FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SORENSEN, JA SCHMIDT, KW LIANG, L AF SORENSEN, JA SCHMIDT, KW LIANG, L TI AIRBORNE MERCURY SPECIES IN PRECIPITATION - SEASONAL AND ECOREGIONAL VARIATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV MINNESOTA,DULUTH,MN 55812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 76 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601919 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL AF WALLER, CL TI COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS (COMFA) STUDIES OF ANDROGEN, ESTROGEN, AND PROGESTIN RECEPTOR LIGANDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 84 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601359 ER PT J AU DEVITO, SC GARRETT, RL AF DEVITO, SC GARRETT, RL TI POLLUTION PREVENTION BY DESIGNING SAFER CHEMICALS - A PRIORITY OF THE UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXICS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 93 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601522 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI THE GROWING NEED FOR RISK ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 112 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601813 ER PT J AU BONNELYCKE, N AF BONNELYCKE, N TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING CLEANING CHEMISTRIES TO REPLACE CFC-113 AND METHYL CHLOROFORM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 116 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25602075 ER PT J AU CULLATI, AG AF CULLATI, AG TI UNITED-STATES EPAS NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR,BAY CITY,MI 48708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 117 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601546 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD COLLETTE, TW PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW AF RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD COLLETTE, TW PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW TI ALTERNATIVE DISINFECTANTS FOR DRINKING-WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 121 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601550 ER PT J AU DAVIES, T AF DAVIES, T TI COMMON-SENSE AND CHLORINE IN THE PAPER-INDUSTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 141 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601570 ER PT J AU SHIM, JY RICHARD, AM AF SHIM, JY RICHARD, AM TI COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON BETA-LYASE MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATES OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 193 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601622 ER PT J AU CHE, YS BARNARD, W LI, YZ AF CHE, YS BARNARD, W LI, YZ TI PHOTOINDUCED DIMERIZATION OF THYMINE FOR UVB RADIATION MEASUREMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CLARKSON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,POTSDAM,NY 13699. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 195 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601624 ER PT J AU IZZOTTI, A SCATOLINI, L LEWTAS, J WALSH, D DEFLORA, S AF IZZOTTI, A SCATOLINI, L LEWTAS, J WALSH, D DEFLORA, S TI ENHANCED LEVELS OF DNA-ADDUCTS IN THE LIVER OF WOODCHUCKS INFECTED WITH HEPATITIS-VIRUS SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS B; WOODCHUCKS; DNA ADDUCTS; METABOLISM; CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENS; PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ID B VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENS; POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; I-COMPOUNDS; AFLATOXIN; RAT; ENZYMES AB Liver DNA specimens from woodchucks kept in captivity, 10 naturally infected with hepatitis virus (WHV) and five WHV-free, were examined for the presence of carcinogen-DNA adducts by P-32-postlabeling. The number of adducts was significantly higher in WHV carriers than in uninfected animals, and the total amounts of adducts per 10(9) nucleotides were also considerably enhanced by WHV infection, when using both butanol extraction (22.2 +/- 7.1 vs. 12.6 +/- 2.8, means +/- S.D.) and nuclease P-1 enrichment (8.5 +/- 5.9 vs. 2.8 +/- 1.7). Two individual adducts were also significantly higher in WHV carriers. No significant variation occurred as related to age, sex or time length of captivity. These findings are consistent with our previous studies supporting an enhanced metabolism of chemical hepatocarcinogens in both human and woodchuck hepadnavirus infections. Several significant and remarkable correlations were pointed out by relating DNA adduct data to more than 30 virological, histopathological and metabolic parameters which had been previously evaluated in the same animals, For instance, numbers and/or levels of adducts were positively related to the amounts of virus present in hepatocytes, to cell damage (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity), to the severity of the liver histopathological picture, and to monooxygenase activities, while they were inversely related to cellular glutathione concentrations and to detoxification of the direct-acting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The major adduct significantly correlated with the metabolic activation of the aromatic amine 2-aminofluorene and of the heterocyclic amines 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3)indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (MeIQ), whereas another adduct significantly correlated with the metabolic activation of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B-1. Thus, the enhanced metabolism of chemical hepatocarcinogens and the increased formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts in the liver of WHV carriers appear to represent one of the mechanisms contributing to the association between chronic hepadnavirus infection and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. C1 UNIV GENOA, INST HYG & PREVENT MED, I-16132 GENOA, ITALY. US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. INTEGRATED LAB SYST, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. OI izzotti, alberto/0000-0002-8588-0347 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD AUG 18 PY 1995 VL 97 IS 3 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(95)03622-S PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RX557 UT WOS:A1995RX55700007 PM 7671344 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL TI INCORPORATION OF 5-IODO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE AND 5-BROMO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE INTO RODENT DNA AS DETERMINED BY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IODODEOXYURIDINE; QUANTITATION AB Using 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdU) and 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) as DNA precursors, neutron activation analysis (NAA) of iodine and Br was developed as a quantitative method for determining DNA synthesis. Endogenous rodent tissue concentrations of bromine (Br) and iodine ranged 100-fold from a low of 0.06 mu g of iodine/g of rat gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to a high of 5.99 mu g of Br/g of rat kidney. All 10 rodent tissues had concentrations of Br 4 to 76 times higher than those of iodine. Rat hepatic Br concentrations could be reduced 17-fold by dietary and pharmacological methods. Female Fischer 344 rats and male C57BL/6 mice were given 4-8 intraperitoneal injections of either IdU or BrdU as a DNA precursor. Tissue clearance of iodine in IdU-treated rodents was both faster and more complete (in mice 4 h and in rats 17 h or less) than Br clearance from BrdU-treated rodents (at 162 h nonincorporated Br label still remains). In rat liver, lung, and kidney, the iodine label incorporated from IdU into DNA was stable for at least 162 h. The incorporation ratio is defined as the mu g halogen/g tissue for either IdU- or BrdU-treated rodents divided by the mu g halogen/g tissue of untreated rodents. NAA-based studies of DNA synthesis gave high incorporation ratios in rat liver (5.3), rat lung (6.7), rat GIT (19.0), rat spleen (24.0), mouse GIT (10.1), and mouse spleen (25.8). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM CARCINOGENESIS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 229 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1006/abio.1995.1400 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RP714 UT WOS:A1995RP71400004 PM 7485970 ER PT J AU MAGE, DT AF MAGE, DT TI UNTITLED SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP MAGE, DT (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 56 IS 8 BP 840 EP 840 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RN314 UT WOS:A1995RN31400014 PM 7653437 ER PT J AU LEWIS, RG ROBERTS, JW CHUANG, JC CAMANN, DE RUBY, MG AF LEWIS, RG ROBERTS, JW CHUANG, JC CAMANN, DE RUBY, MG TI MEASURING AND REDUCING EXPOSURE TO THE POLLUTANTS IN-HOUSE DUST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 ENGN PLUS INC,SEATTLE,WA. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. ENVIROMETR INC,SEATTLE,WA. RP LEWIS, RG (reprint author), US EPA,MD-77,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1168 EP 1168 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1168 PN 1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RN320 UT WOS:A1995RN32000038 PM 7625524 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF STEWART, PW ANDREONI, S SMITH, MV AF MCDONNELL, WF STEWART, PW ANDREONI, S SMITH, MV TI PROPORTION OF MODERATELY EXERCISING INDIVIDUALS RESPONDING TO LOW-LEVEL, MULTI-HOUR OZONE EXPOSURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; 0.12 PPM AB The purpose of this study was to describe the proportion of moderately exercising individuals experiencing significant respiratory responses to low-level, multi-hour ozone exposure as a function of ozone concentration and exposure duration. Sixty-eight healthy, nonsmoking adults, ages 18 to 34 yr, underwent two or more 6.6-h exposures to 0.0, 0.08, 0.10, or 0.12 ppm ozone. Five hours of exercise was performed during exposure, and lung function was measured before exposure and following each hour of exposure. For each combination of concentration and duration, each individual was determined to either have or not have experienced a 10% or greater decrement in FEV(1). A logistic function was used to model the proportion of individuals experiencing such a decrement as a function of concentration and exposure duration. Bootstrap 90% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated around the predictions. The model was found to give predictions that were in good agreement with observed data. The lowest level of exposure (C x T) for which the 90% Cl excluded zero was approximately 0.2 ppm-h. For exposu re to 0.12 ppm ozone for 6.6 h, 47% (90% Cl = 30 to 65%) of exposed individuals were predicted to experience a 10% decrement in FEV(1). A greater proportion of younger adults than of older adults were found to experience a given effect for a given exposure. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. MVS BIOMATH,RALEIGH,NC. RP MCDONNELL, WF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Andreoni, Solange/0000-0003-4589-9876 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 152 IS 2 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA RN576 UT WOS:A1995RN57600023 PM 7633712 ER PT J AU KONG, FM ANSCHER, MS MURASE, T ABBOTT, BD IGLEHART, JD JIRTLE, RL AF KONG, FM ANSCHER, MS MURASE, T ABBOTT, BD IGLEHART, JD JIRTLE, RL TI ELEVATED PLASMA TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA(1) LEVELS IN BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS DECREASE AFTER SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE TWMOR SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BETA; TRANSGENIC MICE; TGF-ALPHA; CELLS; LOCALIZATION; ANTIBODIES; HYPERPLASIA; CARCINOMAS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Objective The authors determined whether untreated breast cancer patients have elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)). Summary Background Data Increased plasma TGF-beta(1) levels recently were found after chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, it currently is unknown whether this elevation in plasma TGF-beta(1) is caused by chemotherapy-induced normal tissue damage or whether it results from the presence of the tumor. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma TGF-beta(1) levels in 26 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients before and after definitive surgery. Patients were grouped by postoperative tumor status: 1) negative lymph nodes (group 1); 2) positive lymph nodes (group 2); and 3) overt residual disease (group 3). The site of TGF-beta(1) production in the tumors was localized by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results Plasma TGF-beta(1) levels were elevated preoperatively in 81% of the patients; TGF-beta(2) and TGF-beta(3) were undetectable. The preoperative TGF-beta(1) levels in the three patient groups were similar; however, the postoperative plasma TGF-beta(1) levels differed by disease status. The mean plasma TGF-beta(1) level in group 1 (n = 12) normalized after surgery (19.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). In contrast, the mean plasma TGF-beta(1) levels remained above normal in both group 2 (n = 9) and group 3 (n = 5) after surgery. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) expression was found to be preferentially increased in the tumor stroma. Conclusions Breast tumors result in increased plasma TGF-beta(1) levels in 81% of patients. After surgical removal of the primary tumor, the plasma TGF-beta(1) level normalizes in the majority of patients; persistently elevated levels correlate with the presence of lymph node metastases or overt residual tumor. These findings suggest that the usefulness of TGF-beta(1) as a potential plasma marker for breast tumors deserves further study. C1 DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT SURG, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT RADIAT ONCOL, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA25951, CA40172] NR 37 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 222 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1097/00000658-199508000-00007 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA RM734 UT WOS:A1995RM73400007 PM 7543740 ER PT J AU LIU, SM JONES, WJ AF LIU, SM JONES, WJ TI BIOTRANSFORMATION OF DICHLOROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN NONADAPTED AND ADAPTED FRESH-WATER SEDIMENT SLURRIES SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; CELL-EXTRACTS; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; AQUIFER SLURRIES; DIGESTED-SLUDGE; POND SEDIMENT; DECHLORINATION; DEGRADATION AB Nonadapted freshwater sediment slurries and sediment slurries adapted to dechlorinate 2,3-dichloropyridine (2,3-Cl(2)Pyd), 2,3-dichloroaniline (2,3-Cl(2)Anl), 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-Cl(2)Pyd), 3,5-dichloropyridine (3,5-Cl(2)Pyd), 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5Cl(2)Anl) and 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-Cl(2)PhOH) were studied to determine the rate, range and extent of biotransformation of structurally related compounds under anaerobic conditions. 2,3-dichloroanisole (2,3Cl(2)Ans) and 3,5-dichloroanisole (3,5-Cl(2)Ans) were initially demethylated, producing 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH and 3,5Cl(2)PhOH as intermediate transformation products. All other dichloroaromatic compounds examined were initially dechlorinated. The rates of dechlorination of 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH, 2,3-Cl(2)Anl, and 2,3-Cl(2)Pyd were significantly lower (5-15 times) in nonadapted sediment slurries compared to sediment slurries adapted to 2,3-Cl(2)Anl or 2,3-Cl(2)Pyd. In 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH adapted sediment, the rate of dechlorination of 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH was 15 times greater than in nonadapted sediment; however, the rates of dechlorination of 2,3-Cl(2)Anl and 2,3-Cl(2)Pyd were similar for 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH-adapted and nonadapted sediment slurries. In adapted and nonadapted sediment slurries, 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH, 2,3-Cl(2)Anl, and 2,3-Cl(2)Pyd were preferentially dechlorinated at the ortho, meta, and meta positions, respectively. Additionally, 2,3-Cl(2)Pyd adapted sediment slurries dechlorinated 2,3-Cl(2)PhOH and 2,3Cl(2)Pyd at both ortho and meta positions. Rates of dechlorination of 3,5-Cl(2)PhOH, 3,5-Cl(2)Anl, and 3,5-Cl(2)Pyd were lower (2-4 times) in nonadapted sediment slurries compared to sediment slurries adapted to 3,5-Cl(2)Anl or 3,5-Cl(2)Pyd. In 3,5-Cl(2)PhOH adapted sediment, the rate of dechlorination of 3,5Cl(2)PhOH was approximately 10 times greater than in nonadapted sediment. In contrast, rates of dechlorination of 3,5-Cl(2)Anl and 3,5-Cl(2)Pyd were similar in 3,5Cl(2)PhOH-adapted and nonadapted sediment slurries. A single meta chlorine was removed for all 3,5-dichloroaromatic compounds tested except 3,5-Cl(2)Ans, which was initially demethylated. These results illustrate differences in the specificity and cross-reactivity of microbial populations adapted to structurally related dichloroaromatic compounds. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 725 EP 732 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RT232 UT WOS:A1995RT23200024 PM 7546610 ER PT J AU LAKE, JL MCKINNEY, R LAKE, CA OSTERMAN, FA HELTSHE, J AF LAKE, JL MCKINNEY, R LAKE, CA OSTERMAN, FA HELTSHE, J TI COMPARISONS OF PATTERNS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS IN WATER, SEDIMENT, AND INDIGENOUS ORGANISMS FROM NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCB CONGENERS; MIXTURES; AROCLOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DECHLORINATION; EQUIVALENTS; SEPARATION; RESIDUES; TOXICITY; SAMPLES AB Polychlorinated biphenyl patterns were compared in samples of water, surface sediment, and the indigenous organisms ribbed mussels (Modiolus demissus), grass shrimp (Paleomonetes pugio), mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitis), and eels (Anguila rostrata) collected from 1991 through 1993 at two stations in the highly contaminated New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts. Principal component analysis of analytical data showed groups of points that corresponded to individual species, but little separation between stations for the same species was found. Linear correlations showed a high level of agree ment between PCB patterns in samples of the exposure environment (water and sediments) and two species of organisms (ribbed mussels and mummichogs). However, due to two separate metabolic alterations of PCBs, the patterns in both shrimp and eels showed poor agreement with patterns in water and sediment. Selective enrichment factors (SEFs), the ratios of individual coplanar or mono-ortho substituted congeners to the total PCBs, were used to compare the relative abundance of congeners in samples. Due to metabolic differences, the SEFs were lower in eels and higher in shrimp than those found in Aroclor(R) standards. C1 US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT COMP SCI & STAT,KINGSTON,RI 02880. RP LAKE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 207 EP 220 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RG149 UT WOS:A1995RG14900009 ER PT J AU VOSE, JM ELLIOTT, KJ JOHNSON, DW WALKER, RF JOHNSON, MG TINGEY, DT AF VOSE, JM ELLIOTT, KJ JOHNSON, DW WALKER, RF JOHNSON, MG TINGEY, DT TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND N FERTILIZATION ON SOIL RESPIRATION FROM PONDEROSA PINE (PINUS-PONDEROSA) IN OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST FLOOR; ROOT RESPIRATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; EFFLUX AB We measured growing season soil CO2 evolution under elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and determine regulating mechanisms. Elevated CO2 treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing 3-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings. Nitrogen applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO2 (ambient, +175, and +350 mu L . L(-1) CO2) and N (0, 10, and 20 g . m(-2) N as ammonium sulfate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at >25%. Soil CO2 evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 h) in April, June, and October 1993 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system. To examine regulating mechanisms, we linked our results with other studies measuring root biomass with destructive sampling and root studies using minirhizotron techniques. Significantly higher soil CO2 evolution was observed in the elevated CO2 treatments in April and October; N effects were not significant. In October, integrated daily values for CO2 evolution ranged from 3.73 to 15.68 g CO2 . m(-2)day(-1) for the ambient CO2 + 0 N and 525 mu L . L(-1) CO2 + 20 g . m(-2) N, respectively. Soil CO2 flux among treatments was correlated with coarse root biomass (r(2) = 0.40; p >F = 0.0380), indicating that at least some of the variation observed among treatments was related to variation in root respiration. Across ail sample periods and treatments, there was a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.63; p >F = 0.0001) between soil CO2 evolution acid percent fungal hyphae observed in minirhizotron tubes. Hence, some of the seasonal and treatment variation was also related to differences in heterotrophic activity. C1 UNIV NEVADA,COLL AGR,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89557. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP VOSE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,999 COWEETA LAB RD,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1251 DI 10.1139/x95-137 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300004 ER PT J AU VATAVUK, WM AF VATAVUK, WM TI MOST OF THE FIGURES CAME FROM THE VENDORS ONLY A FEW MONTHS AGO SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0009-2460 J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK JI Chem. Eng. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 102 IS 8 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA RP765 UT WOS:A1995RP76500015 ER PT J AU BOWYER, JR PLEIL, JD AF BOWYER, JR PLEIL, JD TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AS A MEANS OF CLEANING AND DESORBING COMMON AIR SAMPLING SORBENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide has become an increasingly popular alternative extraction method to Soxhlet extraction for the measurement of organic compounds adsorbed on solid matrices. The application of SFE to air sampling materials for recovery of adsorbed (collected) organic pollutants is an obvious extension of this technology. To develop appropriate methods, the first practical steps are the determination of the physical and chemical stability as well as the general cleanliness of the candidate adsorbent materials under the demanding SFE conditions and compare such results to parallel tests with Soxhlet extraction. This paper describes exploratory research with the common air sampling media Tenax-GC, Tenax-GR, XAD-2, and Carboxen 563. All were found to be physically and chemically compatible with SFE. XAD-2 and Carboxen 563 have an initial cleanup advantage over the two Tenax types and Tenax-GC is subject to artifact formation form ozone exposure. All four sorbent types could, once cleaned, be stored for four weeks in sealed cartridges without buildup of contaminants indicating that the SFE cleanup procedure removes impurities from within the sorbents. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BOWYER, JR (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 2905 EP 2918 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00153-Y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RN855 UT WOS:A1995RN85500012 ER PT J AU LASH, LH XU, YP ELFARRA, AA DUESCHER, RJ PARKER, JC AF LASH, LH XU, YP ELFARRA, AA DUESCHER, RJ PARKER, JC TI GLUTATHIONE-DEPENDENT METABOLISM OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN ISOLATED LIVER AND KIDNEY-CELLS OF RATS AND ITS ROLE IN MITOCHONDRIAL AND CELLULAR TOXICITY SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; S-(1,2 DICHLOROVINYL)-L-CYSTEINE; POSSIBLE RELEVANCE; MICE; DICHLOROACETATE; CONJUGATION; MECHANISM; HEPATOCARCINOGENICITY; TRICHLOROACETATE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Metabolism of trichloroethylene (Tri) by the glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathway was studied in hepatocytes, renal cortical cells, and liver subcellular fractions from male Fischer 344 rats. Toxicity of Tri and some of its GSH- and cytochrome P450-dependent metabolites was then studied in isolated hepatocytes, kidney cells, and liver and kidney mitochondria to assess the relative role of these metabolites in toxicity. Tri metabolism to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG), a nephrotoxic metabolite of Tri, was demonstrated in both isolated hepatocytes and kidney cells. This suggests that the first Tri bioactivation step that leads to nephrotoxicity in vivo occurs in both liver and kidney. Rates of DCVG formation in liver microsomes and cytosol were similar, although total activity was greater in cytosol. Only S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), but not Tri, DCVG, or the other oxidative metabolites examined (trichloroacetate, dichloroacetate, chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol, or oxalic acid) caused acute hepatotoxicity, whereas only DCVC and DCVG produced acute nephrotoxicity in isolated renal cortical cells. Tri and the metabolites examined, except trichloroacetate and DCVG, caused a loss of function of liver and kidney mitochondria. In liver mitochondria, DCVC produced the largest decrease in mitochondrial respiration, whereas Tri, trichloroethanol, and dichloroacetate were somewhat less toxic and chloral hydrate was the least toxic. In kidney mitochondria, in contrast, Tri, trichloroethanol, dichloroacetate, chloral hydrate, and DCVC caused similar decreases in mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that, whereas both GSH conjugation and cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of Tri generate mitochondrial toxicants, only the GSH-derived metabolites were cytotoxic. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,DEPT COMPARAT BIOSCI,MADISON,WI 53706. US EPA,CARCINOGEN ASSESSMENT TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LASH, LH (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,540 E CANFIELD AVE,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1 K04 DK02090, 2 R01 DK40725] NR 44 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 23 IS 8 BP 846 EP 853 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RP094 UT WOS:A1995RP09400011 PM 7493552 ER PT J AU BRODY, MS KEALY, MJ AF BRODY, MS KEALY, MJ TI ISSUES IN ECOSYSTEM VALUATION - IMPROVING INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING - FOREWORD SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP BRODY, MS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA RV909 UT WOS:A1995RV90900001 ER PT J AU BINGHAM, G BISHOP, R BRODY, M BROMLEY, D CLARK, E COOPER, W COSTANZA, R HALE, T HAYDEN, G KELLERT, S NORGAARD, R NORTON, B PAYNE, J RUSSELL, C SUTER, G AF BINGHAM, G BISHOP, R BRODY, M BROMLEY, D CLARK, E COOPER, W COSTANZA, R HALE, T HAYDEN, G KELLERT, S NORGAARD, R NORTON, B PAYNE, J RUSSELL, C SUTER, G TI ISSUES IN ECOSYSTEM VALUATION - IMPROVING INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ECOSYSTEM VALUATION; DECISION MAKERS AB In Spring 1991, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency convened an expert group of ecologists, economists and other social scientists for the purpose of advancing the stare of the art of ecosystem valuation methods. This Ecosystem Valuation Forum was organized as a dialogue because it has been clear from the outset that agreement even on the meaning of the term ''ecosystem valuation'' could not be taken for granted, Individuals from diverse disciplines, and from industry, environmental groups and government agencies disagree about what information about ecosystem services is needed, how it should be used and, therefore, what would constitute an advance in the methods that analysts should employ. The Forum discussed the varied ways in which experts from different disciplines approach valuation, what ecosystem attributes or services are important to value, and the factors that complicate the task of assigning values to ecosystem attributes. The Forum placed particular importance on approaching the problem of ecosystem valuation from the perspective of decision makers. Therefore, members discussed the variety of decision makers who might need valuation information, the controversy over where balancing decisions about costs and benefits should be made, and the implications for what information is needed within different institutional constraints. In addition, agency decision makers operate under real time and resource constraints. Thus, the Forum discussed the need to develop protocols that would guide analysts in a search for decisive information. The Forum concluded that the time is ripe for making new progress in solving some of these problems, while acknowledging that it may not be possible to develop a single unifying definition of value, Instead, the goal would be to understand how various concepts of value are structured, how they relate to each other, and how they can guide us toward a more integrated valuation process. The Forum recommended that next steps in addressing these issues be organized around case studies, particularly those that would enable researchers to improve linkages between ecological and economic methods and to develop improved protocols for valuation studies. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RESOLVE,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI. DELAWARE DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DOVER,DE. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MARYLAND,SOLOMONS,MD. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008 OI Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734 NR 5 TC 93 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0921-8009(95)00021-Z PG 18 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA RV909 UT WOS:A1995RV90900002 ER PT J AU Mouat, DA Hutchinson, CF McClure, BC AF Mouat, DA Hutchinson, CF McClure, BC TI Desertification in developed countries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP Mouat, DA (reprint author), US EPA,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/BF00546876 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP549 UT WOS:A1995TP54900001 PM 24197836 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG MartinezTuranzas, G MartinezMeza, E AF Whitford, WG MartinezTuranzas, G MartinezMeza, E TI Persistence of desertified ecosystems: Explanations and implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on Desertification in Developed Countries - Why Cannot We Control It CY OCT 24-29, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP US Bur Land Management & Environm Protect Agcy, US Forest Ser, Desert Res Inst, Univ Arizona, Nat Conservancy, USDA Agr Res Serv, Soil Conservat Serv, Inst Agroquim & Tecnol Alimentos, Int Arid Lands Consortium, European Soc Soil Conservat ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOIL; PATTERNS; SHRUB; WATER; GRASSLAND; UTAH AB Studies of rainfall partitioning by shrubs, responses of shrub-dominated ecosystems to herbicide treatment, and experiments using drought and supplemental rainfall were conducted to test the hypothesis that the shrub-dominated ecosystems that have replaced desert grasslands are resistant and resilient to disturbance. Between 16 and 25% of the intercepted rainfall is channelized to deep soil storage by stemflow and root channelization. Stemflow water is nutrient enriched and contributes to the ''islands of fertility'' that develop under desert shrubs. Drought and rainfall augmentation experiments during the growing season after 5 consecutive years of summer drought found that (1) growth of creosotebushes, Larrea tridentata, was not significantly affected, (2) perennial grasses and forbs disappeared on droughted plots, (3) nitrogen mineralization increased in the short term, and (4) densities and biomass of spring annual plants increased on the droughted plots. Doubling summer rainfall for 5 consecutive years had less-significant effects. Coppice dunes treated with herbicide in 1979 to kill mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) had the same frequency of occurrence of the shrub as the untreated dunes when remeasured in 1993. These data indicate that the shrub-dominated ecosystems persist because they are resistant and resilient to climatic and anthropogenic stresses. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING RES LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/BF00546898 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP549 UT WOS:A1995TP54900023 PM 24197858 ER PT J AU Surampalli, RY Scheible, OK Banerji, SK AF Surampalli, RY Scheible, OK Banerji, SK TI Nitrification in single-stage trickling filters SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB An assessment of nitrification of municipal wastewater in trickling filters was performed using operating data from wastewater treatment facilities currently in operation. A survey of trickling filter use in the United States found twenty-seven plants accomplishing some degree of nitrification. Of the twenty-seven plants ten were identified as having operating data sufficient for further analysis. Although most of the plants evaluated were not designed as single-state systems they all provided sufficient data to evaluate trickling filter performance as a single-state system. The evaluated plants were generally meeting their permit requirements, including ammonia-nitrogen limits when applied. Analysis of the data compared favorably with the BOD5 loading rates suggested by the EPA Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control. RP Surampalli, RY (reprint author), US EPA,POB 17-2141,KANSAS CITY,KS 66117, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1002/ep.670140315 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UD768 UT WOS:A1995UD76800009 ER PT J AU POWELL, RM PULS, RW HIGHTOWER, SK SABATINI, DA AF POWELL, RM PULS, RW HIGHTOWER, SK SABATINI, DA TI COUPLED IRON CORROSION AND CHROMATE REDUCTION - MECHANISMS FOR SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CHEMICAL BARRIERS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; DELTA-MNO2; SOLUBILITY; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; SOILS AB The reduction of chromium from the Cr(VI) to the Cr(III) state by the presence of elemental, or zero-oxidation-state, iron metal was studied to evaluate the feasibility of such a process for subsurface chromate remediation. Reactions were studied in systems of natural aquifer materials with varying geochemistry. Different forms of iron metal had significantly different abilities to reduce chromate, ranging from extremely rapid to essentially no effect. Impure, partially oxidized iron was most effective, with iron quantity being the most important rate factor, followed by aquifer material type and solid:solution ratio. Evidence for chromium-iron hydroxide solid solution (CrXFe1-x)(OH)(3)(ss) formation was obtained by electron probe microanalysis. A cyclic, multiple reaction electrochemical corrosion mechanism, enhanced by the development of an electrical double-layer analogue, is proposed to explain the differing iron reactivities and aquifer material effects. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74821. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & ENVIRONM SCI,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP POWELL, RM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,919 KERR RES DR,ADA,OK 74821, USA. NR 53 TC 300 Z9 314 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1913 EP 1922 DI 10.1021/es00008a008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL829 UT WOS:A1995RL82900030 PM 22191337 ER PT J AU OZRETICH, RJ SMITH, LM ROBERTS, FA AF OZRETICH, RJ SMITH, LM ROBERTS, FA TI REVERSED-PHASE SEPARATION OF ESTUARINE INTERSTITIAL WATER FRACTIONS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF C-18 RETENTION OF ORGANIC-MATTER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE INTERSTITIAL WATER; PARTITION COEFFICIENTS; PAHS; PCBS; REVERSED PHASE SEPARATION ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED HUMIC MATERIALS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; SORPTION; BINDING; COLLOIDS; POLLUTANTS; SEDIMENTS AB Data are presented on the application of the reversed-phase separation technique for the determination of dissolved organic compounds in estuarine interstitial water. Thirty-seven neutral, nonpolar organic compounds were equilibrated with interstitial water, extracted by emulsion-free gentle liquid-liquid extraction, and quantified using surrogate internal standards. The extraction and quantitation procedures were insensitive to dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC, 1 to 55 mg C/L). Gross dissolved organic carbon retention by the C-18 matrix (7 +/- 2%) was similar to the range reported for fresh water; significant regressions of apparent, DOC-normalized, partition coefficients K-doc' versus compound solubility and octanol/water partition coefficients (K-ow) were determined. An inverse relationship between K-doc' and DOC concentrations, similar to that reported in fresh water, was found, but was reduced or eliminated for many compounds by accounting for the retained bound compound in the calculation of K-doc'; failure to account for C-18 retention of DOM in determining freely dissolved concentrations of high K-ow organic compounds could result in overestimates of this fraction. Partition coefficients of selected compounds between Aldrich humic acid and distilled water were similar to those found in other studies using radiolabeled compounds. RP OZRETICH, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, 2111 SE MARINE SCI DR, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1272 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1261:RSOEIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RK786 UT WOS:A1995RK78600002 ER PT J AU TANNER, DK MOFFETT, MF AF TANNER, DK MOFFETT, MF TI EFFECTS OF DIFLUBENZURON ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF THE BLUEGILL SUNFISH, LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LITTORAL ENCLOSURES; LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DIFLUBENZURON; ZOOPLANKTON ID FIELD EXPERIMENTS; YELLOW PERCH; PERSISTENCE; LAKE; SIZE; POPULATIONS; ORGANISMS; ENCLOSURE; FISHES; GROWTH AB Exposure to diflubenzuron concentrations of 2.5 mu g/L reduced growth of young-of-the-year (Y-O-Y) bluegill by 56 and 86% in replicate enclosures and by 88 and 97% at 30 mu g/L. An adult bluegill reproduction study was conducted in six littoral enclosures located in a 2-ha pond near Duluth, Minnesota. Decreased growth of Y-O-Y-bluegill resulted from the reduction or elimination of preferred invertebrate prey items by diflubenzuron that led to different and/or less Y-O-Y food consumption. Adult bluegill behavior and spawning, embryo hatching, larval survival until swim-up, and Y-O-Y biomass were also studied. Before the first two diflubenzuron applications, spawning occurred in all enclosures; following the first application, spawning occurred in both control enclosures and one 30-mu g/L enclosure. Successful embryo hatching and larval swim-up occurred in all enclosures prior to the first application, and in one control and one 30-mu g/L enclosure following application. The Y-O-Y growth was the most sensitive end point, and Y-O-Y biomass was among the least sensitive end points for bluegill reproductive success. The Y-O-Y bluegills (and potentially other fish species) that are exposed to diflubenzuron concentrations of greater than or equal to 2.5 mu g/L may experience reduced growth, which can result in greater starvation, increased predation, reductions in over-winter survival, and diminished to poor recruitment. RP TANNER, DK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1345 EP 1355 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1345:EODOTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RK786 UT WOS:A1995RK78600010 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, GL AF KIMMEL, GL TI EXPOSURE-DURATION RELATIONSHIPS - THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR HEALTH-EFFECTS OTHER THAN CANCER SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID HEAT EXPOSURE AB The development of the risk assessment process over the past 10 years not only has provided us with a framework to carry out an important regulatory function, but also has aided in the identification of major gaps in our knowledge and the scientific database. One of those gaps is the influence of the duration of exposure on the toxicity of an agent. Currently, approaches to estimating short-duration exposure limits are only generally defined, assuming a constant relationship between the level of an exposure and its duration with respect to the response that can be expected. Within developmental toxicology, even this type of exposure duration adjustment is generally not carried out, the risk assessment being based on the overall daily exposure, regardless of the actual timing, duration, or frequency of exposure or the physicochemical properties of the agent. This article summarizes several current approaches to estimating short-duration exposure limits and outlines preliminary model development that may be useful in better defining the influence of exposure duration on toxicity. The focus is on developmental toxicity, but most of the concepts should be generally applicable to other noncancer health endpoints. RP KIMMEL, GL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,401 M ST,SW 8602,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.3109/08958379509012795 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800004 ER PT J AU CLEGG, ED AF CLEGG, ED TI REVERSIBILITY OF EFFECTS - OVERVIEW AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID CHLORDIMEFORM; TESTIS; RATS AB Recovery from adverse noncancer health effects may occur in some circumstances after cessation of exposure or after adaptation to continuing low-dose exposure. In this overview, factors that influence the reversibility of toxic effects of environmental chemicals are presented, using examples derived from toxicity to the reproductive system. Aspects that must be considered include exposure scenario, stage of the life cycle at which exposure occurs, and the nature of the toxicity. Selected categories of reproductive effects are considered briefly with respect to potential for recovery. Finally, the incorporation of reversibility into risk assessments is discussed. RP CLEGG, ED (reprint author), US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.3109/08958379509012796 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800005 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, MK AF SELGRADE, MK TI IMMUNOTOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT - EFFECT OF TEMPORAL FACTORS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MICE; SUPPRESSION; IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; EXPOSURE AB The immune system is composed of cells collectively best known as leukocytes. They are derived from bone marrow and are widely distributed throughout the body, which they defend against infections and certain tumors. Immune cells may also react to relatively innocuous foreign substances or against ''self'' components resulting in allergic or autoimmune disease, respectively. There is evidence that various chemicals can act as either immunosuppressants, allergens, or inducers of autoimmunity. A number of immune function tests have been developed to identify chemicals with immunosuppressive potential. However, immune suppression only poses a hazard in the presence of infectious agents or tumor cells. Temporal relationships between exposure to a compound and exposure to these agents have an impact on the risk associated with immune suppression. Three examples from animal research are presented to illustrate how temporal factors may affect the risk of infection: (1) effects of immunosuppressants on natural killer cell activity and susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus infection; (2) effects of phosgene on alveolar macrophage phagocytic function and susceptibility to Streptococcus zooepidemicus infection in mice and rats; and (3) effects of ultraviolet radiation on delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and susceptibility to Leishmania major and mycobacterial infections. RP SELGRADE, MK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 92,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 891 EP 901 DI 10.3109/08958379509012797 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800006 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S AF PADILLA, S TI THE NEUROTOXICITY OF CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING INSECTICIDES - PAST AND PRESENT EVIDENCE DEMONSTRATING PERSISTENT EFFECTS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROPATHY AB It is assumed that the primary mechanism of action of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides is the inhibition of an enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). This enzyme normally maintains the proper level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous systems. When AChE activity is depressed due to exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides, the ordinarily rapid breakdown of acetylcholine is retarded, causing overstimulation of target cells, which, under extreme conditions, is termed a ''cholinergic crisis.'' At the present time, these indicators of acute intoxication, that is, cholinesterase inhibition and/or clinical signs of cholinergic overstimulation, are used in the risk assessment process to regulate cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides. There is, however, accumulating evidence both from epidemiological studies and from experimental laboratory studies that short-term exposure to some cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides may precipitate long-term adverse effects. Recent experimental studies in our laboratory and in others have demonstrated that a single or short-term exposure to some cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides may produce behavioral or neurochemical changes lasting for days or months, presumably outlasting the cholinesterase inhibition. This body of amassing evidence should alert those in the scientific and regulatory arenas as to the multifaceted nature of the toxicity profile of cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 903 EP 907 DI 10.3109/08958379509012798 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800007 ER PT J AU JARABEK, AM AF JARABEK, AM TI CONSIDERATION OF TEMPORAL TOXICITY CHALLENGES CURRENT DEFAULT ASSUMPTIONS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID PHARMACOKINETICS; DICHLOROMETHANE AB According to the 1983 NAS paradigm that serves as the Oasis for current health risk assessment procedures, risk characterization requires the comparison of an exposure estimate against a dose-response estimate. The types of exposure scenarios required under various regulations can be categorized as acute, subchronic, and chronic. Toxicity testing studies can also be so categorized, but such categories are defined Dy the exposure duration and not the underlying mechanism of action or its appropriate dose metric. Considerations of underlying mechanisms and temporal relationships of toxicity challenge current default assumptions and extrapolation approaches for derivation of dose-response estimates. This article discusses the duration adjustments used in current health risk assessment procedures and highlights the attendant assumptions. Comprehensive dosimetry model structures integrate mechanistic and temporal determinants of the exposure-dose-response continuum. Analysis of dosimetry model structures is proposed as a way to identity key parameters for development of alternative default duration adjustment procedures. RP JARABEK, AM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF MD52,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 927 EP 946 DI 10.3109/08958379509012801 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800010 ER PT J AU MAHAFFEY, KR AF MAHAFFEY, KR TI TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAD SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; CINCINNATI LEAD; SCHOOL ENTRY; EXPOSURE; COHORT; AGE; INTELLIGENCE AB Temporal factors are an integral part of the components of the risk assessment: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure estimation. Critical elements of risk characterization include expressions of uncertainty and variability in the data base describing toxicity, dose-response, and exposures to lead. Over the past two decades our understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of lead has resulted in progressively lower quantities of lead being of concern. An increased level of certainty has developed over the past ten years on the nature of the adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of lead exposure. Dose-response evaluation and accompanying risk characterization have been expressed by a number of organizations (e.g., a series of statements by public health authorities describing tolerable blood lead concentrations for children and adults, which have been lowered over time). Blood lead concentrations of concern for young children have decreased over time from greater than or equal to 40 mu g/dL to, greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL. Expression of the hazard of lead to the nervous system is dependent upon the developmental period in which lead exposure occurs. Based on available data, lead exposures in utero are considered a far greater hazard to the nervous system than are lead exposures that occur later in development. Over the past two decades lead exposures have decreased markedly, reflecting virtual elimination of lead solder from food processing and phase-out of leaded fuel additives from gasoline. Lead-based paints in housing remain the major source of lead for young children in the United States. Greater clarification of the rime period needed to assess lead exposures associated with adverse neurobehavioral effects is a current goal of risk characterization. RP MAHAFFEY, KR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RISK CHARACTERIZAT TEAM,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1029 DI 10.3109/08958379509012807 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800016 ER PT J AU PEIRANO, WB MATTIE, DR SMITH, PM AF PEIRANO, WB MATTIE, DR SMITH, PM TI SUMMARY OF THE CONFERENCE ON TEMPORAL ASPECTS IN RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NONCANCER END-POINTS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV TOXICOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,TOXIC HAZARD RES UNIT,DAYTON,OH. RP PEIRANO, WB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP R5 EP R7 DI 10.3109/08958379509012792 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800001 ER PT J AU KRASNER, SW WESTRICK, JJ REGLI, S AF KRASNER, SW WESTRICK, JJ REGLI, S TI BENCH AND PILOT TESTING UNDER THE ICR SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Information Collection Rule (ICR) will require surface water systems serving greater than or equal to 100,000 people with raw-water total organic carbon (TOC) levels of >4.0 mg/L and groundwater systems serving greater than or equal to 50,000 people with finished-water TOC levels of >2.0 mg/L to conduct bench or pilot studies of granular activated carbon or membranes for the control of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors. The US Environmental Protection Agency has developed and is considering an approach to ensure that adequate data are obtained and that the resources for performing these studies are appropriately distributed. Also, the AWWA Disinfectants/DBP Technical Advisory Workgroup has developed a database on the geographic and temporal distribution of TOC in the United States. C1 US EPA,WATER SUPPLU TECHNOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP KRASNER, SW (reprint author), METROPOLITAN WATER DIST SO CALIF,DIV WATER QUAL,700 MORENO AVE,LA VERNE,CA 91750, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 8 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA TA698 UT WOS:A1995TA69800013 ER PT J AU ZHAO, CQ ANIS, NA ROGERS, KR KLINE, RH WRIGHT, J ELDEFRAWI, AT ELDEFRAWI, ME AF ZHAO, CQ ANIS, NA ROGERS, KR KLINE, RH WRIGHT, J ELDEFRAWI, AT ELDEFRAWI, ME TI FIBER OPTIC IMMUNOSENSOR FOR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; DETECTION; BIOSENSORS; IMMUNE DETECTION; POLYCHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; INSECTICIDES ID CONGENER-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS; RAPID DETECTION; BIOSENSOR; MILK; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; EXPOSURE; SENSOR; BLOOD; PCBS AB A fiber optic immunosensor, consisting of a quartz fiber coated with partially purified polyclonal anti-PCB antibodies (Abs), was used to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The optical signal was generated by the binding and subsequent fluorescence of the fluorescein (FL) conjugate of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxybutyrate (TCPB) to the Ab-coated fiber. The Abs, immobilized on the fiber, bound TCPB-FL with high affinity, saturably and reversibly. TCPB and PCBs competed with TCPB-FL for binding and decreased fluorescence in a concentration-dependent manner, with a detection limit of 10 ppb TCPB. The biosensor detected 1 ppm Aroclors, but not polychlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated phenols, or trichlorobenzene. It was more selective for TCPB at 1 ppm than the four tested Aroclors (i.e. 1016, 1232, 1250, and 1262) by 1.4-, 2.2-, 5.5-, and 3-fold, respectively, It detected Aroclor 1242 added to river waters and standard reference soil samples with reasonable accuracy. Advantages of this biosensor are its fast detection time (seconds to minutes), high sensitivity, and reversibility. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2308 EP 2315 DI 10.1021/jf00056a064 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200064 ER PT J AU BRONSTEIN, DM HONG, JS AF BRONSTEIN, DM HONG, JS TI EFFECTS OF SULPIRIDE AND SCH-23390 ON METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN BODY-TEMPERATURE AND LETHALITY SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; DOPAMINE RELEASE; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; AMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; RATS; SCH-23390; D-1; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; NEUROLEPTICS AB Data from human and animal studies suggest that hyperpyrexia contributes to both the neurotoxic and the lethal effects of stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine (METH). Because many of the effects of METH involve the release of dopamine from CNS neurons, we examined the effects of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor antagonists on METH-induced lethality and determined whether these effects correlated with changes in body temperature. In the first set of experiments, we found that the D-2 antagonist sulpiride (SUL; 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg) potentiated the lethality caused by a single injection of METH (10 mg/kg). Pretreatment with the D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 (SCH; 0.5 mg/kg) reduced the lethality induced by METH alone or by SUL/METH. Other D-2 or 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists prevented, rather than potentiated, METH-induced lethality. In a second set of experiments, rectal temperatures were recorded in METH-injected animals pretreated with SCH or SUL. METH caused a significant increase (i.e., above vehicle-injected levels) in body temperature at 2.5 hr after injection. The effects of SCH or SUL pretreatment on METH-induced changes in body temperature suggest that the lethality-potentiating and -protective effects of SUL and SCH, respectively, were not due to altered thermoregulatory responses. These data support the idea that D-1 receptor activation is an important event in the lethality caused by METH and that SUL may potentiate D-1 receptor activation by augmenting METH-induced DA release. C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,MOLEC & INTEGRAT NEUROSCI LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 274 IS 2 BP 943 EP 950 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RN983 UT WOS:A1995RN98300049 PM 7636758 ER PT J AU MILLER, WL KING, DW LIN, J KESTER, DR AF MILLER, WL KING, DW LIN, J KESTER, DR TI PHOTOCHEMICAL REDOX CYCLING OF IRON IN COASTAL SEAWATER SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; FERROUS IRON; AQUEOUS PHOTOLYSIS; OXIDATION-KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; FE(II); REDUCTION; OXIDE; PH AB Reduced iron, Fe(II), and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, were measured in numerous laboratory solar simulation experiments. Under constant irradiation of freshly collected, 0.2 mu m filtered water from Narragansett Bay (NBSW), H2O2 accumulates in a linear fashion for at least 2 h at rates from 30 to 59 nM h(-1). Our measurements of Fe(II) accumulation in this study provide some of the first direct measurements of photochemical iron reduction in natural seawater at pH 8 in a controlled laboratory setting. At ambient pH, the peak concentration of Fe(II) ranged from 4 to 8% of the total iron concentration. Lowering the pH resulted in increased Fe(II) concentrations over the entire course of the experiment. Measured H2O2 accumulation, published iron oxide solubility products, and published reaction rates for iron oxidation and reduction by oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radicals were used to develop a kinetic model which accounts for the general magnitude and timing of Fe(II) concentration variations observed in our experiments. Our model shows that measured steady state Fe(II) concentrations in irradiated seawater are controlled largely by pH dependent oxidation by oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and by both oxidation and reduction of iron by photochemically produced superoxide. C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30605. COLBY COLL,DEPT CHEM,WATERVILLE,ME 04901. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT CHEM,KINGSTON,RI 02882. RP MILLER, WL (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 69 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00027-O PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA RV934 UT WOS:A1995RV93400007 ER PT J AU BURGESS, RM HO, KT TAGLIABUE, MD KUHN, A COMELEO, R COMELEO, P MODICA, G MORRISON, GE AF BURGESS, RM HO, KT TAGLIABUE, MD KUHN, A COMELEO, R COMELEO, P MODICA, G MORRISON, GE TI TOXICITY CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL AND A MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGING TO THE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LOWER FOX RIVER; GREEN BAY; IDENTIFICATION; AMMONIA; SURFACTANTS; TOXICANTS; TESTS; WISCONSIN; DIAZINON; WATERS AB Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) methods have proven very useful in characterizing, identifying and confirming toxicants in environmental samples. This report describes the characterization of toxicants present in two effluents, industrial and municipal, discharged into the marine environment. A toxicity characterization consists of dividing an effluent sample into several relatively unique chemical fractions. Manipulations used to generate these fractions include aeration, filtration, chelation, oxidant reduction, reverse phase chromatography, and graduated pH adjustments. Marine toxicity tests used include mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), fish (Menidia beryllina and Cyprinodon variegatus), macroalga (Champia parvula) and sea urchins (Arbacia punctulata). Results of this TIE demonstrated that both effluents contained toxicity predominantly due to metals and organic contaminants, Ammonia toxicity in the municipal effluent was sample dependent. This study illustrates that the use of marine toxicity tests, TIE procedures and historical data can be combined to better understand the nature of toxicity discharged to the marine environment. RP US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, 27 TARZWELL DR, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 8 BP 524 EP 535 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)00242-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RR110 UT WOS:A1995RR11000007 ER PT J AU GIUSTINA, A GASTALDI, C BUGARI, G CHIESA, L LODA, G TIRONI, C NEGROVILAR, A AF GIUSTINA, A GASTALDI, C BUGARI, G CHIESA, L LODA, G TIRONI, C NEGROVILAR, A TI ROLE OF GALANIN IN THE REGULATION OF SOMATOTROPE AND GONADOTROPE FUNCTION IN YOUNG OVULATORY WOMEN SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; MEDIAN-EMINENCE; MALE-RAT; INVOLVEMENT; AMENORRHEA; INDUCTION; INVITRO; NEURONS AB The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of the neuropeptide galanin in the regulation of somatotropic and gonadotropic function in normal women. Thirteen normally ovulating (aged 28 to 40 years), non-obese (body mass index, 18.4 to 27.1 kg/m(2)) women with infertility due to a tubal or male factor were studied. Each woman underwent three tests: (1) bolus intravenous (IV) injection of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) (1-29)NH2 1 mu g/kg plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 100 mu g at time 0; (2) IV infusion of porcine galanin 500 mu g in 100 mt saline from -10 minutes; and (3) bolus IV injection of GHRH(1-29)NH2 1 mu g/kg plus GnRH 100 mu g at time 0 plus IV infusion of porcine galanin 500 mu g in 100 mt saline from -10 to +30 minutes. All results are expressed as the mean +/- SEM. GH peak after GHRH was 14 +/- 5 mu g/L; porcine galanin significantly increased serum GH (GH peak, 7.3 +/- 1.2) with respect to baseline levels. No significant differences were observed between either GH peak or GH absolute values after galanin as compared with GHRH alone. Porcine galanin significantly enhanced GH response to GHRH (peak, 31.4 +/- 4.4 mu g/L) with respect to either GHRH or galanin alone. Luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peaks after GnRH were 16.5 +/- 5.3 and 17.4 +/- 4 IU/L, respectively. Porcine galanin did not cause significant increases in serum LH and FSH levels with respect to baseline. Galanin coadministration slightly increased LH (peak, 25 +/- 6.9 IU/L) but not FSH (peak, 17.1 +/- 3.2) maximal responses to GnRH. In conclusion, galanin plays a significant role in the regulation of GH secretion in women, as well as in men. Moreover, this report suggests a minor role of galanin in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in women. Copyright (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 UNIV BRESCIA,DEPT INTERNAL MED,BRESCIA,ITALY. UNIV BRESCIA,DEPT GYNECOL,BRESCIA,ITALY. UNIV BRESCIA,DEPT CHEM,BRESCIA,ITALY. NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1028 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90100-0 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN070 UT WOS:A1995RN07000011 PM 7543651 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP TI THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE, STRESS, AND OTHER FACTORS IN THE NEUROTOXICITY OF THE SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE AND FENFLURAMINE SO MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs of Abuse - Cocaine and Methamphetamine, at 14th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-20, 1993 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Int Soc Neurochem, Portuguese Minist Hlth, PROJECTO VIDA Portugal, Med Sch Porto, Portural, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, US FDA DE AMPS; D-MDMA; D-FEN; GFAP; STRESS; MK-801; DOPAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; STRIATUM; TEMPERATURE ID LONG-LASTING DEPLETIONS; RAT-BRAIN; UPTAKE SITES; MICE; METHAMPHETAMINE; SEROTONIN; MDMA; PROTEIN; METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; QUANTIFICATION AB Amphetamines (AMPs) can cause long-term depletions in striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), and these decrements are often accepted as prima facie evidence of AMP-induced damage to the dopaminergic and serotonergic projections to striatum. Rarely are indices linked to neural damage used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of the AMPs. Here, we determined the potential neurotoxic effects of two substituted AMPs, d-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA) and d-fenfluramine (d-FEN) in group-housed female C57BL6/J mice. Astrogliosis, assessed by quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was the main indicator of d-MDMA-induced neural damage. Assays of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA, and 5-HT were used to determine effects on DA and 5-HT systems. Since AMPs are noted for both their stimulatory and hyperthermia-inducing properties, activity, as well as core temperature, was monitored in several experiments. To extend the generality of our findings, these same end points were examined in singly housed female C57BL6/J mice and in group-housed male C57BL6/J or female B6C3F1 mice after treatment with d-MDMA. Mice received either d-MDMA (20 mg/kg) (singly housed mice received dosages of 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg) or d-FEN (25 mg/kg) every 2 h for a total of four sc injections. d-MDMA caused hyperthermia, whereas d-FEN induced hypothermia. d-MDMA cause a large (300%) increase in striatal GFAP that resolved by 3 wk and a 50-75% decrease in TH and DA that was still apparent at 3 wk, d-FEN did not affect any parameters in striatum. d-MDMA is a striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicant in both male and female C57BL6/mice, as evidenced by astrogliosis and depletions of DA in this area in both sexes. The greater lethality to males suggests they may be more sensitive, at least to the general toxicity of d-MDMA, than females. d-MDMA (20 mg/kg) induced the same degree of damage whether mice were housed singly or in groups. Higher dosages in singly housed mice induced greater lethality, but not greater neurotoxicity. d-MDMA was also effective in inducing striatal damage in mice of the B6C3F1 strain. Significant increases in activity were induced by d-MDMA, and these increases were not blocked by pretreatment with MK-801, despite the profound lowering of body temperature induced by this combination. A lowering of body temperature, whether by a 15 degrees C ambient temperature (approx 2 degrees C drop), pretreatment with MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg prior to the first and third d-MDMA injections; approx 5-6 degrees C drop) or restraint (approx 5-6 degrees C drop), was effective in blocking the neurotoxicity of d-MDMA in both C57BL6/J and B6C3F1. The stimulatory effects of d-MDMA appeared to have little impact on the neurotoxicity induced by d-MDMA or the protection conferred by MK-801. These data suggest that in the mouse, the neurotoxic effects of d-MDMA, and most likely other AMPs, are linked to an effect on body temperature. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 41 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0893-7648 J9 MOL NEUROBIOL JI Mol. Neurobiol. PD AUG-DEC PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1007/BF02740694 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TA780 UT WOS:A1995TA78000016 PM 8561961 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MS SETZER, RW DEMARINI, DM AF TAYLOR, MS SETZER, RW DEMARINI, DM TI EXAMINATION OF THE ADDITIVITY ASSUMPTION USING THE SPIRAL AND STANDARD SALMONELLA ASSAYS TO EVALUATE BINARY COMBINATIONS OF MUTAGENS SO MUTATION RESEARCH-ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS AND RELATED SUBJECTS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; TYPHIMURIUM; MIXTURES; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; INCINERATOR; EXTRACTS; ACID AB Binary combinations of pure chemicals and complex mixtures were evaluated for their ability to produce additive mutagenicity responses in the spiral and standard Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Single chemicals were selected that were representative of the primary chemical class responsible for much of the mutagenic activity of each complex: mixture. The following agents were evaluated in the absence of S9: 1-nitropyrene, diesel exhaust extract, and the chlorinated drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2-[5H]-furanone (MX). In the presence of S9, the following agents were evaluated: 4-aminobiphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, and an organic extract from the particulate emissions resulting from the combustion of polyethylene in a rotary kiln incinerator. Binary combinations of the agents within each S9 group were tested. The results were analyzed for additivity by determining whether the difference between the expected response of the binary mixture was significantly different from the observed response. In general, the combinations of mutagens produced additive responses at low doses in both assays. However, at high doses, the results generally departed from additivity, especially for combinations of indirect-acting mutagens. A requirement for exogenous metabolic activation imposes conditions, such as different S9 optima for each mutagen, that complicate the application of the additivity assumption to binary combinations of indirect-acting mutagens. Although the two bioassays generally gave similar results for each binary combination of mutagens, the spiral assay permitted a gradient of mutagen and/or S9 concentrations to be evaluated, and it allowed the mutagens to be evaluated in the absence of solvents, eliminating any potential solvent-mutagen interactions. These features of the spiral assay may be advantageous when studying chemical interactions. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1161 J9 MUTAT RES-ENVIR MUTA JI Mutat. Res.-Environ. Mutagen. Rel. Subj. