BULLHEADS (AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS) FROM THE BUFFALO AND NIAGARA RIVERS, NEW-YORK SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGLISH SOLE; PUGET-SOUND; LIVER; FISH; FREQUENCIES; CARCINOGENS; WASHINGTON; EXPOSURE; TUMORS AB Cholangiomas and cholangiocarcinomas were observed in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from the Buffalo and Niagara Rivers (NY) and Old Woman Creek (OH), USA. Significant increases in serum blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, inorganic phosphate, ALT, LDL, calcium, and iron and a significant decrease in cholesterol were found in the fish from the Buffalo and Niagara Rivers compared to the Old Woman Creek reference area. When relationships between the pathology and serum chemistry measurements were tested by correlation and discriminant function analysis, no predictive relationships were apparent. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORTLAND,NY 13045. UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 298 EP 303 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LT328 UT WOS:A1993LT32800002 ER PT J AU HARRIS, HJ ERDMAN, TC ANKLEY, GT LODGE, KB AF HARRIS, HJ ERDMAN, TC ANKLEY, GT LODGE, KB TI MEASURES OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES IN EGGS AND CHICKS OF FORSTER TERNS ON GREEN BAY, LAKE-MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN - 1988 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER FOX RIVER AB Data on reproductive success of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan in 1983 are compared with data collected in 1988. In 1988 measures of reproductive performance (hatching success, number of young fledged, and length of incubation) were improved. Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and planar PCB congeners in the eggs were compared between years. Median total PCB residue was 67% lower in 1988 (XBAR = 7.3 mug/g). This corresponds to a 42% reduction in tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) from 1983 to 1988. We suggest that contaminant reduction and improved reproductive performance were due to low river flows in 1988 and associated reduced PBC loading into Green Bay. Forty-two percent of the matured chicks died before fledgling, and their body weight growth curves were much lower than normal. Young accumulate total PCBs at a rate of 17.6 mug/day. A no-observable-adverse-effects level (NOAEL) of 40-84 mug/kg/day was estimated from the two year results using the least observable adverse effects level (LOAEL)/NOAEL rating values. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP HARRIS, HJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,ES105,2420 NICOLET DR,GREEN BAY,WI 54311, USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 304 EP 314 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LT328 UT WOS:A1993LT32800003 ER PT J AU KASHMANIAN, RM AF KASHMANIAN, RM TI PREDICTING THE TONNAGE OF YARD TRIMMINGS TO BE COMPOSTED IN 1996 SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP KASHMANIAN, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD SEP PY 1993 VL 34 IS 9 BP 51 EP 53 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA LZ530 UT WOS:A1993LZ53000007 ER PT J AU DELNOMDEDIEU, M BASTI, MM OTVOS, JD THOMAS, DJ AF DELNOMDEDIEU, M BASTI, MM OTVOS, JD THOMAS, DJ TI TRANSFER OF ARSENITE FROM GLUTATHIONE TO DITHIOLS - A MODEL OF INTERACTION SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MESO-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHELATING-AGENTS; MESO-2,3-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID; BILIARY-EXCRETION; URINARY-EXCRETION; METAL-COMPLEXES; METABOLISM; RECEPTORS; ANTIDOTES AB The interactions of arsenate and arsenite with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) have been characterized using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. These studies show that DMSA reduces arsenate to arsenite and complexes arsenite. Monitoring the carbon-13 signals of complexed DMSA and liberated glutathione shows that DMSA readily extracts arsenite from a (glutathione)3-arsenite complex, proving the affinity of arsenite for dithiols is greater than that for monothiols. Competition between DMSA (vicinal thiols) and dithioerythritol (1,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol) for binding of arsenite indicates that the binding affinity is inversely related to the distance between the two thiol groups. On the basis of these findings, a model for the interaction of arsenic with mono- and dithiol-containing molecules is proposed. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 32 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 6 IS 5 BP 598 EP 602 DI 10.1021/tx00035a002 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA LY693 UT WOS:A1993LY69300002 PM 8292735 ER PT J AU BARNES, PW MAGGARD, S HOLMAN, SR VERGARA, BS AF BARNES, PW MAGGARD, S HOLMAN, SR VERGARA, BS TI INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN SENSITIVITY TO UV-B RADIATION IN RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPINE LIFE ZONE; FIELD CONDITIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS; PLANT COMPETITION; GROWTH; WHEAT; YIELD; GREENHOUSE; PHYSIOLOGY; GRADIENT AB Twenty-two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from diverse origins were grown under greenhouse conditions and exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation (U-B; 280-320 nm) simulating a 5% reduction in stratospheric ozone in spring for the Philippines (14-degrees N lat.) to evaluate growth and morphological responses to UV-B. In comparison to controls that received no UV-B, plants exposed to UV-B exhibited significantly reduced dry matter production (total plant and shoot), shoot height, leaf blade length and total leaf area, increased number of tillers, and greater weight fractions in leaf blades and roots. For most cultivars, the relative effects of UV-B on shoot morphology were greater than the effects on biomass production. The direction of the UV-B effects were generally similar for all cultivars, however, there were significant differences among cultivars in the magnitude of the UV-B-induced changes. Upland cultivars (IRAT104 and OS4) and two low-land cultivars commonly planted in the USA (Star Bonnet and Lemont) were found to be least affected by the UV-B, whereas modern, high yielding, lowland cultivars developed in the Philippines (IR52, IR35546-17-33, and IR58) were found to be among the most sensitive to UV-B. Our results indicate that in rice, as in other grasses, shoot morphology may be more responsive to solar UV-B change than plant productivity. Intraspecific variation in morphological responses to UVB could contribute to differences among cultivars in susceptibility to UV-B-induced changes in competitive balance between rice and associated weeds of the rice agroecosystem. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. IRRI,DIV AGRON PLANT PHYSIOL & AGROECOL,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. RP BARNES, PW (reprint author), SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666, USA. NR 37 TC 74 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1046 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000033 ER PT J AU HANGEBRAUCK, RP AF HANGEBRAUCK, RP TI TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANNING THE GLOBAL CARBON FUTURE SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CARBON DIOXIDE DISPOSAL CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP INT ENERGY AGCY, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, POWERGEN, NATL COAL ASSOC, ELECT POWER DEV CO JAPAN, SHELL INT PETR, PERGAMON PRESS, FOSTER LOHEELER ENERGY DE CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON; TECHNOLOGY; GLOBAL WARMING; PREVENTION; MITIGATION AB The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the dominant variable in the anthropogenic influence of future global climate change. Thus, it is critical to understand the long-term factors affecting its level, especially the longer-range technological considerations. Most recent analyses of the problem focus on the next 20 to 100 years. While great uncertainties exist in longer-term projections of CO2, it is of concern that the longer-range buildup (over many centuries) may be of substantial magnitude and might be so despite major efforts to reduce use of fossil reserves for energy, save world forests, and/or collect and dispose of CO2. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature relating to the longer-term CO2 problem and discusses some of the technological considerations for known prevention and mitigation approaches in the context of this longer-term problem. These approaches include: renewables (solar photovoltaics, wind, and biomass), conservation, flue-gas and fuel CO2 sequestration via disposal on land or in the ocean, carbon recycling (chemical/biological utilization), and atmospheric CO2 fixation/utilization via terrestrial and marine approaches. These are discussed along with other strategies to identify those that 1) could be major factors in preventing long-term CO2 buildup, 2) would be environmentally sound but likely to have more limited long-range CO2 impact, 3) would be environmentally uncertain or uncertain for other reasons, and 4) would be environmentally questionable or unlikely solutions for other reasons. RP HANGEBRAUCK, RP (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD SEP-NOV PY 1993 VL 34 IS 9-11 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1016/0196-8904(93)90015-3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA LN670 UT WOS:A1993LN67000005 ER PT J AU HAM, SH SUTHERLAND, DS MEGANCK, RA AF HAM, SH SUTHERLAND, DS MEGANCK, RA TI APPLYING ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION IN PROTECTED AREAS OF DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES - PROBLEMS IN EXPORTING A UNITED-STATES MODEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Interpretation is most effective when its form and content are adapted to the situations in which it will be presented. Although many developed countries have a long and rich tradition of interpretation, the physical, financial, and socio-economic, differences among and within developing nations suggest that this tradition will not always apply there. As our colleagues in developing countries look for interchange and suggestions, the temptation to impose our model - and the difficulty for them to accept it - will be great. Interpreters in developing countries need to pursue a different model - one which gives relative emphasis to interpretation's role in strategic environmental education for target audiences. Though not altogether excluding the visitor service function that is frequently emphasized in US protected areas, interpretive programmes in many developing countries are often included as just one component of country-wide environmental education master-plans aimed at establishing sustainable development as a national ideology. Host countries sometimes accept the conventional model too readily, often because the only available training materials are translated from these sources. When application falls short of expectations, in-country interpreters usually blame themselves or conclude that interpretation 'just isn't for us - rather than questioning the model they have been handed. Universities must also share some of the responsibility for this sorry state of affairs. International students studying at US or European institutions sometimes return home better prepared to work as interpreters in those countries' protected areas than in those in their own countries. Trainers and teachers, whether working at home or elsewhere, need to do a better job of listening to their students. They need to learn what it is like to be an interpreter in that student's country, and they need to learn what it is like to be part of the audience. Would we accept anything less of our own mentors and interpretive trainers? Clearly, a superior strategy to exporting our model of interpretation is to assist developing countries in arriving at their own. Over many decades, interpreters in the US and other developed countries have developed a profound knowledge about their craft. Although much of it will not apply everywhere, some of our ideas may have widespread application. The key will be to determine which ones these are. Working with our developed country colleagues, learning with them and through them, we can explore together a range of possibilities that neither of us is able to envision alone. Filtered through our cultures and individual realities, the ideas which have merit will be identified and put to test. Others will be rejected. In the very best scenario, both parties will learn, and sustainable environmental quality will be the result. C1 CHARLES DARWIN STN,GALAPAGOS ISL,ECUADOR. UNEP,REG COORDINATING UNIT,CARIBBEAN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. US EPA,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STEAM IMPROVEMENT,RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP HAM, SH (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,DEPT RESOURCE RECREAT & TOURISM,MOSCOW,ID 83844, USA. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 232 EP 242 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP850 UT WOS:A1993MP85000009 ER PT J AU LIU, LJS KOUTRAKIS, P SUH, HH MULIK, JD BURTON, RM AF LIU, LJS KOUTRAKIS, P SUH, HH MULIK, JD BURTON, RM TI USE OF PERSONAL MEASUREMENTS FOR OZONE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT - A PILOT-STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE EXPOSURE MODELING; OZONE; PASSIVE SAMPLER; PERSONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT ID OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; INDOOR AIR; POLLUTANTS; HEALTH; SOUTHWEST; OXIDANTS; DISEASE; VISITS AB During summer 1991, we collected indoor, outdoor, and personal ozone concentration data as well as time-activity data in State College, Pennsylvania. These concentrations were measured for 23 children and their homes using passive ozone samplers. Outdoor concentrations were also measured at a stationary ambient monitoring site. Results from this pilot study demonstrate that fixed-site ambient measurements may not adequately represent individual exposures. Outdoor ozone concentrations showed substantial spatial variation between rural and residential regions. Ignoring this spatial variation by using fixed-site measurements to estimate personal exposures can result in an error as high as 127%. In addition, evidence from our pilot study indicates that ozone concentrations of a single indoor microenvironment may not represent those of other indoor microenvironments. Personal exposures were significantly correlated with both indoor (r = 0.55) and outdoor (r = 0.41) concentrations measured at home sites. Multiple regression analyses identified indoor ozone concentrations as the most important predictors of personal exposures. However, models based on time-weighted indoor and outdoor concentrations explained only 40% of the variability in personal exposures. When the model included observations for only those participants who spent the majority of their day in or near their homes, an R2 of 0.76 resulted when estimates were regressed on measured personal exposures. It is evident that contributions from diverse indoor and outdoor microenvironments must be considered to estimate personal ozone exposures accurately. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LIU, LJS (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BLDG 1,G-BB,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 101 IS 4 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.2307/3431442 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MC528 UT WOS:A1993MC52800009 PM 8275989 ER PT J AU MA, QY TRAINA, SJ LOGAN, TJ RYAN, JA AF MA, QY TRAINA, SJ LOGAN, TJ RYAN, JA TI IN-SITU LEAD IMMOBILIZATION BY APATITE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC CATION-EXCHANGERS; SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; IONS; ORTHOPHOSPHATES; REMOVAL; POWDER; PB-2+; PB2+ AB Lead contamination is of environmental concern due to its effect on human health. The purpose of this study was to develop a technology to immobilize Pb in situ in contaminated soils and wastes using apatite. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] was reacted with aqueous Pb, resin-exchangeable Pb, and Pb-contaminated soil material. The effectiveness of natural apatite to attenuate Pb was also tested. Hydroxyapatite reduced initial Pb concentrations of 5-500 mg L-1 to 0.18019.7 mug L-1. Aqueous Pb in Pb-contaminated soil materials was reduced from 2273 to 36 mug L-1 after reaction with hydroxyapatite. We hypothesize that Pb was immobilized by dissolution of hydroxyapatite and precipitation of hydroxypyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2]. The effective removal of Pb from aqueous solution, exchange resin, and Pb-contaminated soil material suggests that apatite has the potential to immobilize Pb in situ in Pb-contaminated soils and wastes. C1 US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45219. RP MA, QY (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,2021 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Ma, Lena/E-5854-2010 OI Ma, Lena/0000-0002-8463-9957 NR 22 TC 435 Z9 462 U1 8 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1803 EP 1810 DI 10.1021/es00046a007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW249 UT WOS:A1993LW24900018 ER PT J AU NIEMI, GJ DETENBECK, NE PERRY, JA AF NIEMI, GJ DETENBECK, NE PERRY, JA TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES TO MEASURE RECOVERY RATES IN STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RECOVERY; STREAMS; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; DISTURBANCE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING ID WHOLE ECOSYSTEM MANIPULATION; COST AB We assessed a series of chemical and biological variables for their abilities and cost effectiveness in determining recovery rates in streams. Using data gathered at the experimental streams of the Monticello Ecological Research Station, several water-quality variables (DO, pH. nutrients), macroinvertebrate densities, macrophyte biomass, and periphyton biomass, and several ecosystem-level variables (e.g., primary production) were compiled and analyzed. Water-quality variables were relatively inexpensive to measure, and many would be relatively easily collected for assessing recovery rates; however, their overall explanatory power for determining recovery of streams, especially biological phenomena, was limited. Several biological variables, including gross primary production, respiration, leaf litter decomposition rates, macroinvertebrate richness, and Collembola density, could be measured reasonably well and required relatively small sample sizes (n < 10) for detecting recovery rates. However, collection of most of these variables was more costly than collection of chemical water-quality variables. The ultimate determination of which variables to measure in assessing recovery in a given ecosystem will need to be based on the disturbances being examined, the importance of the variables to stream health, and the available monetary resources. Generally, comprehensive analyses of recovery rates for a variety of aquatic systems will greatly increase our ability to develop a framework for predicting recovery rates and ultimately improving the quality of the environment. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP NIEMI, GJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HIGHWAY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1541:CAOVTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400004 ER PT J AU BERGEN, BJ NELSON, WG PRUELL, RJ AF BERGEN, BJ NELSON, WG PRUELL, RJ TI BIOACCUMULATION OF PCB CONGENERS BY BLUE MUSSELS (MYTILUS-EDULIS) DEPLOYED IN NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOACCUMULATION; PCB CONGENERS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; K(OW) ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER; CHEMICALS; POLLUTION; SEDIMENT; FISH; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION AB Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were deployed to monitor the levels of bioavailable contaminants during a pilot dredging project in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts. Dissolved and particulate seawater samples also were collected periodically during these deployments. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener concentrations in both mussel tissue and seawater samples were among the quantified contaminants. Large differences in the dissolved and particulate PCB con centrations in seawater and tissue residue concentrations in mussels were observed along a gradient from the upper harbor to Buzzards Bay. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated for six PCB congeners at two stations in NBH and a reference site in Buzzards Bay. Equations were generated relating the log BCF to the log octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)) for these congeners. A consistent relationship was found between dissolved PCB congener concentrations and tissue concentrations in the mussels. This study demonstrates the utility of the blue mussel as a monitoring organism for quantifying bioavailable contaminants in seawater and for relating PCB tissue residues with seawater concentrations. RP BERGEN, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, 27 TARZWELL DR, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1671 EP 1681 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1671:BOPCBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400016 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ CREASON, JP CLAXTON, LD AF GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ CREASON, JP CLAXTON, LD TI PULMONARY EXPOSURE OF MICE TO ENGINEERED PSEUDOMONADS INFLUENCES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PULMONARY EXPOSURE; BIOTECHNOLOGY AGENTS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA ID BIPHENYL-DEGRADING PSEUDOMONADS; COLONIZATION RESISTANCE; INFECTION PREVENTION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; FLORA; COMPETITION; SURVIVAL; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; CULTURE AB Microbial biotechnology applications have prompted research into their potential impacts on human health and the environment. In this study, a mouse model was used to evaluate indirect effects (e.g., alteration of the intestinal microbiota) of pulmonary exposure to representative biotechnology agents (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AC869 and Pseudomonas cepacia strain AC1100) selected for their ability to degrade hazardous chemicals. CD-1(R) mice were challenged intranasally with approximately 10(3) or 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) of strain AC869 or 10(8) cfu of strain ACI 100. At time intervals, clearance of the microorganisms and effects on resident microbiota were determined. When the low (10(3) cfu) dose was administered, strain AC869 was not recovered from the small intestine but was detectable in the cecum and lungs 3 h after treatment and persisted in the nasal cavity intermittently for 14 d. Treatment of animals with 10(7) CfU of strain AC869 resulted in detection 14 d following treatment. Strain AC869 challenge modified the small intestinal anaerobe count and cecal obligately anaerobic gram-negative rods (OAGNR) and lactobacilli. Following exposure, Pseudomonas cepacia strain AC1100 persisted in the lungs for 7 d and was recovered from the small intestine, cecum, and nasal cavity 2 d following treatment. Strain AC1100 treatment impacted the small intestinal anaerobe count, OAGNR counts, and reduced lactobacilli numbers. Strain AC1100 also altered the cecal OAGNR and lactobacilli. Therefore, pulmonary treatment of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or cepacia affects the balance of the protective intestinal microbiota, which may cause further negative health effects (e.g., harbored pathogen multiplication, opportunistic pathogen invasion, bacterial translocation). RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1741 EP 1748 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1741:PEOMTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400023 ER PT J AU SIGLEO, AC SHULTZ, DJ AF SIGLEO, AC SHULTZ, DJ TI AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES, SEDIMENT-TRAP MATERIAL, AND BENTHIC SEDIMENT IN THE POTOMAC ESTUARY SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geochemistry of Trace Contaminants and Nutrients, at the 11th International Estuarine Research Conference CY NOV, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DEEP OCEAN; EARLY DIAGENESIS; VERTICAL FLUX; SARGASSO SEA; PANAMA BASIN; PARTICULATE; SUGARS; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION AB Sediment trap deployments in estuaries provide a method for estimating the amount of organic material transported to the sediments from the euphotic zone. The amino acid composition of suspended particles, benthic sediment, and sediment-trap material collected at 2.4 m, 5.8 m, and 7.9 m depths in the Potomac Estuary was determined in stratified summer waters, and in well mixed oxygenated waters (DO) in late fall. The total vertical flow, or flux, of material into the top traps ranged from 3 g m(-2) d(-1) in August to 4.9 g m(-2) d(-1) in October. The carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased in the deepest traps relative to the surface traps during both sampling periods, along with that of the total material flux (up to 47.3 g m(-2) d(-1) in the deepest trap), although the actual weight percent of organic carbon and organic nitrogen decreased with depth. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 129 mg g(-1) in surface water particulate material to 22 mg g(-1) in particulate material in 9-m-deep waters and in the benthic sediment. Amino acid concentrations from 2.4-m-depth sediment traps averaged 104 +/- 29 mg g(-1) in stratified waters and 164 +/- 81 mg g(-1) in well-mixed waters. The deep trap samples averaged 77.3 +/- 4.8 mg g(-1) amino acids in summer waters and 37 +/- 16 mg g(-1) in oxygenated fall waters. Amino acids comprised 13% to 39% of the organic carbon and 12% to 89% of the organic nitrogen in these samples. Analysis of the flux results suggest that resuspension combined with lateral advection from adjacent slopes can account for up to 27% of the material in the deep traps when the estuary was well-mixed and unstratified. When the estuary was stratified in late summer, the amino acid carbon produced by primary productivity in the euphotic zone decreased by 85% (86% for total organic carbon) at the pycnocline at 6 m depth, leaving up to 15% of the vertical organic flux available for benthic sediment deposition. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP SIGLEO, AC (reprint author), US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3A BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.2307/1352588 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ML720 UT WOS:A1993ML72000004 ER PT J AU GOLDEY, ES KEHN, LS CROFTON, KM AF GOLDEY, ES KEHN, LS CROFTON, KM TI THE SENSITIVITY TO 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE DIFFERS FOR HIGHFREQUENCY AND MIDFREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS IN THE DEVELOPING RAT SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; OTOTOXICITY; COCHLEA; REFLEX MODIFICATION; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; DEVELOPMENT ID OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; REFLEX MODIFICATION; AUDITORY FUNCTION; PLACE PRINCIPLE; COCHLEA; TRIMETHYLTIN; NEUROTOXICITY; OTOTOXICITY; KANAMYCIN AB 3,3'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) has been demonstrated to produce a loss of hearing following both neonatal and adult exposures. Adult exposure induces a full spectrum hearing loss, whereas early postnatal exposure produces a high-frequency loss only. The purpose of this work was to delineate the period of development during which the rat becomes sensitive to the full ototoxic effects of IDPN. Primiparous Long Evans rats or their offspring were exposed to either saline or 300 mg/kg IDPN for three consecutive days. Ages of exposure were as follows: gestational days 15-17 or postnatal days (PND) 1-3, 5-7, 15-17, 20-22, 25-27, 30-32, 40-42, or 70-72. All animals were tested as adults for auditory thresholds to 5- and 40-kHz tones using reflex modification audiometry. Results demonstrate that adult-like susceptibility to IDPN was not reached until approximately PND 30-32. Early exposures (PND 5-22) to IDPN will induce a highfrequency selective hearing loss, sparing the lower frequency. Prenatal or early neonatal (PND 1-3) IDPN exposure resulted in a high degree of mortality ( > 70%). The long period of time between the susceptible period for the high frequency (PND 5-7) and the lower frequency (PND 30-32) does not correspond to the basal to apical ontogenic profile of any one physiological or anatomical process. These data suggest either a unique site of action for IDPN in the cochlea or the possibility of two different mechanisms, one operating at early postnatal ages and one at later ages. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GOLDEY, ES (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0378-5955(93)90111-D PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA LW840 UT WOS:A1993LW84000025 PM 8226343 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD AF GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD TI FRAMEWORK FOR VALIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IN-VITRO TOXICITY TESTS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVES; IN-VITRO TOXICOLOGY; VALIDATION; TOXICITY TESTING; RISK ASSESSMENT ID EYE IRRITATION TEST; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; TOXICOLOGY; PROJECT AB The development and application of in vitro alternatives designed to reduce or replace the use of animals, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend in toxicology. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate validation activities. A framework capable of fostering the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technologic developments from the research laboratory into practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks, a data bank, and reference laboratories. The creation of a Scientific Advisory Board composed of experts in the various aspects and endpoints of toxicity testing, and representing the academic, industrial, and regulatory communities, is recommended. Test validation acceptance is contingent on broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community-academics, industry, and government. This is best achieved by early and frequent communication among parties and agreement on common goals. It is hoped that the creation of a validation infrastructure composed of the elements described in this report will facilitate scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives in toxicity testing. C1 HAZLETON LABS,VIENNA,VA 22182. AVON PROD INC,SUFFERN,NY 10901. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SYRACUSE,NY 13221. COSMET TOILETRY & FRAGRANCE ASSOC INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,REHOBOTH BEACH,DE 19971. US FDA,LAUREL,MD 20708. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP GOLDBERG, AM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR ALTERNAT ANIM TESTING,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 9 BP 688 EP 692 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA MD189 UT WOS:A1993MD18900005 PM 8407711 ER PT J AU WINTER, JA BUDDE, WL NOVIELLI, F AF WINTER, JA BUDDE, WL NOVIELLI, F TI QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY-CONTROL FOR DRINKING-WATER LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Soon after the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was formed in 1972, agency administrators realized that in order to make appropriate decisions for environmental regulation, they must be assured that data being generated by the agency and the 50 states were valid and legally defensible. Thus in 1979, USEPA established a mandatory quality assurance (QA) program for all data generated by or for the agency. QA responsibilities were assigned to the Office of Research and Development. QA guidance in water chemistry and microbiology was assigned to the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL) in Cincinnati, Ohio, and QA guidance in water radiochemistry became the responsibility of the EMSL in Las Vegas, Nev. C1 US EPA,EMSL,DIV CHEM RES,CINCINNATI,OH. US EPA,EMSL,NRAD,RADIOANAL BRANCH,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP WINTER, JA (reprint author), US EPA,EMSL,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 85 IS 9 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA ML873 UT WOS:A1993ML87300009 ER PT J AU FEIGE, MA MADDING, C GLICK, EM AF FEIGE, MA MADDING, C GLICK, EM TI USEPA DRINKING-WATER LABORATORY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Drinking Water Laboratory Certification Program has been in existence since 1943 and was adopted by the Drinking Water Program in 1978 under the authority given the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Both USEPA and the states are looking for ways to make the program efficient in the face of dwindling resources. Recent discussions concerning the certification program have included major new approaches. With impending reauthorization of the SDWA and the changing needs of the certification community, the program could be significantly modified. RP FEIGE, MA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUNDWATER & DRINKING WATER,DIV TECH SUPPORT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 85 IS 9 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA ML873 UT WOS:A1993ML87300010 ER PT J AU BOLYARD, M FAIR, PS HAUTMAN, DP AF BOLYARD, M FAIR, PS HAUTMAN, DP TI SOURCES OF CHLORATE ION IN US DRINKING-WATER SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; BY-PRODUCTS; REDUCING AGENTS; DISINFECTION; RESIDUALS AB Samples of untreated source water and finished drinking water were obtained from 42 water utilities which treated their water with oxidants-disinfectants that included chlorine dioxide (ClO2), gaseous chlorine, hypochlorite solutions, and chloramines. Chlorite ion was only detected in water from utilities that used ClO2. Finished water from utilities that used ClO2 or hypochlorite solutions contained comparable concentrations of chlorate ion (ClO3-) in the range 21-660 mu g/L. Analysis of the hypochlorite solutions indicated ClO3- contamination was a greater problem in the solutions purchased in concentrations >10 percent available chlorine. Low levels of ClO3- (10-81 mu g/L) were also detected in approximately one third of the untreated source samples. C1 US EPA,OFF GROUNDWATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP BOLYARD, M (reprint author), US EPA,REG 8,SUITE 500,999 18TH ST,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 85 IS 9 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA ML873 UT WOS:A1993ML87300012 ER PT J AU KIM, CS GARCIA, L AF KIM, CS GARCIA, L TI DELIVERY CHARACTERISTICS OF ALBUTEROL POWDER AEROSOL BY ROTAHALER SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE AEROSOL DEPOSITION; DRUG DELIVERY; DRY POWDER AB Delivery characteristics of Rotahaler (200 mug capsule of dry powder) were evaluated for a wide range of inspiratory flow rate. Specific drug doses discharged from Rotahaler and the doses subsequently delivered via an oropharyngeal model were determined by filter sampling and HPLC as a function of inspiratory flow rate. Size distribution of the aerosol was measured at the exit of the oropharyngeal model with a 7-stage cascade impactor. The impactor data were analyzed by both gravimetric and UV spectrophotometric methods. The results show that drug dose (mean +/- SD) discharged from the Rotahaler varied widely from 39+/-32 to 146+/-11 mug in the inspiratory flow range of 30-120 l/min. Of the dose discharged about 24-34% was lost in the oropharyngeal space in the flow range tested. The drug dose delivered via the oropharyngeal model was between 28+/-18 and 110+/-9 mug in the flow range tested: this value represented 15-58% of the unit capsule dose. The delivery dose was consistent only with inspiratory flow rates > 60 l/min. These results and a comparison with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler, Ventolin, are discussed. RP KIM, CS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES MD58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1089/jam.1993.6.199 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA MF090 UT WOS:A1993MF09000005 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW TITUS, RL AF DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW TITUS, RL TI STRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE ISOMERS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID OXYCHLORDANE; CHLORDANE AB Historically, both endo- and exo-epoxides of heptachlor are known. The exo-epoxy isomer of heptachlor epoxide is a remarkably stable metabolite of heptachlor and is generally found in the environment where heptachlor was introduced. In this study, the nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral characteristics of the 2 epoxide-containing isomers (''A'' and ''B'') were investigated to verify their structural assignments. We believe that the metabolite, Isomer B, is the only isomer found in the environment resulting from environmental contamination by chlordane and heptachlor. C1 US EPA,EMSL LV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,980 KELLY JOHNSON DR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1097 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900021 ER PT J AU EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ WESSELMAN, RJ LONGBOTTOM, JE AF EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ WESSELMAN, RJ LONGBOTTOM, JE TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CHLORINATED ACIDS IN WATER - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on USEPA Method 515.1, ''Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. ''This method is one of the 6 pesticide methods developed for the USEPA National Pesticide Survey (NPS). Method recovery and precision for analyses of sub-ppb to low-ppb concentrations of chlorinated acids were determined in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The analytes evaluated in the study included the 12 pesticides that were quantitatively measured in the National Pesticide Survey (bentazon, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, DCPA-diacid, dicamba, dichlorprop, 5-hydroxydicamba, pentachlorophenol, picloram, 2,4,5-T, and 2,4,5-TP) and 5 pesticides (acifluorfen, chloramben, dalapon, dinoseb, and 4-nitrophenol) that were only qualitatively assessed in the National Pesticide Survey because of recognized method imprecision. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 17 chlorinated acids, each at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Eight laboratories extracted the spiked test waters at pH <2 with ethyl ether, performed a solvent exchange with methyl tert-butyl ether, prepared methyl esters of the extracted acids using diazomethane, and analyzed an aliquot of each derivatized extract by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The submitted data were analyzed using a USEPA computer program, which measured recovery and precision for each of the 17 compounds and compared the performance of the method between water types. Method 515.1 was judged acceptable for the 12 NPS analytes recovered quantitatively; mean percent recoveries at 10-15 times the method detection limits ranged from 79 to 105% in reagent water and from 75 to 123% in finished drinking water. In reagent water, overall precision (reproducibility relative standard deviation, RSD(R)) ranged from 9.6 to 34.2% and in finished drinking water, the RSD(R) ranged from 11.9 to 37.0%. Single-analyst precision (RSD for repeatability, RSD(r)) ranged from 5.8 to 17.7% in reagent water and from 4.6 to 27.9% in drinking water. Results for the 5 other NPS analytes were too inaccurate or imprecise and, for these compounds, supported use of the method for qualitative measurements only; the 5 compounds are not included in the adopted method. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL for determination of residues of 12 chlorinated acids in finished drinking water. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1112 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900022 PM 8241813 ER PT J AU LONGBOTTOM, JE EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ LOPEZAVILA, V AF LONGBOTTOM, JE EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ LOPEZAVILA, V TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS DETECTION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ETHYLENE THIOUREA IN FINISHED DRINKING WATERS - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-AOAC interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on USEPA National Pesticide Survey (NPS) Method 6, ''Determination of Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) in Finished Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector.'' The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the mean recoveries and precision for determination of ETU in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with ETU at 6 concentrations levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. In the method, the test water is extracted by passing the sample through an absorbent matrix type tube. ETU is recovered from the tube with methylene chloride, the extract is solvent-exchanged to ethyl acetate, and an aliquot of each extract is analyzed by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Twelve laboratories participated in the study. Data were analyzed using a USEPA computer program, which measured recovery and precision for ETU and compared the performance of the method between the 2 water types. Over the concentration range tested, the mean percent recoveries of ETU were 82-92% in reagent water and 85-98% in finished drinking water. The range of the between laboratory relative standard deviations (RSD(R)) for the 6 concentrations was 5-24% in reagent water, but was only 4-9% in finished drinking water. The range of the within-laboratory relative standard deviations (RSD(r)) was 6-14% for reagent water and 6-10% for finished drinking water. Results for the 2 water matrixes showed no statistically significant differences. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC International for determination of ETU in finished drinking waters. C1 BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. MIDPACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1120 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900023 PM 8241814 ER PT J AU TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL FITZGERALD, S DOERFLER, DL BROMBERG, PA AF TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL FITZGERALD, S DOERFLER, DL BROMBERG, PA TI ROLE OF TACHYKININS IN OZONE-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN GUINEA-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PULMONARY FUNCTION; PROTEIN EXTRAVASATION; LAVAGE; AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; HARTLEY GUINEA PIGS ID SUBSTANCE-P; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; CAPSAICIN; HISTAMINE; AIRWAYS; NEURONS; RAT; HYPERREACTIVITY AB To examine the hypothesis that the acute reversible changes caused by ozone (O3) exposure are mediated by tachykinin release, guinea pigs were depleted of tachykinins by use of repeated capsaicin (CAP) injections before O3 exposure in an attempt to prevent O3-induced functional changes. Unexpectedly, CAP pretreatment caused divergent results in the functional responses to O3. Ventilatory measurements obtained from CAP-pretreated O3-exposed (CAP-O3) animals were exacerbated rather than diminished compared with the effects of O3 alone. Similarly, lavage fluid protein accumulation was enhanced in the CAP-O3 group compared with the O3-exposed group. In better agreement with our initial hypothesis, the CAP-O3 group was less responsive than the O3-exposed animals to histamine aerosol challenge. Additionally, Evans blue dye accumulation, a hallmark of tachykinin release, was increased in O3-exposed animals and was partially blocked in the CAP-O3 group. These data suggest that tachykinin-containing sensory fibers are unlikely to mediate the acute effects of O3 exposure on tidal breathing and lavage fluid protein accumulation but may play a role in causing post-O3 airway hyperreactivity and protein extravasation into the trachea. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP TEPPER, JS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 75 IS 3 BP 1404 EP 1411 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA LY896 UT WOS:A1993LY89600052 PM 8226557 ER PT J AU DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA NOCERINO, JM AF DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA NOCERINO, JM TI THE GEOMETRY OF MULTIVARIATE OBJECT PREPROCESSING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE PREPROCESSING; CLOSURE; NORMALIZATION; RATIOING; CONSTANT SUM TRANSFORMATION; CONSTANT LENGTH TRANSFORMATION; MAXIMUM VALUE TRANSFORMATION ID MASS-SPECTRA; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; CLOSURE AB The geometric properties of three common object-preprocessing transformations (constant sum, or closure; constant length, or normalization; and maximum value, or ratioing) are investigated. An argument is made for using absolute values in the constant sum and maximum value transformations. In general, each transformation distorts the shape and dimensionality of patterns in the data: transformed data lie on (C-1)-dimensional surfaces in the original C-dimensional space. A data set that has been closed by one of these transformations can be reopened if a vector containing the constant sums, constant lengths or maximum values of the original objects was retained. Transformed data sets may be freely interconverted among these three transformations without the loss of information. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DEMING, SN (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 393 EP 425 DI 10.1002/cem.1180070506 PG 33 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA LY378 UT WOS:A1993LY37800005 ER PT J AU MCCUTCHEON, SC AF MCCUTCHEON, SC TI HAZARDOUS-WASTE ENGINEERING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30601, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 769 EP 770 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:5(769) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY858 UT WOS:A1993LY85800001 ER PT J AU LUNG, WS MARTIN, JL MCCUTCHEON, SC AF LUNG, WS MARTIN, JL MCCUTCHEON, SC TI EUTROPHICATION ANALYSIS OF EMBAYMENTS IN PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MASS-TRANSPORT; ESTUARIES AB Fertilizers were used in the summer of 1989 to accelerate bacterial growth in a bioremediation effort to clean up the beaches following the EXXON Valdez oil spill. Mathematical models were used to quantify the eutrophication potential in two selected embayments in Prince William Sound: Passage Cove and Snug Harbor. First, mass transport in these two embayments was determined. Next, eutrophication models were developed for these two embayments to simulate the seasonal algal concentrations prior to fertilizer application. Finally, a series of nutrient-loading scenarios based on different fertilizer and other chemical application rates were developed to investigate the impact. Model results and the data available indicated that the rapid exchange between embayments and the open water limits algal growth and buildup of concentrations of other chemicals applied to beaches. The exception is the potential for some ammonia toxicity at high application rates. Despite the limited data available it is clear that no significant increased algal growth would be expected following fertilizer application. C1 ASCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. RP LUNG, WS (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 811 EP 824 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:5(811) PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY858 UT WOS:A1993LY85800005 ER PT J AU FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD AF FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD TI MODELING SUBSTRATE TRANSPORT INTO BIOFILMS - ROLE OF MULTIPLE IONS AND PH EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MASS-TRANSFER; KINETICS AB Steady-state substrate utilization in biofilms has traditionally been modeled by coupling Fickian diffusion with Monod reaction kinetics. An inherent assumption in most of the previous models was that the pH remains constant within the biofilm. Experiments have shown differences between the pH in the bulk solution and in the biofilm. Since the rate of substrate utilization in biological systems can be affected severely by changes in pH, recent models have tried to account for the pH variations within the biofilm. However, these models neglected ionic interactions during mass transport. A fundamental approach incorporating the effects of pH in any chemical or biological system involving diffusion with reaction is presented. The approach is applied to a steady-state model of substrate utilization in carbon-limited algal biofilms. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP FLORA, JRV (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 908 EP 930 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:5(908) PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY858 UT WOS:A1993LY85800011 ER PT J AU BONNER, JS HUNT, CD PAUL, JF BIERMAN, VJ AF BONNER, JS HUNT, CD PAUL, JF BIERMAN, VJ TI TRANSPORT OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE SOIL AT DEEP-OCEAN DISPOSAL SITE - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 BATTELLE OCEAN SCI,DUXBURY,MA 02332. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP BONNER, JS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 998 EP 998 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:5(998) PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY858 UT WOS:A1993LY85800018 ER PT J AU COOTER, EJ EDER, BK LEDUC, SK TRUPPI, L AF COOTER, EJ EDER, BK LEDUC, SK TRUPPI, L TI CLIMATE-CHANGE - MODELS AND FOREST RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; CO2 RP COOTER, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 91 IS 9 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LV686 UT WOS:A1993LV68600014 ER PT J AU CHO, JS AF CHO, JS TI A 3-DIMENSIONAL AIR-FLOW MODEL FOR SOIL VENTING - SUPERPOSITION OF ANALYTICAL FUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED ZONE; EXTRACTION; GAS AB A three-dimensional computer model was developed for the simulation of the soil-air pressure distribution at steady state and specific discharge vectors during soil venting with multiple wells in unsaturated soil. The Kirchhoff transformation of dependent variables and coordinate transforms allowed the adoption of the superposition of analytical functions to satisfy the differential equations and boundary conditions. A venting well was represented with a line source of a finite length in a infinite homogeneous medium. The boundary conditions at the soil surface and the water table were approximated by the superposition of a large number of mirror image wells on the opposite sides of boundaries. The numerical accuracy of the model was checked by the evaluation of one of the boundary conditions and the comparison of a simulation result with an available analytical solution from the literature. Simulations of various layouts of operating systems with multiple wells required minimal computational expenses. The model was very flexible and easy to use, and its numerical results proved to be sufficiently accurate. RP CHO, JS (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85022-7 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MA989 UT WOS:A1993MA98900003 ER PT J AU KLEE, AJ AF KLEE, AJ TI A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MOST PROBABLE NUMBER AND ITS CONFIDENCE-LIMITS SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE MOST PROBABLE NUMBER; MPN; STATISTICS; COMPUTER PROGRAM ID DILUTION AB A desktop computer program has been written to implement state-of-the-art algorithms for the determination the Most Probable Number (MPN), its confidence limits, and correction for bias. The program is flexible with regard to the number of tubes or the number and amounts of the dilutions used. Special attention has been paid to ease of use, especially when multiple MPN calculations must be made. Input can be either from a file or from the keyboard (results are written both to the screen and to an output rile), and the program can be customized for up to nine sets of input parameters. RP KLEE, AJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0167-7012(93)90025-D PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA LX503 UT WOS:A1993LX50300002 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, DL HARDIN, PD BENSON, VW BAGLIO, JV AF PHILLIPS, DL HARDIN, PD BENSON, VW BAGLIO, JV TI NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES IN ILLINOIS - A SIMULATION STUDY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS CORN; TILLAGE; SOIL; NUTRIENT; EROSION; RUNOFF; GROWTH; MODEL AB The 1987 National Resources Inventory (NRI) was used to provide a random sample of 100 Illinois cropland sites growing corn and soybeans. These were used with the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model to simulate responses of soil erosion and nutrient exports to several different tillage and crop rotation practices. The NRI and other data sources were used for site specific characterizations that reflected the multidimensional variability in site conditions in Illinois. Four alternative management schemes were simulated for each site: continuous corn and soybean/corn rotations under conventional tillage and no-till. Average crop yields varied little under the four management schemes and closely corresponded to expected yields from the SCS Soils-5 Soil Interpretation Records. However, no-till significantly reduced soil erosion rates and loss of soil organic carbon compared to conventional tillage. This reduced erosion under no-till also led to reduced losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in eroded soil. Percolation below the root zone represented the greatest N export and is of concern for the issue of groundwater contamination in this region. Nitrate N concentrations in percolate substantially exceeded the drinking water standard of 10 mg/l. Soybean/corn rotations generally bad 10-30 percent lower soluble N losses in surface runoff, subsurface flow, and percolation than the corresponding conventional tillage or no-till practices under continuous corn. No-till resulted in a 24 percent increase in soluble N runoff losses compared to conventional tillage in soybean/corn rotations. P losses in surface runoff were larger under no-till, likely as a result of the lack of immediate incorporation of surface P fertilizer into the soil. The model predictions for changes in soil erosion and N and P losses under different management practices were in line with measured changes in site-specific field studies under similar conditions. Our study results take into account the effect of site-to-site variability on the responses and the relative frequency of different site conditions state-wide. This indicates the potential magnitude for changes in nonpoint source pollution by sediment, N, and P state-wide by adoption of alternative corn and soybean tillage and rotation schemes. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. SCS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP PHILLIPS, DL (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 449 EP 457 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LY377 UT WOS:A1993LY37700010 ER PT J AU BUSCHOW, RD SHELTON, R AF BUSCHOW, RD SHELTON, R TI PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO SMALL BUSINESSES IMPACTED BY THE 1990 CLEAN-AIR ACT AMENDMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Section 507 of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) requires states to develop a small business stationary source and environmental compliance assistance program to aid small businesses impacted by applicable air quality regulations. In general, the program consists of three main components: (1) a small business assistance program (SBAP) for providing compliance and technical assistance to small businesses; (2) an ombudsman for providing direct oversight to the SBAP; and (3) a compliance advisory panel consisting of members from both the public and private sector responsible for determining the overall effectiveness of the SBAP. The key component of the program for assisting small businesses is the SBAP. Providing the necessary assistance to small businesses regarding such issues as permit applicability, rights under the CAAA and emission control options Will require the SBAP to develop both proactive and reactive components. The proactive component involves providing outreach services in the form of collecting and disseminating compliance and technical information to small businesses. The reactive component includes the establishment of an information clearinghouse for handling the many inquiries from members of the small business community who have never been subject to air pollution control regulations. States without the available resources to fully implement an SBAP may need to rely on contractor assistance. This paper briefly describes the establishment of the program, provides an overview of each of the program components, discusses many of the ways in which states may implement both the proactive and reactive components of the SBAP, and lists the types of contractors most suitable for SBAP assistance. C1 US EPA,DIV AIR QUAL MANAGEMENT,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,REG OPERAT BRANCH,DURHAM,NC 27714. RP BUSCHOW, RD (reprint author), TRC ENVIRONM CORP,DEPT AIR & ENGN REGULATORY SUPPORT,100 EUROPA DR,SUITE 150,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1213 EP 1220 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LY160 UT WOS:A1993LY16000003 ER PT J AU ALTSHULLER, AP AF ALTSHULLER, AP TI PANS IN THE ATMOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; METHYL VINYL KETONE; AMBIENT AIR; PEROXYPROPIONYL NITRATE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC NITRATES; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; NITROGEN-OXIDES AB The types of PANs and PBzNs present or possibly present in the ambient atmosphere are discussed. Biological activities of the PANs and PBzNs are briefly considered. The concentration and composition of PANs in the atmosphere are discussed and calculations made of the production of RCO radicals from precursor alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons present in the atmosphere. Lifetimes of PANs are estimated, and the effects of transport on the composition of PANs is evaluated. RP ALTSHULLER, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,MD-52,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 82 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1221 EP 1230 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LY160 UT WOS:A1993LY16000004 ER PT J AU MECKES, MC WAGNER, TJ TILLMAN, J KRIETEMEYER, S AF MECKES, MC WAGNER, TJ TILLMAN, J KRIETEMEYER, S TI SITE DEMONSTRATION OF THE BASIC EXTRACTIVE SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, in cooperation with EPA Region 5, the Great Lakes National Program Off ice (GLNPO), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) planned and executed a pilot-scale evaluation of the Basic Extractive Sludge Treatment (B.E.S.T.(R)) process on sediment samples obtained from the Grand Calumet River in Gary, Indiana. Two separate sampling locations were selected based upon previous data. One location had sediments with total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations averaging 10 mg/kg, and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations averaging 520 mg/kg. The other location had sediments with average total PCB and PAH concentrations of 427 mg/kg and 72,000 mg/kg, respectively. The sediment samples were segregated by location, then screened, homogenized, and stored prior to treatment. A total of ten batches of sediments were treated (five for each sample location). Results showed that of the samples which had low original contaminants concentrations, 96 percent of the PAHs and >99 percent of the PCBs were removed following seven sequential extractions. Treated samples which had high original contaminant concentrations were found to have removal efficiencies of >99 percent for both PAHs and PCBs. Costs for applying this technology were estimated at $94.19/ton (assuming the system is on-line 80 percent of the time) excluding fixed costs associated with system mobilization/demobilization and setup, and profit. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,635 W 7TH ST,SUITE 403,CINCINNATI,OH 45203. RP MECKES, MC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1274 EP 1279 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LY160 UT WOS:A1993LY16000010 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, MK DANIELS, MJ JASKOT, RH ROBINSON, BL ALLIS, JW AF SELGRADE, MK DANIELS, MJ JASKOT, RH ROBINSON, BL ALLIS, JW TI ENHANCED MORTALITY AND LIVER-DAMAGE IN VIRUS-INFECTED MICE EXPOSED TO P-XYLENE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; RAT-LIVER; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; DRINKING-WATER; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; CYTOCHROME-P-450; HEPATOTOXICITY AB This study assessed effects of exposure to p-xylene, a ubiquitous air pollutant, on mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a mouse model for a common human virus. It was postulated that adverse health effects could occur as a result of (1) enhanced infection due to xylene-induced immune suppression, (2) increased p-xylene toxicity due to viral suppression of cytochrome P-450 (P-450), and/or (3) additive or synergistic effects on liver function due to tissue injury by both p-xylene and MCMV. Mice were exposed to filtered air, 600 or 1200 ppm p-xylene 6 h/d for 4 d and infected with a sublethal dose of MCMV after the first exposure. No deaths occurred among uninfected, p-xylene-exposed mice or infected, air-exposed mice; 34% and 0% mortality occurred respectively in infected mice exposed to 1200 and 600 ppm p-xylene. Virus titers in the liver and splenic natural killer cell activity were unaffected by exposure to 1200 ppm p-xylene. Small but significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, indicators of liver damage, were observed at 4 d postinfection. p-Xylene exposure had no effect on these serum enzyme activities in uninfected mice, but 1200 ppm potentiated this effect in infected mice. MCMV significantly suppressed and p-xylene significantly increased total P-450 levels in the liver, but there was no significant interaction between the two. Isozymes 1A1, 2B1/B2, and 2E1 were decreased to a similar degree, suggesting that the virus does not target specific isozymes. Enhanced mortality was not due to immune suppression. While p-xylene potentiated liver damage was caused by the virus, the magnitude of serum enzyme activities indicates that this damage was not a likely cause of death. The cause of deaths is unclear, results were consistent with the hypothesis that enhanced mortality was related to enhanced xylene toxicity due to suppression of P-450, although additive or synergistic damage to tissues other than liver cannot be ruled out. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP SELGRADE, MK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD 92,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 1993 VL 40 IS 1 BP 129 EP 144 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LX511 UT WOS:A1993LX51100009 PM 8395606 ER PT J AU ROSSMAN, LA BOULOS, PE ALTMAN, T AF ROSSMAN, LA BOULOS, PE ALTMAN, T TI DISCRETE VOLUME-ELEMENT METHOD FOR NETWORK WATER-QUALITY MODELS SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB An explicit dynamic water-quality modeling algorithm is developed for tracking dissolved substances in water-distribution networks. The algorithm is based on a mass-balance relation within pipes that considers both advective transport and reaction kinetics. Complete mixing of material is assumed at pipe junctions and storage tanks. The algorithm automatically selects a pipe-segmentation scheme and computational time step that satisfies conservation of mass and seeks to minimize numerical dispersion. In contrast to previous water-quality models, there is no need to first find unique flow paths through the network. The resulting method is both robust and efficient, and can be readily applied to all types of network configurations and dynamic hydraulic conditions. The applicability of the method is demonstrated using an example pipe-distribution network. Enhancement of distribution-system water-quality management is a principal benefit of the methodology. C1 MONTGOMERY WATSON,DEPT COMP AIDED ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91101. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT COMP SCI & ENGN,DENVER,CO 80217. RP ROSSMAN, LA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,ENGN & COST SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1993)119:5(505) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LU472 UT WOS:A1993LU47200001 ER PT J AU KROER, N AF KROER, N TI BACTERIAL-GROWTH EFFICIENCY ON NATURAL DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID AMMONIUM REGENERATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; AMINO-ACIDS; CARBON; BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHYTOPLANKTON; WATERS; ESTUARINE; BIOMASS; RIVER AB Bacterial growth efficiency was examined in batch cultures and continuous flow cultures by inoculating natural assemblages of pelagic bacteria from different localities into particle-free water. Growth efficiencies were determined from direct measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) produced and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) used. On average, 6% of the DOC was consumed during growth m batch cultures. Depending on sampling locality, the DOC consumed was converted to bacterial biomass with efficiencies ranging from 26 to 61%. The efficiency did not correlate with either concentration of DOC or temperature. In continuous flow cultures, growth efficiency increased progressively with increasing ammonium concentration but decreased with increasing substrate C : N ratio. These results suggest that the C : N ratio of the substrate can be a major determinant of bacterial growth efficiency and that differences in growth efficiency between sampling stations can be attributed to differences in the concentration of usable N in the substrate. C1 US EPA,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RI Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015 NR 31 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1282 EP 1290 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ME147 UT WOS:A1993ME14700016 ER PT J AU TUCKER, JD AULETTA, A CIMINO, MC DEARFIELD, KL JACOBSONKRAM, D TICE, RR CARRANO, AV AF TUCKER, JD AULETTA, A CIMINO, MC DEARFIELD, KL JACOBSONKRAM, D TICE, RR CARRANO, AV TI SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE - 2ND REPORT OF THE GENE-TOX PROGRAM SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CHINESE-HAMSTER OVARY; BONE-MARROW CELLS; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; MAMMALIAN CYTOGENETIC ASSAYS; ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE; HUMAN-LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS; OXIDE-EXPOSED PRIMATES; FANCONI ANEMIA CELLS AB This paper reviews the ability of a number of chemicals to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The SCE data for animal cells in vivo and in vitro, and human cells in vitro are presented in 6 tables according to their relative effectiveness. A seventh table summarizes what is known about the effects of specific chemicals on SCEs for humans exposed in vivo. The data support the concept that SCEs provide a useful indication of exposure, although the mechanism and biological significance of SCE formation still remain to be elucidated. C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,HERD TS-796,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OPP HED,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP TUCKER, JD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM L452,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 530 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD SEP PY 1993 VL 297 IS 2 BP 101 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(93)90001-4 PG 80 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LP458 UT WOS:A1993LP45800001 PM 7687323 ER PT J AU VARNER, JA HUIE, C HORVATH, W JENSEN, KF ISAACSON, RL AF VARNER, JA HUIE, C HORVATH, W JENSEN, KF ISAACSON, RL TI CHRONIC AIF(3) ADMINISTRATION .2. SELECTED HISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM FLUORIDE; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; NEUROFILAMENTS ID ALUMINUM ACCUMULATION; BRAIN AB Male Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups based on the concentrations of the AlF3 in the drinking water: 0.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 50 ppm, or a control solution of double-distilled, de-ionized water. Water was available ad libitum for 45 weeks. Following the behavioral studies, histological, immunohistochemical, and overall brain aluminum (Al) evaluations were made on portions of the brains from these animals. Selected coronal sections were stained by the Bielschowsky silver stain method, the Morin Al-fluorescence procedure, several standard neurohistological methods for cellular proteins, and through the use of several immunohistochemical methods, including ones that reveal neurofilaments and reactive astrocytes (GFAP). This report presents descriptions of the responses of the brains to the toxin exposure in regard to cell loss and other changes in the neocortex and hippocampus. The brain sections were immunohistochemically studied using antibodies both to neurofilament and phosphorylated neurofilament proteins. The three AlF3 groups did not differ from each other in overall brain Al content, but all treated groups had about twice the Al levels as did the control group. There were significant reductions in the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the AlF3 treated groups. In addition the cells of the hippocampal formation appeared disorganized and many cells in all subdivisions stained excessively for Nissl-like proteins and that may reflect cellular dysfunction. Cells in the outer layers of the neocortex of the AlF3 groups exhibited darker Nissl staining and were more argentophilic than cells in similar areas from brains of the controls. These intracellular accumulations were not associated with increases in either phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated protein. Reduced numbers of cells evidencing neurofilament reaction product were found selectively in neocortical layer 4. There were large numbers of GFAP-positive cells in the brains of rats from all groups but the number of reactive cells was not greater in the treated animals than in the controls. C1 SUNY,DEPT CHEM,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP VARNER, JA (reprint author), SUNY,DEPT PSYCHOL,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0893-6609 J9 NEUROSCI RES COMMUN JI Neurosci. Res. Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA LZ952 UT WOS:A1993LZ95200005 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, JH SPENCER, CO SKELTON, RW STANTON, ME AF FREEMAN, JH SPENCER, CO SKELTON, RW STANTON, ME TI ONTOGENY OF EYEBLINK CONDITIONING IN THE RAT - EFFECTS OF US INTENSITY AND INTERSTIMULUS-INTERVAL ON DELAY CONDITIONING SO PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUISITION; RETENTION; RESPONSES; AGE AB Eyeblink conditioning in rat pups (17 or 24 days of age) was examined in two experiments, as a function of US intensity (Experiment 1) and interstimulus interval ([ISI] Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, pups received three sessions of delay conditioning with a tone CS (380 msec, 2.8 kHz, 90 dB [SPL]) and either a 1- or a 3-mA periocular shock US. Rats trained on Day 24 showed conditioning that increased as a function of US intensity. Pups trained on Day 17 did not condition with either US intensity level. Experiment 2 examined the effects of conditioning with ISIs of 280, 560, 1,120, or 1,960 msec. Pups trained on PND24 showed a decrement in acquisition with ISIs longer than 280 msec. Seventeen-day-old pups were not conditioned at any of the ISIs used. The results indicate that the age-related development of eyeblink conditioning (Stanton, Freeman, & Skelton, 1992) is not altered under these parametric conditions. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV VICTORIA,VICTORIA V8W 2Y2,BC,CANADA. RI Skelton, Ronald/E-5605-2012 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 SN 0889-6313 J9 PSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Psychobiology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA LX433 UT WOS:A1993LX43300009 ER PT J AU WHITFORD, WG AF WHITFORD, WG TI ANIMAL FEEDBACKS IN DESERTIFICATION - AN OVERVIEW SO REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DESERTIFICATION : A LANDSCAPE-ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1991 CL UNIV LA SERENA, LA SERENA, CHILE SP NATL SCI FDN, UNIV LA SERENA HO UNIV LA SERENA DE ANIMAL EFFECTS; DESERTIFICATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOIL HETEROGENEITY; SOIL NUTRIENTS; RESOURCE PATCHES AB The role of animals as producers of patches that increase heterogeneity of soil resources ir examined in relation to a conceptual model of desertification that focuses on change in relative homogeneity or heterogeneity in soil resources as the primary process in desertification. Examples of animal produced soil parches in the Chihuahuan Desert in North America include relatively large, persistent, nutrient enriched mounds of the large heteromyid rodent (Dipodomys spectabilis), cache pits produced by seed eating rodents, nests of seed harvesting ants and nests of other ant species. Desertification has resulted in changes in densities and species composition of animals that produce soil patches. Animal produced soil patches frequently differ in chemical composition and physical properties that affect water and nutrient availability. The spatial distribution of animal produced soil patches contributes to the concentration of resources in tho shrub ''islands'' that characterize much of the desertified landscape in the Chihuahuan Desert. Examples of animal produced soil patches in other semi-arid ecosystems are discussed in relation to their potential feedbacks in the desertification process. RP WHITFORD, WG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC BIOL CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 14164 CORREO, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-078X J9 REV CHIL HIST NAT JI Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MF750 UT WOS:A1993MF75000003 ER PT J AU WAI, CM LIN, YH BRAUER, R WANG, SF BECKERT, WF AF WAI, CM LIN, YH BRAUER, R WANG, SF BECKERT, WF TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MERCURY FROM SOLID MATERIALS SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID BIS(TRIFLUOROETHYL)DITHIOCARBAMATE CHELATION; METAL-IONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZATION; SEPARATION; ANTIMONY AB Mercuric ions (Hg2+) can be extracted from solid samples (cellulose matrix) using methanol modified supercritical CO2 containing the fluorinated chelating agent lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate (LiFDDC). Methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl) and dimethylmercury [(CH3)2Hg] can be extracted by supercritical CO2 without chelating agent and modifier. The solubility of Hg(FDDC)2 in supercritical CO2 has been determined to be 5 x 10(-3) M at 50-degrees-C and 150 atm, which is about 3 orders of magnitude greater than that of the non-fluorinated analogue Hg(DDC)2. Use of methanol (5%)-modified CO2 further enhances the solubility of Hg(FDDC)2 by a factor of 2.4. A small amount of water added to the sample matrix tends to facilitate the extraction of Hg(FDDC)2 and CH3HgCl. Potential applications of this in situ chelation-supercritical fluid extraction method for the preconcentration of mercury species and treatment of mercury contaminated wastes are discussed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. RP WAI, CM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 18 TC 105 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD SEP PY 1993 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(93)80205-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LU756 UT WOS:A1993LU75600003 PM 18965785 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ LOGSDON, T GRAY, JA AF KAVLOCK, RJ LOGSDON, T GRAY, JA TI FETAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RAT FOLLOWING DISRUPTION OF MATERNAL RENAL-FUNCTION DURING PREGNANCY SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; TOXICITY; TERATOGENICITY; MALFORMATIONS; MOUSE; RABBITS; MICE AB Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of mercuric chloride (1-4 mg/kg) on either gestation day 7, 9, 11, or 13 to determine effects of altered maternal renal function on embryonic and fetal development. Maternal renal function, assessed by urinanalysis, was markedly disrupted for at least 48 hours after treatment and resulted in decreased maternal body weight gain. Residual effects on maternal kidney weight were evident on GD 21 when the females were killed and the fetuses removed and examined for visceral and skeletal development. We did not observe an increased incidence of malformations in the offspring for exposure on any day of gestation. Maternal exposure to mercuric chloride slightly impaired fetal growth over several gestational exposures periods and changed the pattern of rib formation when exposure occurred early in organogenesis. The extent of the changes could not, however, be related to the immediate degree or duration of altered maternal renal function. Rather, we found correlations between lasting effects of exposure as measured by maternal renal weight on GD 21 and supernumerary lumbar rib induction on GD 7 and 9; while for the relationship with fetal weight, the strongest correlation with maternal kidney weight occurred following exposure on GD 9 (P<0.01), with weaker correlations (P<0.10) for GD 7 and 13 exposures. Maternal serum urea was negatively correlated with fetal weight from the GD 7 exposure. This study supports the concept that some specific forms of maternal toxicity may be associated with limited manifestations of developmental toxicity, but, in general, embryonic development was observed to proceed normally in the presence of marked disruptions in maternal renal physiology. Maternal toxicity, especially as routinely measured in developmental toxicity studies, cannot be looked upon as a single disease. Instead, each manifestation must be examined for what it signifies to the physiology and well being of the female and for cause-and-effect relationships with fetal observations. Maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity should not be etiologically linked solely because of their concurrent appearance on the dose-response curve. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480308 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LV519 UT WOS:A1993LV51900007 PM 8248862 ER PT J AU CUFF, JM KIMMEL, GL HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N CHEN, J KIMMEL, CA AF CUFF, JM KIMMEL, GL HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N CHEN, J KIMMEL, CA TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABNORMAL SOMITE DEVELOPMENT AND AXIAL SKELETAL DEFECTS IN RATS FOLLOWING HEAT EXPOSURE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICK-EMBRYO; SEGMENTAL ANOMALIES; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; SHOCK; HYPERTHERMIA; CELLS AB The effects of in vivo heat exposure on gestation day (GD) 10 rat embryos were evaluated on GD 11 to determine the relationships between morphological sequelae following in vivo and in vitro exposures and between effects detected on GD 11 and those observed in postnatal day (PND) 3 pups. Anesthetized rats were exposed to 42-degrees-C in a warm air incubator until their rectal temperatures reached 41-degrees-C or until a rectal temperature of 42-42.5-degrees-C had been maintained for 5 minutes. Heat-exposed embryos exhibited a significant decrease in growth parameters including head length, somite number, and protein content/embryo versus controls. These changes correlated well with in vitro effects from an earlier study (G.L. Kimmel et al., '93). Among the morphological endpoints which were slightly delayed in development were the caudal neural tube, branchial bars, forelimb and hindlimb. The only effect on the embryos that could not be explained as a transient delay in development induced by heat was the induction of unsegmented somites. Additional embryos were exposed to 42-degrees-C for 15-20 min in vitro and examined specifically for unsegmented somites, which were observed in 47% of embryos exposed to 42-degrees-C in vivo or in vitro. This phenomenon was observed in somites 9-20, i.e., those that give rise to cervical and thoracic vertebrae and ribs. These results correlated well with the axial skeletal malformations observed in PND 3 pups exposed to the same heat treatment (C.A. Kimmel et al., '93). (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH RD689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. THIEL COLL,DEPT BIOL,GREENVILLE,PA 16125. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV BIOMETR SCI,STAT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,DIV LIFE SCI,HLTH SCI BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. BIOCON INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480309 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LV519 UT WOS:A1993LV51900008 PM 8248863 ER PT J AU KING, LC LEWTAS, J AF KING, LC LEWTAS, J TI AN EVALUATION OF THE COMPARATIVE METABOLISM AND KINETICS OF 1-NITROPYRENE BY RABBIT, RAT, AND HAMSTER TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NEWBORN MOUSE ASSAY; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; RESPIRATORY TISSUES; C-14 1-NITROPYRENE; PARTICULATE MATTER; COVALENT BINDING; ADDUCT FORMATION; DNA-BINDING; MUTAGENICITY RP KING, LC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1182 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LY074 UT WOS:A1993LY07400018 PM 8378929 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, YB COULBERSON, SL PHELPS, J AF ANDERSON, YB COULBERSON, SL PHELPS, J TI OVERVIEW OF THE EPA NIEHS/ATSDR WORKSHOP - EQUITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH - RESEARCH ISSUES AND NEEDS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; WORKSHOP OVERVIEW C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ANDERSON, YB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-5,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 679 EP 683 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400002 PM 8184440 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K OLDEN, K JOHNSON, BL AF SEXTON, K OLDEN, K JOHNSON, BL TI ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE - THE CENTRAL ROLE OF RESEARCH IN ESTABLISHING A CREDIBLE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION FOR INFORMED DECISION-MAKING SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ID CANCER INCIDENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; BLACKS AB Although much of the evidence is anecdotal and circumstantial, there are mounting concerns that environmental health risks are borne disproportionately by members of the population who are poor and nonwhite. We examine the central role of environmental health research in defining the dimensions of the problem, understanding its causes, and identifying solutions. Environmental health sciences, including epidemiology, exposure analysis, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and surveillance monitoring, must be employed to determine the extent to which society has achieved ''equity'' and ''justice'' in safeguarding the health and safety of its citizens. By improving our ability to identify, evaluate, prevent, and/or reduce risks for all members of society, environmental health research can contribute directly to fair and equitable protection for everyone, regardless of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or socioeconomic status. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 97 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 685 EP 727 PG 43 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400003 PM 8184441 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K GONG, H BAILAR, JC FORD, JG GOLD, DR LAMBERT, WE UTELL, MJ AF SEXTON, K GONG, H BAILAR, JC FORD, JG GOLD, DR LAMBERT, WE UTELL, MJ TI AIR-POLLUTION HEALTH RISKS - DO CLASS AND RACE MATTER SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE AIR POLLUTION RISKS; DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; EXPOSURE DIFFERENTIALS ID UNITED-STATES; LUNG-FUNCTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CANCER INCIDENCE; INNER-CITY; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; WHITE-CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB Air pollution is not spread evenly across demographic groups. Exposures and associated health risks appear to fall disproportionately on populations that are poor and nonwhite. Although scientific evidence documenting disparities in air pollution exposures, doses, and health effects is scant, the available data strongly support the contention that disadvantaged groups, many of whom are ethnic and racial minorities, routinely encounter levels of air pollution that are higher than average. The extent to which exposure differentials contribute to observed differences in health status by class and race is unknown, but worthy of further investigation. We recommend several steps, all of them feasible and most of them relatively inexpensive, to improve our understanding and ability to address environmental health disparities. C1 RANCHO LOS AMIGOS MED CTR,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,DOWNEY,CA. MCGILL UNIV,FAC MED,MONTREAL H3A 2T5,QUEBEC,CANADA. COLUMBIA UNIV,HARLEM HOSP,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10027. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV NEW MEXICO,NEW MEXICO TUMOR REGISTRY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,PULM DIS UNIT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [K07ESOO220] NR 130 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 12 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 843 EP 879 PG 37 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400008 PM 8184446 ER PT J AU CALDERON, RL JOHNSON, CC CRAUN, GF DUFOUR, AP KARLIN, RJ SINKS, T VALENTINE, JL AF CALDERON, RL JOHNSON, CC CRAUN, GF DUFOUR, AP KARLIN, RJ SINKS, T VALENTINE, JL TI HEALTH RISKS FROM CONTAMINATED WATER - DO CLASS AND RACE MATTER SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; WATER ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; WHITES AB The impact of contaminants in water on minorities and economically disadvantaged persons was reviewed Environmental legislation governing water was summarized as background information against which relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of the available information was anecdotal or case study and did not lend itself to making quantitative comparisons or analyses. However, the data did present certain trends that led to the conclusion that inequities concerning exposure to contaminants in water may exist. The following recommendations were made: current data bases should be analyzed and new data bases created to facilitate assessments of exposure to waterborne contaminants to all populations, an analysis of populations not covered by the Safe Drinking Water Act should be undertaken; a survey should be conducted of the drinking water infrastructure and the results evaluated to identify any impacts to minorities and economically disadvantaged persons; the social, cultural and economic characteristics that influence human exposure to waterborne contaminants need to be identified, and better educational and community outreach programs need to be developed and implemented C1 US PHS, BETHESDA, MD USA. GLOBAL CONSULTING ENVIRONM HLTH, RADFORD, VA USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. AWWA RES FDN, DENVER, CO USA. CTR DIS, CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. RP CALDERON, RL (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 879 EP 900 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400009 PM 8184447 ER PT J AU MOSES, M JOHNSON, ES ANGER, WK BURSE, VW HORSTMAN, SW JACKSON, RJ LEWIS, RG MADDY, KT MCCONNELL, R MEGGS, WJ ZAHM, SH AF MOSES, M JOHNSON, ES ANGER, WK BURSE, VW HORSTMAN, SW JACKSON, RJ LEWIS, RG MADDY, KT MCCONNELL, R MEGGS, WJ ZAHM, SH TI ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE AGRICULTURE; CANCER; NEUROLOGICAL; PESTICIDES; RACE; REPRODUCTIVE ID NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES; NEURO-BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; METHYL-BROMIDE; TESTICULAR CANCER; BIRTH-DEFECTS AB Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV KENTUCKY,ALBERT B CHANDLER MED CTR,SCH MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CALIF DEPT PESTICIDE REGULAT,SACRAMENTO,CA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CLIN TOXICOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP MOSES, M (reprint author), MIGRANT FARMWORKER HLTH STUDY,POB 420870,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94142, USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 233 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 15 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 913 EP 959 PG 47 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400011 PM 8184449 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K ANDERSON, YB AF SEXTON, K ANDERSON, YB TI FOREWORD SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP R6 EP R6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400001 ER PT J AU SAILSTAD, DM TEPPER, JS DOERFLER, DL SELGRADE, MK AF SAILSTAD, DM TEPPER, JS DOERFLER, DL SELGRADE, MK TI EVALUATION OF SEVERAL VARIATIONS OF THE MOUSE EAR SWELLING TEST (MEST) FOR DETECTION OF WEAK AND MODERATE CONTACT SENSITIZERS SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; MOUSE EAR SWELLING TEST (MEST); VITAMIN A-ENRICHED DIET; MOUSE; CONTACT SENSITIZERS ID VITAMIN-A ACETATE; HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSE; MICE; ASSAY; DIET AB The ability of a chemical to cause contact sensitization has traditionally been evaluated in animal models typically using the guinea pig. However, these methods are expensive and require subjective analysis of erythema, which makes evaluation of dyes difficult. The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) is a more quantitative and less costly method, but it has not always been reliable for the detection of moderate and weak sensitizers. To identify a MEST that can reliably detect weak sensitizers, several published MEST procedures were examined using the strong sensitizer 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and three weaker sensitizers, glutaraldehyde, formalin, and an azo dye (Solvent Red 1 [SR 1 ]). Almost all variations of the MEST procedures detected the strong sensitizer (DNFB) after optimizing the chemical concentration and sensitizing procedure; however, only one protocol detected the weaker sensitizers, glutaraldehyde, formalin, and SR1. This sensitive MEST protocol required test animals to be fed a vitamin A-supplemented diet for 4 weeks prior to sensitization. We concluded that the use of a vitamin A diet with the MEST proved to be the best procedure to enhance the sensitivity and detection of weak sensitizers. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SAILSTAD, DM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.3109/15376519309044574 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LU600 UT WOS:A1993LU60000003 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP ALI, JS BAILEY, EB AF WATKINSON, WP ALI, JS BAILEY, EB TI A SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE HEART-RATE MONITOR AND ARRHYTHMIA DETECTOR FOR USE IN TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE HEART RATE; ARRHYTHMIA; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; CARDIOVASCULAR; TOXICOLOGY; MONITOR ID CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS; POSTWEANLING RAT; CHLORDIMEFORM; TEMPERATURE AB Many toxic agents have been reported to produce acute, adverse effects on cardiac function. Often these data are missing from toxicological studies because of the difficulty and expense of monitoring cardiac parameters. We have developed a simple, inexpensive heart rate monitor (HRM) capable of continuously quantitating and displaying steady-state heart rate (HR) while simultaneously detecting the occurrence of arrhythmic events. This device incorporates many operator-selectable features designed to promote maximum versatility and use with a number of animal species over a variety of experimental conditions. The HR is computed from the electrocardiogram (ECG), using the reciprocal of the analog integration of the R-R interval. Adjustable trigger level and input polarity controls are provided to optimize compatibility with the ECG signal. A high-pass filter is employed to accommodate minor excursions in the signal baseline, and a precision rate generator is incorporated for calibration purposes. The HRM can accurately measure HRs over a range of 60-800 beats/min. Arrhythmias are detected using an analog circuit technique that compares ECG cycle lengths to determine the relative change between consecutive ECG complexes. This device can be readily constructed from the circuit diagram and costs <$500.00 to build. It should prove to be a useful adjunct to toxicological and pharmacological studies. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP WATKINSON, WP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.3109/15376519309044577 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LU600 UT WOS:A1993LU60000006 ER PT J AU WEBER, JA CLARK, CS HOGSETT, WE AF WEBER, JA CLARK, CS HOGSETT, WE TI ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG O-3 UPTAKE, CONDUCTANCE, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NEEDLES OF PINUS-PONDEROSA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUMULATIVE UPTAKE; FLUCTUATING OZONE CONCENTRATION; GAS EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL LIMITATION AB We studied.the effects of O3 uptake on conductance (g(wv)) and photosynthesis (A) in needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings exposed for 70 days to one of three O3 regimes-Low-O3 (0.1 mumol mol-1 daily peak), High-O3 (0.2 mumol mol-1 daily peak), and Low/High-O3 (alternating 2 days Low-O3 and 2 days High-O3). Seedlings exposed to charcoal-filtered air served as controls. Total O3 exposures, expressed as ppm-h (the sum of the average hourly concentration in ppm (mumol mol-1) over die exposure period), were 77, 135, 105 and 4 for the Low-O3, High-O3, Low/High-O3 and control treatments, respectively. Conductance (g(wv)) declined to about 60% of the value in control seedlings by Day 6 in seedlings in the High-O3 treatment and by Day 37 in seedlings in the Low/High-O3 treatment, but g(wv) did not decline at all in seedlings in the Low-O3 treatment. At the end of the 70-day experiment, cumulative O3 uptake, calculated from measured g(wv) values and assuming an internal O3 concentration of zero, was 12.2, 13.5, and 14.7 mmol m-2 for seedlings in the Low-O3, Low/High-O3, and High-O3 treatments, respectively; however, O3 uptake was reduced by 0, 24, and 36%, respectively, from that expected if there had been no decline in g(wv) With increasing total O3 exposure, A declined, but the reduction was riot strictly cumulative, i.e., A measured on Days 49 and 70 was similar for a given treatment even though both total O3 exposure and uptake had increased. At the end of the experiment, A at near saturating CO2 (1000 mumol mol-1) and saturating photosynthetic photon flux density was reduced by about 25, 40 and 50% in seedlings in the Low-O3, Low/High-O3 and High-O3 treatments, respectively, compared to the control seedlings. The ratio of internal to external CO2 concentrations, an indicator of relative change in stomatal limitation of A, did not change over time and did not differ among treatments, suggesting that A and g(wv) decreased in parallel. After 40-60 days without O3, A of seedlings in all O3 treatments was not significantly different. Our data indicate that O3-induced stomatal closure was a result of reduced A and that decreased g(wv) reduced O3 uptake to a rate that needles of ponderosa pine could tolerate without exhibiting further reductions in gas exchange capacity. RP WEBER, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 46 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 157 EP 172 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LW962 UT WOS:A1993LW96200005 ER PT J AU BENOIT, DA PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT AF BENOIT, DA PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT TI A SEDIMENT TESTING INTERMITTENT RENEWAL SYSTEM FOR THE AUTOMATED RENEWAL OF OVERLYING WATER IN TOXICITY TESTS WITH CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EQUIPMENT; INVERTEBRATE; WATER; RENEWAL; SEDIMENT; STIR SYSTEM; TOXICITY AB A sediment testing intermittent renewal (STIR) system (stationary or portable) for invertebrate toxicity testing with contaminated sediments has been successfully developed and thoroughly tested at ERL-Duluth. Both the stationary and portable systems enable the maintenance of acceptable water quality (e.g. DO) through the capability of automatically renewing overlying water in sediment tests at rates ranging from 1 to 21 volume renewals/day. The STIR system not only significantly reduces the labor associated with renewal of overlying water but also affords a gentle exchange of water that results in virtually no sediment resuspension. Both systems can also be installed in a compact vented enclosure to permit safe testing of hazardous contaminated sediments. To date the STIR system has been used extensively for conducting 10-day bulk sediment tests with Chironomus tentans, Hyalella azteca and Lumbriculus variegatus. RP US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH, 6201 CONGDON BLVD, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1403 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90020-I PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LK342 UT WOS:A1993LK34200001 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M LOGSDON, TR MOLE, LM KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM AF ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M LOGSDON, TR MOLE, LM KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF METHANOL IN WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY WITH MOUSE AND RAT EMBRYOS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METHANOL; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RAT EMBRYO CULTURE; MOUSE EMBRYO CULTURE; IN-VITRO ID ORGANOGENESIS; FORMATE AB Methanol (MeOH), a widely used industrial solvent, has been proposed as an alternative motor vehicle fuel. Inhaled MeOH is developmentally toxic in both rats and mice but the mouse is more sensitive than is the rat. The contribution of the embryo to this differential sensitivity was studied in whole embryo culture (WEC) using equivalent stage rat (day 9) and mouse (day 8) embryos (plug day = day 0). Rat embryos were explanted and cultured in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 or 16 mg MeOH/ml rat serum for 24 h and then transferred to rat serum alone for 24 h. Embryonic development of the 2 and 4 mg MeOH/ml groups was not significantly different from the controls whereas the higher concentrations resulted in a concentration related decrease in somite number, head length and developmental score. The 12 mg/ml dose resulted in some embryolethality as well as dysmorphogenesis, while the highest dose was embryolethal. MeOH was dysmorphogenic in vitro in rat embryos at a MeOH concentration comparable to that reported in maternal serum following teratogenic in vivo exposures. Day 8 mouse embryos were explanted and cultured in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 mg MeOH/ml culture medium (75% rat serum, 25% Tyrode's salt solution) for 24 h. Embryonic development in the 2 mg/ml MeOH group was not significantly different from the controls but all higher concentration groups bad a significant decrease in developmental score and crown-rump length. The high concentration group also suffered 80% embryolethality. Thus, mouse embryos were affected at MeOH concentrations which were not dysmorphogenic or embryotoxic in the rat, suggesting that the higher sensitivity of the mouse to the developmental toxicity of inhaled methanol is due, at least in part, to greater intrinsic embryonal sensitivity of this species to methanol. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 27 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90013-I PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LX061 UT WOS:A1993LX06100005 PM 8212026 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB GRAY, LE ANDREWS, JE LUEBKE, RW SMIALOWICZ, RJ AF MILLER, DB GRAY, LE ANDREWS, JE LUEBKE, RW SMIALOWICZ, RJ TI REPEATED EXPOSURE TO THE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (AROCLOR-1254) ELEVATES THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE BUT DOES NOT AFFECT THE STRESS-INDUCED RISE SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYHALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; AROCLOR-1254; CORTICOSTERONE; STRESS; ADRENAL; RAT; FISCHER-344 ID MECHANISM; PCBS; RATS AB Previous studies indicate that repeated exposure of weanling male Fischer 344 rats to Aroclor can cause immune system alterations but the pattern of effects suggested the release of corticosteroids may have played a role. Rats were exposed daily by gastric intubation to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 at 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 25 mg/kg for exposure durations of 5, 10 or 15 weeks. By the ]5th week of dosing all groups displayed an elevation in the basal level of serum corticosterone but no change in adrenal weight. Fur-ther, rats exposed to Aroclor 1254 for 15 weeks and subjected to stress prior to serum collection displayed elevations in corticosterone levels equivalent to stressed control rats. The failure to observe altered adrenal structure indicative of hyperactivity in the presence of increased serum levels of corticosterone suggest these basal increases may be indirect rather than direct effects of Aroclor 1254. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B RTP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 27 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90014-J PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LX061 UT WOS:A1993LX06100006 PM 8212027 ER PT J AU PAPA, LR AF PAPA, LR TI BERYLLIUM - TOXICITY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 11 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100888 ER PT J AU GIBB, HJ AF GIBB, HJ TI CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF INGESTED ARSENIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 13 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100890 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, KW SORENSEN, JA GLASS, GE AF SCHMIDT, KW SORENSEN, JA GLASS, GE TI ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MERCURY MEASUREMENTS USING CVAAS - METHODOLOGICAL VARIATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL SCI & ENGN,DULUTH,MN 55812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 19 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101387 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EXPERT-SYSTEMS FOR MASS-SPECTRA USING THE NIST EPA MSDC DATABASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,AREAL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 27 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100949 ER PT J AU SEIDEL, JL WILLS, CG AF SEIDEL, JL WILLS, CG TI ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY NETI-WEST FACILITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NEIC,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 51 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100678 ER PT J AU TELLIARD, WA AF TELLIARD, WA TI A PRAGMATIC LOOK AT DETECTION LIMITS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,ENGN & ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 68 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101436 ER PT J AU BATHIJA, BL AF BATHIJA, BL TI ALTERNATE APPROACHES TO DEFINING DETECTION AND QUANTITATION IN DRINKING-WATER STANDARD-SETTING PROCESS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 69 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101437 ER PT J AU CARREIRA, LA HILAL, SH MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW AF CARREIRA, LA HILAL, SH MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW TI ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY PARAMETERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GRP,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 75 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101328 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI ENERGY AND MASS-BALANCE CALCULATIONS FOR INCINERATORS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 75 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101591 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JL NOVOGRADAC, K SULLINS, T TODD, C DELGADO, MC WOLFE, NL AF ANDERSON, JL NOVOGRADAC, K SULLINS, T TODD, C DELGADO, MC WOLFE, NL TI ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REDOX CHEMISTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. TAI INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 76 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100412 ER PT J AU CARREIRA, LA HILAL, SH MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW AF CARREIRA, LA HILAL, SH MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW TI USING SPARC TO CALCULATE CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GRP,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 77 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100413 ER PT J AU ANASTAS, PT AF ANASTAS, PT TI POLLUTION PREVENTION THROUGH ALTERNATE SYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AT THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 93 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101461 ER PT J AU PODALL, HE ANASTAS, PT FARRIS, CA AF PODALL, HE ANASTAS, PT FARRIS, CA TI ALTERNATE SYNTHESES AND OTHER SOURCE REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES FOR PREMANUFACTURE NOTIFICATION SUBSTANCES AT THE US-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 98 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101466 ER PT J AU NIES, JD ANASTAS, PT DEVITO, SC AF NIES, JD ANASTAS, PT DEVITO, SC TI COMPUTER-ASSISTED ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC DESIGN FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION INITIATIVES AT THE US-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DYNAMAC CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 99 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101467 ER PT J AU REED, PA AF REED, PA TI PHILOSOPHY AND ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION OF PESTICIDE STATE MANAGEMENT PLANS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CHICAGO,IL 60604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 160 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100330 ER PT J AU ECKL, PM ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L JIRTLE, RL AF ECKL, PM ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L JIRTLE, RL TI AQUATIC GENOTOXICITY TESTING WITH RAT HEPATOCYTES IN PRIMARY CULTURE .1. SCE INDUCTION SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; HEPATOCYTES; EFFLUENT WATER ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; MUTAGENS-CARCINOGENS; PUGET-SOUND; LIVER; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; PROLIFERATION; REGENERATION; PERSISTENCE; ACTIVATION AB Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were tested for their suitability to assess the genotoxic potential of effluent water samples by means of sister chromatid exchange induction. The results obtained with a variety of industrial effluents indicate a high sensitivity of this system since significantly elevated levels of SCE could be demonstrated in the undiluted sample and dilutions down to concentrations of 0.01%. However, the results also showed that the sole examination of an undiluted sample can lead to misinterpretations due to the shape of the dose response curves; in the worst case no genotoxic effect will be found although the sample has both toxic and genotoxic activity. Therefore, to assess the potential genotoxicity, it will be necessary to determine SCE induction with several dilutions of the effluents under investigation. C1 US EPA,DIV WATER MANAGEMENT,ATLANTA,GA. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP ECKL, PM (reprint author), SALZBURG UNIV,DIV GENET & DEV BIOL,A-5020 SALZBURG,AUSTRIA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA25951, CA40172, CA30241] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90301-L PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW523 UT WOS:A1993LW52300010 PM 8211105 ER PT J AU GENTHNER, FJ FOSS, SS CAMPBELL, RP FOURNIE, JW AF GENTHNER, FJ FOSS, SS CAMPBELL, RP FOURNIE, JW TI FATE AND SURVIVAL OF MICROBIAL PEST-CONTROL AGENTS IN NONTARGET AQUATIC ORGANISMS SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article ID CRASSOSTREA-COMMERCIALIS; OYSTERS; DEPURATION; SEAWATER; GULF AB A fully enclosed test system was developed both to assess potential adverse effects of microbial pest control agents on nontarget aquatic invertebrates and to monitor their fate and survival. Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica were exposed to various microbial pest control agents including the vegetative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, bacterial spores of Bacillus sphaericus, and fungal spores of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. After an exposure of 3 d for the fungus, 14 d f or the bacterial spores, and 7 d f or the vegetative bacterial cells, half the oysters were placed into a fully enclosed 60 1 aquarium equipped with a recirculating water system which passed water through an ultraviolet-irradiation sterilizer at a rate of 11 min-1. The remaining oysters were placed into wire cages maintained in Santa Rosa Sound, Pensacola, Florida, USA. Plate counts, performed on homogenized oyster tissues, revealed that all of the microbial pest control agents were found in oysters after exposure. Oysters depurated each microorganism at a different rate. None of the agents colonized the oysters. For all microbes tested, rates of clearance from the oysters in the enclosed UV light depuration system were similar to rates of clearance from the oysters in Santa Rosa Sound. Histological examination of oyster tissues detected P fluorescens and B. sphaericus in the gut and C. gloeosporioides in the gill. Spore germination was not observed and no apparent signs of infectivity or pathogenicity were detected. C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP GENTHNER, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 5 PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.3354/dao016157 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA LZ406 UT WOS:A1993LZ40600011 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z LESSMANN, RC AF MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z LESSMANN, RC TI FLUID-DYNAMICS OF THE HUMAN LARYNX AND UPPER TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AIRWAYS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-FLOW RELATIONSHIPS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; AEROSOL; PATTERNS; TREE; CASTS; MODELS AB The deposition sites of inhaled particles must be known to (1) promote therapeutic effects of airborne pharmacologic drugs via targeted delivery and (2) improve risk assessments of ambient contaminants. Because particle trajectories are affected by the motion of an entraining fluid, it is important to determine the character of an inhaled airstream. In this report, an original theory is presented for the simulation of laryngeal and tracheobronchial fluid dynamics. The mathematical model describes conditions in such respiratory tract airways of adult human subjects under various breathing conditions. The data describing fluid dynamics patterns are presented in two formats: graphical displays of mean streamlines and color illustrations of velocity distributions. In the defined airway system, fluid dynamics patterns are heterogeneous. Conditions within the larynx are especially complex, encompassing localized eddies, and a jet formed at the vocal folds. Moreover, the data indicate that the larynx exerts a pronounced influence on flows in distal airways. Fluid motion in the trachea and main bronchi include convective core flows with countercurrents along airway walls. The effects of these flow patterns may be to promote particle deposition at select sites within the larynx and tracheobronchial airways. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 62 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1080/02786829308959627 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LP329 UT WOS:A1993LP32900003 ER PT J AU HAINES, JR COVERT, TC RANKIN, CC AF HAINES, JR COVERT, TC RANKIN, CC TI EVALUATION OF INDOXYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE AS A CHROMOGEN IN MEDIA SPECIFIC FOR ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENUMERATION; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronide (indoxyl) was evaluated as a specific chromogen for detection of Escherichia coli by the membrane filter method. In all, 413 colonies were tested from the indoxyl-supplemented media, yielding 93.3% confirmation, as E. coli. Compared with the indoxyl medium, other media gave either much lower recovery with high verification or equal recovery with poor verification. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HAINES, JR (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2758 EP 2759 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500068 PM 8368860 ER PT J AU COFER, WR LEVINE, JS WINSTEAD, EL STOCKS, BJ CAHOON, DR PINTO, JP AF COFER, WR LEVINE, JS WINSTEAD, EL STOCKS, BJ CAHOON, DR PINTO, JP TI TRACE GAS EMISSIONS FROM TROPICAL BIOMASS FIRES - YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS BURNING; EMISSION FROM BURNING; TROPICAL BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS FROM BIOMASS FIRES; CARBON EMISSIONS FROM TROPICAL BURNING; EMISSION RATIOS ID BOREAL FOREST FIRES; NITROUS-OXIDE; OZONE; HYDROCARBON; AEROSOL; METHANE; CYCLES; CARBON; TRENDS AB Mixing ratios for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H-2), methane (CH4) and total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHC) were determined from the smoke plumes of two small (approximately 0.25 ha) prescribed biomass fires conducted on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. In the region of these fires the combination of climate and shallow soils produces a scrubby and stunted forest with species composition similar to the Brazilian rain forest, but at a noticeably reduced size. Aircraft collections of smoke from these fires were analysed and used to determine CO2-normalized emission ratios (DELTAX/DELTACO2; v/v; where DELTA = in-plume specie concentration less background concentration) for CO, H-2, CH4 and TNMHC produced and released into the atmosphere from these fires. Surprisingly, high mean emission ratios for TNMHCs (approximately 1.7% of CO2 release) and H-2 (approximately 2.5% of CO2) were determined. Emission ratios for CO (approximately 7%) and CH4 (approximately 0.7%), however, were found to fall within expected bounds. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA 23666. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. GREAT LAKES FORESTRY CTR,SAULT ST MARIE P6A 5M7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP COFER, WR (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1903 EP 1907 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90295-A PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LX597 UT WOS:A1993LX59700012 ER PT J AU MCELROY, JL SMITH, TB AF MCELROY, JL SMITH, TB TI CREATION AND FATE OF OZONE LAYERS ALOFT IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE OZONE DISTRIBUTIONS; LAYERS ALOFT; SCAQS; LIDAR; AIR QUALITY; SEABREEZE ID COAST AIR BASIN; LOS-ANGELES; LIDAR AB Data obtained during the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) were used to examine the creation and fate of ozone layers aloft. The ultimate objective was to estimate the potential impact of the layers on surface ozone concentrations. The smog episode of 13-15 July 1987 formed the basis for a case study. Several ozone layers aloft were created over the northern part of the Los Angeles Basin (e.g. over El Monte) during the day on 13 July. These layers were attributed to the action of slope flows (including convergence), convective elements transported into the inversion layer and undercutting by the seabreeze flow. A peak value of 34 pphm was observed aloft in one of the layers. The principal layers aloft were still present intact over the northern part of the Basin on the morning of 14 July. Their movement eastward (from areas in the vicinity of El Monte and Upland) was estimated by trajectory and isentropic analysis. The results indicated that a likely impact area of the ozone layer aloft near Upland during the day of the 14th was near San Bernardino. The ozone layer above El Monte on the morning of 14 July appears to have been incorporated into the mixed layer near or to the southeast of Riverside. A maximum ozone impact of 3-4 pphm was estimated although a portion of this impact was probably due to an overnight reservoir of surface-based precursors of ozone. C1 TB SMITH & ASSOC INC,PASADENA,CA 91103. RP MCELROY, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1917 EP 1929 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90297-C PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LX597 UT WOS:A1993LX59700014 ER PT J AU MAYER, FL WOODWARD, DF ADAMS, WJ AF MAYER, FL WOODWARD, DF ADAMS, WJ TI CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PYDRAUL-50E TO LAKE TROUT SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,JACKSON,WY 83001. ABC LABS INC,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP MAYER, FL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 51 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LF933 UT WOS:A1993LF93300018 PM 8353394 ER PT J AU HOLDER, JW ELMORE, E BARRETT, JC AF HOLDER, JW ELMORE, E BARRETT, JC TI GAP JUNCTION FUNCTION AND CANCER SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INTER-CELLULAR COMMUNICATION; LIVER-TUMOR PROMOTERS; EARLY MOUSE EMBRYOS; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; RAT-LIVER; METABOLIC COOPERATION; MEDIATED INHIBITION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EPIDERMAL-CELLS AB Gap junctions (GJs) provide cell-to-cell communication of essential metabolites and ions. GJs allow tissues to average responses, clear waste products, and minimize the effects of xenobiotics by dilution and allowing steady-state catabolism. Many chemicals can adversely affect the membrane GJ assembly causing reversible alterations in GJ intercellular communication. During toxicity essential metabolites, ions, and regulators are not shared homeostatically throughout a tissue community. Alterations in metabolic circuits are thought to interrupt organ integration. Persistent GJ perturbation can cause chronic effects (e.g., cancer), and many tumor promoters inhibit GJ intercellular communication. Liver precancerous foci intracommunicate (but at a reduced level) and intercommunicate improperly (or not at all) across the foci boundary to normal cells. In time, foci can become less regulated and more isolated within the tissue. Gjs remain reduced quantitatively in the tumor progression stage and may be qualitatively altered in metastasis since connections are made between the primary tumor cells and foreign host cells at the secondary metastatic site. Cell sorting and binding mechanisms by the cell adhesion molecules and integrins may also be altered at secondary sites. This may allow the relocation of primary tumor cells and nurturance via GJs at the secondary site. C1 NATL INST ADV INVITRO SCI,IRVINE,CA 92715. NIEHS,MOLEC CARCINOGENESIS LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HOLDER, JW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV RD689,OFF HLTH ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 149 TC 199 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 53 IS 15 BP 3475 EP 3485 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LP641 UT WOS:A1993LP64100008 PM 8393376 ER PT J AU PORTEOUS, LA ARMSTRONG, JL AF PORTEOUS, LA ARMSTRONG, JL TI A SIMPLE MINI-METHOD TO EXTRACT DNA DIRECTLY FROM SOIL FOR USE WITH POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A rapid, simple method is used that yields amplifiable fungal and bacterial DNAs directly from soil. DNA is separated from soil contaminants by electrophoresis in low-melting-temperature agarose and used directly in polymerase chain reaction amplification. Fifty 20-mg samples can be processed in one day. Fragments of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNAs are amplified by polymerase chain reaction with DNA extracted from the soil. Universal primers are used that are capable of amplifying ribosomal DNA from a wide variety of bacteria and fungi. Eubacterial and fungal primers are used that are capable of distinguishing between eubacterial and fungal DNAs. Restriction enzyme digests are performed on amplified DNA fragments from five soil samples. RP PORTEOUS, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BIOTECHNOL PROGRAM,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1007/BF01570868 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LH868 UT WOS:A1993LH86800010 PM 7763789 ER PT J AU SETRAN, AC BEHRENS, DW AF SETRAN, AC BEHRENS, DW TI TRANSITIONAL ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EARLY JUVENILES OF 2 SYMPATRIC STICHAEID FISHES, CEBIDICHTHYS-VIOLACEUS AND XIPHISTER-MUCOSUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE PRICKLEBACK; ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE; ONTOGENIC ECOLOGY; ELEVATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; FOOD HABITS; DIETARY SHIFT; SUBSTRATUM PREFERENCES ID CALIFORNIA KELP FOREST; ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE; MONKEYFACE PRICKLEBACK; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; FOOD-HABITS; PREFERENCES; RESILIENCE; COMMUNITY; LARVAE; DIETS AB The distribution patterns, diets, and substratum (refuge) requirements of early juveniles of two sympatric stichaeid fishes Cebidichthys violaceus and Xiphister mucosus, were investigated in a rocky intertidal habitat at Diablo Canyon, California. Monthly investigations were conducted at low tide for four consecutive months, to assess ontogenetic differences in distribution, diet, and refuge requirements within and between the two species. Distinct differences in vertical zonation were exhibited by both stichaeids throughout the study. Interspecific zonation patterns were similar to those recorded for adults of both species. Diet analyses showed that early juveniles of both stichaeids were zooplanktivorous, differing markedly from the primarily herbivorous diets of adults. Changes in diet were largely due to the selection of larger prey taxa as both fishes, and their mouth size, grew over the study period. Predation by both fishes on water-column planktors (calanoid copepods, zoea and polychaete larvae) was greatest following initial intertidal settlement and habitat establishment by early juvenile fishes. Greater dependence on substrate-oriented and/or benthic prey (harpacticoid copepods, gammarid amphipods and mysid shrimp) was exhibited by both fishes as they grew in size. Affinities for sand, gravel, and pebbles during monthly field surveys were similar for both species throughout the study. As the fishes grew, their substratum preferences changed in relation to the substrata which provided the best refuge. Results from laboratory experiments indicated that young stichaeids select very specific substrata based on fish age (size) and substratum suitability (i.e. adequate refuge). Similarities in diet and substratum preferences, and changes in those preferences over time, appear to be the result of morphological similarities (body size and shape and mouth gape) for both species at a given age. C1 PACIFIC GAS & ELECT CO,RES & DEV,SAN RAMON,CA 94583. RP SETRAN, AC (reprint author), US EPA,75 HAWTHORNE ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1007/BF00005205 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LT164 UT WOS:A1993LT16400007 ER PT J AU BRETTHAUER, EW AF BRETTHAUER, EW TI EPAS APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL-RESEARCH IN THE 90S SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EMAP; EPA; RISK ASSESSMENT; REGULATORY AB In the past four years the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has changed its approach to dealing with environmental problems, which resulted in placing much more emphasis on science. Whenever possible the Agency concentrates on addressing the highest environmental risks, stresses pollution prevention, prefers voluntary programs to regulatory approaches, and makes more use of the marketplace to achieve environmental goals. To meet the need for more technical information to support this approach, the EPA changed its planning process, increased its ecological research program, developed the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), increased its emphasis on reproductive and developmental toxicology and neurotoxicology, and restructured its approaches to risk assessment. The Agency also significantly increased its relationships with academia and the private sector in implementing its research program. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1331 EP 1333 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1331:EATERI]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LP260 UT WOS:A1993LP26000002 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CHANG, J KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP ALLISON, JC LONG, JE DUFFY, MC FOREHAND, LR AF CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CHANG, J KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP ALLISON, JC LONG, JE DUFFY, MC FOREHAND, LR TI EFFECTS OF AGE, SPECIES-DIFFERENCE, ANTIBIOTICS AND TOXICANTS ON INTESTINAL ENZYME-ACTIVITY AND GENOTOXICITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POTENTIATED GENOTOXICITY; INTESTINAL ENZYME ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL FLORA; TOXICANT INTERACTIONS; GLC ENZYME ASSAY ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; GAMMA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA; GUT FLORA; CD-1 MICE; AZO DYES; RATS; MUTAGENICITY; DINITROTOLUENE; METABOLISM AB Altered intestinal enzyme activity significantly affects the biotransformation and toxicity of many xenobiotics. This article summarizes research, supported by the U.S. Air Force Bioenvironmental Hazards Research Program, that employs a novel gas-liquid chromatographic assay to investigate the effects of age, species difference, antibiotics, and environmental chemicals on enzyme activity in various regions of the intestinal tract. Significant research findings include the following: (a) age-dependent alterations in enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the developing animal that suggest a changing susceptibility to toxicants during this period; (b) discovery of previously unreported mucosal enzymes in the small intestine that are present in germ-free rats and are not susceptible to antibiotics; (c) markedly greater intestinal nitroreductase activity and significantly higher bioactivation of the procarcinogen 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in CD-1 mice than in Fischer 344 rats; (d) significantly altered intestinal enzyme activity in rats pretreated with lindane, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), or Aroclor 1254; (e) potentiated DNT genotoxicity by Aroclor 1254 and pentachlorophenol pretreatment; and (f) a transient antagonism of DNT genotoxicity by 2,4,5-T pretreatment. Enzyme activity in the small intestine may have greater toxicological importance than previously thought in the biotransformation of environmental chemicals and as an indicator of change in the microbial flora. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CHADWICK, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ENVIRONM RES CTR MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1352 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1339:EOASDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LP260 UT WOS:A1993LP26000004 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR AF HUTCHINS, SR TI BIOTRANSFORMATION AND MINERALIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; DENITRIFICATION; BTEX; AQUIFER ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BIODEGRADATION; BIORESTORATION; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION; CULTURES AB Batch microcosm tests were performed with nonacclimated and acclimated aquifer material from Traverse City (MI) to assess the extent of biodegradation of radiolabeled benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), either as single substrates or in a mixture, by indigenous microorganisms under denitrifying conditions. For single substrate studies, the rates and extent of biodegradation of toluene and m-xylene in the acclimated aquifer material were generally similar to those observed in the nonacclimated material. Benzene was recalcitrant in both cases. o-Xylene was recalcitrant in the nonacclimated aquifer material, but degradation occurred after toluene addition. In the acclimated aquifer material, o-xylene degradation commenced without addition of toluene. Mineralization accounted for 36 to 54% of the total alkylbenzene removal. Under mixed substrate conditions, solution concentrations of radiolabeled benzene decreased when nitrate was present, but not in the absence of an added electron acceptor. Mineralization did not occur, and no degradation products could be identified. Benzene removal was linked to alkylbenzene degradation; however, solution concentrations of benzene increased with subsequent toluene additions. It appears that benzene is not being degraded in these denitrifying microcosms, but merely sorbed or sequestered with the potential for subsequent release. Microbial activity, in this case the biodegradation of alkylbenzenes, enhanced this sorption beyond that observed for the initial aquifer material. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA, ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB, POB 1198, ADA, OK 74820 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1423 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1413:BAMOAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LP260 UT WOS:A1993LP26000010 ER PT J AU NOSTRANDT, AC DUNCAN, JA PADILLA, S AF NOSTRANDT, AC DUNCAN, JA PADILLA, S TI A MODIFIED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD APPROPRIATE FOR MEASURING CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN TISSUE FROM CARBARYL-TREATED ANIMALS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SW MED SCH,DALLAS,TX 75235. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NOSTRANDT, AC (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 21 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1089 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LT275 UT WOS:A1993LT27500008 PM 8405782 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB OROURKE, MK AF MARTONEN, TB OROURKE, MK TI DISPOSITION OF MULBERRY POLLEN IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL SO GRANA LA English DT Article AB Inhaled particle deposition sites must be identified to effectively treat human airway diseases. We have determined distribution patterns of a selected aeroallergen, mulberry pollen, among human extrathoracic (ET: i.e., oronasopharyngeal) regions and the lung. A predictive model validated by inhalation exposure data from human subjects was utilized. Deposition locations were primarily functions of (1) mulberry particle parameters (geometric size, 11-18 mum; shape, spherical; and density, 1. 14 g cm-3), and (2) mode of breathing. In the general population, two styles of inhalation are prevalent, normal augmentors (NAs) and mouth breathers (MBs). Their clinical definitions are based on intra-ET airflow divisions. For a NA-mode breathing sedentary (minute ventilation = V(E) = 10 L min-1) adult, 93% of inhaled mulberry pollen was removed by the ET compartment and 7% collected within the lung. For a MB, the respective deposition efficiencies were 75% and 25%. To apply the model, we used a daily springtime mulberry pollen concentration of 1748 grains m-3 and an exposure time of 0.5 hour to calculate actual doses for the respiratory system. Under the stipulated conditions, a MB would inhale 524 pollen grains per day and 131 would be deposited in the lung; the value is 37 grains for a NA. Preliminary epidemiological results suggest 15% of the study population are MBs in whom such pollen deposits are likely contributors to airway disease. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PD AUG-OCT PY 1993 VL 32 IS 4-5 BP 290 EP 301 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD918 UT WOS:A1993MD91800011 ER PT J AU SCHOCK, MR GEORGE, GK AF SCHOCK, MR GEORGE, GK TI EVALUATION OF A FIELD-TEST KIT FOR MONITORING LEAD IN DRINKING-WATER SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This article describes a conceptual framework for designing evaluation studies of test kits for the analysis of significant drinking water constituents. A commercial test kit for the analysis of lead in tap waters was evaluated and compared with a standard graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) technique. The kit was relatively free of operator bias and had a detection limit of 4 mug/L in spiked deionized water. Above the detection limit of the kit, accuracy was comparable to that of GFAAS when samples were analyzed in triplicate. The relative precision of the kit varied with concentration. The absolute precision of the kit was about +/-3 mug/L from 10 to 100 mug/L. Significant interferences were found for certain concentration thresholds of zinc, iron [Fe(II)], polyphosphate species, and orthophosphate. High concentrations of aluminum and chloride reduced method precision. Several operational changes are presented that improve precision and accuracy of the test kit for field and laboratory use. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SCHOCK, MR (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 85 IS 8 BP 90 EP 100 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LR780 UT WOS:A1993LR78000013 ER PT J AU LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ALCARAZ, M BECKERT, WF HEITHMAR, EM AF LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ALCARAZ, M BECKERT, WF HEITHMAR, EM TI DETERMINATION OF METALS IN SOLID SAMPLES BY COMPLEXATION SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 PITTSBURGH CONF CY 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID SODIUM BIS(TRIFLUOROETHYL)DITHIOCARBAMATE CHELATION; SEPARATION; IONS; GC C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP LIU, Y (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,625-B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 31 IS 8 BP 310 EP 316 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LR709 UT WOS:A1993LR70900003 ER PT J AU SPENCE, JW LEMMONS, TJ HOU, Y SCHADT, RJ FORNES, RE GILBERT, RD AF SPENCE, JW LEMMONS, TJ HOU, Y SCHADT, RJ FORNES, RE GILBERT, RD TI EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON PAINT - A CHAMBER STUDY SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; GALVANIZED STEEL; IMPACT AB Exterior acrylic latex and alkyd architectural coatings were exposed to different conditions in a chamber exposure system involving simulated sunlight, dew, and photochemical smog containing sulfur dioxide (SO2). A simulated sunlight exposure of the coating films in the presence of clean air also was incorporated into the experimental design. Changes in surface features after 1,370 hours of exposure were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Gaseous species that deposited on the films were determined by ion chromatography (IC) of the dew collections. Color-change measurements of the exposed films were recorded as ''Delta E'' values. Latex and alkyd films that were formulated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as an extender pigment were found to undergo the most change in surface features, composition, and color. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FIBER & POLYMER SCI PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SPENCE, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 65 IS 823 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA LU084 UT WOS:A1993LU08400002 ER PT J AU KENT, ML POWELL, MD KIESER, D HOSKINS, GE SPEARE, DJ BURKA, JF BAGSHAW, J FOURNIE, JW AF KENT, ML POWELL, MD KIESER, D HOSKINS, GE SPEARE, DJ BURKA, JF BAGSHAW, J FOURNIE, JW TI UNUSUAL EOSINOPHILIC GRANULE CELL-PROLIFERATION IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; LEUKOCYTES C1 UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL,ATLANTIC VET COLL,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,CHARLOTTETOWN C1A 4P3,PEI,CANADA. UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL,ATLANTIC VET COLL,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,CHARLOTTETOWN C1A 4P3,PEI,CANADA. US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP KENT, ML (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BIOL SCI BRANCH,PACIFIC BIOL STN,NANAIMO V9R 5K6,BC,CANADA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 109 IS 2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(08)80257-5 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA LW467 UT WOS:A1993LW46700002 PM 7504002 ER PT J AU MARESCA, JW STARR, JW WISE, RF HILLGER, RW TAFURI, AN AF MARESCA, JW STARR, JW WISE, RF HILLGER, RW TAFURI, AN TI EVALUATION OF VOLUMETRIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR LARGE UNDERGROUND TANKS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The performance standard for tank tightness testing established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation requires that the systems used to test underground storage tanks be able to detect leaks as small as 0.38 L/h (0.1 gal/h) with a probability of detection of 0.95 and a probability of false alarm of 0.05. This standard was developed to address tanks nominally 30,000 to 38,000 L (8,000 to 10,000 gal) in capacity or less, but also applies to tanks as large as 190,000 L (50,000 gal). The accuracy of detecting leaks in tanks as large as 190,000 L (50,000 gal) is not well known, and very little data from which to make an assessment are available. To meet EPA's regulatory standards for tank tightness testing of petroleum fuel tanks, volumetric leak detection systems must be able to accurately compensate for thermally induced volume changes in the stored fuel. A field study was done to investigate the magnitude of these volume changes. Three 24-h experiments were conducted in two partially filled, 190,000-L (50,000-gal) tanks in upstate New York during late August 1990; product was either added to or removed from the tank to initiate each experiment. The study showed that the procedures used to compensate for the thermally induced volume changes that occur during a tightness test performed on small tanks are not adequate for tanks as large as 190,000 L (50,000 gal). The volume of product in such tanks is large enough to cause significant errors in the estimates of the thermally induced volume changes required for compensation; these errors stem from the presence of horizontal and vertical gradients in the rate of change of temperature. In smaller tanks, the average rate of change of volume due to horizontal gradients is negligible, and a single vertical array of five temperature sensors is sufficient to compensate for the effects of thermal expansion of the product in a 1- to 2-h test. In larger tanks, however, a single array of temperature sensors does not suffice unless certain conditions are met. First, the number of sensors must be increased to at least 10 to ensure that the vertical gradients are accurately measured. Second, an adequate time (at least 24 h) must be allowed for the horizontal gradients to dissipate. Third, the duration of a test must be increased to at least 4 h so that the instrumentation and ambient volume fluctuations can be averaged. Fourth, the average rate of change of temperature in any one layer or in the tank as a whole must be small enough to allow accurate temperature compensation. Finally, an accurate experimental estimate of the constants necessary for converting level and temperature changes to volume must be made. Based on these experiments, a procedure has been developed for temperature compensation in tanks with capacities of 190,000 L (50,000 gal). C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837. RP MARESCA, JW (reprint author), VISTA RES INC,MT VIEW,CA 94042, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 34 IS 3 BP 335 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85098-Y PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LU059 UT WOS:A1993LU05900004 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ POPE, CN PADILLA, S AF BUSHNELL, PJ POPE, CN PADILLA, S TI BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ACUTE CHLORPYRIFOS IN RATS - TOLERANCE TO PROLONGED INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; NICOTINIC RECEPTORS; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; BRAIN; BINDING; DFP; MEMORY; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATES AB The preponderance of studies of tolerance to organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors indicates that functional recovery accompanies neurochemical compensations for the inhibited enzyme. Contrary to prediction, rats dosed with the OP diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) showed progressive and persistent impairment of cognitive and motor function over a 3-week period of daily exposure, despite neurochemical and pharmacological evidence of tolerance to its inhibition of ChE. To determine whether these functional effects of DFP resulted from inhibition of ChE and downregulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, rats were dosed with chlorpyrifos (CPF), an OP pesticide which inhibits blood and brain ChE of rats for weeks after a single injection. Long-Evans rats were trained to perform an appetitive test of memory and motor function and were then injected s.c. with 0, 60, 125 or 250 mg/kg of CPF in peanut oil and tested 5 days/week for 7 weeks. Unconditioned behavior was also rated for signs of cholinergic toxicity. CPF inhibited ChE activity in whole blood in a dose-related manner for more than 53 days. The degree and time course of ChE inhibition in blood and brain and the downregulation of muscarinic receptors in brain after 125 mg/kg of CPF closely paralleled the previously reported effects of 25 daily injections of 0.2 mg/kg of DFP. In addition, CPF-treated rats were subsensitive to oxotremorine-induced hypothermia for at least 32 days after CPF. However, functional deficits (in working memory and motor function) appeared within 2 days after injection of CPF and recovered within 3 weeks, long before ChE activity and receptor density returned to control levels. Thus, the effects of CPF were neither progressive nor as persistent as those seen during daily DFP injections. This difference suggests that the DFP-induced behavioral changes observed previously cannot be attributed entirely to its effects on ChE activity and changes in [H-3]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,DIV PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MONROE,LA 71209. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 67 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 266 IS 2 BP 1007 EP 1017 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LT482 UT WOS:A1993LT48200071 PM 7689099 ER PT J AU LEMIEUX, PM RYAN, JV AF LEMIEUX, PM RYAN, JV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR-POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM A SIMULATED SCRAP TIRE FIRE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Discarded automobile tires have become a concern to the general public, largely because the growing number of stockpile fires has focused attention on the potentially harmful combustion products as well as products of incomplete combustion (PICs) emitted into the atmosphere from uncontrolled burning of scrap tires. This paper describes a small-scale combustion study that was designed to collect, identify, and quantify the products emitted during the simulated open combustion of scrap tires. During the study, it was found that total estimated emissions of semivolatile organics ranged from 10 to 50 g/kg of tire material burned. Alkyl-substituted mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were the predominant emission products identified. Elevated levels of zinc and lead were also measured. C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,DURHAM,NC 27713. RP LEMIEUX, PM (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,ERC BLDG,MD 65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1106 EP 1115 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LT752 UT WOS:A1993LT75200007 ER PT J AU SIMES, GF HARRINGTON, JS AF SIMES, GF HARRINGTON, JS TI THE MEASUREMENT OF CONTAMINATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Contamination of environmental samples and measurement systems can be monitored through the systematic use of appropriate quality control (QC) blanks. During the last decade, a proliferation of terms for these QC samples has taken place, making the specification of appropriate blanks and the interpretation of their data a matter of some confusion. Incomplete understanding of the various types of QC blanks, their points of introduction into a sampling and analysis program, and the kinds of information their results provide can: (1) lead to incorrect preparation and use of QC blanks; (2) limit data comparability; and (3) hinder the technical quality review process for scientific reports. An examination of the frequently used terms for, and functions performed by, different QC blanks is presented to provide the environmental community with a means of combatting the inconsistent use and interpretation of QC blanks. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ENVIRONM & HLTH SCI GRP,10260 CAMPUS POINT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. RP SIMES, GF (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LT752 UT WOS:A1993LT75200014 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S ATKINSON, MB BREUER, AC AF PADILLA, S ATKINSON, MB BREUER, AC TI DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FAST AXONAL ORGANELLE TRANSPORT IN THE SCIATIC-NERVE OF RATS TREATED WITH ACRYLAMIDE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TOXIC NEUROFILAMENTOUS AXONOPATHIES; INDUCED NEUROPATHY; SQUID AXOPLASM; SINGLE MICROTUBULES; BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSPORT; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; RETROGRADE TRANSPORT; 2,5-HEXANEDIONE; NEUROTOXICITY; ANTEROGRADE AB The effects of acrylamide on fast axonal transport have been measured primarily using the indirect methods of isotope or enzyme accumulation. We report the first direct evaluation of the effects of subchronic acrylamide dosing (150, 300, or 500 mg/kg total dose, i.e., 50 mg/kg, 2x/wk, for 1.5, 3, 5 wk, respectively) on the fast axonal transport motility machinery itself using video-enhanced differential interference contrast optics with digital image processing and computer analysis. Four principle observations were made: (1) Rapid anterograde transport was not affected at any dosage level within 1 wk after cessation of dosing. (2) A high cumulative dosage (500 mg/kg total) of acrylamide or bisacrylamide produced approximately 7-18% decrease in the rate of retrograde transport in both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. (3) Lower dosages of acrylamide (150 or 300 mg/kg total) produced an increase in retrograde transport rates in myelinated axons only. (4) During the ''recovery'' phase for the 500 mg/kg acrylamide animals (i.e., 3 or 5 wk after the last dosage of acrylamide) the rate of anterograde transport in the myelinated axons was decreased at 3 wk but not at 5 wk, and the rate of retrograde transport in the myelinated axons returned to control levels while the retrograde transport in the unmyelinated axons continued at abnormally slow speeds. The application of this new technique to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of acrylamide provides evidence of dynamic changes in the axonal transport motility machinery itself and differential effects on myelinated versus unmyelinated fibers. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 20384] NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 429 EP 445 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LT184 UT WOS:A1993LT18400002 PM 8345531 ER PT J AU JORGENSEN, NOG KROER, N COFFIN, RB YANG, XH LEE, C AF JORGENSEN, NOG KROER, N COFFIN, RB YANG, XH LEE, C TI DISSOLVED FREE AMINO-ACIDS, COMBINED AMINO-ACIDS, AND DNA AS SOURCES OF CARBON AND NITROGEN TO MARINE-BACTERIA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; FLORIDA RESERVOIR; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; WATER BACTERIA; H-3 LEUCINE; ESTUARINE; AMMONIUM; BACTERIOPLANKTON; ENVIRONMENTS AB Utilization of naturally-occurring dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA and DCAA) and dissolved DNA (D-DNA) was studied in batch cultures of bacteria from 2 shallow marine environments, Santa Rosa Sound (SRS), Florida, USA, and Flax Pond (FP), Long Island, New York, USA. In addition to control experiments, cultures were enriched with various sources of C and N. In the SRS cultures, net C assimilation of DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA made up from 42 to 60 % of net bacterial C production. The average, relative incorporation of C from DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA was 0.13, 0.77 and 0.10, respectively. The corresponding values of N were 0.10, 0.81 and 0.09. Addition of NH4+, DFAA, or both, increased the incorporation of DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA. Incorporation of N from DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA equaled 111 to 219 % of the bacterial N production. Including incorporation of NH4+ and release of NO3-, calculated net bacterial N incorporation made up 48 and 290 % of bacterial N production. In the FP experiment, net assimilation of DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA equaled 66 to 91 % (average 77 %) of net bacterial C production. Largely all C incorporation was due to assimilation of DFAA. Enrichment of the cultures with NH4+, glucose, methylamines, and high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter all increased bacterial production. Net N incorporation of DCAA, DFAA and D-DNA corresponded to between 100 and 180 % of net bacterial N production. In 3 cultures DFAA were the dominant (> 50 %) bacterial N source. In the other cultures, DFAA and NH4+ were similar in importance as an N source, and together they accounted for 80 to 99 % of bacterial N incorporation. Including uptake of NH4+ and uptake or release of NO3- in the N budgets, bacterial N incorporation equaled 155 to 413 % of bacterial N production. The reason for this apparently excessive N uptake in both sets of cultures may be the release of organic nitrogen compounds. C1 NATL ENVIRONM RES INST, DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL, FREDERIKSBORGVEJ 399, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, DEPT ECOL & MOLEC BIOL, MICROBIOL SECT, DK-1958 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK. US EPA, GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB, SABINE ISL, FL 32561 USA. SUNY, MARINE SCI RES CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. RI Lee, Cindy/B-1456-2009; Jorgensen, Niels/G-4176-2014; Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015 OI Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213; Jorgensen, Niels/0000-0002-3554-6906; NR 45 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.3354/meps098135 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LT151 UT WOS:A1993LT15100013 ER PT J AU WEIS, P WEIS, JS LORES, E AF WEIS, P WEIS, JS LORES, E TI UPTAKE OF METALS FROM CHROMATED-COPPER-ARSENATE (CCA)-TREATED LUMBER BY EPIBIOTA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS; TREATED WOOD; MARINE; INDICATOR; ESTUARIES; REDUCTION AB Previous studies have shown that Cu, Cr, and As leach from chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) pressure-treated wood and can be toxic to estuarine organisms in the laboratory. In this study, algae, barnacles, and mussles were collected from CCA-treated wood in open water and in a residential canal adjoining Santa Rosa Sound, Pensacola Beach, Fl, and were analysed for the metals by inductively-coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy. Reference organisms were collected from nearby rocks. Organisms living on the open water dock had significantly (P < 0.05) elevated concentrations of contaminants from the wood, while those living inside the canal had considerably higher concentrations. The highest concentrations in barnacles were found in those barnacles growing on new (1 year old) wood within the canal, reflecting the greater leaching of new wood. C1 RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, NEWARK, NJ 07102 USA. US EPA, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. RP UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, DEPT ANAT, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 26 IS 8 BP 428 EP 430 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90529-S PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LX145 UT WOS:A1993LX14500006 ER PT J AU ASHBY, J BRUSICK, D MYHR, BC JONES, NJ PARRY, JM NESNOW, S PATON, D TINWELL, H ROSENKRANZ, HS CURTI, S GILMAN, D CALLANDER, RD AF ASHBY, J BRUSICK, D MYHR, BC JONES, NJ PARRY, JM NESNOW, S PATON, D TINWELL, H ROSENKRANZ, HS CURTI, S GILMAN, D CALLANDER, RD TI CORRELATION OF CARCINOGENIC POTENCY WITH MOUSE-SKIN P-32 POSTLABELING AND MUTA-RMOUSE LAC Z- MUTATION DATA FOR DMBA AND ITS K-REGION SULFUR ISOSTERE - COMPARISON WITH ACTIVITIES OBSERVED IN STANDARD GENOTOXICITY ASSAYS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CARCINOGENIC POTENCY, CORRELATION; MOUSE SKIN; P-32-POSTLABELING; LAC Z- MUTATION DATA; DMBA; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; S-DMBA; 6,11-DIMETHYLBENZO[B]NAPHTHO[2,3-D]THIOPHENE ID MARROW MICRONUCLEUS ASSAYS; CL8 CELL-LINE; DNA ADDUCTS; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; TRANSFORMATION; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE; SENSITIVITY; DIVISION; MICE AB The genotoxicities in vitro and in vivo of the mouse-skin carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) have been compared with those of its weakly carcinogenic 4,5-sulphur analogue, 6,11-dimethyl-benzo[b]naphtho-[2,3-d]thiophene (S-DMBA). The only datasets that correlated with the relative carcinogenicity of these agents to the skin were those conducted using topically exposed mouse skin. Thus, both chemicals induced lacZ- mutations in the skin of lacZ+ transgenic mice, and both produced DNA adducts on mouse-skin DNA as assessed using the P-32-postlabeling technique. In each case, DMBA gave a stronger response than did S-DMBA. In contrast to these responses, only DMBA was active in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus assay and in the C3H10T1/2 in vitro cell transformation assay. Both chemicals were mutagenic to Salmonella and of approximately equal potency. The molecular geometry of DMBA and S-DMBA are compared, and divergent CASE predictions of activity in the Salmonella assay and skin-painting bioassay are discussed. The importance of conducting predictive genotoxicity assays in systems close to those in which carcinogenicity is to be assessed is emphasized by these data. C1 HAZLETON WASHINGTON INC,MOLEC & CELLULAR TOXICOL,VIENNA,VA 22182. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. UNIV COLL SWANSEA,SCH BIOL SCI,SWANSEA SA2 8PP,W GLAM,WALES. US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ASHBY, J (reprint author), ZENECA,CENT TOXICOL LAB,ALDERLEY PK,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TJ,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. RI Jones, Nigel/D-1997-2010 NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD AUG PY 1993 VL 292 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(93)90005-K PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LP723 UT WOS:A1993LP72300003 PM 7688094 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ LEVIN, ED AF BUSHNELL, PJ LEVIN, ED TI EFFECTS OF DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS ON WORKING AND REFERENCE MEMORY IN RATS SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE D-AMPHETAMINE; DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS; D(1)-RECEPTORS; D(2)-RECEPTORS; MOTOR FUNCTION; QUINPIROLE; RACLOPRIDE; RAT; REFERENCE MEMORY; SCH-23390; SKF-38393; WORKING MEMORY ID RADIAL-ARM MAZE; TO-SAMPLE PERFORMANCE; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SCH 23390; AMPHETAMINE; SCOPOLAMINE; BEHAVIOR; HALOPERIDOL; OPERANT AB Changes in dopaminergic function have been associated with alterations in motor and cognitive function in man and in animals. This study was designed to assess the effects of dopaminergic drugs on these aspects of conditioned behavior in animals. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to perform an appetitive operant task that allowed daily quantification of working memory (accuracy of spatial delayed nonmatching-to-position), reference memory (accuracy of visual discrimination) and motor function [choice lever-press latency and nosepoke interresponse time (IRT) during delay]. The indirect dopamine agonist d-amphetamine (0.3-1.0 mg/kg) reduced nonmatching accuracy without significantly affecting discrimination accuracy, response latency, or nosepoke IRT. The D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (0.01-0.056 mg/kg) also decreased nonmatching accuracy without changing discrimination accuracy, but increased choice response latency and nosepoke IRT as well. The D1 agonist SKF 38393 (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) and the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.01-0.03 mg/kg) only affected nosepoke IRT, at doses below those causing response failure. The D2 antagonist raclopride (0.056-0.177 mg/kg) exerted no significant effects at doses that did not suppress responding completely. The selective reduction of nonmatching accuracy by d-amphetamine and quinpirole indicates a mnemonic impairment specific to working memory (relative to reference memory). These results suggest further 1) that stimulation of D2/D3, but not D1, receptors may account for the d-amphetamine-induced deficit in working memory; 2) that stimulation of D2/D3 receptors alone by quinpirole may also impair spatial working memory, but only in conjunction with motor slowing; and 3) that antagonism of either receptor type (by SCH 23390 or raclopride) does not significantly affect memory at doses causing motor slowing and response failure. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 45 IS 4 BP 765 EP 776 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90119-E PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LP737 UT WOS:A1993LP73700002 PM 8105486 ER PT J AU REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH AF REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH TI AN ENFORCEABLE INDOOR AIR-QUALITY STANDARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE IN THE WORKPLACE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE; INDOOR AIR QUALITY STANDARD; NICOTINE; COTININE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING; RISK ASSESSMENT ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; PASSIVE SMOKING; SERUM COTININE; 7TH-DAY ADVENTISTS; NONSMOKING WOMEN; EXPOSURE; NICOTINE; MORTALITY; DISEASE; MARKERS AB Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has recently been determined by U.S. environmental and occupational health authorities to be a human carcinogen. We develop a model which permits using atmospheric nicotine measurements to estimate nonsmokers' ETS lung cancer risks in individual workplaces for the first time. We estimate that during the 1980s, the U.S. nonsmoking adult population's median nicotine lung exposure (homes and workplaces combined) was 143 micrograms (mug) of nicotine daily, and that most-exposed adult nonsmokers inhaled 1430 mg/day. These exposure estimates are validated by pharmacokinetic modeling which yields the corresponding steady-state dose of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine. For U.S. adult nonsmokers of working age, we estimate median cotinine values of about 1.0 nanogram per milliliter (ng/ml) in plasma, and 6.2 ng/ml in urine; for most-exposed nonsmokers, we estimate cotinine concentrations of about 10 ng/ml in plasma and 62 ng/ml in urine. These values are consistent to within 15% of the cotinine values observed in contemporaneous clinical epidemiological studies. Corresponding median risk from ETS exposure in U.S. nonsmokers during the 1980s is estimated at about two lung cancer deaths (LCDs) per 1000 at risk, and for most-exposed nonsmokers, about two LCDs per 100. Risks abroad appear similar. Modeling of the lung cancer mortality risk from passive smoking suggests that de minimis [i.e., ''acceptable'' (10(-6)], risk occurs at an 8-hr time-weighted-average exposure concentration of 7.5 nanograms of ETS nicotine per cubic meter of workplace air for a working lifetime of 40 years. This model is based upon a linear exposure-response relationship validated by physical, clinical, and epidemiological data. From available data, it appears that workplaces without effective smoking policies considerably exceed this de minimis risk standard. For a substantial fraction of the 59 million nonsmoking workers in the U.S., current workplace exposure to ETS also appears to pose risks exceeding the de manifestis risk level above which carcinogens are strictly regulated by the federal government. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP REPACE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 70 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00747.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA LX892 UT WOS:A1993LX89200012 PM 8234955 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, DA YOCOM, TG AF THOMPSON, DA YOCOM, TG TI UNCERTAIN GROUND SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP THOMPSON, DA (reprint author), US EPA,BOSTON OFF,WETLAND PROTECT SECT,BOSTON,MA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD AUG-SEP PY 1993 VL 96 IS 6 BP 20 EP 29 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LN863 UT WOS:A1993LN86300015 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, JM STOKER, TE PERREAULT, SD COOPER, RL CRIDER, MA AF GOLDMAN, JM STOKER, TE PERREAULT, SD COOPER, RL CRIDER, MA TI INFLUENCE OF THE FORMAMIDINE PESTICIDE CHLORDIMEFORM ON OVULATION IN THE FEMALE HAMSTER - DISSOCIABLE SHIFTS IN THE LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE AND OOCYTE RELEASE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; CYCLIC HAMSTER; SYRIAN-HAMSTER; LH-RELEASE; RATS; GONADOTROPINS; INDUCTION; PITUITARY; SECRETION; SYSTEM C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GOLDMAN, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 121 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1155 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LQ840 UT WOS:A1993LQ84000014 PM 8346544 ER PT J AU HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR CHURCH, MR WIGINGTON, PJ WEBB, JR SALE, MJ AF HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR CHURCH, MR WIGINGTON, PJ WEBB, JR SALE, MJ TI THE EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON STREAMS IN THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN AND PIEDMONT REGION OF THE MID-ATLANTIC UNITED-STATES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SULFUR RETENTION; SURFACE WATERS; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; ALKALINITY; POPULATION; PATTERNS; VIRGINIA; GEOLOGY AB Streams in the Appalachian Mountain area of the mid-Atlantic receive some of the largest acidic deposition loadings of any region of the United States. A synthesis of the survey data from the mid-Appalachians yields a consistent picture of the acid base status of streams. Acidic streams, and streams with very low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), are almost all located in small (<20 km2), upland, forested catchments in areas of base-poor bedrock. In the subpopulation of upland forested systems, which comprises about half the total stream population in the mid-Appalachian area, data from various local surveys show that 6-27% of the streams are acidic, and about 25-50% have ANC less than 50 mueq L-1. After excluding streams with acid mine drainage, National Stream Survey estimates for the whole region show that there are 2330 km of acidic streams and 7500 km of streams with ANC less than 50 mueq L-1. Many of the streams with base flow ANC less than 50 mueq L-1 become acidic during storm or snowmelt episodes. Sulfate from atmospheric deposition is the dominant source of strong acid anions in acidic mid-Appalachian streams. Their low pH (median, 4.9) and high levels of inorganic monomeric aluminum (median, 129 mug L-1) leached through soils by acidic deposition are causing damage to aquatic biota. Quantification of the extent of biological effects, however, is not possible with available data. Localized studies have shown that stream water ANC is closely related to bedrock mineralogy. Attempts to quantify this relationship across the mid-Appalachians, however, were frustrated by the lack of adequate scale geologic mapping throughout the region. Sulfate mass balance analyses indicate that soils and surface waters of the region have not yet realized the full effects of elevated sulfur deposition due to watershed sulfate retention. Sulfur retention is likely to decrease in the future, resulting in further losses of stream ANC. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP HERLIHY, AT (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 70 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2687 EP 2703 DI 10.1029/93WR01072 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LR884 UT WOS:A1993LR88400018 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR ABDELHAMID, MS JETER, JL GURKA, DF AF DONNELLY, JR ABDELHAMID, MS JETER, JL GURKA, DF TI APPLICATION OF GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION PROPERTIES TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INDEXES AB Gas chromatographic retention indices (I) were measured for congeners of commonly encountered classes of environmental contaminants, which are often reported as tentatively identified compounds. Several commonly encountered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were employed as I reference standards. These indices were related to boiling points with reasonable accuracy, allowing the estimation of I for additional members of those classes. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,980 KELLY JOHNSON DR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUL 16 PY 1993 VL 642 IS 1-2 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80106-I PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LN765 UT WOS:A1993LN76500036 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP GORDON, CJ AF WATKINSON, WP GORDON, CJ TI CAVEATS REGARDING THE USE OF THE LABORATORY RAT AS A MODEL FOR ACUTE TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES - MODULATION OF THE TOXIC RESPONSE VIA PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAT; TOXICOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; HEART RATE; THERMOREGULATION; HYPOTHERMIA ID CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; AUTONOMIC THERMOREGULATION; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; POSTWEANLING RAT; CHLORDIMEFORM; AGENTS AB The rodent, specifically the laboratory rat, is the primary experimental animal used in toxicology testing. Despite its popularity, recent studies from our laboratory and others raise a number of questions concerning the rat's appropriateness as an animal model for toxicological studies. While there may be additional areas in which the rat and other small rodents fail to adequately mimic the human response to xenobiotic agents, this article will focus on the area of temperature regulation. Thus, this article will review the thermoregulatory response of the laboratory rat following acute exposure to toxic agents and examine the impact of this response on the extrapolation of toxicological data from experimental animals to humans. In general, the rat responds to acute intoxication by lowering its core temperature via both physiological and behavioral mechanisms, thereby attenuating the induced toxicity. Similar responses have not been reported in humans. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WATKINSON, WP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 11 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 1 BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90153-J PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LV764 UT WOS:A1993LV76400002 PM 8103612 ER PT J AU GERLACH, RW WHITE, RJ DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA VANEMON, JM AF GERLACH, RW WHITE, RJ DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA VANEMON, JM TI AN EVALUATION OF 5 COMMERCIAL IMMUNOASSAY DATA-ANALYSIS SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP GERLACH, RW (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,980 KELLY JOHNSON DR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 212 IS 1 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1006/abio.1993.1311 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LK882 UT WOS:A1993LK88200030 PM 8368494 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT BENOIT, DA HOKE, RA LEONARD, EN WEST, CW PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR ANDERSON, LA AF ANKLEY, GT BENOIT, DA HOKE, RA LEONARD, EN WEST, CW PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR ANDERSON, LA TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TEST METHODS FOR BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES AND SEDIMENTS - EFFECTS OF FLOW-RATE AND FEEDING ON WATER-QUALITY AND EXPOSURE CONDITIONS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; CRITERIA AB In order to ensure among-laboratory comparability in the results of sediment toxicity tests, it is necessary to characterize the influence of variations in test regimes on organism responses and exposure conditions. The objective of these studies was to develop and document an optimized combination of overlying water renewal (flow) and feeding rates for sediment tests with three commonly used benthic species (midges, Chironomus tentans; amphipods, Hyalella azteca; oligochaetes, Lumbriculus variegatus). Optimal conditions were defined by a number of chemical and biological considerations including: (1) flow rate through the system, (2) amount of food added, (3) acceptable responses (survival, growth, reproduction) of the organisms over the course of a 10-day test, and (4) maintenance of an adequate concentration of dissolved oxygen in overlying water. The goal was to minimize factors (1) and (2), while maximizing criteria (3) and (4). The major reason for minimizing (1) and (2) was the concern that excessive water flow or addition of food could reduce exposure of the test organisms to sediment-associated contaminants. To evaluate this, interstitial (pore) water concentrations of contaminants (ammonia, zinc, copper, dieldrin) were measured over the course of 10 day tests conducted with a number of different sediments under various flow and feeding regimes. The different combinations of flow/feeding had variable effects upon pore water concentrations of contaminants; for example under our optimized regime, in some instances slight decreases in interstitial water contaminant concentrations were observed, whereas in other cases contaminant concentrations remained constant or even increased. Overall, the use of minimal water renewal and feeding rates should result only in small changes in exposure of benthic organisms to contaminants in pore water over the course of 10-day tests. C1 ASCI CORP, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA, 6201 CONGDON BLVD, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 28 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LE645 UT WOS:A1993LE64500003 ER PT J AU ITO, K THURSTON, GD HAYES, C LIPPMANN, M AF ITO, K THURSTON, GD HAYES, C LIPPMANN, M TI ASSOCIATIONS OF LONDON, ENGLAND, DAILY MORTALITY WITH PARTICULATE MATTER, SULFUR-DIOXIDE, AND ACIDIC AEROSOL POLLUTION SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; AIR-POLLUTION; YORK-CITY; WINTERS AB During the extreme pollution episodes of 1952 and 1962 in London, England, excesses in daily mortality were clearly evident. In this study, we examined daily British Smoke, sulfur dioxide, acid aerosols, and weather variables for their short-term associations with daily mortality in the more typical (nonepisodic) winters of 1965-1972. Consideration of the acid aerosol data was of special interest because this chemical component has been suspected as a causal agent in past episodes. Temporal lag structures between the variables were examined after removal of long-term components from each series in order to obtain ''rational'' cross-correlations. Significant associations between same-day and lagged pollution variables and mortality were found. Alternative regression models with pollution and weather variables were also developed. The coefficients obtained were applied to the 1962 pollution episode to examine the continuity of the estimated slopes. The pollution-predicted deaths fit the observed deaths well, which supports the applicability of such deviation-derived coefficients to the absolute scale. These models were also employed to estimate mean excess daily deaths attributed hypothetically to air pollution. On average, mean effect ranged from 2-7% of all deaths during the nonepisodic winters in Greater London, but the 95% confidence intervals of these estimates overlapped for all model specifications examined. This estimated pollutant mixture ''effect'' cannot be attributed to a particular pollutant because of a lack of quantitative information on the relative downward biases caused by both analytical errors and errors in the spatial representativeness of each respective pollution index. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ITO, K (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,NELSON INST ENVIRONM MED,TUXEDO PK,NY 10987, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [NIEHS ES00260] NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LU223 UT WOS:A1993LU22300003 PM 8357269 ER PT J AU EVERSON, RB MASS, MJ GALLAGHER, JE MUSSER, C DALZELL, J AF EVERSON, RB MASS, MJ GALLAGHER, JE MUSSER, C DALZELL, J TI EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM CRYOPRESERVED CLOTTED HUMAN BLOOD SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID ADDUCTS C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,GENET BIOSSAY BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP EVERSON, RB (reprint author), US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LL212 UT WOS:A1993LL21200001 PM 8363833 ER PT J AU VANBENEDEN, RJ GARDNER, GR BLAKE, NJ BLAIR, DG AF VANBENEDEN, RJ GARDNER, GR BLAKE, NJ BLAIR, DG TI IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PRESENCE OF TRANSFORMING GENES IN GONADAL TUMORS IN 2 BIVALVE MOLLUSK SPECIES SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; MYA-ARENARIA; HERBICIDES; OYSTER; CLAMS AB Studies were initiated on oncogene activation in two bivalve species with high frequencies of histologically identifiable gonadal neoplasms. Pathological assessments identified epizootic seminomas and dysgerminomas in softshell clams (Mya arenaria) from three Maine estuarine sites contaminated by herbicides and in hardshell clams (Mercenaria) from the Indian River in Florida, an area of potential citrus agrochemical exposure. NIH3T3 transfection assays were used to examine DNA isolated from these molluscan tumors for the presence of activated oncogenes. DNAs isolated from advanced tumors in both species were able to transform NIH3T3 cells in a standard focus assay. These same cells were also able to form colonies in low concentrations of serum and induce tumors in athymic mice. Cells expanded from isolated foci demonstrated anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. The results of these studies indicate that DNA from the clam tumors is able to transform mouse fibroblasts, which suggests that a transforming gene is present in these tumor cells. Studies are under way to identify the gene(s) detected by these assays. C1 DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT CELL BIOL, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. US EPA, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV S FLORIDA, ST PETERSBURG, FL 33701 USA. RP VANBENEDEN, RJ (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, SCH ENVIRONM, MARINE LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 53 IS 13 BP 2976 EP 2979 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LL131 UT WOS:A1993LL13100011 PM 8319204 ER PT J AU DELNOMDEDIEU, M ALLIS, JW AF DELNOMDEDIEU, M ALLIS, JW TI INTERACTION OF INORGANIC MERCURY SALTS WITH MODEL AND RED-CELL MEMBRANES - IMPORTANCE OF LIPID-BINDING SITES SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE MERCURY CHLORIDE; MERCURY NITRATE; MODEL MEMBRANES; RED CELL MEMBRANES; PHOSPHOLIPID-MERCURY INTERACTION ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ION-BIOMOLECULE INTERACTIONS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; COMPLEXES; METHYLMERCURY; CHLORIDE; DNA AB The effect of two mercury salts, HgCl2 and Hg(NO3)2, on the thermotropic properties of phosphatidylserine (PS) model membranes and sonicated rat red cell membranes was investigated by fluorescence polarization. Both Hg(II) salts abolished the phase transition and decreased the membrane fluidity by interacting with PS. Maximal effect was observed at a Hg/PS ratio of 2.5 - 5 for mercuric chloride and at 1.5 for the nitrate salt. For both mercury compounds, 10 mM NaCl protected model membranes from the effects of Hg(II). HgCl2 and Hg(NO3)2 also decreased the fluidity of rat red cell membranes. Maximal effect was observed for 0.4 mM HgCl2 and 0.6 mM Hg(NO3)2, with 0.0125 mg protein/ml. Addition of NaCl to the Hg(II)-red cell system decreased the Hg(II)-induced perturbation of the thermotropic properties. For both membrane systems, the effects observed with Hg(NO3)2 were greater than those with HgCl2, which can be accounted for by the absence of competition with chloride ions in samples containing Hg(NO3)2 . [Cl-] governs the availability of Hg(II) by determining its chemical speciation: increasing [Cl-] generates HgCl3- and HgCl42-, Which do not interact with lipid binding sites. These results indicate th.at besides protein thiol groups, Hg(II)-lipid binding sites play an important role in the interaction of Hg(II) with red cell membranes that is qualitatively different from Hg(II) binding to protein thiol groups. RP DELNOMDEDIEU, M (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90085-D PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LQ414 UT WOS:A1993LQ41400006 PM 8330326 ER PT J AU TELLIARD, WA MCCARTY, HB RIDDICK, LS AF TELLIARD, WA MCCARTY, HB RIDDICK, LS TI RESULTS OF THE INTERLABORATORY VALIDATION-STUDY OF USEPA METHOD 1613 FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TETRA THROUGH OCTACHLORINATED DIOXINS AND FURANS BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION GC/MS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ( DIOXINS-92 ) CY AUG 24-28, 1992 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP INST OCCUPAT HLTH, UNIV TAMPERE DE DIOXINS; FURANS; ISOTOPE DILUTION; INTERLABORATORY; VALIDATION AB The results of an international interlaboratory method validation study were used to revise method performance specifications associated with USEPA Method 1613 for the analysis of tetra- through octachlorinated dioxins and furans by high resolution GC/MS. The study used samples prepared from concentrated extracts to evaluate method performance in wastewater effluents. The results demonstrate the general applicability of the method to monitoring the concentrations of these analytes in the range from 10 to 1000 pg/L. C1 VIAR & CO,300 N LEE ST,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22314. US EPA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90274-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LJ946 UT WOS:A1993LJ94600007 ER PT J AU BIRNBAUM, LS AF BIRNBAUM, LS TI EPAS REASSESSMENT OF DIOXIN RISK - DIRECTED HEALTH RESEARCH SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ( DIOXINS-92 ) CY AUG 24-28, 1992 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP INST OCCUPAT HLTH, UNIV TAMPERE DE EPA; DIOXIN; HEALTH RESEARCH; DOSE RESPONSE; IMMUNOTOXICITY; TEFS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency initiated a reassessment of the risk of exposure to dioxin in the spring of 1991 because of the evolution of scientific thinking as well as the publication of several key experimental studies. This involves a literature reevaluation as well as laboratory studies in both health and ecological risks. One of the major goals is development of a biologically based dose response model. Directed health research involves comparison of sensitive responses in rats and mice, following both acute and chronic exposure, such as enzyme induction in multiple tissues, phosphorylaton responses, tissue dosimetry, and effects on the immune system. The relative potency of 16 dioxin-like chemicals is being compared following chronic exposure in mice for a number of responses in several tissues to better estimate TEFs following low-level, repeated exposures. In addition, the levels of mRNA for induced enzymes is being correlated with the total TEQ in human livers from the general population. RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90328-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LJ946 UT WOS:A1993LJ94600061 ER PT J AU DELLARCO, VL AF DELLARCO, VL TI GENETIC ANOMALIES IN MAMMALIAN GERM-CELLS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL RISK SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 1991 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP WHO, DANISH MINIST ENVIRONM, DANISH MINIST HLTH, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DANISH MED RES COUNCIL, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, NIEHS ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; FEMALE MICE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; MOUSE ZYGOTES; BLEOMYCIN; EXPOSURE; ANEUPLOIDY; RADIATION; DNA AB The induction of heritable mutations in germ cells represents a potential health concern. This paper highlights data from mouse germ-cell mutagenesis studies that have implications in the assessment of reproductive and developmental risks. The paper discusses the developmental and reproductive consequences of induced chromosomal damage (structural rearrangements and numerical anomalies) and describes environmental agents that have been shown to produce such anomalies. Additionally, factors that influence the yield of genetic damage are addressed. Studies showing that the various germ-cell stages vary in their susceptibility to the induction of genetic damage are summarized. Of the chemicals evaluated in the male mouse, most appear to have their predominant or strongest effect on post-stem-cell stages. The differences between males and females in the susceptibility to mutagens is examined. Recent studies have shown that the female may be uniquely sensitive to certain mutagens. Finally, an important aspect of mutagenic risk is not only effects induced in developing germ cells but also the effects of environmental agents during the period from fertilization through the zygote and the two-cell embryo. Recent work in the mouse has demonstrated that exposure during these early developmental stages leads to high frequencies of external and visceral fetal malformations, as well as mid-to-late gestational death. RP DELLARCO, VL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT RD-689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 SU 2 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LY574 UT WOS:A1993LY57400002 PM 8243406 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, CA AF KIMMEL, CA TI APPROACHES TO EVALUATING REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS AND RISKS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SPERMATOGENESIS; FERTILITY; WORKSHOP; RATS AB Development of approaches to risk assessment for reproductive toxicity has aided in the critical evaluation of the scientific basis for interpretation of data and the description of assumptions underlying the process. In addition, it has helped to standardize, to the extent possible, the use of qualitative and quantitative data in the hazard identification and dose-response processes and to identify research needed to fill gaps in the available database. The standard study protocols for evaluating reproductive and developmental hazards include developmental toxicity studies and both short-term and longer-term reproductive studies. These study protocols have been in use for several decades, but development of risk assessment approaches has prompted the recommendation of additional end point measures to these protocols. These include evaluation of specific neurologic and behavioral function of offspring following prenatal and postnatal exposure, evaluation of sperm production and quality, reproductive organ weights, and more in-depth testicular histopathology in males, as well as measures of age at vaginal opening, vaginal cytology, oocyte toxicity, time to mating, gestation length, and reproductive organ weights in females. Current approaches to risk assessment in reproductive toxicity involve the determination of a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the application of uncertainty factors (UFs) to account for differences between the experimental animal species and humans, variability in sensitivity within the human population, and other factors as necessary to derive the reference dose (RfD), or a specified RfD for developmental toxicity to account for the short period of exposure required. Recognized limitations to the NOAEL/UF approach for calculating the RfD have prompted the investigation of alternative approaches, such as the benchmark dose approach, which uses more of the data and takes into consideration the slope of the dose-response curve and the variability in the data. Research to improve risk assessment for reproductive toxicity is needed in a number of areas, particularly improved quantitative risk assessment approaches, both in terms of statistical and biologically based modeling approaches. RP KIMMEL, CA (reprint author), US EPA, REPRODUCT & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH RD-689, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 SU 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.2307/3431387 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LY574 UT WOS:A1993LY57400020 ER PT J AU MARCUS, M SILBERGELD, E MATTISON, D BELLVE, A CHAPIN, R DAVIS, DL ESKENAZI, B FRIEDLER, G KAVLOCK, R LEMASTERS, G LEVINE, R MCDIARMID, M SASSAMAN, A SCHNATTER, AR SCHNORR, T SCHRADER, S SULLIVAN, P AF MARCUS, M SILBERGELD, E MATTISON, D BELLVE, A CHAPIN, R DAVIS, DL ESKENAZI, B FRIEDLER, G KAVLOCK, R LEMASTERS, G LEVINE, R MCDIARMID, M SASSAMAN, A SCHNATTER, AR SCHNORR, T SCHRADER, S SULLIVAN, P TI A REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE 1990S SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 1991 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP WHO, DANISH MINIST ENVIRONM, DANISH MINIST HLTH, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DANISH MED RES COUNCIL, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, NIEHS ID CRITERIA; TOXICITY AB There is substantial scientific and public concern about the potential effects of occupational and environmental toxicants on reproductive health. These effects include impaired functioning of the reproductive systems of men and women as well as a broad spectrum of developmental problems expressed in offspring. Research on reproduction and development is among the most complex undertakings in biomedical research. This complexity is due in part to the intricate biology of reproduction, the multiple targets involved (male, female, and offspring), the uncertainties in extrapolating from animal models to humans, and the problems involved in accurately characterizing exposures and outcomes in epidemiologic investigations. However, given the relatively brief history of research into toxicant-induced reproductive health effects, we have made enormous strides in our knowledge over the past decade. In particular, recent advances in reproductive biology and biotechnology and in the development of biological markers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility are greatly enhancing our ability to study cause-effect relationships. In this paper, the Research Needs Working Group proposes ways to apply existing knowledge to better protect reproductive health and suggests directions for future research. Fulfilling this challenging agenda will require responsible cooperation by labor, industry, government, individual citizens, and the scientific community. Further research and collaboration are essential to both prevent adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes and to formulate a sound scientific basis for policy making. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NATL ACAD SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RADCLIFFE COLL,CAMBRIDGE,MA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. NIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,E MILLSTONE,NJ. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL,LOWELL,MA. RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009; Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874; Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 SU 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.2307/3431392 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LY574 UT WOS:A1993LY57400025 PM 8243388 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP KOERPER, G GUCINSKI, H PETERSON, C DIXON, RK AF TURNER, DP KOERPER, G GUCINSKI, H PETERSON, C DIXON, RK TI MONITORING GLOBAL CHANGE - COMPARISON OF FOREST COVER ESTIMATES USING REMOTE-SENSING AND INVENTORY APPROACHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPROVING NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH MONITORING CY MAR 10-11, 1992 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI AB Satellite-based remote sensing offers great potential for frequent assessment of forest cover over broad spatial scales, however, calibration and validation using ground-based surveys are needed. In this study, forest cover estimates for the United States from a recently developed land surface cover map generated from satellite remote sensing data were compared to state-level inventory data from the U.S. National Resources Planning Act Timber Database. The land cover map was produced at the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center and is based on imagery from the AVHRR sensor (spatial resolution approximately 1.1 km). Vegetation type was classified using the temporal signal in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index derived from AVHRR data. Comparisons revealed close agreement in the estimate of forest cover for extensively forested states with large polygons of relatively similar vegetation such as Oregon. Larger forest cover differences were observed in other states with some regional patterns in the level of agreement apparent. Comparisons in inventory- and remote sensing-based estimates of current forested area with potential vegetation maps indicated the magnitude of past land use change and the potential for future changes. The remote sensing approach appears to hold promise for conducting surveys of forest cover where inventory data are limited or where rates of vegetation change, due to human or climatic factors, are rapid. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1007/BF00547506 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV147 UT WOS:A1993LV14700020 PM 24220843 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 7TH-DAY ADVENTIST RESIDENTS; TERM CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; DAILY MORTALITY; AMBIENT LEVELS; SYMPTOMS; OXIDANTS; HEALTH C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 26 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1083 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LM613 UT WOS:A1993LM61300002 PM 8325268 ER PT J AU OTTO, DA HUDNELL, HK AF OTTO, DA HUDNELL, HK TI THE USE OF VISUAL AND CHEMOSENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CY JUL 08-11, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NASAL-MUCOSA; LEAD; EXPOSURE; STIMULATION; HUMANS; RAT; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; RESPONSES RP OTTO, DA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1100 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LM613 UT WOS:A1993LM61300019 PM 8325262 ER PT J AU SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK DIERKES, JR MONSON, PD ANKLEY, GT AF SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK DIERKES, JR MONSON, PD ANKLEY, GT TI PH-DEPENDENT TOXICITY OF CD, CU, NI, PB AND ZN TO CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA, PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS, HYALELLA-AZTECA AND LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE METAL TOXICITY; PH; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HYALELLA-AZTECA ID AQUATIC BIOTA; METALS; ACIDIFICATION; CADMIUM; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; TROUT; ZINC AB The speciation and bioavailability of metals are known to be affected by pH. Although many studies have focused on effects on metals of pH changes resulting from lake acidification (i.e., pH change 7 to 4), metal toxicity changes at higher pH values (i.e., pH 6-9) are of great interest to those performing effluent and sediment toxicity testing and toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). In addition, most previous studies have addressed metal toxicity changes with pH to water-column organisms rather than to benthic or epibenthic species. We tested the acute toxicity of five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, Hyalella azteca, and Lumbriculus variegatus at three pH values (6.3, 7.3, and 8.3) in very hard reconstituted water (hardness 300-320 mg/L as CaCO3). Toxicity of Cd, Ni, and Zn was greatest at pH 8.3 and least at pH 6.3 to most of these species. Conversely, the toxicity of Cu and Pb was greatest at pH 6.3 and least at pH 8.3 to most of the species. The acute toxicity of most of the metals to Lumbriculus variegatus was very low and occasionally was above the aqueous solubility of the metal salts in the reconstituted water. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,DULUTH,MN 55804. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 24 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 7 U2 54 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1261 EP 1266 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1261:PTOCCN]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LJ282 UT WOS:A1993LJ28200015 ER PT J AU SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K NORWOOD, J HATCH, G AF SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K NORWOOD, J HATCH, G TI COMPARISON OF ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE CELLS AND FLUID FROM HUMANS, GUINEA-PIGS, AND RATS SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE; EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID; ASCORBIC-ACID; VITAMIN-E; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; HUMAN-PLASMA; URIC-ACID; GLUTATHIONE; PULMONARY AB Antioxidants located in the lining layer of the respiratory tract may be important in determining sensitivity of lung tissues to inhaled pollutants. This study addressed species differences in the amounts of ascorbic acid (AH-2), glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), and alpha-tocopherol (AT) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cells of humans, guinea pigs, and rats. Protein and lipid phosphorus (lipid P) were used as normalizing factors. More than 90% of the lavageable AH-2, UA, GSH, protein, and lipid P was present in the extracellular fraction of BAL in rats and guinea pigs, while over 95% of the lavageable AT was located in the BAL cells. BAL fluid AH-2/protein in rats was 7- to 9-fold higher than in humans and guinea pigs. However, human BAL fluid had 2- to 8-fold higher UA/protein, GSH/protein, and AT/protein ratios than rats and guinea pigs. In BAL cells, rats had higher AH-2/protein and AT/protein ratios than guinea pigs and humans, and both rats and guinea pigs had higher GSH and AT/protein ratios than humans. Individual variability among humans in the BAL fluid and cellular antioxidants was generally greater than in the laboratory animals. These data demonstrate that some large species differences exist in BAL fluid and cellular antioxidants which could affect susceptibility to oxidant pollutants. RP SLADE, R (reprint author), US EPA,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 37 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 469 EP 484 DI 10.3109/01902149309064358 PG 16 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LM704 UT WOS:A1993LM70400004 PM 8370346 ER PT J AU KNOEPP, JD TURNER, DP TINGEY, DT AF KNOEPP, JD TURNER, DP TINGEY, DT TI EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE ON NUTRIENT-UPTAKE AND ACTIVITY OF NITROGEN ASSIMILATING ENZYMES IN WESTERN HEMLOCK SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; HIGHER-PLANTS; NITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; METABOLISM; FOREST; PINE; TRANSLOCATION; INHIBITION AB Western hemlock seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions with ammonium, nitrate or ammonium plus nitrate as nitrogen sources. The objectives were to examine ( 1 ) possible selectivity for ammonium or nitrate as an N source, (2) the maintenance of charge balance during ammonium and nitrate uptake, and (3) the activity of the nitrogen assimilating enzymes, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, in relation to the uptake of different nitrogen sources. The uptake studies revealed that western hemlock takes up ammonium faster than nitrate and that ammonium partially inhibits nitrate uptake. Efflux of H+, 1.26 muequiv H+ muequiv -1 NH4+, occurred to maintain charge balance in plants utilizing ammonium nitrogen whereas potassium served as a counter-ion in the uptake of nitrate. Nitrate reductase activity varied with nitrate availability in root tissue, but showed no response in needles. There was no glutamine synthetase response to differing nitrogen sources or uptake rates in root tissue, and little response in needles. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in root tissue varied significantly with nitrogen source, being greatest in treatments containing ammonium. Results indicate that western hemlock may be adapted to sites where NH4+ is the predominant N source. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90001-4 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LP804 UT WOS:A1993LP80400001 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM WILLIAMS, WC AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM WILLIAMS, WC TI METHOXYACETALDEHYDE, AN INTERMEDIATE METABOLITE OF 2-METHOXYETHANOL, IS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE IN THE RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; MONOBUTYL ETHER 2-BUTOXYETHANOL; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; MONOETHYL ETHERS; MICE; TERATOGENICITY; IMMUNOTOXICITY; ACETALDEHYDE RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD 92,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1064 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LM171 UT WOS:A1993LM17100001 PM 8365577 ER PT J AU HIGUCHI, MA DAVIES, DW AF HIGUCHI, MA DAVIES, DW TI AN AMMONIA ABATEMENT SYSTEM FOR WHOLE-BODY SMALL ANIMAL INHALATION EXPOSURES TO ACID AEROSOLS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Conducting whole-body acid aerosol inhalation exposures of laboratory animals is complicated by ammonia arising from the excrement of the test animals which is sufficient to completely neutralize much of the acid aerosol. The neutralization of acid by ammonia can only be controlled by the use of head-only exposure systems (Schlesinger et al., 198.3), which are tedious for repetitive exposures for large numbers of rodents, or by complete elimination of ammonia as it is formed during the whole-body exposure. This latter approach appears to be most appropriate; therefore, the development of a small animal whole-body ammonia reduction system (SAWBARS) for inhalation exposures was desirable for long-term rodent exposure studies. The removal of ammonia was accomplished by designing and fabricating stainless steel excreta pan manifolds to exhaust ammonia from the pans as it was generated. These manifolds were situated between neomycin-treated paper lining the excreta pans and a stainless steel screen that kept animal feces from entering the pans. Most ammonia is generated by the interaction of fecal urease bacteria with urinary urea and nitrogen products (Phalen, 1984). In addition, all chamber air influent was conditioned by a wet scrubber to remove ambient ammonia, minimizing background levels of the vapor. Total chamber air effluent was exhausted through the excreta pan manifolds. The modification effectively removed up to 99% of the ammonia from the chamber atmosphere when incorporated with daily animal bedding changes during non-exposure periods. After incorporating the steps described, ammonia concentrations ranged from 13 to 25 ppb, with a mean of 20 ppb, for a chamber animal loading of twenty-nine guinea pigs (0. 15% kg/l). Additionally, the ammonia levels in the chamber continued to decline over the 4-hour test period. This was believed to be associated with the continued desorption of ammonia from the animals' fur. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HIGUCHI, MA (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,INHALAT EXPOSURE GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 333 EP 343 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LQ572 UT WOS:A1993LQ57200007 ER PT J AU GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM AF GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM TI USING COMPUTER-MODELS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF STORAGE ON WATER-QUALITY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS AB Studies have indicated that water quality is degraded as a result of long residence times in storage tanks, highlighting the importance of tank design, location, and operation. Computer models, developed to explain some of the mixing and distribution issues associated with tank operation, were successfully used to predict the effect of tank design and operation on various water quality parameters. But because of the diversity of the effects and the wide range of design and environmental conditions, general design specifications for tanks are unlikely. Rather, the authors recommend that modeling be refined to facilitate site-specific analysis. C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 85 IS 7 BP 67 EP 77 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LZ272 UT WOS:A1993LZ27200009 ER PT J AU LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR DUES, NR CLARK, PJ AF LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR DUES, NR CLARK, PJ TI INVESTIGATING THE PREFERENTIAL DISSOLUTION OF LEAD FROM SOLDER PARTICULATES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER; SPECIATION; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; TIN AB During a building corrosion control study, bottles containing acid-preserved water samples with high levels of lead often had particulate material on the bottom. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the particles showed the presence of tin and the absence of lead, indicating the probable source of lead to be lead-tin solder. A leaching study was done to investigate the effectiveness of the standard 0.15 percent nitric acid preservation procedure for dissolving lead corrosion by-products. Results indicate that the technique was adequate for dissolving lead from lead-tin solder particles but not for tin. C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,TOX SYBST BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LYTLE, DA (reprint author), US EPA,68G,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 85 IS 7 BP 104 EP 110 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LZ272 UT WOS:A1993LZ27200013 ER PT J AU SHOEMAKER, JA BELLAR, TA EICHELBERGER, JW BUDDE, WL AF SHOEMAKER, JA BELLAR, TA EICHELBERGER, JW BUDDE, WL TI DETERMINATION OF POLAR VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER BY MEMBRANE PERMEATE AND TRAP GC-MS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SELECTIVE INTRODUCTION; PROBE; INTERFACE RP SHOEMAKER, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LL776 UT WOS:A1993LL77600004 ER PT J AU SMITH, CN PARRISH, RS AF SMITH, CN PARRISH, RS TI A FIELD-STUDY TO EVALUATE LEACHING OF ALDICARB, METOLACHLOR, AND BROMIDE IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ROOT ZONE MODEL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PESTICIDES; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT; WATER AB Transport and transformation of pesticides used in agricultural situations are subject to variability from several sources that are impossible to simulate in laboratory settings. This study was conducted to characterize pesticide leaching behavior under conventional cropping conditions and to determine the impacts of related sources of variability. An agricultural field site (Ardilla fine sandy loam, Clarendon loamy sand, Tifton loamy sand, and Lucy loamy sand) located within the Dougherty Plain region of southwest Georgia was used to study pesticide movement in unsaturated and saturated soil zones from 1984 through 1988. A granular formulation of aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), an emulsifiable concentrate of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide], and a bromide (Br-) tracer were applied on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) crops under modified conventional tillage practices. Postapplication vertical movement was monitored for periods of up to 111 d for pesticides and 1307 d for Br-. Application distributions for aldicarb showed measured coefficients of variation ranging from 42 to 72, and for metolachlor from 23 to 44. Spatial variability analyses indicated the existence of small-scale correlation for both pesticides upon initial application, and some large-scale trending was observed for metolachlor. Field-based transformation rates of aldicarb were up to three times higher than laboratory-based values. There was no evidence of migration of any of the pesticides into the saturated zone during the study, although Br- was observed at less than 1 mg kg-1 in well-water samples. Aldicarb degraded almost completely within 90 d each year, and it was not observed below 1.2 m. Metolachlor profiles always showed concentrations decreasing with increasing depth, and there was no significant movement below 0.3 m. Bromide was observed in soil samples as deep as 3 m only on the 1307th d, and the profiles showed peak concentrations no lower than 1.5 m with relative vertical dispersion increasing continuously. C1 SQC SYST,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP SMITH, CN (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 562 EP 577 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200022 ER PT J AU OLSZYK, D BYTNEROWICZ, A KATS, G REAGAN, C HAKE, S KERBY, T MILLHOUSE, D ROBERTS, B ANDERSON, C LEE, H AF OLSZYK, D BYTNEROWICZ, A KATS, G REAGAN, C HAKE, S KERBY, T MILLHOUSE, D ROBERTS, B ANDERSON, C LEE, H TI PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS - COTTON YIELD LOSSES AND AMBIENT OZONE CONCENTRATIONS IN CALIFORNIA SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-REGRESSION; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; CROP YIELD; AIR AB Based on controlled experiments and simulation modeling, ozone (O3) has been estimated to cause significant yield losses to cotton. The study reported here was conducted to verify losses for 'Acala' cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. 'SJ2') along a gradient of ambient O3 concentrations across the San Joaquin Valley in California. Cotton was grown in nonfiltered (NF) and charcoal-filtered (CF) open-top chambers, and ambient air (AA) at four sites during the 1988 and 1989 summer growing seasons. Cotton yields (weights of mature bolls m-2) were reduced in NF compared with CF air in general proportion to O3 concentrations across all sites and years. Greatest cotton yield losses were as Shafter in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley (20% in 1989), and lowest losses were at Five Points in the western part of the valley (none in 1989). Ozone injury symptoms on cotton were most noticeable in areas with greatest yield losses. Linear O3 exposure vs. predicted relative yield loss models using four common exposure indices were constructed for each site and year based on the NF, CF, and AA data. All models except the second highest daily maximum concentration (2ndHDM, the current ambient air quality standard for O3) predicted yield losses comparable to those predicted with previously published models for cotton in the San Joaquin Valley. Ozone exposure indices giving more weight to higher O3 concentrations or the 7-h daytime mean better predicted cotton yield responses over the growing season than 2ndHDM. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. USDA,COTTON RES STN,SHAFTER,CA 93263. BASF CORP,DINUBA,CA 93618. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,VISALIA,CA 93291. UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,HANFORD,CA 93230. RP OLSZYK, D (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 602 EP 611 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT892 UT WOS:A1993LT89200027 ER PT J AU MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH HARTEN, TM AF MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH HARTEN, TM TI IMPROVING INTERFIBER BONDING OF RECYCLED FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIBER BONDING; RECLAIMED FIBERS; OZONE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CHLORITES; NEWSPRINT; RECYCLING; BONDING STRENGTH; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; WATER MANAGEMENT AB Gas phase treatments of dry-fiberized newsprint were investigated as a way to improve interfibre bonding and thereby to minimize the use of water for recycling newsprint. Chlorine dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were studied as gaseous oxidizing agents. The report includes the results of an optimization study for the ozone treatment and results of experiments designed to establish the mechanism by which ozone enhances interfibre bond strength. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP MINOR, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA 1155 METCALFE ST, SUN LIFE BLDG, STE 1900, MONTREAL PQ H3B 4T6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP J152 EP J155 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA LP497 UT WOS:A1993LP49700003 ER PT J AU MOSSA, J SCHUMACHER, BA AF MOSSA, J SCHUMACHER, BA TI FOSSIL TREE CASTS IN SOUTH LOUISIANA SOILS SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOESS AB Cylindrical structures up to 70 cm or more in diameter and 100 cm or greater in depth are found in soils on upland landscapes in south Louisiana. The cylinders are in two stratigraphic units differing in age and lithology, the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene Citronelle Formation and the overlying Sicily Island Loess (thermoluminescence-dated at 75,000-95,000 B.P.). By morphology and stratigraphy we infer that the cylinders are fossil tree-root casts preserved by pedogenesis and diagenesis. The cylinders can be divided into circumferential zones including a reduced core and an indurated rim that are morphologically, physically, and chemically distinct from each other and from the surrounding soil. In the Citronelle Formation, the rim can be subdivided into an inner rim, a black band, and an outer rim; a transition zone between the core and the rim also may be present. Differences in time of development and lithology have resulted in differences in the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the cylinders, but their effects could not be separated. Our model for these tree-root casts explains how they were formed and preserved. C1 US EPA,MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP MOSSA, J (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT GEOG,3141 TURLINGTON HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD JUL PY 1993 VL 63 IS 4 BP 707 EP 713 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA LQ114 UT WOS:A1993LQ11400015 ER PT J AU WAYLAND, R HARNESS, RL FLANIGAN, F AF WAYLAND, R HARNESS, RL FLANIGAN, F TI WHAT PROGRESS IN IMPROVING WATER-QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. RP WAYLAND, R (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LM065 UT WOS:A1993LM06500008 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF ZENICK, H HAYES, CG AF MCDONNELL, WF ZENICK, H HAYES, CG TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY OZONE EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH-PROGRAM - A STRATEGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT OZONE EXPOSURE UPON MORBIDITY IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; BRONCHIOLES; EXERCISE; PPM AB The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 mandate a future reduction of ambient ozone levels in many areas of the country, the cost of which will be great. In order to assess the current public health burden of ambient ozone exposure and to provide information for assessment of potential health benefits of improved air quality, the Health Effects Research Laboratory of the U.S. EPA has undertaken an Ozone Epidemiology Research Program. The research strategy which will guide this scientific program is described in this paper. Criteria for selection of important research questions as well as issues which cut across all questions and study designs are discussed. In particular, this program emphasizes the study of effects which reflect morbidity in the population. The three questions identified as being of most immediate importance involve the relationship of short-term ambient ozone exposure to acute respiratory illness, the relationship of recurrent exposure to chronic respiratory disease, and the relationship of recurrent exposure to development of acute respiratory illness. Specific research approaches and initial projects to address these three questions are described. RP MCDONNELL, WF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7 BP 950 EP 954 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LN386 UT WOS:A1993LN38600003 ER PT J AU MARCINOWSKI, F NAPOLITANO, S AF MARCINOWSKI, F NAPOLITANO, S TI REDUCING THE RISKS FROM RADON SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that residential radon levels in the United States lead to approximately 13,600 lung cancer deaths per year. To address this problem, the Agency has identified three program initiatives that can provide substantial reductions in the public's risks: (1) public information activities that urge the public to test for radon and reduce elevated concentrations in existing homes, (2) new construction standards to reduce radon entry, and (3) radon testing and mitigation during real estate transactions. This paper analyzes the costs and risk reductions that could result from the implementation of these major initiatives, showing how all three elements cost-effectively protect the public's health. C1 ICF INC,FAIRFAX,VA. RP MARCINOWSKI, F (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR,DIV RADON,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 7 BP 955 EP 962 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LN386 UT WOS:A1993LN38600004 ER PT J AU OLIVEIRA, MFT HAWKINS, WE OVERSTREET, RM FOURNIE, JW AF OLIVEIRA, MFT HAWKINS, WE OVERSTREET, RM FOURNIE, JW TI CALYPTOSPORA-FUNDULI (APICOMPLEXA, CALYPTOSPORIDAE) IN THE LIVER OF THE GULF TOADFISH, OPSANUS-BETA SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE PROTOZOA; COCCIDIA; CALYPTOSPORA-FUNDULI; FISH; LIVER; HOST SPECIFICITY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AB Oocysts of the apicomplexan protozoan Calyptospora funduli were found in the liver of a gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). The infected specimen was 1 of 54 (1.9%) toadfish livers examined histologically. The paraffin-embedded specimen containing the infection as well as similar material from Fundulus similis were processed for scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examination to view diagnostic surface features of C funduli sporocysts. SEM examination confirmed sporopodia and a thin veil surrounding each of the 4 sporocysts per oocyst. Although a single case, the toadfish infection expands the broad host specificity of C funduli to include a host other than an atheriniform fish species. C1 US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP OLIVEIRA, MFT (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,DEPT BIOL,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 2 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA LV585 UT WOS:A1993LV58500023 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP TI TOXICITY OF 1,1,1-TRICHLORO-2-PROPANONE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; CHLORINATION; PULP AB 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanone (1,1,1-TCP) has been identified as a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water supplies. Since little was known of its oral toxicity, exposure studies were conducted with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (10 males and 10 females/group) exposed by corn oil gavage at 0, 16, 48, 16 1, or 483 mg/kg for 10 d or 0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg for 90 d. Evaluations included mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross pathology, and histopathology. In the 10-d study, severe toxicity was observed at the highest dose level, since most treated animals (8/10 males and 7/10 females) died. Toxicity was also noted at 161 and 48 mg/kg. At 161 mg/kg, 2 males died and an increase in liver weights in both sexes was observed. Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach was present in males and females at 48 mg/kg and above. In the 90-d study, toxicity was significant at 270 mg/kg, with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach evident in most animals and ataxia in about one-half of them. Retinal degeneration, increased serum potassium, and increased blood urea nitrogen were present in females and increased blood calcium in males at that same dose level. Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis were observed in both sexes, and retinal degeneration was prominent in 2 females at 90 mg/kg. It was concluded that 16 mg/kg was the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for the 10-d study while 30 mg/kg was the NOAEL for the 90-d exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to 1,1,1,-trichloro-2-propanone. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUL PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 383 EP 393 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LM545 UT WOS:A1993LM54500006 PM 8350384 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, DL WHITE, D JOHNSON, B AF PHILLIPS, DL WHITE, D JOHNSON, B TI IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS FOR SOIL-EROSION POTENTIAL IN THE USA SO LAND DEGRADATION AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE SOIL EROSION POTENTIAL; CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR SOIL EROSION; USA; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; USLE; SHEET EROSION PREDICTION; RILL EROSION PREDICTION AB Atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) project that increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases may result in global changes in temperature and precipitation over the next 40-100 years. Equilibrium climate scenarios from four GCMs run under doubled CO2 conditions were examined for their effect on the climatic potential for sheet and rill erosion in the conterminous USA. Changes in the mean annual rainfall factor (R) in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were calculated for each cropland, pastureland and rangeland sample point in the 1987 National Resources Inventory. Projected annual precipitation changes were assumed to be from differences in either storm frequency or storm intensity. With all other USLE factors held constant these changes in R translated to changes in the sheet and rill erosion national average of +2 to +16 per cent in croplands, -2 to +10 per cent in pasturelands and 5 to +22 per cent in rangelands under the eight scenarios. Land with erosion rates above the soil loss tolerance (T) level and land classified as highly erodible (erodibility index >8) also increased slightly. The results varied from model to model, region to region and depended on the assumption of frequency versus intensity changes. These results show the range of sensitivity of soil erosion potential by water under projected climate change scenarios. However, actual changes in soil erosion could be mitigated by alterations in cropping patterns and other management practices, or possibly by increased crop growth and residue production under higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. RP PHILLIPS, DL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 0 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0898-5812 J9 LAND DEGRAD REHABIL JI Land Degrad. Rehabil. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 4 IS 2 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1002/ldr.3400040202 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA LK776 UT WOS:A1993LK77600001 ER PT J AU FISHER, WS FOSS, SS AF FISHER, WS FOSS, SS TI A SIMPLE TEST FOR TOXICITY OF NUMBER-2 FUEL-OIL AND OIL DISPERSANTS TO EMBRYOS OF GRASS SHRIMP, PALAEMONETES-PUGIO SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A simple test, using embryos of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, was employed to determine the toxicity of two commercial oil dispersants (Corexit 7664 and Corexit 9527) and toxicity of the water soluble fraction of Number 2 fuel oil (WSF(oil)) prepared with and without the addition of the dispersants. Tests revealed P. pugio embryos were similar to previously measured life stages in their sensitivity to WSF(oil) prepared without dispersants. They were approximately ten times more sensitive to water soluble fractions of dispersed oil, which may have been due to the increases in total hydrocarbons (measured analytically). Both temperature and salinity of the sea water affected toxicity of WSF prepared with dispersants, the most obvious effect being earlier onset of mortalities at higher temperatures. Differences observed in the onset of mortalities with WSF prepared with and without dispersants implicated egg-casing permeability as a factor in toxicity. The shrimp embryo toxicity test, described here for the first time, exhibited highly significant results, outstanding reproducibility and virtually 100% response within a narrow time interval. RP US EPA, GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB, CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 26 IS 7 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90186-N PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LP461 UT WOS:A1993LP46100008 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL TI DNA PURIFICATION BY POLYCARBONATE FILTERS SO METHODS AND FINDINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA PURIFICATION; DNA ISOLATION; POLYCARBONATE FILTER; ALKALINE ELUTION; SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE; PROTEINASE-K AB Organic solvent free procedures are decribed for the purification of mammalian DNA from rat liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain. The basis of the purification procedures are the use of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and inert polycarbonate filters with 2 mcm pores which retain long macromolecules such as DNA while allowing other cellular constituents to pass through the pores. Neither proteinase K nor use of peristaltic pumps were found to be absolutely required for DNA purification, although it is desirable to use peristaltic pumps to control solution flow rates. Of the 12 different procedures (1.2-4.2 h required) evaluated purified mammalian DNA contained from 0 detectable to 1.5% of the original protein remaining as a contaminant. With the 4 recommended procedures, the average of 8 experimental values of DNA to protein ratios was 1.81. Depending on the diameter of the individual filter, about 12-90 mcg of rat liver DNA can be purified from each separate tissue or cell sample. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU J R PROUS SA PI BARCELONA PA APARTADO DE CORREOS 540, PROVENZA 388, 08025 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0379-0355 J9 METHOD FIND EXP CLIN JI Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 15 IS 6 BP 387 EP 393 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LX453 UT WOS:A1993LX45300007 PM 8231458 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD CHAPIN, RE EREXSON, GL GERMOLEC, DR KWANYUEN, P YANG, RSH AF KLIGERMAN, AD CHAPIN, RE EREXSON, GL GERMOLEC, DR KWANYUEN, P YANG, RSH TI ANALYSES OF CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE IN RODENTS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SIMULATED GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES AND A FERTILIZER SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; RODENTS; GROUNDWATER ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE DBCP; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; CARBAMATE PESTICIDE; DOMINANT LETHAL; INDUCTION; CELLS; GENOTOXICITY AB Male Fischer 344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice were each exposed through their drinking water to a mixture of pesticides and ammonium nitrate that simulated contaminated groundwater in California (California Chemical Mixture [CCM]). Exposures were for 71 or 91 days, respectively. In addition, B6C3F1 female mice were exposed for 91 days to another pesticide and ammonium nitrate mixture (Iowa Chemical Mixture [ICM]) through their drinking water. The spleens were removed from the animals, and the splenocytes were cultured for analyses of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CA), and micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-induced binucleate cells. A concentration-related increase in SCEs was found in the splenocytes of the rat at the 1 x , 10 x and 100 x levels of the CCM and at the 100 x concentration of the CCM in the mouse. There were no other consistent cytogenetic effects observed with the CCM, and no statistically significant cytogenetic damage was observed in mice exposed to the ICM. Evidence from the literature is discussed in order to infer which chemical or chemicals in the CCM might be responsible for the observed SCE response. C1 NIEHS, DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA. NIEHS, IMMUNOTOXICOL GRP, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA, DIV GENET TOXICOL, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, MAIL DROP 68, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES JI Mutat. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 300 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(93)90130-6 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LJ660 UT WOS:A1993LJ66000008 PM 7685493 ER PT J AU CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE AF CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE TI AVAILABILITY OF THE GENE-TOX DATABASE ON THE NATIONAL-LIBRARY-OF-MEDICINE TOXNET SYSTEM SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE GENE-TOX; TOXNET; NLM; COMPUTERIZED MUTAGENICITY; DATABASE RP CIMINO, MC (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW TS796,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUL PY 1993 VL 297 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(93)90009-C PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LK294 UT WOS:A1993LK29400005 PM 7686275 ER PT J AU ALLEN, AR MACPHAIL, RC AF ALLEN, AR MACPHAIL, RC TI BITERTANOL, A TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE, INCREASES OPERANT RESPONDING BUT NOT MOTOR-ACTIVITY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BITERTANOL; OPERANT; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PESTICIDE; RATS; STIMULANT; FIXED-INTERVAL ID TRIADIMEFON; METHYLPHENIDATE; HYPERACTIVITY; SCHEDULE; BEHAVIOR; RATS AB Several recent reports indicate that triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, has effects on behavior that are similar to those of psychomotor stimulants. For example, triadimefon increases overall fixed-interval (FI) response rate, disrupts FI response patterning, increases motor activity, and produces stereotypies at high doses. The present study was designed to determine whether similar behavioral effects on Fl performance and motor activity could be produced by another triazole fungicide, bitertanol. The effects of bitertanol (10-300 mg/kg, IP) were determined in rats on performance maintained under a multiple Fl 1-min FI 5-min schedule of reinforcement. Intermediate doses of bitertanol increased response rates and disrupted response patterning in both FI components. A second experiment determined the effects of the same doses of bitertanol on motor activity. In contrast to its effects on operant responding, bitertanol did not increase motor activity at any of the doses tested. These findings indicate that the behavioral similarities between bitertanol and triadimefon are limited and that a dissociation exists between bitertanol's effects on operant performance and motor activity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90004-8 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA LR738 UT WOS:A1993LR73800004 PM 8413077 ER PT J AU GILBERT, ME LLORENS, J AF GILBERT, ME LLORENS, J TI DELAY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMYGDALA KINDLING FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KINDLING; IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; IDPN; AMYGDALA; SEIZURE; PLASTICITY; PENTYLENETETRAZOL ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; OLFACTORY-BULB; AXOSPINOUS SYNAPSES; MEMORY DEFICITS; SPATIAL MEMORY; PERFORANT PATH; RAT; IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; SEIZURES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB A disruption in cognitive function and induction of astrogliosis in the brain have been reported as neurotoxic effects of 3-3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). Kindling is a model of synaptic plasticity that produces functional and structural alterations in brain that may encompass those underlying learning and memory. We examined kindling development in rats exposed to IDPN as neonates (0 or 225 mg/kg on postnatal days 5-7) or as adults (0 or 200 mg/kg/day for 3 days at 2-3 months of age). As adults, animals were electrically kindled in the amygdala with once daily stimulation until fully generalized seizures were evoked. IDPN significantly retarded the rate of development of kindling and shortened the mean afterdischarge (AD) duration with successive stimulations in animals dosed as adults. Neonatally-treated animals were not significantly slower to kindle but did demonstrate protracted AD development. No effect on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures was seen. IDPN's reported effects on biogenic amines or its olfactory toxicity cannot readily account for the delay in kindling. Alternatively, we propose that disruption of synaptic transmission consequent to IDPN-induced neuronal degeneration in the CNS may contribute to an impairment of kindling. C1 MANTECH TECHNOL SERV INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GILBERT, ME (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-8,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008 OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90005-9 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA LR738 UT WOS:A1993LR73800005 PM 8413078 ER PT J AU ELSTEIN, KH ZUCKER, RM SHUEY, DL LAU, C CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM AF ELSTEIN, KH ZUCKER, RM SHUEY, DL LAU, C CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM TI UTILITY OF THE MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIC CELL (MELC) IN ASSESSING MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DNA-ACTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS - APPLICATION TO 5-FLUOROURACIL SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; PHOSPHORAMIDE MUSTARD; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE; RAT EMBRYOS; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TERATOGENESIS; THYMINELESS DEATH; CYTO-TOXICITY; MOUSE; INVITRO; 4-HYDROXYCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AB Murine erythroleukemic cells (MELC) exposed to 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine (D-AZA) or to the active cyclophosphamide (CP) metabolites phosphoramide mustard (PAM) and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (OHCP) exhibit cell-cycle perturbations similar to those seen in limb bud nuclei of gestational day (GD) 10 CD-1 mouse embryos exposed in utero to D-AZA or CP, respectively. The similarities in response suggest MELC may be a useful model for determining mechanisms of action of DNA-active developmental toxicants. As such, we used the MELC model to investigate the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite that induced in GD 14 rat fetuses an apparent S-phase accumulation in limb cells 8 hr after in utero exposure, but S-phase depletion in liver cells 24 hr postexposure. MELC timed-recovery and synchronization studies suggest that in proliferative tissues, 5-FU induces an early S-phase accumulation, followed by a synchronous, concentration-dependent delay in progression through the cell cycle. Consequently, it is the tissue-specific rate of delay, rather than different mechanisms of action, that results in apparent tissue-specific perturbations. Moreover, growth and cell-cycle data suggest that cells entering S phase (when TS activity is greatest) are the most sensitive to 5-FU toxicity. Assays of the TS activity of recovering MELC reveal that although the initial extent of TS inhibition does not appear to be concentration-dependent, the time to recovery is, suggesting that the rate of S-phase progression is closely associated with TS activity. Together, the induction of similar cell-cycle perturbations in embryonic/fetal tissues and MELC following exposure to CP (or CP metabolites), D-AZA, or 5-FU, as well as the adaptability of MELC to a variety of kinetic assays suggests that, for those developmental toxicants suspected of inducing cell-cycle perturbations in embryonic/fetal tissues, MELC may prove useful for elucidating mechanisms of action. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480112 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LH937 UT WOS:A1993LH93700011 PM 7688913 ER PT J AU KEDDERIS, LB MILLS, JJ ANDERSEN, ME BIRNBAUM, LS AF KEDDERIS, LB MILLS, JJ ANDERSEN, ME BIRNBAUM, LS TI A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR 2,3,7,8-TETRABROMODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TBDD) IN THE RAT - TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND CYP1A INDUCTION SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-P-450 ISOZYMES; DERMAL ABSORPTION; EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; AH RECEPTOR; DISPOSITION; BINDING; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; EXCRETION; AGONISTS; P-450D C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 121 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1132 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LM692 UT WOS:A1993LM69200012 PM 8337704 ER PT J AU LUCIER, G CLARK, G HIERMATH, C TRITSCHER, A SEWALL, C HUFF, J AF LUCIER, G CLARK, G HIERMATH, C TRITSCHER, A SEWALL, C HUFF, J TI CARCINOGENICITY OF TCDD IN LABORATORY-ANIMALS - IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BREAST-CANCER-CELLS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; NUCLEAR ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HEPATIC PLASMA-MEMBRANE; RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; AH-RECEPTOR C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LUCIER, G (reprint author), NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,BIOCHEM RISK ANAL LAB,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 179 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 631 EP 668 PG 38 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MD216 UT WOS:A1993MD21600006 PM 8296316 ER PT J AU PULS, RW PAUL, CJ CLARK, DA AF PULS, RW PAUL, CJ CLARK, DA TI SURFACE CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON COLLOID STABILITY AND TRANSPORT THROUGH NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON COLLOIDS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT CY SEP 07-08, 1992 CL UNIV COLL LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND SP SOC CHEM IND, EUROPEAN ENVIRONM RES ORG, INT ASSOC COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENTISTS, BRIT NUCL FUELS, ECC INT, ICI, COLLOID SCI GRP, UNILEVER RES HO UNIV COLL LONDON DE COLLOID STABILITY; NATURAL POROUS MEDIA; PARTICLE TRANSPORT; SURFACE CHEMICAL EFFECTS ID HYDROUS OXIDE; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; WATER; CONTAMINANTS; MOBILIZATION AB Surface chemical effects on colloidal stability and transport through porous media were investigated using laboratory column techniques. Approximately 100 nm diameter, spherical, iron oxide particles were synthesized as the mobile colloidal phase. The column packing material was retrieved from a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA. Previous studies have indicated enhanced stability and transport of iron oxide particles due to specific adsorption of some inorganic anions on the iron oxide surface. This phenomenon was further evaluated with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Surfactants constitute a significant mass of the contaminant loading at the Cape Cod site and their presence may contribute to colloidal transport as a significant transport mechanism at the site. Other studies at the site have previously demonstrated the occurrence of this transport mechanism for iron phosphate particles. Photon correlation spectroscopy, micro-electrophoretic mobility, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate particle stability, mobility and size. Adsorption of negatively charged organic and inorganic species onto the surface of the iron oxide particles was shown to significantly enhance particle stability and transport through alterations of the electrokinetic properties of the particle surface. Particle breakthrough generally occurred simultaneously with tritiated water, a conservative tracer. The extent of particle breakthrough was primarily dependent upon colloidal stability and surface charge. C1 MAN TECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ADA,OK 74820. RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUN 29 PY 1993 VL 73 BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LP046 UT WOS:A1993LP04600021 ER PT J AU WEST, CW MATTSON, VR LEONARD, EN PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT AF WEST, CW MATTSON, VR LEONARD, EN PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT TI COMPARISON OF THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF 3 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES TO COPPER-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS FROM THE KEWEENAW WATERWAY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; COPPER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; TOXICITY; KEWEENAW WATERWAY ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; HYALELLA-AZTECA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; CADMIUM; ENDRIN; MACROINVERTEBRATES; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; BIOAVAILABILITY; OLIGOCHAETE AB The Keweenaw Peninsula in northern Michigan was once a major copper mining area and these mining activities were responsible for depositing tons of tailings in and around the Keweenaw Waterway. In recent years there has been concern about possible toxic effects of the contaminated sediments on aquatic communities in the system. In the fall of 1990, sediments were collected from various locations along the Waterway. Ten-day tests were conducted with the samples using three species of benthic invertebrates that have been proposed as suitable for evaluating the toxicity of freshwater sediments: Hyalella azteca (amphipods), Chironomus tentans (chironomids) and Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaetes). A number of sediments were toxic to one or more of the three species and, in general, there was good agreement among the tests with regard to identifying toxic samples. Unexpectedly, the relative sensitivity of the three species to the test sediments was not accurately predicted from water-only copper exposures. This indicates that factors modifying exposure, such as different lifestyles and/or varying sensitivity to physico-chemical characteristics of sediments can influence results of sediment toxicity tests. RP WEST, CW (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN 25 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1007/BF00010989 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LR632 UT WOS:A1993LR63200005 ER PT J AU COUCH, JA AF COUCH, JA TI LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC COMPARISONS OF NORMAL HEPATOCYTES AND NEOPLASTIC HEPATOCYTES OF WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS IN A TELEOST FISH SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; LIVER; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; INDUCTION; HEPATOMAS; EXPOSURE; LESIONS; MODEL AB Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC's) induced in the sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus with N-nitrosodiethylamine permitted light microscopical and ultrastructural comparisons of normal hepatocytes and adjacent HCC cells. Normal hepatocytes contained typical organelles with their intracellular distribution similar to that described for other teleosts. These cells revealed a strong compartmentalization of organelles consisting of restricted perinuclear cytoplasm containing rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria; most of the rest of the cell's cytoplasm volume was filled with beta-glycogen particles. Adjacent HCC cells at the border of the neoplasm interdigitated (invaded) between normal hepatocytes and replaced normal hepatocytes close to the HCC edge and adjacent to the bile canaliculi. Within the HCC, cells had little intercellular space between them and atypical bile canaliculi were found occasionally between adjacent hepatocytes. The HCC cells appeared to differ mainly in a quantitative, rather than in a qualitative fashion, and in the distribution of organelles from normal hepatocytes. HCC cells were not compartmentalized; their organelles (RER and mitochondria) were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and only small amounts of glycogen remained diffusely distributed or in small masses or foci. Mitochondrial intermembrane myelin bodies (MMB's) were found frequently in the HCC cells but less frequently in the normal hepatocytes. Some cells at the edge of the HCCs appeared to be intermediate between inner HCC cells and normal hepatocytes in terms of abundance and distribution of organelles and glycogen. The possible significance of the MMB's and intermediate, edge cells is discussed, as well as the need to better characterize features of well-differentiated hepatic neoplasms in order to assure their proper inclusion in neoplasm incidence/prevalence data in fish carcinogenesis assays and field studies. RP COUCH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 24 PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3354/dao016001 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA LY536 UT WOS:A1993LY53600001 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WILLIAMS, RW ALLISON, JC HAYES, YO CHANG, JJ AF CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WILLIAMS, RW ALLISON, JC HAYES, YO CHANG, JJ TI POTENTIATION OF 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE GENOTOXICITY IN FISCHER-344 RATS BY PRETREATMENT WITH AROCLOR-1254 SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE HEPATOCARCINOGEN; AROCLOR-1254, SUSPECT CARCINOGEN; GENOTOXIC CHEMICAL INTERACTION; INCREASED GI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; POTENTIATED DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; ELEVATED URINARY MUTAGENIC METABOLITES ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; DNA ADDUCTS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; CD-1 MICE; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLISM; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION AB Pretreatment of Fischer 344 rats for 5 weeks with Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, potentiated the genotoxicity of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), a component of an industrial chemical used in the production of polyurethane foams. This interaction resulted from Aroclor 1254-mediated bioactivation of DNT to markedly greater levels of the genotoxic metabolites, that were excreted in urine and formed DNA adducts in the liver. A significant increase in the excretion of mutagenic urinary DNT metabolites was observed after the first week of Aroclor 1254 treatment, peaked at week 2 and then declined by nearly 25% at week 4. Nevertheless, by week 5, there was almost a 4-fold increase in the formation of hepatic DNA adducts. Significantly elevated hepatic metabolism and increased beta-glucuronidase in the small intestine and cecum, at 4 weeks, may account for the increased adducts and decreased urinary mutagens. Altered nitroreductase activity, reduced pH, and changes in the microfloral population may also play a role in the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the bioactivation of DNT. Such chemical interactions could be important to predictive risk assessment because the overall cancer risk of the mixture would exceed that determined by the current guidelines for chemical mixtures. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CHADWICK, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ENVIRONM RES CTR MD68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 11 PY 1993 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90178-U PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LL613 UT WOS:A1993LL61300006 PM 8327998 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR LEVITSKY, A STEIN, SE AF SCOTT, DR LEVITSKY, A STEIN, SE TI LARGE-SCALE EVALUATION OF A PATTERN-RECOGNITION EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR MASS-SPECTRAL MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ESTIMATION SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; EXPERT SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT ESTIMATION ID INFORMATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXIC COMPOUNDS; DATA-BASE; CLASSIFICATION AB A previously developed fast, personal-computer based method of estimating molecular weights of organic compounds from low resolution mass spectra has been thoroughly evaluated. The method is based on a rule-based pattern recognition/expert system approach which uses empirical linear corrections which are iteratively applied to two mass spectral features to yield estimates. This technique has been extensively evaluated with 400 spectra of volatile and nonvolatile compounds of pharmaceutical interest and with 31378 high quality NIST spectra of compounds of molecular weight 30-500. Subsets of the NIST spectra were evaluated including a 23989 spectra volatile set. The overall median and average absolute deviations from the true molecular weights of the 400 spectra were 1.5 and 13 daltons. For the large NIST set and volatile subset the overall median and average absolute deviations were 1.8-2.0 and 13-17 daltons. In both sets of spectra the best results were obtained with the nonhalobenzene and unknown classes. Due to misclassification errors better results were obtained by bypassing the classifier. Median errors with spectra with the molecular ion present were ca. twenty times lower than those without the molecular ion. The present system can rapidly produce molecular weight estimates with median absolute errors of 2 (average 15) daltons. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 6 PY 1993 VL 278 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80092-Y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LF125 UT WOS:A1993LF12500016 ER PT J AU SERRANO, J KUEHL, DW NAUMANN, S AF SERRANO, J KUEHL, DW NAUMANN, S TI ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE CRITERIA FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MAJOR AND MINOR DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES IN FISH TISSUE DNA BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY AND LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DEAMINATION; CYTOSINE RESIDUES; DATA ACQUISITION; CONTROLLED HPLC; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE; SOFTWARE; DISPLAY AB Analytical procedures and quality assurance criteria have been established for enzymatic hydrolysis of fish tissue DNA to free nucleosides and their subsequent characterization by liquid chromatography-photodiode-array ultraviolet spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry. Optimization of enzymatic efficiency to assure minimal loss of modified nucleosides is described. Variability in analyte capacity factors and multiwavelength response have been compared for analyte standards and hydrolysates, and results have been used to derive qualitative and quantitative quality assurance criteria. A comparison of DNA mote percent calculated using single-wavelength quantification and multiwavelength averaging quantification indicates that less variability in data may be expected using the multiwavelength technique. Finally, the composition of DNA from liver of three species of fish widely used in mutagen/carcinogen laboratory and field studies, rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss), medaka (Oryzias latipes), and brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), has been determined. Identification of deoxyuridine in the DNA hydrolysates of each fish indicates that this analyte should be measured to accurately report DNA deoxynucleoside mole percent, especially when reporting data for the methylation of deoxycytidine. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP SERRANO, J (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD JUN 2 PY 1993 VL 615 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80334-Z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LF775 UT WOS:A1993LF77500003 PM 7687606 ER PT J AU KROST, KJ AF KROST, KJ TI ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CHEMICAL GROUPS BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY ID MOVING-BELT INTERFACE; AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ION; BOMBARDMENT; EXTRACTION; PYRIDINE; ACID AB The use of a moving-belt liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface for identifying selected members of various chemical classes has been investigated. Among the chemical groups examined with this system were benzidines, nitrosoamines, anilines, nitroaromatics, dinitroaromatics, hydrazines, amides, phenylenediamines, organophosphites, acrylates, pyridines, phthalates, nitrophenols, halogenated triazines, pesticides, halogenated pyridines, and alkyl tins. Selective ion monitoring was used for detection in all cases, in view of the lack of sensitivity in the full-scan mode. The lower limit of detection for the present technique is approximately 10 nanograms of compounds. Compounds of molecular weight exceeding 250 amu generally show a diminished response. Presumably, some lower-molecular-weight compounds within given groups exhibit similar behavior because of volatilization losses in the inlet. RP KROST, KJ (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 6 BP 821 EP 829 DI 10.1366/0003702934066983 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA LH828 UT WOS:A1993LH82800021 ER PT J AU STEVENS, RK DRAGO, RJ MAMANE, Y AF STEVENS, RK DRAGO, RJ MAMANE, Y TI A LONG PATH DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER AND EPA-APPROVED FIXED-POINT METHODS INTERCOMPARISON SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE LONG PATH DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER AB Differential optical absorption spectrometry (DOAS) has been used by a number of investigators over the past 10 years to measure a wide range of gaseous air pollutants. Recently OPSIS AB, Lund, Sweden has developed and made commercially available a DOAS instrument that has a number of features which make the unit attractive for field monitoring studies in both remote and urban areas. The DOAS is composed of a broad band light source (emission between 200 and 1000 nm) and a receiver-spectrometer assembly. The spectral data from the spectrometer are processed in real time using a PC computer to calculate the concentrations of the pollutants programmed to be monitored by the system. The distance between the light source and receiver can range from 100 to 2000 m, depending on the pollutant to be monitored and species concentrations. In September and October of 1989 an OPSIS AB DOAS was operated in the Research Triangle Park, NC on the roofs of the two main Environmental Protection Agency laboratories. The distance between the light source and receiver was 557 m and the pollutants monitored were SO2, NO2, O3, HCHO and HNO2. Comparisons between the federal reference and equivalent fixed-point methods measuring SO2, O3 and NO2 and simultaneous data derived from the DOAS had correlations typically greater than 0.90 during the evaluation. C1 TECHNION,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. RP STEVENS, RK (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD JUN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90008-T PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LQ788 UT WOS:A1993LQ78800008 ER PT J AU HWANG, HM HODSON, RE LEWIS, DL SCHOLZE, R AF HWANG, HM HODSON, RE LEWIS, DL SCHOLZE, R TI MICROBIAL DEGRADATIVE ACTIVITY IN GROUND-WATER AT A CHEMICAL WASTE-DISPOSAL SITE SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATIONS; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; SUBSURFACE; KINETICS; BACTERIA C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61824. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,DEPT MARINE SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HWANG, HM (reprint author), JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JACKSON,MS 39217, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 50 IS 6 BP 856 EP 863 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KX571 UT WOS:A1993KX57100012 PM 8495063 ER PT J AU HOLME, JA BJORGE, C SODERLUND, EJ BRUNBORG, G BECHER, R LAG, M SCHWARZE, PE ROSS, J NELSON, G NESNOW, S AF HOLME, JA BJORGE, C SODERLUND, EJ BRUNBORG, G BECHER, R LAG, M SCHWARZE, PE ROSS, J NELSON, G NESNOW, S TI GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYCLOPENTA-FUSED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES AND RABBIT LUNG-CELLS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIOLAR EPITHELIAL CLARA; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; BENZO(A)PYRENE METABOLITE; MONOOXYGENASE SYSTEM; MUTAGENICITY TEST; LIVER-CELLS; II CELLS; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; CYTOCHROME-P-450 AB Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A) and benz[l]aceanthrylene (B[l]A), two isomeric cyclopenta polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAH) structurally related to 3-methylcholanthrene, were studied with respect to their genotoxic effects in isolated liver and lung cells. Both compounds were found to cause DNA adducts measured by the P-32-postlabelling technique. The level of DNA-adducts in rat hepatocytes exposed to 30 mug/ml B[l]A and B[j]A for 4 h were 46.5 +/- 22.0 and 8.3 +/- 5. 1 fmol/mug DNA respectively. Using butanol extractions, the major and one of the minor B[j]A adducts co-chromatographed with B[j]A-1,2-oxide adducts of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. Thus, oxidation at the cyclopenta-ring of B[j]A appears to be an important activation pathway. In hepatocytes, 3-30 mug/ml of B[j]A and B[l]A induced DNA damage and repair measured both as increased alkaline elution of DNA and as increased incorporation of [H-3]TdR in the DNA. B[l]A was somewhat more potent than B[j]A in inducing DNA repair. Reactive CP-PAH intermediates formed in the hepatocytes caused mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 upon co-incubation. DNA adducts were also observed in isolated rabbit lung cells exposed to 30 mug/ml B[l]A or B[j]A for 2 h. A total of 14.5 +/- 6.9, 2.9 +/- 2.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.6 fmol B[l]A adducts/mug DNA were observed in Clara cells, type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages respectively. The main B[l]A adduct observed in the liver cells was not found in the lung cells. On the other hand, the levels of B[j]A adducts in the lung cells were in the range 4-14% of that found in liver cells, and no major differences between the various lung cells were observed. Neither B[l]A nor B[j]A induced DNA damage measured by alkaline elution in the lung cells, indicating that these adducts are not alkali labile. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HOLME, JA (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,GEITMYRSVEIEN 75,N-0462 OSLO 4,NORWAY. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010; Schwarze, Per/I-2080-2016; OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548; Holme, J. A./0000-0001-6085-5471 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1131 DI 10.1093/carcin/14.6.1125 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LG261 UT WOS:A1993LG26100009 PM 8508497 ER PT J AU POPE, CN TANAKA, D PADILLA, S AF POPE, CN TANAKA, D PADILLA, S TI THE ROLE OF NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE (NTE) IN THE PREVENTION AND POTENTIATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS-INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY (OPIDN) SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON ESTERASES INTERACTING WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS CY APR 21-24, 1992 CL SALSOMAGGIORE, ITALY DE NEUROPATHY; POTENTIATION; PROPHYLAXIS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE ID NEUROPATHY TARGET ESTERASE; PHENYLMETHYLSULFONYL FLUORIDE; DIISOPROPYL PHOSPHOROFLUORIDATE; PHENYLMETHANESULFONYL FLUORIDE; POLYNEUROPATHY; SENSITIVITY; PROTECTION; INVIVO; CHICKS; HENS AB The first step in the initiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is proposed to be the phosphorylation of an enzyme found in the nervous system called neurotoxic esterase (neuropathy target esterase, NTE). It has been known for over twenty years that non-neuropathic inhibitors of NTE exist and can actually prevent OPIDN when given before a neuropathic organophosphate (OP). Within the last three years it has become evident that another outcome is possible following in vivo interaction between neuropathic and non-neuropathic NTE inhibitors. When administered after OP exposure, non-neuropathic inhibitors can intensify or potentiate signs of OPIDN in adult chickens. Additionally, whereas developing chickens are typically resistant to the effects of neuropathic OPs, resistant age groups will develop OPIDN when exposure to a neuropathic OP is followed by the non-neuropathic NTE inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. As in the case of prevention, studies of the potentiation of OPIDN may yield insight into mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of delayed neurotoxicity. A brief review of current knowledge regarding the role of NTE in both the prevention and potentiation of OPIDN is presented. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP POPE, CN (reprint author), NORTHEAST LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,DIV PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MONROE,LA 71209, USA. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1-3 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90067-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LP303 UT WOS:A1993LP30300051 PM 8343996 ER PT J AU EHRICH, M JORTNER, BS PADILLA, S AF EHRICH, M JORTNER, BS PADILLA, S TI RELATIONSHIP OF NEUROPATHY TARGET ESTERASE INHIBITION TO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND ATAXIA IN HENS GIVEN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTERS SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON ESTERASES INTERACTING WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS CY APR 21-24, 1992 CL SALSOMAGGIORE, ITALY DE NEUROPATHY TARGET ESTERASE; HEN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS-INDUCED DELAYED NEUROPATHY ID INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY; ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE AB Adult White Leghorn hens were acutely exposed to 3 dosages of the following organophosphorus compounds: mipafox, tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), phenyl saligenin phosphate, and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity was measured in brain and spinal cord 4 or 48 h after exposure. Ataxia was assessed using an 8-point rating scale on days 9 through 21 after administration, and neuropathological examination was conducted on samples collected from perfusion-fixed animals on day 21. Morphological alterations were indicated by lesion scores between 0 (no lesions) and 4 (diffuse involvement of spinal cord tracts and > 25% degeneration of peripheral nerve fibers). Dosages of mipafox (30 mg/kg i.p.), TOTP (500 mg/kg p.o.), phenyl saligenin phosphate (2.5 mg/kg i.m.) and DFP (1 mg/kg s.c.) that were capable of inhibiting NTE > 80% in both brain and spinal cord preceded ataxia which reached maximal levels (scores of 7 - 8), and development of lesions scored as 4. Hens were notably impaired (ataxia scores of 3 - 4) 21 days after administration of dosages of mipafox (3 and 6 mg/kg), TOTP (90 mg/kg), phenyl saligenin phosphate (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), and DFP (0.4 mg/kg) when spinal cord NTE was inhibited 40 - 75%. Lesions were, however, only noted in spinal cord and peripheral nerves of hens given TOTP or DFP (scores 1 - 3). These data indicate that inhibition of spinal cord NTE > 80% was predictive of severe ataxia and extensive pathology in the hen and that less NTE inhibition was indicative of less severe ataxia and a lower score for neuropathological damage. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP EHRICH, M (reprint author), VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1-3 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90071-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LP303 UT WOS:A1993LP30300055 PM 8343999 ER PT J AU TILLITT, DE KUBIAK, TJ ANKLEY, GT GIESY, JP AF TILLITT, DE KUBIAK, TJ ANKLEY, GT GIESY, JP TI DIOXIN-LIKE TOXIC POTENCY IN FORSTERS TERN EGGS FROM GREEN BAY, LAKE-MICHIGAN, NORTH-AMERICA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; CHICK-EDEMA DISEASE; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; 7-ETHOXYRESORUFIN; EMBRYOS AB The endangered Forster's tem (Sterna forsteri) population on Green Bay, Wisconsin has exhibited symptoms of embryotoxicity, congenital deformities, and poor hatching success. The putative causal agents are planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHH). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the toxic potency of PHHs in extracts of Forster's tem eggs taken from Green Bay, Lake Michigan and a reference site, Lake Poygan, WI; and 2) to compare the toxic potencies of the egg extracts with the reproductive data available from the same water bird colonies. The relative toxic potency of the egg extracts was assessed with the H4IIE bioassay system to obtain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ). The average concentrations of TCDD-EQ in Forster's tem eggs were 214.5 pg/g and 23.4 pg/g from Green Bay and Lake Poygan, respectively. The bioassay results presented here concur with the biological effects and chemical analyses information from other studies on the same Forster's tem colonies. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HABITAT ENHANCEMENT OFF,E LANSING,MI 48823. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP TILLITT, DE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1993 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2079 EP 2084 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90033-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG906 UT WOS:A1993LG90600013 ER PT J AU LONGEST, HL AF LONGEST, HL TI EPA HAS HIGH HOPES FOR SUPERFUNDS SACM SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter RP LONGEST, HL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF EMERGENCY & REMEDIAL RESPONSES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 63 IS 6 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA LD750 UT WOS:A1993LD75000024 ER PT J AU MCKENNEY, CL CELESTIAL, DM AF MCKENNEY, CL CELESTIAL, DM TI VARIATIONS IN LARVAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF AN ESTUARINE SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO DURING TOXICOSIS BY AN INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; METHOPRENE; REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY; SURVIVAL AB 1. Exposure of the estuarine shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, to a juvenile hormone analogue (greater-than-or-equal-to 8 mug methoprene l-1) throughout larval development inhibited successful completion of metamorphosis. 2. Methoprene exposure retarded growth in early larval stages and postlarvae, but enhanced growth in premetamorphic larvae. 3. Respiration rates of early larvae were elevated by methoprene exposure, but not so older larvae or post larvae. 4. Lower net growth efficiency (K2 values) in methoprene-exposed early larvae suggests that increased metabolic demands reduced assimilated energy available for growth. 5. Modifications in O:N ratios of premetamorphic larvae and postlarvae suggest that methoprene altered substrate utilization patterns during metamorphosis. C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MCKENNEY, CL (reprint author), US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90201-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA LN388 UT WOS:A1993LN38800017 ER PT J AU FELLOWS, EJ AF FELLOWS, EJ TI CLEAN-WATER-ACT SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CHAIR INTERGOVT TASK FORCE MONITORING WATER QUAL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP FELLOWS, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,DIV ASSESSMENT & WATERSHED,MONITORING BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD JUN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 5 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH219 UT WOS:A1993LH21900002 ER PT J AU MADDEN, MC FRIEDMAN, M HANLEY, N SIEGLER, E QUAY, J BECKER, S DEVLIN, R KOREN, HS AF MADDEN, MC FRIEDMAN, M HANLEY, N SIEGLER, E QUAY, J BECKER, S DEVLIN, R KOREN, HS TI CHEMICAL NATURE AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ARACHIDONIC-ACID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS FORMED BY EXPOSURE TO OZONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ALDEHYDES; ARACHIDONIC ACID; BEAS CELLS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OZONE; POLARIZATION ID KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE ANION; FATTY-ACIDS; RAT LUNG; METABOLISM AB Ozone (O3) exposure in vivo has been reported to degrade arachidonic acid (AA) in the lungs of rodents. The O3-degraded AA products may play a role in the responses to this toxicant. To study the chemical nature and biological activity of O3-exposed AA, we exposed AA in a cell-free, aqueous environment to air, 0.1 ppm O3, or 1.0 ppm O3 for 30-120 min. AA exposed to air was not degraded. All 03 exposures degraded >98% of the AA to more polar products, which were predominantly aldehydic substances (as determined by reactivity with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and subsequent separation by HPLC) and hydrogen peroxide. The type and amount of aldehydic substances formed depended on the 03 concentration and exposure duration. A human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B, S6 subclone) exposed in vitro to either 0.1 ppm or 1.0 ppm 03 for 1 hr produced AA-derived aldehydic substances, some of which eluted with similar retention times as the aldehydic substances derived from 03 degradation of AA in the cell-free system. In vitro, O3-degraded AA induced an increase in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) polarization, decreased human peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens, and decreased human peripheral blood natural killer cell lysis of K562 target cells. The aldehydic substances, but not hydrogen peroxide, appeared to be the principal active agents responsible for the observed effects. O3-degraded AA may play a role in the PMN influx into lungs and in decreased T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and natural killer cell activity observed in humans and rodents exposed to O3. C1 ALLIANCE TECHNOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MADDEN, MC (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CB 7310,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04951] NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.2307/3431425 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LR993 UT WOS:A1993LR99300011 PM 8354202 ER PT J AU KELLY, TJ CALLAHAN, PJ PLELL, J EVANS, GF AF KELLY, TJ CALLAHAN, PJ PLELL, J EVANS, GF TI METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD-MEASUREMENTS FOR POLAR VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AMBIENT AIR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on a program which had two main objectives: (1) to develop an analytical method for polar volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) in ambient air using sample collection in canisters and (2) to perform PVOC analysis on ambient air samples collected at two sites formerly used in the U.S. EPA's Toxic Air Monitoring Study (TAMS). The analytical method consists of gas chromatographic separation of PVOCs with quantification by a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. In order to achieve proper chromatographic resolution of the PVOCs, it was necessary to use a two-stage adsorbent trap to separate water from the sample prior to GC analysis. Detection limits for a group of 14 target PVOCs range from 0.2 to 1 ppbv in atmospheric samples, using electron impact (EI) ionization in the ion trap detector. The method has been used on canister samples collected over 24-h intervals on a regular basis over 1 year at former TAMS sites in Boston and Houston, and on occasional samples collected in other studies. The PVOCs most often found in ambient samples include methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and 1-butanol. Measured levels of these species often substantially exceed the levels of benzene and toluene present in the same samples. The performance of the method in field sampling for PVOCs is comparable to that of the TO- 14 method for nonpolar VOCs, though variability in canister sampling appears greater for the PVOCs, presumably due to the adsorptive behavior of these compounds. Possible improvements in PVOC sampling and analysis are also suggested. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KELLY, TJ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1153 DI 10.1021/es00043a014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE442 UT WOS:A1993LE44200031 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE AF BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE TI EVIDENCE FOR DIRECT EFFECT OF MAGNETIC-FIELDS ON NEURITE OUTGROWTH SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE PC-12 CELLS; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; MAGNETIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; 50 HZ ID BRAIN-TISSUE INVITRO; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; CALCIUM-IONS; PC12 CELLS; LINE; RADIATION; EFFLUX AB Electric fields can cause changes in cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. Alternating magnetic fields have been proposed to act through the electric fields induced in the conducting medium surrounding the cells. We have used a simple exposure system to test the relative contribution of magnetic fields compared to induced electric fields in a standard PC-12 cell culture assay, in which cells respond to nerve growth factor by producing neurites. This response to stimulation by nerve growth factor is inhibited by sinusoidal, 50-Hz magnetic fields at field strengths below 10 muT (100 mG). A standard procedure to distinguish magnetic- vs. electric-field effects demonstrates that the induced electric field is not involved. Additional work is necessary to identify the critical reaction site (or sites), and to establish the molecular mechanisms responsible for these results. RP BLACKMAN, CF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 9 BP 801 EP 806 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA LK430 UT WOS:A1993LK43000013 PM 8330687 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK WINJUM, JK SCHROEDER, PE AF DIXON, RK WINJUM, JK SCHROEDER, PE TI CONSERVATION AND SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON - THE POTENTIAL OF FOREST AND AGROFOREST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article AB Forests play a major role in Earth's carbon cycle through assimilation, storage, and emission of CO2. Establishment and management of boreal, temperate, and tropical forest and agroforest systems could potentially enhance sequestration of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. A biological and economic analysis of forest establishment and management options from 94 nations revealed that forestation, agroforestry, and silviculture could be employed to conserve and sequester one Petagram (Pg) of carbon annually over a 50-year period. The marginal cost of implementing these options to sequester 55 Pg of carbon would be approximately $10/Mg. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 0 TC 23 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change - Human Policy Dimens. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0959-3780(93)90004-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA LH545 UT WOS:A1993LH54500003 ER PT J AU ROSENBLOOM, J MOCK, P LAWSON, P BROWN, J TURIN, HJ AF ROSENBLOOM, J MOCK, P LAWSON, P BROWN, J TURIN, HJ TI APPLICATION OF VLEACH TO VADOSE ZONE TRANSPORT OF VOCS AT AN ARIZONA SUPERFUND SITE SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Cleanup standards for volatile organic compounds in thick vadose zones can be based on indirect risk (transport to ground water) when contamination is below depths of significant direct risk. At one Arizona Superfund site, a one-dimensional vadose zone transport model (VLEACH) was used to estimate the continued transport of VOCs from the vadose zone to ground water. VLEACH is a relatively simple and readily available model that proved useful for estimating indirect risk from VOCs in the vadose zone at this site. The estimates of total soil concentrations used as initial conditions for VLEACH incorporated a variety of data from the site. Soil gas concentrations were found to be more useful than soil matrix data for estimating total soil concentrations at this arid-zone site. A simple mixing cell model was used with the VLEACH-derived mass loading estimates from the vadose zone over time to estimate the resulting changes in ground water concentrations. For this site, the results of the linked VLEACH/mixing cell simulations indicate it is likely that the federal MCL for TCE will be exceeded in underlying ground water if remedial action on the vadose zone is not pursued. RP ROSENBLOOM, J (reprint author), US EPA,SUPERFUND ENFORCEMENT BRANCH,REG 9,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00085.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA LP862 UT WOS:A1993LP86200011 ER PT J AU MACLER, BA REGLI, S AF MACLER, BA REGLI, S TI USE OF MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN SETTING UNITED-STATES DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE WATER-BORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASE; RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT; WATER TREATMENT REGULATION; MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOALS ID INFECTION; GIARDIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; VOLUNTEERS; DISEASE C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MACLER, BA (reprint author), US EPA,REG 9,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(93)90148-A PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LH905 UT WOS:A1993LH90500002 PM 8347424 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, S LYKINS, BW GOODRICH, JA AF CAMPBELL, S LYKINS, BW GOODRICH, JA TI FINANCING ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FOR SMALL PUBLIC WATER-SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Many small and very small drinking water systems require repair and upgrading if they are to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 and its amendments. Often, dispersed population makes infrastructure expensive on a per-capita basis. Funding shortages at the federal, state, and water system levels compound the problem, leading to budget deficits, layoffs, and furloughs that affect. small systems' capability to conduct repairs. Various alternative financial assistance mechanisms are available to small systems to fund improvements. The funding options include loans and grants from federal and state agencies, banks, foundations, and other sources. This article provides a comprehensive review of the sources of such financial assistance. In addition, it supplies names of publications that can direct the reader to further assistance. RP CAMPBELL, S (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LF772 UT WOS:A1993LF77200012 ER PT J AU MCKELVEY, GA THOMPSON, MA PARROTTA, MJ AF MCKELVEY, GA THOMPSON, MA PARROTTA, MJ TI ION-EXCHANGE - A COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR REDUCING RADIUM SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The first project under the US Environmental Protection Agency's small systems technology initiative, which was designed to generate simpler treatment technologies for small systems, has been completed. At Quail Creek, located about 60 mi northwest of Austin, Texas, ion exchange was used to reduce radium concentrations in the well water. Although the project was successful, the authors caution that this technology may not be universally applicable to small systems because of certain site-specific advantages held by this system. C1 MALCOLM PIRNIE INC,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MCKELVEY, GA (reprint author), KINETICO INC,DIV COMMUNITY WATER SYST,10845 KINSMAN RD,BOX 193,NEWBURY,OH 44065, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LF772 UT WOS:A1993LF77200014 ER PT J AU RENNER, RC HEGG, BA BENDER, JH BISSONETTE, EM AF RENNER, RC HEGG, BA BENDER, JH BISSONETTE, EM TI COMPOSITE CORRECTION PROGRAM OPTIMIZES PERFORMANCE AT WATER PLANTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The two-phase composite correction program (CCP) can help water treatment plants comply with the Surface Water Treatment Rule by optimizing plant performance without making major capital expenditures. The first phase, the comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE), is a thorough analysis that identifies performance-limiting factors. The second phase, comprehensive technical assistance (CTA), is implemented if the CPE indicates performance can be improved. This article describes a program in which a CCP was implemented at 36 small and medium-sized utilities; only 2 were operating optimally, and several were considered threats to public health. Insufficient resources did not significantly limit performance of small water plants; instead, the primary problems were operational. Decreasing flows and increasing operating time were judged to be a practical alternative for plants operating less than 24 hours a day. In addition, exceeding a design standard to optimize multiple-barrier protection was found justifiable if the integrity of the overall process is maintained. Establishing adequate rate structures and motivating workers to pursue high-quality water as a treatment objective can overcome perceived resource barriers. After CTAs at four plants, finished-water turbidity requirements were achieved at a capital cost of less than $ 10,000 per plant. To achieve the maximum benefit, the CCP should be integrated with the existing state drinking water program. C1 US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,DIV TECH SUPPORT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP RENNER, RC (reprint author), PROC APPLICAT INC,2627 REDWING RD,SUITE 340,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LF772 UT WOS:A1993LF77200015 ER PT J AU KINNER, NE MALLEY, JP CLEMENT, JA FOX, KR AF KINNER, NE MALLEY, JP CLEMENT, JA FOX, KR TI USING POE TECHNIQUES TO REMOVE RADON SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-SUPPLIES; DRINKING-WATER; URANIUM AB The performance of point-of-entry granular activated carbon (GAC) and diffused-bubble and bubble-plate aeration systems was evaluated for one year with respect to radon removal efficiency, potential problems, and economics. The radon removal efficiency of the GAC units gradually deteriorated from 99.7 to 79 percent when cationic exchange pretreatment was not used and from 99.7 to 85 percent with pretreatment added. Both aeration techniques were consistently efficient (>99 percent radon removed), despite significant variation in radon loading rates. GAC units are suitable for treating groundwater with radon activities <5,000 pCi/L. At greater radon loading rates, aeration techniques consistently produce an acceptable effluent quality. C1 BLACK & VEATCH CONSULTING ENGINEERS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA. US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. RP KINNER, NE (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, KINGSBURY HALL, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LF772 UT WOS:A1993LF77200016 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DL MARTONEN, TB AF JOHNSON, DL MARTONEN, TB TI FIBER DEPOSITION ALONG AIRWAY WALLS - EFFECTS OF FIBER CROSS-SECTION ON ROTATIONAL INTERCEPTION SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS AEROSOL; MODEL AB Jeffery's equations of motion for ellipsoidal bodies in shear flow are applied to triaxial ellipsoids using numerical integration and modeling. The rotational behaviors of prolate triaxial ellipsoids are compared with ellipsoids of revolution, and the resultant motions are demonstrated to differ significantly. The effects of initial orientations on inhaled fiber motion in human airways are examined, and deposition efficiencies along airway walls are computed. C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JOHNSON, DL (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA HLTH SCI CTR,HLTH SCI CTR,COLL PUBL HLTH,DEPT OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,POB 26901,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(93)90036-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL481 UT WOS:A1993LL48100008 ER PT J AU GERRITY, TR BENNETT, WD KEHRL, H DEWITT, PJ AF GERRITY, TR BENNETT, WD KEHRL, H DEWITT, PJ TI MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE OF INHALED PARTICLES MEASURED AT 2-H AFTER OZONE EXPOSURE IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; MUCUS TRANSPORT; PULMONARY FUNCTION ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PPM OZONE; RESPIRATORY RESPONSES; HUMAN-LUNG; INFLAMMATION; TRANSPORT AB Acute exposure of humans to ozone is known to acutely cause pulmonary function decrements, inflammation, and increased permeability of pulmonary epithelium. A single study in humans has also shown that mucociliary transport increases during acute ozone exposure. Because different responses have shown a different time course of recovery after exposure, it was important to examine mucociliary transport at a different time after the cessation of ozone exposure. We exposed 15 healthy male and female nonsmoking subjects, on different occasions, to clean air and 0.4 ppm ozone for 1 h while they exercised continuously. Pulmonary function was measured immediately before and after exposure and 90 min and 24 h after exposure. Between 2 and 5 h after each exposure, retention of inhaled 5-mum mass median aerodynamic diameter Tc-99m-labeled Fe2O3 particles was measured. Each subject returned the next day for a final particle retention measurement. Despite significant changes in pulmonary function, there was no difference in mean whole lung retention time of particles between clean air [77.9 +/- 0.8 (SE) min] and ozone (78.0 +/- 0.8 min) exposures, indicating that mucociliary transport is unaffected by ozone exposure when it is measured 2 h after exposure. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP GERRITY, TR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD 58,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 74 IS 6 BP 2984 EP 2989 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA LL820 UT WOS:A1993LL82000052 PM 8365998 ER PT J AU LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM OCALLAGHAN, JP AF LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM OCALLAGHAN, JP TI ADMINISTRATION OF 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE TO THE RAT RESULTS IN REGION-DEPENDENT DAMAGE TO THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM AT LEVELS ABOVE THE BRAIN-STEM SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; AXONAL-TRANSPORT; NEURONS; BETA,BETA'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; NEUROTOXICITY; INJURY; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE AB Axonal swellings and neurofilamentous accumulations in the brain stem, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system are the most widely documented effects of exposure to 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). Evidence from morphological and functional studies, however, suggests that IDPN also may damage areas of the central nervous system above the level of the brain stem. To examine this possibility, we evaluated the astrocyte reaction to injury as an indirect means of detecting potential sites of IDPN-induced damage to the central nervous system. An immunoassay for the astrocyte intermediate filament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was used to quantify gliosis. Rats were given IDPN (0-600 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 3 days. The concentration of GFAP in discrete brain regions was examined at postdosing times ranging from 3 days to 3 weeks. IDPN caused time-, dose- and region-dependent increases in GFAP; elevations were observed in the pons-medulla, midbrain, cerebral cortex and olfactory bulbs, but not in cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum. Of these areas, cortex and olfactory bulbs showed the largest increases. Dissection of cortex into four subregions showed that the IDPN-induced increase in cortical GFAP was relatively uniform across this brain region. Application of the de Olmos cupric-silver degeneration stain to IDPN-treated tissue revealed intense argyrophilia in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs and diffuse staining of axons in several regions of the cortex. The data indicate that IDPN is neurotoxic to the olfactory bulbs and cortex of the rat. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU ONDIEH CDC HHS [RA-ND-89-4] NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 265 IS 3 BP 1492 EP 1498 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LJ015 UT WOS:A1993LJ01500059 PM 8510024 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DS DAVIS, RB FORD, MSJ AF ANDERSON, DS DAVIS, RB FORD, MSJ TI RELATIONSHIPS OF SEDIMENTED DIATOM SPECIES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) TO ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN DILUTE NORTHERN NEW-ENGLAND LAKES SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; BIOINDICATORS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; LAKE ACIDITY; NEW-ENGLAND; PALEOLIMNOLOGY ID RALFSII VAR AMERICANA; ACIDIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES; PH; GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTION; REGRESSION; CHEMISTRY; GALLOWAY; ALUMINUM AB Limnological gradients Of small, oligotrophic, and low conductance lakes in northern New England were defined by principal components analysis; relationships of sedimented diatom species to the gradients were investigated by correlation analysis. Diatom distributions were most strongly related to the gradient of pH and alkalinity and the covarying variables, conductance, Mg, Ca, total Al, and exchangeable Al. Weaker relationships to lake morphology, dissolved organic carbon and water color, altitude and marine aerosol inputs, and the distinctive water chemistry of some New Hampshire lakes were also present. Results for 16 taxa of importance in our studies of lake acidity are given in detail and are compared to results from other regions of eastern North America. Planktonic taxa were absent below pH 5.5, with the exception of the long form of Asterionella ralfsii var. americana Korn. The two forms of this taxon differed ecologically: the long form (greater-than-or-equal-to 45 mum) had an abundance weighted mean (AWM) pH 5.53 and occurred mostly in lakes that were deep relative to transparency; the short form (< 45 mum) had an AWM pH 4.90 and occurred in lakes that were shallow relative to transparency. The ecological advantage of a ''splitter'' approach to diatom taxonomy was demonstrated by examination of other taxa as well, including Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kutz. These results have important implications for paleolimnological interpretations. C1 UNIV MAINE,INST QUATERNARY STUDIES,ORONO,ME 04469. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP ANDERSON, DS (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT PLANT BIOL & PATHOL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 264 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1993.00264.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LJ876 UT WOS:A1993LJ87600002 ER PT J AU GABELE, PA KNAPP, KT AF GABELE, PA KNAPP, KT TI A CHARACTERIZATION OF EMISSIONS FROM AN EARLY MODEL FLEXIBLE-FUEL VEHICLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB An emission study was conducted on a 1987 Ford Crown Victoria flexible-fuel vehicle, an early prototype which had been driven about 25,000 miles. The vehicle was run on both gasoline and a blend of 85 percent methanol and 15 percent gasoline. Emission rates of regulated pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, and methanol) and nonregulated pollutants (speciated organic materials) were determined for both exhaust and evaporative emissions. Tests were run varying the driving cycle, ambient temperature and catalytic converter. In general, hydrocarbon composition of exhaust emissions was significantly affected by catalyst replacement and cold starts, slightly affected by driving schedule, and unaffected by ambient temperature and test fuel. Hydrocarbon composition of evaporative emissions was only sensitive to the type of evaporative test being performed: diurnal tests typically had larger fractions of lower molecular weight paraffins than hot soak tests. RP GABELE, PA (reprint author), US EPA,AREAL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LH827 UT WOS:A1993LH82700005 ER PT J AU STEIBER, RS AF STEIBER, RS TI ORGANIC COMBUSTION FINGERPRINTS OF 3 COMMON HOME HEATING FUELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The chemical structures of three common home heating fuels are discussed: wood, coal and No. 2 fuel oil. GC and GC/MS data are then presented which demonstrate how the thermal destruction of each of these fuels results in the production of a characteristic group of organic compounds. In the case of wood, where the chief structural element is the lignin polymer, these are the methoxy phenols, the methoxy benzenes, and the alkyl benzenes. In the rase of coal, where the polymer contains more fused-ring structures, the chief products are fused-ring aromatics with structures of 3-rings or more, the benzothiophenes, and to a lesser extent the methyl-substituted phenols. In the case of oil, the chief by-products are shown to be unburned droplets of the oil itself. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how these ''fingerprints'' might be used as apportionment guides in complex airsheds. RP STEIBER, RS (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 859 EP 863 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LH827 UT WOS:A1993LH82700006 ER PT J AU MOORE, JC DUKES, JC CLARK, JR MALONE, J HALLMON, CF HESTER, PG AF MOORE, JC DUKES, JC CLARK, JR MALONE, J HALLMON, CF HESTER, PG TI DOWNWIND DRIFT AND DEPOSITION OF MALATHION ON HUMAN TARGETS FROM GROUND ULTRA-LOW VOLUME MOSQUITO SPRAYS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Malathion was sprayed using a truck-mounted ultra-low volume (ULV) aerosol generator. The generator was operated at 41.4 kPa (6 psi) at flow rate of 128 ml (4.3 fl. oz.) per min. Malathion concentrations were measured at selected positions on live, stationary human subjects wearing protective clothing and placed along a transect at right angles to the path of the truck. Two standing subjects were exposed downwind to the malathion spray at 7.6 and 15.2 m. A third subject was exposed while jogging in the same direction as the spray vehicle and 1.5 m from the spray path. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in total amount of malathion deposited on subjects was demonstrated. During the last 4 sprays, average amounts of malathion deposited on ground level at 15.2, 30.4 and 91.2 m were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Malathion dermal residues were compared with the acute LD50 value (4,100 mg/kg) for a 70 kg adult male. Calculated malathion dermal exposures were less than the acute lethal dose for a human subject by 4 orders-of-magnitude or more. C1 FLORIDA A&M UNIV,JOHN A MULRENNAN SR RES LAB,PANAMA CITY,FL 32405. TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MOORE, JC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 138 EP 142 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL221 UT WOS:A1993LL22100004 PM 8102391 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI ACUTE AND DELAYED-EFFECTS OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE ON BODY-TEMPERATURE, HEART-RATE, AND MOTOR-ACTIVITY IN THE AWAKE, UNRESTRAINED RAT SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; LABORATORY RAT; BRAIN-AREAS AB Acute exposure to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) causes irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, leading to various behavioral and autonomic sequelae including hypothermia, reduced motor activity, and other neurological dysfunctions. To characterize the acute response and recovery of autonomic and behavioral processes to DFP exposure, rats of the Long-Evans strain were implanted with radiotransmitters that allowed the monitoring of core temperature, heart rate, and motor activity in unrestrained animals 24 h/d. These parameters were monitored for 96 h following subcutaneous injection of DFP at a dose of 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg. Rats given 0 and 0.1 mg/kg DFP displayed an increase in core temperature and motor activity during the first 24 h postinjection. The 1.0 mg/kg group showed a typical hypothermic response for the first 24 h following DFP administration. Core temperature decreased a maximum of 1.9-degrees-C by 5 h after DFP and then started to recover, reaching control levels by 17 h after DFP treatment. Motor activity was also depressed during the first 24-h period in the 1.0 mg/kg group. Heart rate was initially elevated above basal levels in all treatment groups for several hours after treatment, but the 1.0 mg/kg group showed a decrease in heart rate at the time when core temperature began its recovery from hypothermia. Core temperature was the only parameter significantly affected by DFP during the 24-96 h recovery phase. The 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg groups showed a significant elevation in core temperature for the 3 d after DFP administration. The elevation in core temperature during the recovery from DFP treatment may represent an important facet of the acute cholinergic neurotoxicity of organophosphate compounds. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 247 EP 260 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LG400 UT WOS:A1993LG40000006 PM 8501768 ER PT J AU CRUMP, EL JACOBS, TL VESILIND, PA AF CRUMP, EL JACOBS, TL VESILIND, PA TI FUZZY-SET APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZING SLUDGE APPLICATION LAND SELECTION SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Cost and environmental protection are primary considerations when developing a land application scheme for wastewater sludge disposal. Although cost is not difficult to determine, environmental impact is much more difficult to assess. Currently, there is no established relationship between the many environmental factors involved and the quality of the application site. This paper presents an approach in which fuzzy sets and mathematical optimization are used in concert to develop and evaluate land application schedules for wastewater sludge. The six environmental factors considered in this model are: soil pH, cation exchange capacity, soil percolation-rate, site slope, nitrogen-loading rate, and cadmium-loading rate. The optimization model is used to determine sites that are to be used for wastewater sludge application, and is driven by overall cost considerations. Using fuzzy membership functions for each environmental factor. a collective belief in the application sites is determined. This belief reflects the level of confidence in using the chosen sites with regard to the safe application of wastewater sludge. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT CIV & ENVIR ENGRG,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP CRUMP, EL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV EMISS STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9488 J9 J URBAN PLAN D-ASCE JI J. Urban Plan. Dev.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 53 EP 71 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(1993)119:2(53) PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Urban Studies GA LD954 UT WOS:A1993LD95400001 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D HERSTROM, A BROWN, D AF BACHELET, D HERSTROM, A BROWN, D TI RICE PRODUCTION AND CLIMATE-CHANGE - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A GIS DATABASE TO COMPLEMENT SIMULATION-MODELS SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RICE; GIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; MODEL; ASIA AB A cooperative project between the International Rice Research Institute in Los Banos, Philippines, and the U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, was initiated to estimate how rice yield in Asia might be affected by future climate change and enhanced UV-B irradiance following stratospheric ozone depletion. A radiative transfer model was used to estimate daily UV-B irradiance levels using remotely sensed ozone and cloud cover data for 1274 meteorological stations. A rice yield model using daily climatic data and cultivar-specific coefficients was used to predict changes in yield under given climate change scenarios. This paper gives an overview of the data required to run these two models and describes how a geographical information system (GIS) was used as a data pre- or postprocessor. Problems in finding reliable datasets such as cloud cover data needed for the UV-B radiation model and radiation data needed for the rice yield model are discussed. Issues of spatial and temporal scales are also addressed. Using simulation models at large spatial scales helped identify weaknesses of GIS data overlay and interpolation capabilities. Even though we focussed our efforts on paddy rice, the database is not intended to be system specific and could also be used to analyze the response of other natural systems to climatic change. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/BF00141588 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA LM222 UT WOS:A1993LM22200001 ER PT J AU KENNELLY, JC GALLAGHER, J SCHMEZER, P ASHBY, J AF KENNELLY, JC GALLAGHER, J SCHMEZER, P ASHBY, J TI DETECTION OF THE GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF THE DIRECT-ACTING MUTAGEN 1-CHLOROMETHYLPYRENE IN STOMACH EPITHELIUM INVIVO SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ICI PLC,CENT TOXICOL LAB,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TG,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1993 VL 291 IS 3 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LF118 UT WOS:A1993LF11800065 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK RAO, MV GARG, VK AF DIXON, RK RAO, MV GARG, VK TI SALT STRESS AFFECTS IN-VITRO GROWTH AND IN-SITU SYMBIOSES OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; LACCARIA-LACCATA; CENOCOCCUM-GEOPHILUM; THELEPHORA-TERRESTRIS; SALT STRESS ID PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALINITY; SEEDLINGS; TOLERANCE; FIXATION; SOILS AB Ten isolates of six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown in vitro at nine concentrations of three sodium salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, Na3C6H5O7) for 4 weeks. Colony diamater, biomass and protein content of fungi were evaluated. Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus luteus were more tolerant of NaCl and Na2SO4 than of Na3C6H5O7. Fungi in the genera Cenococcum, Laccaria, and Thelephora were highly intolerant of Na3C6H5O7 and Na2SO4 in Vitro. Biomass and protein content of fungi generally declined with increasing substrate salinity in solution culture. In situ ectomycorrhizal colonization by Laccara laccata and P. tinctorius and the dry weight of Pinus taeda seedlings were significantly reduced by 80 mM NaCl after 14 weeks. Only select ectomycorrhizal fungi appear capable of growth and symbiosis in saline soils. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIV,SCH BIOL SCI,DEPT PLANT SCI,MADURAI 625024,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. NATL BOT RES INST,BIOMASS RES CTR,LUCKNOW 226001,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD JUN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1007/BF00210694 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MF189 UT WOS:A1993MF18900003 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JM ELIAS, RW GRANT, LD AF DAVIS, JM ELIAS, RW GRANT, LD TI CURRENT ISSUES IN HUMAN LEAD-EXPOSURE AND REGULATION OF LEAD SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY CONF CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP NIEHS, AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS, REGISTRY, US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES DE LEAD; HEALTH RISKS; MULTIMEDIA EXPOSURE; REGULATIONS ID PORT-PIRIE COHORT; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURES; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; CINCINNATI LEAD; BLOOD LEAD; AGE; NEUROTOXICITY; ABILITIES; CHILDREN AB Concern about lead as a significant public health problem has increased as epidemiological and experimental evidence has mounted regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels of lead exposure. This concern has led to downward revision of criteria for acceptable blood lead concentrations to the 10 mug/dL mark now designated by EPA as a target level for regulatory development and enforcement/clean-up purposes. Much progress has been made in reducing lead exposures during the past 10 - 15 years, with marked declines evident both in air lead and blood lead concentrations in parallel to the phase-down of lead in gasoline and notable decreases in food lead exposure due to elimination of lead soldered cans by U.S. food processors. With the lessening of exposure from these sources, the importance of other components of multimedia exposure pathways has grown and stimulated increasing regulatory attention and abatement efforts to reduce health risks associated with lead exposure from drinking water, from lead-based paint, and from household dust and soil contaminated by deteriorating paint, smelter emissions, or various other sources. Increasing attention is also being accorded to reduction of occupational lead exposures (including those related to lead abatement activities), with particular concern for protection of men and women during their reproductive years. (C) 1993 Intox Press, Inc. RP DAVIS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ECAO,MD-52,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 57 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM-FAL PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2-3 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LY949 UT WOS:A1993LY94900004 PM 8247390 ER PT J AU OTTO, DA FOX, DA AF OTTO, DA FOX, DA TI AUDITORY AND VISUAL DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING LEAD-EXPOSURE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY CONF CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP NIEHS, AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS, REGISTRY, US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, US FDA, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES DE LEAD; COCHLEAR NERVE; RETINA; ELECTRORETINOGRAM; EVOKED POTENTIALS; DEVELOPMENT ID PHOTORECEPTOR RESPONSE AMPLITUDE; TREATED RHESUS-MONKEYS; OUTER SEGMENT LENGTH; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY; ROD PHOTORECEPTORS; RHODOPSIN CONTENT; DARK-ADAPTATION AB The effects of lead exposure on cognitive function have been intensively studied during the past decade, but relatively little effort has been made to understand the impact on sensory function. Subtle impairments of visual and/or auditory processing, however, could have profound effects on learning. The objectives of this paper are to review what is known about the effects of lead exposure on visual and auditory function and to identify related research needs. In particular, the effects of lead exposure on sensory function in children, which have not been studied adequately, will be discussed. Evidence from human and animal studies reveal that lead exposure impairs auditory function. The cochlear nerve and more central structures appear to be preferentially sensitive in both developing and mature humans and experimental animals. Elevations in hearing thresholds and increased latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potential have been reported at low-moderate levels of lead exposure. Higher doses of lead increase the threshold of the auditory nerve action potential, produce segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration of the cochlear nerve, but appear to have no effect on cochlear microphonics or structure. Lead exposure affects both the retina and visual cortex of the developing and mature visual system. Low to moderate level developmental lead exposure produces selective rod deficits which can be detected with electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. At slightly higher levels of lead exposure the visual cortex is affected A wide range of functional and neurochemical effects on retinal function occurring at blood lead levels below 20 mug/dl, the current level of concern, have been observed in rats. Structural, biophysical and photochemical similarities of rods in rats monkeys and humans argue the relevance of this data for pediatric lead screening. To date, however, rod-mediated visual functions have not been examined in lead-exposed children. Undetected sensory deficits of these kinds may have profound impact on the motor and mental development of children as well as on the quality of life of affected adults. There is clearly a need for more extensive sensory testing in children and workers to screen for lead-induced health effects and in animal models to clarify the mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. (C) 1993 Intox Press, Inc. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,COLL OPTOMETRY,HOUSTON,TX 77204. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77204. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES03183] NR 98 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM-FAL PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 208 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LY949 UT WOS:A1993LY94900021 PM 8247393 ER PT J AU ATLAS, RM AF ATLAS, RM TI BACTERIA AND BIOREMEDIATION OF MARINE OIL-SPILLS SO OCEANUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP ATLAS, RM (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD SUM PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LP164 UT WOS:A1993LP16400012 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB KATZ, IM AF MARTONEN, TB KATZ, IM TI DEPOSITION PATTERNS OF AEROSOLIZED DRUGS WITHIN HUMAN LUNGS - EFFECTS OF VENTILATORY PARAMETERS SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INHALED DRUGS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL ID DRY POWDER INHALER; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; CLINICAL EFFICACY; TERBUTALINE; INHALATION; SIZE; BRONCHODILATATION; METHACHOLINE; TURBUHALER; DELIVERY AB A mathematical model for inhaled aerosolized drugs is validated by comparisons of predicted particle deposition values with experimental data from adult subject inhalation exposure tests. The model is subsequently used to study the effects of ventilatory parameters on particle deposition patterns within the human lung. By altering breathing profiles, deposition values can be affected regarding quantity delivered and spatial location. Increased tidal volumes and breath-holding times increase deposition in the pulmonary region, while increased inspiratory flow rates increase deposition in the tracheobronchial region. Based upon fluid dynamics considerations (Reynolds numbers), an original method of partitioning the lung is also presented. The model has implications with regard to aerosol therapy, indicating that the efficacies of inhaled pharmacological drugs in the prophylaxis and treatment of airway diseases can be improved by regulating breathing profiles to deposit particles selectively at prescribed sites within the lung. C1 TRINITY UNIV,DEPT ENGN,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 6 BP 871 EP 878 DI 10.1023/A:1018913311788 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LF213 UT WOS:A1993LF21300014 PM 8321856 ER PT J AU MUNDY, WR WARD, TR DULCHINOS, VF TILSON, HA AF MUNDY, WR WARD, TR DULCHINOS, VF TILSON, HA TI EFFECT OF REPEATED ORGANOPHOSPHATE ADMINISTRATION ON CARBACHOL-STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS IN THE RAT-BRAIN SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; DISULFOTON; HIPPOCAMPUS ID CHRONIC CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; REPEATED EXPOSURE; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; TOLERANCE; METABOLISM; BINDING; SLICES; SENSITIVITY; ACTIVATION AB The effects of repeated exposure to two organophosphates on the turnover of phosphoinositides, the second messenger system coupled to the M1 and M3 Subtypes of muscarinic receptors, were examined in the rat hippocampus. Repeated diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) exposure (0.2-0.8 mg/kg, SC) decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity and muscarinic receptor density. The incorporation of [H-3]myoinositol into brain slices was also decreased. Phosphoinositide turnover was measured as the accumulation of [H-3]inositol phosphates (IP) in the presence of lithium. DFP did not affect basal IP accumulation, but decreased carbachol-stimulated IP accumulation in the hippocampus after 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg. The effects of repeated disulfoton administration (2.0 mg/kg, IP) were also examined in the hippocampus. Similar to DFP, repeated disulfoton exposure decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, receptor density, and carbachol-stimulated IP accumulation. The incorporation of myoinositol, however, was increased in disulfoton-treated rats. These data indicate that repeated organophosphate exposure results in a functional decrease in muscarinic receptor activity, as well as changes in myoinositol incorporation into phospholipids. RP MUNDY, WR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90244-N PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LE327 UT WOS:A1993LE32700008 PM 8392202 ER PT J AU NILSSON, R TASHEVA, M JAEGER, B AF NILSSON, R TASHEVA, M JAEGER, B TI WHY DIFFERENT REGULATORY DECISIONS WHEN THE SCIENTIFIC-INFORMATION BASE IS SIMILAR - HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT : AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON CY MAY 20-22, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP SWEDISH MINIST ENVIRONM, INT SOC REGULATORY TOXICOL & PHARM, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, INT ACAD ENVIRONM SAFETY ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; GENETIC RISKS; DOSE-RESPONSE; CARCINOGENS; INDUCTION; RAT; NEPHROPATHY; HEMOGLOBIN C1 NATL CTR HYG & MED ECOL,BU-1431 SOFIA,BULGARIA. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NILSSON, R (reprint author), UNIV STOCKHOLM,WALLENBERG LAB,DEPT GENET & CELLULAR TOXICOL,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 292 EP 332 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1033 PG 41 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LK319 UT WOS:A1993LK31900007 PM 8337422 ER PT J AU CHEN, CW AF CHEN, CW TI ARMITAGE-DOLL 2-STAGE MODEL - IMPLICATIONS AND EXTENSION SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE 2 STAGE MODEL; HAZARD RATE; DETERMINISTIC; STOCHASTIC; INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE ID MULTISTAGE MODEL; DNA DAMAGE; CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER; RISK; REPAIR; TUMOR AB The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide insight on the simplified MVK model of carcinogenesis (a model proposed by Moolgavkar and colleagues) by revealing the relationship between the Armitage-Doll two-stage model and the simplified MVK model; and (2) to extend the Armitage-Doll two-stage model to one with time-varying (piece-wise constant) parameters. It is shown that the simplified MVK model is a special case of the Armitage-Doll two-stage model, and many applications of the simplified MVK model involving intermittent exposures or exposures to different compounds in different time periods can be derived easily from the Armitage-Doll two-stage model with piece-wise constant parameters. The limitations of the Armitage-Doll two-stage model are discussed. RP CHEN, CW (reprint author), US EPA,RD-689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01079.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA LJ964 UT WOS:A1993LJ96400006 PM 8341806 ER PT J AU EPSTEIN, DL NOLEN, GA RANDALL, JL CHRIST, SA STOBER, JA SMITH, MK READ, EJ AF EPSTEIN, DL NOLEN, GA RANDALL, JL CHRIST, SA STOBER, JA SMITH, MK READ, EJ TI STUDYING EXPERIMENTAL FETAL CARDIOPATHIES - REPLY SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,CINCINNATI,OH. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH. COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. RP EPSTEIN, DL (reprint author), CIBA GEIGY CORP,SUBDIV TOXICOL,SUMMIT,NJ 07901, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 6 BP 529 EP 529 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470603 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LD388 UT WOS:A1993LD38800002 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD LAU, C BUCKALEW, AR LOGSDON, TR SETZER, W ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH KAVLOCK, RJ AF ABBOTT, BD LAU, C BUCKALEW, AR LOGSDON, TR SETZER, W ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH KAVLOCK, RJ TI EFFECTS OF 5-FLUOROURACIL ON EMBRYONIC RAT PALATE INVITRO - FUSION IN THE ABSENCE OF PROLIFERATION SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER FETUSES; MOUSE PALATE; CULTURE AB 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthetase (TS) which results in inhibition of DNA synthesis. 5-FU is teratogenic in many species, inducing cleft palate, limb, and tail defects. In the present study, gestation day (GD) 14 embryonic rat craniofacial explants were exposed to 5-FU in organ culture with increasing concentrations and durations of exposure. Palates exposed to 5-FU were morphologically abnormal and craniofacial shape, size, and palatal fusion pattern were affected with the severity of effects dependent on concentration and duration of exposure. Cleft palate was induced in vitro as opposing palates overlapped in a narrowed oral cavity. Palates exposed to higher levels of 5-FU were growth inhibited, but fused even though proliferation ceased and few cells were available to participate in elevation and fusion. This was demonstrated as a biphasic concentration-response profile for palatal fusion in which 0.05 to 0.15 mug 5-FU/ml produced decreasing rates of palatal fusion, while exposure to 0.15 to 3.0 mug/ml resulted in progressively increasing rates of fusion. The effects of 5-FU were detected biochemically as a reduction in TS activity which was concentration and time dependent during the first 12 hours, with a return to control levels by 24 hours. During the first day, 5-FU did not alter protein levels, but DNA levels significantly decreased at the high concentration, 2.0 mug/ml. After 5 days in culture, both DNA and protein decreased with increasing 5-FU concentration and duration of exposure. Also by the end of the culture period, H-3-TdR incorporation had decreased in a concentration dependent manner. It is concluded that progressive inhibition of proliferation and growth in organ culture results in two different morphological outcomes: cleft palate resulting from a narrowed oral cavity and increased incidence of anterior palatal fusion under conditions of strong growth reduction. This study demonstrates that elevation and fusion can occur in the absence of growth and proliferation. Based on these observations, severe inhibition of growth or proliferation would not necessarily be sufficient to induce cleft palate. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 47 IS 6 BP 541 EP 554 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470606 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LD388 UT WOS:A1993LD38800005 PM 8367827 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B EHRICH, M AF VERONESI, B EHRICH, M TI DIFFERENTIAL CYTOTOXIC SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE AND HUMAN CELL-LINES EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CARBOXYLESTERASE; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS; TOXICITY; RAT; LYMPHOCYTES; METABOLISM; PARAOXON C1 VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 57 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 120 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1108 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LH287 UT WOS:A1993LH28700010 PM 8511793 ER PT J AU DILIBERTO, JJ KEDDERIS, LB JACKSON, JA BIRNBAUM, LS AF DILIBERTO, JJ KEDDERIS, LB JACKSON, JA BIRNBAUM, LS TI EFFECTS OF DOSE AND ROUTES OF EXPOSURE ON THE DISPOSITION OF 2,3,7,8-[H-3]TETRABROMODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TBDD) IN THE RAT SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; ETHOXYRESORUFIN O-DEETHYLASE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; AH RECEPTOR; P-DIOXINS; FLY-ASH C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP DILIBERTO, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 120 IS 2 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1117 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LH287 UT WOS:A1993LH28700019 PM 8511802 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PESTICIDE TECHNICAL CHLORDANE; SEDIMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENTS; TALITRID AMPHIPODS CRUSTACEA; TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; MACROFAUNAL COMMUNITIES; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BELLEVUE,WA. RP REISH, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 65 IS 4 BP 573 EP 585 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LM722 UT WOS:A1993LM72200038 ER PT J AU SINGH, AK ANANDA, MMA SPARKS, AR AF SINGH, AK ANANDA, MMA SPARKS, AR TI SUPERFUND SITE CHARACTERIZATION USING NONPARAMETRIC VARIOGRAM MODELING SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CHEMOMETRICS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ( CAC 92 ) CY JUL 14-17, 1992 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP CLARKSON UNIV, SCH SCI, US EPA DE SUPERFUND SITE CHARACTERIZATION AB The spatial interpolation method of Kriging, originally developed for estimation of ore reserves in mining and prediction in meteorology, has become an important geostatical tool for assessment of contamination in Superfund site characterization. Kriging uses an estimated spatial covariance matrix, or alternatively the variogram, to find the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) of contamination at an unsampled location. The modeling of the variogram (also called semi-variogram) is therefore a necessary step that must be performed before using Kriging for spatial interpolation. In this paper, we propose and investigate a simple non-parametric procedure based on ranks for variogram modeling. Some simulated examples are used to illustrate the proposed procedure. The proposed procedure is compared with the usual method of Ordinary Kriging for the Billings Smelter Superfund site data. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP SINGH, AK (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT MATH,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 28 PY 1993 VL 277 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80438-Q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LE810 UT WOS:A1993LE81000010 ER PT J AU ANANDA, MMA SINGH, AK FLATMAN, GT AF ANANDA, MMA SINGH, AK FLATMAN, GT TI BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS FOR THE PRODUCT OF 3 NORMAL MEANS SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CHEMOMETRICS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ( CAC 92 ) CY JUL 14-17, 1992 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP CLARKSON UNIV, SCH SCI, US EPA DE BAYESIAN ESTIMATION; CREDIBLE REGIONS; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; RISK EXPOSURE MODELING AB The problem of estimating the product of three normal means of three independent normal distributions is considered. These types of estimation problems arise in many environmental applications, such as exposure assessment and risk modeling. Classical confidence interval estimates are available in the literature; we consider the problem from the Bayesian approach using two different proper prior distributions and one non-informative prior distribution. Assuming the quadratic loss, Bayesian estimates and Bayesian confidence intervals are given. Numerical integration or simulation are necessary to evaluate such confidence intervals. Computer programs written in Fortran are given to calculate these confidence intervals. Examples are provided. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT MATH SCI,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 28 PY 1993 VL 277 IS 2 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80462-T PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LE810 UT WOS:A1993LE81000034 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP AF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI QUANTITATIVE FEATURES OF REACTIVE GLIOSIS FOLLOWING TOXICANT-INDUCED DAMAGE OF THE CNS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; NEONATAL RAT; ADULT-RAT RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIDA NIH HHS [NIDA IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 66 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAY 28 PY 1993 VL 679 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18299.x PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LG188 UT WOS:A1993LG18800016 PM 8512183 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP TI THE INTERACTIONS OF MK-801 WITH THE AMPHETAMINE ANALOGS D-METHAMPHETAMINE (D-METH), 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (D-MDMA) OR D-FENFLURAMINE (D-FEN) - NEURAL DAMAGE AND NEURAL PROTECTION SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG ND-89-4] NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAY 28 PY 1993 VL 679 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18315.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LG188 UT WOS:A1993LG18800032 PM 8099774 ER PT J AU SELIFONOV, SA GRIFOLL, M GURST, JE CHAPMAN, PJ AF SELIFONOV, SA GRIFOLL, M GURST, JE CHAPMAN, PJ TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (+)-1,1A-DIHYDROXY-1-HYDROFLUOREN-9-ONE FORMED BY ANGULAR DIOXYGENATION IN THE BACTERIAL CATABOLISM OF FLUORENE SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ARYL ETHER BONDS; SP STRAIN HH69; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; DIOXYGENOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; INITIAL REACTIONS; DIBENZOFURAN; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; OXIDATION C1 UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BARCELONA 7,SPAIN. UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP SELIFONOV, SA (reprint author), UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,BLDG 58 ROOM 052A,PENSACOLA,FL 32514, USA. RI Grifoll, Magdalena/G-1131-2016 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAY 28 PY 1993 VL 193 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1591 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LE381 UT WOS:A1993LE38100011 PM 8503940 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM AF CUMMINGS, AM TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF METHANOL DURING EARLY-PREGNANCY IN THE RAT SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METHANOL; EARLY PREGNANCY EXPOSURE; DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS; IMPLANTATION; DECIDUALIZATION ID FEMALE RATS; METHOXYCHLOR AB Recent attention to methanol (MeOH) as a potential alternative fuel prompted an evaluation of the chemical's effects during early pregnancy. Rats were dosed by gavage during Days 1-8 of pregnancy at 0, 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 g MeOH/kg/day. Groups of animals were killed on Days 9, 11, or 20 of pregnancy, and maternal, embryonic, or fetal parameters were assessed, depending on the stage of pregnancy. The decidual cell response (DCR) technique was also applied to rats treated with MeOH during pseudopregnancy. Reductions in pregnant uterine and implantation site weights seen on Day 9 are the result of MeOH impedance of normal decidualization, as demonstrated by effects on the DCR. An increase in the extravasation of blood at implantation sites seen on Day 9 did not result in an increase in resorptions by Day 20. The 3.2 g/kg/day dose of MeOH produced a reduction in body weight gain by Day 9, which may be considered an indication of non-pecific maternal toxicity. No effect on Day 11 or Day 20 embryo-fetal survival, or development was observed. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 24 PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90212-B PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LH935 UT WOS:A1993LH93500004 PM 8316950 ER PT J AU LOEW, FM WELSER, J LANCE, WR FRANCISFLOYD, R JOHNSON, DE CLELAND, J TESKE, R RITTER, L MORIN, MJ GLOYD, J MACOMBER, E LEIN, D SOJKA, NJ LAUTNER, B REID, J AF LOEW, FM WELSER, J LANCE, WR FRANCISFLOYD, R JOHNSON, DE CLELAND, J TESKE, R RITTER, L MORIN, MJ GLOYD, J MACOMBER, E LEIN, D SOJKA, NJ LAUTNER, B REID, J TI USE OF FDA-APPROVED DRUGS IN VETERINARY-MEDICINE - PROHIBITIONS, PREROGATIVES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES .2. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 US EPA,CVM,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE VET MED SOC,ITHACA,NY 14853. WILDLIFE PHARMACEUT INC,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. AMER ASSOC BOVINE PRACTITIONERS,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP LOEW, FM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,200 WESTBORO RD,N GRAFTON,MA 01536, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 10 BP 1654 EP 1658 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LC102 UT WOS:A1993LC10200039 ER PT J AU SHERRILL, MT MIDDAUGH, DP AF SHERRILL, MT MIDDAUGH, DP TI SPAWNING PERIODICITY OF THE INLAND SILVERSIDE, MENIDIA-BERYLLINA, (PISCES, ATHERINIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY - RELATIONSHIP TO LUNAR CYCLES SO COPEIA LA English DT Note ID ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; REPRODUCTIVE RHYTHMICITY; MEXICO; GULF RP SHERRILL, MT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 3 PY 1993 IS 2 BP 522 EP 528 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LA729 UT WOS:A1993LA72900027 ER PT J AU KEALY, MJ TURNER, RW AF KEALY, MJ TURNER, RW TI A TEST OF THE EQUALITY OF CLOSED-ENDED AND OPEN-ENDED CONTINGENT VALUATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CONTINGENT VALUATION; VALIDITY; WILLINGNESS TO PAY ID DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS; REFERENDUM DATA; BEHAVIOR; MARKET; MATTER AB A test is developed to find whether open-ended and closed-ended contingent valuation mechanisms lead to significantly different results. The test is based on joint estimation of willingness to pay responses to open- and closed-ended questions asked of the same sample of individuals. In a public good example, individuals do respond differently depending on question format. Possible explanations include different incentives for strategic behavior and respondents' lack of familiarity with the open-ended question type. No differences in willingness to pay were found in a private good example. C1 COLGATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,HAMILTON,NY 13346. RP KEALY, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 34 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 75 IS 2 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.2307/1242916 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA LD514 UT WOS:A1993LD51400007 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, LA BOTT, TL REASONER, DJ AF KAPLAN, LA BOTT, TL REASONER, DJ TI EVALUATION AND SIMPLIFICATION OF THE ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON NUTRIENT BIOASSAY FOR BACTERIAL-GROWTH IN DRINKING-WATER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A modified assimilable organic carbon (AOC) bioassay is proposed. We evaluated all aspects of the AOC bioassay technique, including inoculum, incubation water, bioassay vessel, and enumeration technique. Other concerns included eliminating the need to prepare organic carbon-free glassware and minimizing the risks of bacterial and organic carbon contamination. Borosilicate vials (40 ml) with Teflon-lined silicone septa are acceptable incubation vessels. Precleaned vials are commercially available, and the inoculum can be injected directly through the septa. Both bioassay organisms, Pseudomonas fluorescens P-17 and Spirillum sp. strain NOX, are available from the American Type Culture Collection and grow well on R2A agar, making this a convenient plating medium. Turbid raw waters need to be filtered prior to an AOC analysis. Glass fiber filters used with either a peristaltic pump or a syringe-type filter holder are recommended for this purpose. A sampling design that emphasizes replication of the highest experimental level, individual batch cultures, is the most efficacious way to reduce the total variance associated with the AOC bioassay. Quality control for the AOC bioassay includes an AOC blank and checks for organic carbon limitation and inhibition of the bioassay organisms. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP KAPLAN, LA (reprint author), ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA,STROUD WATER RES CTR,512 SPENCER RD,AVONDALE,PA 19311, USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1539 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000042 PM 8517748 ER PT J AU IRELAND, JC KLOSTERMANN, P RICE, EW CLARK, RM AF IRELAND, JC KLOSTERMANN, P RICE, EW CLARK, RM TI INACTIVATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI BY TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ILLUMINATED TIO2; OH RADICALS; DEGRADATION; WATER; PHOTOLYSIS AB Titanium dioxide in the anatase crystalline form was used as a photocatalyst to generate hydroxyl radicals in a flowthrough water reactor. Experiments were performed on pure cultures of Escherichia coli in dechlorinated tap water and a surface water sample to evaluate the disinfection capabilities of the reactor. In water devoid of significant amounts of inorganic-radical scavengers, rapid cell death was observed with both pure cultures and members of the indigenous flora in a natural water sample. RP IRELAND, JC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 20 TC 304 Z9 322 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1670 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000062 PM 8390819 ER PT J AU BELL, RG KOLAJA, TA AF BELL, RG KOLAJA, TA TI CAPITAL PRIVATIZATION AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY ISSUES IN POLAND SO BUSINESS LAWYER LA English DT Article AB In this Article, Ruth Greenspan Bell and Thomas Adam Kolaja describe how environmental liability has been addressed in privatization transactions that have occurred to date in the capital privatization program of die Ministry of Privatization, Republic of Poland. They abo explore practical and policy considerations raised by the ways in which these issues have been resolved. RP BELL, RG (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BAR ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 750 N LAKE SHORE DR ATTN:ORDER FULFILLMENT, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0007-6899 J9 BUS LAWYER JI Bus. Lawyer PD MAY PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 943 EP 961 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA LG149 UT WOS:A1993LG14900006 ER PT J AU BREZONIK, PL EATON, JG FROST, TM GARRISON, PJ KRATZ, TK MACH, CE MCCORMICK, JH PERRY, JA ROSE, WA SAMPSON, CJ SHELLEY, BCL SWENSON, WA WEBSTER, KE AF BREZONIK, PL EATON, JG FROST, TM GARRISON, PJ KRATZ, TK MACH, CE MCCORMICK, JH PERRY, JA ROSE, WA SAMPSON, CJ SHELLEY, BCL SWENSON, WA WEBSTER, KE TI EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION OF LITTLE-ROCK LAKE, WISCONSIN - CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHANGES OVER THE PH RANGE 6.1 TO 4.7 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID WHOLE ECOSYSTEM MANIPULATION; ACIDIFIED LAKES; BIOTIC CHANGES; SEEPAGE LAKE; HEAVY-METALS; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; ALUMINUM; WATER; ASSEMBLAGES AB The two basins of this seepage lake were separated by a vinyl curtain in August 1984 after a year of background studies, and acidification of one basin with H2SO4 began at ice-out in 1985. Chemical and biological responses measured during successive 2-yr periods at pH approximately 5.6, 5.1, and 4.7 verified some but not all impacts predicted at the outset. Changes in major, minor, and trace ions generally agreed with predictions. Internal alkalinity generation (IAG) increased at lower pH, and sulfate reduction eliminated approximately 50% of added H2SO4. Sediment cation exchange was important in IAG and acidified surface sediments, possibly diminishing the lake's ability to counteract further H+ inputs. Mass loss of oak leaves was reduced at pH 5.1 (birch leaves at pH 4.7). Population parameters were more sensitive than community measures for plankton. Species composition changed at each pH, especially at pH 4.7. Many changes in zooplankton and benthos were indirect responses to an algal mat that developed at lower pH or to food web interactions; these were not predicted accurately. Sensitivity of major fishes to lower pH was Ambloplites rupestris > Micropterus salmoides > Pomoxis nigromaculatus > Perca flavescens. Fish production was reduced at pH's above those resulting in population decreases. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LIMNOL,TROUT LAKE STN,MADISON,WI 53706. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53711. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPERIOR & ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. RP BREZONIK, PL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL & MINERAL ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 66 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1121 DI 10.1139/f93-126 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LR758 UT WOS:A1993LR75800025 ER PT J AU TANDON, P POPE, C PADILLA, S TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ AF TANDON, P POPE, C PADILLA, S TILSON, HA HARRY, GJ TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CARBACHOL-STIMULATED INOSITOLPHOSPHATE RELEASE IN PIGMENTED RAT RETINA SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATE FORMATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RABBIT RETINA; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE METABOLISM; CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; OUTER SEGMENTS; BRAIN; ACETYLCHOLINE; HYDROLYSIS AB Carbachol-stimulated release of inositolphosphates (IP) was studied in the whole retina from Long-Evans rats of different ages (day 5, 10, 15, 20, adult) following in vitro incorporation of [H-3]myo-inositol. Unlike the albino rat retina, the pigmented retina was highly light-sensitive, making it necessary to dark adapt the animals and perform retinal dissections under low illumination to prevent light-induced IP release. Retinae from postnatal day 10 rats showed the highest amount of carbachol-stimulated IP released. This response to carbachol decreased with age until postnatal day 20 when it reached adult levels. The pigmented rat retina showed a sharp fall in the degree of carbachol (1 mM)-stimulated IP released at the time of eye-opening (450% above basal in retinae from 10 day old animals, as compared to 230% above basal in 15 day old retinae). Basal release of IP was not altered in the retina during development. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor density was, however, found to increase 5 fold with age, reaching adult levels by PND 20. Retinal weight and protein per retina also increased (four fold) from day 5 to adult; however, the in vitro incorporation of [H-3]myoinositol into phosphoinositides (calculated as per mg protein) did not change during development. Thus, in animals prior to eye opening, a much higher proportion of phosphoinositides appears to be hydrolyzed upon muscarinic receptor stimulation. During retinal development a change in sensitivity to the agonist-sensitive pool(s) of phosphoinositides may occur and/or there may be alterations in the efficacy of receptor coupling to the second messenger system resulting in the disassociation observed between the drastic increase in receptor number and the apparent decrease in receptor-stimulated release of IP. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV, SCH PHARM, TOXICOL PROGRAM, MONROE, LA 71209 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA. NIEHS, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP US EPA, DIV NEUROTOXICOL, MD-74B, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0271-3683 EI 1460-2202 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.3109/02713689309024626 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA LH747 UT WOS:A1993LH74700007 PM 8344068 ER PT J AU STRICKLAND, TC HOLDREN, GR RINGOLD, PL BERNARD, D SMYTHE, K FALLON, W AF STRICKLAND, TC HOLDREN, GR RINGOLD, PL BERNARD, D SMYTHE, K FALLON, W TI A NATIONAL CRITICAL LOADS FRAMEWORK FOR ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .1. METHOD SUMMARY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL LOADS; SECONDARY STANDARDS; AIR POLLUTION; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with the assistance of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is examining the utility of a critical loads approach for evaluating atmospheric pollutant effects on sensitive ecosystems. A critical load has been defined as, ''a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge.'' Working in cooperation with the United Nations Economic Community for Europe's (UN-ECE) Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) Convention, the EPA has developed a flexible, six-step approach for setting critical loads for a range of ecosystem types. The framework is based on regional population characteristics of the ecosystem(s) of concern. The six steps of the approach are: (1) selection of ecosystem components, indicators, and characterization of the resource; (2) definition of functional subregions; (3) characterization of deposition within each of the subregions; (4) definition of an assessment end point; (5) selection and application of models; and (6) mapping projected ecosystem responses. The approach allows for variable ecosystem characteristics and data availability. Specific recognition of data and model uncertainties is an integral part of the process, and the use of multiple models to obtain ranges of critical loads estimates for each ecosystem component in a region is encouraged. Through this intercomparison process uncertainties in critical loads projections can be estimated. C1 US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM & PROC EFFECTS RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM & SOCIAL SYST ANALYSTS LTD,VANCOUVER V6J 5C6,BC,CANADA. SCI & POLICY ASSOCIATES INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. BATTELLE MEM INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. RP STRICKLAND, TC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/BF02394675 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KY777 UT WOS:A1993KY77700005 ER PT J AU HUNSAKER, C GRAHAM, R TURNER, RS RINGOLD, PL HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC AF HUNSAKER, C GRAHAM, R TURNER, RS RINGOLD, PL HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC TI A NATIONAL CRITICAL LOADS FRAMEWORK FOR ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .2. DEFINING ASSESSMENT END-POINTS, INDICATORS, AND FUNCTIONAL SUBREGIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL LOADS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; END POINTS; REGIONALIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ID ECOLOGICAL RISK AB The United States Environment Protection Agency, with support from the US Department of Energy and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, has been evaluating the feasibility of an effects-based (critical loads) approach to atmospheric pollutant regulation and abatement. The rationale used to develop three of the six steps in a flexible assessment framework (Strickland and others, 1992) is presented along with a discussion of a variety of implementation approaches and their ramifications. The rationale proposes that it is necessary to provide an explicit statement of the condition of the resource that is considered valuable (assessment end point) because: (1) individual ecosystem components may be more or less sensitive to deposition, (2) it is necessary to select indicators of ecosystem condition that can be objectively measured and that reflect changes in the quality of the assessment end point, and (3) acceptable status (i.e., value of indicator and quality of assessment end point at critical load) must be defined. The rationale also stresses the importance of defining the assessment regions and subregions to improve the analysis and understanding of the indicator response to deposition. Subregional definition can be based on a variety of criteria, including informed judgment or quantitative procedures. It also depends on the geographic scale at which exposure and effects models are accurate and on data availability, resolution, and quality. C1 US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM & PROC EFFECTS RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP HUNSAKER, C (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1007/BF02394676 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KY777 UT WOS:A1993KY77700006 ER PT J AU HICKS, B MCMILLEN, R TURNER, RS HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC AF HICKS, B MCMILLEN, R TURNER, RS HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC TI A NATIONAL CRITICAL LOADS FRAMEWORK FOR ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .3. DEPOSITION CHARACTERIZATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; MICROMETEOROLOGY ID DRY DEPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; PRECIPITATION; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES; REMOTE AB Methods are discussed for describing patterns of current wet and dry deposition under various scenarios. It is proposed that total deposition data across an area of interest are the most relevant in the context of critical loads of acidic deposition, and that the total (i.e., wet plus dry) deposition will vary greatly with the location, the season, and the characteristics of individual subregions. Wet and dry deposition are proposed to differ in such fundamental ways that they must be considered separately. Both wet and dry deposition rates are controlled by the presence of the chemical species in question in the air (at altitudes of typically several kilometers in the case of wet deposition, and in air near the surface for dry). The great differences in the processes involved lead to the conclusion that it is better to measure wet and dry deposition separately and combine these quantifications to produce ''total deposition'' estimates than to attempt to derive total deposition directly. A number of options for making estimates of total deposition to be used in critical loads assessment scenarios are discussed for wet deposition (buckets and source receptor models) and for dry deposition (throughfall, micrometeorology, surrogate surfaces and collection vessels, inference from concentrations, dry-wet ratios, and source-receptor models). C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP HICKS, B (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1007/BF02394677 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KY777 UT WOS:A1993KY77700007 ER PT J AU SMITH, MK GEORGE, EL STOBER, JA FENG, HLA KIMMEL, GL AF SMITH, MK GEORGE, EL STOBER, JA FENG, HLA KIMMEL, GL TI PERINATAL TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH NICKEL CHLORIDE EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RATS; MICE; ABSORPTION C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SMITH, MK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 2 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1064 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LD728 UT WOS:A1993LD72800002 PM 8495662 ER PT J AU BERGEN, BJ NELSON, WG PRUELL, RJ AF BERGEN, BJ NELSON, WG PRUELL, RJ TI PARTITIONING OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS IN THE SEAWATER OF NEW BEDFORD HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; WATER; COEFFICIENTS; SORPTION AB The partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between particulate and dissolved phases of seawater was examined along a concentration gradient in New Bedford Harbor, MA. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the log of the partition coefficients (K(p)) and the log of the octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)) for six PCB congeners at four stations. A seasonal trend (i.e., summer-winter) in partitioning was observed. Log K(p) was inversely correlated with temperature and to a lesser extent with total suspended solids (TSS) at each station. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 70% of the variability in log K(p) along the PCB concentration gradient was accounted for by temperature, log K(ow), and TSS. Temperature and log K(ow) were equally important in defining changes in log K(p), with TSS contributing the least predictive ability. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP BERGEN, BJ (reprint author), US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 27 IS 5 BP 938 EP 942 DI 10.1021/es00042a017 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA739 UT WOS:A1993LA73900027 ER PT J AU LAZORCHAK, JM WALLER, WT AF LAZORCHAK, JM WALLER, WT TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF TOTAL COPPER 48-H LC50S TO DAPHNIA-MAGNA DRY-WEIGHT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ACUTE TOXICITY; NUTRITION; DRY WEIGHT; DAPHNIA-MAGNA ID TRACE NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; ENERGY RESERVES; TOXICITY TESTS; CULTURE CONDITIONS; STANDARD MEDIUM; CLADOCERA; OPTIMIZATION; REPRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY AB A study was conducted with Daphnia magna to determine the effect of neonate weight loss or lack of weight gain on experimentally derived copper 48-h LC50s. Standard unfed tests as well as algal-fed (Selenastrum capricornutum) tests were used to look at weight loss and gain. No significant relationship was found between amount of weight loss and copper LC50s. However, dry weight of unfed and algal-fed control organisms could be used to predict total copper LC50s. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. RP LAZORCHAK, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 903 EP 911 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[903:TROTCH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KX607 UT WOS:A1993KX60700015 ER PT J AU HALLAM, TG CANZIANI, GA LASSITER, RR AF HALLAM, TG CANZIANI, GA LASSITER, RR TI SUBLETHAL NARCOSIS AND POPULATION PERSISTENCE - A MODELING STUDY ON GROWTH EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SUBLETHAL EFFECTS; MODEL; DAPHNIA; DOSE RESPONSE; NARCOSIS ID DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MIXTURE-TOXICITY; CHLOROHYDROCARBONS; INDIVIDUALS; CHEMICALS; ALCOHOLS AB This study of a Daphnia population model suggests that sublethal effects of nonpolar narcotics on growth of individual organisms can result in ultimate extinction of the population at chronic chemical concentrations near the effect concentration that leads to a 50% reduction in individual growth (the 16-d EC50 for growth). A quantitative dose-response relationship (QDRR) - a population extinction threshold, relating the minimal chronic chemical concentration that yields population persistence and the octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)) - is generated from numerical simulation studies of a Daphnia population model. The transition from population persistence to extinction is examined in terms of density functions in the lipid, structure, and age variables associated with models of individual daphnids. The densities of populations undergoing transition from persistence to extinction due to increased toxicity suggest that critically stressed populations are age-bimodal with a component of old, large individuals and a component of small, nonreproductive individuals. The populations that persist near the threshold for extinction are unexpectedly diverse in age density and consist of relatively small individuals. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,INST ENVIRONM MODELING,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. CONSEJO NACL INVEST,INST ARGENTINO MATEMAT,RA-1055 BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HALLAM, TG (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[947:SNAPPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KX607 UT WOS:A1993KX60700019 ER PT J AU GILMOUR, MI PARK, P DOERFLER, D SELGRADE, MK AF GILMOUR, MI PARK, P DOERFLER, D SELGRADE, MK TI FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SUPPRESSION OF PULMONARY ANTIBACTERIAL DEFENSES IN MICE EXPOSED TO OZONE SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; NEONATAL LUNG; MECHANISMS; RATS; INFLAMMATION; INFECTIONS; RABBITS AB Exposure to ozone (O3) has been shown to increase susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection; however, the underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study investigated the effect of O3 exposure on the ability of mice to combat an infectious challenge of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Following a 3-h exposure to either air, 0.4 ppm O3, or 0. 8 ppm O3, 5- and 9-week-old mice received an aerosol infection of bacteria. Intrapulmonary killing of the bacteria was impaired in the O3-exposed mice. The effect was most severe at the higher dose of O3 in the younger mice, and showed good correlation to subsequent mortality assessed over a 20-day period. Alveolar macrophages (AM) from O3-exposed mice bad an impaired ability to phagocytose the bacteria. Additionally, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, which are known to depress AM function, were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the younger mice following exposure to O3. while pretreatment with indomethacin in the drinking water blunted the increased of PGE2 and reduced O3 enhanced mortality from 53 to 33%. The data show that O3 inhalation can reduce the defensive capability of the murine lung and that this is associated with a reduction in AM phagocytosis. The defect is more marked in young mice, suggesting that they may be more susceptible to oxidant exposure. Further studies are required to distinguish between direct toxicity of O3 on the AM and indirect suppression due to modulation of pharmacologic or inflammatory mediators. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP GILMOUR, MI (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,IMMUNOTOXICOL BRANCH,MD 92,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 2 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.3109/01902149309064348 PG 16 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LD032 UT WOS:A1993LD03200002 PM 8319601 ER PT J AU JONES, LA PRABEL, JB GLENNON, JJ COPELAND, MF KAVLOCK, RJ AF JONES, LA PRABEL, JB GLENNON, JJ COPELAND, MF KAVLOCK, RJ TI EXTRACTION OF PHENOL AND ITS METABOLITES FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE; WATER AB In the development of an extraction method utilizing the ''salting out'' technique, the extraction efficiencies for phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone from aqueous solutions were determined using tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and diethyl ether (Et2O). Single additions of potassium fluoride (anhydrous), sodium chloride, lithium chloride, ammonium acetate, and sodium bicarbonate were used to saturate the solvent/water combinations. Phase separations were not observed for combinations of THF/LiCl, NaHCO3; ACN/NaHCO3; and DMF/NaCl, LiCl, NH4OAc, NaHCO3; ACN/KF converted hydroquinone to quinone, while extraction DMF/KF yielded no hydroquinone in nonacidified solutions. Essentially an other solvent/salt combinations gave quantitative recoveries. As an aside and in addition, KF was determined to be an efficient drying agent. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US EPA,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 735 EP 741 DI 10.1021/jf00029a011 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LC605 UT WOS:A1993LC60500011 ER PT J AU STAPANIAN, MA GARNER, FC FITZGERALD, KE FLATMAN, GT NOCERINO, JM AF STAPANIAN, MA GARNER, FC FITZGERALD, KE FLATMAN, GT NOCERINO, JM TI FINDING SUSPECTED CAUSES OF MEASUREMENT ERROR IN MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE MEASUREMENT ERROR; OUTLIERS; ENVIRONMENTAL; QUALITY CONTROL; MULTIVARIATE KURTOSIS; GENERALIZED DISTANCE ID OUTLIERS; SKEWNESS; KURTOSIS AB Environmental data are usually multivariate, with the variables conforming to some correlation structure. Occasionally, measurements which do not conform in structure or magnitude may occur in one or more variables. It is important (1) to characterize these discordancies in terms of the disturbed variables and the direction and magnitude of the anomalous error and (2) to associate each discordant observation with a specific cause of measurement error in order to prevent further mismeasurement. We describe a procedure for identifying suspected causes of discordant observations in otherwise multinormal data sets. Variables are assigned to groups, each of which is associated with a specific cause of measurement error. Discordant observations are identified with the generalized distance test or the multivariate kurtosis test. Suspected causes of measurement error are identified by repeating the tests with one of the groups of variables omitted in each analysis. The procedures are evaluated with simulated data sets having a correlation structure similar to that of a large environmental data set. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP STAPANIAN, MA (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,980 KELLY JOHNSON DR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1002/cem.1180070304 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA LD472 UT WOS:A1993LD47200003 ER PT J AU SURAMPALLI, RY BANERJI, SK CHEN, JC AF SURAMPALLI, RY BANERJI, SK CHEN, JC TI MICROBIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE BY AEROBIC DIGESTION AND STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A study is conducted to evaluate the pathogen and indicator bacterial reductions in the sludges of two wastewater-treatment plants. These plants are extended-aeration and oxidation-ditch-type plants that have no aerobic or anaerobic digestion facilities following the secondary treatment except for sludge-storage facilities. Sludge samples are taken from various locations throughout the plant. Sludge samples from these two plants are also collected to run laboratory investigations to determine the sludge pathogen and bacterial reductions in aerobic digestion and in storage. Fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and Salmonella are measured on all sludge samples. Total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, pH, and temperature are also measured. These plants are meeting the proposed EPA's class B pathogen reduction criteria, a two-order reduction. The improved pathogen reduction is related to the design conditions of the plant, large sludge age, and long detention times. Laboratory aeration and storage studies indicate further pathogen-indicator organisms reduction of at least one order. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SURAMPALLI, RY (reprint author), US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66101, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 119 IS 3 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:3(493) PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE385 UT WOS:A1993LE38500008 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S FREEMAN, EB TANDON, P WILSON, VZ AF PADILLA, S FREEMAN, EB TANDON, P WILSON, VZ TI LOCALLY SYNTHESIZED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE, BUT NOT PROTEIN, UNDERGOES RAPID RETROGRADE AXONAL-TRANSPORT IN THE RAT SCIATIC-NERVE SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AXONAL TRANSPORT; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PNS; CHOLINE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; RETROGRADE AXONAL TRANSPORT; METHIONINE; PROTEIN ID SQUID GIANT-AXON; RABBIT OPTIC PATHWAY; PHOSPHOLIPID-SYNTHESIS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; METABOLISM; MYELIN; ENZYMES; CELLS; GLIA; SPHINGOMYELIN AB Retrograde axonal transport of phosphatidylcholine in the sciatic nerve has been demonstrated only after injection of lipid precursors into the cell body region. We now report, however, that after microinjection (1 mul) of [methyl-H-3]choline chloride into the rat sciatic nerve (3540 mm distal to the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia), time-dependent accumulation of H-3-labeled material occurred in dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the injection site. The level of radioactivity in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia was minimal at 2 h after isotope injection but was significantly increased at 7, 24, 48, and 72 h after intraneural isotope injection (n = 3-8 per time point); at these time points, all of the radiolabel in the chloroform/methanol extract of the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia was present in phosphatidylcholine. The radioactivity in the water-soluble fraction did not show a time-dependent accumulation in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia as compared with the contralateral DRGs, ruling out transport or diffusion of precursor molecules. In addition, colchicine injection into the sciatic nerve proximal to the isotope injection site prevented the accumulation of radiolabel in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. Therefore, this time-dependent accumulation of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia is most likely due to retrograde axonal transport of locally synthesized phospholipid material. Moreover, 24 h after injection of both [H-3]choline and [S-35]methionine into the sciatic nerve, the ipsilateral/contralateral ratio of radiolabel was 11.7 for H-3 but only 1.1 for S-35, indicating that only locally synthesized choline phospholipids, but not protein, were retrogradely transported. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1900 EP 1905 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13418.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KY255 UT WOS:A1993KY25500038 PM 8473904 ER PT J AU BARKLEY, NP FARRELL, CW GARDNERCLAYSON, TW AF BARKLEY, NP FARRELL, CW GARDNERCLAYSON, TW TI ALTERNATING-CURRENT ELECTROCOAGULATION FOR SUPERFUND SITE REMEDIATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Emerging Technology (ET) Program, authorized under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, implements the goal of the SITE Program to promote, accelerate the development of, and make commercially available alternative innovative treatment technologies for use at Superfund sites. Under this program, the technical and economical feasibility of alternating current electrocoagulation (ACE) developed by Electro-Pure Systems, Inc., was evaluated for a two-year period. ACE is an electrochemical technology where highly-charged aluminum polyhydroxide species are introduced into aqueous media for the removal of suspended solids, oil droplets and soluble ionic pollutants. ACE can break stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of up to 10 percent total solids and stable emulsions containing up to 5 percent oil. Major operating parameters have been defined for different classes of effluents based on experimental results using complex synthetic soil slurries and metals. Test results indicate that ACE produces aqueous and solid separations comparable to those produced by chemical flocculent additions, but with reduced filtration times and sludge volumes. The technology has application where removal of soluble and suspended pollutants from effluents is required, and in the recovery of fine-grained products from process streams. The technology, however, has not yet been demonstrated at full-scale for Superfund site remediation. The principal results of the SITE research program, and results of ACE treatment on some different classes of industrial effluents not part of the SITE Program, are summarized. C1 ELECTROPURE SYST INC,AMHERST,NY. RP BARKLEY, NP (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 43 IS 5 BP 784 EP 789 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD162 UT WOS:A1993LD16200013 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD MCGUIRE, JM WEBER, EJ AF RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD MCGUIRE, JM WEBER, EJ TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTIVE DYES USING LIQUID SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AZO DYESTUFFS; SPECTRA AB Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19), its reactive form (RB 19-VS) and its hydrolyzed form (RB 19-OH) were examined using liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry (LSIMS/MS/MS) in the negative-ion mode under low-energy collision conditions (240-300 eV). Structurally characteristic fragment ions were obtained, none of which has been previously reported for these reactive dyes. Among the ions obtained were SO3- ions, ions due to central amino cleavage and reactive group cleavage, and ions due to loss of SO3 and SO2. Possible pathways for the formation of product ions are proposed. The structural information obtained should help to characterize and identify reactive dyes better. RP RICHARDSON, SD (reprint author), US EPA,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1002/oms.1210280525 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LD163 UT WOS:A1993LD16300024 ER PT J AU PALM, CJ SEIDLER, R DONEGAN, K HARRIS, D AF PALM, CJ SEIDLER, R DONEGAN, K HARRIS, D TI TRANSGENIC PLANT PESTICIDES - FATE AND PERSISTENCE IN SOIL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000958 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE ROGERS, JM EBRONMCCOY, M LOGSDON, TR MONKS, TJ LAU, SS AF ANDREWS, JE ROGERS, JM EBRONMCCOY, M LOGSDON, TR MONKS, TJ LAU, SS TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF BROMOHYDROQUINONE (BHQ) AND BHQ-GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATES INVIVO AND IN WHOLE EMBRYO CULTURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL YOLK-SAC; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; MATERNAL TOXICITY; RAT; INHIBITION; NEPHROTOXICITY; 2-BROMOHYDROQUINONE; IDENTIFICATION; ACIVICIN C1 UNIV TEXAS,COLL PHARM,DIV PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1079 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LC603 UT WOS:A1993LC60300001 PM 8099763 ER PT J AU KNAAK, JB ALBAYATI, MA RAABE, OG BLANCATO, JN AF KNAAK, JB ALBAYATI, MA RAABE, OG BLANCATO, JN TI DEVELOPMENT OF INVITRO V(MAX) AND K(M) VALUES FOR THE METABOLISM OF ISOFENPHOS BY P-450 LIVER-ENZYMES IN ANIMALS AND HUMAN SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES; NITROPHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIONATE; PARATHION; CYTOCHROME-P-450; INACTIVATION C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,INST TOXICOL & ENVIRONM HLTH,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. OCCIDENTAL CHEM CORP,NIAGARA FALLS,NY 14302. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 120 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1092 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LC603 UT WOS:A1993LC60300014 PM 8511771 ER PT J AU HUGHES, MF SHRIVASTAVA, SP FISHER, HL HALL, LL AF HUGHES, MF SHRIVASTAVA, SP FISHER, HL HALL, LL TI COMPARATIVE INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION OF P-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS THROUGH RAT SKIN USING STATIC AND FLOW-THROUGH DIFFUSION-SYSTEMS SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID DERMAL PENETRATION; PERMEABILITY; INVIVO; YOUNG AB The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro percutaneous absorption of phenol and eight p-substituted phenolic derivatives using the static and flow-through diffusion systems. The variability of the cumulative percentage absorption data was also examined. Clipped dorsal skin was removed from female Fischer 344 rats (90 days old), cut on a dermatome to approximately 350 mum thick, placed in a diffusion cell and treated with chemical (4 mug/cm2, ethanol). The 72-hr cumulative absorption into the receptor fluid for the phenols in both systems ranged from 15.4 to 97.6% of the dose. Absorption was greater than 70% in both systems for phenols with a log octanol:water partition coefficient (log P) value between 1.4 and 3.5. The percentage of the dose remaining in the skin and washed from the skin and cell top at 72 hr in both systems ranged from 1.8 to 56.2% and from 0.7 to 45.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in absorption between the two systems with five of the phenols. Absorption was significantly lower for acetamido-, chloro- and cyanophenol in the static system and phenol and heptyloxyphenol in the flow-through system. However, the differences in absorption for phenol and chlorophenol were small (<4%) and may not be that biologically relevant. Phenols absorbed the least (<70%), were also on the extremes of the log P range examined and had the most variable absorption data. Both systems appear to be equivalent means to investigate in vitro percutaneous absorption of chemicals, but it is critical to recognize that the data can vary, especially for chemicals not absorbed well. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HUGHES, MF (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(93)90004-O PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LG381 UT WOS:A1993LG38100004 PM 20732192 ER PT J AU BROWN, KM BURIN, GJ AF BROWN, KM BURIN, GJ TI COCAINE-MEDIATED DISRUPTION OF MICROFILAMENT INTEGRITY WITHIN NEURAL-FOLD NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS OF CHICK-EMBRYOS CULTURED INVITRO SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Note ID FETAL VASCULAR DISRUPTION; TUBE CLOSURE; NEURULATION; EXPOSURE; CALCIUM; ANESTHETICS; PREGNANCY AB The effects of cocaine on microfilaments within neuroepithelial cells of neurula-stage chick embryos cultured in vitro were investigated by an actin indirect immunofluorescence procedure. Results of this study suggest that the cocaine-induced inhibition of neural-fold closure in chick embryos cultured in vitro reported previously is mediated by a loss of microfilament integrity within the neuroepithelium. C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BROWN, KM (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,2023 G ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 285 EP & DI 10.1016/0887-2333(93)90014-V PG 0 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LG381 UT WOS:A1993LG38100014 PM 20732202 ER PT J AU RUBENSTEIN, R AF RUBENSTEIN, R TI HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY ISSUES FOR EVALUATION OF HALON REPLACEMENTS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGY TO RISK ASSESSMENT CY MAY 19-21, 1992 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, USN, NAVAL MED RES INST DETACHMENT, USA, BIOMED RES & DEV LAB DE HALON SUBSTITUTE; CARDIOTOXICITY; FIRE EXTINGUISHING AB The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to phase out production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals - among them, the fire suppressants, halons. As part of its rulemaking efforts EPA must evaluate the potential hazards to human health and the environment that could result from exposure to compounds that may substitute for halons. The EPA bases health hazard assessment on data obtained in studies involving short-term and long-term exposures. The former are used to evaluate potential risks of acute or delayed effects potentially resulting from short exposures at high concentrations, such as might be experienced in episodic emissions in the workplace. Studies with long-term exposure are used to assess potential adverse effects from continued exposure to low ambient concentrations. In addition, reproductive and developmental hazards are evaluated in several animal species. About ten chlorinated-, brominated-, and/or fluorinated-hydrogen-containing hydrocarbons, to be used alone or in combination, have been proposed as halon substitutes. In addition to health and safety, environmental, efficacy, and marketability considerations (Table I) need to be addressed for the selection of proposed halon substitutes. This presentation will discuss current EPA/Office of Air and Radiation thinking on a decision-tree approach for testing the toxicity of halon substitutes under the Significant New Alternatives Policy program. RP RUBENSTEIN, R (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW 6205J,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90114-D PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LH577 UT WOS:A1993LH57700005 PM 8516765 ER PT J AU MCMASTER, SB AF MCMASTER, SB TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY, REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY, AND NEUROTOXICITY AS REGULATORY END-POINTS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGY TO RISK ASSESSMENT CY MAY 19-21, 1992 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, USN, NAVAL MED RES INST DETACHMENT, USA, BIOMED RES & DEV LAB DE NEUROTOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; TEST GUIDELINES AB For decades, cancer has been the primary toxicological endpoint used in the assessment of hazard and risk. Regulatory decisions related to the manufacture, transport, and use of a chemical are often based solely on cancer data. Federal policy is now shifting toward more frequent evaluation and application of alternative endpoints of toxicity. Among the endpoints of particular current interest are developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Significant progress has been made in the development of standardized guidelines for testing chemicals for their potential effects on these endpoints. Corresponding guidelines for the assessment of risk on the basis of data on these endpoints are in various stages of development. RP MCMASTER, SB (reprint author), US EPA,OPPTS,TS-788,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90133-I PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LH577 UT WOS:A1993LH57700024 PM 8516767 ER PT J AU TILSON, HA AF TILSON, HA TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS USED IN NEUROTOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGY TO RISK ASSESSMENT CY MAY 19-21, 1992 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, USN, NAVAL MED RES INST DETACHMENT, USA, BIOMED RES & DEV LAB DE BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY; TIER-TESTING; METHODS ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; SEIZURE ACTIVITY; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; RATS; NEUROTOXICITY; TRIMETHYLTIN; ACRYLAMIDE; DEFICITS AB Exposure to chemicals in the environment and workplace can have adverse effects on the nervous system. Behavioral endpoints are being used with greater frequency in the hazard identification phase of neurotoxicology risk assessment. One reason behavioral procedures are used in animal neurotoxicology studies is that they evaluate neurobiological functions known to be affected in humans exposed to neurotoxic agents, including alterations in sensory, motor, autonomic, and cognitive function. In hazard identification, behavioral tests are used in a tiered-testing context. Tests in the first tier are designed to determine the presence of neurotoxicity. Examples of first-tier behavioral tests include functional observational batteries and motor activity. Second-tier tests are used to characterize neurotoxicant-induced effects on sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Second-tier tests are usually more complex and costly to perform. Reliance on behavioral endpoints in neurotoxicology risk assessment will likely increase in the future. RP TILSON, HA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90134-J PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA LH577 UT WOS:A1993LH57700025 PM 8516768 ER PT J AU CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WILLIAMS, DE TIERSCH, TR AF CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WILLIAMS, DE TIERSCH, TR TI NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TRIPLOIDY IN A WILD BROWN BULLHEAD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH AB We report the rare, natural occurrence of triploidy in a brown bullhead Ameiurus (formerly Ictalurus) nebulosus. This is to our knowledge the first report of naturally occurring triploidy within the family Ictaluridae. The nuclei of blood cells were studied by flow cytometry, volume measurement, and computer-assisted image analysis. The triploid had a genome size of 3.29 pg DNA/cell compared to 2.23 pg DNA/cell (SD, 0.02 pg) for 28 diploid brown bullheads. Volume measurement and image analysis were able to detect the triploid condition; however, flow cytometry was the most precise technique and had the greatest resolution. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP CORMIER, SM (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0390:NOOTIA>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LR876 UT WOS:A1993LR87600009 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD AF GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD TI REPORT OF THE VALIDATION AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER COMMITTEE OF THE JOHNS-HOPKINS-CENTER-FOR-ALTERNATIVES-TO-ANIMAL-TESTING - FRAMEWORK FOR VALIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INVITRO TOXICITY TESTS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID EYE IRRITATION TEST; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; TOXICOLOGY; PROJECT AB The development and application of in vitro alternatives designed to reduce or replace the use of animals, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend in toxicology. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate validation activities. A framework capable of fostering the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technological developments from the research laboratory into practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks, a data bank, and reference laboratories. The creation of a Scientific Advisory Board composed of experts in the various aspects and endpoints of toxicity testing, and representing the academic, industrial and regulatory communities, is recommended. Test validation acceptance is contingent upon broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community-academics, industry and government. This is best achieved by early and frequent communication among parties and agreement upon common goals. It is hoped that the creation of a validation infrastructure composed of the elements described in this report will facilitate scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of replacement, reduction and refinement alternatives in toxicity testing. C1 HAZLETON LABS,VIENNA,VA 22182. AVON PROD INC,SUFFERN,NY 10901. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SYRACUSE,NY 13221. COSMET TOILETRY & FRAGRANCE ASSOC INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US FDA,LAUREL,MD 20708. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,REHOBETH BEACH,DE 19971. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US FDA,OFF ANIM CARE & USE,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP GOLDBERG, AM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR ALTERNAT ANIM TESTING,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 563 EP 572 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LJ179 UT WOS:A1993LJ17900008 PM 8342302 ER PT J AU LOWENTHAL, DH BORYS, RD ROGERS, CF CHOW, JC STEVENS, RK PINTO, JP ONDOV, JM AF LOWENTHAL, DH BORYS, RD ROGERS, CF CHOW, JC STEVENS, RK PINTO, JP ONDOV, JM TI A FINE-PARTICLE SODIUM TRACER FOR LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF THE KUWAITI OIL-FIRE SMOKE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION AEROSOL; ELEMENTAL TRACERS AB Evidence for long-range transport of the Kuwaiti oil-fire smoke during the months following the Persian Gulf War has been more or less indirect. For example, high concentrations of aerosol particles containing soot and oil-combustion tracers such as vanadium observed at great distances from the Middle East may have come from sources other than the oil fires. However, more-recent data on the aerosol chemistry of Kuwaiti oil-fire plumes provides a direct link between those fires and aerosols collected at the Mauna Loa observatory (MLO) during the late spring and summer of 1991. By itself, temporal covariation of fine-particle concentrations of elemental carbon, sulfur, and the noncrustal V/Zn ratio in MLO aerosols suggested a link to large-scale oil-combustion sources, but not necessarily to Kuwait. However, high concentrations of fine-particle (0.1-1.0 mum diameter) NaCl were observed in the ''white'' oil-fire plumes over Kuwait during the summer of 1991. Further analysis of the Mauna Loa data indicates strong temporal correspondence between the noncrustal V/Zn and noncrustal Na/Zn ratios and strong consistency between the noncrustal Na to noncrustal V ratios found at Mauna Loa and in the Kuwaiti oil-fire plume. In the absence of other demonstrable sources of fine-particle Na, these relationships provide a direct link between the Kuwaiti oil fires and aerosol composition observed at MLO. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP LOWENTHAL, DH (reprint author), DESERT RES INST,POB 60220,RENO,NV 89506, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 8 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1029/93GL00397 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LA342 UT WOS:A1993LA34200014 ER PT J AU WALLACE, L AF WALLACE, L TI CIGARETTES - POINT-SOURCE FOR BENZENE EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter RP WALLACE, L (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR 22 PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 DI 10.2307/3431562 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LD794 UT WOS:A1993LD79400005 ER PT J AU BROWN, JP COLLINS, JF AF BROWN, JP COLLINS, JF TI USE OF MICROCOMPUTERS TO APPLY BUTADIENE METABOLIC DATA TO PUBLIC-HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1130 EP A1130 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800527 ER PT J AU LIN, DP FALKENBERG, C PAYNE, DA THAKKAR, J TANG, C ELLY, C AF LIN, DP FALKENBERG, C PAYNE, DA THAKKAR, J TANG, C ELLY, C TI KINETICS OF PURGING FOR THE PRIORITY VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The kinetics of organics purging in the purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique for the concentration of volatile compounds in water using primary fragment ions in modified method 524.2 is revealed to be first order with respect to purging time. This kinetic model is applicable from a concentration of 200 ppb for ketones and nitrogen compounds to the sub-ppb levels for more readily purgeable volatile compounds. The purging ratios of the compounds, as well as their first-order purging rate constants, are obtained. The rate constant can be used as an alternative guide to gas chromatographic retention time for the selection of internal standards for quantitation purposes and/or replacement of surrogates for performance and quality assurance. C1 ROY F WESTON INC,CHICAGO,IL 60605. US EPA,CHICAGO,IL. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 8 BP 999 EP 1002 DI 10.1021/ac00056a009 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KX396 UT WOS:A1993KX39600008 ER PT J AU GIANNINI, SH FOX, BS GOIDL, EA LUEBKE, R AF GIANNINI, SH FOX, BS GOIDL, EA LUEBKE, R TI EFFECT OF UVB IRRADIATION ON LEISHMANIA-MAJOR INFECTION IN C3H MICE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A70 EP A70 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600400 ER PT J AU GHIO, AJ HATCH, GE AF GHIO, AJ HATCH, GE TI LAVAGE PHOSPHOLIPID CONCENTRATION AFTER SILICA INSTILLATION IN THE RAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEXED [FE3+] ON THE DUST SURFACE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-SURFACTANT; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE METABOLISM; ALVEOLAR INJURY; FIBROSIS; BLEOMYCIN; REPAIR; LUNGS; MODEL AB The basis for surfactant accumulation after silica exposure is not known. As a result of an association between elevations in extracellular surfactant and oxidant exposures, we tested the hypothesis that (1) surfactant-enriched material can function as an in vitro target for oxidants catalyzed by Fe3+ complexed to the surface of silica, and (2) in vivo alveolar accumulation of surfactant after exposure of the lower respiratory tract to silica is associated with the concentration of Fe3+ complexed to the dust surface. Surfactant-enriched material was incubated in both chemical and cellular systems with either Gey's balanced salt solution, acid-washed silica, deferoxamine-treated silica, wetted silica, or iron-loaded silica. The absorbance of oxidized products was associated with concentrations of complexed iron on the surface of the silica dust. Rats (n = 10/group) were intratracheally instilled with either normal saline, 6.0 mg acid-washed silica, 6.0 mg deferoxamine-treated silica, 6.0 mg wetted silica, or 6.0 mg iron-loaded silica. Ninety-six hours after tracheal instillation, silica significantly increased extracellular surfactant as reflected by lipid phosphorous in the total lavage fluid. Lipid accumulation was associated with concentrations of surface complexed iron on the surface of the silica. C1 DURHAM VA MED CTR,DURHAM,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV EXPTL TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY CRIT CARE & RESP MED,DURHAM,NC 27706. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL02655] NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA KY236 UT WOS:A1993KY23600009 PM 8386535 ER PT J AU SEAL, E MCDONNELL, WF HOUSE, DE SALAAM, SA DEWITT, PJ BUTLER, SO GREEN, J RAGGIO, L AF SEAL, E MCDONNELL, WF HOUSE, DE SALAAM, SA DEWITT, PJ BUTLER, SO GREEN, J RAGGIO, L TI THE PULMONARY RESPONSE OF WHITE AND BLACK ADULTS TO 6 CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE; FEMALES; MALES AB Many early studies of respiratory responsiveness to ozone (O3) were done on healthy, young, white males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender or race differences in O3 response exist among white and black, males and females, and to develop concentration-response curves for each of the gender-race groups. Three hundred seventy-two subjects (n > 90 in each gender-race group), ages 18 to 35 yr, were exposed once for 2.33 h to 0.0 (purified air), 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.30, or 0.40 ppm O3. Each exposure was preceded by baseline pulmonary function tests and a symptom questionnaire. The first 2 h of exposure included alternating 15-min periods of rest and exercise on a motorized treadmill producing a minute ventilation (V(E)) of 25 L/min/m2 body surface area (BSA). After exposure, subjects completed a set of pulmonary function tests and a symptom questionnaire. Lung function and symptom responses were expressed as percent change from baseline and analyzed using a nonparametric two factor analysis of variance. Three primary variables were analyzed: FEV1, specific airway resistance (SRaw), and cough. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences in response to O3 among the individual gender-race groups. For the group as a whole, changes in the variables FEV1, SRaw, and cough were first noted at 0.12, 0.18, and 0.18 ppm O3, respectively. Adjusted for exercise difference, concentration-response curves for FEV1 and cough among white males were consistent with previous reports (1). C1 US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ROCKWELL INT CORP,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SERV INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP SEAL, E (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MED RES BLDG,C CB7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 BP 804 EP 810 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KV724 UT WOS:A1993KV72400004 PM 8466113 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF MULLER, KE BROMBERG, PA SHY, CM AF MCDONNELL, WF MULLER, KE BROMBERG, PA SHY, CM TI PREDICTORS OF INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN ACUTE RESPONSE TO OZONE EXPOSURE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY RESPONSES; EXERCISING CHILDREN; PPM OZONE; RATS; POLLUTION AB The purpose of this study was to identify personal characteristics that predict individual differences in acute FEV1 response to ozone exposure. Response and predictor data were collected on 290 white male volunteers 18 to 32 yr of age who were each exposed to one of six concentrations of ozone between 0.0 and 0.40 part per million. The sample was divided into an exploratory sample of 96 and a confirmatory sample of 194 subjects. Exploratory analysis indicated that ozone, age, and several other variables explained a significant proportion of the variance in response. In the confirmatory sample, only age and ozone concentration predicted FEV1 decrement. For the combined sample ozone explained 31% of the variance, with age accounting for an additional 4%. The model predicted a decreasing response with increasing age for all nonzero ozone concentrations. For exposure to 0.40 ppm, the model predicts decrements in FEV1 of 1.07 and 0.47 L for 18- and 30-yr-old subjects, respectively. We concluded that for white male subjects age was a significant predictor of response, with older subjects being less responsive to ozone. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exploratory analysis without control of type I statistical error rates may result in apparent findings that cannot be replicated. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MCDONNELL, WF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 BP 818 EP 825 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KV724 UT WOS:A1993KV72400006 PM 8466115 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J SLATER, D LARSON, TV PIERSON, WE KOENIG, JQ AF SCHWARTZ, J SLATER, D LARSON, TV PIERSON, WE KOENIG, JQ TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS FOR ASTHMA IN SEATTLE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; INDOOR; ADMISSIONS; POLLUTANTS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURES AB Recent studies have associated short-term exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM10) exposure with peak flow decrements, increased symptoms of respiratory irritation, increased use of asthma medications, and increased hospitalization for asthma. Increased mortality from chronic respiratory disease has also been reported. To help confirm whether PM10 exposure is a risk factor for the exacerbation of asthma, we compiled daily records of asthma emergency room visits from eight hospitals in the Seattle area. In Poisson regressions controlling for weather, season, time trends, age, hospital, and day of the week, the daily counts of emergency room visits for persons under age 65 were significantly associated with PM10 exposure on the previous day. The mean of the previous 4 days' PM10 was a better predictor (p < 0.005). The relative risk for a 30 mug/m3 increase in PM10 was 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.04). Daily PM10 concentrations never exceeded 70% of the current ambient air quality standards during the period. The consistency of investigations of the health effects of PM10 suggest that increased attention should be given to the control of particulate matter air pollution. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SC-34,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PEDIAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES 02366] NR 36 TC 486 Z9 492 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 BP 826 EP 831 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KV724 UT WOS:A1993KV72400007 PM 8466116 ER PT J AU BALL, B HORSTMAN, D FOLINSBEE, L GERRITY, T DEWITT, P ABDULSALAAM, S BROWN, J AF BALL, B HORSTMAN, D FOLINSBEE, L GERRITY, T DEWITT, P ABDULSALAAM, S BROWN, J TI PULMONARY RESPONSES IN ASTHMATICS PERFORMING LIGHT EXERCISE IN CLEAN-AIR (AIR) AND 0.16 PPM OZONE (O3) SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HERL,HSD,CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A640 EP A640 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902446 ER PT J AU BECKER, S QUAY, J CLAPP, WA SCHWARTZ, DA KOREN, HS AF BECKER, S QUAY, J CLAPP, WA SCHWARTZ, DA KOREN, HS TI CHEMOKINE AND ICAM-1 MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AND BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS OBTAINED FROM INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO INHALATION OF ENDOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN DUST SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TRC ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A471 EP A471 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901789 ER PT J AU BISCARDI, F GERRITY, T STRONG, A GARLINGTON, R BROMBERG, P AF BISCARDI, F GERRITY, T STRONG, A GARLINGTON, R BROMBERG, P TI OZONE UPTAKE IN HUMAN AIRWAYS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A640 EP A640 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902444 ER PT J AU CARTER, JD REED, W MCKINNON, KP DEVLIN, RB AF CARTER, JD REED, W MCKINNON, KP DEVLIN, RB TI CHANGES IN IL-6, IL-8, AND FIBRONECTIN MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION IN A HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE EXPOSED TO OZONE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. TRC ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RI Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008 OI Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A787 EP A787 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14903003 ER PT J AU CAZARES, L DEVLIN, RB SAMET, J KWOCK, L FRIEDMAN, M AF CAZARES, L DEVLIN, RB SAMET, J KWOCK, L FRIEDMAN, M TI ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE (DFMO) PROTECTS ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS (EC) FROM IONIZING-RADIATION BY A POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL PROCESS INVOLVING ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE (ODC) SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A670 EP A670 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902563 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, RS TIAN, QX YAN, LY QIAN, ZM CHEN, Y SUN, CW LIOY, PJ AF CHAPMAN, RS TIAN, QX YAN, LY QIAN, ZM CHEN, Y SUN, CW LIOY, PJ TI AIR-POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH IN CHINESE CITIES - PILOT-STUDY RESULTS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. GANSU PROV ENVIRONM RES CTR,GANSU,PEOPLES R CHINA. GUANGZHOU ENVIRONM MONITORING STN,CANTON,PEOPLES R CHINA. WUHAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,WUHAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,PISCATAWAY,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A642 EP A642 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902455 ER PT J AU CLAPP, WD BECKER, S FREES, KL QUAY, J WATT, JL THOME, PS ZHANG, X LUX, CR SCHWARTZ, DA AF CLAPP, WD BECKER, S FREES, KL QUAY, J WATT, JL THOME, PS ZHANG, X LUX, CR SCHWARTZ, DA TI GRAIN DUST INDUCED AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A527 EP A527 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902000 ER PT J AU COSTA, DL TEPPER, JS WINSETT, D HATCH, GE AF COSTA, DL TEPPER, JS WINSETT, D HATCH, GE TI ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC LUNG TOXICITY OF INHALED PHOSGENE IN RATS - THE INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE PATTERN SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A903 EP A903 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14903458 ER PT J AU CRISSMAN, KM SLADE, R DEVLIN, R HATCH, GE AF CRISSMAN, KM SLADE, R DEVLIN, R HATCH, GE TI EFFECTS OF NO2 EXPOSURE ON HUMAN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID ANTIOXIDANTS AND OTHER BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A444 EP A444 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901685 ER PT J AU CURRIE, WD KAUFMAN, BD PEARLSTEIN, RD HATCH, GE FROSOLONO, MF AF CURRIE, WD KAUFMAN, BD PEARLSTEIN, RD HATCH, GE FROSOLONO, MF TI ACTIVATION OF RAT LUNG PURINE NUCLEOTIDE CATABOLIC PATHWAYS FOLLOWING PHOSGENE GAS INHALATION SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A385 EP A385 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901453 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, RB FOLINSBEE, LJ BISCARDI, F BECKER, S MADDEN, M ROBBINS, M KOREN, HS AF DEVLIN, RB FOLINSBEE, LJ BISCARDI, F BECKER, S MADDEN, M ROBBINS, M KOREN, HS TI ATTENUATION OF CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN THE LUNGS OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO OZONE FOR 5 CONSECUTIVE DAYS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. TRC ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A71 EP A71 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900237 ER PT J AU DREHER, KL JASKOT, R AF DREHER, KL JASKOT, R TI KINETICS OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE FOLLOWING A SINGLE 4 HOUR OZONE EXPOSURE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A485 EP A485 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901843 ER PT J AU DYE, JA TEPPER, JS WINSETT, DW LEHMANN, JR COSTA, DL AF DYE, JA TEPPER, JS WINSETT, DW LEHMANN, JR COSTA, DL TI CRITICAL VARIABLES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS CHANGES IN ANIMAL-MODELS OF LUNG INJURY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNC,CEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A382 EP A382 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901443 ER PT J AU FOLINSBEE, LJ DEVLIN, RB ABDULSALAAM, S KOREN, HS AF FOLINSBEE, LJ DEVLIN, RB ABDULSALAAM, S KOREN, HS TI REPEATED SEVERE OZONE EXPOSURE CAUSES DEPRESSED BASE-LINE SPIROMETRY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A638 EP A638 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902437 ER PT J AU GERRITY, T BROWN, J BENNETT, W KIM, C AF GERRITY, T BROWN, J BENNETT, W KIM, C TI THE DEPENDENCE OF AEROSOL BOLUS DISPERSION ON FLOW AND LUNG-VOLUME SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNC,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A454 EP A454 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901724 ER PT J AU GILMOUR, MI TEPPER, JS WINSETT, D PARK, P SELGRADE, MJK AF GILMOUR, MI TEPPER, JS WINSETT, D PARK, P SELGRADE, MJK TI IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN BROWN NORWAY RATS SENSITIZED AND CHALLENGED WITH DUST MITE ANTIGEN SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. MANTECH ENVIRON,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,HERL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A553 EP A553 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902104 ER PT J AU HANLEY, NM KOZUMBO, WJ COSTA, DL TICE, RR MADDEN, MC AF HANLEY, NM KOZUMBO, WJ COSTA, DL TICE, RR MADDEN, MC TI INDUCTION OF DNA SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS IN LUNG-CELLS BY OZONE EXPOSURE INVIVO AND INVITRO SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. INTEGRATED LAB SYST,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A670 EP A670 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902561 ER PT J AU HARDER, S BOEHLECKE, B JACOBS, RR BECKER, S DEVLIN, RB AF HARDER, S BOEHLECKE, B JACOBS, RR BECKER, S DEVLIN, RB TI SPIROMETRIC AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO COTTON DUST CONTAINING DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF LPS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. TRC ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A529 EP A529 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902007 ER PT J AU HATCH, G SLADE, R NORWOOD, J CRISSMAN, K MCKEE, J HARRIS, L AF HATCH, G SLADE, R NORWOOD, J CRISSMAN, K MCKEE, J HARRIS, L TI VITAMIN-C PROTECTION AGAINST OZONE EXPOSURE BY INHIBITION OF OXYGENATION OF LUNG AND NASAL TISSUES SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A444 EP A444 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901686 ER PT J AU HATCH, G MCGEE, J SLADE, R AF HATCH, G MCGEE, J SLADE, R TI MARKERS OF ACUTE DOSE AND EFFECT DURING EXPOSURE TO A MODEL PULMONARY IRRITANT GAS - IMPLICATIONS ON DETERMINING SUSCEPTIBILITY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A383 EP A383 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901447 ER PT J AU HORSTMAN, D KOTESOVEC, F VITNEROVA, N AF HORSTMAN, D KOTESOVEC, F VITNEROVA, N TI RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF SCHOOL-CHILDREN RESIDING IN TEPLICE CZECH REPUBLIC SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HERL,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DIST INST HYG,TEPLICE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A639 EP A639 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902443 ER PT J AU KIM, CS HU, SH DEWITT, P GERRITY, T AF KIM, CS HU, SH DEWITT, P GERRITY, T TI ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL DEPOSITION OF INHALED PARTICLES IN THE CONDUCTING AIRWAYS OF HUMAN LUNG DURING NORMAL BREATHING SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CEMLB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A13 EP A13 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900011 ER PT J AU KINNULA, VL CHANG, L CRAPO, JD DEVLIN, RB AF KINNULA, VL CHANG, L CRAPO, JD DEVLIN, RB TI HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES SCAVENGE EXOGENOUS HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE BY A CATALASE-DEPENDENT PATHWAY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HELSINKI,SF-00100 HELSINKI 10,FINLAND. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A443 EP A443 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901681 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, UP HATCH, G DREHER, K CRISSMAN, K SLADE, R RICHARDS, J COSTA, DL AF KODAVANTI, UP HATCH, G DREHER, K CRISSMAN, K SLADE, R RICHARDS, J COSTA, DL TI INFLAMMATORY CHANGES AND ANTIOXIDANT HOMEOSTASIS FOLLOWING ONE WEEK OF CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO OZONE IN NORMAL AND VITAMIN-C DEFICIENT GUINEA-PIGS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRON INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A928 EP A928 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14903559 ER PT J AU KOTCHMAR, DJ HASSELBLAD, V AF KOTCHMAR, DJ HASSELBLAD, V TI THE INFLUENCE OF COVARIATES IN A METAANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A630 EP A630 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902406 ER PT J AU LEUENBERGER, P SCHWARTZ, J ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U AF LEUENBERGER, P SCHWARTZ, J ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U TI PASSIVE EXPOSURE TO TOBACCO-SMOKE AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BASEL,INST SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,CH-4051 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. CHU VAUDOIS,DIV PNEUMOL,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A368 EP A368 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901388 ER PT J AU MADDEN, MC SMITH, JP HANLEY, N MCKINNON, K DEVLIN, R FRIEDMAN, M AF MADDEN, MC SMITH, JP HANLEY, N MCKINNON, K DEVLIN, R FRIEDMAN, M TI OZONE EXPOSURE INDUCES AN INHIBITION OF ARACHIDONIC-ACID ESTERIFICATION IN HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. TRC ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RI Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008 OI Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A669 EP A669 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902560 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF SMITH, MV AF MCDONNELL, WF SMITH, MV TI MAGNITUDE OF ACUTE RESPONSE TO OZONE EXPOSURE AS A FUNCTION OF EXPOSURE RATE AND TOTAL INHALED DOSE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A640 EP A640 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902445 ER PT J AU MENACHE, MG ALBAYATI, MA MILLER, FJ JARABEK, AM RAABE, OG AF MENACHE, MG ALBAYATI, MA MILLER, FJ JARABEK, AM RAABE, OG TI EXTRATHORACIC DEPOSITION OF AEROSOL-PARTICLES IN LABORATORY RODENTS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. CIIT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A14 EP A14 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900013 ER PT J AU MERCER, RR COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD AF MERCER, RR COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD TI ALVEOLAR SEPTAL INJURY FROM LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURES TO NITRIC-OXIDE AND NITROGEN-DIOXIDE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A385 EP A385 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901456 ER PT J AU PLOPPER, C WONG, V DUAN, X TARKINGTON, B DEVLIN, R HATCH, G BUCKPITT, A AF PLOPPER, C WONG, V DUAN, X TARKINGTON, B DEVLIN, R HATCH, G BUCKPITT, A TI RELATIONSHIP OF ACUTE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL INJURY TO SITE-SPECIFIC OZONE DOSE AND GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION IN RHESUS-MONKEYS EXPOSED TO OZONE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A670 EP A670 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902562 ER PT J AU QUAY, J BECKER, S KOREN, HS CLAPP, WA SCHWARTZ, DA AF QUAY, J BECKER, S KOREN, HS CLAPP, WA SCHWARTZ, DA TI COMPARISON OF CYTOKINE (IL-1-BETA, SIL-1RA, IL-6 AND TNF-ALPHA) EXPRESSION IN HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM AND IN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES EXPOSED TO ENDOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN DUST SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TCR ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A19 EP A19 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900034 ER EF