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 335 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(95)90058-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity GA RH110 UT WOS:A1995RH11000001 PM 7616983 ER PT J AU WATERS, MD NOLAN, C AF WATERS, MD NOLAN, C TI EC/US WORKSHOP REPORT - ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE, ACRYLAMIDE, 1,3-BUTADIENE AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE EC/US WORKSHOP; ETHYLENE OXIDE; ACRYLAMIDE; 1,3-BUTADIENE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ID INDUCTION; MOUSE AB The EC/US Workshop on Risk Assessment: 'Human Genetic Risks from Exposure to Chemicals, Focusing on the Feasibility of a Parallelogram Approach' had as its main objective the icentification of the methodology, data requirements and mechanistic research to understand the human health impact of germ cell mutagens. Specifically, it represented an evaluation of current knowledge and the identification of future research needs for a more precise assessment of human genetic risks from exposure to mutagenic chemicals. Four chemicals were selected for review at the Workshop and in this Special Issue: ethylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, acrylamide, and cyclophosphamide. The first three are important industrial chemicals with substantial use worldwide and, therefore, considerable potential for human exposure. The fourth, cyclophosphamide, is a commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. This Special Issue contains the major scientific reports from the workshop. These include four Introductory Papers (on the parallelogram concept, alternative genetic risk assessment approaches, regulatory data needs, and the research background for risk assessment of ethylene oxide), four Working Group Reports on the specific compounds mentioned above and, finally, three Crosscutting Papers pertinent to the issue of germ-line mutagenesis and genetic risk estimation. C1 COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,DIRECTORATE GEN XII,B-1049 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP WATERS, MD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-51A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00031-D PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RM858 UT WOS:A1995RM85800001 PM 7623860 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL AF DEARFIELD, KL TI INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY APPROACHES FOR HERITABLE GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK COMMUNICATION SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EC/US Workshop on Risk Assessment - Human Genetic Risks from Exposure to Chemicals, Focusing on the Feasibility of a Parallelogram Approach CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL DURHAM, NC DE HERITABLE GENETIC RISK; RISK COMMUNICATION ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; MUTATIONS; TRANSLOCATIONS; MICE AB With the evolution of genetic toxicology as a scientific discipline and the formation of the Environmental Mutagen Society (EMS), much thought was given to the study of chemicals in the human environment for their mutagenic effects. The Society's goal was to promote scientific investigation and dissemination of information related to genetic toxicology. Subsequently, the concern for chemically induced genetic damage in human germ cells and its potential impact on genetic diseases was detailed in the Committee 17 Report (1975). With new information on the involvement of genetic alterations in disease and on the ramifications of possible effects of exposures to environmental mutagens, it is becoming increasingly necessary to again focus our attention on the assessment of heritable genetic effects. Clearly, strategies for communication of genetic hazard/risk assessments to exposed individuals and to those charged with regulating environmental agents need to be developed. RP DEARFIELD, KL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00034-G PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RM858 UT WOS:A1995RM85800004 PM 7623869 ER PT J AU NATARAJAN, AT PRESTON, RJ DELLARCO, V EHRENBERG, L GENEROSO, W LEWIS, S TATES, AD AF NATARAJAN, AT PRESTON, RJ DELLARCO, V EHRENBERG, L GENEROSO, W LEWIS, S TATES, AD TI ETHYLENE-OXIDE - EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY DATA AND AN EXPLORATORY ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC RISK SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EC/US Workshop on Risk Assessment - Human Genetic Risks from Exposure to Chemicals, Focusing on the Feasibility of a Parallelogram Approach CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL DURHAM, NC DE ETHYLENE OXIDE; DOMINANT HERITABLE EFFECT; GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT ID PROPYLENE-OXIDE; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; RATS; MICE; MUTATIONS; ADDUCTS; CELLS; LOCUS; LYMPHOCYTES AB A risk estimate of the heritable effects of ethylene oxide exposure, using the parallelogram approach, as suggested by Frits Sobels, is described. The approach is based on available data on the ethylene oxide-induced responses for the same genetic endpoint in somatic cells of both laboratory animals and humans, and for germ cell mutations in the same laboratory animal. Human germ cell effects are estimated. The available data sets for this approach were evaluated. We consider this as complementary to the genetic risk assessment carried out by U.S. EPA scientists, in which the risk from heritable (reciprocal) translocations induced by ethylene oxide was estimated. In the present study we restricted our assessment to dominant mutations. The sensitivity factor relating mouse to man was based on ethylene oxide-induced HPRT mutant frequencies in lymphocytes in vivo. From this comparison, it could be concluded that occupational exposure for 1 year to 1 ppm ethylene oxide would lead to a risk of a dominantly inherited disease in the offspring of 4 x 10(-4) above the background level. The uncertainty interval of this figure is quite large (0.6-28)x 10(-4). The values are compatible with the existing estimates of the corresponding risk from exposure to low LET radiation when the genotoxic potency ratio of ethylene oxide and radiation is considered. This risk estimation approach has allowed us to identify additional data that are required for a more complete risk estimation of the heritable effects of ethylene oxide, or indeed any mutagenic chemical. C1 CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,DEPT MOLEC & CELLULAR TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT RADIOBIOL,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP NATARAJAN, AT (reprint author), LEIDEN STATE UNIV,DEPT RADIAT GENET & CHEM MUTAGENESIS,WASSENAARSEWEG 72,2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00036-I PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RM858 UT WOS:A1995RM85800006 PM 7623871 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL DOUGLAS, GR EHLING, UH MOORE, MM SEGA, GA BRUSICK, DJ AF DEARFIELD, KL DOUGLAS, GR EHLING, UH MOORE, MM SEGA, GA BRUSICK, DJ TI ACRYLAMIDE - A REVIEW OF ITS GENOTOXICITY AND AN ASSESSMENT OF HERITABLE GENETIC RISK SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EC/US Workshop on Risk Assessment - Human Genetic Risks from Exposure to Chemicals, Focusing on the Feasibility of a Parallelogram Approach CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL DURHAM, NC DE ACRYLAMIDE; GENETIC RISK ID EPOXIDE METABOLITE GLYCIDAMIDE; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCT FORMATION; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; GERM-CELLS; MALE-MICE; BONE-MARROW; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; LOCUS MUTATIONS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE AB An updated review of the genotoxicity studies with acrylamide is provided. Then, using data from the studies generating quantitative information concerning heritability of genetic effects, an assessment of the heritable genetic risk presented by acrylamide is presented. The review offers a discussion of the reactions and possible mechanisms of genotoxic action by acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide. Several genetic risk approaches are discussed, including the parallelogram, direct (actually a modified direct), and doubling dose approaches. Using data from the specific-locus and heritable translocation assays, the modified direct and doubling dose approaches are utilized to quantitate genetic risk. Exposures of male parents to acrylamide via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes are also quantitated. With these approaches and measurements and their underlying assumptions concerning extrapolation factors (including germ cell stage specificity, DNA repair variability, locus specificity), number of human loci associated with dominant disease alleles, and spontaneous mutation rates, an assessment of heritable genetic risk for humans is calculated for the three exposure scenarios. The calculated estimates for offspring from fathers exposed to acrylamide via drinking water are up to three offspring potentially affected with induced genetic disease per 10(8) offspring. Estimates for inhalation or dermal exposures suggest higher risks for induced genetic disease in offspring from fathers exposed in occupational settings. C1 HLTH CANADA,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. GSF MUNICH,GSF FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM UNWELT & GESUNDHEIT,INST SAUGETIERGENET,NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. HAZLETON WASHINGTON INC,VIENNA,VA. RP DEARFIELD, KL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 86 TC 184 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00037-J PG 29 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RM858 UT WOS:A1995RM85800007 PM 7623872 ER PT J AU ALLEN, JW EHLING, UH MOORE, MM LEWIS, SE AF ALLEN, JW EHLING, UH MOORE, MM LEWIS, SE TI GERM-LINE SPECIFIC FACTORS IN CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EC/US Workshop on Risk Assessment - Human Genetic Risks from Exposure to Chemicals, Focusing on the Feasibility of a Parallelogram Approach CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL DURHAM, NC DE MUTAGEN SENSITIVITY; GERM-LINE SPECIFICITY; SERTOLI CELL BARRIER; DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION ID DOMINANT-LETHAL MUTATIONS; SPERMATOGONIAL STEM-CELLS; LOCUS MUTATIONS; MALE-MICE; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX; MEIOTIC PROPHASE; DNA METHYLATION; FEMALE MICE; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; REDUCED RECOMBINATION AB Chemical mutagenesis test results have not revealed evidence of germ line specific mutagens. However, conventional assays have indicated that there are male-female differences in mutagenic response, as well as quantitative/qualitative differences in induced mutations which depend upon the particular cell stage exposed. Many factors inherent in the germ line can be speculated to influence chemical transport to, and interaction with, target cell populations to result in mutagenic outcomes. The level of uncertainty regarding the general operation of such factors, in combination with the limited availability of chemical test data designed to address comparative somatic and germ cell mutagenesis, leaves open the question of whether there are mutagens specifically affecting germ cells. This argues for a conservative approach to interpreting germ cell risk from somatic cell mutation analysis. C1 GESELL STRAHLEN & UMWELTFORSCH MBH,INST SAUGETIERGENET,W-8042 NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ALLEN, JW (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 104 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00042-H PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RM858 UT WOS:A1995RM85800012 PM 7623867 ER PT J AU ZALESKA, B CIEZ, D WINNIK, W CHACZATRIAN, K AF ZALESKA, B CIEZ, D WINNIK, W CHACZATRIAN, K TI SYNTHESIS OF 5-SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLIDINE-4-ONE DERIVATIVES SO PHARMAZIE LA English DT Article AB Several thiazolidine-4-one derivatives are known for their pharmacological activities. The paper describes a novel synthesis of some 5-substituted derivatives from this heterocyclic system. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP ZALESKA, B (reprint author), JAGIELLONIAN UNIV,DEPT ORGAN CHEM,INGARDENA 3,PL-30060 KRAKOW,POLAND. RI Khachatryan, Karen/C-4688-2014 OI Khachatryan, Karen/0000-0001-7823-5406 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU GOVI-VERLAG GMBH PI ESCHBORN PA PHARMAZEUTISCHER VERLAG GINNHEIMER STRASSE 26, D-65760 ESCHBORN, GERMANY SN 0031-7144 J9 PHARMAZIE JI Pharmazie PD AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 8 BP 537 EP 540 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA RT815 UT WOS:A1995RT81500006 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA AF Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA TI A rigorous test for SPARC's chemical reactivity models: Estimation of more than 4300 ionization pK(a)s SO QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article DE chemical reactivity parameters; Ionization equilibrium constant; pK(a); Microscopic ionization constants; Zwitterionic equilibria; Isoelectric points; Speciation; pH; SPARC; SAR ID PKA VALUES; ACIDS AB Ionization pK(a)s for a large set of molecules were calculated using reactivity models developed in the computer program SPARC. SPARC uses relatively simple computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate ionization pK(a)s of organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. Molecular structures are broken at each essential single bond into functional units with intrinsic properties. Reaction centers (acid or base) are identified and the impact of appended molecular structure on ionization pK(a) is quantified by perturbation theory. Resonance, electrostatic, solvation and H-bonding models have been developed and tested on 4338 pK(a)s for 3685 compounds. The RMS deviation for the acids and the amino reaction center was 0.36 pK(a) units whereas that for the in-ring N and = N reaction centers was 0.41. Microscopic ionization constants, zwitterionic constants, isoelectric points, and molecular speciation as a function of pH can be calculated using the SPARC models. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 211 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 21 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0931-8771 J9 QUANT STRUCT-ACT REL JI Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1002/qsar.19950140405 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TW757 UT WOS:A1995TW75700004 ER PT J AU VATER, ST VELAZQUEZ, SF COGLIANO, VJ AF VATER, ST VELAZQUEZ, SF COGLIANO, VJ TI A CASE-STUDY OF CANCER DATA SET COMBINATIONS FOR PCBS SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; INDUCTION AB Results of several animal bioassays have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures. Although PCBs are no longer manufactured, cancer risk assessment for PCBs remains an important issue because of continued potential human exposure from many sources. The existing cancer risk estimate for PCBs used by the U.S. EPA is based on liver tumors observed in female Sprague-Dawley rats in a lifetime bioassay. Liver cancer has been observed in other long-term bioassays as well. In this case study, experimental designs and biological characteristics of the data from these studies were evaluated to determine whether a combination of the data sets is scientifically reasonable. A statistical analysis of the data sets based on likelihood ratio theory was used to assess the compatibility of individual data sets to a common multistage dose-response model. The results from these biological and statistical assessments suggest that at least two data sets could be combined to derive a quantitative risk estimate for PCBs. Increased confidence in the quantitative estimate would result from such combination because more data are being used to assess the dose-response relationship. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. SYRACUSE RES CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1006/rtph.1995.1062 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RQ584 UT WOS:A1995RQ58400002 PM 7494898 ER PT J AU RAO, HV BELILES, RP WHITFORD, GM TURNER, CH AF RAO, HV BELILES, RP WHITFORD, GM TURNER, CH TI A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR FLUORIDE UPTAKE BY BONE SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEEKING ELEMENTS; HIP FRACTURE; LEAD DISPOSITION; SKELETAL; KINETICS; RATS; METABOLISM; HUMANS; GROWTH AB A sex-specific, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (pbpk) model has been developed to describe the absorption, distribution, and elimination of fluorides in rats and humans. Growth curves generated by plotting mean body weights (kg) against age (weeks or years) are included in the simulation model to allow the integration of chronic fluoride exposure from birth to old age. The model incorporates age and body weight dependence of the physiological processes that control the uptake of fluoride by bone and the elimination of fluoride by the kidneys. Six compartments make up the model. These are lung, liver, kidney, bone, and slowly and rapidly perfused compartments. The model also includes two bone subcompartments: a small, flow-limited, rapidly exchangeable surface bone compartment and a bulk virtually nonexchangeable inner bone compartment. The inner bone compartment contains nearly all of the whole body content of fluoride, which, in the longer time frame, may be mobilized through the process of bone modeling and remodeling. The model has been validated by comparing the model predictions with experimental data gathered in rats and humans after drinking water and dietary ingestion of fluoride. This physiological model description of absorption, distribution, and elimination of fluoride from the body permits the analysis of the combined effect of ingesting and inhaling fluorides on the target organ, bone. Estimates of fluoride concentrations in bone are calculated and related to chronic fluoride toxicity. The model is thus useful for predicting some of the long-term metabolic features and tissue concentrations of fluoride that may be of value in understanding positive or negative effects of fluoride on human health. In addition, the pbpk model provides a basis for across-species extrapolation of the effective fluoride dose at the target tissue, bone, in the assessment of risk from different exposure conditions. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT ORAL BIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. INDIANA SCH MED,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. RP RAO, HV (reprint author), DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,150 WASHINGTON ST,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1006/rtph.1995.1065 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RQ584 UT WOS:A1995RQ58400005 PM 7494900 ER PT J AU OFLAHERTY, EJ NAU, H MCCANDLESS, D BELILES, RP SCHREINER, CM SCOTT, WJ AF OFLAHERTY, EJ NAU, H MCCANDLESS, D BELILES, RP SCHREINER, CM SCOTT, WJ TI PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETICS OF METHOXYACETIC ACID - DOSE-EFFECT CONSIDERATIONS IN C57BL/6 MICE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-PLACENTAL DISTRIBUTION; RAT EMBRYOS; DIMETHOXYETHYL PHTHALATE; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; TERATOGENICITY; DISPOSITION; INDUCTION; CULTURE; MOUSE AB Methoxyacetic acid (MAA), a weak acid with a pKa of 3.57, was used to test the broad hypothesis that distribution of weak acids in maternal and fetal tissues is determined principally by the pKa of the acid and the pH values of tissue and fluid compartments and to examine tissue dose-teratogenesis relationships, as well as administered dose-teratogenesis relationships. Five related experimental studies were conducted in pregnant C57BL/6CrlBR mice: a conventional dose-response study of developmental toxicity and transplacental pharmacokinetics in mice, a second dose-response study in which reproductive outcomes in litters from individual dams were related to individual pharmacokinetic behavior, a protein-binding experiment, an embryo tissue localization study, and determination of pH in maternal and embryonic compartments after exposure to MAA. MAA was administered intraperitoneally at 9:00 a.m. on day 10 of gestation, at doses ranging from 88 to 164 mg/kg. Localization within the forelimb bud of the embryo, an MAA target site, was determined by computerized image analysis of the distribution of radiolabeled MAA. The kinetic predictions of a physiologically based model incorporating tissue pH values and MAA pKa agreed well with observed concentrations at the lowest dose. However, at intermediate and higher doses, concentrations in both maternal and embryonic tissues were consistently underestimated. MAA was bound neither to maternal plasma proteins nor to embryonic proteins. Intermediate and higher doses of MAA caused dose-dependent transient depressions in tissue pH, but these were not of sufficient duration to bring predicted tissue concentrations into congruence with the concentrations observed. Distribution of MAA within the forelimb bud was broadly consistent with the pH hypothesis, but MAA concentration was not increased in the distal postaxial sector that is the site of the precursor cells of the missing digits. Internal exposure to MAA, defined as the area under the maternal plasma or embryo concentration curve (AUG), was not proportional to administered dose, but AUG-response relationships generated by the group and individual dose-response studies were comparable. While AUC may be a useful measure of effective MAA dose, it cannot be accurately predicted at teratogenic doses of this agent by the model as it is presently structured. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP RES FDN,DIV BASIC SCI RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST TOXIKOL & EMBRYOPHARMAKOL,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1002/tera.1420520204 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA TB553 UT WOS:A1995TB55300003 PM 8588185 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS AF GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS TI IN-UTERO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) ALTERS REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION IN FEMALE RAT OFFSPRING SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; BEHAVIOR; INUTERO; SPERMATOGENESIS; MICE AB Exposure to pesticides or toxic substances that disrupt the endocrine system during sex differentiation can permanently alter reproductive function and produce morphological pseudohermaphrodism. While some developmental toxicants affect either the male or the female, in utero exposure to 0.5 mu g TCDD/kg/day from Gestational Day (GD) 6 to GD 15 induces infertility in both sexes (K. S. Khera and J. A. Ruddick, Chlorodioxins-Origin and Fate, pp. 70-84, Am. Chem. Sec., Washington, DC, 1973), Although a number studies have focused on the effects of a single dose of TCDD on sex differentiation of the male rat and hamster, the reproductive alterations that account for female-mediated infertility after in utero exposure to TCDD have not been described. Hence, it was our objective to describe the anatomical and functional reproductive alterations in female progeny after gestational administration of TCDD. In the first experiment, LE Hooded rats were given a single dose of 1 mu g TCDD/kg by gavage on GD 8 (i.e., a period that includes major organogenesis) or GD 15 (i.e., a period prior to sex differentiation and a dosing regime that alters sex differentiation of the male LE rat). In a second experiment, Holtzman rats were dosed with TCDD at 1 mu g/kg on GD 15, to determine if the progeny of this strain displayed malformations of the external genitalia and vaginal orifice as did LE rats. TCDD-treated female LE offspring displayed a number of unusual reproductive alterations. In the GD 15 group, puberty was delayed, more than 65% of the female offspring displayed complete to partial clefting of the phallus, and 80% displayed a permanent ''thread'' of tissue across the opening of the vagina. In the GD 8 treatment group, 25% displayed partially cleft phallus and 14% had a vaginal thread. GD 15 TCDD administration also induced a high incidence of malformations in Holtzman female progeny (100% clefting and 83% with a vaginal thread). At necropsy ( > 550 days old), ovarian weight was significantly reduced by 23% in both rat strains. In the LE rat, vaginal and behavioral estrous cyclicity, estrous cycle-mediated running wheel activity, and female sexual behaviors at proestrus (darting and lordosis to mount ratios) were not affected by gestational GD 15 TCDD treatment. However, untreated stud males had difficulty attaining intromission and took longer to ejaculate and vaginal bleeding was displayed during mating by GD 15 TCDD-exposed female offspring. GD 8 TCDD-treated female offspring displayed enhanced incidences of constant estrus (CE) (47% CE in GD 8 versus 16% CE in the control and GD 15 groups at middle age) acid cystic endometrial hyperplasia. In addition, in the GD 8 group the fertility rate declined significantly faster than in controls (p < 0.02) and fecundity was reduced by 38% (p < 0.07). In condusion, administration of a single dose of 1 mu g TCDD/kg on GD 15 results in malformations of the external genitalia in female LE and Holtzman rats. While GD 15 treatment is generally more toxic than GD 8 to the offspring with respect to growth, viability, male reproductive effects (L. E. Gray, W. R. Kelce, E. Monosson, J. S. Ostby, and L. S. Birnbaum, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 131, 108-118, 1995) and malformations of the external genitalia in the female progeny, treatment on GD 8 is more effective in inducing functional reproductive alterations in female progeny. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DEV REPROD TOXICOL SECT,MD72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 165 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 133 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1153 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RQ717 UT WOS:A1995RQ71700014 PM 7645025 ER PT J AU ROGERS, KR WILLIAMS, LR AF ROGERS, KR WILLIAMS, LR TI BIOSENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING - A REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-PHASE AB Biosensors show the potential to complement laboratory-based analytical methods for environmental applications. Although biosensors for potential environmental-monitoring applications have been reported for a wide range of environmental pollutants, from a regulatory perspective the decision to develop a biosensor method for an environmental application should consider several interrelated issues. These issues are discussed in terms of the needs, policies, and mechanisms assocoated with the identification and selection of appropriate monitoring methods. RP ROGERS, KR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0165-9936(95)97054-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RL569 UT WOS:A1995RL56900002 ER PT J AU KESSLER, J SCHROEER, W AF KESSLER, J SCHROEER, W TI MEETING MOBILITY AND AIR-QUALITY GOALS - STRATEGIES THAT WORK SO TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Article DE QUALITY GOALS; SCANT GUIDANCE; TRANSIT AB Recent federal legislation sets tough air quality goals for the nation but offers scant guidance to urban areas responsible for meeting those goals. Traditionally, transportation-related air quality policy emphasized cleaner vehicle and fuels technologies and alternatives to single-occupant vehicle travel such as car-pooling and mass transit. Analysis suggests, however, that meeting air quality goals will require the addition of policies to manage the growing demand for transportation. The introduction of market forces into transportation supply and demand decisions would support traditional transportation and air quality strategies, and produce additional. mobility, air quality, and economic benefits. Recent transportation legislation offers states and localities the flexibility to meet mobility and air quality goals in an innovative, non-traditional manner. Drawing on theoretical analysis and recent empirical evidence we offer a package of measures for the consideration of state, and federal policy-makers. RP KESSLER, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-4488 J9 TRANSPORTATION JI Transportation PD AUG PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 241 EP 272 DI 10.1007/BF01099472 PG 32 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA RW845 UT WOS:A1995RW84500004 ER PT J AU WICKHAM, JD WADE, TG JONES, KB RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV AF WICKHAM, JD WADE, TG JONES, KB RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV TI DIVERSITY OF ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES OF THE UNITED-STATES SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION; GIS; ISOLINE MAPS; LATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL GRADIENTS; REMOTE SENSING; SCALE ID MONITORING BIODIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATTERNS; ENERGY AB Biodiversity, although recognized as encompassing several levels of biological organization, is often thought of as species diversity Three diversity estimates were calculated for the conterminous United States using satellite data acquired from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): land cover richness, vegetation richness, and vegetation clustering. Vegetation richness and vegetation clustering showed a scare-dependent relationship to elevation across the range of quadrat sizes from 500 to 50,000 mi(2). All diversity measures increased east to west, with a rather abrupt transition at the Colorado Front Range. The longitudinal diversity gradients found in this study are in contrast to the reported latitudinal and longitudinal gradients for species diversity. C1 DESERT RES INST,CTR BIOL SCI,RENO,NV 89512. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE PROGRAM,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD AUG PY 1995 VL 119 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF00045592 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA TA077 UT WOS:A1995TA07700001 ER PT J AU HUGHES, MF HALL, LL AF HUGHES, MF HALL, LL TI DISPOSITION OF PHENOL IN RAT AFTER ORAL, DERMAL, INTRAVENOUS, AND INTRATRACHEAL ADMINISTRATION SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; SKIN; HYDROQUINONE; METABOLISM; INVIVO; LIVER; FATE; PIG AB 1. The absorption and elimination of [C-14]-phenol (63.5 nmol) after oral, dermal, intratracheal, or intravenous administration in rat was rapid and extensive. Urinary elimination of radioactivity predominated, with a range of 75-95% of the dose detected in urine by 72 h post-exposure. 2. Washing the dermal site 72 h post-exposure removed 14% of the dose. Two per cent of the dose was detected in the skin. 3. The urinary metabolites at 4 and 8 h after administration by the four routes included phenyl sulphate and lower amounts of phenyl glucuronide. 4. Phenol was poorly retained in the body after administration by the four routes. Phenol remaining in the body was widely distributed, with accumulation primarily in the liver, lung, and kidney. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HUGHES, MF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 873 EP 883 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RW621 UT WOS:A1995RW62100008 PM 8779227 ER PT J AU JI, WC SIKDAR, SK HWANG, ST AF JI, WC SIKDAR, SK HWANG, ST TI SORPTION, DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION OF 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE THROUGH ADSORBENT-FILLED POLYMERIC MEMBRANES SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SORPTION; DIFFUSION; PERMEATION; VOLATILE ORGANICS; ADSORBENT-FILLED POLYMERIC MEMBRANES ID SILICONE-RUBBER MEMBRANES; ACTIVATED CARBON; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; PHASE ADSORPTION; PERVAPORATION; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; WATER AB Addition of hydrophobic adsorbents such as activated carbon into polymeric membranes increased the sorption capacity for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and the trichloroethane permeability of the membranes used in the pervaporation mode. Water permeability also increased for all filled membranes due to increased water sorption, The intrinsic separation factor for trichloroethane, however, increased only for membranes filled with activated carbon. It did not change for membranes filled with a carbonaceous adsorbent made by polymer pyrolysis, The solubility of trichloroethane in the filled membranes was measured directly by a ''purge and trap'' method, The trichloroethane diffusivities in the filled membranes were calculated from the solubility and permeation data or determined by desorption experiments. It was shown from these results that the enhancement in trichloroethane selectivity and permeability for the activated carbon-filled membrane was mainly due to the increase of trichloroethane solubility. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 31 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00007-Y PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA RM881 UT WOS:A1995RM88100005 ER PT J AU BRISTOW, MP BUNDY, DH WRIGHT, AG AF BRISTOW, MP BUNDY, DH WRIGHT, AG TI SIGNAL LINEARITY, GAIN STABILITY, AND GATING IN PHOTOMULTIPLIERS - APPLICATION TO DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDARS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of a study that identifies a photomultiplier tube (PMT), divider networks, and gating circuitry for use in the current detection mode, in which the specific objectives were to hold variations in both signal gain over a 25-mu s gate period and signal linearity up to 20 mA to less than +/-0.1%. The study, aimed at optimizing the performance in a nadir-looking airborne UV differential absorption lidar, is sufficiently general to apply to other critical gated or pulsed PMT applications in which performance at the 0.1% level is required. Signal-induced gain increases peculiar to pulsed or gated signals from PMT's with BeCu dynodes that can have values between 1 and 10% over 25 mu s were reduced to less than 0.1% by the use of a 2-in. (5.08-cm)-diameter PMT (EMI 9214) with CsSb dynodes. Compliance with the linearity requirement was achieved for gated signals up to 8 mA at a current gain of similar to 10(7) with the EMI 9214 PMT controlled by a resistive divider network with an inverted taper, in which the linearity data showed no tendency toward overlinearity caused by either space charge effects or induced divider-network voltage changes. C1 THORN EMI ELECTRON TUBES LTD,RUISLIP HA4 7TA,MIDDX,ENGLAND. RP BRISTOW, MP (reprint author), US EPA,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 21 BP 4437 EP 4452 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA RL129 UT WOS:A1995RL12900036 PM 21052278 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, UP COSTA, DL DREHER, KL CRISSMAN, K HATCH, GE AF KODAVANTI, UP COSTA, DL DREHER, KL CRISSMAN, K HATCH, GE TI OZONE-INDUCED TISSUE-INJURY AND CHANGES IN ANTIOXIDANT HOMEOSTASIS IN NORMAL AND ASCORBATE-DEFICIENT GUINEA-PIGS SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OZONE; LUNG; ASCORBATE DEFICIENCY; ANTIOXIDANTS; INFLAMMATION; GUINEA PIG ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HUMAN-PLASMA; URIC-ACID; VITAMIN-E; RAT LUNG; EXPOSURE AB It has been reported previously that ozone (O-3) toxicity from acute (4 hr) exposure is enhanced by ascorbate (AH(2)) deficiency in guinea pigs. We hypothesized that lung injury from continuous 1-week O-3 exposure would also be increased under conditions of AH(2) deficiency because of (1) a diminished antioxidant pool to counteract the oxidant challenge, (2) impaired reparation of tissue injury, and/or (3) altered antioxidant redox homeostasis. Female Hartley guinea pigs (260-330 g) were made AH(2) deficient by providing a diet similar to guinea pig chow, but having no AH(2). The dietary regimen was started 1 week prior to exposure and was continued during exposure to O-3 (0, 0 2, 0.4, or 0.8 ppm, 23 hr/day, 7 days) as well as 1 week post-exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tissue AH(2) were measured in subgroups at the beginning of exposure (1 week on the AH(2)-deficient diet), at its termination and 1 week post-exposure. AH(2) measured in ear tissue punches proved to be an easy and effective monitor for AH(2) deficiency. One week on the AH,-deficient diet caused a 70-80% drop in ear, lung and liver AH(2), while AH(2) in BAL was decreased by 90%. Immediately after the exposure, total BAL protein and albumin (markers of lung permeability) were increased (similar to 50%) at 0.8 ppm with no difference between the dietary groups. O-3 caused an increase in total BAL cells and neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner with only a slight augmentation due to diet. Exposure to O-3 caused an increase in lung and BAL AH(2) in normal guinea pigs. Glutathione and uric acid were also increased in the lung and BAL after O-3 exposure (40-570%) in both dietary groups, and the levels remained elevated during the recovery period. Lung alpha-tocopherol was not changed due to O-3. A significant overall diet-related decrease was seen in AH(2)-deficient guinea pigs, immediately after the exposure and recovery. In summary, lung injury/inflammation following 1 week O-3 exposure and recovery were minimally affected by AH(2) deficiency. Antioxidants also appeared to increase in response to O-3 exposure despite the deficiency in AH(2). C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP KODAVANTI, UP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LABS,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD 82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD JUL 17 PY 1995 VL 50 IS 2 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00122-G PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RL854 UT WOS:A1995RL85400014 PM 7632169 ER PT J AU GENTHNER, FJ MIDDAUGH, DP AF GENTHNER, FJ MIDDAUGH, DP TI NONTARGET TESTING OF AN INSECT CONTROL FUNGUS - EFFECTS OF METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE ON DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF THE INLAND SILVERSIDE FISH MENIDIA-BERYLLINA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE; MENIDIA BERYLLINA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL NONTARGET EFFECTS AB Developing embryos of the inland silverside fish Menidia beryllina were exposed to conidiospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Several adverse effects were observed in both embryos and newly hatched larvae. These included transitory effects on the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output or circulation velocity, rupture of the chorion, fungal growth on the mandibles of larvae, focal vertebral abnormalities in larvae and teratogenic expressions in embryos and larvae. An ordinal ranking system was used to enumerate responses to conidiospores. This ranking system allowed significance to be determined by nonparametric analysis of variance. Responses were highly variable with significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) adverse effects observed in 5 of the 6 experiments conducted. Heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects indicating that viable spores were required for the adverse effects. RP GENTHNER, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 13 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.3354/dao022163 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA RR305 UT WOS:A1995RR30500001 ER PT J AU OLIVER, LM FISHER, WS AF OLIVER, LM FISHER, WS TI COMPARATIVE FORM AND FUNCTION OF OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA HEMOCYTES FROM CHESAPEAKE BAY (VIRGINIA) AND APALACHICOLA BAY (FLORIDA) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE INVERTEBRATE IMMUNOLOGY; CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA; HEMOCYTES; PHAGOCYTOSIS ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS; AMERICAN OYSTER; PHAGOCYTOSIS; MORPHOLOGY; BIVALVIA AB Oysters Crassostrea virginica from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, and Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, were collected in March and October 1992 to investigate possible differences in defense-related hemocyte activities between individuals from geographically separate populations. In March, hemolymph drawn from Chesapeake Bay oysters contained an average of 1.08 x 10(6) hemocytes ml(-1) hemolymph, significantly lower than the average 1.63 x 10(6) hemocytes ml(-1) hemolymph obtained from Apalachicola Bay oysters. Hemocyte number did not differ significantly in the October comparison. At both times of year, Chesapeake Bay oyster hemolymph samples contained significantly greater proportions of granular hemocytes compared to Apalachicola Bay hemolymph samples. Hemocyte samples from Chesapeake Bay oysters demonstrated a higher percentage of mobile hemocytes and greater particle binding ability than Apalachicola Bay oyster hemocytes when tested in March, but the reverse was found in the October experiments. Chesapeake Bay oyster hemocytes produced significantly more superoxide anion as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction than did Apalachicola Bay oyster hemocytes in both March and October. Oyster hemolymph levels of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus did not differ significantly between the 2 sites at either time of year. These results demonstrate the importance of background studies to characterize site-specific differences in oyster hemocyte defense-related functions. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP OLIVER, LM (reprint author), AVANTI CORP,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 13 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.3354/dao022217 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA RR305 UT WOS:A1995RR30500007 ER PT J AU JAMES, SC KOVALICK, WW BASSIN, J AF JAMES, SC KOVALICK, WW BASSIN, J TI TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATING CONTAMINATED LAND AND GROUNDWATER SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF 510W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT SUPPORT INC,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP JAMES, SC (reprint author), US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PS SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JUL 3 PY 1995 IS 13 BP 492 EP 495 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA RG369 UT WOS:A1995RG36900007 ER PT J AU KOVALICK, WW AF KOVALICK, WW TI REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR US HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article RP KOVALICK, WW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF,401 M ST,SW 5102W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PS SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JUL 3 PY 1995 IS 13 BP 500 EP 503 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA RG369 UT WOS:A1995RG36900009 ER PT J AU PLEIL, JD LINDSTROM, AB AF PLEIL, JD LINDSTROM, AB TI COLLECTION OF A SINGLE ALVEOLAR EXHALED BREATH FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; BREATH SAMPLING; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ID CARBON-DISULFIDE; AIR; CHLOROFORM; EXPOSURES; CHAMBER; WATER AB Measurement of specific organic compounds in exhaled breath has been used as an indicator of recent exposure to pollutants or as an indicator of the health of an individual. A typical application involves the collection of multiple breaths onto a sorbent cartridge or into an evacuated canister with the use of a relatively complex sampling apparatus. A new method has been developed wherein a single exhaled breath is directly transferred from the mouth into an evacuated 1 1 or 1.8 1 stainless steel SUMMA(R) canister. The single breath canister (SBC) method avoids the necessity for a complex sampling system requiring maintenance and cleaning and allows easy collection of samples. Additionally, it is possible to collect a rapid sequence of samples from a subject to establish the elimination curve subsequent to an exposure to specific volatile organic compounds with a theoretical resolution of adjacent breaths. The SBC method was compared to an accepted canister based sampling system to assure comparability and then used to demonstrate its utility by measuring the absorption and elimination of chloroform during and after exposure to chlorinated shower water. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,MAIL DROP 56,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700280110 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE397 UT WOS:A1995RE39700009 PM 7573070 ER PT J AU BEST, LB FREEMARK, KE DINSMORE, JJ CAMP, M AF BEST, LB FREEMARK, KE DINSMORE, JJ CAMP, M TI A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF HABITAT USE BY BREEDING BIRDS IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF IOWA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Review ID SPECIES RICHNESS; VESPER SPARROWS; ROWCROP FIELDS; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; FARMLAND; CROPLAND AB Existing information on bird species composition, abundance and nesting status during the breeding season (May through July) was compiled for habitats characteristic of the agricultural landscapes of Iowa. Data were derived from 60 sources for 144 bird species in 20 habitats. Total numbers of breeding bird species were highest in floodplain forest (107 species) and upland forest (85), and lowest in small grains (31) and herbaceous fencerows (27). Species abundances were standardized and categorized on a scale from 0 (absent) through 5 (very abundant with >250 individual birds/census count/100 ha). Bird species abundances are lowest in some agricultural habitats (e.g., tilled row crops and small grains) and highest in narrow, strip-cover habitats (e.g., railroad rights-of-way, wooded fencerows and farmstead shelterbelts). Species abundance patterns in natural habitats (forest, marsh and prairie) are intermediate between those in agricultural and strip-cover habitats. Twenty-five species occurred only in forest habitats and 14 only in marshes. Other species selectively (through not exclusively) use tilled row crop, grassland or wooded habitats. Principal components analysis was used to assess the relative similarities in use of the 20 habitats by the assemblage of breeding birds in Iowa. Predicted numbers of nesting species increased from 18 to 93 over four landscape scenarios representing a progression from an intensively farmed row-crop monoculture to a diverse mosaic of crop and noncrop habitats. Although laborious, the approach developed in our study has been useful for standardizing and synthesizing a diverse literature in efforts to conduct ecological risk assessments for farmland birds. It can also provide valuable baseline data for landscape-level research. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BEST, LB (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM ECOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 87 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 8 U2 33 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 134 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.2307/2426479 PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RN004 UT WOS:A1995RN00400001 ER PT J AU LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ZHU, JJ WIEDERIN, DR BECKERT, WF AF LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ZHU, JJ WIEDERIN, DR BECKERT, WF TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS COUPLED ONLINE WITH INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ELEMENTAL SPECIATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT-INJECTION NEBULIZATION; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB A novel interface to connect a capillary electrophoresis (CE) system with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICPMS) detector is reported here. The interface was built using a direct injection nebulizer (DIN) system. In this interface, the CE capillary was placed concentrically inside the fused-silica DIN sample introduction capillary. A makeup liquid was pumped at a now rate of 15 mu L/min into the fused-silica DIN sample transfer capillary via a connector. The makeup liquid flowing outside the CE capillary sewed two purposes: (a) it established continuous and stable electrical contact at the exit (grounding) terminus of the CE capillary, and (b) it allowed the DIN system to be optimized independently of the CE system for efficient sample introduction to the ICPMS system. The makeup liquid along with the liquid from the electroosmotic now generated inside the CE capillary was nebulized by the DIN system directly into the ICP torch. The CE/DIN-ICPMS system was evaluated using test samples containing selected alkali, alkaline-earth, and heavy metal ions, as well as selenium [Se(IV) and Se(VI)], and various inorganic and organic arsenic species. The preliminary results show that the CE/DIN-ICPMS system can be used to determine metal species at parts-per-trillion to parts-per-billion levels. C1 MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,MT VIEW,CA 94043. CETAC TECHNOL INC,OMAHA,NE 68107. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 26 TC 146 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 13 BP 2020 EP 2025 DI 10.1021/ac00109a019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RF792 UT WOS:A1995RF79200024 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, VL YOUNG, R BENEDICTO, J HO, P KIM, R BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, VL YOUNG, R BENEDICTO, J HO, P KIM, R BECKERT, WF TI EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM SOLID SAMPLES USING MICROWAVE-ENERGY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB This study, which is part of an ongoing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) research program, carried out by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas, addresses new sample preparation techniques that (a) prevent or minimize pollution in analytical laboratories, (b) improve target analyte recoveries, and (c) reduce sample preparation costs, We present here additional evaluation results of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure (described previously in this journal) for 187 compounds and four Aroclors listed in the EPA Methods 8250, 8081, and 8141A, Our results demonstrate that most of these compounds can be recovered in good yields from the matrices investigated. For example, recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% for 79 of the 95 compounds listed in Method 8250, 38 of the 45 organochlorine pesticides listed in Method 8081, and 34 of the 47 organophosphorus pesticides listed in Method 8141A. When recoveries from freshly spiked soil samples were compared with those from aged samples, we found that recoveries usually decreased; as expected, there was more spread in recoveries with increased aging time, For 15 compounds in a reference soil, the recoveries of 14 compounds by MAE were equal, to or better than recoveries obtained by Soxhlet extraction (naphthalene being the exception); for selected organochlorine pesticides, recoveries from spiked soil samples were at least 7% higher for MAE than for either Soxhlet or sonication extraction, C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP LOPEZAVILA, VL (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,625-B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 5 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 13 BP 2096 EP 2102 DI 10.1021/ac00109a031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RF792 UT WOS:A1995RF79200036 ER PT J AU OREMLAND, RS MILLER, LG DOWDLE, P CONNELL, T BARKAY, T AF OREMLAND, RS MILLER, LG DOWDLE, P CONNELL, T BARKAY, T TI METHYLMERCURY OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION POTENTIALS IN CONTAMINATED AND PRISTINE SEDIMENTS OF THE CARSON RIVER, NEVADA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY METHYLATION; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; WATER; DEMETHYLATION; SULFATE; REDUCTION; RESISTANCE; METHANE; LAKE; VOLATILIZATION AB Sediments from mercury-contaminated and uncontaminated reaches of the Carson River, Nevada, were assayed for sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, denitrification, and monomethylmercury (MeHg) degradation. Demethylation of [C-14]MeHg was detected at all sites as indicated by the formation of (CO2)-C-14 and (CH4)-C-14. Oxidative demethylation was indicated by the formation of (CO2)-C-14 and was present at significant levels in all samples. Oxidized/reduced demethylation product ratios (i.e., (CO2)-C-14/(CH4)-C-14 ratios) generally ranged from 4.0 in surface layers to as low as 0.5 at depth. Production of (CO2)-C-14 was most pronounced at sediment surfaces which were zones of active denitrification and sulfate reduction but was also significant within zones of methanogenesis. In a core taken from an uncontaminated site having a high proportion of oxidized, coarse-grain sediments, sulfate reduction and methanogenic activity levels were very low and (CO2)-C-14 accounted for 98% of the product formed from [C-14]MeHg. There was no apparent relationship between the degree of mercury contamination of the sediments and the occurrence of oxidative demethylation. However, sediments from Fort Churchill, the most contaminated site, were most active in terms of demethylation potentials. Inhibition of sulfate reduction with molybdate resulted in significantly depressed oxidized/reduced demethylation product ratios, but overall demethylation rates of inhibited and uninhibited samples were comparable. Addition of sulfate to sediment slurries stimulated production of (CO2)-C-14 from [C-14]MeHg, while 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid blocked production of (CH4)-C-14. These results reveal the importance of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria in oxidative demethylation of MeHg in anoxic environments. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP OREMLAND, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 465,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 57 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2745 EP 2753 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RG334 UT WOS:A1995RG33400048 PM 16535081 ER PT J AU LAKE, CA LAKE, JL HAEBLER, R MCKINNEY, R BOOTHMAN, WS SADOVE, SS AF LAKE, CA LAKE, JL HAEBLER, R MCKINNEY, R BOOTHMAN, WS SADOVE, SS TI CONTAMINANT LEVELS IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; TECHNICAL PCB PREPARATIONS; PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE MAMMALS; FRACTIONS THEREOF; SWEDISH WATERS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; TRACE-METALS; MONO-ORTHO AB The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and mercury (Hg) were determined in blubber and liver tissues of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) collected along the northeast coast of the U.S. Average PCB concentrations in seal blubber (sum of congeners) were 12.0 mu g/g (wet weight) with a range of 7.30 to 24.3 mu g/g in 1980 and 6.66 mu g/g (wet weight) with a range of 2.61 to 11.3 mu g/g in 1990-1992. Comparisons between blubber data from this study and previous work indicated that the concentration of PCBs along the northeast coast of the U.S. may have decreased over the past twenty years. The average p,p'-DDE concentrations in seal blubber were 10.9 mu g/g (wet weight) in 1980 with a range of 6.95 to 21.9 mu g/g and 4.12 mu g/g (wet weight) with a range of 1.83 to 7.84 mu g/g in 1990-1992. Only trace amounts of PCDFs and PCDDs were found in a few blubber samples; levels in most tissues were below detection (3-5 pg/g) (wet weight). Trace amounts (<30 ng/g) of phenanthracene, anthracene, and alkylated MW-178 compounds were found in some seal samples; all other PAH compounds were below the detection level (5-15 ng/g). Toxic equivalents (TEQ) of selected coplanar and mono-ortho PCB congeners and relative toxic equivalents (RTE) (pg total TEQ/mu g total PCB) were calculated, using recently proposed dioxin toxic equivalent factors (Ahlborg er al. 1994). The TEQs ranged from 41 to 315, and the RTEs ranged from 2.25 to 16.3. The RTEs for seal blubber indicated that the present values were in the midrange of those reported in the literature. Toxic equivalents calculated on the basis of the concentrations of the coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs indicated that coplanar PCBs, rather than PCDDs and PCDFs, may pose a more important toxic threat to harbor seals. Mercury levels in liver tissue averaged 70.0 mu g/g (wet weight) and 44.1 mu g/g (wet weight) in the 1991 and 1980 samples, respectively, and are similar to those found in relatively polluted waters of the British Isles. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. OKEANOS OCEAN RES FDN INC,HAMPTON BAYS,NY 11946. RP LAKE, CA (reprint author), US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RA088 UT WOS:A1995RA08800020 PM 7794010 ER PT J AU GERON, CD PIERCE, TE GUENTHER, AB AF GERON, CD PIERCE, TE GUENTHER, AB TI REASSESSMENT OF BIOGENIC VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS IN THE ATLANTA AREA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ISOPRENE; MONOTERPENE; FOLIAR MASS; FOREST INVENTORY; OXIDANT ID ISOPRENE; FOREST; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; INVENTORY; MODEL; LIGHT; RATES; PINE; OAK AB Localized estimates of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are important inputs for photochemical oxidant simulation models. Since forest tree species are the primary emitters of BVOCs, it is important to develop reliable estimates of their areal coverage and BVOC emission rates. A new system is used to estimate these emissions in the Atlanta area for specific tree genera at hourly and county levels. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and an associated urban vegetation survey are used to estimate canopy occupancy by genus in the Atlanta area. A simple canopy model is used to adjust photosynthetically active solar radiation at five vertical levels in the canopy. Leaf temperature and photosynthetically active radiation derived from ambient conditions above the forest canopy are then used to drive empirical equations to estimate genus level emission rates of BVOCs vertically through forest canopies. These genera-level estimates are then aggregated to county and regional levels for input into air quality models and for comparison with (1) the regulatory model currently used and (2) previous estimates for the Atlanta area by local researchers. Estimated hourly emissions from the three approaches during a documented ozone event day are compared. The proposed model yields peak diurnal isoprene emission rates that are over a factor of three times higher than previous estimates. This results in total BVOC emission rates that are roughly a factor of two times higher than previous estimates. These emissions are compared with observed emissions from forests of similar composition. Possible implications for oxidant events are discussed. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP GERON, CD (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1569 EP & DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00274-O PG 0 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RH248 UT WOS:A1995RH24800009 ER PT J AU GUNDEL, LA LEE, VC MAHANAMA, KRR STEVENS, RK DAISEY, JM AF GUNDEL, LA LEE, VC MAHANAMA, KRR STEVENS, RK DAISEY, JM TI DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE PHASE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEMIVOLATILE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS USING ANNULAR DENUDERS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ANNULAR DENUDER; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE; INDOOR AIR; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; PHASE DISTRIBUTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH); SAMPLING ARTIFACT; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS ID SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMBIENT AIR; DIFFUSION DENUDER; FIBER FILTERS; PARA-DIOXINS; COLLECTION; PARTICULATE AB An annular denuder-based sampler, here called the integrated organic vapor/particle sampler (IOVPS), has been developed for direct determination of both gaseous and particulate semi-volatile organic species. The IOVPS uses a cyclone inlet for removal of particles greater than 2.5 mu m (D-50) from the airstream, followed by two or three sandblasted glass annular denuders coated with ground particles of an adsorbent resin. The denuders trap the gas-phase species of interest before the airstream passes through a filter and a backup denuder. Extracts of the denuders and filters are analyzed for the semi-volatile species of interest. The IOVPS has been tested and validated for sampling semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in indoor laboratory room air and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Ground XAD-4 was the adsorbent for these initial studies. Gas- and particulate-phase concentrations of semi-volatile PAH are presented for these two environments. The new sampler provides the means for directly determining phase distributions of PAH and other classes of semi-volatile organic species, rather than by difference or by techniques that are subject to large positive and negative artifacts. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT BRANCH,SOUCE APPORTIONMENT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GUNDEL, LA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,INDOOR ENVIRONM PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 64 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 14 BP 1719 EP 1733 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00366-S PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ095 UT WOS:A1995RJ09500013 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, DS DAVIS, WP TURNER, BJ AF TAYLOR, DS DAVIS, WP TURNER, BJ TI RIVULUS-MARMORATUS - ECOLOGY OF DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS IN FLORIDA AND THE CENTRAL INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon Conference CY FEB 15-16, 1994 CL HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST, FT PIERCE, FL SP Indian River Lagoon, Natl Estuary Program HO HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST ID POPULATIONS; FISH AB The Neotropical killifish Rivulus marmoratus is widely distributed, but locally rare, throughout much of coastal south and central Florida. Habitat alteration has affected the species throughout the state, especially on the east coast (Indian River Lagoon) where the destruction of mangroves and impounding of high marsh for mosquito control has altered and fragmented suitable habitat. Within tropical salt-marsh and mangrove forests, R. marmaoratus seems best adapted to certain micro-habitats, specifically those precluding the survival/establishment of competing fishes. On the east coast of Florida, this microhabitat preference is the land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) burrow. In south Florida and the west coast, R. marmoratus is most often captured in stagnant pools and old mosquito ditches in mangrove forests. Populations of R. marmoratus in Florida consist of arrays of homozygous clones. Can habitat fragmentation, with its possible effects on clonal diversity, affect the continued success of this species? Are certain clones better-adapted to specific environmental conditions? Isolated populations consisting of only a single clone could persist indefinitely. Association with habitat type may answer some of these questions. Some degree of plasticity is apparent, as northern clones ''transplanted'' from crab burrows survive well and achieve high population levels in isolated pools more typical of south Florida habitats. However, the appearance of male fish in these pools, a phenomenon unknown in natural populations from burrows, suggests aberrant population structure. While general questions remain about the adaptive significance of clonal diversity, the mere presence of this novel fish in salt marsh/mangrove habitats may indicate that other aspects of biodiversity are in good ''order.'' C1 FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,VALKARIA,FL 32950. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP TAYLOR, DS (reprint author), BREVARD MOSQUITO CONTROL DIST,2870 GREENBROOKE ST,VALKARIA,FL 32950, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RH265 UT WOS:A1995RH26500020 ER PT J AU DAVIS, WP TAYLOR, DS TURNER, BJ AF DAVIS, WP TAYLOR, DS TURNER, BJ TI DOES THE AUTECOLOGY OF THE MANGROVE RIVULUS FISH (RIVULUS-MARMORATUS) REFLECT A PARADIGM FOR MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM SENSITIVITY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon Conference CY FEB 15-16, 1994 CL HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST, FT PIERCE, FL SP Indian River Lagoon, Natl Estuary Program HO HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST ID POPULATIONS AB The killifish Rivulus marmoratus, mangrove rivulus, represents the one of the two potentially truly ''mangrove dependent'' fish species in western Atlantic mangrove ecosystems. The distribution of this species closely parallels the range of red mangroves. These plants and fish exhibit parallel ecological and physiological tolerances to the wide ranges of tropical temperatures and salinities, as well as substrate and hydrological conditions of mangrove habitats. The mangrove rivulus, R. marmoratus, is, as well, the only truly marine representative of a speciose genus of otherwise freshwater fish species. Many of the biological specializations of this species characterize the specific challenges to survival in mangrove forest conditions. As recent studies report, this fish species, once considered ''rare,'' has been shown to be very abundant in specific substrate microhabitats of the mangal. Among the unique specializations of this fish are amphibious emersion from water, survival in moist detrital substrate during periods of low water or drought, and reproduction through internal self-fertilization producing homozygous clones. The autecology of this species provides fascinating insights and generates a wealth of questions regarding evolution of specific adaptations for distribution, dispersal, colonization, population genetics and the interrelationships between adaptation and specialization. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) represents both the site of rediscovery of the fish as well as the northern frontier of the species distribution range, habitat, and ecosystem. This suggests close interrelationships and parallels in the parameters to which the species has adapted, perhaps representing a commonage, of ecological association. These aspects are discussed with respect to details and insight needed to develop strategies for the management of unique communities and ecosystems, especially along their natural distributional borders. The topic raises such questions as: Are some ''exotic species'' actually examples of newly arrived colonizers, representing dynamic biotic responses to climate change and/or anthropogenic habitat modification? C1 BREVARD MOSQUITO CONTROL,VALKARIA,FL 32950. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP DAVIS, WP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RH265 UT WOS:A1995RH26500021 ER PT J AU BOLGAR, M CUNNINGHAM, J COOPER, R KOZLOSKI, R HUBBALL, J MILLER, DP CRONE, T KIMBALL, H JANOOBY, A MILLER, B FAIRLESS, B AF BOLGAR, M CUNNINGHAM, J COOPER, R KOZLOSKI, R HUBBALL, J MILLER, DP CRONE, T KIMBALL, H JANOOBY, A MILLER, B FAIRLESS, B TI PHYSICAL, SPECTRAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF ALL 209 INDIVIDUAL PCB CONGENERS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLOROBIPHENYLS; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; GC AB Physical, spectral and chromatographic data for all 209 individual PCB congeners is presented. The individual congeners were synthesized and then isolated and purified. Recent emphasis on the source of the toxicity of commercial PCB formulations has increased the need for a complete set of the PCB congeners. Through the use of two capillary GC columns: 40% octadecyl/ 15% phenyl methyl siloxane and 50% phenyl methyl siloxane, it was possible to separate 201 PCB congeners with only four unresolved pairs. The data compiled in this study for all 209 congeners will aid in the identification of selected individual components of these environmental pollutants. The use of this data also presents the opportunity for the improved quantification of the commercial PCB formulations. C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,KANSAS CITY,KS 66115. RP BOLGAR, M (reprint author), ACCUSTAND INC,25 SCI PK,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511, USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 2687 EP 2705 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00140-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL927 UT WOS:A1995RL92700010 ER PT J AU RHYNE, TM MARTIN, L AF RHYNE, TM MARTIN, L TI SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER - AN EPA CASE-STUDY SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article RP RHYNE, TM (reprint author), US EPA,CTR SCI VISUALIZAT,LOCKHEED MARTIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JUL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 7 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1109/2.391065 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA RG242 UT WOS:A1995RG24200023 ER PT J AU CARTER, CS FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME AF CARTER, CS FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME TI NEONATAL MEDIAL PREFRONTAL LESIONS AND RECOVERY OF SPATIAL DELAYED ALTERNATION IN THE RAT - EFFECTS OF DELAY INTERVAL SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTEX LESIONS; WORKING MEMORY; ONTOGENY AB We have previously shown that rats given medial prefrontal lesions on postnatal Day 10 show a performance deficit on spatial delayed alternation (2-s delay) when tested between Days 19 and 23, but show recovery of function by Days 27-33 (Freeman & Stanton, 1992). The present study attempted to (a) examine the effects of extending the delay interval from 2 s to 15 or 45 s on the ontogeny of spatial delayed alternation; and (b) determine whether these longer delays would alter the ontogenetic profile of recovery from medial prefrontal damage. Animals were given medial prefrontal lesions (mPFC) or sham surgery on Day 10. They received acquisition training on delayed alternation with a 2-s delay on Day 21 or Day 28, followed by ''probe'' tests at delays of 15 and 45 s on the following day (Day 22 or Day 29). On Days 21-22 there was an overall effect of lesion at the 2- 15-, and 45-s delay intervals indicating an early deficit. However, on Days 28-29 there was no effect of lesion at the end of acquisition or at the 15- or 45-s delay intervals. Recovery of memory function by mPFC animals on this task appears to occur during the weanling period regardless of delay interval. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. dagger C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT PSYCHOL, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. RI Carter, Christy/E-6630-2011 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1002/dev.420280503 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA RF110 UT WOS:A1995RF11000002 PM 7672459 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MINOR, DL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MINOR, DL MCKINNEY, JD TI USING 3-DIMENSIONAL QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS TO EXAMINE ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING AFFINITIES OF POLYCHLORINATED HYDROXYBIPHENYLS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR FIELD ANALYSIS; ESTRADIOL EQUIVALENTS; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS ID FIELD; VALIDATION; REGRESSION; PROBES; COMFA; MODEL; PCBS AB Certain phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals, apparently in association with their estrogenic properties. Competition with natural estrogens for the estrogen receptor is a possible mechanism by which such effects could occur. We used comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) paradigm, to examine the underlying structural properties of ortho-chlorinated hydroxybiphenyl analogs known to bind to the estrogen receptor. The cross-validated and conventional statistical results indicate a high degree of internal predictability for the molecules included in the training data set. in addition to the phenolic (A) ring system, conformational restriction of the overall structure appears to play an important role in estrogen receptor binding affinity. Hydrophobic character as assessed using hydropathic interaction fields also contributes in a positive way to binding affinity. The CoMFA-derived QSARs may be useful in examining the estrogenic activity of a wider range of phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern. comparative molecular field analysis, esrradiol equivalents, estrogen receptor, poiychlorinated biphenyls, quantitative structureactivity reiationships. RP WALLER, CL (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32HLO7275] NR 37 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 103 IS 7-8 BP 702 EP 707 DI 10.2307/3432862 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RW442 UT WOS:A1995RW44200021 PM 7588482 ER PT J AU SHY, CM DEGNAN, D FOX, DL MUKERJEE, S HAZUCHA, MJ BOEHLECKE, BA ROTHENBACHER, D BRIGGS, PM DEVLIN, RB WALLACE, DD STEVENS, RK BROMBERG, PA AF SHY, CM DEGNAN, D FOX, DL MUKERJEE, S HAZUCHA, MJ BOEHLECKE, BA ROTHENBACHER, D BRIGGS, PM DEVLIN, RB WALLACE, DD STEVENS, RK BROMBERG, PA TI DO WASTE INCINERATORS INDUCE ADVERSE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS - AN AIR-QUALITY AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF 6 COMMUNITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; POLLUTION AB The purpose of the study presented here was to simultaneously measure air quality and respiratory function and symptoms in populations living in the neighborhood of waste incinerators and to estimate the contribution of incinerator emissions to the particulate air mass in these neighborhoods. We studied the residents of three communities having, respectively, a biomedical and municipal incinerator, and a liquid hazardous waste-burning industrial furnace. We compared results with three matched-comparison communities. We did not detect differences in concentrations of particulate matter among any of the three pairs of study communities. Average fine particulate (PM(2.5)) concentrations measured for 35 days varied across study communities from 16 to 32mug/m(3). Within the same community, daily concentrations of fine particulates varied by as much as eightfold, from 10 to 80mug/m(3), and were nearly identical within each pair of communities. Direct measurements of air quality and estimates based on a chemical mass balance receptor model showed that incinerator emissions did not have a major or even a modest impact on routinely monitored air pollutants. A one-time baseline descriptive survey (n=6963) did not reveal consistent community differences in the prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory symptoms between incinerator and comparison communities, nor did we see a difference in baseline lung function tests or in the average peak expiratory flow rate measured over a period of 35 days. Based on this analysis of the first year of our study, we conclude that we have no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no acute or chronic respiratory effects associated with residence in an of the three incinerator communities. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MECKLENBURG CTY HLTH DEPT,CHARLOTTE,NC 28211. RP SHY, CM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CB7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 103 IS 7-8 BP 714 EP 724 DI 10.2307/3432864 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RW442 UT WOS:A1995RW44200023 PM 7588484 ER PT J AU MACAULEY, JM ENGLE, VD SUMMERS, JK CLARK, JR FLEMER, DA AF MACAULEY, JM ENGLE, VD SUMMERS, JK CLARK, JR FLEMER, DA TI AN ASSESSMENT OF WATER-QUALITY AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN PERDIDO BAY, A NORTHERN GULF-OF-MEXICO ESTUARY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Perdido Bay is a shallow estuarine system of approximately 130 km(2) with three major freshwater inputs. On a seasonal basis the productivity and chlorophyll a concentration of phytoplankton in Perdido Bay are controlled by temperature. One input, Eleven Mile Creek, is influenced by a paper mill discharge. Eleven Mile Creek exhibits high levels of light attenuation, high concentrations of dissolved nutrients, and low rates of carbon fixation that are significantly different from the other inputs or areas of Perdido Bay and productivity in Eleven Mile Creek is light limited. Upper Perdido Bay had slightly elevated concentrations of dissolved nutrients which correlate with significantly higher rates of carbon fixation and phytoplankton biomass. Nutrients and color from Eleven Mile Creek are diluted by the Perdido River inflow, restricting nutrient and light limitations to the area at the mouth of Eleven Mile Creek. RP MACAULEY, JM (reprint author), US EPA,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 36 IS 3 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1007/BF00547901 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RT032 UT WOS:A1995RT03200001 PM 24197776 ER PT J AU VANEMON, JM GERLACH, CL AF VANEMON, JM GERLACH, CL TI A STATUS-REPORT ON FIELD-PORTABLE IMMUNOASSAY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER C1 LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,LAS VEGAS,NV. RP VANEMON, JM (reprint author), US EPA,EXPOSURE RES LAB,DIV CHARACTERIZAT RES,IMMUNOCHEM PROGRAM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 7 BP A312 EP A317 DI 10.1021/es00007a001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RG467 UT WOS:A1995RG46700012 ER PT J AU YEARDLEY, RB LAZORCHAK, JM PENCE, MA AF YEARDLEY, RB LAZORCHAK, JM PENCE, MA TI EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE REFERENCE TOXICANTS FOR USE IN THE EARTHWORM TOXICITY TEST SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EARTHWORM; REFERENCE TOXICANT; 2-CHLOROACETAMIDE; AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ID EISENIA-FETIDA; SOIL; CHEMICALS AB The use of the 14-d earthworm toxicity test to aid in the evaluation of the ecological impact of contaminated soils is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the method is in need of further standardization. As part of this continuing process, the choice of reference toxicants was evaluated. Reference toxicants were rated in relation to the following criteria: (a) reproducibility, (b) low human health hazard, (c) feasibility of measurement, and (d) chemical stability. Potassium chloride (KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were evaluated as possible alternatives to the one currently in common use, 2-chloroacetamide. Potassium chloride rated the best for the combination of the four criteria, followed by NH4Cl and 2-chloroacetamide. Coefficients of variation (C.V.s) from control charts of six definitive tests were used to measure reproducibility. The best reproducibility (lowest C.V.) was shown by KCl, followed by NH4Cl and 2-chloroacetamide. Toxicants ranked KCl < NH4Cl much less than 2-chloroacetamide in terms of health hazard; and KCl = NH4Cl > 2-chloroacetamide in terms of measurement feasibility. Both 2-chloroacetamide and NH4Cl changed in concentration during testing. Evidence is also presented that 2-chloroacetamide degrades rapidly during testing, and that, as dead worms decay, ammonification may be adding another toxicant, ammonia, to tests. RP YEARDLEY, RB (reprint author), US EPA,DYNCORP,TAI,3411 CHURCH ST,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1194 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1189:EOARTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RE415 UT WOS:A1995RE41500010 ER PT J AU BAYARD, S JINOT, J FLATMAN, G AF BAYARD, S JINOT, J FLATMAN, G TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE AND LUNG-CANCER - UNCERTAINTIES IN THE POPULATION ESTIMATES BUT NOT IN THE CAUSAL ASSOCIATION - A REJOINDER TO GROSS SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE; LUNG CANCER; QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ID NONSMOKING WOMEN AB This article is a rejoinder to the article by Gross in this issue, in which he claims that 'any range [of estimates of lung cancer deaths attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)] must encompass an estimate of zero deaths, and that the uncertainties are so great as to cast serious doubt on the use of any quantitative estimate'. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) conclusion that ETS is a human lung carcinogen was based on the total weight of evidence, not just the 11 U.S. epidemiology studies of ETS and lung cancer that Gross discusses with respect to the population risk estimates. This conclusion was unanimously endorsed by the Agency's independent Scientific Advisory Board and is in concurrence with the conclusions of other organizations. As for the population risk estimates, the EPA report acknowledges uncertainties in these estimates. However, we maintain that the estimate of 3000 lung cancer deaths per year in U.S. non-smokers is a reasonable point estimate. Furthermore, we have relatively high confidence in this estimate compared to cancer risk estimates for other environmental pollutants, because it is based on human data from actual environmental exposure levels. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP BAYARD, S (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1002/env.3170060410 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA RN393 UT WOS:A1995RN39300009 ER PT J AU CHIU, AO BAYLISS, D AF CHIU, AO BAYLISS, D TI BLACK-BOX EPIDEMIOLOGY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP CHIU, AO (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF HLTH ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 464 EP 464 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF747 UT WOS:A1995RF74700032 PM 7548367 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, PE WINJUM, JK AF SCHROEDER, PE WINJUM, JK TI ASSESSING BRAZIL CARBON BUDGET .1. BIOTIC CARBON POOLS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE TROPICAL FORESTS; SECONDARY FORESTS; CARBON CYCLE; CLIMATE CHANGE ID FORESTS; DEFORESTATION; RESPONSES; AMAZONIA; BIOMASS AB Brazil contains the world's largest expanse of tropical forest, but its forests are experiencing high levels of conversion to other uses. There is concern that releases of CO2 and other greenhouse gases resulting from deforestation will contribute to global climate change, The total amount of C that could be released by deforestation depends upon the amount currently contained in the terrestrial biota and soils. Knowledge of the areas of Brazil's major ecosystems and land use types and their C densities was used to estimate the total amount of C stored in vegetation, litter and coarse woody debris, and soils, The total estimated C pools were (58-81) X 10(9) Mg C in vegetation, (6-9) X 10(9) Mg C in litter and coarse woody debris, and about 72 X 10(9) Mg C in soil. Over 80% of the vegetation pool was contained in the closed tropical moist forests of Brazil. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NCASI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SCHROEDER, PE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03532-F PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RQ458 UT WOS:A1995RQ45800009 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, PE WINJUM, JK AF SCHROEDER, PE WINJUM, JK TI ASSESSING BRAZIL CARBON BUDGET .2. BIOTIC FLUXES AND NET CARBON BALANCE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CARBON CYCLE; CARBON FLUX; CLIMATE CHANGE; SECONDARY FORESTS ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; TROPICAL FORESTS; LAND-USE; SOILS; DEFORESTATION; CULTIVATION; LANDSCAPE; AMAZONIA; CYCLE AB The global carbon cycle is affected by the annual addition of 7.0 x 10(9) Mg CO2-C to the atmosphere from deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. Because of its large area of high C density forests and high deforestation rate, Brazil may play an important role in the global C cycle. The study reported here developed an annual C budget for Brazil for the year 1990. The budget was based on a simple conceptual model of ecosystem C storage and flux, a newly developed vegetation map based on remote sensing data, and published information on carbon densities and flux parameters. The analysis presents an estimate of net anthropogenic flux from land use change and includes an estimate of C accumulation in secondary forests. Net CO2-C emission estimates ranged from 174 X 10(6) to 233 X 10(6) Mg C year(-1). Timber harvest in plantations and burning fossil fuels contributed additional emissions of about 107 X 10(6) Mg C year(-1). Brazil's combined net C emissions represented 4-5% of the global total. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NCASI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SCHROEDER, PE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03533-G PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RQ458 UT WOS:A1995RQ45800010 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ ALLEN, BC FAUSTMAN, EM KIMMEL, CA AF KAVLOCK, RJ ALLEN, BC FAUSTMAN, EM KIMMEL, CA TI DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY .4. BENCHMARK DOSES FOR FETAL WEIGHT CHANGES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; ISSUES AB Recently, most attention on the application of benchmark dose (BMD) techniques to toxicology data has focused on quantal measures of response, Before the advantages of the BMD approach can be exploited in the risk assessment process, it is important that continuous measures of response also be modeled appropriately, In this study, we examined a variety of approaches to estimating BMDs for a change in fetal weight following chemical exposure from a total of 85 developmental toxicity experiments. We modeled the change in the mean fetal weight of a litter in response to treatment using a continuous power model, as well as reductions in the weight of individual fetuses within litters (defined as falling below a preset level) using a log-logistic model which incorporates litter size as a covariable and considers intralitter correlations, For the litter-based approach, several methods of defining a benchmark effect (BME) were considered, including a percentage change in mean litter weight, a change in mean litter weight relative to variability in the control group, and a reduction in the mean litter weight to some point on the control group distribution curve, For the fetus-based approach, we examined several BME options on the cumulative frequency distribution of the control fetuses for defining a low weight fetus and calculated several levels of additional risk, BMDs for four litter-based BMEs (a difference of 5% in mean fetal weight, a decrease to the 25th percentile mean weight of control litters, a decrease in the mean weight by 2 standard errors, and a decrease of 0.5 standard deviation units) and two fetus-based BMEs (a 5% added risk of weighing less than the 5th percentile of control weights and a 10% added risk of weighing less than the 10th percentile) showed strong similarities to each other and to statistically derived NOAELs. In addition to providing comparison with the NOAEL as a reference value, these analyses provided confirmation of the advantages of the BMD approach over the NOAEL in terms of the influence of dose spacing and dose selection. Combined with our previous analyses of quantal endpoints of fetal effects, this information provides a firm basis upon which to implement the benchmark dose concept in developmental toxicity risk assessments, (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 ICF KAISER,KS CRUMP DIV,RUSTON,LA 71270. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR CHILD DEV & MENTAL RETARDAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1092 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RH911 UT WOS:A1995RH91100007 PM 7589910 ER PT J AU PUSKIN, JS NELSON, CB AF PUSKIN, JS NELSON, CB TI ESTIMATES OF RADIOGENIC CANCER RISKS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE CANCER; RADIATION EFFECTS; RADIATION, IONIZING; EXPOSURE, RADIATION AB A methodology recently developed by the U.S. EPA for estimating the carcingenic risks from ionizing radiation is described. For most cancer sites, the risk model is one in which age-specific, relative risk coefficients are obtained by taking a geometric mean of the coefficients derived from the atomic bomb survivor data using two different methods for transporting risks from the Japanese to the U.S. population. The risk models are applied to estimate organ-specific risks per unit dose for a stationary population with mortality rates governed by 1980 U.S. vital statistics. With the exception of breast cancer, low-LET radiogenic cancer risk estimates are reduced by a factor of 2 at low doses and dose rates compared to acute high dose exposure conditions. For low dose (or dose rate) conditions, the risk of inducing a premature cancer death from uniform, whole body, low-LET irradiation is calculated to be 5.1 x 10(-2) Gy(-1). Neglecting nonfatal skin cancers, the corresponding incidence risk is 7.6 x 10(-2) Gy(-1). High-LET (alpha particle) risks are presumed to increase linearly with dose and to be independent of dose rate. High-LET risks are estimated to be 20 times the low-LET risks estimated under low dose rate conditions, except for leukemia and breast cancer where RBEs of 1 and 10 are adopted, respectively. RP PUSKIN, JS (reprint author), US EPA, OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR, 6602J, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1097/00004032-199507000-00009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RF830 UT WOS:A1995RF83000009 PM 7790217 ER PT J AU MILLER, FJ ANJILVEL, S MENACHE, MG ASGHARIAN, B GERRITY, TR AF MILLER, FJ ANJILVEL, S MENACHE, MG ASGHARIAN, B GERRITY, TR TI DOSIMETRIC ISSUES RELATING TO PARTICULATE TOXICITY SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity CY JAN 24-25, 1994 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; INHALED PARTICLES; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MAMMALIAN LUNG; MECHANISMS; CLEARANCE; HUMANS; MODELS; AIR AB An increasing number of epidemiological studies have reported excess mortality and morbidity thought to be associated with elevated levels of particulate matter air pollution. These studies call into question the adequacy of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter in terms of being protective of human health. The lack of data from the animal toxicology literature supportive of the types of effects seen in the epidemiology studies has raised issues of biological plausibility, adequacy of animal models, and relevance of endpoints measured in these models. We focused on various aspects of interspecies differences (rat vs. human) in the dosimetry of particles that may help explain the apparent lack of consistency between the toxicological and epidemiological findings. We adjusted the predicted thoracic deposition fractions in rats for the probability of inhaling particles up to 10 mu m in diameter. While deposition of particles on a mass per unit alveolar surface area is not different between these species, dose metrics based upon particle number per various anatomical parameters (ventilatory unit, alveolus, or alveolar macrophage) exhibit some striking differences between rats and humans. This is particularly the case for particles 0.1-0.3 mu m in size (i.e., those in the condensation mode of atmospheric aerosol fine particles). Particle deposition studies in smokers and in subjects with lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, show that these subpopulations are likely to De at increased risk from exposure to particulate air pollution. For dose metrics based upon particle number per anatomical parameter, we found that the trend of differences between rats and humans was even more pronounced for these ''compromised lung'' individuals compared with ''normal'' subjects. We hypothesize that ''localized overload'' of particulate clearance mechanisms in individuals with compromised lung status may be part of the biological plausibility story, and we examine various dosimetry model predictions and dose metrics that point in this direction. While our analyses and conclusions should be currently viewed as preliminary and speculative in nature, they underscore the need for additional research to identify and understand the role of factors leading to acute mortality and morbidity associated with episodic particulate air pollution excursions. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC. US EPA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP MILLER, FJ (reprint author), CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,POB 12137,6 DAVIS DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 615 EP 632 DI 10.3109/08958379509014469 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300005 ER PT J AU SIOUTAS, C KOUTRAKIS, P FERGUSON, ST BURTON, RM AF SIOUTAS, C KOUTRAKIS, P FERGUSON, ST BURTON, RM TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A PROTOTYPE AMBIENT PARTICLE CONCENTRATOR FOR INHALATION EXPOSURE STUDIES SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity CY JAN 24-25, 1994 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID DAILY MORTALITY; POLLUTION; SIZE; IMPACTORS AB A number of studies have underlined the importance of the acute and chronic effects of ambient particles on respiratory health. Because fine particles are capable of penetrating deeply into the respiratory system, most of the health studies have focused on the respirable portion or the particle size spectrum. Previous studies to examine exposure/response relationships between particle exposure and adverse respiratory effects have been based on artificial preparations, or collected and resuspended ambient particles, rather than the natural material found in ambient air. Artificial particles may not be representative, and collected particles may be difficult to redisperse. In addition, the chemical and physical characteristics of ambient particles may change upon resuspension. We have developed a new technique that enables us to increase the concentration of ambient particles to levels about 10 times higher (or more, if desirable) than their ambient values and supply them to an exposure chamber. Ambient aerosol containing particles in the size range 0.1-2.5 mu m can be concentrated using a series of two slit-nozzle virtual impactors. The intake flow rates are 1 m(3)/min and 200 L/min in the first and second virtual impacters, respectively. The virtual impacters were characterized in terms of their cutpoints and interstage losses using artificial monodisperse fluorescent aerosols as well as indoor ambient aerosols. Since the concentrated particles are maintained airborne, they can be supplied to a human or animal exposure chamber for conduction of exposure studies. The supply flow rate in the prototype concentrator is 40 L/min. Higher flow rates can be achieved by using more than one such system in parallel. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP SIOUTAS, C (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 633 EP 644 DI 10.3109/08958379509014470 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300006 ER PT J AU WALDMAN, JM KOUTRAKIS, P ALLEN, GA THURSTON, GD BURTON, RM WILSON, WE AF WALDMAN, JM KOUTRAKIS, P ALLEN, GA THURSTON, GD BURTON, RM WILSON, WE TI HUMAN EXPOSURES TO PARTICLE STRONG ACIDITY SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity CY JAN 24-25, 1994 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; AMMONIA; SYSTEM; NEUTRALIZATION; GASES; FIELD AB This article reviews the findings of recent research programs and attempts to present an update of our current understanding about human exposures to particle strong acidity IPSA). This review tells the key steps in our recent progress, such as aerosol chemistry and physics, improvements in samplers and measurement techniques, increases in the databases, and exposure assessments. Remedying an earlier paucity in direct measurements of PSA, there has been a great increase in the database from several recent field studies. These studies have shown that where appreciable PSA exists, virtually all exposures occur in the warmer months, and the highest PSA levels are specifically associated with summertime, regional stagnation periods. Frequently, PSA episodes are coincident with photochemical smog and high ozone levels, although the converse is not always the case. A number of new studies have shown that the effect of the indoors on human exposures to PSA is entirely protective. That is, there are rarely important sources indoors, and most factors affecting the indoor air quality lead to attenuation or PSA levels. While sulfate aerosol effectively infiltrates from outdoors, the strong acid portion is largely neutralized by ammonia present indoors. The chemical, physical, and phenomenological vagaries of PSA in the human environment are such that absolute exposures cannot be predicted by outdoor data alone. Personal (i.e., breathing zone/exposures are found to fall between measured outdoor and indoor values. Because of low indoor PSA concentrations and the higher activity individuals sustain while outdoors, even for relatively a minor part of the day, time spent outdoors may be the chief determinant of personal dose. Time/activity-weighted models of indoor and outdoor concentrations give better estimates of personal exposures, compared to outdoor concentrations alone. However, they currently fall short of providing accurate predictions of personal exposure. There remains problems in determining the most appropriate exposure metric for epidemiological investigations. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CUNY,MED CTR,NELSON INST ENVIORNM MED,TUXEDO PK,NY. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP WALDMAN, JM (reprint author), ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI INST,ROOM 301,681 FRELINGHUYSEN RD,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 657 EP 669 DI 10.3109/08958379509014472 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300008 ER PT J AU GERRITY, TR UTELL, MJ AF GERRITY, TR UTELL, MJ TI SESSION SUMMARY - MECHANISMS OF PARTICULATE TOXICITY SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV PULM CRIT CARE,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,DIV OCCUPAT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP GERRITY, TR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.3109/08958379509014481 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300017 ER PT J AU WILSON, WE AF WILSON, WE TI AEROSOL EXPOSURE, PHYSICS, AND CHEMISTRY SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP WILSON, WE (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 769 EP 772 DI 10.3109/08958379509014483 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300019 ER PT J AU SHARMA, R KODAVANTI, UP SMITH, LL MEHENDALE, HM AF SHARMA, R KODAVANTI, UP SMITH, LL MEHENDALE, HM TI THE UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF CYSTAMINE AND TAURINE BY ISOLATED-PERFUSED RAT AND RABBIT LUNGS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYSTAMINE; TAURINE; HYPOTAURINE; GLUTATHIONE; ISOLATED PERFUSED LUNGS ID SULFYDRYL-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; IRRADIATED TRANSFORMING DNA; ACCUMULATION; PARAQUAT; SLICES; GLUTATHIONE; CELLS; OXYGEN AB Cystamine has been reported to be taken up and metabolized to taurine by the rat lung slices. The objectives of the present study were to compare the uptake acid metabolism of cystamine and taurine in isolated perfused lungs of rats and rabbits and examine the action of glutathione (GSH) on these processes. The uptake and metabolism of [C-14]cystamine and [C-14]taurine were studied at 20 mu M concentrations each in isolated, ventilated, perfused rat and rabbit lungs. In some experiments, 1 mu M GSH was included in the perfusate prior to the addition of cystamine. The perfusate and lung homogenate samples were analyzed for cystamine and its metabolites. [C-14]cystamine uptake with and without GSH was 13 and 14% in rat lungs and 37 and 32% in rabbit lungs. [C-14]taurine uptake was 10% in rat and 37% in rabbit lungs. The levels of radiolabeled cystamine and its metabolites were (nmol/g lung): 20.0 +/- 10.0 and 11.5 +/- 7.0 cystamine, 4.7 +/- 0.5 and 3.2 +/- 0.5 hypotaurine and 56.0 +/- 16.0 and 49.4 +/- 6.0 taurine, for rat and rabbit lungs, respectively, when perfused without GSH; and 18.0 +/- 1.0 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 cystamine, 6.6 +/- 0.5 and 18 +/- 10 hypotaurine and 60.0 +/- 12.0 and 33.6 +/- 9.0 taurine, when perfused with GSH, for rats and rabbit lungs, respectively. Taurine did not undergo any further metabolism in either of the lungs. These studies show that cystamine is taken up and metabolized to taurine via hypotaurine by both rat and rabbit lungs in a manner similar to that seen in rat lung slices. However, rat lungs have much greater capacity to metabolize cystamine to taurine than rabbit. Inclusion of GSH did not significantly alter the ability of lungs to sequester cystamine from the perfusate but the metabolism of hypotaurine to taurine was markedly decreased in rabbit lungs. Taurine was not metabolized any further. It is concluded that rat and rabbit lungs take up cystamine from the systemic circulation, metabolize it via hypotaurine to taurine, and effuse most of the latter in to the circulation. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,COLL PHARM & HLTH SCI,DIV PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MONROE,LA 71209. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT HUMAN BIOL CHEM & GENET,GALVESTON,TX 77555. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV LEICESTER,MRC,TOXICOL UNIT,LEICESTER LE1 9HN,LEICS,ENGLAND. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-20622] NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1357-2725 J9 INT J BIOCHEM CELL B JI Int J. Biochem. Cell Biol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 7 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00038-Q PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA RP262 UT WOS:A1995RP26200003 PM 7648421 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD KING, SC AF KLIGERMAN, AD KING, SC TI FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEATED-BINUCLEATED LYMPHOCYTES IS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE HARVEST TIME FOLLOWING G(0) EXPOSURE TO X-RADIATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; GAMMA-RADIATION; INDUCTION; MOUSE; WHOLE AB Whole blood from two male individuals was X-irradiated using a Linear accelerator at 200 cGy/min to give a total exposure of 300 cGy. Lymphocytes were cultured using standard techniques with the addition of 3 mu g/ml cytochalasin B at 26 h to produce binucleation through the inhibition of cytokinesis for the scoring of micronuclei after the first nuclear division. Replicate cultures from each individual were harvested at 48, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 92, 94, 96, 98 and 100 h postinitiation using a cytocentrifuge. Slides were stained with acridine orange, and binucleated cells were scored for the presence of micronuclei. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated binucleates between replicate cultures, between individuals, or among cultures harvested from 48 to 100 h postinitiation. This indicates that the phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes are a relatively homogeneous population of cells with respect to X-radiation-induced chromosome damage. In addition, these data show that for determining the frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes irradiated in G(0), the harvest time (up to at least 100 h postinitiation) is not critical as long as analysis is confined to the first mitosis after irradiation (i.e. the binucleated cells). C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1080/09553009514550871 PG 5 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RP034 UT WOS:A1995RP03400003 PM 7629433 ER PT J AU WYSOCK, BM SANDVIG, AM SCHOCK, MR FREBIS, CP PROKOP, B AF WYSOCK, BM SANDVIG, AM SCHOCK, MR FREBIS, CP PROKOP, B TI STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR CORROSION STUDIES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Decision-makers evaluating corrosion treatment alternatives under the Lead and Copper Rule need the statistical tools to choose the optimum treatment from pipe loop studies. In many cases, the data generated by pipe loop studies do not follow a normal distribution; therefore, nonparametric statistics apply. Techniques that are discussed include determination of data normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square tests, determination of stabilization using the Spearman coefficient, and comparison of treatments using the Wilcoxon signed ranks or rank sum test. Other data issues that are important to evaluating corrosion studies include determining sample size and frequency, determining the confidence and accuracy of results, and evaluating data outliers. C1 ECON & ENGN SERV INC,BELLEVUE,WA 98009. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP WYSOCK, BM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 87 IS 7 BP 99 EP 112 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA RK197 UT WOS:A1995RK19700012 ER PT J AU Krynitsky, AJ Swineford, DM AF Krynitsky, AJ Swineford, DM TI Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in grains by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID METSULFURON-METHYL; CHLORSULFURON; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIVES; WATER AB A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to separate and determine residues of 5 sulfonylurea herbicides in grains (wheat, barley, and corn). This work demonstrated the practicality of using CE for residue analysis of sulfonylureas, The method yielded good recoveries and adequate sensitivities at tolerance levels (0.05-0.1 ppm). The compounds investigated were metsulfuron methyl (Ally), thifensulfuron methyl (Harmony), chlorsulfuron (Glean), rimsulfuron (DPX-E9636), and tribenuron methyl (Express). Acetonitrile extracts of grain samples were partitioned with hexane and then cleaned up with cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Quantitation was performed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using a high-sensitivity optical cell. Average recoveries at the 0.05 ppm level ranged from 72.9 to 118.5%, The lower limit of detection was approximately 0.02 ppm, except for rirnsulfuron and tribenuron methyl, far which the lower limit of detection was 0.035 ppm, The method was less complicated and showed better sensitivity than current single-analyte liquid chromatographic enforcement methods. RP Krynitsky, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, BLDG 306, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1096 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700030 PM 7580322 ER PT J AU Barker, JR Baumgardner, GA Turner, DP Lee, JJ AF Barker, JR Baumgardner, GA Turner, DP Lee, JJ TI Potential carbon benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program in the United States SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; carbon benefit; forestland; grassland; cropland; land-cover change; Climate Change Action Plan ID TEMPERATE FORESTS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; STORAGE; TRENDS; BUDGET; WORLD; CYCLE AB Three scenarios of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) were simulated to project carbon (C) pools and fluxes of associated grassland and forestland for the years 1986-2035; and to evaluate the potential to offset greenhouse gas emissions through C sequestration. The approach was to link land-area enrolments with grassland and forestland C densities to simulate C pools and fluxes over 50 years. The CRP began in 1986 and by 1996 consisted of 16.2 x 10(6) ha cropland converted to 14.7 x 10(6) ha grassland and of 1.5 x 10(6) ha forestland. The CRP1 simulated the likely outcome of the CRP as contracts expire in 1996 with the anticipated return of 8.7 x 10(6) ha grassland and of 0.4 x 10(6) ha forestland to crop production. The CRP2 assumed that the CRP continues with no land returning to crop production. The CRP3 was an expansion of the CRP2 to include afforestation of 4 x 10(6) ha new land. Average net annual C gains for the years 1996-2005 were <1, 12, and 16 TgC yr(-1) for CRP1, CRP2, and CRP3, respectively. Afforestation of marginal cropland as simulated under CRP3 could provide approximately 15% of the C offset needed to attain the Climate Change Action Plan of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to their 1990 level by the year 2000 within the United States. C1 US EPA, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP Barker, JR (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.2307/2845976 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300019 ER PT J AU CAULEY, JA MURPHY, PA RILEY, TJ BUHARI, AM AF CAULEY, JA MURPHY, PA RILEY, TJ BUHARI, AM TI EFFECTS OF FLUORIDATED DRINKING-WATER ON BONE MASS AND FRACTURES - THE STUDY OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIP FRACTURE; MINERAL DENSITY; CALCIUM INTAKE; ELDERLY WOMEN; COMMUNITIES AB To determine if optimal fluoridation of public water supplies influences bone mass and fractures, we studied 2076 non-black women, all aged greater than or equal to 65 years recruited into the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at the Pittsburgh clinic, Information on fluoride exposure,vas limited to community water supplies. The variable used in the analysis was years of exposure to fluoridated water in community drinking water supplies. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the spine and hip using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and at the midpoint and ultradistal radius and calcaneus using single photon absorptiometry. Prevalent and incident vertebral fractures were determined by morphometry. Incident nonspine fractures were ascertained every 4 months and confirmed by radiographic report, Exposure to residential fluoridated water had no effect on bone mass. Women exposed to fluoride for >20 years had similar axial and appendicular bone mass to women not exposed or women exposed for less than or equal to 20 years, There was some suggestion that women exposed to fluoride for >20 years had a lower relative risk of nonspine fractures (relative risk, RR, = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-1.12), osteoporotic fractures, RR = 0.74 (CI 0.46-1.19), and hip fractures, RR = 0.44 (CI 0.10-1.86), compared with women not exposed, but none of these relative risks was statistically significant. There mas no association with wrist or spinal fractures. Our results do not support the findings from recent ecological studies which showed an increased risk of hip fracture among individuals exposed to fluoridated public water. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIA,PITTSBURGH,PA. RP CAULEY, JA (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,A524 CRABTREE HALL,130 DESOTO ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05407]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR35582] NR 49 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1076 EP 1086 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RE422 UT WOS:A1995RE42200009 PM 7484283 ER PT J AU SHARPE, J MACARTHUR, D LIU, M KOLLIE, T GRAVES, R HENDRIKS, R AF SHARPE, J MACARTHUR, D LIU, M KOLLIE, T GRAVES, R HENDRIKS, R TI EVALUATION OF HFC 245CA AND HFC 236EA AS FOAM BLOWING AGENTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS LA English DT Article AB Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been widely adopted as an interim blowing agent in methane insulations. Due to their scheduled phase-out, research efforts are being devoted to the identification and development of alternatives with zero ozone depletion potential. Physical blowing agents identified have included hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, and more predominantly, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The majority of the HFC evaluations have focused on the more readily available, low boiling candidates such as HFC 134a. Higher boiling HFC candidates that could be handled at ambient conditions and use current processing equipment would be more desirable. This paper will describe results from a research program of two such candidate HFCs performed as a cooperative effort between the Environmental Protection Agency, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Martin Marietta Manned Space Systems. The purpose of this effort was to perform a limited evaluation of the developmental HFCs 245ca and 236ea as blowing agents in methane based insulations. These two materials were selected from screening tests of 37 C-2, C-3 and C-4 isomers based on physical properties, atmospheric lifetime, flammability, estimated toxicity, difficulty of synthesis, suitability for dual use as a refrigerant and other factors. Solubility of the two materials in typical foam components was tested, pour foaming trials were performed and preliminary data were gathered regarding foam insulation performance. C1 MARTIN MARIETTA MANNED SPACE SYST,NEW ORLEANS,LA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN. US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SHARPE, J (reprint author), MARTIN MARIETTA MANNED SPACE SYST,POB 9008,MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,AL 35812, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-955X J9 J CELL PLAST JI J. Cell. Plast. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 313 EP 329 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA RF531 UT WOS:A1995RF53100001 ER PT J AU KENSKI, DM WADDEN, RA SCHEFF, PA LONNEMAN, WA AF KENSKI, DM WADDEN, RA SCHEFF, PA LONNEMAN, WA TI RECEPTOR MODELING APPROACH TO VOC EMISSION INVENTORY VALIDATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANICS; GASOLINE AB The chemical-mass-balance (CMB) receptor model is a method for determining specific-source contributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to concentrations of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) measured in the ambient air. Because the method is based on air measurements, it offers an independent check on emission inventories developed by more traditional permit, survey, emission factor, and source-test techniques. This paper reports on the application of the CMB model to speciated NMOC air-measurement data sets collected during the summers of 1984-88 in five U.S. cities: Detroit; Chicago; Beaumont, Tex.; Atlanta; and Washington, D.C. Sources modeled were vehicle tailpipe emissions, fugitive gasoline-vapor emissions, architectural coating solvents, emissions from graphic arts, petroleum refineries, coke ovens, and polyethylene production. Comparisons of the CMB allocation of NMOC to emission inventory allocation of VOC for each city is discussed. Agreement with Environmental Protection Agency inventories for the five cities was generally very good for vehicles. Refinery inventory estimates are lower than CMB estimates-by more than a factor of 10 in Chicago and Detroit. Trajectory analysis was used to validate coefficients for coke ovens. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KENSKI, DM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,2121 W TAYLOR,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1995 VL 121 IS 7 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:7(483) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD336 UT WOS:A1995RD33600001 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, MA CLICKNER, RP WHITMORE, RW KALTON, G SEXTON, K AF CALLAHAN, MA CLICKNER, RP WHITMORE, RW KALTON, G SEXTON, K TI OVERVIEW OF IMPORTANT DESIGN ISSUES FOR A NATIONAL HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Exposure issues have important consequences for regulatory decisions. Reliable answers to exposure questions are critical for site cleanup, model validation, and cumulative risk issues, as well as giving perspective on our risk estimates. This paper discusses some of the important issues in designing the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) and, by implication, other exposure-monitoring-based studies as well. Sampling design issues are discussed in terms useful to exposure assessors. These issues include simple random sample designs versus more complex multistage designs, design efficiency, how to determine the sample size for the desired precision of the estimate, and the effects of stratification and oversampling on the needed sample size. This paper also discusses several important nonsampling issues such as population definition, response rates, and several potential sources of error in interpreting the monitoring results. RP CALLAHAN, MA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV 8602,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 257 EP 282 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TE767 UT WOS:A1995TE76700003 PM 8814772 ER PT J AU CAIRNS, MA DIRZO, R ZADROGA, F AF CAIRNS, MA DIRZO, R ZADROGA, F TI FORESTS OF MEXICO - A DIMINISHING RESOURCE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CTR ECOL,DEPT EVOLUT ECOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. US AGCY INT DEV,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP CAIRNS, MA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV WESTERN ECOL,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 7 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG923 UT WOS:A1995RG92300011 ER PT J AU BISHOP, GD CHURCH, MR AF BISHOP, GD CHURCH, MR TI MAPPING LONG-TERM REGIONAL RUNOFF IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES USING AUTOMATED APPROACHES SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB We conducted research to develop and test the accuracy of automated methods for producing long-term runoff contour maps of the eastern United States. Our goal was to determine if maps produced by these methods are as accurate as those now produced by manual methods. We examined nine procedures. One uses available runoff data only. Four use available runoff data and measured precipitation. The remaining four methods use runoff data and precipitation estimates from PRISM (Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). We evaluated the maps produced both qualitatively and quantitatively. We visually compared the automated procedure maps with a manual map produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. General visual agreement was very good among the maps. We also statistically compared estimated runoff at the precipitation stations with values interpolated from the manual map. The values of simple mean runoff computed for all of the methods were within about 1 cm (2%) of that determined for the manual method. We conducted an uncertainty analysis in which we withheld gaged data from the production of the maps and then compared these data with values interpolated from the maps. Overall, the automated methods performed as well as or better than the manual method. A method based on PRISM-based runoff-to-precipitation ratios (RPRIS) gave the best results. The results of our work indicate that simple automated procedures can produce long-term runoff contour maps with regional accuracies equivalent or superior to those produced by manual methods. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COMP SCI CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 169 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02641-N PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RD352 UT WOS:A1995RD35200010 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, CS GARDNER, GR HEDRICK, RP STEPHENSON, M CAWTHORN, RJ UPTON, SJ AF FRIEDMAN, CS GARDNER, GR HEDRICK, RP STEPHENSON, M CAWTHORN, RJ UPTON, SJ TI PSEUDOKLOSSIA HALIOTIS SP-N (APICOMPLEXA) FROM THE KIDNEY OF CALIFORNIA ABALONE, HALIOTIS SPP (MOLLUSCA) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOKLOSSIA HALIOTIS SP N; HALIOTIS SPP; ABALONE; COCCIDIAN; APICOMPLEXA; KIDNEY AB A coccidian of the genus Pseudoklossia Leger and Duboscq, 1915 (Apicomplexa) occurs in the kidneys of abalone, Haliotis spp. (Mollusca), throughout waters off California. Parasites are often numerous in renal tissues, and developmental stages include oocysts, macrogametes, microgametocytes, and meronts. Renal coccidian infections occur in uninfected abalone after exposure to water occupied previously by infected animals. The life cycle of this parasite appears to be monoxenous and the coccidian evokes no host inflammatory response. We term this coccidian Pseudoklossia haliotis sp. n. and describe the morphologic characteristics of the endogenous stages and oocysts. This represents only the seventh named species described from the genus. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED & EPIDEMIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039. UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL,FAC VET MED,CHARLOTTETOWN,PE C1A 4P3,CANADA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP FRIEDMAN, CS (reprint author), CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,BODEGA MARINE LAB,POB 247,WESTSIDE RD,BODEGA BAY,CA 94923, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 66 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1057 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RP682 UT WOS:A1995RP68200006 ER PT J AU LEES, JN HEIAN, GA RICHARDS, MK MCGOWAN, TF CARNES, RA AF LEES, JN HEIAN, GA RICHARDS, MK MCGOWAN, TF CARNES, RA TI THERMAL ENCAPSULATION OF METALS IN SUPERFUND SOILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Superfund sites frequently contain both heavy metals and organic hazardous waste. If not properly controlled, the metals may be changed to a more leachable form and may also be emitted to the atmosphere via the exhaust stack. This paper documents a batch kiln R&D test program to solve these metal-related problems. It was performed under the U.S. EPA's SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation) Emerging Technology Program. Allis Mineral Systems has developed the Thermal Encapsulation Process. Metals with limits set by EPA's TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) test and BLF (boiler and industrial furnace) stack emission regulations, such as cadmium, chromium, and lead, are the initial target of this process. This process, while unproven in these areas, may also apply to mixed waste (EPA hazardous waste/low-level radioactive wastes) and may also benefit commercial hazardous waste or Superfund thermal treatment systems. The results of the SITE tests were positive: strong, durable nodules were produced with excellent crush strength and improved resistance to leaching. Feed preparation, particularly control of moisture content, was found to be a key element in initiation of agglomeration. A good correlation was found between decreasing TCLP metals leachate levels and increasing crush strength. C1 RMT INC,GREENVILLE,SC 29606. FOUR NINES INC,RMT,DECATUR,GA 30030. ALLIS MINERAL SYST INC,WAUKESHA,WI 53186. RP LEES, JN (reprint author), US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT LAB,OFF RES & DEV,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7 BP 514 EP 520 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ041 UT WOS:A1995RJ04100001 ER PT J AU APEL, EC CALVERT, JG ZIKA, R RODGERS, MO ANEJA, VP MEAGHER, JF LONNEMAN, WA AF APEL, EC CALVERT, JG ZIKA, R RODGERS, MO ANEJA, VP MEAGHER, JF LONNEMAN, WA TI HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS DURING THE 1992 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS STUDY ATLANTA INTENSIVE - PROTOCOL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A major component of the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1992 Atlanta Intensive was the measurement of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons. Ambient air samples were collected and analyzed by a network of strategically located automated gas chromatography (GC) systems (field systems). In addition, an extensive canister sampling network was deployed. Combined, more than 3000 chromatograms were recorded. The SOS science team targeted for quantitative analysis 56 compounds which may be substantial contributors to ozone formation or used as air mass tracers. A quality assurance program was instituted to ensure that good measurements were being made throughout the network for each target compound. Common, high-quality standards were used throughout the network. The performance of individual field systems was evaluated during the intensive through the analysis of challenge mixtures. This methodology helped to identify and correct analytical problems as they arose. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,AIR QUAL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30332. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP APEL, EC (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,1850 TABLE MESA DR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ041 UT WOS:A1995RJ04100002 ER PT J AU PACE, CM BETOWSKI, LD AF PACE, CM BETOWSKI, LD TI MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN SOILS BY PARTICLE-BEAM HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID BONDED STATIONARY PHASES; ELUTION BEHAVIOR; CARBON-BLACK; SPECTROMETRY; SEPARATION; RETENTION; INTERFACE; ISOMERS; HPLC AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a class of potentially hazardous compounds of concern to the U.S. EPA. The application of particle-beam (PB) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to the measurement of high-molecular-weight PAHs was investigated. Instrument performance was evaluated for 16 PAHs in the molecular weight range 300-450 u. The PAHs were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography via a polymeric octadecylsilica (C-18) packing and gradient elution with methanol-tetrahydrofuran. On-column instrument detection limits, as measured by selected ion monitoring on the singly charged molecular ion of each PAH, were found to be 0.15-0.60 ng for PAHs with molecular weights up to 352 u and 2-4 ng for PAHs with molecular weights greater than 352 u. Instrument response was generally linear for PAHs with molecular weights 300-352 u and generally nonlinear for PAHs with molecular weights greater than 352 u. The PB electron impact mass spectra of the PAHs were found to vary with the ion distribution ratio of the singly charged molecular ion to the doubly charged molecular ion, dependent on molecular weight, ion source temperature, and concentration. Analysis by PB LC-MS was applied to extracts of PAH-spiked soil and a PAH-contaminated soil from the Pacific Northwest. Target analyte concentrations in the PAH-contaminated soil ranged from 0.85 to 84 mu g/g. Quantitative estimates for nontarget PAHs also were determined. Analysis of a second soil extract from a hazardous waste site in the northeast part of the United States displayed isomeric patterns of high-molecular-weight PAHs similar to those of the Pacific Northwest extract. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL,LAS VEGAS,NV. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 7 BP 597 EP 607 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(95)00249-D PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RJ018 UT WOS:A1995RJ01800007 PM 24214357 ER PT J AU BOURNE, RG MASSEY, S ROLLE, E MEIGHEN, B AF BOURNE, RG MASSEY, S ROLLE, E MEIGHEN, B TI DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE STATE GROUND-WATER-PROTECTION PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a new approach to achieving national ground-water-protection goals, giving states primary responsibility for coordinating all activities associated with ground-water protection. This strategy represents a bold attempt to create a cohesive, planned approach to ground-water protection, where resources at all levels of government are directed by state-derived goals and priorities based on assessments of use, value, and vulnerability on a localized scale. If states are responsive to this new approach, and likewise the resources of federal agencies are guided by state rather than federally determined priorities, limited resources can be used much more effectively toward attaining ground-water-protection goals. EPA Region IV selected Alabama as the pilot state in the Southeast to develop a comprehensive state ground-water-protection program under the new EPA guidelines. Alabama chose to use a consensus-building process to engage all the interested parties in developing the program. In the course of the project, EPA's program development guidelines and processes for evaluating state programs were clarified. These are necessary components of the planning process. C1 ALABAMA DEPT ENVIR MGMT,GROUND WATER BRANCH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130. US EPA,GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30365. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GRAD CLITY PLNG PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP BOURNE, RG (reprint author), GEORGIA TECH RES INST,COLL ARCHITECTURE,SE NEGOTIAT NETWORK,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1995)121:4(294) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA RE385 UT WOS:A1995RE38500002 ER PT J AU MERCER, RR COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD AF MERCER, RR COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD TI EFFECTS OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO LOW-DOSES OF NITRIC-OXIDE OR NITROGEN-DIOXIDE ON THE ALVEOLAR SEPTA OF THE ADULT-RAT LUNG SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE LUNG PATHOLOGY; MORPHOMETRY; TOXICOLOGY ID PERSISTENT PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; PEROXYNITRITE; FIBROBLASTS; TOXICITY; NEWBORN; FIBERS; CELLS; OZONE; NO2 AB BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are common copollutants resulting. from combustion processes such as the burning of fossil fuels and tobacco smoke. The relative toxicity of these two pollutants has not been adequately addressed. Separate low level exposures to each of these two poUutants were carried out to allow comparisons of relative health risks. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Male rats were exposed to either NO or NO2 for 9 weeks at 0.5 ppm with twice daily, 1-hour spikes to 1.5 ppm. Lungs from five rats in each exposed group and from rats from a clean air control group were preserved by vascular perfusion of fixative and were embedded for sectioning. The number of fenestrations in alveolar septa of the lung was determined by using serial sections to directly count the number of fenestrae in a known volume of lung. RESULTS: The average number of fenestrae was 328 +/- 156 x 10(3) (mean +/- SE, n = 5) per lung in the NO group. In the NO2 exposure group, there were 99 +/- 42 x 10(3) fenestrae per lung. The number of fenestrae per lung in the controls (9 +/- 9 x 10(3)) was not statistically different from zero. The number of fenestrae in the NO group was significantly greater than that in the control or NO2 groups. Analyses of total parenchymal cells per lung demonstrated a statistically significant 29% reduction in the number of interstitial cells in the NO group. There were no significant differences in the numbers of other types of cells between the control and exposed groups. The thickness of the interstitial space was reduced in the NO group (0.24 +/- 0.02 mu m versus 0.32 +/- 0.02 mu m in controls) but not in the NO2 group (0.29 +/- 0.02 mu m). Epithelial cell thickness did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Focal degeneration of interstitial cells, interstitial matrix, and connective tissue fibers is the principal injury resulting from low level NO exposure. NO is significantly more potent than NO2 in the production of these defects in the interstitial spaces of alveolar septa. Although limited in number and size, the formation of fenestrae by atrophy of the interstitial spaces is similar to the initial steps in an emphysema-like destruction of alveolar septa. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MERCER, RR (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,BOX 3177,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA RJ730 UT WOS:A1995RJ73000003 PM 7603036 ER PT J AU Brumley, WC AF Brumley, WC TI Environmental applications of capillary electrophoresis for organic pollutant determination SO LC GC-MAGAZINE OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDIRECT FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; INDIRECT UV DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION; SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ANIONIC BORATE COMPLEXES; SITU CHARGED MICELLES; 11 PRIORITY PHENOLS RP Brumley, WC (reprint author), US EPA,EXPOSURE RES LAB,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 161 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0888-9090 J9 LC GC-MAG SEP SCI JI LC GC-Mag. Sep. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 7 BP 556 EP & PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VG459 UT WOS:A1995VG45900004 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM KEHN, LS GILBERT, ME AF CROFTON, KM KEHN, LS GILBERT, ME TI VEHICLE AND ROUTE DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF A PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE, DELTAMETHRIN, ON MOTOR FUNCTION IN THE RAT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE; DELTAMETHRIN; MOTOR FUNCTION ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; NEUROTOXICITY AB Deltamethrin is a potent neuroactive pyrethroid insecticide. Literature reports of the in vivo potency of deltamethrin, however, vary by greater than three orders of magnitude in studies employing numerous vehicles and routes of exposure. Therefore, the present study systematically compared IP and PO routes of exposure to deltamethrin (0.3-1000 mg/kg) delivered to adult rats in one of four different vehicles (corn oil, glycerol formal, Emulphor(R), or methylcellulose). A reduction in motor activity as measured in figure-8 mazes was used to index the potency of this pesticide on CNS function. Dose-effect and time-course determinations were made for each combination of vehicle and route. Results demonstrated that the potency of deltamethrin was dependent on both the route of administration and the vehicle. The ED(50) for deltamethrin was 5.1 mg/kg when administered PO in corn oil, whereas, the ED(50) was > 1000 mg/kg when administered PO in methylcellulose. Thus, reported discrepancies in the potency of deltamethrin on CNS function are at least partially attributable to route of administration and vehicle. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27759. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(95)00008-F PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA RK959 UT WOS:A1995RK95900011 PM 7565495 ER PT J AU BUEKENS, P WILCOX, AJ KIELY, J MASUYSTROOBANT, G AF BUEKENS, P WILCOX, AJ KIELY, J MASUYSTROOBANT, G TI BIRTH-WEIGHT, PRETERM BIRTHS AND NEONATAL-MORTALITY IN BELGIUM AND THE UNITED-STATES SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; WEIGHT AB Belgium is known to have a lesser low birthweight rate and a lower infant mortality rate than the United States. We used previously unpublished data to show that beneath this comparison lies a more complicated picture. Singleton live birth certificates for 1986-87 were analysed. Despite a lower mean birthweight in Belgium (3360 g) than in the United States (3420 g), Belgium had fewer (4.9%) low birthweight infants than the US (5.9%) because of fewer preterm births (4.4 vs. 9.3%). Consistent with the excess of preterm births in the US, the residual distribution of birthweight was smaller in Belgium (2.2% vs. 3.1%). Whereas neonatal mortality was 4.8/1000 in Belgium and 5.6/1000 in the US, birthweight-specific neonatal mortality was higher in Belgium. The challenge for Belgium is to improve the survival of newborns regardless of their birthweight. In the US, the task is to eliminate the excess of small preterm infants. C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST DEMOG,LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RP BUEKENS, P (reprint author), FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,SCH PUBL HLTH,808 ROUTE LENNIK,B-1070 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00143.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RH869 UT WOS:A1995RH86900005 PM 7479276 ER PT J AU KERN, JS AF KERN, JS TI GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF SOIL WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY IN THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The geographic patterns of soil water-holding capacity are important for studying the response of vegetation and water supply to climate change. This study was conducted to evaluate which dataset to use for national-scale water balance modeling. Spatial databases of soil properties for the contiguous USA were derived from the USDA national soil database (NATSGO) and the United Nations soil map of the world. The NATSGO data generally resulted in finer textures, greater rock fragment content, and more shallow soils. The organic matter content in the surface was similar, but the NATSGO database did not contain sufficient information to estimate organic matter content of the lower soil. The Rawls model was used to estimate soil water-holding capacity of the 0- to 50-cm depth from particle-size distribution, organic matter content, rock fragment content, and soil depth data. The Saxton model was used to estimate the water-holding capacity of the 50- to 150-cm depth interval, because it didn't require organic matter data. The water-holding capacity in the surface layer based on the NATSGO data was larger than that based on the soil map of the world despite greater rock fragment contents and shallower soil depths. There were few similarities in the water-holding capacities of the 50- to 150-cm depth layer because of large differences in rock fragment content and soil depth. The NATSGO dataset is recommended because the map unit composition was based on a statistical framework with a large sample size and it better characterizes rock fragment content and soil depth. RP KERN, JS (reprint author), US EPA,RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1133 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700026 ER PT J AU KERN, JS AF KERN, JS TI EVALUATION OF SOIL-WATER RETENTION MODELS BASED ON BASIC SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNSATURATED SOILS; LIMITED DATA; TEXTURE AB Algorithms to model soil Hater retention are needed to study the response of vegetation and hydrologic systems to climate change. The objective of this study was to evaluate some soil water retention models to identify minimum input data requirements. Six models that function with various combinations of particle-size distribution, bulk density (rho(b)), and soil organic matter data Here tested using data for nearly 6000 pedons. The Rawls model, which requires particle-size distribution and organic matter data, had the low est overall absolute value of the mean error (ME) with 0.020, 0.001, and 0.007 m(3) H2O m(-3) soil for matric soil water pressures of -10, -33, and -1500 kPa, respectively. The Saxton model, which requires particle-size distribution data, had small MEs (0.018 and 0.007 m(3) H2O m(-3) soil) for -10 and -1500 kPa matric soil water pressures, and a moderately small ME (0.017 m(3) H2O m(-3) soil) at -33 kPa. The Vereecken model, which requires rho(b), particle-size distribution, and organic matter data, had small MEs (0.016 and 0.009 m(3) H2O m(-3) soil) at matric soil water pressures of -10 and -33 kPa, with a larger ME (0.020 m(3) H2O m(-3) soil) at -1500 kPa. The remaining three models had relatively large MEs for at least two of the three matric soil water pressures. For estimating water-holding capacity only, the Saxton model is adequate. The Rawls model is recommended for characterizing the relationship of water content to matric soil water pressure. RP KERN, JS (reprint author), US EPA,RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 30 TC 92 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1141 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700027 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ GRAY, LE MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA MILLER, DB AF GORDON, CJ GRAY, LE MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA MILLER, DB TI TEMPERATURE REGULATION AND METABOLISM IN RATS EXPOSED PERINATALLY TO DIOXIN - PERMANENT CHANGE IN REGULATED BODY-TEMPERATURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Note ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; HYPOTHYROXINEMIA; THERMOGENESIS AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to lower thyroxine levels and cause hypothermia in the adult rat; however, there is little known regarding the perinatal effects of TCDD on metabolism and temperature regulation of the offspring. To address this issue, thermoregulatory responses were assessed in adult male rat offspring exposed perinatally to 1.0 mu g TCDD/kg body wt by gavage on Gestational Day 15. Individual castrated offspring were placed in a gradient-layer calorimeter for 5 hr during their nocturnal period while ambient temperature (T-a) was maintained at 10, 16, 24, or 28 degrees C. Metabolic rate (M), as measured from the total heat loss in the calorimeter, was determined along with evaporative heat loss (EHL), dry thermal conductance, and body core temperature (T-c). Animals exposed to TCDD had a significantly lower body temperature at T(a)s of 10, 16, and 24 degrees C and a higher thermal conductance. M was unaffected by TCDD, indicating that TCDD did not impair the effector to regulate T,during cold exposure. EHL was also unaffected by TCDD. Skin blood flow of the interscapular area was measured in anesthetized rats with laser Doppler velocimetry and found to be the same in control and TCDD groups. The reduction in body temperature over a wide range of T(a)s concomitant with normal thermoregulatory effector function suggests that perinatal exposure to TCDD results in a reduction in the regulated body temperature (i.e., decrease in set-point). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,CTR CUTANEOUS PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 133 IS 1 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1138 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RH954 UT WOS:A1995RH95400019 PM 7597705 ER PT J AU Horstman, DH Ball, BA Brown, J Gerrity, T Folinsbee, LJ AF Horstman, DH Ball, BA Brown, J Gerrity, T Folinsbee, LJ TI Comparison of pulmonary responses of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects performing light exercise while exposed to a low level of ozone SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma; light exercise; ozone; prolonged exposure; pulmonary function ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; MODERATE EXERCISE; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; UNITED-STATES; 0.12 PPM; HEALTHY AB To determine if asthmatic subjects (ASTH, n = 17) experience greater O-3-induced pulmonary decrements than nonasthmatic subjects (NONA, n = 13), both groups were exposed for 7.6 h to both clean air and 0.16 ppm O-3. Exposures consisted of seven 50-min periods of light exercise (V-E = 14.2 and 15.3 l/min/m(2) for ASTH and NONA, respectively), each followed by 10 min rest. A 35-min lunch period followed the third exercise. Following O-3 exposure, decrements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1) divided by forced viral capacity (FVC), corrected for air exposure, for ASTH (-19.4 +/- 3.1 % and 6.2 +/- 2%, respectively) were significantly greater (p = 0.04 and 0.02) than for NONA (-9.8 +/- 1.9% and -1 +/- 1%, respectively). There was no difference (p = 0.33) for decrements in FVC between ASTH (-11.8 +/- 1.9%) and NONA (-8.8 +/- 2.1%). Nine of 17 ASTH experienced wheezing with O-3, while only one experienced wheezing with air (p = 0.004); no NONA experienced wheezing. Six of 17 ASTH requested inhaled P-agonist bronchodilator prior to and/or during O-3 exposure and experienced some temporary alleviation of decrements. At end exposure, however, ASTH who were medicated had greater Os-induced decrements than those who were not medicated. ASTH who had the larger Os-induced decrements had lower baseline FEV(1)/FVC and lower baseline %predicted FEV(1). These data indicate that in ASTH, unlike NONA, some portion of O-3-induced pulmonary decrements experienced was related to bronchoconstriction, and that O-3-responsiveness for ASTH depended upon baseline airway status. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US DEPT VET AFFAIRS,MED RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Horstman, DH (reprint author), US EPA,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH MD58B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 369 EP 385 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TK629 UT WOS:A1995TK62900001 PM 8748419 ER PT J AU KOVALEV, VA AF KOVALEV, VA TI SENSITIVITY OF THE LIDAR SOLUTION TO ERRORS OF THE AEROSOL BACKSCATTER-TO-EXTINCTION RATIO - INFLUENCE OF A MONOTONIC CHANGE IN THE AEROSOL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; INVERSION PROBLEMS; BACKSCATTERING; EXTINCTION ID PROFILES AB Unlike other errors in the lidar equation solution for the two-component atmosphere, the error of the measured aerosol extinction coefficient caused by inaccuracies in the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratios significantly depends on the aerosol spatial inhomogeneity. In a slightly nonhomogeneous atmosphere, an incorrect value in the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio does not significantly corrupt the measurement result, whereas in an atmosphere with a large monotonic change of the aerosol extinction [e.g., in the lower troposphere], the incorrect value yields a large distortion of the retrieved extinction-coefficient profile. In the latter case, even the far-end solution can produce a large error in the retrieved extinction coefficient. The analytical formulas for the determination of the range errors, obtained for the Klett and the optical-depth solutions, show that these errors significantly depend on the method of the boundary-condition determination. Distortions of the retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are, in general, larger if the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio is underestimated in relation to the real value. RP KOVALEV, VA (reprint author), US EPA,US NATL ACAD SCI,NATL RES COUNCIL,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 18 BP 3457 EP 3462 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA RC496 UT WOS:A1995RC49600038 PM 21052160 ER PT J AU TARR, MA MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG AF TARR, MA MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG TI DIRECT CARBON-MONOXIDE PHOTOPRODUCTION FROM PLANT MATTER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-OXIDATIVE PRODUCTION; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSUMPTION; VEGETATION; CO AB Initial studies to quantify direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from several plant species are reported. In addition to measuring CO emissions from live plant leaves, emission rates from dead leaf matter were also determined. Senescent leaf matter photoproduced CO at rates that ranged from 1.3 to 5.4 times higher per unit area than living leaves, and dead leaves photoproduced CO about an order of magnitude more rapidly than living leaves. It may therefore be necessary to incorporate CO photoproduction from dead plant matter into predictions of global CO emissions from plants. Methods are presented for direct measurement of CO photoproduction from live, intact leaves, from excised leaves, and from fallen leaves. Although these techniques were initially used for laboratory studies, they are directly applicable to field studies. Results of mechanistic studies indicate that oxygen affects CO photoproduction but that carbon dioxide exhibits no direct influence. Formation of CO was shown to be the result of direct photochemical transformation on or in the plant matter. Furthermore, for live plant leaves, CO photoproduction was observed to occur internal to the leaf. RP TARR, MA (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 960 COLL STN RD, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA. NR 33 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11403 EP 11413 DI 10.1029/94JD03324 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100029 ER PT J AU NIE, D KLEINDIENST, TE ARNTS, RR SICKLES, JE AF NIE, D KLEINDIENST, TE ARNTS, RR SICKLES, JE TI THE DESIGN ARID TESTING OF A RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FLUX MEASUREMENT; CO2 AB A flux measuring system has been developed based on relaxed eddy accumulation (REA, or conditional sampling) methodology. The system uses sampling tubes packed with solid substrates to collect air samples for determining the average concentration of compounds of interest. It has been designed for measuring fluxes of various trace gas species by using appropriate. solid substrates in the tubes. The chief advantages to this design are the following: (1) the placement of pump and flow control apparatus are located downstream of the sampling tubes to eliminate Sample heating and reduce contamination of the sample stream; (2) the addition of a zero gas channel available to the sampling tubes improves the flow stability without diluting the sample; (3) the design permits the use of multiple sample tube magazines to allow sequential runs without interruption; and (4) the; use of compact, easily transportable sampling tubes permits analyses to be conducted gt an off-site laboratory where analytical conditions a;re better controlled. The REA system was tested by measuring water vapor flux under held conditions;and the resulting measurements are compared with those ma;de using a Bowen ratio system. The two methods gave similar results with fluxes values that agreed within 12%, although the measurements from the REA system were generally higher than those from the Bowen ratio method. C1 US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP NIE, D (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, POB 12313, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11415 EP 11423 DI 10.1029/95JD01042 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100030 ER PT J AU PRINCIPE, PP AF PRINCIPE, PP TI PHARMACEUTICAL VALUE ESTIMATES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP PRINCIPE, PP (reprint author), US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 16 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5217 BP 1551 EP 1551 DI 10.1126/science.268.5217.1551 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RD459 UT WOS:A1995RD45900006 PM 17754593 ER PT J AU KELCE, WR STONE, CR LAWS, SC GRAY, LE KEMPPAINEN, JA WILSON, EM AF KELCE, WR STONE, CR LAWS, SC GRAY, LE KEMPPAINEN, JA WILSON, EM TI PERSISTENT DDT METABOLITE P,P'-DDE IS A POTENT ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; RAT; BINDING; PROSTATE; ANALOGS AB THE increase in the number of reports of abnormalities in male sex development in wildlife and humans coincided with the introduction of 'oestrogenic' chemicals such as DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) into the environment, Although these phenotypic alterations are thought to be mediated by the oestrogen receptor, they are also consistent with inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated events, Here we report that the major and persistent DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene), has little ability to bind the oestrogen receptor, but inhibits androgen binding to the androgen receptor, androgen-induced transcriptional activity, and androgen action in developing, pubertal and adult male rats, The results suggest that abnormalities in male sex development induced by p,p'-DDE and related environmental chemicals may be mediated at the level of the androgen receptor. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,REPROD BIOL LABS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP KELCE, WR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI gray jr, leon earl/0000-0002-1111-4754 NR 29 TC 1073 Z9 1124 U1 18 U2 105 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6532 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1038/375581a0 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RD287 UT WOS:A1995RD28700049 PM 7791873 ER PT J AU STYBLO, M DELNOMDEDIEU, M HUGHES, MF THOMAS, DJ AF STYBLO, M DELNOMDEDIEU, M HUGHES, MF THOMAS, DJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF METHYLATED METABOLITES OF INORGANIC ARSENIC BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INVITRO; AS-74; MICE AB TLC on cellulose plates was used to identify methylated products of inorganic arsenic metabolism (monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate) in biological samples. Two solvent systems were tested: methanol-ammonium hydroxide (8:2) and isopropanol-acetic acid-water (10:1:2.5). The latter solvent system produced the most satisfactory separation of radiolabelled methylated arsenic compounds in aqueous solution, in rat liver cytosol incubated with carrier-free or 1 mu M [As-73]arsenite and in urine of mice given carrier-free [As-73]arsenate or 5 mg of [As-73]arsenate/kg per os. Oxidation of samples by hydrogen peroxide improved the separation and quantitation of monomethylarsonate in both biological matrices. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP STYBLO, M (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD JUN 9 PY 1995 VL 668 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00053-L PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RD565 UT WOS:A1995RD56500003 PM 7550978 ER PT J AU RODES, CE KAMENS, RM WIENER, RW AF RODES, CE KAMENS, RM WIENER, RW TI EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF CONTAMINANT DISPERSION NEAR THE BODY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; SAMPLER; DUST AB Experimental considerations are discussed for conducting controlled studies of the dispersion of contaminants released near a mannequin. A 183 cm X 183 cm cross section wind tunnel was modified to study the low velocity range of 10 to 100 cm/sec (20 to 200 ft/min). Installation of a removable biplanar slat grid produced turbulent intensities up to 15%. The results of validation testing for selected experimental components are reported including (1) a minimum, unambiguous velocity measurement capability of 2.0 cm/sec (4.0 ft/min); (2) a minimum required integration interval for velocity and contaminant measurements of at least 3 min; (3) a determination that smoke streamline plume settling may be a problem at velocities less than or equal to similar to 15 cm/sec (similar to 30 ft/min); (4) a determination that a 14% tunnel blockage by the mannequin was not of consequence for frontal measurements; and (5) a finding that the biplanar grid produced turbulence spectra representative of low velocity indoor settings. A deceleration zone was noted that extended 50 cm upstream from the mannequin, with freestream velocities reduced 50 to 60%, 2.5 cm from the chest. A contaminant tracer released as a point source 60 cm upstream typically dispersed laterally only 10 to 15 cm and diluted by a factor of 10(4) before reaching the chest. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP RODES, CE (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 6 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0535:ECFTSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ898 UT WOS:A1995QZ89800002 PM 7778524 ER PT J AU PINKERTON, L BIAGINI, R WARD, E HULL, R BOENIGER, M SCHNORR, T LUSTER, M AF PINKERTON, L BIAGINI, R WARD, E HULL, R BOENIGER, M SCHNORR, T LUSTER, M TI A STUDY OF THE IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LEAD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27799. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800027 ER PT J AU DONEGAN, KK PALM, CJ FIELAND, VJ PORTEOUS, LA GANIO, LM SCHALLER, DL BUCAO, LQ SEIDLER, RJ AF DONEGAN, KK PALM, CJ FIELAND, VJ PORTEOUS, LA GANIO, LM SCHALLER, DL BUCAO, LQ SEIDLER, RJ TI CHANGES IN LEVELS, SPECIES AND DNA FINGERPRINTS OF SOIL-MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH COTTON EXPRESSING THE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR KURSTAKI ENDOTOXIN SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOIL MICROBIOLOGY; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PLANTS; RISK ASSESSMENT ID FIELD PERFORMANCE; PLANTS; INSECT; COMMUNITY; PROTEIN AB An important aspect of the risk assessment of pesticidal transgenic plants is the potential for detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem from residual plant material following harvesting and tillage. We evaluated this concern by placing leaves of three different lines of cotton genetically engineered to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) endotoxin in soil and monitoring numbers and species of indigenous soil bacteria and fungi. Four experiments, lasting 28 or 56 days, were performed using combinations of the following treatments: (1) soil only; (2) soil + purified B,t,k. toxin; (3) soil + parental cotton; (4) soil + purified B.t,k, toxin + parental cotton; (5) soil + B,t.k, toxin-producing cotton. Two of the three transgenic cotton lines caused a transient increase in total bacterial and fungal population levels that was significantly higher on several sample days in the experiments than the levels in the other treatments. In contrast, neither the third transgenic cotton line nor the purified B.t,k. toxins had any significant effects on the total numbers of bacteria and fungi. Transient changes in bacterial species composition, measured by biochemical tests of individual cultures, community substrate utilization and DNA fingerprinting, were also observed in treatments with the two transgenic plant lines. The plant line specificity of the response, and the lack of effects from the purified B,t,k, toxins, suggest that the observed effects of the two transgenic plant lines on soil microorganisms may not have resulted from the plants' production of B.t,k, toxin, We suggest that genetic manipulation or tissue culturing of the plants may have produced a change in plant characteristics, aside from B.t.k. toxin production, that can influence growth and species composition of soil microorganisms. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP DONEGAN, KK (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 40 TC 165 Z9 253 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(94)00043-7 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RK129 UT WOS:A1995RK12900005 ER PT J AU ROGERS, KR AF ROGERS, KR TI BIOSENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE BIOSENSOR; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; IMMUNOSENSOR AB The high cost and slow turnaround times typically associated with the measurement of regulated pollutants clearly indicates a need for environmental screening and monitoring methods which are fast, portable, and cost-effective. To meet this need, a variety of held analytical methods have been introduced, a number of which are commercially available or under development. Because of their unique characteristics, however, technologies such as biosensors might be exploited to fill specific niche applications in the environmental monitoring area. Although the potential environmental market is large, there are a number of technical and commercial obstacles which must be addressed before biosensors or other field analytical technologies have a significant impact on environmental monitoring. Some of these obstacles include the large number of potential pollutants and broad range of their chemical classes; the broad range and complexity of environmental matrices; the variety of possible cocontaminants; the wide dynamic range of pollutant concentrations; lack of well-established data quality expectations by potential users; lack of sufficient markets for specific applications; and regulatory acceptance requirements. This paper will focus primarily on challenges and possible opportunities for the development of biosensors for environmental monitoring applications. RP ROGERS, KR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 18 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 10 IS 6-7 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1016/0956-5663(95)96929-S PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RH052 UT WOS:A1995RH05200005 ER PT J AU BAKER, WE EMMITT, GD ROBERTSON, F ATLAS, RM MOLINARI, JE BOWDLE, DA PAEGLE, J HARDESTY, RM MENZIES, RT KRISHNAMURTI, TN BROWN, RA POST, MJ ANDERSON, JR LORENC, AC MCELROY, J AF BAKER, WE EMMITT, GD ROBERTSON, F ATLAS, RM MOLINARI, JE BOWDLE, DA PAEGLE, J HARDESTY, RM MENZIES, RT KRISHNAMURTI, TN BROWN, RA POST, MJ ANDERSON, JR LORENC, AC MCELROY, J TI LIDAR-MEASURED WINDS FROM SPACE - A KEY COMPONENT FOR WEATHER AND CLIMATE PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL BACKSCATTER; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; DOPPLER LIDAR; CO2-LASER WAVELENGTHS; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; CO2 LIDAR; AIRBORNE; SIMULATION AB The deployment of a space-based Doppler lidar would provide information that is fundamental to advancing the understanding and prediction of weather and climate. This paper reviews the concepts of wind measurement by Doppler lidar, highlights the results of some observing system simulation experiments with lidar winds, and discusses the important advances in earth system science anticipated with lidar winds. Observing system simulation experiments, conducted using two different general circulation models, have shown 1) that there is a significant improvement in the forecast accuracy over the Southern Hemisphere and tropical oceans resulting from the assimilation of simulated satellite wind data, and 2) that wind data are significantly more effective than temperature or moisture data in controlling analysis error. Because accurate wind observations are currently almost entirely unavailable for the vast majority of tropical cyclones worldwide, lidar winds have the potential to substantially improve tropical cyclone forecasts. Similarly, to improve water vapor flux divergence calculations, a direct measure of the ageostrophic wind is needed since the present level of uncertainty cannot be reduced with better temperature and moisture soundings alone. C1 SIMPSON WEATHER ASSOCIATES,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. UNIV ALABAMA,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. NASA,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNITED KINGDOM METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL,BERKS,ENGLAND. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP BAKER, WE (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; NR 99 TC 111 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 76 IS 6 BP 869 EP 888 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0869:LMWFSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG210 UT WOS:A1995RG21000002 ER PT J AU COUCH, JA AF COUCH, JA TI INVADING AND METASTASIZING CARDIAC HEMANGIOENDOTHELIAL NEOPLASMS IN A COHORT OF THE FISH RIVULUS-MARMORATUS - UNUSUALLY HIGH PREVALENCE, HISTOPATHOLOGY, AND POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIES SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RETINOIC ACID AB An unusually high, unprecedented prevalence of cardiac hemangioendotheliomata, including hemangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, and hemangioendotheliosarcomas, was found in a laboratory cohort of the small, teleost fish Rivulus marmoratus. The neoplasms occurred in 51 of 204 fish (25%) used in a carcinogenicity study of butylated hydroxyanisole fed in a lyophilized chicken liver diet for up to 9 months, The cardiac neoplasms occurred in approximately equal numbers of both control (fed lyophilized chicken liver but not exposed to butylated hydroxyanisole) and exposed (fed 0.8% butylated hydroxyanisole in chicken liver) fish, The neoplasms occurred in the bulbus arteriosus and ventricle (accompanied by an intense epicarditis), and in some cases, in the gills. At least one case of hemangioma was characterized by cavernous vessels in the bulbar wall, Hemangioendothelioma cases consisted of pleomorphic endothelial cells that formed continuous tracts and anastomosing, typical vascular channels of varying sizes. The hemangioendotheliosarcomas consisted of atypical, spindle, polygonal, or round endothelial cells that formed solid tumor masses that contained abnormal vessels with atypical endothelium tufting into their lumina. Some fish had neoplasm cases containing varying regions with mixtures of the above Features. Incipient neoplasms occurred on/in the semilunar valves, and their cells appeared to invade the adjacent walls of the bulbus and/or the ventricle. The gill lesions represented possible metastatic neoplasms, probably formed by atypical endothelial cells that exfoliated from the edges of cardiac neoplasms into the lumina of the ventricle or bulbus and were then pumped to the arterioles of the gills via the ventral aorta. Fish examined from the original colony in the laboratory and from the wild had no neoplasms. Possible causes are discussed, and studies are under way in an attempt to determine the etiology of the neoplasm and to evaluate Rivulus marmoratus as a possible model organism for study of these types of cardiac neoplasms. RP COUCH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2438 EP 2447 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RA145 UT WOS:A1995RA14500038 PM 7757998 ER PT J AU LEWISBEVAN, L LITTLE, SB RABINOWITZ, JR AF LEWISBEVAN, L LITTLE, SB RABINOWITZ, JR TI QUANTUM-MECHANICAL STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITIES OF THE DIOL EPOXIDES OF BENZO[C]PHENANTHRENE SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FJORD-REGION; MUTAGENICITY; ENANTIOMERS; MODELS; AM1 AB Benzo[c]phenanthrene has a crowded bay region that has been called a fiord region. As a result of the interaction between the atoms across the fjord region, it is a nonplanar molecule with a significant barrier between two helical structures. The crowding in the fjord region also affects the three-dimensional structure of the fjord region diol epoxide. Quantum mechanical studies have been performed to determine the structure and reactivities of the fjord region dial epoxides. Eight local minimum energy three-dimensional structures have been found for the trans diol of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxybenzo[c]phenanthrene 1,2-epoxide. They can be characterized by three dichotomies: one between syn and anti, one between quasidiaxial and quasidiequatorial, and the third that depends on nonplanarity of the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon due to interactions in the crowded bay region, that we have named ''in'' and ''out'' based on the position of the epoxide oxygen relative to the distal ring. The structures with the epoxide oxygen on the same side of the saturated ring as the distal ring (in-) are more stable than the structures where the epoxide is on the opposite side (out-). The calculated lowest energy syn and anti structures for the diol epoxide of benzo[c]phenanthrene are both in-quasidiequatorial, in agreement with experiment. Analysis of the results indicates that the electrostatic interaction across the fjord region could be responsible far the increased stability of the syn-in-quasidiequatorial structure compared to the syn-in-quasidiaxial structure and the stability of the in- structures in general when compared to the out- structures. These calculations suggests that the electrostatic contribution of the distal ring in the fjord/bay region may play a part in the interaction with nucleophiles. C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP LEWISBEVAN, L (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1021/tx00046a003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA RC056 UT WOS:A1995RC05600004 PM 7548729 ER PT J AU VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG ANKLEY, GT CALL, DJ AF VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG ANKLEY, GT CALL, DJ TI A QSAR ANALYSIS OF SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE PHOTOINDUCED ACUTE TOXICITY OF PAHS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ANTHRACENE AB Photoinduced toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a result of competing effects including stability and light absorbance of the molecules as well as irradiation parameters. The energy difference between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO gap), which can be computed directly from structure, was found to be the molecular descriptor that best distinguishes phototoxic chemicals from non-phototoxic chemicals. Aromatic chemicals that are phototoxic in sunlight have HOMO-LUMO gap energies that fall in the range of 6.7 to 7.5 eV. This study showed that the effect of most substituents on the HOMO-LUMO gap was negligible, and that phototoxicity in an aromatic chemical is likely only if the parent aromatic structure is phototoxic. Exceptions included substituents that add to delocalization (nitro and alkenyl) which could shift some chemicals with a HOMO-LUMO gap just above 7.5 eV into the domain of photoinduced toxicity. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, LAKE SUPER RES INST, SUPERIOR, WI 54880 USA. HIGHER INST CHEM TECHNOL, BU-8010 BURGAS, BULGARIA. RP VEITH, GD (reprint author), US EPA, 6201 CONGDON BLVD, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. NR 18 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2129 EP 2142 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00076-K PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC346 UT WOS:A1995RC34600009 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, SM POZIOMEK, EJ ENGELMANN, WH ROGERS, KR AF STEINBERG, SM POZIOMEK, EJ ENGELMANN, WH ROGERS, KR TI A REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOLUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT-DNA TECHNOLOGY; PHOTOBACTERIUM-PHOSPHOREUM; CHEMICAL TOXICITY; FIBEROPTIC SENSOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROTOX TEST; LUMINESCENT BACTERIA; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; HAZARDOUS-WASTE AB This review of the recent literature on environmental applications of bioluminescence systems will focus on in vivo and in vitro bioluminescence methods that have been utilized to elucidate properties of chemicals, toxic and mutagenic effects, and to estimate biomass. The unifying theme was the applications of bioluminescence to environmental monitoring, remedial investigations, toxicity assessments, and field methods. In addition to standard analytical laboratory methods and emerging field methods used for environmental monitoring, there currently exist a need for rapid and cost-effective methods to determine toxicity and bioavailability of pollutants in contaminated environmental samples. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has continuing interest in innovative technologies for environmental monitoring applications such as those provided by bioluminescence methods. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, NORFOLK, VA 23529 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. RP STEINBERG, SM (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA, DEPT CHEM, LAS VEGAS, NV 89154 USA. NR 168 TC 118 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2155 EP 2197 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00087-O PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC346 UT WOS:A1995RC34600011 ER PT J AU SINOKROT, BA STEFAN, HG MCCORMICK, JH EATON, JG AF SINOKROT, BA STEFAN, HG MCCORMICK, JH EATON, JG TI MODELING OF CLIMATE-CHANGE EFFECTS ON STREAM TEMPERATURES AND FISH HABITATS BELOW DAMS AND NEAR GROUNDWATER INPUTS SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article AB A deterministic heat transport model was developed to calculate stream water temperatures downstream of reservoir outlets (tailwaters) and groundwater sources. The model calculates heat exchange between the atmosphere, the water and the sediments and is driven by climate and stream hydrologic parameters. Past and projected climate conditions were used as input to the stream water temperature model. To produce a projected future weather scenario, output from the Columbia University Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global circulation model (GCM) for a doubling of atmospheric CO2 were used to adjust past (1955-1979) weather parameters. Stream reach lengths, within which water temperatures are suitable for survival or good growth of 28 fish species, were determined for four selected streams. Several alternative upstream inflow conditions were chosen: Discharges from surface (epilimnion) and bottom (hypolimnion) outlets of reservoirs, and two groundwater inflow scenarios. By applying water temperature criteria for fish survival and good growth (Stefan et al., 1993) to simulated stream temperatures, it was possible to estimate stream lengths with suitable habitat. When simulated suitable habitat was compared to actual fish observations, good agreement was found. For projected climate change, the simulations showed how much of the available stream habitat would be lost. In the examples presented the effect of cold hypolimnetic water release from a reservoir or groundwater discharges is felt as far as 48 km (30 miles) downstream from its source, especially in smaller shaded streams. The impact of climate change on stream temperatures below dams is more pronounced when the water release is from the epilimnion (reservoir surface) rather than the hypolimnion (deep water). Examples used for this study show elimination of coldwater habitat for rainbow trout when the upstream release is from the surface of a reservoir, but only reductions of coldwater habitat when the upstream release is from a reservoir hypolimnion. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAUL LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP SINOKROT, BA (reprint author), WENCK ASSOCIATES INC,MAPLE PLAIN,MN 55359, USA. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 181 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF01091841 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF032 UT WOS:A1995RF03200004 ER PT J AU OVERTON, JH GRAHAM, RC AF OVERTON, JH GRAHAM, RC TI SIMULATION OF THE UPTAKE OF A REACTIVE GAS IN A RAT RESPIRATORY-TRACT MODEL WITH AN ASYMMETRIC TRACHEOBRONCHIAL REGION PATTERNED ON COMPLETE CONDUCTING AIRWAY CAST DATA SO COMPUTERS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS; OZONE; LUNG; SENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE AB Generally, the uptake of reactive gases by the respiratory tract is simulated assuming that all paths from the trachea to the most distal airspaces are equivalent. As this is not the case, especially for nonhumans, the adequacy of this approach to predict doses that can be useful in the fields of toxicology and risk assessment is subject to question. To explore this issue, a dosimetry model is developed which combines the use of one-dimensional convection-dispersion equations in conjunction with multiple path anatomic models so that the dosimetry model simultaneously simulates transport and uptake in all the airways and airspaces of the anatomic model. For this work, the anatomic model of the tracheobronchial (TB) region is patterned on cast data which describe the dimensions and branching network of the 4807 airways of the TB region of a rat. Distal to each of the 2404 terminal bronchioles of the anatomical model, the air space is modeled as a single path. The results presented are preliminary; they focus on the predictions themselves to obtain an understanding of what the model has to say about uptake in a complex set of branching airways. Results include the following predictions: (1) Regardless of path there is a similarity along different paths in the shape of concentration profiles as well as a similarity in the shape of dose profiles. (2) Along a path in the TB or pulmonary region, dose decreases distally. (3) Generally, proximal alveolar region (PAR, a region of major morphological damage due to O-3 and NO2) dose decreases the more distal the PAR. (4) There is considerable variation in the doses of the different airways or alveolar surfaces in the same generation. (5) The maximum and minimum PAR doses do not correspond to paths with, respectively, the smallest and largest number of generations from the trachea to the PAR. (6) The ratio of the maximum to minimum PAR dose is very sensitive to tidal volume. These results give a more realistic understanding of respiratory tract gas transport and uptake. The model also predicts aspects that equivalent path models cannot, such as the dose distribution of different but morphologically equivalent sites. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP OVERTON, JH (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL, PULM TOXICOL BRANCH, MD-82, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0010-4809 J9 COMPUT BIOMED RES JI Comput. Biomed. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 171 EP 190 DI 10.1006/cbmr.1995.1012 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA RH847 UT WOS:A1995RH84700001 PM 7554854 ER PT J AU EATON, JG MCCORMICK, JH STEFAN, HG HONDZO, M AF EATON, JG MCCORMICK, JH STEFAN, HG HONDZO, M TI EXTREME-VALUE ANALYSIS OF A FISH TEMPERATURE-FIELD DATABASE SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE WATER TEMPERATURES; TEMPERATURE STATISTICS; FISH GROWTH; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; FISH AB Extremes of water temperatures limit the presence of various fishes in streams and lakes. Upper extreme water temperatures and their uncertainties are determined by several statistical methods from a large field database. There are over 140 000 weekly mean fish/stream temperature matched pairs in the database. Three different techniques are employed to estimate upper extremes of habitat temperatures for 12 fish species. To quantify the uncertainty of the estimated extremes the bootstrap method, the method of moments and the residual method are applied. The data above the maximum growth temperature are matched well by a type III extremal or a three-parameter lognormal distribution. Standard error of the estimated extreme habitat temperatures depends on species and varies from 0.1 degrees C to 0.6 degrees C at the 95% cumulative probability of occurrence. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAUL LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0925-8574(95)92708-R PG 17 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA RK650 UT WOS:A1995RK65000004 ER PT J AU NESTOR, DV PASURKA, CA AF NESTOR, DV PASURKA, CA TI ALTERNATIVE SPECIFICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL COSTS IN A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM FRAMEWORK SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We use a computational general equilibrium model to demonstrate that commonly-used simplified specifications for environmental control costs do not yield results that are comparable to those obtained when environmental control costs are correctly specified. The results indicate that simplified specifications may perform well when the objective is to qualitatively identify sectors disproportionately affected by environmental regulation, but not when the goal is to estimate the magnitude of the effects. RP NESTOR, DV (reprint author), US EPA,ECON ANAL & RES BRANCH,2127,401 M ST,SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0165-1765(94)00627-E PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA RK784 UT WOS:A1995RK78400008 ER PT J AU CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WERNSING, P RACINE, RN REIMSCHUESSEL, R AF CORMIER, SM NEIHEISEL, TW WERNSING, P RACINE, RN REIMSCHUESSEL, R TI NEW NEPHRON DEVELOPMENT IN FISH FROM POLLUTED WATERS - A POSSIBLE BIOMARKER SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEPHRONS; KIDNEY; ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ID ATLANTIC TOMCOD; BROWN BULLHEADS; HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE; NEPHROTOXICITY; CARCINOGENS; TRIBUTARIES; NEOPLASMS; EXPOSURE; RIVER; BILE AB Recent evidence has shown that fish have the ability to develop new nephrons following renal injury. This study evaluated the usefulness of quantifying developing nephrons in mature fish as an ecotoxicological assessment tool. Histological sections of kidney were prepared from Atlantic tomcod and brown bullhead specimens collected from reference and contaminated streams. The numbers of developing nephrons and basophilic cell clusters from which the nephrons arise per section area were determined by image analysis. The numbers of basophilic clusters and developing nephrons in tomcod kidney were found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than for the bullhead. In tomcod from the Hudson River, the number of both basophilic clusters and developing nephrons were elevated relative to samples from the less contaminated Saco and Royal Rivers. In bullheads, when analysis was conducted over several seasons, the number of basophilic clusters and developing nephrons from Cuyahoga River samples were elevated relative to samples from the less-contaminated Old Women Creek and Toussaint River. Developing nephrons and basophilic clusters seem to have potential as general indicators of ecological condition, but may be better suited for detection of nephrotoxicity at specific sites. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, CLIN & PHYSIOL INDICATOR BRANCH, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. RP REIMSCHUESSEL, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, 10 S PINE ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1007/BF00116479 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RE972 UT WOS:A1995RE97200001 PM 24197702 ER PT J AU White, CE Kahn, HD AF White, Charles E. Kahn, Henry D. TI Some statistical and conceptual issues in the detection of low-level environmental pollutants Discussion SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article C1 [White, Charles E.; Kahn, Henry D.] US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP White, CE (reprint author), US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/BF00680301 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA V31TK UT WOS:000208905700007 ER PT J AU Sinha, BK Smith, WP Lacayo, H AF Sinha, Bimal K. Smith, William P. Lacayo, Herbert TI Some statistical and conceptual issues in the detection of low-level environmental pollutants Discussion SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article C1 [Sinha, Bimal K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lacayo, Herbert] US EPA, Environm Stat & Informat Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Sinha, BK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF00680302 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA V31TK UT WOS:000208905700008 ER PT J AU Telliard, WA AF Telliard, William A. TI Some statistical and conceptual issues in the detection of low-level environmental pollutants Discussion SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Telliard, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00680303 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA V31TK UT WOS:000208905700009 ER PT J AU Young, L Suk, W AF Young, L Suk, W TI Biodegradation: Its role in reducing toxicity and exposure to environmental contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Agr Mol Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Young, L (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Agr Mol Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 103 SU 5 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA V42AS UT WOS:000202841000001 PM 8565905 ER PT J AU Chapman, PJ Shelton, M Grifoll, M Selifonov, S AF Chapman, PJ Shelton, M Grifoll, M Selifonov, S TI Fossil fuel biodegradation: Laboratory studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; creosote; oil; microorganisms; PAHs; toxicity; metabolites; oxidation ID FLUORENE AB Biodegradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of creosote by undefined bacterial cultures was shown to be accompanied by the accumulation of neutral and acidic oxidation products. Formation of a number of identified neutral products is accounted for by demonstration of anomalous actions of an arene dioxygenase on the benzylic methylene and methylene carbons of napthenoaromatic hydrocarbons. Both neutral and acidic water-soluble fractions are also formed when various mixed bacterial cultures degrade weathered crude oil. While constituents of these fractions are not yet identified, the neutral materials have been shown to be toxic to developing embryos of invertebrates. These observations are discussed in relation to chemical and toxicological assessments of biodegradation of the complex chemical mixtures of fossil fuels. C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Chapman, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RI Grifoll, Magdalena/G-1131-2016 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 103 SU 5 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.2307/3432485 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA V42AS UT WOS:000202841000019 PM 8565917 ER PT J AU FERRARO, SP COLE, FA AF FERRARO, SP COLE, FA TI TAXONOMIC LEVEL SUFFICIENT FOR ASSESSING POLLUTION IMPACTS ON THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT MACROBENTHOS - REVISITED SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMIC SUFFICIENCY; POLLUTION; MACROBENTHOS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT ID COMMUNITY-WIDE PATTERNS; FRIERFJORD-LANGESUNDFJORD; STATISTICAL POWER; PUGET-SOUND; DISTURBANCE; ATTRIBUTES; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; STREAMS AB Taxonomic sufficiency is the pragmatic concept of identifying organisms only to the taxonomic level necessary and sufficient to meet a study's objectives. Sufficient taxonomy was determined for detecting differences in macrobenthic taxa richness, a dominance index, and three diversity indices between a reference and two pollution-impacted stations in the Southern California Bight using a wide variety of sampling protocols. A higher taxonomic level was deemed sufficient for a given measure and sampling protocol if the statistical power of t tests performed on data grouped to it was essentially the same as that when tests were performed on data grouped to all lower taxa. The sufficient taxon for the optimum sampling protocol was phylum except when assessing biological stimulation based on differences in mean log(10)(number of taxa) where it was species. Generic dominance and diversity indices were sufficient independent of the sample units tested (0.02, 0.06, and 0.1 m(2)) and sample size (n greater than or equal to 2). We recommend family-level identification of specimens collected using the optimum sampling protocol when assessing macrobenthic community impacts in the study area because familial analyses are very likely to be sufficient. Confounding effects of sampling variables need to be accounted for when determining the true cost efficiency of and the underlying reason(s) for the sufficiency of higher taxonomy. RP FERRARO, SP (reprint author), HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ERL-N,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 55 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1040 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1031:TLSFAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QZ397 UT WOS:A1995QZ39700014 ER PT J AU KAWABATA, TT BURLESON, GR ERNST, PB ULLRICH, SE AF KAWABATA, TT BURLESON, GR ERNST, PB ULLRICH, SE TI IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY OF REGIONAL LYMPHOID-TISSUE - THE RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS AND SKIN SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOTHECENE VOMITOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; IRRADIATED EPIDERMAL-CELLS; NATURAL-KILLER ACTIVITY; MUCOSAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CD8+ T-CELLS; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; B-CELLS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; LANGERHANS CELLS AB The area of immunotoxicology has grown significantly over the past decade. Most of the research on methods development and validation and mechanisms of action have focused on the systemic immune system (i.e., spleen, thymus). However, since the regional/mucosal immune system plays an important role in host resistance and is also potentially exposed to significant levels of chemicals, it should also be considered a potential target. The objective of this symposium was to increase the awareness and importance of examining the effects of xenobiotics on the regional/mucosal immune response. The speakers presented an overview of the rapidly growing held of regional immunology with emphasis on the respiratory tract, gut, and skin. The complex intercellular distribution and limited number of immune cells within the various regional lymphoid tissue have resulted in the use of a variety of methods to study the immune response of these tissues. These methods and results of studies which examined the effects and mechanisms of action of chemicals and uv light on the regional immune response were discussed. (C) 1995 society of Toxicology. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PEDIAT,GALVESTON,TX 77550. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CIIT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP KAWABATA, TT (reprint author), PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,DEPT HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,DIV CORP PROFESS & REGULATORY SERV,BOX 538707,CINCINNATI,OH 45253, USA. NR 102 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1070 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RC852 UT WOS:A1995RC85200002 PM 7657065 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR AF GOLDMAN, LR TI CASE-STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS TO CHILDREN SO FUTURE OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID RATS AB Doing a better job of protecting children from environmental hazards requires having more and better information about both children's susceptibility and their exposure to toxic substances. There are many critical gaps in knowledge of this issue. This article presents several examples specifically related to children's exposure to pesticides which illustrate environmental risks for children. The cases examined include the risk posed to children by the use of the insecticide aldicarb on bananas, and reported illnesses in children caused by the use of the insecticide diazinon in the home and by the use of interior house paint containing mercury. The cases presented illustrate how regulatory agencies, parents, health care providers, and others who come into contact with children on a regular basis all have roles to play in filling in the information gaps regarding children's exposure to environmental hazards and the deleterious effects of these exposures. RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER FUTURE CHILDREN, DAVID LUCILE PACKARD FOUNDATION PI LOS ALTOS PA 300 SECOND ST, STE 102, LOS ALTOS, CA 94022 SN 1054-8289 J9 FUTURE CHILD JI Future Child. PD SUM-FAL PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.2307/1602355 PG 7 WC Family Studies; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Family Studies; Health Care Sciences & Services; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TC007 UT WOS:A1995TC00700003 PM 8528686 ER PT J AU JOB, C AF JOB, C TI NATIONAL GROUND-WATER QUALITY STRATEGY UPDATE SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP JOB, C (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,DIV GROUND WATER PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0277-1926 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 15 IS 3 BP 84 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00537.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA RR177 UT WOS:A1995RR17700004 ER PT J AU PERDEW, GH ABBOTT, B STANKER, LH AF PERDEW, GH ABBOTT, B STANKER, LH TI PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES DIRECTED AGAINST THE AH RECEPTOR SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Note ID CLONING; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ENHANCER; MOUSE; CDNA; DNA AB Six hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the N-terminal peptide sequence of the murine Ah receptor were isolated, These antibodies bind with high specificity to the Ah receptor on protein blots of Hepa 1c1c7 cytosol. Three IgG(1) antibodies (Rpt 1, 2, and 3) were capable of detecting 2 ng of receptor using peroxidase-goat anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugate on a protein blot. Monoclonal antibody Rpt 9 exhibited the greatest ability to immunoprecipitate the nondenatured 9S form of the Ah receptor and to visualize the AhR on liver tissue sections using immunohistochemical techniques, All of the monoclonal antibodies produced were able to bind to the mouse, rat, and human Ah receptor. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful in a wide number of applications in the study of Ah receptor biochemistry. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP PERDEW, GH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-04869] NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1089/hyb.1995.14.279 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA RF575 UT WOS:A1995RF57500011 PM 7590792 ER PT J AU HILALY, AK SIKDAR, SK AF HILALY, AK SIKDAR, SK TI POLLUTION BALANCE METHOD AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF ITS APPLICATION TO MINIMIZING WASTE IN A BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BATCH DISTILLATION; OPTIMIZATION; EMISSIONS AB In this study, we introduced several, modifications to the WAR (waste reduction) algorithm developed earlier. These modifications were made for systematically handling sensitivity analysis and various tasks of waste minimization. A design hierarchy was formulated to promote appropriate waste reduction tasks at designated levels of the hierarchy. A sensitivity coefficient was used to measure the relative impacts of process variables on the pollution index of a process. The use of the WAR algorithm was demonstrated by a fermentation process for making penicillin. C1 US EPA,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2051 EP 2059 DI 10.1021/ie00045a014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA RC151 UT WOS:A1995RC15100014 ER PT J AU KOOL, JB HUYAKORN, PS SUDICKY, EA AF KOOL, JB HUYAKORN, PS SUDICKY, EA TI A COMPOSITE MODELING APPROACH FOR SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT OF DEGRADING CONTAMINANTS FROM LAND-DISPOSAL SITES (VOL 17, PG 69, 1994) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV WATERLOO,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP KOOL, JB (reprint author), HYDROGEOLOG INC,HERNDON,VA 22070, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 341 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00015-N PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA RG326 UT WOS:A1995RG32600010 ER PT J AU CHURCH, MR BISHOP, GD CASSELL, DL AF CHURCH, MR BISHOP, GD CASSELL, DL TI MAPS OF REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND RUNOFF PRECIPITATION RATIOS IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Regional maps of evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff/precipitation ratios (R/P) are rare for the United States. We have found mapping of ET and R/P to be a useful part of our work on runoff mapping, which in turn was a necessary part of our assessments of effects of acidic deposition. Maps of ET and R/P could be useful in other water resource analyses as well. Toward this end we present maps of these variables that we have prepared for the northeastern United States. We compute ET and R/P from the water balance equation with measured runoff and precipitation and (in one case) modeled estimates of precipitation. We have mapped ET and R/P in three different ways. First, we have mapped them by Major Land-Use Resource Areas (MLRA). We have performed this mapping for both a long-term period (1951-1980) and an especially wet water year, water-year 1984 (WY84). Second, we have mapped ET and R/P using an automated contouring procedure in association with modeled estimates of precipitation from PRISM (Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). Third, we have manually contoured the variables based on measured values of runoff and precipitation as they appear to relate to elevation, land use, and vegetation. Our maps compare well with each other and with the relatively few prior efforts at such mapping for the region. Our findings indicate that ET tends to be much more conservative over time than R/P, which tended to be greater in the wet year (WY84). As would be expected, the three approaches have relative strengths and weaknesses. Mapping by MLRA may be more useful when measured estimates are few or when lack of local expertise limits contouring subjectively. Contouring allows for more detailed representation of patterns. Automated contouring has the advantages of efficiency and reproducibility, whereas manual contouring allows the exercise of potentially more accurate expert local knowledge, when it exists. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP CHURCH, MR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02640-W PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QY989 UT WOS:A1995QY98900015 ER PT J AU PEIRANO, WB AF PEIRANO, WB TI IMPORTANCE OF LEAD BODY STORES TO CONTEMPORANEOUS BLOOD LEAD LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP PEIRANO, WB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 677 EP 678 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RB445 UT WOS:A1995RB44500001 PM 7769358 ER PT J AU GULSON, BL MAHAFFEY, KR MIZON, KJ KORSCH, MJ CAMERON, MA VIMPANI, G AF GULSON, BL MAHAFFEY, KR MIZON, KJ KORSCH, MJ CAMERON, MA VIMPANI, G TI CONTRIBUTION OF TISSUE LEAD TO BLOOD LEAD IN ADULT FEMALE SUBJECTS BASED ON STABLE LEAD-ISOTOPE METHODS SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTPARTUM CHANGES; EXPOSURE; IDENTIFICATION; MOBILIZATION; METABOLISM; CHILDHOOD; PREGNANCY; COHORT; BONE AB Public health and medical recommendations on prevention of lead toxicity rely on use of blood lead concentrations to assess lead exposure and predict onset of adverse health effects. Blood lead levels have generally been thought to reflect recent environmental lead exposures. However, tissue lead stores are accumulated over a long time period (i.e., years). These tissue stores, primarily from bone, can be remobilized as part of both normal physiologic and pathologic processes. Although chemical analyses do not differentiate lead isotopes, mass spectrometric determinations can differentiate the quantities of stable lead isotopes present in particular samples (e.g., lead 207, lead 206, lead 204, and lead 208) Selected geographic locations may have distinct isotopic profiles. For example, on mainland Australia the Pb-206 Pb-204 ratios reported in both environmental lead sources and blood samples are typically less than 17.0. By contrast, stable lead isotope profiles in blood samples of adult women immigrating from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union usually have Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios greater than 47.5 and as high as 18.5 on entry into Australia. Longitudinal monitoring of blood samples to determine stable lead isotope profiles by mass spectrometry and chemical analyses of blood samples for total lead content were conducted over a 300-day period. These data show that between 45% and 70% of lead in blood comes from long-term tissue lead stores. Recognition that the predominant source of lead in blood was tissue stores rather than the contemporaneous environment should greatly modify recommendations on use of blood lead to monitor occupational or environmental interventions. In addition, internal biokinetics of lead, documented through presence of tissue lead in blood, underlie the long-term health risks of lead exposure. Transfer of lead to the fetus from maternal tissue stores represents a special area of concern. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. CSIRO,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. HUNTER AREA HLTH SERV,NEWCASTLE,NSW,AUSTRALIA. RI Cameron, Murray/C-9970-2009 OI Cameron, Murray/0000-0002-4874-0927 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-05292] NR 34 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 703 EP 712 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RB445 UT WOS:A1995RB44500008 PM 7769364 ER PT J AU NELSON, GM GEORGE, SE AF NELSON, GM GEORGE, SE TI COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR SELECTION AND ENUMERATION OF MOUSE FECAL FLORA POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Note DE ENUMERATION; FECAL FLORA; MEDIA COMPARISON; SELECTION ID ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA AB Media examined for enumeration of mouse fecal flora populations were KF Streptococcus agar (KF), Mannitol salt agar (MS), Baird-Parker agar (BP), Brucella blood agar (BA), Wilkins-Chalgren blood agar (WC), Brucella blood agar+vancomycin and kanamycin (VK), Wilkins-Chalgren blood agar+nalidixic acid and vancomycin (NAV), Wilkins-Chalgren blood agar+nalidixic acid and Tween 80 (NAT), LBS agar, and Rogosa agar. Representative colonies from each medium were isolated for Gram morphology and species identification using API systems. Mannitol salt agar was more selective than Baird-Parker agar for staphylococci. VK agar appeared to be more selective for obligately anaerobic Gram negative bacilli than NAV agar. Higher counts of Gram positive rods were obtained with Rogosa agar than with LBS agar. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NELSON, GM (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00004-5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA RD813 UT WOS:A1995RD81300008 ER PT J AU MAIER, WE BROWN, HW TILSON, HA LUSTER, MI HARRY, GJ AF MAIER, WE BROWN, HW TILSON, HA LUSTER, MI HARRY, GJ TI TRIMETHYLTIN INCREASES INTERLEUKIN(IL)1-ALPHA, IL-6 AND TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS IN RAT HIPPOCAMPUS SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYTOKINES; HIPPOCAMPUS; TRIMETHYLTIN; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA MESSENGER-RNA; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS BRAIN; EXPRESSION; ASTROCYTES; INVOLVEMENT; INDUCTION; PROLIFERATION; IL-1-BETA AB Within the central nervous system (CNS), cytokines are thought to have active roles in pathophysiological changes seen in various neurological diseases and trauma. The present study was undertaken to examine the early response of pro-inflammatory cytokines following exposure to a specific neurotoxicant (trimethyltin; TMT). mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were measured in the hippocampus of adult male Long-Evans hooded rats following an acute injection of trimethyltin hydroxide (8 mg TMT/kg body weight). At various times following exposure (6 h to 8 days), hippocampal tissues were excised and relative changes in cytokine mRNA levels were assessed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. lL-1 alpha, IL-6 and TNF alpha mRNA levels in the hippocampus increased within 6 h and remained elevated for 8 days. Quantitative analysis of mRNA transcripts revealed a two-fold increase in both IL-6 and TNF alpha within 6 h and a continued elevation of TNF alpha to 9-fold by 12 h. Within 96 h, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA levels were elevated in the hippocampus. Histological examination showed sparse individual neuronal necrosis at this time in both the pyramidal and granule cell regions with no increase in astrocyte GFAP immunoreactivity. However, an early, 24 h, response of microglial cells was indicated by increased lectin binding. This morphological profile progressed over time to a profound neuronal loss in the CA3-4 granule cell layer and marked astrocyte hypertrophy. The onset of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression appears to be temporally associated with histological evidence of elevated microglia in the hippocampus. It is proposed that microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines play a modulatory role in the early stages of TMT-induced neurotoxicity. C1 NIEHS, ENVIRONM IMMUNOL & NEUROBIOL SECT, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, CURRICULUM TOXICOL, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV NEUROTOXICOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32ES07126] NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 EI 1872-8421 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0165-5728(95)00026-X PG 11 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RE736 UT WOS:A1995RE73600008 PM 7797621 ER PT J AU WINSTEAD, JT AF WINSTEAD, JT TI DIGESTIVE TUBULE ATROPHY IN EASTERN OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA (GMELIN, 1791), EXPOSED TO SALINITY AND STARVATION STRESS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OYSTERS; DIGESTIVE DIVERTICULA; ATROPHY; SALINITY; STARVATION ID MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; MARINE MUSSEL; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; CELLS; LYSOSOMES; LIGHT; RESPONSES; RHYTHM; SYSTEM AB Oysters sampled in February, 1992 from a low salinity site (3 ppt) in Apalachicola Bay, FL showed digestive tubule atrophy when compared with oysters from a higher salinity site (18 ppt) 16 km away. Experiments designed to induce tubule atrophy in the laboratory consisted of two starvation and two salinity stress tests. To quantify tubule condition for each oyster, inside to outside tubule diameter ratios were calculated from 20 tubules per animal using an ocular micrometer. Higher tubule ratios indicated greater tubule atrophy. The experiments showed that poor nutrition, during low salinity, may have played a significant role in the tubule atrophy of Apalachicola Bay oysters. RP WINSTEAD, JT (reprint author), US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RH798 UT WOS:A1995RH79800015 ER PT J AU SUH, HH ALLEN, GA KOUTRAKIS, P BURTON, RM AF SUH, HH ALLEN, GA KOUTRAKIS, P BURTON, RM TI SPATIAL VARIATION IN ACIDIC SULFATE AND AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS WITHIN METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; SYSTEM; AREA AB Acidic sulfate concentrations were measured in metropolitan Philadelphia during the summers of 1992 and 1993, as part of a continuing effort to characterize particle concentrations in urban environments. Sampling was performed simultaneously at eight sites located within and around metropolitan Philadelphia. Sites were selected based on their population density and on their distance and direction from the city center. Air pollution sampling was conducted every other day during the summer of 1992 and every day during the summer of 1993. All samples were collected for 24-h periods beginning at 9 a.m. (EDT). All acidic sulfate and ammonia samples were collected using modified Harvard-EPA Annular Denuder Systems (HEADS). In this paper, we examine the spatial variation in acidic sulfate and ammonia concentrations within the metropolitan Philadelphia area. We also identify factors that may influence their variation and develop models to predict their concentrations. Outdoor sulfate (SO42-) concentrations were uniform within metropolitan Philadelphia; however, aerosol strong acidity (H+) concentrations varied spatially. This variation generally was independent of wind direction, but was related to local factors, such as the NH3 concentration, population density, and distance from the center of the city. Physico-chemical models, which were developed using data collected during the summer of 1992, were excellent predictors of 24-h and mean summertime H+ concentrations measured during the summer of 1993. Models accounted for 78% of the variation in 24-h H+ levels. Results suggest that a single stationary ambient (SAM) monitor would be sufficient to estimate SO42- exposures for populations living in Philadelphia. For H+, however, multiple monitoring sites or models should be used to determine the outdoor H+ exposures of populations Living in urban environments, although a single SAM site may provide an excellent index of H+ variation over time. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SUH, HH (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,655 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 6 BP 442 EP 452 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC229 UT WOS:A1995RC22900001 ER PT J AU FAN, CY KRISHNAMURTHY, S AF FAN, CY KRISHNAMURTHY, S TI ENZYMES FOR ENHANCING BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SOILS - A BRIEF REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; DETOXIFICATION AB During the 1950s and 1960s, hundreds of thousands of underground storage tanks (and above-ground storage tanks) containing petroleum products and hazardous chemicals were installed. Many of these tanks either have been abandoned or have exceeded their useful lives and are leaking, thereby posing a serious threat to the nation's surface and groundwater supplies, as well as to public health. Cleaning up releases of petroleum hydrocarbons or other organic chemicals in the subsurface environment is a real-world problem. Biological treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil is considered to be a relatively low-cost and safe technology; however, its potential for effectively treating recalcitrant wastes has not been fully explored. For millions of years, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, protozoa, and others have performed the function of recycling organic matter from which new plant life can grow. This paper examines the biological treatment technology for cleaning up petroleum product-contaminated soils, with special emphasis on microbial enzyme systems for enhancing the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Classifications and functions of enzymes, as well as the microbes, in degrading the organic contaminants are discussed. In addition, the weathering effect on biodegradation, types of hydrocarbon degraders, advantages associated with enzyme use, methods of enzyme extraction, and future research needs for development and evaluation of enzyme-assisted bioremediation are examined. RP FAN, CY (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH,2890 WOODBRIDGE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 6 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC229 UT WOS:A1995RC22900002 PM 7788508 ER PT J AU BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T AF BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T TI OZONE REGIMES IN OR NEAR FORESTS OF THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES .2. FACTORS INFLUENCING REGIONAL PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; RURAL-AREAS; EXPOSURE; INDEXES AB Ozone levels in or near forests of the western United States resulted from transport of ozone from urban areas, photochemical formation of ozone in nonurban areas from either natural or manmade precursors, and downward mixing of ozone from the tropospheric reservoir. Similarities in ozone exposure regimes were clearly associated with ozone characteristics, such as the shape of the diurnal curve in hourly ozone concentrations and the magnitudes of ozone levels. No single site characteristic dominated across the region. Eight classes of ozone regimes were identified: large-urban, medium-urban, small-urban, urban-downwind-urban, urban-transport, rural, rural-remote, and remote. Sites in the western United States can be classified according to these classes. Of the sites included in the analysis, Olympic National Park, Colorado National Monument, Redwood National Park, Grand Canyon, and Crook County in Oregon showed the lowest impact from urban-generated ozone. The greatest impact of manmade ozone was found in forests of southern and central California, and to some extent in Rocky Mountain National Park and along the western slopes of the Cascades in Washington. The eight groups of sites showing similar ozone exposure regimes as identified by Bohm et al.(1) corresponded closely with the eight classes of ozone regimes, indicating that regional similarities in ozone exposure regimes can be linked to ozone formation and transport processes despite a lack of geographic cohesion. Sixty-four percent of variance in ozone exposure regimes can be expressed in a two-dimensional space called diurnal-curve space. Group membership is more cohesive in diurnal-curve than geographic space. Applications of diurnal-curve space include (1) a sensitive regional analysis of the nature and magnitudes of ozone exposure regimes in or near western forests; (2) a pro-active means for identifying sites with changing ozone exposure regimes; and (3) guidelines from which biologists can develop realistic experimental fumigation protocols. It is suggested that univariate statistics, such as 7-hour mean, 24-hour mean, SUM06, and SUM08, cannot identify up to 39% of the variance in ozone exposure regimes among sites in or near forests of the western United States. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COMP SCI CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BOHM, M (reprint author), CSIRO,CTR ENVIRONM MECH,GPO BOX 821,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 6 BP 477 EP 489 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC229 UT WOS:A1995RC22900005 ER PT J AU BERMAN, E SCHLICHT, M MOSER, VC MACPHAIL, RC AF BERMAN, E SCHLICHT, M MOSER, VC MACPHAIL, RC TI A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING .1. SYSTEMIC TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; RATS; HEPATOTOXICITY; INJURY; TESTS AB The toxicity of 10 chemicals, including pesticides (carbaryl, chlordane, heptachlor, and triadimefon), solvents (carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene), and industrial chemicals [diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and phenol] was examined in the liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and adrenals of female F344 rats after 1 or 14 d of oral dosing. For each chemical, 4 doses were based on fractions of the acute LD50, which was estimated using an abbreviated (up-and-down) method. A multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was conducted for each organ using selected measures of toxicity. A post hoc contrast analysis was also conducted for significant MANOVA results in order to determine effective and ineffective doses. A single dose of heptachlor resulted in necrotic lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus at doses greater than or equal to 23 mg/kg. Triadimefon altered liver and spleen weights; this effect has not been described previously. Dichloromethane (greater than or equal to 337 mg/kg/d for 14 d) increased the incidence of necrosis of individual centrilobular hepatocytes. Trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity was obtained at doses an order of magnitude lower than those reported in the literature. Acute DEHP (150 mg/kg) increased mitotic figures in hepatocytes, which were replaced by hepatocellular cytomegaly after 14 d of dosing at the same level. Following phenol exposure, there was an increased incidence in hepatocellular necrosis at 1 d, and an increased incidence of kidney lesions at 1 and 14 d; these findings were considered to be the result of vascular stasis. Overall, the algorithm used to select doses was effective for both 1- or 14-d dosing regimens. For all chemicals except carbon tetrachloride, the lowest effective dose for systemic toxicity was within the range of 3-56 % of the LD50 for acute dosing, and 1-30 % of the LD50 for repeated administration. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 127 EP 143 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RD355 UT WOS:A1995RD35500002 PM 7783250 ER PT J AU NAROTSKY, MG KAVLOCK, RJ AF NAROTSKY, MG KAVLOCK, RJ TI A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING .2. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL CHLORDANE EXPOSURE; INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; COCAINE ABUSE; MICE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TERATOGENICITY; RATS AB As part of the validation of an integrated bioassay for systemic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, we evaluated the effects of four pesticides, four chlorinated solvents, and two other industrial chemicals in Fischer 344 rats. The pesticides included carbaryl, triadimefon, chlordane, and heptachlor; the solvents included dichloromethane (DCM), carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PER); and the industrial chemicals were di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and phenol. In the developmental toxicity studies, timed-pregnant rats were treated by gavage with vehicle or 1 of 2 dose levels of each compound on gestation d 6-19. The darns were allowed to deliver and their litters were examined on postnatal d 1, 3, and 6. Litter weights were determined on postnatal d 1 and 6. Implants were also counted to .determine prenatal loss. Maternal toxicity was evidenced by dose-related alterations in weight gain for all 10 compounds. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity were present for all chemicals except chlordane and heptachlor. DEHP exposure resulted in the most pronounced developmental toxicity (high levels of pre- and postnatal mortality), whereas chlordane induced extensive postnatal loss. Of the solvents, only DCM did not cause a high incidence of full-litter resorption. Phenol, heptachlor, triadimefon, and carbaryl showed only slight potential for developmental toxicity. Malformations suggestive of teratogenicity included kinked tail (phenol), microphthalmia (TCE, PER, DEHP), and cleft palate with renal agenesis (DEHP). Although several findings (eye defects caused by TCE and PER, full-litter resorption and delayed parturition caused by PER, and delayed parturition/dystocia associated with triadimefon) have not been previously reported, the results are generally consistent with previous reports and highlight the importance and relative ease of incorporation of develop mental evaluations into a multidisciplinary screening battery. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP NAROTSKY, MG (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 48 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 145 EP 171 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RD355 UT WOS:A1995RD35500003 PM 7783251 ER PT J AU MOSER, VC CHEEK, BM MACPHAIL, RC AF MOSER, VC CHEEK, BM MACPHAIL, RC TI A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING .3. NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; NEURO-BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; SENSORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; FREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; RATS; NEUROTOXICITY; TRIADIMEFON; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AB The neurobehavioral effects of 10 known toxicants were examined as part of a multidisciplinary screening battery. The toxicants included carbaryl (CAR), triadimefon (TDM), heptachlor (HEP), chlordane (CDN) diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) phenol, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PER or perchlorethylene), and dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride). A functional observational battery and motor activity measurements were conducted before exposure, at specified times after an acute exposure, and during and after 14-d exposure. Severity scoring analysis was used to generate profiles of effect. The pesticides, CAR, TDM, HEP, and CDN, displayed the most acute neurotoxicity and were active at lower proportions of their respective acute LD50 values than were the solvents or the industrial chemicals. Although CAR and TDM showed little or no neurobehavioral effects with repealed dosing, cumulative neurotoxicity and lethality were evident with HEP and; CDN. Phenol produced acute convulsive effects, and the most prominent finding with repeated exposure was lethality. DEHP displayed no neurobehavioral toxicity. The organic solvents, TCE, PER, CCl4, and DCM, produced various degrees of general nervous system depression following acute administration of high dose levels. Repeated dosing produced little or no effect with TCE or PER, marked physiological changes with CCl4, and cumulative toxicity and lethality with DCM. Some results of these studies were unexpected and should provide impetus for further research. Overall, these findings illustrate the utility of these screening methods. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP MOSER, VC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 173 EP 210 PG 38 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RD355 UT WOS:A1995RD35500004 PM 7783252 ER PT J AU MACPHAIL, RC BERMAN, E ELDER, JA KAVOLOCK, RJ MOSER, VC NAROTSKY, MG SCHLICHT, M AF MACPHAIL, RC BERMAN, E ELDER, JA KAVOLOCK, RJ MOSER, VC NAROTSKY, MG SCHLICHT, M TI A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING .4. COMPARISON OF RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; TOXICITY; TRIADIMEFON; RATS AB Toxicity data collected under standardized test conditions may be of the utmost importance in health risk assessment, in which human exposure limits are often derived from laboratory experiments. A standardized approach to data collection is also important for evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of test methods used to determine toxic potential. Several experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of chemical exposures using a multidisciplinary screening battery, which included rests for systemic, neurological and developmental toxicity. The effects of 1- and 14-d exposures to 10 chemicals on systemic and neurological indices of toxicity were determined in female F344 rats using standardized test batteries. Parallel experiments determined chemical effects on prenatal and postnatal development following exposure of the darns for 14 d. The chemicals included four pesticides (carbaryl, triadimefon, chlordane, and heptachlor), four solvents (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloromethane), and two industrial compounds (phenol and diethylhexyl phthalate). The results showed that the chemicals produced markedly different qualitative patterns of effect on systemic, neurological, and developmental indices of toxicity. Differences in the pattern of systemic and neurological effects were also obtained that depended on dosing duration. Quantitative analyses indicated that the highest ineffective dose as well as the lowest effective dose could vary by as much as two orders of magnitude across the different indices of toxicity. These results clearly show that a test battery focused on a single endpoint of toxicity cannot be used to accurately predict either qualitatively or quantitatively a chemical's systemic, neurological, and developmental toxicity profile. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP MACPHAIL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RD355 UT WOS:A1995RD35500005 PM 7783253 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, FP STETLER, RE AF WILLIAMS, FP STETLER, RE TI DETECTION OF FRNA COLIPHAGES IN GROUNDWATER SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP WILLIAMS, FP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,VIROL & PARASITOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RC700 UT WOS:A1995RC70000021 ER PT J AU JACOBSONKRAM, D ROSENTHAL, SL AF JACOBSONKRAM, D ROSENTHAL, SL TI MOLECULAR AND GENETIC TOXICOLOGY OF 1,3-BUTADIENE SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN GENETIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; B6C3F1 MICE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; K-RAS; EXPOSURE; MOUSE; WORKERS; ACTIVATION; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY AB During the last 9 years, there have been many studies published concerning the mutagenic potential of butadiene in mammalian systems, including alterations at the molecular level. Butadiene has tested positive in several mouse in vivo and in vitro assays, but has generally tested negative in rat studies. Most of these studies are cytogenetic and include positive data in mice for chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, and sister chromatid exchanges. Butadiene also induces mutations in lung, spleen, and bone marrow of transgenic mice. The positive bone marrow cytogenetic and transgenic data may be significant in view of the increased lymphohematopoietic malignancies observed in mice and probably in humans. In addition, butadiene causes mutations in the K-ras protooncogene and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in mouse studies. Mutations in these genes are associated with oncogenesis in humans as well as in rodents. Also, positive mutagenicity data have been obtained in a pilot study of workers exposed to butadiene. Positive dominant lethal studies in rodents suggest that exposure to butadiene can result in germ cell mutation and heritable risk. These mutagenicity and molecular data suggest that butadiene is both a somatic and germ cell mutagen in mammals, possibly including humans. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV 8602,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,TOXICOL GRP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1110 J9 MUTAT RES-REV GENET JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Genet. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 339 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(95)90006-3 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RD401 UT WOS:A1995RD40100003 PM 7791802 ER PT J AU FIX, AS WIGHTMAN, KA OCALLAGHAN, JP AF FIX, AS WIGHTMAN, KA OCALLAGHAN, JP TI REACTIVE GLIOSIS INDUCED BY MK-801 IN THE RAT POSTERIOR CINGULATE/RETROSPLENIAL CORTEX - GFAP EVALUATION BY SANDWICH ELISA AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NMDA ANTAGONIST; GFAP; NEUROPATHOLOGY; MK-801 ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; CEREBROCORTICAL NEURONS; DAMAGE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; PHENCYCLIDINE; NEUROTOXICITY; DIZOCILPINE; ANTAGONIST AB MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) and certain other related antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor produce vacuolization a nd necrosis of neurons in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial (PC/RS) cortex of rats. Neuronal necrosis initiates an astrocytic and microglial reaction. The present studies evaluated the astrocyte response with a sandwich format enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) the major intermediate filament protein in astrocytes. In all cases, Sprague Dawley rats (age 60-70 days) were given single subcutaneous doses of MK-801 and detergent-based sample homogenates were subjected to GFAP ELISA. Initially, female rats receiving vehicle or 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg MK-801 were sacrificed on 3, 5, 9, or 16 days postdose (DPD). Fresh brain samples included PC/RS (target) and frontal (non-target) cortices. A significant, dose-dependent increase in GFAP occurred in the PC/RS cortex (highest in the 10 mg/kg group at 9 DPD). A second study with both sexes (10 mg/kg; 9 DPD) showed increased GFAP, but there was no difference by sex. Finally, punch samples from PC/RS, occipital, temporal, and entorhinal cortex (females; 10 mg/kg; 9 DPD) revealed a highly significant increase in GFAP confined to the PC/RS cortex. The localized increase in GFAP was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. These biochemical and immunocytochemical data demonstrate a localized astrocytic response to neuronal necrosis that is restricted to the PC/RS cortical target area. Our findings are consistent with previous data showing that chemical-induced injury of the CNS results in dose- and time-dependent increases in GFAP that are restricted to the sites of damage. (C) 1995 Intox Press, Inc. C1 ELI LILLY & CO, TOXICOL RES LABS, GREENFIELD, IN 46140 USA. US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RF398 UT WOS:A1995RF39800004 PM 7566683 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ OCALLAGHAN, JP AF GORDON, CJ OCALLAGHAN, JP TI TRIMETHYLTIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHY IN THE RAT - INTERACTION WITH THERMOREGULATION SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORGANOTIN; HYPOTHERMIA; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; BODY WEIGHT; HIPPOCAMPUS; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; REACTIVE GLIOSIS; INJURY; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; TRIETHYLTIN; HYPOTHERMIA; INDICATORS; DAMAGE AB The enhanced production of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by astroglia appears to be a general response of the CNS to many types of toxic insult. The organometallic neurotoxicant, trimethyltin (TMT) is one such agent known to increase the production of GFAP as a consequence of widespread neuronal destruction. TMT also leads to transient reductions in body temperature (T-b), a response which may alter the neurotoxic effects of this compound. To study the role of T-b in the neurotoxic effects of TMT, rats were injected (i. v.) with saline or 8.0 mg/kg TMT and maintained at ambient temperatures (T-a) of 16, 22, or 30 degrees C for 72 hr while T-b (core) was measured periodically . Animals were then housed at a T-a of 22 degrees C for 35 days after which time their brains were removed and dissected in to hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain and cerebellum for subsequent analysis of GFAP. TMT led to a significant decrease in T-b of rats housed at 22 degrees measured 3 hr after treatment. T-b of rats maintained at T-a's of 7 6 and 30 degrees C was unaffected by TMT initially (i.e., no hypothermia); however, by 72 hr after TMT, rats maintained at 22 and 30 degrees C had a significantly elevated T-b. TMT led to marked elevations in GFAP levels, a response that was affected by T-a. In the hippocampus the elevation in GFAP was significantly greater in rats housed at 16 and 30 degrees C. A similar pattern was seen in the midbrain. It appears that the neuropathic consequences of TMT exposure, as expressed in terms of GFAP production, are affected by the transient changes in T-b brought on by exposure to this compound. The reduction in T-b by TMT appears to attenuate the rise in GFAP in certain brain areas, suggesting that TMT-induced hypothermia provides protection to the CNS during toxic insult. (C) 1995 Intox Press, Inc. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RF398 UT WOS:A1995RF39800012 PM 7566691 ER PT J AU TILSON, HA MACPHAIL, RC CROFTON, KM AF TILSON, HA MACPHAIL, RC CROFTON, KM TI DEFINING NEUROTOXICITY IN A DECISION-MAKING CONTEXT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROTOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; EVALUATION OF DATA ID MARKERS; DAMAGE; RODENT; RFD AB Neurotoxicity is one of several noncancer endpoints used by regulatory agencies in risk assessment. At the US EPA, neurotoxicity is defined as an adverse change in the structure and/or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system measured at the neurochemical, behavioral, neurophysiological or anatomical levels. Adverse effects include alterations that diminish an organism's ability to survive, reproduce or adapt to the environment. Generally, a weight-of-evidence approach is used to evaluate observed effects. There is, for example, a high level of concern for persistent changes in the function or structure of the nervous system, while transient changes must be evaluated using further criteria. Compensatory changes resulting from cell death might represent activation of repair capacity and, since this could decrease future potential adaptability, reversibility is viewed with concern. In general, equal weight is given to chemicals that directly or indirectly affect the n ervous system. Finally, effects on the nervous system must be compared to those on other organ systems to help rule out non-specific changes in neurobiological measures. (C) 1995 Intox Press, Inc. RP TILSON, HA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 363 EP 375 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RF398 UT WOS:A1995RF39800016 PM 7566695 ER PT J AU CHIOU, CF MARINAS, BJ ADAMS, JQ AF CHIOU, CF MARINAS, BJ ADAMS, JQ TI MODIFIED INDIGO METHOD FOR GASEOUS AND AQUEOUS OZONE ANALYSES SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE OZONE; OZONE ANALYSIS; GAS PHASE OZONE ANALYSIS; AQUEOUS PHASE OZONE ANALYSIS; MEMBRANE METHOD; INDIGO METHOD; MODIFIED INDIGO METHOD; UV ABSORBENCY METHOD ID GAS-PHASE AB The indigo method developed by Bader and Hoigne for aqueous ozone analysis was modified to allow for both gaseous and aqueous ozone determination. Gas or water samples were extracted with a gas-tight syringe containing a known volume of indigo reagent. The modified procedure provided a more consistent basis for gaseous and aqueous ozone determination allowing for more accurate ozone mass balance calculations. Direct gaseous ozone UV absorbance with molar absorptivity of 3,000 M(-1)cm(-1) at 258 nm was used as primary standard to determine the molar absorptivity of the indigo reagent. The molar absorptivity of indigo reagent, assuming a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for the reaction between indigo and ozone, was determined to be 23,150 +/- 80 M(-1)cm(-1), or approximately 16 percent higher than that of 20,000 M(-1)cm(-1) suggested by Bader and Hoigne. An independently calibrated membrane-electrode ozone monitor showed good correlation with indigo method results using the molar absorptivity value determined in this study. The apparent molar absorptivity of aqueous ozone at the wavelength of 258 nm measured by the modified indigo method increased from 2,400 to 3,600 M(-1)cm(-1) in the investigated ozone concentration range of 0.4 to 11.0 mg/L. This variation might have been caused by the inherent interference of unidentified ozone byproducts, which presence was supported with scanning spectra in the wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP CHIOU, CF (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 27 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1080/01919519508547539 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ482 UT WOS:A1995RJ48200007 ER PT J AU FLETCHER, JS PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC AF FLETCHER, JS PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC TI CHLORSULFURON INFLUENCE ON GARDEN PEA REPRODUCTION SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CHLORSULFURON; GLEAN(TM); PEA; PISUM SATIVUM; REPRODUCTION; SULFONYLUREA; YIELD ID SULFONYLUREA AB The influence of chlorsulfuron on the reproduction of green pea (Pisum sativum) was examined by exposing plants at 3 different stages of development to 3 different exposure levels (46, 92, and 180 mg ha(-1); corresponding to 2 x 10(-3), 4 x 10(-3), and 8 x 10(-3) of the recommended field application rates for small grain crops). Reproduction was only influenced by the two higher rates. The most susceptible stage of development was when plants possessed 6 expanded leaves and one visible flower bud. At that stage, an application rate of 180 mg ha(-1) (0.8% of the recommended field rate) reduced the seed yield of treated plants to 1% of that of the control plants without severely altering the height or appearance of mature plants. When correspondingly low application rates of atrazine, glyphosate, and 2,4-D were administered at this same developmental stage there were no effects on either growth or reproduction. Thus, chlorsulfuron had an influence on plant reproduction that was not produced by other herbicides administered at low levels. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP FLETCHER, JS (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 94 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940212.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD027 UT WOS:A1995RD02700012 ER PT J AU SHARKEY, TD SINGSAAS, EL VANDERVEER, PJ GERON, C AF SHARKEY, TD SINGSAAS, EL VANDERVEER, PJ GERON, C TI RESPONSES OF ISOPRENE AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT IN A NORTH-CAROLINA FOREST SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Sharkey, Thomas/B-4032-2009 OI Sharkey, Thomas/0000-0002-4423-3223 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900288 ER PT J AU MEKENYAN, OG VEITH, GD BRADBURY, SP ZAHARIEVA, N AF MEKENYAN, OG VEITH, GD BRADBURY, SP ZAHARIEVA, N TI SAR MODELS FOR METABOLIC-ACTIVATION - STABILITY OF ORGANIC CATION INTERMEDIATES SO QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article DE CATION STABILITY; HYDRIDE ABSTRACTION; REACTION ENTHALPY; PROTON AFFINITY ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TOXICITY AB Semi-empirical methods for estimating the stability of organic cations through hydride abstraction or protonation were evaluated. To simulate hydride abstraction, stability was defined as the difference between the calculated enthalpies of the cations and the parent structures. Cations formed by protonation were compared to proton affinities by computing enthalpies of the conjugate acids and the corresponding bases. Semi-empirical quantum chemical methods, including AM1, PM3 and MNDO hamiltonians, were used to evaluate their capability to model reaction enthalpies and estimate cation stability. All three methods were acceptable in estimating the stability of cations obtained by hydride abstraction. The correlation coefficients between computed stabilities from the three methods and measured stabilities ranged from 0.83 for MNDO to 0.92 for AM1. The AM1 method was the only acceptable hamiltonian for estimating proton affinity for the studied chemicals. The correlation coefficient between measured and computed values was 0.89. The models for stability will be incorporated into larger QSAR activation models for estimating the probability of mutagenicity and tumor formation in risk assessments. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPER RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. HIGHER INST CHEM TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM PHYS,BU-8010 BURGAS,BULGARIA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0931-8771 J9 QUANT STRUCT-ACT REL JI Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1002/qsar.19950140306 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RQ939 UT WOS:A1995RQ93900005 ER PT J AU CASH, GG AF CASH, GG TI PREDICTION OF INHIBITORY POTENCIES OF ARENESULFONAMIDES TOWARD CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE USING EASILY CALCULATED MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY INDEXES SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QSAR; CARBONIC ANHYDRASE; CONNECTIVITY INDEX ID QUANTUM CHEMICAL QSAR; SULFONAMIDES AB Previous Literature reports described the correlation of arenesulfonamide inhibitory potency toward carbonic anhydrase with a quantum mechanical descriptor, namely, the total charge on the sulfonamide oxygens, and an indicator variable. The present paper attempts to correlate the same inhibitory potency data with the much more easily calculated molecular connectivity indices (MCIs) for the same set of compounds (n = 51). A good (r = 0.91) two-variable correlation was found for an n = 45 subset, from which compounds with a certain structural characteristic had been excluded. This result is consistent with many previous reports that MCIs do well in predicting relative biological activities of a homologous series of compounds but less well for groups of compounds that differ at several sites. RP CASH, GG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW 7403,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1040-0400 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 3 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1007/BF02286442 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA RC807 UT WOS:A1995RC80700002 ER PT J AU SULIK, KK DEHART, DB ROGERS, JM CHERNOFF, N AF SULIK, KK DEHART, DB ROGERS, JM CHERNOFF, N TI TERATOGENICITY OF LOW-DOSES OF ALL-TRANS-RETINOIC ACID IN PERSOMITE MOUSE EMBRYOS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALFORMATIONS; PHARMACOKINETICS; ORGANOGENESIS; ABSORPTION; TRETINOIN; INVITRO; INVIVO; 13-CIS; MODEL; MICE AB This study was designed to examine the developmental dose response for all-trans retinoic acid (TRA) administered at presomite stages in mouse embryos. Previous studies using hamsters [Shenefelt (1972) Teratology 5:103-118] have shown that developmental stages corresponding to those present early on gestational day (GD) 7 in mice are most sensitive to retinoid-induced teratogenesis. Our preliminary studies showed that at this treatment time, gavage dosages of 7.5 mg/kg maternal body weight administered to C57B1/6N mice, an inbred strain, resulted in severe craniofacial malformations representing the holoprosencephaly, aprosencephaly spectrum. Additionally, in an outbred mouse strain, CD-1, exencephaly was induced by dosages of 2.5 mg/kg TRA and above. Readily detectable abnormalities of the eyes, including anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia and iridial colobomata, were induced by even lower doses of TRA in the C57B1/6N strain. Incidences of micro/anophthalmia were 6.7%, 8.1%, 12.9%, and 32.4% at 0, 0.313, 0.625, and 1.25 mg/kg, respectively. The dosages required to induce significant incidences of exencephaly (2.5 mg/kg) and severe ocular abnormalities (1.25 mg/kg) on GD 7 in mice are approximately 50-100-fold less than those that are commonly used to examine the teratogenicity of this compound at later developmental stages in this species. The trend toward an increase in the incidence of severe ocular malformations at the lowest dose examined and the fact that subtle ocular malformations were not taken into account for this study suggest that even lower dosages may be effective. Practical implications of this study include 1) the obvious need to conduct threshold dose determination studies at the most sensitive developmental stage in a senstive strain/species, and 2) the need for careful surveillance of human populations for brain and ocular malformations (not necessarily those falling within the realm of retinoic acid embryopathy) following retinoid exposure during early stages of pregnancy. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SULIK, KK (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR BIRTH DEFECTS,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD28860] NR 28 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510605 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RR871 UT WOS:A1995RR87100004 PM 7502239 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH SHUEY, DL EBRONMCCOY, M ROGERS, JM AF ZUCKER, RM ELSTEIN, KH SHUEY, DL EBRONMCCOY, M ROGERS, JM TI UTILITY OF FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IN EMBRYONIC FETAL TOPOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALATE AB For topographical analysis of developing embryos, investigators typically rely on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to provide the surface detail not attainable with light microscopy. SEM is an expensive and rime-consuming technique, however, and the preparation procedure may alter morphology and leave the specimen friable. We report that by using a high-resolution compound epifluorescence microscope with inexpensive low-power objectives and the fluorochrome acridine orange, we were able to obtain surface images of fixed or fresh whole rat embryos and fetal palates of considerably greater topographical detail than those obtained using routine light microscopy. Indeed the resulting high-resolution images afford not only superior qualitative documentation of morphological observations, but the capability for detailed morphometry via digitization and computer-assisted image analysis. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP ZUCKER, RM (reprint author), US EPA,NATL HLTH EFFECTS & ENVIRONM RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 430 EP 434 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510608 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RR871 UT WOS:A1995RR87100007 PM 7502242 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M BOJIC, U NAU, H KAVLOCK, RJ AF ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M BOJIC, U NAU, H KAVLOCK, RJ TI VALIDATION OF AN IN-VITRO TERATOLOGY SYSTEM USING CHIRAL SUBSTANCES - STEREOSELECTIVE TERATOGENICITY OF 4-YN-VALPROIC ACID IN CULTURED MOUSE EMBRYOS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALPROIC ACID; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE TERATOGENICITY; 2-N-PROPYL-4-PENTENOIC ACID; ANTICONVULSANT DRUG; SPINA-BIFIDA; PHARMACOKINETICS; METABOLITES; ANALOGS; ENANTIOMERS AB In vitro systems are important for toxicity testing as well as for investigating the mechanism of action of xenobiotics. The validation of such in vitro systems is often incomplete and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is equivocal. In the present study, we studied the effects of enantiomers of an analogue of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA): R(+)- and S(-)-4-yn-VPA (R- and S-2-n-propyl-4-pentynoic acid), which have previously been shown to induce selective teratogenicity in mice after in vivo administration, in mouse whole-embryo culture (WEC). Aqueous solutions of the sodium salts of the pure R-and S-enantiomers as well as R,S-4-yn-VPA (racemic mixture) or VPA itself were added to the culture medium at 0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mmol/liter and embryos were evaluated 24 hr later. The S-4-yn-VPA enantiomer induced clear concentration-dependent dysmorphogenesis that was evident even at the lowest concentration. The primary anomalies were neural tube defects, erratic neural seams, blisters, and rotational defects. Embryolethality was observed at 1.2 mmol/liter. The R-4-yn-VPA enantiomer was neither embryotoxic nor dysmorphogenic at any tested concentration. The lack of biological activity over 24 hr in WEC with the R-enantiomer suggests also that, as previously shown in vivo, there was no racemization of this isomer to the more active S-enantiomer. The racemic mixture of R and S isomers appeared to be slightly more embryolethal and dysmorphogenic than VPA. Overall, the potency of the S-enantiomer was approximately four times that of VPA. Therefore, the rank order of the four chemicals tested was S(-) much greater than S(-), R(+) > VPA much greater than R(+), which is in agreement with the effects observed in in vivo exposed mice. These data demonstrate a direct stereoselective effect of these compounds on the embryo. This is the first illustration of the stereoselectivity of a xenobiotic in the WEC in vitro test system. Pure and stable enantiomers, which induce stereoselective toxicity in vivo, are demonstrated to be valuable for validation of this in vitro system. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST TOXICOL & EMBRYOPHARMACOL,W-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 132 IS 2 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1112 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RC275 UT WOS:A1995RC27500015 PM 7785058 ER PT J AU Goldman, LR AF Goldman, LR TI Environmental risk assessment and national policy: Keeping the process fair, effective, and affordable SO UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Risk Assessment and National Policy CY 1994 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Univ Cincinnati Law Review RP Goldman, LR (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CINCINNATI LAW REVIEW PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI COL LAW ROOM 300,TAFT HALL, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0009-6881 J9 U CINCI LAW REV JI Univ. Cincinnati Law Rev. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1533 EP 1551 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA TP432 UT WOS:A1995TP43200002 ER PT J AU NOVITZKI, RP AF NOVITZKI, RP TI EMAP-WETLANDS - A SAMPLING DESIGN WITH GLOBAL APPLICATION SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Wetlands Conference on Wetlands - Old World and New World CY 1992 CL COLUMBUS, OH DE EMAP-WETLANDS; MONITORING; PROBABILITY SAMPLE DESIGN; WETLAND CLASSIFICATION; WETLANDS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in 1988. The wetland component (EMAP-Wetlands) is designed to provide quantitative assessments of the current status and long-term trends in the ecological condition of wetland resources. EMAP-Wetlands will develop a wetland monitoring network and will identify and evaluate indicators that describe and quantify wetland condition. The EMAP-Wetlands network will represent a probability sample of the total wetland resource. The EMAP sample is based on a triangular grid of approximately 12,600 sample points in the conterminous U.S. The triangular grid adequately samples wetland resources that are common and uniformly distributed in a region, such as the prairie pothole wetlands of the Midwest. However, the design is flexible and allows the base grid density to be increased to adequately sample wetland resources, such as the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico, which are distributed linearly along the coast. The Gulf sample network required a 49-fold increase in base grid density. EMAP-Wetlands aggregates the 56 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) National Wetland Inventory (NWI) categories (Cowardin et al. 1979) into 12 functionally similar groups (Leibowitz et al. 1991). Both the EMAP sample design and aggregated wetland classes are suitable for global inventory and assessment of wetlands. RP NOVITZKI, RP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JUN PY 1995 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF00045198 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA RW036 UT WOS:A1995RW03600014 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, MG LEVINE, ER KERN, JS AF JOHNSON, MG LEVINE, ER KERN, JS TI SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER - DISTRIBUTION, GENESIS, AND MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST SOILS; NITROGEN; TEMPERATE; STORAGE; METHANE; SINKS AB In this paper we describe the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) during pedogenesis and the processes that can lead to the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) to the atmosphere via SOM decomposition and denitrification. We discuss the role of management on SOM accumulation and loss, and the potential for controlling emission or comsumption of greenhouse gases by soils. We conclude that under current climate conditions there are global scale opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from soils and increase the indirect sequestration of greenhouse gases in soils through improved soil management. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP JOHNSON, MG (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 68 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 593 EP 615 DI 10.1007/BF00479414 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RW860 UT WOS:A1995RW86000004 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BENTHIC FAUNA; MACROALGAE; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE C1 US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NOAA, SEATTLE, WA USA. PTI ENVIRONM SERV, BELLEVUE, WA USA. RP CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, DEPT BIOL, LONG BEACH, CA 90840 USA. NR 154 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 718 EP 731 DI 10.2175/106143095X135958 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RH543 UT WOS:A1995RH54300036 ER PT J AU FIELD, R PITT, R BROWN, M OCONNOR, T AF FIELD, R PITT, R BROWN, M OCONNOR, T TI COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW CONTROL USING STORAGE IN SEAWATER SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE STORAGE TREATMENT; STORM OVERFLOWS; STORM SEWAGE; STORM SEWAGE TREATMENT; STORM SEWAGE SYSTEMS; EFFICIENCY; MODELING (HYDROLOGICAL); MASS BALANCE; COST EFFECTIVENESS; STRATIFICATION AB This paper describes the flow balance method facility (FBM) used to control a combined sewer overflow (CSO) and a statistically based efficiency evaluation for the system. The FBM uses containment within a receiving water body (in this case seawater) to store CSO followed by pumpback to the wastewater treatment plant for treatment. The efficiency evaluation uses a mass balance incorporating measured specific conductivity and how volumes with their probability distributions in a Monte Carlo model to calculate probable volumes of seawater in the pumpback and hence efficiency of the system. The methods described in the paper refer to phase 1 and form the basis for monitoring phase 2 of the project. Important aspects of this analysis for phase 2 of the FBM demonstration included: confirmation of the reliability of specific conductivity to determine the volume of seawater in the pumpback; an indication of the sensitivity of the predicted efficiency to variation in the parameters used; and therefore, identification of the relative importance of the different data distributions to allow more effective data collection in phase 2. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,EDISON,NJ 08837. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP FIELD, R (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,STORM & COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW POLLUT CONTROL PR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. OI O'Connor, Thomas/0000-0002-5643-644X NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1514 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00306-R PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QW061 UT WOS:A1995QW06100011 ER PT J AU BROUWER, A AHLBORG, UG VANDENBERG, M BIRNBAUM, LS BOERSMA, ER BOSVELD, B DENISON, MS GRAY, LE HAGMAR, L HOLENE, E HUISMAN, M JACOBSON, SW JACOBSON, JL KOOPMANESSEBOOM, C KOPPE, JG KULIG, BM MORSE, DC MUCKLE, G PETERSON, RE SAUER, PJJ SEEGAL, RF SMITSVANPROOIJE, AE TOUWEN, BCL WEISGLASKUPERUS, N WINNEKE, G AF BROUWER, A AHLBORG, UG VANDENBERG, M BIRNBAUM, LS BOERSMA, ER BOSVELD, B DENISON, MS GRAY, LE HAGMAR, L HOLENE, E HUISMAN, M JACOBSON, SW JACOBSON, JL KOOPMANESSEBOOM, C KOPPE, JG KULIG, BM MORSE, DC MUCKLE, G PETERSON, RE SAUER, PJJ SEEGAL, RF SMITSVANPROOIJE, AE TOUWEN, BCL WEISGLASKUPERUS, N WINNEKE, G TI FUNCTIONAL-ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF POLYHALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS AND HUMAN INFANTS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY-ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY SECTION LA English DT Article DE PCB (POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL); PCDD (POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN); PCDF (POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN); AH (ARYL HYDROCARBON) RECEPTOR; DEVELOPMENT TOXICITY; NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECT; REPRODUCTION EFFECT; ENDOCRINE EFFECT; LOAEL (LOWEST OBSERVABLE ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL); TEF (TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR); EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; HUMAN INFANT; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; IN UTERO EXPOSURE ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISONS; VITAMIN-A; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RATS; CATECHOLAMINERGIC NEURONS; PROTHYMOCYTE ACTIVITY AB A scientific evaluation was made of functional aspects of developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in experimental animals and in human infants. Persistent neurobehavioral, reproductive and endocrine alterations were observed in experimental animals, following in utero and lactational exposure to PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. The lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAELs) for developmental neurobehavioral and reproduction endpoints, based on body burden of TCDD-toxic equivalents (TEQs) in animals, are within the range of current background human body burdens. Relatively subtle adverse effects on neurobehavioral development and thyroid hormone alterations have also been observed in infants and children exposed to background levels. Exclusive use of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach may underestimate the risk of neurodevelopmental effects, because both Ah receptor dependent and independent mechanisms may be involved in these effects. The use of marker congeners and/or bioassays based on Ah receptor mediated mechanisms are rapid, low cost pre-screening alternatives for expensive and time consuming gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. C1 WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT TOXICOL,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. KAROLINSKA INST,INST ENVIRONM MED,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV UTRECHT,TOXICOL RES INST,3508 TD UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ACAD HOSP GRONINGEN,DEPT OBSTETRY & GYNAECOL,GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. LUND UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,LUND,SWEDEN. NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,OSLO,NORWAY. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,DETROIT,MI 48202. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,SOPHIA CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,DEPT NEONATOL,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. TNO,INST TOXICOL & NUTR,NEUROTOXICOL SECT,ZEIST,NETHERLANDS. PUBL HLTH CTR,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,ST FOY,PQ,CANADA. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH PHARM,MADISON,WI 53706. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR,ALBANY,NY 12201. ACAD HOSP GRONINGEN,INST DEV NEUROL,GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV DUSSELDORF,MED INST UMWELTHYG,W-4000 DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES01332] NR 153 TC 207 Z9 210 U1 6 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6917 J9 EUR J PHARM-ENVIRON JI Eur. J. Pharmacol.-Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Sect. PD MAY 26 PY 1995 VL 293 IS 1 BP 1 EP 40 PG 40 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RD868 UT WOS:A1995RD86800001 PM 7545581 ER PT J AU RICHMOND, RE CARTER, JH CARTER, HW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB AF RICHMOND, RE CARTER, JH CARTER, HW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DICHLOROACETIC ACID (DCA)-INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN MALE FISCHER (F344) RATS SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DICHLOROACETIC ACID; EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; P21 RAS; P39 C-JUN; P55 C-FOS; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; ALPHA FETOPROTEIN ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; 90 DAY TOXICITY; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; CHLOROACETIC ACIDS; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; LIVER; MICE AB We examined the incidence of proliferative lesions, hyperplastic nodules and altered hepatic foci, in male F344 rat liver, to determine their preneoplastic potential during dichloroacetic acid (DCA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical and image analysis methods were used to detect the expression of 6 histochemical markers of neoplastic cells; p21 ras, p39 c-jun, p55 c-fos, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), glutathione s-transferase (GST-p), and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) during DCA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Our results were consistent with our previous data and suggested that the hyperplastic nodules, rather than altered hepatic foci, is a putative preneoplastic lesion during DCA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the male F344 rat. C1 WOOD HUDSON CANC RES LAB,NEWPORT,KY 41071. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP RICHMOND, RE (reprint author), NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41099, USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(94)03756-9 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RA463 UT WOS:A1995RA46300008 PM 7538896 ER PT J AU GUENTHER, A HEWITT, CN ERICKSON, D FALL, R GERON, C GRAEDEL, T HARLEY, P KLINGER, L LERDAU, M MCKAY, WA PIERCE, T SCHOLES, B STEINBRECHER, R TALLAMRAJU, R TAYLOR, J ZIMMERMAN, P AF GUENTHER, A HEWITT, CN ERICKSON, D FALL, R GERON, C GRAEDEL, T HARLEY, P KLINGER, L LERDAU, M MCKAY, WA PIERCE, T SCHOLES, B STEINBRECHER, R TALLAMRAJU, R TAYLOR, J ZIMMERMAN, P TI A GLOBAL-MODEL OF NATURAL VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; ISOPRENE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBONS; RATE VARIABILITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS AB Numerical assessments of global air quality and potential changes in atmospheric chemical constituents require estimates of the surface fluxes of a variety of trace gas species. We have developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC). Methane is not considered here and has been reviewed in detail elsewhere. The model has a highly resolved spatial grid (0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees latitude/longitude) and generates hourly average emission estimates. Chemical species are grouped into four categories: isoprene, monoterpenes, other reactive VOC (ORVOC), and other VOC (OVOC). NVOC emissions from oceans are estimated as a function of geophysical variables from a general circulation model and ocean color satellite data. Emissions from plant foliage are estimated from ecosystem specific biomass and emission factors and algorithms describing light and temperature dependence of NVOC emissions. Foliar density estimates are based on climatic variables and satellite data. Temporal variations in the model are driven by monthly estimates of biomass and temperature and hourly light estimates. The annual global VOC flux is estimated to be 1150 Tg C, composed of 44% isoprene, 11% monoterpenes, 22.5% other reactive VOC, and 22.5% other VOC. Large uncertainties exist for each of these estimates and particularly for compounds other than isoprene and monoterpenes. Tropical woodlands (rain forest, seasonal, drought-deciduous, and savanna) contribute about half of all global natural VOC emissions. Croplands, shrublands and other woodlands contribute 10-20% apiece. Isoprene emissions calculated for temperate regions are as much as a factor of 5 higher than previous estimates. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. US EPA, AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. UNIV LANCASTER, INST ENVIRONM & BIOL SCI, LANCASTER LA1 4YQ, ENGLAND. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. HARWELL LAB, HARWELL 110RA, OXON, ENGLAND. US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. DIV FOREST SCI & TECHNOL, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA. INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELT, W-1800 GARMISCH PARTENKIRCHEN, GERMANY. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, CANBERRA, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP GUENTHER, A (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, 1850 TABLE MESA DR, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/B-1219-2009; Taylor, John/E-5894-2010; Steinbrecher, Rainer/A-7414-2013; Lerdau, Manuel/E-7320-2011; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/0000-0001-7973-2666; Taylor, John/0000-0001-9003-4076; Lerdau, Manuel/0000-0003-1864-0834; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 93 TC 2302 Z9 2406 U1 71 U2 601 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 8873 EP 8892 DI 10.1029/94JD02950 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400003 ER PT J AU FLEMER, DA STANLEY, RS RUTH, BF BUNDRICK, CM MOODY, PH MOORE, JC AF FLEMER, DA STANLEY, RS RUTH, BF BUNDRICK, CM MOODY, PH MOORE, JC TI RECOLONIZATION OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS - EFFECTS OF MICROCOSM SIZE AND PESTICIDES SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PHYSICAL SCALING; MICROCOSMS; MACROBENTHOS; FENVALERATE; ENDOSULFAN; FLORIDA; RECOLONIZATION ID SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE; LITTORAL ENCLOSURES; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; AQUATIC MESOCOSMS; FENVALERATE; TOXICITY; ECOSYSTEM; INVERTEBRATES AB Two six-week laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of pesticides and microcosm size on benthic estuarine macroinvertebrate recolonization. Sediments fortified with the pesticides (fenvalerate: controls, 5 (low) and 50 mu g g(-1) wet sediment (high); endosulfan: controls, 1 (low) and 10 mu g g(-1) wet sediment (high)) were fine-grained, organically rich (approximately 3.5% organic carbon and 22% dry weight) material. Relative dominance of the four most abundant taxa in both experiments was consistent among treatments with few exceptions. The amphipod, Corophium acherusicum, dominated abundance in both experiments. In the fenvalerate experiment, large trays (400 cm(2)) contained significantly (p<0.05) more total number or taxa (TNT) than small microcosms (144 cm(2)) but tray size was not significantly related to total number of organisms (TNO). When size was adjusted to a common unit area, small trays contained significantly more TNO than large containers. Adjusted abundance of small trays was 2.5 times that of large containers; a ratio close to that of microcosm sizes (i.e., 2.8). This result suggests that larval supply may have been inadequate to 'saturate' the available sediment in large containers. Fenvalerate significantly reduced abundance in the high treatment compared to both controls and low treatment but low treatment was not significantly different from controls. The amphipod, Corophium acherusicum, accounted for most of the decrease in abundance in response to fenvalerate. The holothruroid, Leptosynpta sp. and the polychaete, Mediomastus ambiseta, increased in abundance significantly with increased concentration of fenvalerate. Combined effects of actual microcosm size and concentration of endosulfan were not significant for TNO or TNT. As in the fenvalerate experiment, adjusted abundance of small microcosms was 2.6 times that of large trays which approximated the ratio of unit area between microcosm sizes. Abundance of a few taxa responded significantly to adjusted and unadjusted unit area. Abundance of the tunicate, Molgula manhattensis, increased significantly with increased concentration of endosulfan. Abundance was affected by sample location (e.g., interior vs exterior cores) within microcosms. Abundance adjusted to unit area resulted in significantly greater TNO in external vs internal cores. This has importance for sequential sub-sampling of microcosms to determine temporal dynamics. Statistically significant effects were measured in benthic community structure associated with microcosm size; however, the magnitude was relatively small. There appears to be no major biological reason to select one microcosm size over the other for screening for contaminant effects. Where feasible, the small trays provide savings in sample preparation and analysis, allow more replicates where laboratory space is limiting and generate less chemical waste. These benefits may be off-set by less 'artifacts' associated with edge effects of larger microcosms and the need for a larger mass of sediment to accommodate additional analytical requirements (e.g., thin vertical surficial samples to refine contaminant exposure at the sediment/water interface). C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,INST STAT & MATH MODELING,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP FLEMER, DA (reprint author), US EPA,TECH RESOURCES INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 304 IS 2 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1007/BF02579415 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RC896 UT WOS:A1995RC89600001 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR AF GOLDMAN, LR TI EPA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5212 BP 786 EP 786 DI 10.1126/science.7754359 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX850 UT WOS:A1995QX85000005 PM 7754359 ER PT J AU UBEDA, A TRILLO, MA HOUSE, DE BLACKMAN, CF AF UBEDA, A TRILLO, MA HOUSE, DE BLACKMAN, CF TI MELATONIN ENHANCES JUNCTIONAL TRANSFER IN NORMAL C3H/10T1/2 CELLS SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MELATONIN; ONCOSTATIC; DYE TRANSFER; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; GAP JUNCTIONS ID PINEAL HORMONE MELATONIN; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; GAP; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; INVOLVEMENT; INHIBITION; CULTURE; GROWTH; MCF-7 AB Gap junctional intercellular communication is known to be involved in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, and seems to play a crucial role in suppression of tumor promotion. The pineal gland and its hormone, melatonin, are believed to intervene in the control of neoplastic processes, Several possible mechanisms have been suggested to be potentially responsible for melatonin's oncostatic action; however, the actual mechanisms involved in melatonin's effects at the cellular level remain unidentified, In the present study low-density cultures of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts were incubated until relatively quiescent monolayers were established (17-18 days). Gap junctional intercellular communication in control samples and in cells treated with 10(-12) to 10(-8) M melatonin was determined by the scrape-loading assay using the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow, The results showed that concentrations of melatonin considered physiological (10(-11) and 10(-10) M) induced a significant increase in the transfer of the dye to adjacent cells through gap junctions; both higher and lower concentrations were ineffective. These results suggest that melatonin could exert its putative oncostatic action, in part, by modulating the levels of gap junctional intercellular communication, C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP UBEDA, A (reprint author), HOSP RAMON Y CAJAL,DEPT INVEST,E-28034 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03736-G PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RA705 UT WOS:A1995RA70500013 PM 7767915 ER PT J AU ZEPP, RG CALLAGHAN, T ERICKSON, D AF ZEPP, RG CALLAGHAN, T ERICKSON, D TI EFFECTS OF INCREASED SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION ON BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER; LAYER; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOLYSIS; OCEAN AB Increases in solar UV radiation could affect terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles thus altering both sources and sinks of greenhouse and chemically-important trace gases (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbonyl sulfide (COS)). In terrestrial ecosystems, increased UV-B could modify both the production and decomposition of plant matter with concomitant changes in the uptake and release of atmospherically-important trace gases. Decomposition processes can be accelerated when UV-B photodegrades surface litter, or retarded when the dominant effect involves changes in the chemical composition of living tissues that reduce the biodegradability of buried litter. These changes in decomposition can affect microbia[ production of carbon dioxide and other trace gases, and also may affect the availability of nutrients essential for plant growth. Primary production can be reduced by enhanced UV-B, but the effect is variable between species and even cultivars of some crops. Likewise, the effects of enhanced UV-B on photoproduction of CO from plant matter is species dependent and occurs more efficiently from dead than living matter. Aquatic ecosystem studies in several different locations have shown that reductions in current levels of solar UV-B result in enhanced primary production, and Antarctic experiments under the ozone hole demonstrated that primary production is inhibited by enhanced UV-B. In addition to its effects on primary production, solar UV radiation can reduce bacterioplankton growth in the upper ocean with potentially important effects on marine biogeochemical cycles. Decomposition processes can be retarded when bacterial activity is suppressed by enhanced UV-B radiation or stimulated when solar UV radiation photodegrades aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photodegradation of DOM results in loss of UV absorption and formation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), CO, and organic substrates that are readily mineralized or taken up by aquatic microorganisms. The marine sulfur cycle may be affected by UV-B radiation resulting in possible changes in the sea-to-air emissions of COS and dimethylsulfide (DMS), two gases that are degraded to sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere and troposphere, respectively. C1 UNIV MANCHESTER,CTR ARCTIC ECOL,MANCHESTER M13 GP1,LANCS,ENGLAND. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP ZEPP, RG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 68 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 19 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAY PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 181 EP 187 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB824 UT WOS:A1995RB82400006 ER PT J AU MARONI, M AXELRAD, R BACALONI, A AF MARONI, M AXELRAD, R BACALONI, A TI NATO EFFORTS TO SET INDOOR ATR QUALITY GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society conducted a multinational cooperative program involving about 200 experts from 15 countries during 1989-1993 to examine policy strategies in indoor air quality (IAQ) and propose a range of options that could be adopted by NATO nations. This international effort produced recommendations about a wide spectrum of issues related to IAQ. The achievement of health and comfort in the indoor environment combined with energy efficiency can be obtained by a proper control of human exposure to indoor air contantinants. The development of guidelines and standards was recognized as an essential tool in promoting the achievement of high IAQ. In particular, development of guidelines was recommended for pollutant concentration in indoor air, for ventilation, and for emission from materials. Guidelines for methods for IAQ assessment and control and for medical management of building-related complaints and illnesses also were examined and recommended. C1 US EPA,DIV INDOOR AIR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,POSTGRAD SCH OCCUPAT MED,I-00185 ROME,ITALY. RP MARONI, M (reprint author), UNIV MILAN,INST OCCUPAT HLTH,ENVIRONM TOXICOL UNIT,VIA SAN BARNABA 8,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. OI Bacaloni, Alessandro/0000-0002-2806-7886 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0499:NETSIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX158 UT WOS:A1995QX15800010 ER PT J AU BROADWELL, DK DARCEY, DJ HUDNELL, HK OTTO, DA BOYES, WK AF BROADWELL, DK DARCEY, DJ HUDNELL, HK OTTO, DA BOYES, WK TI WORK-SITE CLINICAL AND NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT OF SOLVENT-EXPOSED MICROELECTRONICS WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SOLVENT; NEUROPATHY; NEUROBEHAVIORAL TESTING; MICROELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; NEUROTOXICITY; PAINTERS SYNDROME; PSYCHO-ORGANIC SYNDROME; ENCEPHALOPATHY; MMPI ID PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION CHANGES; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY FUNCTION; CHRONIC TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; CHRONIC PAINTERS SYNDROME; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CEREBRAL-LESIONS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HOUSE PAINTERS; PERSONALITY DISTURBANCE AB Twenty-five workers, five currently and 20 formerly involved in the manufacture of hybrid microcircuits, underwent clinical evaluations at the request of a management-union committee concerned about chronic solvent exposures in a research and development laboratory. A battery of neurobehavioral tests was administered to compare the solvent-exposed group with 32 age-, gender-, ethnicity-, and education-matched controls. The tests included: MMPI-I, hand grip strength, tactile sensitivity, dexterity, color discrimination, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, and tests selected from the computerized Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES2). Clinical narratives and retrospective exposure assessments in the study group suggested chronic low-level exposure to solvents, with intermittent acute excursions. Work-related diagnoses included upper respiratory mucosal irritation and sinusitis (44%), lower respiratory reactive airway disease (12%), and dermatitis (5%). Three workers (12%) had findings consistent with a solvent-induced encephalopathy. Significant differences (after Bonferroni correction) were found between the two groups on 5 of 11 NES subtests: symptom scale, mood scale, finger tapping, simple reaction time, and symbol-digit substitution. Differences also reached significance for overall vibration sensitivity thresholds, visual contrast sensitivity, and grip strength. The MMPI average clinical scale elevation was significantly higher in the exposed group than controls. These results support an association between chronic low-dose solvent exposure and measurable neurobehavioral changes. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED, DURHAM, NC USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA. NR 83 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 677 EP 698 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270505 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU239 UT WOS:A1995QU23900004 PM 7611305 ER PT J AU WHITTEMORE, AS PERLIN, SA DICICCIO, Y AF WHITTEMORE, AS PERLIN, SA DICICCIO, Y TI CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE IN LIFELONG NONSMOKERS - RESULTS FROM NHANES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; PASSIVE SMOKING; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SYMPTOMS AB The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated in 12 980 lifelong nonsmoking adults who participated in one of three National US Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Also evaluated were the relationships between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, and certain environmental and occupational factors. Overall, 4% of men and 5% of women reported physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prevalence increased with age and with decreasing household income, was higher in Whites than in non-Whites, and was particularly high in Hispanic women. Further research is needed to explain the excess risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in economically disadvantaged nonsmokers, and to assess the role of environmental tobacco smoke in nonsmokers' risk for the disease. C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WHITTEMORE, AS (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT HLTH RES & POLICY,REDWOOD BLDG,ROOM T204,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 702 EP 706 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.702 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900018 PM 7733432 ER PT J AU PEDEN, DB SETZER, RW DEVLIN, RB AF PEDEN, DB SETZER, RW DEVLIN, RB TI OZONE EXPOSURE HAS BOTH A PRIMING EFFECT ON ALLERGEN-INDUCED RESPONSES AND AN INTRINSIC INFLAMMATORY ACTION IN THE NASAL AIRWAYS OF PERENNIALLY ALLERGIC ASTHMATICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDREN AB Ozone may play a significant role in the exacerbation of airway disease in asthmatics, either by priming the airway mucosa such that cellular responses to allergen are enhanced or by exerting an intrinsic effect on airway inflammation. Previous investigations of nonasthmatic subjects revealed that ozone induces both nasal and bronchial inflammation, suggesting that nasal responses to ozone may be used as a surrogate marker for the effect of this pollutant on bronchial mucosal inflammation. In this study, the effect of exposure to 0.4 ppm ozone on nasal inflammation in 11 allergic asthmatics sensitive to Dermatophygoides farinae was examined. This study was designed such that the effect of ozone exposure on the late-phase reaction to allergen was emphasized, using eosinophil influx and changes in eosinophil cationic protein as principal endpoints. By employing a ''split-nose'' design, in which allergen was applied to only one side of the nose while saline was applied to the contralateral side, both the effect of ozone on nasal inflammation due to allergen challenge as well as its direct action on non-allergen-challenged nasal tissues was examined. The results reported herein indicate that ozone exposure has both a priming effect on allergen-induced responses as well as an intrinsic inflammatory action in the nasal airways of perennially allergic asthmatics. Peden DB, Setter RW, Jr., Devlin RE. Ozone exposure has both a priming effect on allergen-induced responses and an intrinsic inflammatory action in the nasal airways of perennially allergic asthmatics. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP PEDEN, DB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PULM MED & ALLERGY,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [55-MO1-RR00046] NR 23 TC 151 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 151 IS 5 BP 1336 EP 1345 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA QX804 UT WOS:A1995QX80400010 PM 7735583 ER PT J AU COSTA, DL TEPPER, JS STEVENS, MA WATKINSON, WP DOERFLER, DL GELZLEICHTER, TR LAST, JA AF COSTA, DL TEPPER, JS STEVENS, MA WATKINSON, WP DOERFLER, DL GELZLEICHTER, TR LAST, JA TI RESTRICTIVE LUNG-DISEASE IN RATS EXPOSED CHRONICALLY TO AN URBAN PROFILE OF OZONE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UCLA POPULATION; BONNET MONKEYS; BRONCHIOLITIS; COLLAGEN; DIOXIDE; COHORT; INJURY AB The potential for irreversible lung impairment resulting from life-long ozone (O-3) exposure remains uncertain. To address this question, young adult rats (male, F-344) were exposed to a simulated urban profile of O-3 for 1, 3, 13, 52, or 78 wk, after which pulmonary function tests were performed. To assess reversibility of effects, cohorts from the 13-, 52-, and 78-wk groups were evaluated, respectively, after an additional 6, 27, and 17 wk of clean air. Static and dynamic lung properties were based on measurements of lung volume apportionment, respiratory system compliance (C-rs), DL(CO), multibreath N-2 washout, and maximum expiratory flow-volume relationships. Electrocardiography was also performed in unanesthetized, restrained rats after 52 and 78 wk, as were determinations of wet and dry lung weights, lung collagen, and associated connective tissue crosslinks. Small (< 10%) but significant reductions in TLC and RV were noted after 13, 52, and 78 wk of O-3 exposure. At 13 and 52 wk, N-2 washout was enhanced, though at 78 wk it was similar to control. None of these changes appeared progressive with continued O-3 exposure. Post exposure to Clean air did not completely reverse the reduction in TLC. Additionally, C-rs, though not affected during O-3 exposure, decreased during the air recovery. No O-3-related changes in collagen were apparent, however. Thus, near life-long exposure of F-344 rats to a worse-case, urban profile of O-3 appears to have led to a functionally restrictive, i.e. ''stiffened,'' lung without overt fibrosis. Furthermore, certain aspects of the O-3-induced effect were not fully reversible. RP COSTA, DL (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 151 IS 5 BP 1512 EP 1518 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA QX804 UT WOS:A1995QX80400036 PM 7735608 ER PT J AU NIEMINSKI, EC SCHAEFER, FW ONGERTH, JE AF NIEMINSKI, EC SCHAEFER, FW ONGERTH, JE TI COMPARISON OF 2 METHODS FOR DETECTION OF GIARDIA CYSTS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS IN WATER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER WATER; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB The steps of two immunofluorescent-antibody-based detection methods were evaluated for their efficiencies in detecting Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts, The two methods evaluated were the American Society for Testing and Materials proposed test method for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in low-turbidity water and a procedure employing sampling by membrane filtration, Percoll-Percoll step gradient, and immunofluorescent staining. The membrane filter sampling method was characterized by higher recovery rates in all three types of waters tested: raw surface water, partially treated water from a flocculation basin, and filtered water, Cyst and oocyst recovery efficiencies decreased with increasing water turbidity regardless of the method used. Recoveries of seeded Giardia cysts exceeded those of Cryptosporidium oocysts in all types of water sampled, The sampling step in both methods resulted in the highest loss of seeded cysts and oocysts. Furthermore, much higher recovery efficiencies were obtained when the flotation step was avoided. The membrane filter method, using smaller tubes for flotation, was less time-consuming and cheaper. A serious disadvantage of this method was the lack of confirmation of presumptive cysts and oocysts, leaving the potential for false-positive Giardia and Cryptosporidium counts when cross-reacting algae are present in water samples. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP NIEMINSKI, EC (reprint author), UTAH DEPT ENVIRONM QUAL,POB 144830,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84114, USA. NR 12 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1714 EP 1719 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QW184 UT WOS:A1995QW18400006 PM 7646008 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, CW DOYLE, JD HUGLEY, B AF HENDRICKS, CW DOYLE, JD HUGLEY, B TI A NEW SOLID MEDIUM FOR ENUMERATING CELLULOSE-UTILIZING BACTERIA IN SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CONGO RED; MICROORGANISMS; ENZYMES AB A solid medium containing ashed, acid-washed cellulose and a dye, Congo red, has been developed for enumeration of cellulose-utilizing bacteria in soil. Bacteria able to use the cellulose in this medium produced distinct zones of clearing around their colonies. A vivid contrast between the uniform red color of the medium and these halos made this method of differentiation of these organisms superior to other methods. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP HENDRICKS, CW (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2016 EP 2019 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QW184 UT WOS:A1995QW18400056 PM 16535032 ER PT J AU STAY, FS JARVINEN, AW AF STAY, FS JARVINEN, AW TI USE OF MICROCOSM AND FISH TOXICITY DATA TO SELECT MESOCOSM TREATMENT CONCENTRATIONS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES AB Data from Mixed Flask Culture (MFC) microcosms and fish single species toxicity tests were used to select treatment concentrations for littoral enclosure studies. Selected concentrations were evaluated by comparing the predicted responses to those observed in littoral enclosure studies with a pyrethroid pesticide, esfenvalerate (Lozano et al. 1989) and an organophosphate pesticide, azinphos-methyl (Knuth et al. 1992). Comparisons of the effects predicted by these laboratory studies and effects that occurred in the two littoral enclosure trials provided useful information on the accuracy associated with each prediction. Although the approach did not always predict the exact magnitude or breadth of response found in the littoral enclosures, response levels for each of the selected treatment concentrations were adequate to describe the dose-response relationship of the littoral ecosystem for the two pesticides. The evaluation suggests that selection of treatment concentrations for the two littoral enclosure studies could have been improved by using this approach. RP STAY, FS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT484 UT WOS:A1995QT48400008 PM 7755400 ER PT J AU KUEHL, DW HAEBLER, R AF KUEHL, DW HAEBLER, R TI ORGANOCHLORINE, ORGANOBROMINE, METAL, AND SELENIUM RESIDUES IN BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS) COLLECTED DURING AN UNUSUAL MORTALITY EVENT IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO, 1990 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cis-chlordane, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lindane, octachlorostyrene (OCS), p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDT, dieldrin, triphenylphosphate (TPP), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PB-DPEs) were measured in the blubber, and five metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and manganese) and selenium were measured in the liver of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) obtained from the Gulf of Mexico during an unusual mortality event in 1990. The collection of animals included fetuses, sucklings (<1 year old), immature dolphins (2-5 years old), and adults of both sexes. PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, and PBDPEs were detected in the blubber of each animal. Mean concentrations of organic contaminants were generally highest in adult males. p,p'-DDE was the single component analyte measured at the highest concentration. Immature females had greater concentrations of most chlorinated organics than adult females. Mercury and cadmium concentrations in liver increased with increasing age-class. The correlation between mercury and selenium in all animals was r = 0.96, with a mole ratio of 0.90. Concentrations of lead, manganese, cadmium, and chromium did not follow any particular age-class trend. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 17 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 494 EP 499 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT484 UT WOS:A1995QT48400013 PM 7755403 ER PT J AU BINKOVA, B LEWTAS, J MISKOVA, I LENICEK, J SRAM, R AF BINKOVA, B LEWTAS, J MISKOVA, I LENICEK, J SRAM, R TI DNA-ADDUCTS AND PERSONAL AIR MONITORING OF CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY EXPOSED POPULATION SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; CANCER RISK; ENHANCEMENT; SMOKING; ASSAY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; QUANTITATION; SENSITIVITY; NONSMOKERS AB The effect of personal exposure to air pollution on DNA adducts in humans was analyzed in a group (n = 30) of women working outdoors (up to 8 h/day) as postal workers or gardeners in the city of Teplice, Czech Republic (Northern Bohemia), where winter inversions may result in high levels of air pollution from coal combustion, Ten of these women were followed up during the next winter season by repealed personal exposure monitoring and analysis of the DNA adducts in their white blood cells (in four sampling periods), Personal exposure monitoring for respirable particles (<2.5 mu m) was conducted for the 24 h period prior to collection of blood and urine, Particle extracts were analyzed for carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), Urine samples were collected for cotinine analysis to control for exposure to tobacco smoke, DNA isolated from white blood cells was analyzed by P-32-postlabeling with the butanol enrichment procedure, There were 21 non-smokers and nine light smokers in the pilot study (November 1992) and only non-smokers in the follow-up study (winter season 1993/94), In both studies high personal exposure variability between the individuals sampled on the same day was observed, In the pilot study we found a significantly higher (P < 0.05) level of DNA adducts in the 14 non-smoking women sampled on November 24, when their exposure to carcinogenic PAH was also significantly higher (P < 0.05), compared with seven non-smoking women sampled on November 26, We also found a significant correlation (r = 0.541, P < 0.016) between individual exposure to carcinogenic PAH and DNA adducts for the group of non-smokers (n = 21), No significant difference in DNA adduct levels was found between non-smokers and smokers, In the follow-up study, during one sampling period the ambient and personal air monitors exhibited a significantly elevated exposure to respirable particles and carcinogenic PAH, Analyzing data from the follow-up study, a significant effect of personal exposure on DNA adduct levels and their relationship with short-term exposure to carcinogenic PAH was found, The results suggest that DNA adduct levels in white blood cells reflect a short-term environmental exposure. C1 REG INST HYG CENT BOHEMIA,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DIST INST HYG,TEPLICE,CZECH REPUBLIC. REG INST HYG,USTI NAD LABEM,CZECH REPUBLIC. RP BINKOVA, B (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST EXPTL MED,GENET ECOTOX LAB,VIDENSKA 1083,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 48 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAY PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1046 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.5.1037 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QZ456 UT WOS:A1995QZ45600009 PM 7767962 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, BD AF SOLOMON, BD TI GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS TRADING - EARLY LESSONS FROM THE US ACID-RAIN PROGRAM SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; MARKETABLE PERMITS; EQUITY; PROJECTS; POLICY; INDEX AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is implementing a program of SO2 emission allowance trading as part of the Acid Rain Program authorized by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Electric utilities may use allowance trading as part of their compliance strategy to meet SO2 emission reduction requirements, which begin in 1995. In the interest of a free market in emission credits, some utilities began trading in 1992. A strict but essential requirement for continuous-emissions monitoring was developed to support the trading program. This program is being widely watched and will be evaluated as part of an effort to determine if market concepts can be successfully extended to other environmental issues. One such issue is greenhouse gas emissions and their link with global warming and climate change. This paper focuses on the early lessons learned, issues, and challenges involved in going from a domestic electric utility SO2 emissions trading program to inter-industry, inter-gas and international as well as national emissions trading and offsets programs. Prominent among these issues are CO2 allowance allocations, equity, emissions monitoring, enforcement, and cost-effectiveness. RP SOLOMON, BD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ACID RAIN,401 M ST SW,6204-J,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF01093226 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC884 UT WOS:A1995RC88400005 ER PT J AU EHRICH, M VERONESI, B AF EHRICH, M VERONESI, B TI ESTERASE COMPARISON IN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS OF HUMAN AND RODENT ORIGIN SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPHAR 1994 Satellite Symposium on In Vitro Neurotoxicology CY JUL, 1994 CL VAL MORIN, CANADA DE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CARBOXYLESTERASE; INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES; NEUROBLASTOMA; NEUROPATHY TARGET ESTERASE AB 1. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuropathy target esterase (NTE), and carboxylesterase (CbxE) were compared in neuroblastoma cells of human origin (SH-SY5Y) and murine origin (NB41A3). 2. Mouse neuroblastoma cells had lower specific activities of NTE and CbxE than did human neuroblastoma cells; specific activities in the murine cells correlated with specific activities in mouse brain. 3. AChE activities in mouse and human neuroblastoma cells were considerably lower than AChE activities in mouse or hen brain. 4. Inhibition of esterases did not demonstrate interspecies differences for 12 of the 17 anti-esterase compounds tested with human and mouse neuroblastoma cells. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP EHRICH, M (reprint author), VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL AUSTR PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0305-1870 J9 CLIN EXP PHARMACOL P JI Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5 BP 385 EP 386 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02027.x PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology GA RA297 UT WOS:A1995RA29700020 PM 7554440 ER PT J AU ZAROOGIAN, G ANDERSON, S AF ZAROOGIAN, G ANDERSON, S TI COMPARISON OF CADMIUM, NICKEL AND BENZO(A)PYRENE UPTAKE INTO CULTURED BROWN CELLS OF THE HARD SHELL CLAM, MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; NICKEL; BENZO(A)PYRENE; MERCENARIA; BROWN CELLS; UPTAKE; SULFHYDRYL; INHIBITORS ID LUNG CARCINOMA-CELLS; CALCIUM CHANNELS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; GLUTATHIONE; ACCUMULATION; HEPATOCYTES; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; MERCURY; COPPER AB Cadmium and nickel uptake into M. mercenaria brown cells increased curvilinearly with solute concentration, whereas benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] uptake is linear at concentrations studied. Uptake appeared to be a process of facilitated diffusion which is more efficient at lower Cd2+ and Ni2+ concentrations. Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, which blocks glutathione synthesis significantly inhibited Cd2+, Ni2+ and B(a)P uptake. It appears that sites other than Ca2+ channels and a sulfhydryl sensitive system are involved in Cd2+, Ni2+ and B(a)P uptake into Mercenaria brown cells. RP ZAROOGIAN, G (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 111 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00014-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA RE798 UT WOS:A1995RE79800013 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP KOERPER, GJ HARMON, ME LEE, JJ AF TURNER, DP KOERPER, GJ HARMON, ME LEE, JJ TI A CARBON BUDGET FOR FORESTS OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION; CARBON POOLS AND FLUX; CARBON SOURCES AND SINKS; FOREST CARBON BUDGET; FOREST INVENTORY; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; REGIONAL CARBON STORAGE; SOIL CARBON; TREE HARVEST; UNITED STATES; WOODY DEBRIS ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MANAGED FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; LATIN-AMERICA; LAND-USE; STORAGE; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; CYCLE; CO2 AB The potential need for national-level comparisons of greenhouse gas emissions, and the desirability of understanding terrestrial sources and sinks of carbon, has prompted interest in quantifying national forest carbon budgets. In this study, we link a forest inventory database, a set of stand-level carbon budgets, and information on harvest levels in order to estimate the current pools and flux of carbon in forests of the conterminous United States. The forest inventory specifies the region, forest type, age class, productivity class, management intensity, and ownership of all timberland. The stand-level carbon budgets are based on growth and yield tables, in combination with additional information on carbon in soils: the forest floor, woody debris, and the understory. Total carbon in forests of the conterminous U.S. is estimated at 36.7 Pg, with half of that in the soil compartment. Tree carbon represents 33% of the total, followed by woody debris (10%), the forest floor (6%), and the understory (1%). The carbon uptake associated with net annual growth is 331 Tg, however, much of that is balanced by harvest-related mortality (266 Tg) and decomposition of woody debris. The forest land base at the national level is accumulating 79 Tg/yr, with the largest carbon gain in the Northeast region. The similarity in the magnitude of the biologically driven flux and the harvest-related flux indicates the importance of employing an age-class-based inventory, and of including effects associated with forest harvest and harvest residue, when modeling national carbon budgets in the temperate zone. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 76 TC 295 Z9 343 U1 6 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.2307/1942033 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QY378 UT WOS:A1995QY37800019 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D KERN, J TOLG, M AF BACHELET, D KERN, J TOLG, M TI BALANCING THE RICE CARBON BUDGET IN CHINA USING SPATIALLY-DISTRIBUTED DATA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE CARBON; METHANE; PRODUCTION, PRIMARY; RICE ID METHANE; TRANSPORT; PADDIES; CLIMATE AB Rice paddies are a source of food for over half of the world population and also the source of a very potent greenhouse gas, methane. We used the FAO soil map of the world to produce a high-resolution rice location map. Using published GIS-linked climate-based and yield-based empirical models, we calculated the net primary production (NPP) of rice fields in China. Values varied between 136.10(12) g C using climate drivers from digital maps to 222.10(12) g C using published grain production figures for 1988. We assumed that either 5% of NPP or 30% of the organic matter added to the soil during rice cultivation was transformed into methane, adding up to a total emission of 7 to 16.10(12) g C. We also gathered published data on fertilizer inputs and management practices and, using linear regression techniques, calculated the correlation between methane emission and carbon inputs to obtain a total emission value of 10.10(12) g C. Using the results for NPP (135-222.10(12) g C), methane emission (7-16.10(12) g C) and published grain production figures, we balanced the carbon budget of rice paddies estimating soil respiration at 51.10(12) g C for all Chinese rice fields or 159 g C m(-2) y(-1) for an average Chinese rice field, a number which agrees with published values for similar systems. This result confirmed our assumption that rice soils in China, where rice cultivation has occurred for several thousand years, were neither losing nor accruing carbon. However, any changes in the hydrology of these soils may transform them into significant carbon sources. Using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAG) digital map of the soils of the world, we estimated soil carbon content for the rice-growing regions of China and quantified the potential carbon losses that would occur if these soils were drained. C1 FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,W-8100 GARMISCH PARTENKIR,GERMANY. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00031-C PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV047 UT WOS:A1995QV04700015 ER PT J AU ROZOVSKY, I LAPING, NJ KROHN, K TETER, B OCALLAGHAN, JP FINCH, CE AF ROZOVSKY, I LAPING, NJ KROHN, K TETER, B OCALLAGHAN, JP FINCH, CE TI TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN BY CORTICOSTERONE IN RAT ASTROCYTES IN-VITRO IS INFLUENCED BY THE DURATION OF TIME IN CULTURE AND BY ASTROCYTE-NEUTRON INTERACTIONS SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; REACTIVE GLIOSIS; BRAIN; NEURONS; GROWTH; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HIPPOCAMPUS; EXPRESSION; GENES AB In the rat hippocampus and cortex, the transcription of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte intermediate filament protein, is inhibited by glucocorticoids. The present study examined the regulation of GFAP expression by glucocorticoids in astrocytes in vitro. Corticosterone (CORT) increased GFAP messenger RNA, protein, and transcription rates in cultured primary neonatal astrocytes, responses opposite the GFAP responses to CORT in vivo. The direction of GFAP regulation by corticosterone in vitro is reversed by coculture with neurons or by extended culture for 3 months. The switch in the direction of GFAP regulation by CORT during prolonged culture is associated with a 3-fold increased prevalence of type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR). These findings were corroborated with a promoter construct that contained 1.9 kilobases of 5'-up-stream rat GFAP DNA with a luciferase reporter. Thus, the direction of GFAP transcription to CORT is subject to the postreplicative time in culture and to interactions with neurons, in which 5'-up-stream sequences contain sufficient information to mediate the switch in the direction of the response to CORT. This in vitro model may be used to analyze how interactions of astrocytes with neurons or other cell types influence the hormonal regulation of GFAP. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT BIOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,DEPT RENAL PHARMACOL,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ROZOVSKY, I (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,ETHEL PERCY ANDRUS GERONTOL CTR,3715 MCCLINTOCK AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-05593, AG-7909] NR 41 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2066 EP 2073 DI 10.1210/en.136.5.2066 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QU628 UT WOS:A1995QU62800037 PM 7720656 ER PT J AU LAHVIS, GP WELLS, RS KUEHL, DW STEWART, JL RHINEHART, HL VIA, CS AF LAHVIS, GP WELLS, RS KUEHL, DW STEWART, JL RHINEHART, HL VIA, CS TI DECREASED LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSES IN FREE-RANGING BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CONCENTRATIONS OF PCBS AND DDT IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmentally Induced Alterations in Development: A Focus on Wildlife CY DEC 10-12, 1993 CL RACINE, WI DE DOLPHIN; TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS; MARINE; STRANDINGS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTE; CONTAMINANT; POLYCHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; PCB (POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL); DDT (1,1,1-TRICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)ETHANE) ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; MICE; CANADA; EXPOSURE; IMMUNOTOXICITY; AROCLOR-1254; PARAMETERS AB Since 1987, large-scale mortalities of dolphins have been reported along the Atlantic coast of North America, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Mediterranean Sea. Autopsied bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, which were collected from the large-scale mortality along the Atlantic coast in 1987 to 1988, exhibited opportunistic infections indicative of immune dysfunction. Further, these animals had high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as PCBs and DDT, that can suppress immune functions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between chemical contaminant exposure and immune response in free-ranging dolphins. In June of 1991, peripheral blood was obtained from members of a bottlenose dolphin population that resides along the west coast of Florida. Peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were determined in vitro and compared by regression analysis with contaminant concentrations in whole blood from a small subset of these animals (n = 5). These data indicate that a reduced immune response in these bottlenose dolphins was correlated with increasing whole blood concentrations of several contaminants. Specifically, inverse correlations were found between Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and tetrachlorinated to octachlorinated biphenyls (r(2) values ranged from 0.70 to 0.87). Con A-induced lymphocyte responses also correlated inversely with p,p(')DDT (r(2) values of 0.73 and 0.79); o,p(')- DDE (r(2) values of 0.93 and 0.96); and p,p'- DDE (r(2) values of 0.73 and 0.81). C1 CHICAGO ZOOL SOC,SARASOTA,FL. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. DOLPHIN BIOL RES INST,SARASOTA,FL. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. VET ADM MED CTR,RES SERV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP LAHVIS, GP (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BRESSLER RES BLDG,RM 13009,655 W BALTIMORE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 46 TC 165 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 103 SU 4 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.2307/3432414 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RC577 UT WOS:A1995RC57700011 PM 7556026 ER PT J AU WEBER, EJ ADAMS, RL AF WEBER, EJ ADAMS, RL TI CHEMICAL-MEDIATED AND SEDIMENT-MEDIATED REDUCTION OF THE AZO-DYE DISPERSE-BLUE-79 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL PARATHION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER-SYSTEMS; FENITROTHION; DEGRADATION; FATE AB Disperse Blue 79, a large volume disperse azo dye, and 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (BDNA), an important intermediate in the preparation of Disperse Blue 79, were readily reduced chemically and in three anoxic sediment-water systems studied; half-lives were on the order of minutes to hours. No reduction of Disperse Blue 79 or BDNA was observed however in a sediment-water system containing sediment with low organic carbon. The reaction kinetics of Disperse Blue 79 in the reducing Sediments are biphasic, that is, the initial rapid loss of dye is followed by a much slower rate of transformation. The reaction pathways for the chemical and sediment-mediated reduction of Disperse Blue 79 were quite similar, suggesting that the chemical reduction of such complex chemicals can provide valuable insight into their reaction pathways in environmental systems. For Disperse Blue 79, a number of reaction products resulting from the reduction of both the azo linkage and aromatic nitro groups were formed. The sediment-mediated reduction of BDNA was regioselective resulting in the formation of a 3-bromo-5-nitro-1,2-diaminobenzene, which was further reduced at a much slower rate to B-bromo-1,2,4-triaminobenzene. These results suggest that Disperse Blue 79 and BDNA may undergo reduction in some natural anoxic sediments, resulting in the subsequent release of potentially hazardous aromatic amines to the water column. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP WEBER, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 35 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 9 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1170 DI 10.1021/es00005a005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000016 PM 22192007 ER PT J AU VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG ANKLEY, GT CALL, DJ AF VEITH, GD MEKENYAN, OG ANKLEY, GT CALL, DJ TI QSAR EVALUATION OF ALPHA-TERTHIENYL PHOTOTOXICITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CYTO-TOXICITY; MODELS AB The concept that phototoxic chemicals can be identified in chemical risk assessments by computing the energy difference between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO gap) was evaluated using two new sets of phototoxicity data from the recent literature. The original model, developed from data with unsubstituted PAH toxicity to Daphnia magna, showed that phototoxicity was observed when the HOMO-LUMO gap varied between 6.7 and 7.5 eV. All substituted alpha-terthienyls that were phototoxic to mosquito larvae and to brine shrimp had HOMO-LUMO gap energies within the 7.1 +/- 0.4 eV ''phototoxicity window''. The alpha-terthienyls within this range that did not exhibit phototoxicity contained carboxyl or other polar substituents,which likely prevented bioaccumulation in the organisms. Polyamino and polynitro derivatives of toluene in munitions wastes were reported to be phototoxic to sea urchins even though the HOMO-LUMO gap energies exceeded 8.0 eV. Because the same toluenes were not phototoxic to D. magna nor to Escherichia coli, we suggest that the developmental effects observed in the sea urchins were caused by electrophilic species from metabolic activation rather than the production of oxygen radicals from photo induced excited states of the molecules. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPER RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. RP VEITH, GD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1272 DI 10.1021/es00005a019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000030 PM 22192021 ER PT J AU ORZECHOWSKA, GE POZIOMEK, EJ HODGE, VF ENGELMANN, WH AF ORZECHOWSKA, GE POZIOMEK, EJ HODGE, VF ENGELMANN, WH TI USE OF SONOCHEMISTRY IN MONITORING CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been examining the potential of combining sonication with available measurement technologies for monitoring chlorinated hydrocarbons in water. The chloride ion (Cl-) concentration, conductivity, and pH were measured before and after sonication. Cl- could be detected in aqueous solutions of 3-80 ppm carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform (CHCl3), and trichloroethylene (TCE) after 1 min of sonication. The increases of Cl- were accompanied by increases in conductivity and decreases in pH. The conductivity changes were higher than expected based on measured Cl-. Ion chromatography of solutions before and after sonication showed that formate ion (HCOO-) was also formed. Other ions may have formed as well, but the concentrations were too low to allow their detection relative to HCOO- and Cl-. The results achieved serve as proof-of-principle and form a base of information which can be used to develop ultrasound monitoring methods for these compounds. Aromatic and polyaromatic chloro compounds represented by chlorobenzene (Ph-Cl) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), respectively, did not release Cl- upon sonication as readily as did CCl4, CHCl3, and TCE. The PCB solutions gave no measurable changes in either Cl-, conductivity, or pH under the conditions of the experiments described. C1 UNIV NEVADA,HARRY REID CTR ENVIRONM STUDIES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1021/es00005a033 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000044 PM 22192035 ER PT J AU VAISHNAV, DD ANDERSON, RL AF VAISHNAV, DD ANDERSON, RL TI UPTAKE AND LOSS OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR ISRAELENSIS BY DAPHNIA-MAGNA IN LABORATORY EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; MICROBIAL PEST CONTROL AGENT; SPORE ACCUMULATION; SPORE DEPURATION; DAPHNIA ID CHIRONOMIDAE; DIPTERA AB We determined the ingestion and loss of the spores of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) by a nontarget organism Daphnia magna. Daphnids were either not fed or fed during the exposure to the spores. The results showed that (a) the uptake rates with unfed and fed daphnids were approximately first-order with respect to spore concentration, and the rate constants for unfed and fed daphnids were 5.5 x 10(-5) and 1.4 x 10(-7) L daphnid(-1) h(-1), respectively, and (b) unfed and fed daphnids rapidly depurated the majority of the accumulated spores, and the depuration rate constants for unfed and fed daphnids were 0.13 and 0.15 h(-1), respectively. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. UNIV WISCONSIN SUPER,LAKE SUPER RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[763:UALOBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600004 ER PT J AU HANNAN, PJ AF HANNAN, PJ TI A NOVEL DETECTION SCHEME FOR HERBICIDAL RESIDUES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SULFONYLUREAS; DETECTION; CHLORELLA; GAS EXCHANGE ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; SULFOMETURON METHYL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; WATER; SOIL; CHLORSULFURON AB It is relatively simple to determine the growth rate of a microorganism culture, minute-by-minute, by monitoring the CO2 content of an air stream that has passed through the culture at a constant rate. Any change in the growth rate caused by the addition of a toxicant is readily detectable. This is the basis of a procedure for detecting sulfonylurea herbicides on vegetation. A freshwater alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa sorokiniana) and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were the test organisms evaluated in this study. The alga was the more sensitive to sulfonylureas, and the effect of 0.01 mu g of a sulfonylurea that had been simply leached from an apple leaf was evident in 15 min. Triazine herbicides inhibit the Chlorella even more rapidly than the sulfonylureas. RP HANNAN, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,AARP,SENIOR ENVIRONM EMPLOYEE PROGRAM,MAIL CODE 7507C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[775:ANDSFH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600006 ER PT J AU NEWSTED, JL GIESY, JP ANKLEY, GT TILLITT, DE CRAWFORD, RA GOOCH, JW JONES, PD DENISON, MS AF NEWSTED, JL GIESY, JP ANKLEY, GT TILLITT, DE CRAWFORD, RA GOOCH, JW JONES, PD DENISON, MS TI DEVELOPMENT OF TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS FOR PCB CONGENERS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF TCDD AND PCB MIXTURES IN RAINBOW-TROUT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIOXIN; PCB; TEF; FISH; MONOOXYGENASE ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; FISH STENOTOMUS-CHRYSOPS; HEPATOMA-CELL LINE; GREAT-LAKES FISH; AH RECEPTOR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MONOOXYGENASE SYSTEM; CROSS-REACTIVITY AB This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between mammalian and piscine 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, based on induction of CYP1A enzyme activity, catalytic protein, and mRNA. Rainbow trout administered a single i.p, injection of TCDD had an average (+/-SD) ED50 of 0.91 +/- 0.14 mu g TCDD/kg for induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Ortho-substituted PCB congeners 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118), 2,3,3'4,4'5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 156), and 2,2'3,4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 138) did not induce CYP1A activity in rainbow trout. Only three non-ortho-substituted PCBs, i.e., 3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), and 3,3'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) induced CYP1A enzyme activity, protein, and mRNA. The ED50s for induction of EROD activity were calculated as 134, 5.82, and 93.7 mu(g)/kg for PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169, respectively. The TCDD-TEFs based on EROD activity were 0.0006, 0.0014, and 0.0003 for PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169, respectively. Binary mixtures of TCDD and three PCBs were also evaluated. Based on EROD activity and CYP1A protein, mixtures of TCDD and PCB 77 were slightly greater than additive. Mixtures of TCDD-PCB 156 and TCDD-PCB 126 were slightly less than additive. Results from these studies indicate that mammal-derived TEFs will underestimate the potency of planar chlorinated hydrocarbon mixtures to induce the CYP1A catalytic activity in rainbow trout. Also, while interactions among PCB congeners and TCDD were somewhat equivocal, they did not greatly differ from predicted additive responses. C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN 55804. NATL BIOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UNIV MARYLAND SYST,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP NEWSTED, JL (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 48 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 17 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 861 EP 871 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[861:DOTEFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600018 ER PT J AU MONSON, PD ANKLEY, GT KOSIAN, PA AF MONSON, PD ANKLEY, GT KOSIAN, PA TI PHOTOTOXIC RESPONSE OF LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS TO SEDIMENTS CONTAMINATED BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOACTIVATION; BENTHOS; TOXICITY; IN SITU ID TOXICITY; ANTHRACENE; WATER AB The toxicity of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to aquatic organisms can be greatly increased upon exposure of the organisms to ultraviolet (UV) radiation present in sunlight. The phenomenon of photoactivation of PAHs had received some attention in the laboratory; however, evaluation of the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs in field settings has been limited. in our studies, in situ chambers made from Pyrex((R)) glass tubes were used to evaluate the phototoxic response of laboratory-cultured oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) in sediments contaminated with PAHs. These experiments were conducted using both sunlight-exposed and shaded test chambers. In addition to the PAH-contaminated site, a reference site lacking PAHs was tested as a control. Survival of L. variegatus at the PAH-contaminated site was significantly less in chambers exposed to sunlight than in chambers held in the dark, or chambers from the reference site. Concurrent laboratory studies with sediment collected from the two sites and an artificial source of UV light corroborated observations made in the field. Although a number of PAHs were present at elevated concentrations in the test sample, further work is required to determine exactly which were responsible for the observed phototoxicity. C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN 55804. INTEGRATED SYST LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP MONSON, PD (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 13 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[891:PROLVT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600022 ER PT J AU TOUSSAINT, MW SHEDD, TR VANDERSCHALIE, WH LEATHER, GR AF TOUSSAINT, MW SHEDD, TR VANDERSCHALIE, WH LEATHER, GR TI A COMPARISON OF STANDARD ACUTE TOXICITY TESTS WITH RAPID-SCREENING TOXICITY TESTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; TOXICITY TEST; SCREENING TESTS ID FRESH-WATER ORGANISMS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA STRAUS; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; FATHEAD MINNOW; SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MICROTOX TEST; CHEMICALS; BIOASSAYS AB This study compared the relative sensitivity of five inexpensive, rapid toxicity tests to the sensitivity of five standard aquatic acute toxicity tests through literature review and testing. The rapid toxicity tests utilized organisms that require little culturing or handling prior to testing: a freshwater rotifer (Branchionus calyciflorus); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); lettuce (Loctuca sativa); and two microbial tests (Photobacterium phosphoreum - Microtox((R)) test, and a mixture of bacterial species - the Polytox((R)) test). Standard acute toxicity test species included water fleas (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia), green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum), fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia). Sensitivity comparisons between rapid and standard acute toxicity tests were based on LC50/EC5D data from 11 test chemicals. Individually, the lettuce and rotifer tests ranked most similar in sensitivity to the standard tests, while Microtox fell just outside the range of sensitivities represented by the group of standard acute toxicity tests. The brine shrimp and Polytox tests were one or more orders of magnitude different from the standard acute toxicity tests for most compounds. The lettuce, rotifer, and Microtox tests could be used as a battery for preliminary toxicity screening of chemicals. Further evaluation of complex ''real-world'' environmental samples is recommended. C1 USA,BIOMED RES & DEV LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. HOOD COLL,DEPT BIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP TOUSSAINT, MW (reprint author), GEOCENTERS INC,10903 INDIAN HEAD HWY,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744, USA. NR 95 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 46 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[907:ACOSAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QV456 UT WOS:A1995QV45600024 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB BARTKE, A OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB BARTKE, A OCALLAGHAN, JP TI INCREASED GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP) LEVELS IN THE BRAINS OF TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING THE BOVINE GROWTH-HORMONE (BGH) GENE SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Aging CY JUL 24-28, 1994 CL BREGENZ, AUSTRIA SP SO ILLINOIS UNIV CARBONDALE, PRESIDENTS OFF, SO ILLINOIS UNIV CARBONDALE, GRAD SCH, SO ILLINOIS UNIV SCH MED, SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, USA & LAND VORARLBERG, AUSTRIA DE GROWTH HORMONE; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ASTROCYTES; MICE; CORTICOSTERONE; TRANSGENICS ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; REACTIVE GLIOSIS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MESSENGER-RNA; FUSION GENES; RAT-BRAIN; MOUSE; CORTICOSTERONE; DISEASE AB Transgenic mice, expressing the gene for bovine growth hormone (bGH), exhibit increased body size, reduced reproductive capacity, and high basal levels of several hormones including corticosterone. Their shortened life span may be indicative of accelerated aging. As prominent astrogliosis of the CNS accompanies aging in rodents, bGH transgenic mice were examined for astrogliosis, as quantified by an ELISA for the astrocyte-localized protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Transgenic mice were produced by mating C57BL/6 x C3H F1 hybrid females with male descendants of animals produced by microinjection of fertilized eggs with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)/bGH-hybrid gene. Transgenic mice (similar to 3.5 and similar to 12 months of age) weighed significantly more than same age or older (similar to 20 month) controls. Most of their internal organs, including the heart, kidneys, adrenals, liver, and spleen, were also heavier. In contrast, the thymus was heavier only in the younger transgenic mice. Serum corticosterone was highest in the older transgenic mice. A small but significant increase in whole brain, cortex, and cerebellar weight, relative to controls and the older transgenic mice, was found in the younger transgenic mice. Control mice exhibited large, significant age-related increases in GFAP. Increases of 35, 70, 68, 89, 79, and 95% for cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brain stem, respectively, were found when comparing the oldest (similar to 20 months) control mice to the youngest (similar to 3.5 months). In contrast, in the olfactory tory bulbs and the hypothalamus there were no age-related changes in the levels of GFAP in control mice. Transgenic mice (similar to 3.5 months) had significantly elevated GFAP levels relative to the same-age controls in all brain areas examined. In some brain areas, the GFAP levels found in the younger transgenic mice were equivalent to those found in the oldest controls. No differences between controls and transgenics were found in tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels of striatum or hypothalamus. The elevated GFAP levels of transgenic mice may reflect increased neural damage due to accelerated aging processes or damage associated with high circulating levels of bGH or corticosterone. Alternatively, the increased expression of GFAP in the transgenic mice may reflect altered regulation of GFAP rather than an increase signaled by neural damage. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,CARBONDALE,IL. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Bartke, Andzej/D-6640-2017 OI Bartke, Andzej/0000-0002-2569-557X FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-42137] NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD MAY-AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0531-5565(94)00064-A PG 18 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RA381 UT WOS:A1995RA38100016 PM 7556516 ER PT J AU CHENG, PW BOAT, TF SHAIKH, S WANG, OL HU, PC COSTA, DL AF CHENG, PW BOAT, TF SHAIKH, S WANG, OL HU, PC COSTA, DL TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF OZONE ON LUNG EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID VOLUME AND PROTEIN-CONTENT SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LUNG LAVAGE; ELF; OZONE ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; EXPOSURE; PERMEABILITY; UREA; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; TRACHEA AB Urea dilution ha been used to estimate the volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in the respiratory tract. However, ELF volume may be overestimated as the result of rapid net diffusion of urea from tissues into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. This study established a protocol for rat BAL in a manner that minimizes this problem and then used this procedure to examine the edemagenic effects of ozone (0(3)) exposure on ELF volume and the concentrations of ELF protein and albumin. One passage lavage with variable dwell times up to 30 s showed no difference in recovered urea, protein, and albumin and ELF volume between 0 and 4 s, but a progressive increase of each thereafter. The calculated concentrations of protein and albumin in ELF did not vary significantly with dwell time. By increasing the number of lavage passages from one to three, the amounts of recovered urea, protein, and albumin and estimated ELF volume were increased with each passage. Again, the calculated concentrations of protein and albumin in ELF did not vary appreciably. When a single lavage passage and no added dwell time were used, it war observed that exposure of rats to 2 but not 0.5 and 1 ppm 0(3) increased urea, protein, and albumin in the BAL immediately after 6 h exposure. In addition, at 18 h postexposure to 1 ppm 0(3), ELF volume increased only 21%, but protein and albumin concentrations in ELF were 2.3- and 4.5-fold of control values, respectively. A higher 0(3) concentration (2 ppm) moderately increased ELF volume (+ 83%) and exerted even greater effects on concentrations of ELF protein (7.8-fold) and albumin (19-fold) while lower 0(3) dosage (0.5 ppm) had no significant effect. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that small serum proteins including albumin were greatly enriched in lung BAL fluid of 1 ppm 0(3)-exposed rats. These results demonstrate that movement of water and protein into the airspaces after 0(3) exposure is not strictly coupled and that protein recovery by BAL should cautiously be used to indicate airspace edema as a result of 0(3) injury. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHENG, PW (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,635 CLIN SCI BLDG,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.3109/01902149509023713 PG 15 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA QZ130 UT WOS:A1995QZ13000001 PM 7621774 ER PT J AU ZELIKOFF, JT BERTIN, JE BURBACHER, TM HUNTER, ES MILLER, RK SILBERGELD, EK TABACOVA, S ROGERS, JM AF ZELIKOFF, JT BERTIN, JE BURBACHER, TM HUNTER, ES MILLER, RK SILBERGELD, EK TABACOVA, S ROGERS, JM TI HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH PRENATAL METAL EXPOSURE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; GENERAL-POPULATION; MERCURY EXPOSURE; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; BONE; PREGNANCY; TOXICITY; EMBRYOS; INFANTS AB A symposium entitled Health Risks Associated with Prenatal Metal Exposure was held at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in Dallas, Texas. The symposium was cosponsored by the Metals and Reproductive and Developmental Specialty Sections of SOT and was designed to elaborate the health risks associated with in utero exposure to metals commonly found in the workplace and/or ambient environment on the mother and developing offspring. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence that demonstrates the health effects and underlying mechanisms associated with exposure to arsenic (As), lead (Ph), and methyl mercury (MeHg) were discussed, as well as the legal ramifications and personal implications associated with prenatal metal exposure. The following is a summary of each of the individual presentations. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 NYU,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10032. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NATL CTR HYG & MED ECOL,BU-1431 SOFIA,BULGARIA. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1052 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QY808 UT WOS:A1995QY80800001 PM 7665000 ER PT J AU DEJONGH, J DEVITO, M NIEBOER, R BIRNBAUM, L VANDENBERG, M AF DEJONGH, J DEVITO, M NIEBOER, R BIRNBAUM, L VANDENBERG, M TI INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOENZYMES AFTER TOXICOKINETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL IN THE LIVER OF THE MOUSE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; CHLORINATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; AH RECEPTOR; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; C57BL/6J MOUSE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; COPLANAR PCBS; HUMAN-MILK AB One group of male C57BL/6J mice received a single oral dose of 1 nmol 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg. Six other groups received single oral doses of 100, 300, or 1000 mu mol 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB)/kg, alone or in combination with 1 nmol/kg TCDD. Liver deposition of both compounds was studied at Day 3 after dosage. Hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 protein levels and related 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (EROD) and acetanilide 4-hydroxylation (ACOH) activities were also studied. A significant increase in the hepatic deposition of TCDD was observed in all three mixed dose groups but TCDD did not influence hepatic HxCB deposition. TCDD did increase both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 protein levels. In the HxCB-treated groups, CYP1A2 levels were also increased in a dose-dependent way but CYP1A1 levels were not increased. CYP1A2 activities (ACOH), but not protein levels, in the TCDD groups cotreated with HxCB were higher than those in the group treated with TCDD alone. CYP1A1-dependent EROD activity and CYP1A2-dependent ACOH activity were induced in all treated dose groups. It is concluded that the present results do not confirm a direct role of CYP1A2 induction in the increase of hepatic TCDD levels by HxCB cotreatment in the mixed HxCB/TCDD dose groups. However, in this aspect, the discrepancy between CYP1A2 activities and protein levels remains to be explained. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR EXPTL MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DEJONGH, J (reprint author), UNIV UTRECHT,TOXICOL RES INST,POB 80176,3508 TD UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1062 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QY808 UT WOS:A1995QY80800011 PM 7665010 ER PT J AU KOREN, HS BROMBERG, PA AF KOREN, HS BROMBERG, PA TI RESPIRATORY RESPONSES OF ASTHMATICS TO OZONE SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium of the Collegium-Internationale-Allergologicum on Molecular and Clinical Implications for Allergy in the 21st-Century CY SEP 25-29, 1994 CL NANTUCKET, MA SP Collegium Int Allergologicum DE ASTHMA; OZONE; ALLERGEN; DUST MITE; NASAL LAVAGE ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION AB Asthmatic individuals in the general population appear to be susceptible to disease exacerbation during summertime 'smog' episodes (ambient air pollution containing other pollutants in addition to ozone). Although controlled exposure to ozone causes acute decrements in lung function, asthmatic subjects are only marginally more susceptible to these effects. Ozone exposure also causes respiratory tract inflammatory changes, both in normals and asthmatics. Recent studies suggest that ozone pre-exposure augments the responses of allergic asthmatics to nasal and inhalation challenge with specific antigen. This may offer one possible explanation for the findings of field studies. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PD MAY-JUL PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA RM261 UT WOS:A1995RM26100073 PM 7613140 ER PT J AU HEMMER, MJ COURTNEY, LA ORTEGO, LS AF HEMMER, MJ COURTNEY, LA ORTEGO, LS TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN IN TELEOST TISSUES USING MAMMALIAN POLYCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE GENE; OVARY CELL MUTANTS; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; TUMOR-TISSUES; PERMEABILITY; HOMOLOGY; CORTISOL; PROTEIN; JSB-1 AB Mammalian P-glycoprotein is a highly conserved 170-kD integral plasma membrane protein functioning as an energy-dependent efflux pump of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic aromatic compounds entering the cell by diffusion. In this study, the tissue specificities of one polyclonal (pAb) and three monoclonal (mAbs) antibodies to mammalian P-glycoprotein were identified in paraffin-embedded, parasagittal whole-body sections of the guppy Poecilia reticulata. Polyclonal antibody mdr(Ab-l) and mAbs C219, C494, and JSB-1 demonstrated differential staining patterns in the following tissues: bile canaliculi in the liver, exocrine pancreas, lumenal surface of the intestinal epithelium, renal tubules, interrenal tissue, branchial blood vessels, gas gland, pseudobranch, and the gill transverse septa. Positive P-glycoprotein expression in P. reticulata correlates well with published results for homologous mammalian tissues of secretory and excretory function. These data indicate that one or more highly conserved members of the P-glycoprotein transporter family exist in a teleost species and can be detected using commercially available mammalian antibodies. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACOL,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. GULF COAST RES LAB,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS 39564. RP HEMMER, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 272 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1002/jez.1402720109 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QY849 UT WOS:A1995QY84900008 PM 7738518 ER PT J AU MARTIN, PM OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MARTIN, PM OCALLAGHAN, JP TI A DIRECT COMPARISON OF GFAP IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY AND GFAP CONCENTRATION IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF ETHANOL-FIXED RAT AND MOUSE-BRAIN SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE ASTROCYTE; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ELISA; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; ETHANOL FIXATION; (RAT); (MOUSE) ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; REACTIVE ASTROCYTES; NEUROTOXICITY; EXPRESSION; INCREASES; INJURY; ASSAY; CNS AB Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining is the most commonly used method to examine the distribution of astrocytes and the hypertrophy of astrocytes in response to neural degeneration or injury. More recently, a variety of biochemical assays for GFAP have been developed. Both qualitative immunocytochemical evaluations of GFAP and quantitative biochemical measurements of GFAP have been used to examine the regional distribution of GFAP within the central nervous system (CNS). The former method has largely been based on aldehyde-fixed tissue, while the latter approach has been based on the use of fresh tissue extracts or homogenates. In the present study, we used ethanol as a fixative to permit both immunocytochemical and biochemical procedures to be carried out on brain tissue from a single animal. Normal adult rats and mice were perfused with a 70% ethanol/saline solution, and each brain was hemisectioned. The concentration of GFAP was measured in regions of 1 hemisection, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the other hemisection was used for GFAP immunostaining. Regional differences occurred in the brains of both species, with the highest concentration of GFAP found in the brainstem, and the lowest concentrations found in the striatum and cortex. The specific patterns of GFAP immunoreactivity corresponded to regional concentrations in most brain areas of both species. These data show that it is possible to assay GFAP concentrations in tissue prepared for immunocytochemical analysis, providing both qualitative and quantitative information from one set of tissue. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MARTIN, PM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MAIL DROP 74-B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD MAY PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0165-0270(94)00175-G PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RA403 UT WOS:A1995RA40300022 PM 7475226 ER PT J AU HERRICK, JE WHITFORD, WG AF HERRICK, JE WHITFORD, WG TI ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF RANGELAND SOILS - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP HERRICK, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100009 ER PT J AU CONNER, TL LONNEMAN, WA SEILA, RL AF CONNER, TL LONNEMAN, WA SEILA, RL TI TRANSPORTATION-RELATED VOLATILE HYDROCARBON SOURCE PROFILES MEASURED IN ATLANTA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VEHICLE ORGANIC EMISSIONS; SOURCE FINGERPRINTS; TEMPERATURE; 105-DEGREES-F; GASOLINE; TUNNEL; ROAD AB Samples representative of transportation-related hydrocarbon emissions were collected as part of the 1990 Atlanta Ozone Precursor Monitoring Study. Motor vehicle emissions were sampled in canisters beside a roadway in a tunnel-like underpass during periods of heavy traffic. Airport and aircraft emissions were approximated by canister samples obtained at a major airport facility. Three octane grades of gasoline were purchased from six major vendors in Atlanta. Canister samples were prepared using these fuels to approximate the whole gasoline and gasoline vapor composition of the fuels in use during the study. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) for their hydrocarbon content. Detailed speciated hydrocarbon profiles were developed from this source sampling and analysis program for use in the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model. Profiles presented and discussed here represent the hydrocarbon composition of emissions from a roadway, composite headspace gasoline at two temperatures, composite whole gasoline, whole gasoline at three octane grades, and an airport. The roadway profile is compared with similar profiles in the literature, and recommendations are made regarding its use in the CMB model. The roadway and fuel profiles are discussed in the context of the MOBILES model outputs. The headspace gasoline vapor profile presented here is compared with a headspace gasoline vapor profile calculated from the whole gasoline profile by means of Raoult's law. Agreement between the measured and calculated headspace profiles is excellent. The airport profile demonstrates the importance of high molecular weight volatile hydrocarbons in airport and aircraft emissions. RP CONNER, TL (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QY171 UT WOS:A1995QY17100003 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ WATKINSON, WP AF GORDON, CJ WATKINSON, WP TI STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE LABORATORY RAT - IMPACT ON THE AUTONOMIC, BEHAVIORAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE TO CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MICE; DFP AB Intraspecies variation has been found to affect the physiological, behavioral, and biochemical responses to a variety of neurotoxicants, including the organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). However, there is little information on long-term physiological responses to neurotoxicant exposure using strain as a dependent variable. In the present study, radiotelemetry methodology was used to continuously monitor core temperature, heart rate, and motor activity for 4 d following administration of 1.5 mg/kg DFP (sc) in four common strains of rat: Sprague-Dawley (SD), Long-Evans (LE), Fischer 344 (F344), and Wistar (WST). The F344 rat was least susceptible to DFP in terms of both a minimal hypothermic response and recovery of the day-night difference in core temperature. The SD strain was unusual in that its heart rate was elevated relative to the other strains after DFP, in spite of a marked decrease in core temperature and motor activity. The LE strain exhibited the largest reduction in core temperature and heart rate following DFP. Serum and brain cholinesterase activity (ChE) measured 3 h after administration of 1.0 mg/kg DFP also indicated strain effects. The F344 showed less inhibition in these variables compared to the other strains, a response that may explain its attenuated thermoregulatory response to DFP. Overall, the inbred F344 rat demonstrated better resistance to DFP compared to the outbred strains. Therefore, the impact of genetic differences on sensitivity to neurotoxicants such as DFP could be an important tool in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QZ007 UT WOS:A1995QZ00700003 PM 7752289 ER PT J AU GOLDEY, ES HUGH, A CROFTON, KM AF GOLDEY, ES HUGH, A CROFTON, KM TI IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF NEONATAL BIRTH-WEIGHT, GROWTH, VIABILITY, AND SURVIVAL-DATA FOR PREDICTING DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY - A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE NEONATAL BIRTH WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICANTS ID INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN; NEURO-BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT; PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURE; EARLY POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; PERINATAL PCB EXPOSURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; MATERNAL TOXICITY; DIAZEPAM EXPOSURE AB Current screening strategies for developmental neurotoxicants emphasize extensive behavioral and histological examination of the nervous system of maternally exposed offspring. In an ongoing effort to identify more rapid screening techniques which accurately predict developmental neurotoxicity, we conducted a literature review to investigate the suggestion that the Chernoff/Kavlock assay may adequately identify developmental neurotoxicants as well as developmental toxicants (58). We included information on a broad range of chemical classes including: pesticides, heavy metals, solvents, antiproliferative agents, and neuroactive drugs. For each chemical/agent, we recorded evidence of developmental neurotoxicity, teratological malformations of the nervous system, and associated information on the effects of that chemical on birth weight, growth, fetal viability, and/or neonatal survival (neonatal endpoints included in the Chernoff/Kavlock assay). Although complete Chernoff/Kavlock data were not always available, our results indicate that only 65% of developmental neurotoxicants affected at least one of the neonatal endpoints in the assay. Based on these results, we believe that reliance on the Chernoff/Kavlock assay as a primary developmental neurotoxicity screen could lead to a number of ''false negatives'' in hazard identification studies, and this assay should not be used to replace more comprehensive developmental neurotoxicity screening procedures. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 233 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 313 EP 332 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)00073-M PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA QV184 UT WOS:A1995QV18400020 PM 7542737 ER PT J AU LACKEY, RT AF LACKEY, RT TI THE FUTURE OF ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Note AB Risk assessment has become a popular tool to help solve ecological problems. The basic concept is not new and has been applied to diverse decision problems. The application to ecological problems, especially complex ecological problems, is fairly recent and controversial. The fundamental and most important elements of the controversy revolve around two key points: (1) a person's implicit ''worldview;'' and (2) the assumption of who (or what) receives the benefits and who (or what) pays the costs for ecological ''decisions.'' A person's attitude toward risk assessment is, at least implicitly, defined by a worldview. It is the worldview which defines how each of us react to risk assessment applied to ecological problems. How the question of benefits and costs is defined also defines the appropriate use, if any, of ecological risk assessment. The future of ecological risk assessment will almost certainly follow the course of other analytical tools-enthusiastic support, rapid, widespread adoption and use, then disillusionment and rapid replacement with newer approaches, hut with continued use for a greatly constrained set of ecological issues. RP LACKEY, RT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD844 UT WOS:A1995RD84400009 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM METCALF, JL AF CUMMINGS, AM METCALF, JL TI INDUCTION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS IN MICE - A NEW MODEL SENSITIVE TO ESTROGEN SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOMETRIOSIS; SURGICAL INDUCTION; MOUSE; HORMONES; IMMUNE EFFECTS; TCDD; ESTROGEN ID RAT; SUPPRESSION; RECURRENCE AB Endometriosis consists of the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. A rat model of endometriosis is available to evaluate the potential for environmental chemicals to promote the disease but may be relatively insensitive for the evaluation of the hazard of certain compounds. Our objective, which was to develop a mouse model for endometriosis, was based on (a) the promotion of endometriosis in primates by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), (b) the apparent relationship between endometriosis and immunodeficiency, and (c) evidence that humoral immunity is suppressed in mice but not rats following TCDD exposure. In the mouse model, slices of uterus were sutured to intestinal mesenteric vessels. By 3 weeks after surgery, these sites were cyst-like structures, The growth of the sites was hormone dependent. In intact mice, sites measured 3.60 +/- 0.22 mm; vehicle and estrone (0.5 mu g/day) treatments produced site diameters of 0.95 +/- 0.128 and 5.28 +/- 0.355 mm, respectively. This new mouse model provides a sensitive and useful technique for future studies of the potential for specific xenobiotics to promote the development of endometriosis. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(95)00004-T PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA RB716 UT WOS:A1995RB71600003 PM 7579907 ER PT J AU ELLIS, JR WATSON, DMH VARVEL, GE JAWSON, MD AF ELLIS, JR WATSON, DMH VARVEL, GE JAWSON, MD TI METHYL-BROMIDE SOIL FUMIGATION ALTERS PLANT-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MYCORRHIZAE; GROWTH; FUNGI AB Soil fumigation is used to eliminate plant pathogens and weeds in commercial practice and to eliminate organisms in controlled experiments, e.g., vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF). This study was conducted to study the effect of methyl bromide fumigation on plant accumulation of 14 elements and assess plant colonization by VAMF after fumigation. Field experiments were conducted near Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Corn (Zea mays L.) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were used in the experiments. Fumigation increased Al, Br, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Si and decreased Cu, K, P, and Zn shoot concentrations in all three plants. Three weeks after germination, shoot Al was sevenfold greater in sorghum and soybean and 16-fold greater in corn from fumigated plots than in shoots from nonfumigated plots. Shoot bromide concentrations from fumigated plots were sixfold greater in sorghum and 17- to 18-fold greater in corn and soybean than shoots from nonfumigated plots. Lower P and Zn shoot concentrations from fumigated plots were attributed to fumigation-induced suppression of VAMF root colonization or an ion balance problem resulting from the enhanced uptake of Al, Br, and other ions after soil fumigation. At harvest, Al was still three- to 10-fold and Br eight- to 20-fold greater in fumigated plot stover compared with nonfumigated plots. This study shows that methyl bromide fumigation alteration of plant uptake of Al, Br, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Si should be considered when interpreting experiments using methyl bromide soil fumigation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP ELLIS, JR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100031 ER PT J AU TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS AF TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS TI THE SINGLE-CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS COMET ASSAY - A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR DETECTING RADIATION-INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE IN HUMANS SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Searle-Foundation Workshop on Assessment of Radiation Effects by Molecular and Cellular Approaches CY SEP, 1994 CL SCHLOSS REISENSBURG, ULM, GERMANY SP Int Searle Fdn, Int Inst Sci Cooperat HO SCHLOSS REISENSBURG DE SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMET ASSAY; RADIATION; DNA DAMAGE; HUMAN BIOMONITORING ID LYMPHOCYTES; REPAIR AB This review evaluates the applicability of the single cell gel (SCG)/comet assay as a tool for the biomonitoring of individuals accidently, environmentally or occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation, This technique detects single-strand DNA breaks, alkali-labile damage, incomplete excision repair sites and DNA:DNA crosslinking at the level of the individual cell, The advantages of this technique include: (a) data are collected at the level of the individual cell, providing information on the intercellular distribution of damage and repair; (b) only small numbers of cells are required (i.e., only a few thousand); (c) virtually any eukaryotic cell population can be used; and (d) the assay is relatively sensitive (detection limit of 5 cGy gamma rays in human lymphocytes), simple and cost effective, What the assay lacks is specificity for radiation-induced DNA damage, However, the possibility of identifying types of DNA damage specific for ionizing radiation in selected subtypes of cells may be feasible, While additional research is required before the SCG assay can readily be applied as a standard biomonitoring tool for exposure to ionizing radiation, the data collected thus far support a conclusion that such research is clearly warranted. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTAT PROGRAM,DURHAM,NC. RP TICE, RR (reprint author), INTEGRATED SYST LAB,POB 13501,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2-R44-ES05884-02] NR 12 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI DAYTON PA 4100 S KETTERING BLVD, DAYTON, OH 45439-2092 SN 1066-5099 J9 STEM CELLS JI Stem Cells PD MAY PY 1995 VL 13 SU 1 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology GA RQ185 UT WOS:A1995RQ18500026 PM 7488947 ER PT J AU PITT, R FIELD, R LALOR, M BROWN, M AF PITT, R FIELD, R LALOR, M BROWN, M TI URBAN STORMWATER TOXIC POLLUTANTS - ASSESSMENT, SOURCES, AND TREATABILITY SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE METALS; ORGANICS; SOURCES; STORMWATER; TOXICITY; TREATABILITY ID IMPACTS; RUNOFF AB This paper summarizes an investigation to characterize and treat selected stormwater contaminants that are listed as toxic pollutants (termed toxicants in this paper) in the Clean Water Act, Section 307 (Arbuckle ei al., 1991). The first project phase investigated typical toxicant concentrations in stormwater, the origins of these toxicants, and storm and land-use factors that influenced these toxicant concentrations. Of the 87 stormwater source area samples analyzed, 9% were considered extremely toxic (using the Microtox(R) toxicity-screening procedure). Moderate toxicity was exhibited in 32% of the samples, whereas 59% of the samples had no evidence of toxicity. Only a small fraction of the organic toxicants analyzed were frequently detected, with 1,3-dichlorobenzene and fluoranthene the most commonly detected organics investigated (present in 23% of the samples). Vehicle service and parking area runoff samples had many of the highest observed concentrations of organic toxicants. All metallic toxicants analyzed were commonly found in all samples analyzed. The second project phase investigated the control of stormwater toxicants using a variety of bench-scale conventional treatment processes. Toxicity changes were monitored using the Microtoxo(R) bioassay test. The most beneficial treatment tests included settling for at least 24 hours (up to 90% reductions), screening and filtering through at least 40-mu m screens (up to 70% reductions), and aeration and/or photodegradation for at least 24 hours (up to 80% reductions). Because many samples exhibited uneven toxicity reductions for the different treatment tests, a treatment train approach was selected for the current project phase. This current phase includes testing of a prototype treatment device that would be useful for controlling runoff from critical source areas (e.g., automobile service facilities). C1 US EPA, SCSP, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. NR 46 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 6 U2 50 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 3 BP 260 EP 275 DI 10.2175/106143095X131466 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QX482 UT WOS:A1995QX48200002 ER PT J AU DOBBS, RA SHAN, YG WANG, LP GOVIND, R AF DOBBS, RA SHAN, YG WANG, LP GOVIND, R TI SORPTION ON WASTE-WATER SOLIDS - ELIMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CYANIDE; ISOTHERM; PASTEURIZATION; SOLIDS; SORPTION ID TOXIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER SOLIDS; CYANIDE AB Sorption was found to be greatly affected by the biological activity in wastewater solids. Two experimental techniques, cyanide treatment and pasteurization, were developed for eliminating the biological activity during isotherm measurements. Both methods are effective; however, pasteurization is recommended over cyanide treatment because of toxicity of the latter. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 3 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.2175/106143095X131547 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QX482 UT WOS:A1995QX48200010 ER PT J AU TARR, MA AF TARR, MA TI TELL CONGRESS WHAT YOU THINK SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter RP TARR, MA (reprint author), US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 73 IS 17 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA QV269 UT WOS:A1995QV26900028 ER PT J AU GELATT, KN MARTINIC, GBO FLANEIG, JL SCHEIN, OD MUNOZ, B WEST, SK DUNCAN, DD NETHERCOTT, JR KOREN, HS AF GELATT, KN MARTINIC, GBO FLANEIG, JL SCHEIN, OD MUNOZ, B WEST, SK DUNCAN, DD NETHERCOTT, JR KOREN, HS TI RESULTS OF OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATIONS OF 29 ALPACAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ALPACAS; OPHTHALMOLOGY ID BILATERAL CHORIORETINITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; LLAMAS AB Analysis of the results of ophthalmic ex aminations of 29 alpacas (Lama paces) revealed 4 direct relationship among coat color, iris color, and ocular fundus pigmentation Alpacas with light-pigmented coals had iris color that included combinations of gray, blue, and brown, and had reduced pigmentation of the ocular fundi. Alpacas with dark coats had brown irides and pigmented ocular fundi. Eleven alpacas had evidence of ophthalmic conditions, including bilateral conjunctivitis (1); formation of a superficial corneal scar (1); formation of posterior synechiae and anterior cataracts (4); development of a deep corneal scar with anterior synechiae, buphthalmia, a subluxated lens, and cataracts (1); development of focal incipient primary cataracts (2); formation of vitreous opacities (1); and development of a unilateral optic nerve coloboma (1). C1 UNIV FLORIDA, COLL VET MED, GWATHMEY ADAMS LAB VISUAL SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32610 USA. SERV AGRICOLA & GANADERO, JAFE SECTOR MAGALLANES, PUNTA ARENAS, CHILE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, WILMER EYE INST, DANA CTR PREVENT OPHTHALMOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21287 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21287 USA. US EPA, DIV HUMAN STUDIES, RALEIGH, NC 27711 USA. RP GELATT, KN (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, COLL VET MED, DEPT SMALL ANIM CLIN SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32610 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 206 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1207 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QT281 UT WOS:A1995QT28100033 PM 7768745 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB CHERNOFF, N AF MILLER, DB CHERNOFF, N TI RESTRAINT-INDUCED STRESS IN PREGNANT MICE - DEGREE OF IMMOBILIZATION AFFECTS MATERNAL INDEXES OF STRESS AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN OFFSPRING SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TERATOLOGY; MATERNAL TOXICITY; STRESS; RESTRAINT; CORTICOSTERONE ID PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; RATS; TOXICITY; MOUSE; INDUCTION; PHENYTOIN; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB Maternal stress on gestational day 8 (GD8) in the CD-l mouse can induce a syndrome of fetal anomalies, including encephalocele, supernumerary ribs, fused ribs and vertebral anomalies, Two forms of restraint were compared for their ability to induce these defects. The two types of restraint differed in the degree of mobility afforded the dam during confinement, either total restraint in a supine position or a less confining restraint in which restrained dams could move from a supine to a non-supine position, but could not turn from front to back. Dams were exposed to either form of restraint for 12 h on GD8 and their near-term fetuses examined for external and skeletal abnormalities, As both types of restraint precluded normal eating and drinking, an additional control group deprived of food/water was included for evaluation, Cohorts of dams were restrained for 3, 6 or 12 h on GD8 and end points commonly used to gauge the degree of stress evaluated, These included serum corticosterone level and the weight of body, spleen and thymus, Stress-induced analgesia, as measured by the tail-flick procedure, was monitored in these same dams as an additional non-invasive measure of stress. Both types of restraint induced greater and longer-lasting weight loss than food/water deprivation. Both also produced more fetal anomalies than observed in the offspring of caged controls or food/water deprived darns. Both forms of restraint equally elevated serum corticosterone levels above the increase exhibited by the food/water deprived dams, The most pronounced difference between the two types of restraint concerned the degree of analgesia, The type limiting mobility the most, caused much greater analgesia after 6 and 12 h of restraint although the dams subjected to the other form of restraint were significantly more analgesic than the food/water deprived darns by 12 h. Dams restrained in the supine position exhibited slightly greater weight loss, more analgesia and produced significantly more offspring with anomalies. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)02988-7 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QX943 UT WOS:A1995QX94300018 PM 7740545 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, WC RIDDLE, MM COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL SMIALOWICZ, RJ AF WILLIAMS, WC RIDDLE, MM COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL SMIALOWICZ, RJ TI IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 2-METHOXYETHANOL ADMINISTERED DERMALLY OR ORALLY TO FISCHER-344 RATS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; DERMAL EXPOSURE; RAT; IMMUNOTOXICITY ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXPOSURE; STRESS; IMMUNOTOXICITY; MODULATION; SYSTEM; MICE AB Exposure of rats to 2-methoxyethanol (ME) by gavage for 10 consecutive days results in immunotoxicity, To determine whether dermal exposure to ME also induces immunotoxicity, undiluted ME was applied to Fisher 344 male rats at dose levels of 150, 300, 600, 900 or 1200 mg/kg/day on shaved occluded test sites for 4 consecutive days. Decreased thymus weights were produced by all doses of ME, while reductions in spleen weight were observed at doses of 900 mg/kg/day ME or greater. The alterations in these lymphoid organ weights were produced in the absence of loss in body weight. The lymphoproliferative (LP) responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were enhanced at 1200 mg/kg/day ME compared with water controls. Separate groups of rats, employed for the antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to either trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were exposed dermally to 150, 300 or 600 mg/kg/day ME for 4 consecutive days. A reduction in the PFC response to TNP was observed at 600 mg/kg/day ME, whereas decreases in the PFC response to SRBC were observed at dosages of 300 and 600 mg/kg/day ME, To compare the immunotoxic effects of dermally applied ME to those effects caused by ME administered orally, rats were dosed by gavage with 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day ME in distilled water for 4 consecutive days. Reductions in thymus weights were observed at oral dosages ranging from 50-200 mg/kg/day, while spleen weights were reduced in rats dosed at 200 mg/kg/day ME. LP responses to PHA, PWM and Salmonella typhimurium were increased at the 200 mg/kg/day ME dose level. PFC responses to TNP-LPS and SRBC were suppressed at the 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day ME dosages. These results indicate that, like oral exposure, dermal exposure to ME compromises the ability of the immune system to mount an effective humoral immune response. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(95)03057-M PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QX943 UT WOS:A1995QX94300022 PM 7740549 ER PT J AU FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD AF FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD TI A MODELING STUDY OF ANAEROBIC BIOFILM SYSTEMS .1. DETAILED BIOFILM MODELING SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ACETATE; ANAEROBIC BIOFILMS; MASS TRANSFER; PH; BIOFILM MODELING ID KINETICS; SLUDGE AB A detailed model acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms accounting for the diffusion of neutral and ionic species, chemical equilibrium, electroneutrality, gas production within the biofilm, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, and the presence of a concentration boundary layer is presented. The model qualitatively fits the pH profiles that are reported for acetate-utilizing methanogenic aggregates. A sensitivity analysis on the biological parameters showed that the flux of acetate is sensitive to the maximum utilization rate, half-saturation constant, and biofilm density for the hulk conditions investigated. Criteria when traditional biofilm models can be used to predict the flux of acetate into the biofilm are established. If the maximum pH change predicted using a hypothetical system is within +/-0.05, the traditional model predicts the flux to within +/-5% of the value calculated with the model developed in this study. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1002/bit.260460107 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QM754 UT WOS:A1995QM75400006 PM 18623261 ER PT J AU FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD AF FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD TI A MODELING STUDY OF ANAEROBIC BIOFILM SYSTEMS .2. REACTOR MODELING SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ANAEROBIC BIOFILM; CSTR; REACTORS, NONIDE; PH; PLUG-FLOW REACTORS; BIOFILM MODELING AB A rigorous steady-state model of anaerobic biofilm reactors taking into account acid-base and gas-phase equilibria in the reactor in conjunction with detailed chemical equilibria and mass transfer in acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is presented. The performances of ideal completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug-flow reactors, as well as reactors with nonideal hydraulic conditions, are simulated. Decreasing the surface loading rate increases the acetate removal efficiency, while decreasing the influent pH and increasing the buffering capacity improves the removal efficiency only if the bulk pH of the reactor shifts toward more optimal values between 6.8 to 7.0. The reactor can have negative or positive removal efficiencies depending on the start-up conditions. The respiration coefficient plays a critical role in determining the minimum influent pH required for reactor recovery after failure. Having multiple CSTRs-in-series generally increases the overall removal efficiency for the influent conditions investigated. Monitoring of the influent feed quality is critical for plug-flow reactors, because failure of the initial sections of the reactor may cause a cascading effect that may lead to a rapid reactor failure. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1002/bit.260460108 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QM754 UT WOS:A1995QM75400007 PM 18623262 ER PT J AU DAVILA, B AF DAVILA, B TI WOMENS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL-ENGINEERING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CTR HILL RES FACIL,CINCINNATI,OH 45224. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 8 EP WCC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302103 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, AM AF EHRLICH, AM TI FROM CHEMIST TO LAWYER, OR HOW I DECIDED WHAT I WANTED TO BE WHEN I REALLY GREW UP SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 8 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201484 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BECKERT, WF TI IN-SITU DERIVATIZATION SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES IN SOIL SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 10 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201956 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, AM AF EHRLICH, AM TI EPAS PROGRAM FOR REGULATING BIOTECHNOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 28 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301908 ER PT J AU ROGERS, KR AF ROGERS, KR TI OPTICAL-FIBER BIOSENSORS FOR HERBICIDE DETECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 34 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200184 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V CHARAN, C VANEMON, J AF LOPEZAVILA, V CHARAN, C VANEMON, J TI SFE-ELISA APPLICATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES IN VARIOUS MATRICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALIFORNIA OPERAT,MIDW RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 52 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301931 ER PT J AU TRETYAKOVA, N BARTOLOTTI, LJ MCKINNEY, JD WALLER, CL AF TRETYAKOVA, N BARTOLOTTI, LJ MCKINNEY, JD WALLER, CL TI A DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORETICAL-STUDY OF HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NCSC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 62 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201823 ER PT J AU MATHESON, LJ WEBER, EJ AF MATHESON, LJ WEBER, EJ TI CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC-AMINES IN SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 68 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202014 ER PT J AU ELOVITZ, MS WEBER, EJ AF ELOVITZ, MS WEBER, EJ TI SEDIMENT MEDIATED REDUCTION AND SORPTION OF 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE AND RESULTING REACTION-PRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRC,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 69 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202015 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD TI ALIGNMENT RULES FOR CONFORMATIONALLY-FLEXIBLE MOLECULES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 73 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201834 ER PT J AU COLBERT, R AF COLBERT, R TI NEW DIRECTIONS IN ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 85 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200235 ER PT J AU FLAHERTY, P AF FLAHERTY, P TI GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS, POLICIES AND INTERPRETATIONS AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 86 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200236 ER PT J AU LIEM, FE AF LIEM, FE TI GLPS - EPA DYNAMIC COMPLIANCE AND SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 87 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200237 ER PT J AU DULL, DL AF DULL, DL TI INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (GLPS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV AGR & ECOSYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 88 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200238 ER PT J AU HERN, SC QUACKENBOSS, JJ AF HERN, SC QUACKENBOSS, JJ TI BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,EMSL LV,DIV ANALYT SCI,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 89 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200239 ER PT J AU ELDEFRAWI, M ELDEFRAWI, A EMANUEL, P VALDES, J ROGERS, K JOHNSON, E AF ELDEFRAWI, M ELDEFRAWI, A EMANUEL, P VALDES, J ROGERS, K JOHNSON, E TI IMMUNOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES - ANTIBODY AFFINITIES, SELECTIVITIES AND CLONING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAP,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USA,EDGEWOOD RD & EC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. USDA,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 97 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301976 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, R AF JOHNSON, R TI GOOD AUTOMATED LABORATORY PRACTICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,SCI SYST STAFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 100 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200250 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA DARY, C BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA DARY, C BLANCATO, JN TI SPECTROSCOPIC MICROSCOPY AS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DERMAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 106 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200256 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA BLANCATO, JN TI NONRADIOACTIVE RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR EVALUATION OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES ACTING ON THE GABA-A RECEPTOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,NEVADA,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 109 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200259 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA ZEID, MA BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA ZEID, MA BLANCATO, JN TI SERUM-PROTEIN PROFILE - A POSSIBLE BIOMARKET FOR EXPOSURE TO INSECTICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 116 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200265 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S AF PADILLA, S TI BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY - CAN INHIBITION DE INDICATIVE OF ADVERSE EFFECT AS WELL AS EXPOSURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOX,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 118 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200267 ER PT J AU KNAAK, JB ALBAYATI, MA AF KNAAK, JB ALBAYATI, MA TI USE OF A MULTIPLE PATHWAY AND MULTIROUTE PBPK MODEL FOR PREDICTING OP TOXICITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOCCIDENTAL CHEM CORP,NIAGARA FALLS,NY 14302. US EPA,EMSL LV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,INST TOXICOL & ENVIRONM HLTH,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOSCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 126 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200274 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V CHARAN, C VANEMON, J AF LOPEZAVILA, V CHARAN, C VANEMON, J TI DETERMINATION OF VETERINARY DRUGS IN FOODS BY SFE-ELISA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 126 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200126 ER PT J AU ROSE, MF HAGSTROM, BL BLANCATO, JN BROWN, RN AF ROSE, MF HAGSTROM, BL BLANCATO, JN BROWN, RN TI COMPARISON OF SYMBOLIC AND NUMERICAL-SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR PBPK MODELS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,EMSL LV,LASS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 127 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200275 ER PT J AU BROWN, RN AF BROWN, RN TI GRAPH-THEORETIC SYMBOLIC AUCS FOR LINEAR PBPK MODELS USEFUL IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 128 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200276 ER PT J AU WEBER, EJ AF WEBER, EJ TI IRON-MEDIATED REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS - INVESTIGATION OF REACTION-MECHANISM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 130 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202076 ER PT J AU HASSAN, SM WOLFE, NL CIPOLLONE, MG AF HASSAN, SM WOLFE, NL CIPOLLONE, MG TI REACTION-MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN REDUCTION OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS USING SULFATED IRON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 147 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202093 ER PT J AU CIPOLLONE, MG WOLFE, NL AF CIPOLLONE, MG WOLFE, NL TI KINETIC-STUDIES ON THE USE OF METALLIC IRON TO REDUCE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,AERL,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 220 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202166 ER PT J AU HOLSER, RA MCCUTCHEON, SC WOLFE, NL AF HOLSER, RA MCCUTCHEON, SC WOLFE, NL TI MASS-TRANSFER EFFECTS ON THE DEHALOGENATION OF TRICHLOROETHENE BY IRON PYRITE MIXTURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRC,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 244 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202190 ER PT J AU POWELL, RM PULS, RW HIGHTOWER, SK CLARK, DA AF POWELL, RM PULS, RW HIGHTOWER, SK CLARK, DA TI CORROSIVE AND GEOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS INFLUENCING IN-SITU CHROMATE REDUCTION BY METALLIC IRON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,ADA,OK 74820. ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. US EPA,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 246 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202192 ER PT J AU PULS, RW POWELL, RW PAUL, CJ AF PULS, RW POWELL, RW PAUL, CJ TI IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATED WITH CHROMATE AND CHLORINATED SOLVENTS USING ZERO-VALENT IRON - A FIELD-STUDY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,ADA,OK 74820. ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,US EPA,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 247 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202193 ER PT J AU SCHEIN, OD VICENCIO, C MUNOZ, B GELATT, KN DUNCAN, DD NETHERCOTT, J HONEYMAN, J KOREN, HS WEST, S AF SCHEIN, OD VICENCIO, C MUNOZ, B GELATT, KN DUNCAN, DD NETHERCOTT, J HONEYMAN, J KOREN, HS WEST, S TI OCULAR AND DERMATOLOGICAL HEALTH-EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM THE OZONE HOLE IN SOUTHERN CHILE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SKIN-CANCER; DEPLETION; HUMANS; LIGHT; PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INDUCTION; SUNLIGHT; WARTS; LAYER AB Objectives. This study sought to investigate numerous reports emanating from Punta Arenas, Chile (population 110 000, latitude 53 degrees S), that associated acute ocular and dermatologic disease in humans and animals with excess ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure in the setting of the thinning of the ozone column. Methods. Ophthalmologic and dermatologic records in Punta Arenas were systematically reviewed to enumerate sentinel diagnoses potentially associated with UV-B exposure, ocular examinations on representat- ive animal populations were performed, and the ambient UV-B exposure in the region during the time of maximal thinning was estimated. Results. No increase in patient visits or conditions attributable to UV-B exposure was seen for periods of known ozone depletion compared with control periods. Although ambient UV-B exposure was 1.6 to 2.3 times the habitual exposure individual days, this excess exposure conferred only a 1% increase in annual exposure on the region. Conclusion. This study does not support existing lay reports of ocular and dermatologic disease in humans and animals that had been associated with the ozone hole over southern Chile. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,WILMER EYE INST,DANA CTR PREVENT OPHTHALMOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD. UNIV CHILE,SANTIAGO,CHILE. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SMALL ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10-RR04060]; PHS HHS [CR820514-01-0] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 4 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.546 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR244 UT WOS:A1995QR24400015 PM 7702120 ER PT J AU RILEY, TJ CAULEY, JA MURPHY, PA AF RILEY, TJ CAULEY, JA MURPHY, PA TI WATER CHLORINATION AND LIPOPROTEINS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS - THE RELATIONSHIP IN ELDERLY WHITE WOMEN OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; PRECIPITATION PROCEDURE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; DISINFECTANTS; LIPIDS; RISK AB The relationship between consumption of chlorinated drinking water in the home water supply and serum lipids was examined in 2070 elderly White women. Private springs, cisterns, acid wells were considered nonchlorinated and public water sources, chlorinated. Mean serum lipids and lipoproteins were similar in the chlorinated and nonchlorinated groups. Stratification by years of exposure revealed little difference in lipid concentrations. Lifestyle factors-for example, smoking and alcohol consumption-differed by years of exposure. Hence, previous reports of an association between chlorinated drinking water and serum cholesterol levels may reflect inadequate control of other factors differentially distributed across chlorinated exposure groups. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP RILEY, TJ (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,130 DESOTO ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 4 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.570 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR244 UT WOS:A1995QR24400022 PM 7702127 ER PT J AU KREADER, CA AF KREADER, CA TI DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BACTEROIDES DNA PROBES FOR THE SPECIFIC DETECTION OF HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA SEQUENCES; HUMAN FECES; PCR; PURIFICATION; SURVIVAL; WATER AB Because Bacteroides spp. are obligate anaerobes that dominate the human fecal flora, and because some species may live only in the human intestine, these bacteria might be useful to distinguish human from nonhuman sources of fecal pollution. To test this hypothesis, PCR primers specific for 16S rRNA gene sequences of Bacteroides distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. vulgatus were designed. Hybridization with species-specific internal probes was used to detect the intended PCR products. Extracts from 66 known Bacteroides strains, representing 10 related species, were used to confirm the specificity of these PCR-hybridization assays. To test for specificity in feces, procedures were developed to prepare DNA of sufficient purity for PCR, Extracts of feces from 9 humans and 70 nonhumans (cats, dogs, cattle, hogs, horses, sheep, goats, and chickens) were each analyzed with and without an internal positive control to verify that PCR amplification was not inhibited by substances in the extract. In addition, serial dilutions from each extract that tested positive were assayed to estimate the relative abundance of target Bacteroides spp. in the sample. Depending on the primer-probe set used, either 78 or 67% of the human fecal extracts tested had high levels of target DNA. On the other hand, only 7 to 11% of the nonhuman extracts tested had similarly high levels of target DNA. An additional 12 to 20% of the nonhuman extracts had levels of target DNA that were 100- to 1,000-fold lower than those found in humans, Although the B. vulgatus probes detected high levels of their target DNA in most of the house pets, similarly high levels of target DNA were found only in a few individuals from other groups of nonhumans. Therefore, the results indicate that these probes can distinguish human from nonhuman feces in many cases. RP KREADER, CA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV MICROBIOL RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 50 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1179 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200001 PM 7538270 ER PT J AU LIGHTHART, B SHAFFER, BT AF LIGHTHART, B SHAFFER, BT TI AIRBORNE BACTERIA IN THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER - TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION ABOVE A GRASS SEED FIELD SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Temporal airborne bacterial concentrations and meteorological conditions were measured above a grass seed field in the Willamette River Valley, near Corvallis, Oreg., in the summer of 1993. The concentration of airborne bacteria had a maximum of 1,368.5 CFU/m(3), with a coefficient of variation of 90.5% and a mean of 121.3 CFU/m(3). The lowest concentration of bacteria occurred during the predawn hours, with an average of 32.2 CFU/m(3), while sunrise and early evening hours had the highest averages (164.7 and 158.1 CFU/m(3), respectively). The concentrations of bacteria in the atmosphere varied greatly, with a maximum difference between two 2-min samples of 1,995 CFU/m(3). The concentrations of bacteria in the atmosphere could be divided into five time periods during the day that were thought to be related to the local diurnal sea breeze and Pacific Coast monsoon weather conditions as follows: (i) the nighttime minimum concentration, i.e., 2300 to 0600 h; (ii) the sunrise peak concentration, i.e., 0600 to 0800 h; (iii) the midday accumulating concentration, i.e., 0800 to 1515 h; (iv) the late-afternoon sea breeze trough concentration, i.e., 1515 to 1700 h; and (v) the evening decrease to the nighttime minimum concentration, i.e., 1700 to 2300 h. The sunrise peak concentration (period ii) is thought to be a relatively general phenomenon dependent on ground heating by the sun, while the afternoon trough concentration is thought to be a relatively local phenomenon dependent on the afternoon sea breeze. Meteorological conditions are thought to be an important regulating influence on airborne bacterial concentrations in the outdoor atmosphere in the Willamette River Valley. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP LIGHTHART, B (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 34 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1492 EP 1496 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200049 PM 16534998 ER PT J AU GILMORE, DA GURKA, D DENTON, MB AF GILMORE, DA GURKA, D DENTON, MB TI QUANTITATIVE DETECTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT DYES USING DIODE LASER/FIBER-OPTIC RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE LASER RAMAN; FIBEROPTIC SAMPLING; CCD RAMAN DETECTION; DYES; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DETECTION LIMITS ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FIBEROPTIC PROBE; REMOTE; LASER; SCATTERING; WATER; AZO AB A compact diode laser/fiber-optic Raman spectrometer is used for quantitative detection of environmentally important dyes. This system is based on diode laser excitation at 782 nn, fiber-optic probe technology, an imaging spectrometer, and a state-of-the-art scientific CCD camera. The dyes studied include trypan blue, acid black 1, acid blue 40, and basic blue 7. Detection sensitivities (at rms S/N = 2) ranged from 0.2 ppm (3.24 x 10(-7) M) for acid black 1, to 25 ppm (4.86 x 10(-5) M) for basic blue 7. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,OFF RES & DEV,DIV ANALYT SCI,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 49 IS 4 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1366/0003702953964390 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA QV637 UT WOS:A1995QV63700018 ER PT J AU ZABEL, EW COOK, PM PETERSON, RE AF ZABEL, EW COOK, PM PETERSON, RE TI TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN, DIBENZOFURAN AND BIPHENYL CONGENERS BASED ON EARLY-LIFE STAGE MORTALITY IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; TOXICITY ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GREAT-LAKES; PCBS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; PCDFS; PCDDS; FISH; TCDD AB Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), which relate the potency of individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and biphenyl (PCB) congeners to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are used to assess the risk to fish early life stage development posed by complex mixtures of these congeners in eggs. Newly fertilized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs were injected with graded doses of 5 PCDD, 4 PCDF or 4 nonortho substituted PCB congeners, and sac fry mortality was used to determine TEFs. Potencies of non-ortho substituted PCBs in causing early life stage mortality were much lower than expected based on Ah receptor binding affinities in mammals and 4 mono-ortho and 5 di-ortho substituted PCB congeners did not cause rainbow trout early life stage mortality at doses of 24 300-130 000 ng/g egg. To determine if increased elimination of PCBs, relative to PCDDs and PCDFs, was responsible for the lower toxic potency of PCBs in fish compared to mammals, PCDD, PCDF and PCB congeners were injected into newly fertilized rainbow trout eggs and the percent dose remaining 35 days later at the sac fry stage of development was determined. The percent dose of various PCB congeners remaining in sac fry (62-88%) was similar to that of PCDD and PCDF congeners (78-91%), indicating that increased elimination is not responsible for the extremely low potency of the non-ortho substituted PCB congeners or for the failure of the mono- and di-ortho substituted PCB congeners to cause rainbow trout early life stage mortality. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH PHARM,MADISON,WI 53706. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 28 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00075-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA QT901 UT WOS:A1995QT90100003 ER PT J AU PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR ANKLEY, GT AF PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR ANKLEY, GT TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF 3 FRESH-WATER BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES TO 10 CONTAMINANTS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; TOXICITY; SEDIMENTS; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; BIOACCUMULATION; CADMIUM AB The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans and Lumbriculus variegatus as representative species for the assessment of sediment toxicity. Ten chemicals were tested at the U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, always using H. azteca and C. tentans and, occasionally, L. variegatus. The exposures were water-only, flow-through tests with measured chemical concentrations, which were conducted for 10 days in Lake Superior water. Chemicals tested included five metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium) and five pesticides (chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDT). The amphipod was quite sensitive to the metals, while the midge often was exceptionally sensitive to the pesticides. No one of the three species was most (or least) sensitive to the toxicants. Toxicity of the contaminants to the three species was compared to the genus mean acute and chronic data found in U.S. EPA Water Quality Criteria (WQC) documents, as well as information from the AQUIRE database. The results of these comparisons indicated that the three species reasonably represent the range of sensitivities of other aquatic test species, and occasionally are among the most sensitive species when compared to others in the WQC database. RP PHIPPS, GL (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 29 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QL310 UT WOS:A1995QL31000003 ER PT J AU HOLCOMBE, GW BENOIT, DA HAMMERMEISTER, DE LEONARD, EN JOHNSON, RD AF HOLCOMBE, GW BENOIT, DA HAMMERMEISTER, DE LEONARD, EN JOHNSON, RD TI ACUTE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF 9 CHEMICALS ON THE JAPANESE MEDAKA (ORYZIAS-LATIPES) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE TOXICITY; INVERTEBRATES; EMBRYO; LARVAL; FISH AB Ninety-six-hour acute and 28-day larval survival and growth tests were conducted with nine organic chemicals, using the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as the test organism. The nine tested chemicals were allyl isothiocyanate, aniline, benzyl acetate, 4-chloroaniline, 2-chloroethanol, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 1,2-dibromoethane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and phenol. The derived 96-h LC50 values for medaka for all chemicals ranged from 0.077 mg/L for allyl isothiocyanate to 2,780 mg/L for 2,4-D. The chronic values for six of the nine chemicals tested ranged from 0.013 mg/L for allyl isothiocyanate to 42.5 mg/L for 2,4-D. Acute-to-chronic ratios for these six chemicals ranged from 1.4 for 2-chloroethanol to 70.9 for 2,4-D. Growth of medaka was significantly reduced in the lowest exposure concentration during 28-day larval tests with aniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 2,4-diaminotoluene. The estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentration was reported as less than the lowest exposure concentration of 4.6, 2.2 and 40.3 mg/L for tests with aniline, 4-chloroaniline and 2,4-diaminotoluene, respectively. Chronic values for 2-chloroethanol and medaka were 12.6 mg/L during an embryo-larval test and 22.1 mg/L during the 28-day larval test. RP HOLCOMBE, GW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 287 EP 297 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QL310 UT WOS:A1995QL31000004 PM 7726644 ER PT J AU BENIGNUS, VA AF BENIGNUS, VA TI A MODEL TO PREDICT CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN AND PULMONARY PARAMETERS AFTER EXPOSURE TO O-2, CO2, AND CO SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note AB A computer-based physiological model of respiratory gas ex change, which considered variation in inhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide, was modified to include the effects of inhaled car bon monoxide. Output from the modified model consists of 60 variables, including blood, alveolar and tissue gases, ventilatory function and carboxyhemoglobin. Extensive testing demonstrated that this model produced accurate results for known problems and physiologically plausible results for situations in which the results were not empirically known. Estimates of the effects of simultaneous continuously varying exposure to carbon monoxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide cannot be practically obtained with other extant methods. The modified model receives input from two computer files containing environmental and subject physiological variables, These files allow a continuous dynamic multi gas exposure simulation or actual exposure data profiles. Up to four outputs can be selected for plotting or stored in ct file for later analysis. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP BENIGNUS, VA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MAIL DROP 58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 66 IS 4 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA QQ607 UT WOS:A1995QQ60700013 PM 7794231 ER PT J AU JUNG, JT SOFER, S LAKHWALA, F AF JUNG, JT SOFER, S LAKHWALA, F TI TOWARDS AN ONLINE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN-DEMAND ANALYZER SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AB A simple, and effective tool to measure BOD with a 98% correlation to theoretical BOD values has been developed using a technique of continuous short term measurements of O-2 consumption rates. Measurement times are in the range of 5 to 10 h depending on the initial BOD, instead of 5 days required in the conventional BOD5 analysis. A bioreactor containing calcium alginate entrapped activated sludge microorganisms was used with phenol and hydroxybutyric acid (HBA) as model substrates. C1 NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN CHEM & ENVIRONM SCI,NEWARK,NJ 07102. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SBP TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP JUNG, JT (reprint author), JR COLL INCHON,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,INCHON,SOUTH KOREA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF00151577 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QX606 UT WOS:A1995QX60600011 ER PT J AU MYLES, CG AF MYLES, CG TI ENVIRONMENTAL PERIODICALS BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CD-ROM (EBCD) SO BULLETIN OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Software Review RP MYLES, CG (reprint author), LABAT ANDERSON INC,US EPA,LIB REG 9,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MED LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 6 N MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60602 SN 0025-7338 J9 B MED LIBR ASSOC JI Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 83 IS 2 BP 264 EP 264 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA QU673 UT WOS:A1995QU67300027 ER PT J AU HECHT, AD TIRPAK, D AF HECHT, AD TIRPAK, D TI FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON CLIMATE-CHANGE - A SCIENTIFIC AND POLICY HISTORY SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article RP HECHT, AD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY & PLANNING,DIV GLOBAL CHANGE,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 371 EP 402 DI 10.1007/BF01092424 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QY141 UT WOS:A1995QY14100002 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, R LEDOUX, JE RUDY, JW HUNT, PS CAMPBELL, BA STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH AF PHILLIPS, R LEDOUX, JE RUDY, JW HUNT, PS CAMPBELL, BA STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH TI SYMPOSIUM - CONTEXT, FEAR, AND REFLEXES - WHAT CAN THEY TEACH US ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT AND NEURAL BASES OF ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU,NEW YORK,NY 10003. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA QP357 UT WOS:A1995QP35700004 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH AF STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH TI DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF EYEBLINK CONDITIONING SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA QP357 UT WOS:A1995QP35700006 ER PT J AU LEE, LW GRIFFITH, J ZENICK, H HULKA, BS AF LEE, LW GRIFFITH, J ZENICK, H HULKA, BS TI HUMAN TISSUE MONITORING AND SPECIMEN BANKING - OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOMARKERS; HUMAN TISSUE BANKING; SPECIMEN BANKING; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB A symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking: Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research was held from 30 March to 1 April 1993 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. There were 117 registered participants from 18 states and 5 foreign countries. The first 2 days featured 21 invited speakers from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, various other government agencies, and universities in the United States, Canada, Germany, and Norway. The speakers provided a state-of-the-art overview of human exposure assessment techniques (especially applications of biological markers) and their relevance to human tissue specimen banking. Issues relevant to large-scale specimen banking were discussed, including program design, sample design, data collection, tissue collection, and ethical ramifications. The final group of presentations concerned practical experiences of major specimen banking and human tissue monitoring programs in the United States and Europe. The symposium addressed the utility and research opportunities afforded by specimen banking programs for future research needs in the areas of human exposure assessment, risk assessment, and environmental epidemiology. The third day of the symposium consisted of a small workshop convened to discuss and develop recommendations to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regarding applications and utility of large-scale specimen banking, biological monitoring, and biological markers for risk assessment activities. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700001 PM 7635108 ER PT J AU ZENICK, H GRIFFITH, J AF ZENICK, H GRIFFITH, J TI THE ROLE OF SPECIMEN BANKING IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE RISK ASSESSMENT; BIOMARKERS; HAZARD IDENTIFICATION; DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT; TISSUE SPECIMEN BANKING ID BIOLOGICAL MARKERS AB The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard identification, the use of biomarkers in defining and predicting al biologically adverse events; b) the progression of those events towards disease; and c) the potential for reversibility are explored. Biomarker applications to address high-to-low dose extrapolation and interindividual variability are covered under dose-response assessment. Several potential applications for specimen banking are proposed. RP ZENICK, H (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-51,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.2307/3432555 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700002 PM 7635120 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K CALLAHAN, MA BRYAN, EF AF SEXTON, K CALLAHAN, MA BRYAN, EF TI ESTIMATING EXPOSURE AND DOSE TO CHARACTERIZE HEALTH RISKS - THE ROLE OF HUMAN TISSUE MONITORING IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; TISSUE MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; EXPOSURE-DOSE RELATIONSHIPS; RISK ASSESSMENT ID MULTIPLE PATHWAYS; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; DATABASES; UNCERTAINTIES; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Exposure assessment is an integral part of health risk characterization. Exposure assessments typically address three critical aspects of exposure: the number of people exposed to the environmental toxicant, at specific concentrations, for the time period of interest; ?he resulting dose; and the relative contribution of important sources and pathways to exposure/dose. Because historically both ''point-of-contact'' measurements and information about dose and related pharmacokinetic processes have been lacking, exposure assessments have had to rely on construction of ''scenarios'' to estimate exposure and dose. This could change, however, as advances in development of biologic markers of exposure and dose make it possible to measure and interpret toxicant concentrations in accessible human tissues. The increasing availability of ''biomarkers,'' coupled with improvements in pharmacokinetic understanding, present opportunities to estimate (''reconstruct'') exposure from measurements of dose and knowledge of intake and uptake parameters, Human tissue monitoring, however, is not a substitute for more traditional methods of measuring exposure, but rather a complementary approach. A combination of exposure measurements and dose measurements provides the most credible scientific basis for exposure assessment. C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOX 807 UMHC,420 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 13 EP 29 DI 10.2307/3432556 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700003 PM 7635107 ER PT J AU PICKERING, QH LAZORCHAK, JM AF PICKERING, QH LAZORCHAK, JM TI EVALUATION OF THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE FATHEAD MINNOW, PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS, LARVAL SURVIVAL AND GROWTH TEST, US EPA METHOD-1000.0 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FATHEAD MINNOW LARVAE; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; GROWTH; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; COPPER ID ESTIMATING CHRONIC TOXICITY AB An intralaboratory study was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Larval Survival and Growth Test, Method 1000. 0. Toxicity tests were conducted with the reference toxicants hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and copper (Cu), and the data were statistically analyzed using hypothesis testing. Differences in age, size, feeding regimes, and water quality did not cause more than a twofold difference in 13 subchronic values (SCVs) for Cr6+. These tests involved side-by-side tests initiated with 1-, 4-, and 7-d larvae or initiated with 1-d larvae and two size groups of 4-d larvae fed differently. The mean SCV was 3,600 pg Cr6+/L, and the values ranged from 2,100 to 4,200 mu g Cr6+/L. Eleven of these tests with a homogeneous variance gave an average minimum significant difference (MSD) of 14.3%. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for growth was always lower than the effect on survival. In the side-by-side tests with 1-, 4-, and 7-d larvae exposed in hard water the SCV was 35 mu g Cu/L for each age group. Except for one test with Cu in soft water, the effects of Cr6+ and Cu on growth were more sensitive than the effect on survival. These toxicity tests along with some nontoxicant studies indicated that reasonable differences in methods parameters did not cause any changes greater than a factor or two in analytical results despite the ''noise'' of biological variability. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45244. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[653:EOTROT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QN885 UT WOS:A1995QN88500013 ER PT J AU BURKHARD, LP SHEEDY, BR AF BURKHARD, LP SHEEDY, BR TI EVALUATION OF SCREENING PROCEDURES FOR BIOCONCENTRATABLE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN EFFLUENTS AND SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EFFLUENTS; SEDIMENTS; BIOCONCENTRATION; SCREENING ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL AB Screening procedures have been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to isolate and tentatively identify nonpolar organic chemicals in effluent and sediment samples with high potential to form chemical residues in aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to determine if the sample components tentatively identified by the effluent and sediment-screening procedures actually form chemical residues in aquatic organisms. This evaluation consisted of analyzing effluent and sediment samples from a field site with discharges from two coke-manufacturing facilities using the screening procedures. Effluent, sediment, crayfish (Decapoda), acid sunfish (Lepomis sp.) samples from the field site were also prepared using conventional sample preparation procedures and analyzed for the tentatively identified chemicals (TIDs) reported by the screening procedures. Results of the screening procedures were then compared to the results of the analyses on the samples prepared using the conventional sample preparation procedures. For the effluent-screening procedure, 182 of 183 TIDs in Coke Plant 1 effluent and all of the 7 TIDs in Coke Plant 2 effluent were found in the crayfish, sunfish, and/or sediment samples downstream of the discharges. For the sediment-screening procedure, 92 of 93 TIDs and all of 47 TIDs in sediment samples from two sampling stations downstream of the discharges were found in the crayfish and/or sunfish samples. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP BURKHARD, LP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 697 EP 711 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[697:EOSPFB]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QN885 UT WOS:A1995QN88500018 ER PT J AU SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK MONSON, PD WEST, CW ANKLEY, GT AF SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK MONSON, PD WEST, CW ANKLEY, GT TI INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE TOXICITY OF AMMONIA TO CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS AND LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMMONIA; TOXICITY; BENTHOS; CRITERIA; INVERTEBRATES ID WATER; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENTS; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water-quality criteria establish permissible levels of ammonia in the nation's fresh waters. These criteria are based on accumulated research suggesting that, for most aquatic species (primarily fishes), the toxicity of un-ionized ammonia predominates over that of the ammonium ion. The development of a sediment-quality criterion for ammonia requires evaluation of the relative toxicity of the two ammonia forms to benthic and epibenthic macroinvertebrates to determine whether the water-quality toxicity model can be applied to sediments. Flow-through ammonia toxicity tests were conducted over 10 d with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and the larval midge Chironomus tentans at four pH values (6.3, 7.2, 7.8, and 8.6) using a unique pH control system. Total ammonia was more toxic at elevated than at low pH to both species, suggesting that un-ionized ammonia (more prevalent at high pH) is important in determining the toxicity of ammonia to these two species. Hardness or alkalinity differences in the range of 30 to 200 mg/kg (as CaCO3) did not appear to affect the toxicity of ammonia to the two species in separate 4-d tests. Based on results of the 10-d tests, the joint toxicity/pH model that establishes the water-quality criterion value for ammonia appears to be sufficiently protective of L. variegatus and C. tentans, by factors of at least 3 and 10, respectively. However, this study did not address potential differences in exposure of benthic organisms to ammonia in sediments vs. that in the water column; nor were the chronic effects of ammonia on these species measured in this study. C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN 55804. ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. US EPA,UNIV WISCONSIN SUPERIOR,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55804. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 22 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 35 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[713:IOPOTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QN885 UT WOS:A1995QN88500019 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF BLANCHARD, JP BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE AF BLACKMAN, CF BLANCHARD, JP BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE TI THE ION PARAMETRIC RESONANCE MODEL PREDICTS MAGNETIC-FIELD PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT NERVE-CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PC-12 CELLS; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NGF, MAGNETIC FIELDS; IPR MODEL ID GROWTH-FACTOR; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; QUANTITATIVE BIOASSAY; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; PC12 CELLS; PROTEIN-2; KINASE; LINE AB An ion parametric resonance (IPR) model recently developed by Blanchard and Blackman predicts distinct magnetic field interactions with biological systems based on a selective relation among four factors: the flux density of the static magnetic field, the frequency and flux density (B-ac) of the parallel ac magnetic field, and the charge to-mass ratio of ions of biological relevance, To test this model, PC-12 cells stimulated by nerve growth factor to produce neurites were exposed for 23 h in a 5% CO2 incubator using a multiple coil exposure system to produce 45 Hz ac and de (366 mG parallel to ac; less than 2 mG perpendicular to ac) magnetic fields, Our earlier work showed a cycle of inhibition/no inhibition of neurite outgrowth consistent with the IPR model predictions for B-ac exposures between 0 and 468 mG rms, The work described here tests neurite outgrowth over a broader range of B-ac (233-1416 mG rms), The experimental results remain consistent with earlier results, and with IPR model predictions of a second cycle of inhibition, return to control values, followed by a third cycle of inhibition of neurite outgrowth, These responses support the fundamental relationships predicted by the IPR model, The results have broad significance for biology. C1 BECHTEL CORP,RES & DEV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94119. RP BLACKMAN, CF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 7 BP 547 EP 551 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QX148 UT WOS:A1995QX14800013 PM 7737464 ER PT J AU EATON, JG MCCORMICK, JH GOODNO, BE OBRIEN, DG STEFANY, HG HONDZO, M SCHELLER, RM AF EATON, JG MCCORMICK, JH GOODNO, BE OBRIEN, DG STEFANY, HG HONDZO, M SCHELLER, RM TI A FIELD INFORMATION-BASED SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING FISH TEMPERATURE TOLERANCES SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In 1979, Biesinger et al. described a technique for spatial and temporal matching of records of stream temperatures and fish sampling events to obtain estimates of yearly temperature regimes for freshwater fishes of the United States. This article describes the state of this Fish and Temperature Database Matching System (FTDMS), its usage to estimate thermal requirements for fishes, some proposed maximum temperature tolerances for several freshwater fish species, and the way these FTDMS-derived values relate to various laboratory test results. Although applicable to all species for which collection records exist, initial development and refinement of FTDMS has focused on estimating the maximum weekly mean temperature tolerance for 30 common fishes of the United States. The method involves extensive use of automated data processing during data incorporation, quality assurance checks, data matching, and endpoint calculation. Maximum weekly mean temperatures derived from FTDMS were always less than laboratory-determined lethal temperatures and were similar to temperature criteria obtained from laboratory data through Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) interpolation procedures. The technique is a cost-effective means of generating temperature tolerance estimates for many U.S. fish species (i.e., more than 100). RP EATON, JG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 NR 0 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1995)020<0010:AFISFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR093 UT WOS:A1995QR09300003 ER PT J AU Wilkins, TA Hunt, TE AF Wilkins, TA Hunt, TE TI Agency discretion and advances in regulatory theory: Flexible agency approaches toward time regulated community as a model for the Congress-Agency relationship SO GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID ADMINISTRATIVE-LAW AB Beginning from recent developments in incentives-based regulation in environmental and other contexts, the authors argue that government ideally should hold regulated communities accountable for achieving results while freeing them to develop and choose among unlimited means of accomplishing those results. This departure from traditional ''command-and-controI'' theories of regulation is rooted in the notion that, properly directed, market forces will drive regulated communities to achieve equal (or even superior) results at the least possible cost. The authors move beyond the now widely-advanced incentives-based regulatory theory to argue that comparable thinking might well be applied in the relationship between Congress and the federal administrative agencies and departments. Specifically, they criticize the conventional wisdom that agencies have unconstrained discretion, arguing instead that many agency choices (and particularly choice of regulatory method) are in fact tightly controlled by organic and program-implementing legislation. On the other hand, Congress generally ignores potential outcome- or performance-based controls that might cabin discretion in a manner that does not limit the flexible and efficient adaptation of methods to particular circumstances. The authors argue that this property of the Congress-agency relationship is analogous to the most unfortunate characteristics of traditional command-and-control regulation. The authors argue that a Congress-agency relationship similar to the regulator-regulated relationship propounded in incentive-based theories-freedom method, accountability for results-would lead to more effective and cost-effective regulation. The opportunity to develop such incentives schemes is especially ripe at this time; significant public interest and political attention is focused on civil service and regulatory reform issues. To properly encourage performance and good governance, though, the new approach must peg these incentives to a clear system of agency performance standards focused on the cost-effective achievement of legislative and programmatic objectives. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH LAW,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,JOHN F KENNEDY SCH GOVT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. US EPA,OFF ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. GEORGETOWN UNIV,CTR LAW,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP Wilkins, TA (reprint author), BRACEWELL & PATTERSON,HOUSTON,TX, USA. NR 108 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 H STREET N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 SN 0016-8076 J9 GEORGE WASH LAW REV JI George Wash. Law Rev. PD APR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 4 BP 479 EP 550 PG 72 WC Law SC Government & Law GA TV780 UT WOS:A1995TV78000001 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z YANG, Y BOTTEI, G AF MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z YANG, Y BOTTEI, G TI GAS-TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN HUMAN AIRWAYS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION PATTERNS; ABSORPTION; LUNG; FLOW AB Numerous mathematical models describe the behavior of inhaled gases of health effects concerns. Such models are often developed for particular applications and have commensurate limitations (e.g., applicability to water-soluble or -insoluble gases) based upon the assumptions used in their respective derivations. The various models have certain restrictions in common; for instance, they assume airways or the lung to be smooth-walled tubes with fixed flow conditions. But, as documented herein, airways of the lung contain pronounced surface irregularities, including natural structural features like cartilaginous rings in the upper bronchi, and various airway lengths insufficient for flow development. Therefore, we have focused upon the behavior of inhaled gases within human conducting airways while accounting for effects of localized features of morphology and developing Now conditions. The role of respiratory intensity (i.e., ventilatory parameters) was also examined. The new model has been developed to quantitatively describe convective gas diffusion in a lung environment that is realistic from perspectives of biology and physics. The results include the following observations. (1) The Schmidt number is important for the characterization of inhaled gases. (2) Human activity levels have considerable effects on gas diffusion efficiencies within the lung; for example, the difference between diffusion efficiencies during sedentary and light activity conditions is about 100% for a gas Schmidt number of 1. (3) Airway surface irregularities have prominent effects on gas transport. For instance, diffusion efficiencies can be enhanced by up to 35% (relative to smooth-walled tubes) doe to the presence of cartilaginous rings in the large airways of the tracheobronchial tree. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUND BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.3109/08958379509029704 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QX413 UT WOS:A1995QX41300001 ER PT J AU YANG, YG GILMOUR, MI LANGE, R BURLESON, GR SELGRADE, MK AF YANG, YG GILMOUR, MI LANGE, R BURLESON, GR SELGRADE, MK TI EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO PHOSGENE ON PULMONARY HOST DEFENSES AND RESISTANCE TO INFECTION SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; INHALATION; MICE; OZONE; RATS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUPPRESSION; DISEASE AB Phosgene is a toxic gas widely used in industrial processes. The most sensitive endpoint for phosgene toxicity in mice is decreased resistance to challenge with bacterial infection or tumor cells. These effects were attributed to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) and pulmonary natural killer cell (NK) function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether similar effects occurred in Fischer 344 rats. Intrapulmonary killing of bacteria was impaired and the inflammatory response enhanced in rats infected by aerosol with Streptococcus zooepidemicus immediately after a 6-h exposure to 0.1 or 0.2 ppm phosgene as compared to air controls. Also, ingestion of latex beads in vitro by AM obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of rats exposed to 0.2 ppm phosgene was significantly less than controls. If infection or BAL were delayed until 18 h after exposure, there was no difference between phosgene and air exposed rats. In uninfected rats polymorphonuclear leukocytes were increased in BAL fluid 18 h after exposure to 0.5 ppm but not lower concentrations of phosgene. Pulmonary NK activity was suppressed immediately and 18 h after exposure to 0.5 ppm but not 0.1 ppm. The data indicate that, as in the mouse, intrapulmonary killing of bacteria is the most sensitive endpoint for phosgene toxicity in the rat, although recovery from acute phosgene exposure is rapid. Consequences of repeated chronic exposure remain to be elucidated. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,IMMUNOTOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.3109/08958379509029710 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QX413 UT WOS:A1995QX41300007 ER PT J AU KNUTH, ML HEINIS, LJ AF KNUTH, ML HEINIS, LJ TI DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE OF DIFLUBENZURON WITHIN LITTORAL ENCLOSURE MESOCOSMS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIFLUBENZURON; PERSISTENCE; MASS BALANCE; LITTORAL ENCLOSURES ID DIMILIN; WATER; DEGRADATION; DYNAMICS; DIPTERA; FATE AB The insecticide diflubenzuron was applied as Dimilin 25W twice, 32 days apart, to the surfaces of 12 of 18 littoral enclosure mesocosms (5 x 10 m) to study its distribution, persistence, and mass balance in a natural ecosystem. Nominal concentrations were 0.7, 2.5, 7, and 30 mu g/L active ingredient. The residue half-life in the water column ranged from 3.3 to 8.2 days with a mean of 4.3 days and required 14-35 days for 95% dissipation. The half-life in the macrophytes ranged from 2.0 to 5.7 days, and 95% dissipation required 8.6-24.6 days. The half-life in sediment ranged from 6.2 to 10.4 days, and 95% dissipation required 26.9-45.0 days. The water was the major compartment for residues, with amounts ranging from 82.3% of that applied after 3 h to 11.6% after 7 days. The sediment and macrophytes had maximum amounts of 6.3 and 10.2%, respectively. The mass balance ranged from 82.3% after 3 h to nondetectable after 56 days. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPER RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. RP KNUTH, ML (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1097 DI 10.1021/jf00052a043 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QU381 UT WOS:A1995QU38100043 ER PT J AU KIM, YJ WATRUD, LS MATIN, A AF KIM, YJ WATRUD, LS MATIN, A TI A CARBON STARVATION SURVIVAL GENE OF PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA IS REGULATED BY SIGMA(54) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CROSS PROTECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATIONARY-PHASE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FACTOR KATF; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; CONSTRUCTION; AERUGINOSA AB By using mini-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, two mutants of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 were isolated which showed a marked increase in their sensitivity to carbon starvation; these mutants are presumably affected in the Per type of proteins that P. putida induces upon carbon starvation (M. Givskov, L. Eberl, and S. Molin, J. Bacteriol. 176:4816-4824, 1994). The affected genes in our mutants were induced about threefold upon carbon starvation. The promoter region of the starvation gene in the mutant MK107 possessed a strong sigma(54)-type promoter sequence, and deletion analysis suggested that this was the major promoter regulating expression; this was confirmed by transcript mapping in rpoN(+) and rpoN mutant backgrounds. The deletion analysis implicated a sequence upstream of the sigma(54) promoter, as well as a region downstream of the transcription start site, in the functioning of the promoter. Two sigma(70)-type Pribnow boxes were also detected in the promoter region, but their transcriptional activity in the wild type was very weak However, in a sigma(54)-deficient background, these promoters became stronger. The mechanism and possible physiological role of this phenomenon and the possibility that the sequence upstream of the sigma(54) promoter may have a role in carbon sensing are discussed. C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 177 IS 7 BP 1850 EP 1859 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QP810 UT WOS:A1995QP81000028 PM 7896711 ER PT J AU RUPPERSBERGER, JS AF RUPPERSBERGER, JS TI CONCRETE BLOCKS ADVERSE-EFFECTS ON INDOOR AIR AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Air infiltration through highly permeable concrete blocks can allow entry of various serious indoor air pollutants. An easy approach to avoiding these pollutants is to select a less-air-permeable concrete block. Tests show that air permeability of concrete blocks can vary by a factor greater than 50 (0,63-35 standard L/min/m(2) at 3 Pa). The surface texture of the blocks correlates well with air permeability; test results of smoother, closed-surface-texture blocks were usually less air-permeable. During construction, air infiltration can be minimized by capping walls and carefully sealing around openings for utilities or other penetrations. Structures with indoor air-quality problems due to soil-gas entry can be mitigated more effectively with less coating material if the blocks have a closed surface texture. All coatings evaluated-cementaceous block filler (which has the lowest applied cost and is more than 99.5% effective), surface bonding cement, water-based epoxy, polysulfide vinyl acrylic, and latex (three coats)-were highly effective (more than 98%) in reducing air permeability when adequately applied. Coating selection should be influenced by expected service life, considering surface condition and cost. RP RUPPERSBERGER, JS (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,MD-54,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:4(348) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QN681 UT WOS:A1995QN68100010 ER PT J AU FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD AF FLORA, JRV SUIDAN, MT BISWAS, P SAYLES, GD TI MODELING SUBSTRATE TRANSPORT INTO BIOFILMS - ROLE OF MULTIPLE IONS AND PH EFFECTS - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP FLORA, JRV (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,300 MAIN ST,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 369 EP 370 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:4(369) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QN681 UT WOS:A1995QN68100021 ER PT J AU COWELL, K OBERHELMANBRAGG, L LEVEE, G CHARACHE, D DRAYSON, R GRAY, R KOREN, H COOPER, K AF COWELL, K OBERHELMANBRAGG, L LEVEE, G CHARACHE, D DRAYSON, R GRAY, R KOREN, H COOPER, K TI NATURAL SUNLIGHT AND SIMULATED SOLAR-RADIATION ARE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE IN HUMANS AND ARE MORE SUPPRESSIVE THAN UVB-RICH FLUORESCENT SUNLAMPS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 104 IS 4 BP 600 EP 600 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA QR532 UT WOS:A1995QR53200296 ER PT J AU LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L COWELL, K KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L COWELL, K KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI EFFECT OF SUNSCREEN ON HUMAN IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY SIMULATED SOLAR-RADIATION SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 104 IS 4 BP 600 EP 600 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA QR532 UT WOS:A1995QR53200294 ER PT J AU OBERHELMANBRAGG, LJ LEVEE, G KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF OBERHELMANBRAGG, LJ LEVEE, G KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI UVB RADIATION-DOSE RESPONSE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN HUMAN-SUBJECTS WITH LIGHT, MODERATE AND DARK PIGMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,IMMUNODERMATOL UNIT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LABS,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 104 IS 4 BP 667 EP 667 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA QR532 UT WOS:A1995QR53200697 ER PT J AU TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM GERSHWIN, ME ANSARI, A KEEN, CL AF TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM GERSHWIN, ME ANSARI, A KEEN, CL TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA ALTERS MATERNAL AND EMBRYONIC ZINC-METABOLISM AND IS DEVELOPMENTALLY TOXIC IN MICE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENT; MICE; ZINC; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; METALLOTHIONEIN ID ZN-65 DISTRIBUTION; PREGNANT RAT; METALLOTHIONEIN; INDUCTION; INJURY; DEFICIENCY; CADMIUM; INVIVO AB We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) would be teratogenic in mice due in part to its effects on zinc metabolism. In Experiment 1, nonpregnant mice were injected with a single dose of TNF-alpha (40,000 U) or PBS and then received a Zn-65-labeled meal. Mice killed 10 h after TNF-alpha treatment had high liver Zn-65 and low plasma Zn-65, compared with controls. In Experiment 2, gestation day 8 (GD 8) mice were injected with PBS or TNF-alpha and then received a Zn-65-labeled meal. Darns killed 10 h after TNF-alpha treatment had higher liver and kidney Zn-65 and lower plasma and embryonic Zn-65 accumulation than controls. In Experiment 3, TNF-alpha dosing from GD 7-12 was associated with high maternal liver Zn and metallothionein concentrations on GD 13 and a high frequency of exencephaly on GD 18. In Experiment 4, dams fed diets containing 4.5, 12.5 or 50.0 mu g Zn/g were given PBS or TNF-alpha on GD 7-12. Gross fetal defects were not observed in the PBS-treated litters evaluated on GD 18. In contrast, TNF-alpha-treated litters were characterized by multiple defects, with the incidence and severity being highest in the low Zn diet group. In Experiment 5, embryos cultured in serum from TNF-alpha-treated animals exhibited a high frequency of defects; the developmental toxicity of this serum was ameliorated when it was supplemented with Zn. Thus, the developmental toxicity of TNF-alpha is due in part to its influence on Zn metabolism. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743, HD14388]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07355-14] NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 125 IS 4 BP 908 EP 919 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QR204 UT WOS:A1995QR20400014 PM 7722694 ER PT J AU BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T AF BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T TI OZONE REGIMES IN OR NEAR FORESTS OF THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES .1. REGIONAL PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; SITES; AREAS AB Similarities in ozone regimes at sites in or near forests of the western United States were investigated using hierarchical cluster analysis on a (63 x 17) matrix of frequencies of occurrence of 17 characteristic diurnal patterns in hourly ozone concentrations. Eight groups of sites with similar ozone patterns were identified. Sites within these groups showed geographical consistency at a local scale, but more complex spatial relationships exist regionally Unlike kriging analyses of ozone concentrations over the United States as a whole and California in particular, our analysis does not identify large areas of gradation in ozone levels. Instead, hotspots linked to populated valleys were identified with gradations in ozone exposure occurring from these hotspot areas. Considering the complex nature of terrain across the West and the restrictive role that such topography plays in atmospheric transport, hotspots in ozone concentrations are more likely than regional gradation from large urban centers. Comparisons of group memberships determined from common univariate statistics (SUM06, SUM08, 7-hour and 24-hour) with our results lead to the conclusion that regional analyses of ozone concentrations using univariate statistics are insensitive to important differences in ozone exposure regimes. Of particular concern is the inability of univariate statistics to consistently discriminate between sites with urban and non-urban characteristics. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. COMP SCI CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BOHM, M (reprint author), CSIRO,CTR ENVIRONM MECH,GPO 821,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU829 UT WOS:A1995QU82900003 PM 28086296 ER PT J AU FRANK, D AF FRANK, D TI SURFICIAL EXTENT AND CONCEPTUAL-MODEL OF HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM AT MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CASCADE RANGE; CALIFORNIA; RATES AB A once massive hydrothermal system was disgorged from the summit of Mount Rainier in a highly destructive manner about 5000 years ago. Today, hydrothermal processes are depositing clayey alteration products that have the potential to reset the stage for similar events in the future. Areas of active hydrothermal alteration occur in three representative settings: (1) An extensive area (greater than 12,000 m(2)) of heated ground and slightly acidic boiling-point fumaroles at 76-82 degrees C at East and West Craters on the volcano's summit, where alteration products include smectite, halloysite and disordered kaolinite, cristobalite, tridymite, opal, alunite, gibbsite, and calcite. (2) A small area (less than 500 m(2)) of heated ground and sub-boiling-point fumaroles at 55-60 degrees C on the upper Bank at Disappointment Cleaver with smectite alteration and chalcedony, tridymite, and opal-A encrustations, Similar areas probably occur at Willis Wall, Sunset Amphitheater, and the South Tahoma and Kautz headwalls. (3) Sulfate- and carbon dioxide-enriched thermal springs at 9-24 degrees C on the lower flank of the volcano in valley walls beside the Winthrop and Paradise Glaciers, where calcite, opal-A, and gypsum are being deposited. In addition, chloride- and carbon dioxide-enriched thermal springs issue from thin sediments that overlie Tertiary rocks at, or somewhat beyond, the base of the volcanic edifice in valley bottoms of the Nisqually and Ohanapecosh Rivers. Maximum spring temperatures of 19-25 degrees C and 38-50 degrees C, respectively, and extensive travertine deposits have developed in these more distant localities. The heat flow, distribution of thermal activity, and nature of alteration minerals and fluids suggest a conceptual model of a narrow, central hydrothermal system within Mount Rainier, with steam-heated snowmelt at the summit craters and localized leakage of steam-heated fluids within 2 km of the summit. The lateral extent of the hydrothermal system is marked by discharge of neutral sulfate-enriched thermal water from the lower flank of the cone. Simulations of geochemical mass transfer suggest that the thermal springs may be derived from an acid sulfate-chloride parent fluid which has been neutralized by reaction with andesite and highly diluted with shallow groundwater. The model may accomodate some of the thermal springs beyond the base of the edifice. Present heat flow from Mount Rainier is substantial relative to other Cascade Range volcanoes and does not appear to have diminished since at least the late 19th century. Evidence of older hydrothermal processes found in Holocene lithic tephra and debris avalanches record activity more extensive but similar in chemical composition to that of today. RP FRANK, D (reprint author), US EPA,1200 6TH AVE,ES-098,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00081-Q PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RA501 UT WOS:A1995RA50100004 ER PT J AU MASSARO, EJ AF MASSARO, EJ TI FIXATION OF THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE - A MECHANISM OF CYTOTOXICITY OF TRIBUTYLTIN SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS RP MASSARO, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 365 EP 368 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QT416 UT WOS:A1995QT41600019 ER PT J AU HERMAN, LJ AF HERMAN, LJ TI WATER-CONDITIONING TANK TO CONTROL SUPERSATURATION AND TEMPERATURE SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB An inexpensive system to control temperature and supersaturation of gases in supply water for fish-culture facilities is described. The system has been used for small delivery systems, as well as for a 1,000-gal water-conditioning system supplying 11.9 gal/min to a test apparatus. RP HERMAN, LJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 164 EP 165 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0164:WCTTCS>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR334 UT WOS:A1995QR33400015 ER PT J AU BARNES, DG DASTON, GP EVANS, JS JARABEK, AM KAVLOCK, RJ KIMMEL, CA PARK, C SPITZER, HL AF BARNES, DG DASTON, GP EVANS, JS JARABEK, AM KAVLOCK, RJ KIMMEL, CA PARK, C SPITZER, HL TI BENCHMARK DOSE WORKSHOP - CRITERIA FOR USE OF A BENCHMARK DOSE TO ESTIMATE A REFERENCE DOSE SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; RFD AB The purpose of the Benchmark Dose Workshop was to assess the feasibility and implications of replacing the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) with a benchmark dose (BRID) when deriving reference doses and concentrations (RfDs and RfCs). The workshop participants supported the use of the BMD method to remove many of the limitations inherent in using the NOAEL approach, Participants endorsed in general the use of a BMD for all quantal noncancer health effects and endorsed in particular the BMD for assessing developmental toxicity based on data presented at the workshop. The discussions of implementation recognized the need to demonstrate that changing from a NOAEL to a BMD gives the risk manager more certain information on which to base decisions, Most participants agreed that the current NOAEL-derived RfDs and RfCs are sufficiently protective and should only be changed as data become available for estimating a BMD, It was recognized that to achieve general acceptance of the BMD approach, it will have to be applied to a variety of endpoints. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,DIV HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45253. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. DOW CHEM CO USA,HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,MIDLAND,MI 48674. INT LIFE SCI INST,INST RISK SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. NR 23 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1006/rtph.1995.1043 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QY863 UT WOS:A1995QY86300016 PM 7644719 ER PT J AU SUN, K KRAUSE, GF MAYER, FL ELLERSIECK, MR BASU, AP AF SUN, K KRAUSE, GF MAYER, FL ELLERSIECK, MR BASU, AP TI ESTIMATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY BY FITTING A DOSE-TIME-RESPONSE SURFACE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; DOSE TIME-RESPONSE SURFACE; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; MODEL; SOFTWARE ID FISH AB In acute toxicity testing, organisms are continuously exposed to progressively increasing concentrations of a chemical and deaths of test organisms are recorded at several selected times. The results of the test are traditionally summarized by a dose-response curve, and the time course of effect is usually ignored for lack of a suitable model. A model which integrates the combined effects of dose and exposure duration on response is derived from the biological mechanisms of aquatic toxicity, and a statistically efficient approach for estimating acute toxicity by fitting the proposed model is developed in this paper. The proposed procedure has been computerized as software and a typical data set is used to illustrate the theory and procedure. The new statistical technique is also tested by a data base of a variety of chemical and fish species. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP SUN, K (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT STAT,AGR EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00318.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA RE091 UT WOS:A1995RE09100017 PM 7597260 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM AF ANDREWS, JE EBRONMCCOY, M KAVLOCK, RJ ROGERS, JM TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF FORMATE AND FORMIC-ACID IN WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY WITH MOUSE AND RAT EMBRYOS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALED METHANOL; ORGANOGENESIS; BLOOD AB Acute methanol (MeOH) toxicity in primates is attributed to the conversion of MeOH to formate and the resulting acidosis. MeOH has been shown to be developmentally toxic in mice and rats both in vivo and in vitro, but rodents neither accumulate formate nor develop acidosis after MeOH exposure. To further assess the potential human developmental toxicity of MeOH exposure, we evaluated the developmental effects of sodium (Na) formate and formic acid in rodent whole embryo culture (WEC). Day 9 rat embryos were cultured for 24 or 48 hours and day 8 mouse embryos were cultured for 24 hours in the presence of Na-formate or formic acid. Rat and mouse embryos exposed to either agent for 24 hours exhibited a trend toward reduced growth and development and the number of abnormalities increased at the higher concentrations. Rat embryos exposed for 48 hours to either Na-formate or formic acid showed a trend toward reduced growth and development with increasing concentration. Embryo lethality and incidence of abnormal embryos were also increased at the higher concentrations. The anomalies observed in both species after exposure to either compound were primarily open anterior and posterior neuropore with less frequent incidence of rotational defects, tail anomalies, enlarged pericardium and delayed heart development. Exposure to Na-formate or formic acid for comparable periods of time results in comparable degrees of embryotoxicity at concentrations (mMolar) at least 4-fold lower than those previously reported for methanol exposure. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(*) RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510409 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RJ394 UT WOS:A1995RJ39400008 PM 7570366 ER PT J AU HUNGERFORD, LL TRAMMEL, HL CLARK, JM AF HUNGERFORD, LL TRAMMEL, HL CLARK, JM TI THE POTENTIAL UTILITY OF ANIMAL POISONING DATA TO IDENTIFY HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAD; ASSOCIATION; HERBICIDES; URBAN; DOGS; AREA AB The database of the National Animal Poison Control Center (NAPCC) was evaluated as a source for animal poison data indicating human health hazards in indoor and outdoor environments. From 14,150 calls in the 1985 database, 259 cases were identified with histories suggesting human exposure. A subgroup of 25 cases with known human exposure was found. Dogs were the most common sentinel animal, but bird cases represented the highest proportional selection from the total 1985 call list. Indoor exposures represented 43.2% of cases; the most common toxicants were insecticides, lead and toxic fumes. Exposures associated with lawns were mainly due to insecticides and herbicides and constituted 25.5% of cases. Other outdoor exposures composed the remaining 31.7% of cases, with insecticides, herbicides and unidentified toxins the leading categories. Many of the specific agents identified, such as organophosphate insecticides, lead, gas and fume toxins, and phenoxy herbicides are also risk factors in human diseases. This study indicates that databases such as NAPCC could serve as sources of sentinel animal intoxications for followup studies to evaluate known and potential human health hazards. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,NATL ANIM POISON CONTROL CTR,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP HUNGERFORD, LL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,2001 S LINCOLN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 158 EP 162 PG 5 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA QP266 UT WOS:A1995QP26600016 PM 7631498 ER PT J AU ESHLEMAN, KN DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M WIGINGTON, PJ AF ESHLEMAN, KN DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M WIGINGTON, PJ TI A 2-COMPONENT MIXING MODEL FOR PREDICTING REGIONAL EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS DURING SPRING SNOWMELT PERIODS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE STATUS; LAKE ACIDIFICATION; ADIRONDACK LAKES; NEW-YORK; SULFUR DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; CHEMISTRY; MOUNTAINS; RUNOFF AB A two-component mixing model of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is proposed for explaining two observed features related to the episodic acidification of surface waters during snowmelt periods: (1) maximum episodic declines in ANC are largest in high ANC systems and increase linearly with antecedent ANC and (2) relative depressions in ANC attributable to increases in nitric acid concentrations are larger in low ANC systems, while relative depressions in ANC attributable to dilution of base cations are larger in high ANC systems, Conceptually, the model represents the physical mixing of two hydrochemical end-members within a surface water environment, although the physical sources of water in the model are undefined. The model is shown to explain 55-72% of the total variation of these characteristics among various surface water systems within the Catskill and Adirondack mountain regions of New York. In addition, the model also explains 11-47% of the relative depression in ANC attributable to natural organic acidity in surface waters in these regions, The model is subsequently linked to an empirical equilibrium acidification model for predicting the long-term episodic acidification response of Adirondack lakes during snowmelt periods, Model predictions suggest that percentage decreases in sulfuric acid concentrations of the magnitude mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (40%) will not restore to positive values the ANC of ah Adirondack lakes which are currently acidic (ANC < 0) during spring snowmelt periods. Long-term increases in nitric acid concentrations may counterbalance the expected increases in ANC attributable to reductions in sulfur deposition. C1 UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOG,BRISTOL BS8 1TH,AVON,ENGLAND. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP ESHLEMAN, KN (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CLARK HALL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1021 DI 10.1029/94WR03289 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QQ320 UT WOS:A1995QQ32000020 ER PT J AU SEMPRINI, L KITANIDIS, PK KAMPBELL, DH WILSON, JT AF SEMPRINI, L KITANIDIS, PK KAMPBELL, DH WILSON, JT TI ANAEROBIC TRANSFORMATION OF CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN A SAND AQUIFER BASED ON SPATIAL CHEMICAL-DISTRIBUTIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; SULFATE REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; DEHALOGENATION; DEGRADATION AB We estimated the distribution of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) from groundwater samples collected along three transects in a sand aquifer. Trichloroethylene (TCE) leaked and contaminated the aquifer probably more than a decade before we collected the measurements. The data show significant concentrations of TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene. We attributed DCE, VC, and ethene to the reductive dehalogenation of TCE. The CAH concentrations varied significantly with depth and correlate with sulfate and methane concentrations. Anoxic aquifer conditions exist with methane present at relatively high concentrations at depth. High concentrations of TCE correspond with the absence of methane or low methane concentrations, whereas products of TCE dehalogenation are associated with higher methane concentrations and low sulfate concentrations. Indications are that the dechlorination of TCE and DCE to VC and ethene is associated with sulfate reduction and active methanogenesis. TCE dechlorination to DCE is likely occurring under the less reducing conditions of sulfate reduction, with further reductions to VC and ethene occurring under methanogenic conditions. We estimated that about 20% of TCE has dechlorinated to ethene. The analysis of the data enhanced our knowledge of natural in situ transformation and transport processes of CAHs. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP SEMPRINI, L (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1062 DI 10.1029/94WR02380 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QQ320 UT WOS:A1995QQ32000024 ER PT J AU SHANOFF, B AF SHANOFF, B TI NSWMA CHALLENGES WISCONSIN LAW SO WORLD WASTES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARGUS BUSINESS PI PITTSFIELD PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830 SN 0161-035X J9 WORLD WASTE PD APR PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA QQ029 UT WOS:A1995QQ02900019 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD EBRONMCCOY, M ANDREWS, JE AF ABBOTT, BD EBRONMCCOY, M ANDREWS, JE TI CELL-DEATH IN RAT AND MOUSE EMBRYOS EXPOSED TO METHANOL IN WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METHANOL; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EMBRYO CULTURE ID ACUTE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS; ETHANOL; INVITRO; ORGANOGENESIS; TERATOGENESIS; SYSTEM; MICE AB Methanol induces developmental toxicity in rats and mice producing exencephaly, cleft palate, cervical skeletal defects, reduced body weight, and increased embryo/fetal death. Exposure to methanol in whole embryo culture also induces developmental retardation, dysmorphagenesis, and embryo lethality. In the present study, cultured rat and mouse embryos were exposed to methanol and subsequently observed for morphological effects and increased cell death using modified Feulgen staining which allowed nuclei throughout the embryo to be examined in situ. Growth and developmental scores were reduced by methanol in both rat and mouse embryos and the mouse embryos were affected at lower concentrations when compared to the rat. Methanol increased cell death in specific regions of both rat and mouse embryos, including the forebrain, the visceral arches, otic and optic placodes. These regions form derivatives which manifest morphological abnormalities following exposure in vivo. Methanol did not increase cell death in the neuroepithelium or neural folds and neural tube defects cannot be explained by excess cell death. The results of this study suggest that increased cell death in specific regions of the exposed embryos has a role in producing cranial malformations, abnormalities of the eye and ear, and cleft palate. RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 31 PY 1995 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)02945-Q PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QT012 UT WOS:A1995QT01200018 PM 7716782 ER PT J AU CHIAPPA, S PADILLA, S KOENIGSBERGER, C MOSER, V BRIMIJOIN, S AF CHIAPPA, S PADILLA, S KOENIGSBERGER, C MOSER, V BRIMIJOIN, S TI SLOW ACCUMULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN RAT-BRAIN DURING ENZYME-INHIBITION BY REPEATED DOSING WITH CHLORPYRIFOS SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLORPYRIFOS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE GENE EXPRESSION; RAT BRAIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE ID CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; INSECTICIDES; PARAOXON; RECOVERY; MUSCLE; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; INTOXICATION; EXPOSURES; CLONING; PLASMA AB When given to rats, O,O'-diethyl-O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl]-phosphorothionate (chlorpyrifos), a common insecticide, causes an unusually lengthy dose-dependent fall in the activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). To determine whether the slow recovery involves impaired AChE synthesis, experiments were designed to measure AChE activity, immunoreactive AChE protein (AChE-IR) and AChE mRNA. Male, Long-Evans rats, maintained at 350 +/- 5 g, were dosed (s.c.) weekly for 4 weeks with 0, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg chlorpyrifos in peanut oil. Brain tissue was harvested 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after treatment began. AChE activity was measured by Ellman assay, and AChE-IR was estimated by two-site ELISA using monoclonal antibodies to rat brain AChE. While AChE activity fell significantly at all times and doses, AChE-IR increased at 3 and 5 weeks in the two higher dosage groups. Larger increases of AChE-IR were observed after chlorpyrifos was administered for 4 weeks by the oral route. Northern blots quantified with reference to cyclophilin were consistent with stable levels of AChE mRNA. Overall, it appears that chronically reduced brain AChE activity after chlorpyrifos reflects sustained enzyme inhibition, not loss of enzyme protein or suppression of AChE message. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHIAPPA, S (reprint author), MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT PHARMACOL,200 1ST ST SW,ROCHESTER,MN 55905, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 18170] NR 34 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 49 IS 7 BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00004-J PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QR216 UT WOS:A1995QR21600011 PM 7537966 ER PT J AU STYBLO, M THOMAS, DJ AF STYBLO, M THOMAS, DJ TI IN-VITRO INHIBITION OF GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE BY ARSENOTRIGLUTATHIONE SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARSENOTRIGLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; INHIBITION; ARSENIC; GLUTATHIONE; ARSENIC TOXICITY ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ARSENIC METHYLATION; INVITRO; METABOLISM AB -Arsenotriglutathione, a product of the reaction of arsenate or arsenite with glutathione, is a mixed-type inhibitor (K-i = 0.34 mM) of the in vitro reduction of glutathione disulfide by purified yeast glutathione reductase. Notably, arsenotriglutathione was a 10-fold more potent inhibitor than either arsenite or glutathione. The inhibition of glutathione reductase by arsenotriglutathione was partly reversed by the addition of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). However, high concentrations of DMSA also inhibited the reduction of glutathione disulfide by the yeast enzyme (IC50 of 7 mM with 0.1 mM glutathione disulfide). Ultrafiltration of the enzyme-arsenotriglutathione complex recovered about 74% of the original (non-inhibited) activity, suggesting that the inhibition of glutathione reductase by arsenotriglutathione had both reversible and irreversible components. The relatively high potency of arsenotriglutathione as an inhibitor of glutathione reductase may alter the reduction of glutathione disulfide and affect the availability of glutathione that is required for the reduction of arsenate to arsenite and for the formation of the arsenotriglutathione complex. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP STYBLO, M (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 49 IS 7 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00008-N PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QR216 UT WOS:A1995QR21600013 PM 7741769 ER PT J AU DUPONT, HL CHAPPELL, CL STERLING, CR OKHUYSEN, PC ROSE, JB JAKUBOWSKI, W AF DUPONT, HL CHAPPELL, CL STERLING, CR OKHUYSEN, PC ROSE, JB JAKUBOWSKI, W TI THE INFECTIVITY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM IN HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; OUTBREAK; OOCYSTS; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; GIARDIA; DISINFECTANTS; VIABILITY; OZONE; MICE AB Background. Small numbers of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts can contaminate even treated drinking water, and ingestion of oocysts can cause diarrheal disease in normal as well as immunocompromised hosts. Since the number of organisms necessary to cause infection in humans is unknown, we performed a study to determine the infective dose of the parasite in healthy adults. Methods. After providing informed consent, 29 healthy volunteers without evidence of previous C. parvum infection, as determined by the absence of anti-cryptosporidium-specific antibodies, were given a single dose of 30 to 1 million C. parvum oocysts obtained from a calf. They were then monitored for oocyst excretion and clinical illness for eight weeks. Household contacts were monitored for secondary spread. Reuslts. Of the 16 subjects who received an intended dose of 300 or more oocysts, 14 (88 percent) became infected. After a dose of 30 oocysts, one of five subjects (20 percent) became infected, whereas at a dose of 1000 or more oocysts, seven of seven became infected. The median infective dose, calculated by linear regression, was 132 oocysts. Of the 18 subjects who excreted oocysts after the challenge dose, 11 had enteric symptoms and 7 (39 percent) had clinical cryptosporidiosis, consisting of diarrhea plus at least one other enteric symptom. All recovered, and there were no secondary cases of diarrhea among household contacts. Conclusions. In healthy adults with no serologic evidence of past infection with C. parvum, a low dose of C. parvum oocysts is sufficient to cause infection. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-02558] NR 31 TC 575 Z9 609 U1 2 U2 31 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 13 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1056/NEJM199503303321304 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QP228 UT WOS:A1995QP22800004 PM 7870140 ER PT J AU PLEIL, JD LINDSTROM, AB AF PLEIL, JD LINDSTROM, AB TI MEASUREMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN EXHALED BREATH AS COLLECTED IN EVACUATED ELECTROPOLISHED CANISTERS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DISULFIDE; AIR; CHLOROFORM; EXPOSURES; CHAMBER; WATER AB A set of three complementary analytical methods were developed specifically for exhaled breath as collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection. The first is a screening method to quantify the carbon dioxide component (generally at 4-5% concentration), the second method measures the very volatile high-level endogenous compounds [e.g. acetone and isoprene at 500-1000 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), methanol, ethanol, dimethylsulfide at 2-10 ppbv], and the third method is designed to measure trace-level environmental contaminants and other endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (sub-ppbv) in breath. The canister-based sample format allows all three methods to be applied to each individual sample for complete constituent characterization. Application of these methods is shown to be useful in the following ways: analysis of CO2 levels indicates the approximate quantity of alveolar breath collected (as opposed to whole breath) in a sample; levels of major endogenous compounds are shown to be influenced by physical activities and subsequent recovery periods; and environmental exposures to xenobiotic VOCs can be characterized by assessment of post-exposure breath elimination curves. The instrumentation and methodology are described and example chromatograms and quantitative data plots demonstrating the utility of the methods are presented. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD MAR 24 PY 1995 VL 665 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00545-G PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QQ434 UT WOS:A1995QQ43400002 PM 7795807 ER PT J AU WHITON, RS WITHERSPOON, CL BUCKLEY, TJ AF WHITON, RS WITHERSPOON, CL BUCKLEY, TJ TI IMPROVED HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON METABOLITES IN HUMAN URINE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note ID 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; EXPOSURE AB A reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was evaluated for utility in determination of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as biomarkers of environmental exposure. The method, which was developed for use in studies of high-level occupational exposure, was found to be unreliable for relatively low-level environmental exposures. The method was modified to include quantitation by standard addition in order to compensate for matrix effects at levels as low as 0.1 ng/ml. The standard addition modification increased both qualitative and quantitative performance, with recovery of 1-hydroxypyrene spikes improved from 164% to 114% at 0.36 ng/ml. The modified method was successfully applied in an environmental exposure study. C1 US EPA,HUMAN EXPOSURE RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WHITON, RS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 123313,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD MAR 24 PY 1995 VL 665 IS 2 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00537-F PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QQ434 UT WOS:A1995QQ43400014 PM 7795819 ER PT J AU MCKINNEY, JD AGARWAL, SC PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR SINGH, P NESNOW, S AF MCKINNEY, JD AGARWAL, SC PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR SINGH, P NESNOW, S TI 3,5-DINITRO-4-(4-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENOXY)TOLUENE, CONFORMATIONALLY RELATED TO THYROID-HORMONES SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C14H9F3N2O5, was synthesized as a crystalline intermediate in the synthetic route to the diiodo compound which is a potential thyroid-hormone analog. Although all the bond distances and angles have normal values in the crystal structure, there was non-coplanarity of the nitro groups [dihedral angles between the phenyl group and N(1), O(1), O(2) and N(2), O(3), O(4) are 21.5 and 60.3 degrees, respectively] and significant asymmetry in the bond angles at the pivotal atom, C(4), of the dinitrophenyl ring. The interplanar angle between the phenyl rings is 80.2 degrees. Energy-refined structures for the dinitro and diiodo compounds gave interplanar angles of 80.05 and 79.65 degrees, respectively. The skewed or twist-skewed conformation seen in thyroid hormones is reasonably well preserved in these model systems. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MCKINNEY, JD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH MD74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 51 BP 428 EP 432 DI 10.1107/S0108270194005305 PN 3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA QN634 UT WOS:A1995QN63400031 ER PT J AU WILLINGHAM, FE COGGINS, JM COHEN, KL GOLDSTEIN, GM TRIPOLI, NK OGLE, JW AF WILLINGHAM, FE COGGINS, JM COHEN, KL GOLDSTEIN, GM TRIPOLI, NK OGLE, JW TI HYPEREMIA MEASUREMENTS AND VALIDITY IN A NEW DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS SYSTEM SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT COMP SCI,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 36 IS 4 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA QM915 UT WOS:A1995QM91500175 ER PT J AU DREHER, K COSTA, D JASKOT, R KODAVANTI, U AF DREHER, K COSTA, D JASKOT, R KODAVANTI, U TI ROLE OF SOLUBLE METALS IN THE ACUTE PULMONARY TOXICITY OF AN EMISSION SOURCE PARTICULATE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CEMLB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A959 EP A959 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40601947 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, K MURALIDHARA, S SIMMONS, JE BRUCKNER, JV AF HOLLAND, K MURALIDHARA, S SIMMONS, JE BRUCKNER, JV TI EFFECTS OF FASTING ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A689 EP A689 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40600378 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, UP JASKOT, R COSTA, DL DREHER, KL AF KODAVANTI, UP JASKOT, R COSTA, DL DREHER, KL TI LUNG INJURY-INDUCED BY METALS FOUND IN RESIDUAL OIL FLY-ASH IS ASSOCIATED WITH UP-REGULATION OF CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CEMLB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 SU 21A BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT864 UT WOS:A1995QT86400936 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI FEVER IN THE RAT TREATED WITH THE ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ANTICHE), DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A256 EP A256 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701510 ER PT J AU KARI, F SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K LUSTER, M HATCH, G AF KARI, F SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K LUSTER, M HATCH, G TI DIETARY RESTRICTION MITIGATES OZONE-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY IN RATS - ROLE OF ASCORBATE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27719. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A413 EP A413 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702417 ER PT J AU NORWOOD, J SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K HATCH, G AF NORWOOD, J SLADE, R CRISSMAN, K HATCH, G TI THE EFFECT OF LIDOCAINE AND ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA) ON BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL) FLUID AND CELL RECOVERY, FOLLOWING OZONE (O-3) EXPOSURE IN RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A571 EP A571 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98703332 ER PT J AU UBEDA, A TRILLO, MA HOUSE, DH BLACKMAN, CF AF UBEDA, A TRILLO, MA HOUSE, DH BLACKMAN, CF TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL LEVELS OF MELATONIN BLOCK MAGNETIC-FIELD-INDUCED CELL-DIFFERENTIATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP RAMON Y CAJAL,E-28034 MADRID,SPAIN. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A425 EP A425 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702488 ER PT J AU Miller, ML AF Miller, ML TI Disc players, the records manager/archivist, and the development of optical imaging applications SO AMERICAN ARCHIVIST LA English DT Article AB Although the computer literature is full of stories about successful imaging (optical disc) applications, records management professionals have countless stories about failed ones. As the technology matures, archivists and records managers are increasingly being asked to join imaging application development teams. How can these disciplines contribute to a successful application? This paper suggests some indicators archivists and records managers can use in evaluating imaging applications and some questions they can pose to improve the chances that the application will be a successful one, It is not the goal here to look at long-term storage and transportability issues; rather, the essay concentrates on what records professionals can do to improve the odds that an imaging application-either their own or one whose records they may someday inherit-is a success. RP Miller, ML (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHIVISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 504, 600 S FEDERAL, CHICAGO, IL 60605 SN 0360-9081 J9 AM ARCHIVIST JI Am. Arch. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 58 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 PG 11 WC History; Information Science & Library Science SC History; Information Science & Library Science GA UY137 UT WOS:A1995UY13700005 ER PT J AU HATCH, GE AF HATCH, GE TI ASTHMA, INHALED OXIDANTS, AND DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nutrition and Environmental Health, at Experimental Biology 94 CY APR 24-26, 1994 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC CLIN NUTR INC, NIEHS DE ASTHMA; SMOKING; VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; OXIDANTS; NITROGEN OXIDES ID DEPENDENT CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; STEADY-STATE TURNOVER; ASCORBIC-ACID; VITAMIN-C; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; 9-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GUINEA-PIGS AB The possible influence of dietary antioxidants, especially vitamin C, on the increasing prevalence of asthma is explored. Vitamin C intake in the general population appears to correlate with asthma, suggesting that a diet low in vitamin C is a risk factor for asthma. Epidemiological studies show associations among oxidant exposure, respiratory infections, and asthma in children of smokers. Symptoms of ongoing asthma in adults appear to be increased by exposure to environmental oxidants and decreased by vitamin C supplementation. There is evidence that oxidants produced endogenously by overactive inflammatory cells contribute to ongoing asthma. Vitamin C is the major antioxidant substance present in the airway surface liquid of the lung, where it could be important in protecting against both endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Nitrogen oxides are exemplary of oxidants that could arise from both endogenous and environmental sources, which are protected against by vitamin C, and that may be important in causation and propagation of asthma. RP HATCH, GE (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, PULM TOXICOL BRANCH, MD-82, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 68 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 3 SU S BP 625S EP 630S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QK832 UT WOS:A1995QK83200002 PM 7879729 ER PT J AU FUNK, SB CRAWFORD, DL CRAWFORD, RL MEAD, G DAVISHOOVER, W AF FUNK, SB CRAWFORD, DL CRAWFORD, RL MEAD, G DAVISHOOVER, W TI FULL-SCALE ANAEROBIC BIOREMEDIATION OF TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) CONTAMINATED SOIL - A US EPA SITE PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-13, 1994 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, BIOFUELS SYST DIV, ADV IND CONCEPTS DIV, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, IDAHO NATL ENG LAB, AMOCO CORP, ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO, BIO TECH RESOURCES L P, DORR OLIVER INC, ENZYME BIO SYST LTD, GENENCOR INT, GIST BROCADES, GOLDEN TECHNOL CO LNC, GRAIN PROC CORP, MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYST INC, MICHIGAN BIOTECHNOL INST, NEW ENERGY CO INDIANA L P, PROC SYST INC, RAPHAEL KATZEN ASSOC INT INC, ROQUETTE AMER INC, SOLVAY ENZYMES INC, A E STALEY, WEYERHAEUSER, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV BIOCHEM TECHNOL DE TRINITROTOLUENE; DINOSEB; DEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; SOIL ID DEGRADATION AB An anaerobic bioremediation process for the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds in soil was demonstrated. This ex situ process was demonstrated full-scale at a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-contaminated site near Weldon Spring, MO. A bioreactor was loaded with approx 23 m(3) of TNT-contaminated soil in the form of a 50:50 soil: water slurry. This slurry was augmented with a starchy carbon source (1-2% w/v) and buffered with phosphate to near-neutral pH. Indigenous soil bacteria utilized the oxygen, making the slurry anaerobic within 1-2 d. Anaerobes then degraded the TNT (3000 mg/kg) in approx 11 wk. A relatively long treatment time for the bioremediation of the TNT-contaminated soil was necessary, possibly because of the cool ambient temperatures, high clay content of the soil, high level of contamination, and high level of recalcitrance of TNT in soils. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT MICROBIOL MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM,MOSCOW,ID 83844. UNIV IDAHO,CTR HAZARDOUS WASTE REMEDIAT RES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. JR SIMPLOT CO,POCATELLO,ID. NR 9 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 51-2 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1007/BF02933464 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QW150 UT WOS:A1995QW15000060 ER PT J AU CHILDERS, JW SMITH, DF WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK AF CHILDERS, JW SMITH, DF WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK TI ANALYSIS OF NITROCRESOLS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MATRIX-ISOLATION INFRARED SPECTROMETRY SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED; MATRIX ISOLATION INFRARED; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MATRIX ISOLATION INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; NITROCRESOLS; SAMPLE PHASE; HYDROGEN BONDING; HYDROXYL STRETCHING FREQUENCIES ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NITRATED PHENOLS; AIR; NITROPHENOLS; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; POLLUTANTS; PRODUCTS AB The capabilities of gas chromatography/matrix-isolation infrared (GC/MIIR) spectrometry for characterizing nitrocresols in air sample extracts were evaluated. The IR spectra of selected nitrocresols were recorded in an argon matrix, in a xenon matrix, in the vapor phase, and in dilute CCl4 solution. The MIIR spectra of the nitrocresols that do not undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding exhibited split OH stretching bands. Several factors that might cause band splitting, including aggregation, solute-matrix interactions, and the isolation of conformers, were investigated. The presence of aggregates was indicated by a broad band assigned to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the MIIR spectra of 3- and 4-nitrocresol isomers deposited in an argon matrix at a matrix-to-solute ratio less than or equal to 283:1. The split OH absorption bands persisted, however, when there was no evidence of aggregate formation. The complexity of the split OH stretching bands was also influenced by steric factors and by the choice of matrix gas. This result suggests that isolation of rotational isomers and solute-matrix interactions also contribute to the band splitting. The presence of the split OH absorption bands did not preclude the use of the GC/MIIR technique to identify several nitrocresols produced from the photooxidation of toluene and NOx. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHILDERS, JW (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 286 EP 294 DI 10.1366/0003702953963454 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA QM508 UT WOS:A1995QM50800005 ER PT J AU VIGANO, L ARILLO, A DEFLORA, S LAZORCHAK, J AF VIGANO, L ARILLO, A DEFLORA, S LAZORCHAK, J TI EVALUATION OF MICROSOMAL AND CYTOSOLIC BIOMARKERS IN A 7-DAY LARVAL TROUT SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SAC FRY; RIVER SEDIMENT; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; BIOTRANSFORMATION ENZYMES; BIOMARKERS ID XENOBIOTIC METABOLIZING ENZYMES; MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; EMBRYONIC PERIOD; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; AQUATIC ANIMALS; LIMANDA-LIMANDA; RIVER WATER; NORTH-SEA AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sac fry (larvae) were exposed to River Po sediments for 7 days. The sediments were collected in the River Po at two sites located upstream and downstream of the confluence of a polluted tributary, the River Lambro. An additional sediment treatment was also tested, in which trout larvae were kept from direct contact with the downstream sediment by interposing a Teflon net. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (AHH), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APDM) and UDP glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) activities were found to be significantly induced in whole-body microsomal preparations of sac fry exposed to the downstream sediment. No significant modification was evident in any of the tested cytosolic biomarkers, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and the content of nonprotein thiols (SH). With the exception of a slight induction of AHH enzyme activity, no difference could be found between fry exposed to control sediment and those screened from the downstream sediment, suggesting that direct contact with sediment was the major route of exposure to contaminants. This study demonstrates that several enzyme activities, which are known to occur in juvenile and adult rainbow trout, are also detectable at the sac-fry (larval) stage, and some of these activities can be induced by a short-term exposure to a contaminated sediment. C1 UNIV GENOA,INST ZOOL,I-16126 GENOA,ITALY. UNIV GENOA,INST HYG & PREVENT MED,I-16132 GENOA,ITALY. US EPA,BIOASSESSMENT & ECOTOXICOL BRANCH,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH. RP VIGANO, L (reprint author), CNR,WATER RES INST,I-20047 BRUGHERIO,ITALY. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00063-V PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA QN190 UT WOS:A1995QN19000001 ER PT J AU SALDIVA, PHN POPE, CA SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW LICHTENFELS, AJ SALGE, JM BARONE, I BOHM, GM AF SALDIVA, PHN POPE, CA SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW LICHTENFELS, AJ SALGE, JM BARONE, I BOHM, GM TI AIR-POLLUTION AND MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE - A TIME-SERIES STUDY IN SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The relationship between daily mortality of elderly (65+ y) persons and air pollution in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, for the period May 1990 to April 1991 was evaluated by time series regression, controlling for season, weather, and other factors. Mortality was associated with respirable particles (PM(10)), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (GO). The association with PM(10) was most statistically significant, robust, and independent of other air pollutants. An increase in PM(10) equal to 100 mu g/m(3) was associated with an increase in overall mortality equal to approximately 13%. This association was consistent across various model specifications and estimation techniques. The dose-response relationship between mortality and respirable particulate pollution was almost linear, with no evidence of a ''safe'' threshold level. The results were similar to those observed in London and several U.S. cities. The results were also supportive of recent animal studies that have observed adverse health outcomes in experimental animals exposed to air pollution in Sao Paulo. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT ECON,PROVO,UT 84602. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SALDIVA, PHN (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,FAC MED,DEPT PATOL,POLUICAO ATMOSFER EXPTL LAB,AV DR ARNALDO 455,BR-01246900 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Saldiva, Paulo/D-7385-2012; Lichtenfels, Ana Julia/D-4072-2015; Salge, Joao/B-5157-2015 OI Saldiva, Paulo/0000-0003-2005-8253; Salge, Joao/0000-0001-5121-0129 NR 18 TC 161 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 11 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 50 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE755 UT WOS:A1995RE75500010 PM 7786052 ER PT J AU SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL AF SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV GRIFFIS, WL TI COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF GUTHION AND GUTHION-2S TO XENOPUS-LAEVIS AND PSEUDACRIS-REGILLA TADPOLES SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOCONCENTRATION RP SCHUYTEMA, GS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 382 EP 388 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QD256 UT WOS:A1995QD25600010 PM 7749270 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RS AF BENNETT, RS TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF SEVERAL MEASURES OF EGGSHELL QUALITY TO THE STAGE OF EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP BENNETT, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QD256 UT WOS:A1995QD25600017 PM 7749277 ER PT J AU IZZOTTI, A DEFLORA, S PETRILLI, GL GALLAGHER, J ROJAS, M ALEXANDROV, K BARTSCH, H LEWTAS, J AF IZZOTTI, A DEFLORA, S PETRILLI, GL GALLAGHER, J ROJAS, M ALEXANDROV, K BARTSCH, H LEWTAS, J TI CANCER BIOMARKERS IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS - DETECTION OF DNA-ADDUCTS SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BENZO(A)PYRENE; LUNG; SMOKERS; TUMORS; ASSAY; MICE AB Since somatic mutations are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis not only of cancer but also of atherosclerotic plaques, we measured DNA adducts in the smooth muscle layer of atherosclerotic lesions in abdominal aorta specimens taken at surgery from seven patients. DNA adducts were evaluated in three laboratories;by means of different molecular dosimetry methods, including: (a) HPLC/fluorescence, which specifically identifies the DNA adducts of the antibenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE) isomer; (b) two- and three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometries, which detect DNA adducts of BPDE and other reactive metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and (c) P-32 postlabeling, which reveals the presence of a variety of types of DNA adducts. The HPLC/fluorescence method provided for the first time evidence for the presence of BPDE-DNA specific adducts in three of six specimens tested. Synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry displayed broad areas of fluorescence in all seven specimens, thereby suggesting the occurrence not only of BPDE-DNA but also of other DNA adducts with similar fluorescence characteristics. All specimens were also positive at P-32 postlabeling, which revealed multiple spots detectable following enrichment either with nuclease P, or butanol, indicative of the presence of different aromatic DNA adducts. Thus, the data obtained by applying typical cancer biomarkers provide further support to the hypothesis that there may be similarities between the carcinogenic and the atherogenic processes, and in particular that genetic alterations caused by DNA-binding agents in the artery wall may be detected in atherosclerotic lesions. C1 UNIV GENOA,INST HYG & PREVENT MED,I-16132 GENOA,ITALY. GALLIERA HOSP,DEPT VASC SURG,I-16128 GENOA,ITALY. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. OI izzotti, alberto/0000-0002-8588-0347 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 4 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QK538 UT WOS:A1995QK53800004 PM 7742716 ER PT J AU ROSS, JA NELSON, GB WILSON, KH RABINOWITZ, JR GALATI, A STONER, GD NESNOW, S MASS, MJ AF ROSS, JA NELSON, GB WILSON, KH RABINOWITZ, JR GALATI, A STONER, GD NESNOW, S MASS, MJ TI ADENOMAS INDUCED BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN STRAIN A/J MOUSE LUNG CORRELATE WITH TIME-INTEGRATED DNA ADDUCT LEVELS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BENZO(A)PYRENE ADDUCTS; RAT LUNG; LIVER; MICE; BENZOFLUORANTHENE; BENZOPYRENE; PERSISTENCE; CELLS; SKIN AB The induction of DNA adducts and adenomas in the lungs of strain A/J mice has been investigated following the single i.p. administration of each of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, 5-methylchrysene, and cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene. DNA adducts were measured by P-32-postlabeling at times between 1 and 21 days following injection, while adenomas were counted at 240 days after treatment. Pyrene did not induce either DNA adducts or lung adenomas at any of the doses examined. Each of the remaining PAH induced both adenomas and DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, with dibenz[a,h]anthracene > 5-methylchrysene > cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene > benzo[a]pyrene > benzo[b]fluoranthene. DNA adducts reached maximal levels between 3 and 9 days after injection, followed by a gradual decrease. The time-integrated DNA adduct level (TIDAL) was calculated by numerically integrating the areas under the adduct persistence curves extrapolated to 240 days for each PAR at each dose Level. This value represents the effective total molecular dose of PAH that was delivered to the lung DNA over the entire course of tumorigenesis. A strong correlation of lung adenoma induction with the TIDAL values was observed for each PAH. The slopes of the tumors versus TIDAL value relationships were essentially identical for 5-methylchrysene, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene. The slope of this relationship for dibenz[a,h]anthracene was markedly greater. The essentially identical induction of adenomas as a function of TIDAL values for these PAR suggests that the formation and persistence of DNA adducts determines their carcinogenic potency. C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. OHIO STATE UNIV,ARTHUR JAMES CANC HOSP,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP ROSS, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 18 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1044 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QJ600 UT WOS:A1995QJ60000014 PM 7866986 ER PT J AU FERREIRAGONZALEZ, A DEANGELO, AB NASIM, S GARRETT, CT AF FERREIRAGONZALEZ, A DEANGELO, AB NASIM, S GARRETT, CT TI RAS ONCOGENE ACTIVATION DURING HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN B6C3F1 MALE-MICE BY DICHLOROACETIC AND TRICHLOROACETIC ACIDS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; MOUSE-LIVER; MUTATIONS; INVIVO AB Dichloroacetic (DCA) and trichloroacetic (TCA) acids, two major by-products formed during chlorine disinfection of drinking water, increase the incidence of tumors in B6C3F1 mice by 6- and 3-fold respectively, In order to understand better the mechanism by which these two compounds induce liver tumors, the incidence and spectrum of mutations in the K- and H-ras proto-oncogenes in these tumors were analyzed, DNA from spontaneous, DCA- and TCA-induced liver tumors from B6C3F1 male mice was evaluated for point mutations in exons 1, 2 and 3 of the two genes by single-stranded conformation polymorphism, Results demonstrated a similar incidence of mutations for exon 2 of H-ras in spontaneous carcinomas (58%), and in carcinomas induced by DCA 3.5 g/l (50%), 1.0 g/l (48%) and TCA 4.5 g/l (45%), Only four samples showed mutations in the other exons of H-ras or in K-ras, Sequence analysis of spontaneous tumor samples with second exon H-ras mutations revealed a change in codon 61 from CAA to AAA in 80% and CAA to CGA in 20% of tumors, In contrast, tumors with H-ras mutations from DCA-treated mice revealed a H-61 change from CAA to AAA in 21% at 3.5 g/l and 16% at 1.0 g/l, CAA to CGA was observed in 50% of tumors from mice given DCA 3.5 or 1.0 gn, and CAA to CTA was present in 29% and 34% of the two dosage groups respectively, Interestingly, TCA showed the same mutational spectrum as the spontaneous liver tumors, The data indicates that induction of liver carcinoma by DCA and TCA involves activation of the H-ras protooncogene at a frequency similar to that observed in spontaneous tumors. However, the mechanism(s) for inducing hepatocellular carcinoma does not appear to be identical for DCA and TCA. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, TMD, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.3.495 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QP093 UT WOS:A1995QP09300010 PM 7697804 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S AGARWAL, SC PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR BOONE, P RICHARD, AM AF NESNOW, S AGARWAL, SC PADGETT, WT LAMBERT, GR BOONE, P RICHARD, AM TI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDUCTS OF ALACHLOR AND 2-CHLORO-N-(2,6-DIETHYLPHENYL)ACETAMIDE WITH 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE, THYMIDINE, AND THEIR 3'-MONOPHOSPHATES SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA AB Adducts of the preemergence herbicide 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide (alachlor) and 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide (CDEPA) with 2'-deoxyguanosine, thymidine, 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate, and thymidine 3'-monophosphate have been synthesized and characterized. Under mildly basic conditions alachlor and CDEPA form N-1 adducts with 2'-deoxyguanosine and N-3 adducts with thymidine as a result of chlorine displacement. In addition, alachlor formed an N-7 adduct with 2'-deoxyguanosine, 7-[[(N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)carbamoyl]methyl]guanine. N-1 adducts of alachlor and CDEPA with 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate and N-3 adducts with thymidine 3'-monophosphate are also described. In addition to spectroscopic data, structural proof included the dephosphorylation of each nucleotide adduct to its corresponding nucleoside adduct by nuclease P1. Alachlor and alachlor adducts but not CDEPA and CDEPA adducts exhibited rotational isomerism as evidenced by proton and C-13 NMR studies. These rotamers were attributed to hindered rotation about the shortened N-carbonyl bond. Computational methods employing molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics were used to characterize the structures and energies of these rotamers to account for the patterns of duplicate NMR resonances observed. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1021/tx00044a005 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA QK539 UT WOS:A1995QK53900005 PM 7766803 ER PT J AU IRELAND, JC DAVILA, B MORENO, H FINK, SK TASSOS, S AF IRELAND, JC DAVILA, B MORENO, H FINK, SK TASSOS, S TI HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS OVER TITANIUM-DIOXIDE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYL RADICALS; ILLUMINATED TIO2; OH RADICALS; THIN-FILMS; DEGRADATION; WATER; OXIDATION; PHOTOLYSIS; STATE AB The photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of 16 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in aqueous suspensions of high surface area TiO2 illuminated with 310-380 nm ultraviolet light. Triethylamine was utilized for extraction of PAH compounds from motor oil contaminated soil and subsequently to increase PAH solubilities in TiO2/water slurries. Minimum steady-state hydroxyl radical (HO .) concentrations generated during photocatalysis were determined directly by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of a stable spin-trapped HO . adduct. In contrast to organic Compounds like trichloroethylene which are readily mineralized over TiO2, the PAHs investigated here were relatively slow to degrade although several compounds (acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) displayed exceptional decomposition kinetics. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,MIAMI,FL 33199. RP IRELAND, JC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W ML KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 965 EP 984 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)00452-Z PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QL694 UT WOS:A1995QL69400012 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, T AF AUSTIN, T TI PARTNERING WITH THE ENEMY SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Companies that have spent years developing or using chemicals are now creating methods to make those chemicals disappear. Plagued with cleanup problems, they have joined with EPA in a public/private partnership program to develop and demonstrate new remediation technologies. The first remedial processes to come out of the program are ready for field testing. RP AUSTIN, T (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV 8301,401 M ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 65 IS 3 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA QK036 UT WOS:A1995QK03600009 ER PT J AU KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP GERSHWIN, ME ANSARI, A ROGERS, JM AF KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP GERSHWIN, ME ANSARI, A ROGERS, JM TI PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ZINC-DEFICIENCY AS FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ABNORMAL CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; PREGNANCY; METALLOTHIONEIN; URETHANE; ETHANOL; ALPHA-HEDERIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION; HEPATIC METALLOTHIONEIN; INVITRO DEVELOPMENT; ZN-65 DISTRIBUTION; MATERNAL ZINC; DIETARY ZINC; PREGNANT RAT AB Zinc deficiency is a recognized reproductive hazard. The most common cause of embryonic zinc deficiency is low maternal plasma concentrations of the element, which can occur via numerous routes including the following: inadequate dietary zinc intake, genetic abnormalities in zinc metabolism, disease and drug-induced changes in zinc uptake and excretion, and cytokine-induced changes in zinc metabolism. Evidence is presented that tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a cytokine whose teratogenicity may be attributed, in part, to its effect on zinc metabolism. The concept that cytokine-induced changes in zinc metabolism represents a common mechanism underlying the developmental toxicity of several diverse toxicants is discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KEEN, CL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunction PD MAR-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2-3 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TE522 UT WOS:A1995TE52200002 ER PT J AU TSUTSUMI, M LAWS, SC RODIC, V SEALFON, SC AF TSUTSUMI, M LAWS, SC RODIC, V SEALFON, SC TI TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION OF THE GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE RECEPTOR IN ALPHA-T-3-1 CELLS SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE; HOMOLOGOUS DOWN-REGULATION; CULTURED PITUITARY-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA ACTIVITY; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CDNA CLONE; EXPRESSION; DESENSITIZATION AB Prolonged exposure of the GnRH receptor to high concentrations of GnRH leads to receptor down-regulation. The role of altered receptor biosynthesis in this agonist-induced receptor down-regulation was investigated in the mouse gonadotrope cell line, alpha T-3-1 cells. After exposure to 1 mu M GnRH for 24 h, the number of GnRH receptor-binding sites in alpha T-3-1 cells decreased to 25 +/- 6% of the control levels. No corresponding changes were observed in GnRH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) using either quantitative ribonuclease protection/solution hybridization assay or Northern blot analysis. However, when the ability of this RNA to direct the synthesis of functional GnRH receptors was examined by quantitative assessment of the voltage clamp response in Xenopus oocytes, GnRH-induced currents in oocytes injected with RNA isolated from down-regulated cells was reduced to 40 +/- 13% of the response obtained after the injection of RNA from control alpha T-3-1 cells. Thus, although GnRH receptor mRNA levels were not altered, the ability of cellular RNA isolated from alpha T-3-1 cells to direct the synthesis of functional GnRH receptors was regulated in concert with receptor binding. To investigate the possibility that GnRH receptor mRNA translational efficiency was reduced, the distribution of polyribosome-associated GnRH receptor mRNA was studied. polyribosome-associated mRNA was separated by linear sucrose gradient, and GnRH receptor mRNA distribution was determined by ribonuclease protection assay. GnRH receptor mRNA distribution shifted from the largest to smaller polyribosome and monosome fractions in cells exposed to GnRH compared to controls. The weighted mean of GnRH receptor mRNA distribution among eight fractions shifted from fraction 5.924 +/- 0.06 in control polysomes to fraction 5.45 +/- 0.219 for polysomes from down-regulated cells (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that GnRH receptor down-regulation is accompanied by decreased GnRH receptor mRNA translation in the absence of any change in GnRH receptor mRNA levels. These data suggest that decreased efficiency of GnRH receptor mRNA translation contributes to the down-regulation of this receptor in alpha T-3-1 cells. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,FISHBERG RES CTR NEUROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAR PY 1995 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.1210/en.136.3.1128 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QJ179 UT WOS:A1995QJ17900040 PM 7867566 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, M AF RUSSELL, M TI ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY GREAT DILEMMA SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP RUSSELL, M (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,JOINT INST ENERGY & ENVIRONM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD MAR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QP509 UT WOS:A1995QP50900007 ER PT J AU ESKENAZI, B KIMMEL, G AF ESKENAZI, B KIMMEL, G TI WORKSHOP ON PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS .2. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE DIOXIN; TCDD; PCBS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTION; PREGNANCY; AROCLOR; FERTILITY ID CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISONS AB This summary report focuses on current studies on reproductive effects reported al the workshop on Perinatal Exposure to Dioxin-like Compounds and supporting data noted in the discussion. Recent laboratory studies have suggested that altered development (e.g., low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation) and reproductive health (e.g., fertility, sex organ development, reproductive behavior) may be among the most sensitive end points when examining the effects of dioxinlike compounds. Thus, future research should target the reproductive health of both males and females exposed postnatally and prenatally. Studies in humans are needed and are ongoing. In animal models, postnatal exposure to dioxin or dioxinlike compounds has been associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and abnormal testicular morphology and size in males and with reduced fertility and endometriosis in females. In utero exposure may also produce profound reproductive consequences in both males and females including delays in sexual maturation, abnormalities in development of sexual organs, and abnormal sexual behavior. The mechanism by which dixoin-like compounds cause reproductive effects is not well delineated. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ESKENAZI, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,312 EARL WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.2307/3432460 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QW127 UT WOS:A1995QW12700018 PM 7614936 ER PT J AU BIRNBAUM, LS AF BIRNBAUM, LS TI WORKSHOP ON PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS .5. IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE TCDD; PCBS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; THYMIC ATROPHY; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS ID PRIMATE CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; HUMORAL IMMUNOTOXICITY; MICE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARAMETERS AB The immune system comprises a highly integrated network of multiple tissues and cell types with complicated interactions and effects. it is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems and there is growing realization of its multifunctionality. The session focusing on immunologic effects of dioxin and related compounds following prenatal exposure involved a review of the immunotoxic effects that have been reported for polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), a discussion of species differences in responses, and development of the immune system, and data from two ongoing epidemiological studies comparing the immune status of children exposed to higher-than-average concentrations of PHAHs both prenatally and lactationally. RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.2307/3432463 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QW127 UT WOS:A1995QW12700021 PM 7614940 ER PT J AU HOOPER, K CLARK, GC AF HOOPER, K CLARK, GC TI WORKSHOP ON PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS .6. ROLE OF BIOMARKERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE PCB; PCDD; PCDF; PERINATAL; TRANSPLACENTAL; LACTATIONAL; BIOMARKER; MECHANISM; REPRODUCTION; ENDOCRINOLOGY; NEUROBEHAVIOR; IMMUNOLOGY ID PRIMATE CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PCBS; CHILDREN; PHOSPHORYLATION; CONTAMINANTS AB Studies of perinatal exposures to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), coplanar polycyclic halogenated aromatics whose prototype is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), have employed a variety of outcome measures to investigate effects on the reproductive/developmental, endocrine, immune, and neurobehavioral systems. The effects include infertility, growth retardation, fetal loss, changed sexual differentiation, reduced cognitive/motor function, dermatologic and other ectodermal effects, and decreased immune response. Significant biomarkers have included sperm count; CD4/CD8 ratio; and levels of testosterone, T4, and dopamine. Using specific dioxin or PCB congeners, these and other markers were used to investigate the mechanisms of the observed effects. The DLCs, which include some PCB congeners, are characterized by high-affinity binding to the Ah receptor; most biological effects are thought to be mediated by the ligand-Ah receptor complex. Other PCB congeners have low affinity for the Ah receptor, and operate by non-Ah receptor mechanisms. The biologic activity of a PCB mixture is the sum of the agonist and antagonist activities of the different constituents in the mixture. Animal studies with specific PCB congeners can help to clarify these activities. With similar approaches, biologic markers of effect can be developed and applied in epidemiologic studies to monitor for, and predict, adverse effects in humans. C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP HOOPER, K (reprint author), CAL ENV PROTECT AGCY,HAZARDOUS MAT LAB 1,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94707, USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.2307/3432464 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QW127 UT WOS:A1995QW12700022 PM 7614941 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, JW LARSEN, CP MCDONALD, ME NIEMI, GJ ANKLEY, GT AF NICHOLS, JW LARSEN, CP MCDONALD, ME NIEMI, GJ ANKLEY, GT TI BIOENERGETICS-BASED MODEL FOR ACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS BY NESTLING TREE SWALLOWS, TACHYCINETA BICOLOR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICK-EDEMA DISEASE; GREAT-LAKES; GREEN-BAY; HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; SAVANNAH SPARROWS; CINCLUS-CINCLUS; ENERGETICS; GROWTH; ORGANOCHLORINE; BIRDS AB A bioenergetics-based model was developed to simulate the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls by nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). The model was largely parameterized using published information for passerine birds and accurately describes the observed growth of nestling swallows. The model was evaluated by comparing predicted concentrations of selected congeners with those measured in 15 d-old nestlings collected from two sites within the Saginaw River watershed. Residue concentrations in nestlings were calculated as the sum of compound inherited in the egg and that assimilated from the diet, consisting principally of emergent aquatic insects. Model predictions were in good agreement with those measured in nestlings collected from a relatively uncontaminated site but consistently over-estimated concentrations in birds from an area of known sediment contamination. The cause of this discrepancy is unknown, but did not appear to be related to metabolic biotransformation of individual congeners. Instead, it is suggested that dietary composition may have varied between sites. Alternatively, food consumption by nestling birds may have been overestimated. The results of this study indicate that caution must be used when interpreting residue information from nestling swallows, which have been proposed for use as sentinels of local sediment contamination. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. RP NICHOLS, JW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 73 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1021/es00003a007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QJ908 UT WOS:A1995QJ90800022 PM 22200268 ER PT J AU EIGHMY, TT EUSDEN, JD KRZANOWSKI, JE DOMINGO, DS STAMPFLI, D MARTIN, JR ERICKSON, PM AF EIGHMY, TT EUSDEN, JD KRZANOWSKI, JE DOMINGO, DS STAMPFLI, D MARTIN, JR ERICKSON, PM TI COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ELEMENT SPECIATION AND LEACHING BEHAVIOR IN MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE INCINERATION ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR ASH SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH; PARTICLE-SIZE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB A comprehensive approach was used to characterize speciation and leaching behavior of major, minor, and trace elements in electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash from a Canadian MSW incinerator. Neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy/X-ray microanalysis (SEM/XRM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to quantify elements, describe particles and phase associations, identify bulk and surface mineral phases, and identify the speciation of elements. SEM/XRM showed a complex polycrystalline material covering aluminosilicate spheres. XPS, as a surface technique, provided information on speciation at the particle surface where leaching first occurs. SIMS showed molecular fragments indicative of speciation and enrichment of volatile species (K, Zn, Cl, S, Pb) in the fine polycrystalline material. Many of these phases readily dissolve during leaching. Dissolution behavior and pH-dependent leaching could be modeled with the geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. The ability to model leaching behavior provides an opportunity to examine possible disposal or treatment behavior. C1 BATES COLL, DEPT GEOL, LEWISTON, ME 04240 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT MECH ENGN, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. MIT, CTR MAT SCI & ENGN, ANALYT SHARED EXPTL FACIL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. US EPA, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. RP EIGHMY, TT (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, ENVIRONM RES GRP, A115 KINGSBURY HALL, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. OI Eighmy, T. Taylor/0000-0002-3133-296X NR 49 TC 180 Z9 204 U1 10 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 629 EP 646 DI 10.1021/es00003a010 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QJ908 UT WOS:A1995QJ90800025 PM 22200271 ER PT J AU HOKE, RA KOSIAN, PA ANKLEY, GT COTTER, AM VANDERMEIDEN, FM PHIPPS, GL DURHAN, EJ AF HOKE, RA KOSIAN, PA ANKLEY, GT COTTER, AM VANDERMEIDEN, FM PHIPPS, GL DURHAN, EJ TI CHECK STUDIES WITH HYALELLA-AZTECA AND CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS IN SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERION FOR DIELDRIN SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; DIELDRIN; INVERTEBRATE; ACUTE TOXICITY; PARTITIONING ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; POLLUTANTS; MATTER; BIOAVAILABILITY; HYDROCARBONS; REDUCTION; SORPTION; SYSTEMS; SOILS AB The development of sediment quality criteria (SQCs) for nonpolar compounds using equilibrium partitioning theory (EqP) requires three critical data elements for the compound of interest: (a) a reliable, measured K-ow; (b) an acceptable minimum data set for the development of the final acute and final chronic values necessary to calculate a water-quality criterion (WQC); and (c) ''check'' experiments with appropriate freshwater and marine benthic organisms to ensure that their responses in spiked-sediment tests are in agreement with responses predicted based on EqP. This study presents the results of dieldrin check experiments with two freshwater species: the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the chironomid Chironomus tentans. Ten-day, flow-through, water-only dieldrin LC50 values for the amphipod and chironomid were 7.6 and 1.1 mu g/L, respectively. The LC50 values for the two species based on organic carbon-normalized sediment concentrations of dieldrin were generally less variable than values based on dieldrin concentrations in sediments on a dry-weight basis. Ten-day LC50 values for H. azteca and C. tentans based on measured pore-water concentrations of dieldrin were greater than those based on EqP-predicted pore-water concentrations of dieldrin. An increase in the apparent water solubility of dieldrin as a result of binding to dissolved organic carbon appeared to account for this phenomenon. Ten-day LC50 values for H. azteca and C. tentans based on EqP-predicted pore-water concentrations of dieldrin were within a factor of 25 and 3 of their respective 10-d, water-only dieldrin LC50 values. Avoidance of the dieldrin-spiked sediments may offer a partial explanation for the concentration-response results observed with H. azteca and the greater difference observed for this species between water-only and predicted pore-water 10-d LC50 values for dieldrin. Inhibition of growth in C. tentans was also a sensitive end point with effects observed at pore-water 10-d LC50 values for dieldrin. Inhibition of growth in C. tentans was also a sensitive end point with effects observed at pore-water concentrations of dieldrin as small as 5.5 mu g/g organic carbon. Based on these results, it appears that EqP based upon sediment organic carbon content is an appropriate model for converting WQC for dieldrin to SQC. These results also highlight the importance of using multiple benthic test species (including at least one infaunal species), end points, and sediments in SQC sediment-spiking check studies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN SUPERIOR,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP HOKE, RA (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,411 HACKENSACK AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[435:CSWHAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900013 ER PT J AU KOSIAN, PA HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT VANDERMEIDEN, FM AF KOSIAN, PA HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT VANDERMEIDEN, FM TI DETERMINATION OF DIELDRIN BINDING TO DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATERIAL IN SEDIMENT PORE-WATER USING A REVERSE-PHASE SEPARATION TECHNIQUE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIELDRIN; DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; SEDIMENT; PORE WATER; PARTITIONING ID HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL SOLIDS; CONTAMINANTS; CARBON; BIOAVAILABILITY; POLYMERS; SORPTION AB The objective of our study was to examine the partitioning of dieldrin in sediment interstitial (pore) water. Clean sediments obtained from three northeastern Minnesota lakes, Airport Pond (AP), Pequaywan (PQ) Lake, and West Bearskin (WB) Lake, were spiked with dieldrin at five different concentrations. Pore water was isolated by centrifugation, and a reverse-phase C-18 column technique was used to separate freely dissolved dieldrin from dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-bound dieldrin. Results showed DOC-bound dieldrin was generally >30% when pore-water DOC concentrations were >20 mg/L. Pore-water DOC partition coefficients (K-DOC) were determined for AP, PQ Lake, and WB Lake using the ratio of the DOC-bound chemical concentration (normalized to DOC) to the freely dissolved chemical concentration. The individual partition coefficients wee compared by one-way analysis of variance. Statistical analysis revealed that K-DOC values were not significantly different. This suggests that under our experimental procedures, K-DOC values are not significantly different among pore waters obtained from the three northeastern Minnesota lake sediments. A pooled K-DOC was was calculated using least-squares regression and compared to the mean of all individual K-DOC values. The K-DOC is best represented for this region by a pooled log(10) K-DOC value of 4.43. Our observed K-DOC was compared to K-DOC values predicted from published KDOC and Kow (octanol/water partition coefficient) relationships. Our observed value was in close agreement with predicted values. C1 ASCI CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22101. RP KOSIAN, PA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,INTEGRATED SYST LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[445:DODBTD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900014 ER PT J AU HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT PETERS, JF AF HOKE, RA ANKLEY, GT PETERS, JF TI USE OF A FRESH-WATER SEDIMENT QUALITY DATABASE IN AN EVALUATION OF SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA-BASED ON EQUILIBRIUM PARTITIONING AND SCREENING-LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; CRITERIA; DATABASE; MACROINVERTEBRATE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB A sediment quality database was developed for sediments from the Great Lakes and surrounding watersheds. Database file structure was based on commercially available database-management software and is relational in nature. Database inputs include sample identification information, whole-sediment and pore-water chemical data, benthic macroinvertebrate species abundances, toxicity test results, and, when available, organism-specific chemical residue data. The database functions as both a laboratory data archival system and as a source of information on the fate and effects of contaminants in freshwater sediments. Database information was used to evaluate two alternative methods for developing sediment quality criteria for dieldrin, endrin, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene. Sediment quality criteria developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency based on equilibrium partitioning theory were compared to sediment quality criteria or guidelines based on screening-level concentrations calculated by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and from the database developed in this study. data from the sediment quality database were also used to determine the frequency with which sediment quality criteria were exceeded in recently (<20 years) collected sediment samples. Excesses beyond the proposed equilibrium partitioning-derived sediment quality criteria were observed in less than 10% of the samples in the database for which chemical concentrations of dieldrin, endrin, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene were available. Based on the results of this study, sediment quality criteria bases on equilibrium partitioning theory and final chronic water-quality criteria are consistent with sediment quality criteria based on screening-level concentrations determined from field samples. C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN. COMP SCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP HOKE, RA (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,411 HACKENSACK AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[451:UOAFSQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900015 ER PT J AU NELSON, WG BERGEN, BJ COBB, DJ AF NELSON, WG BERGEN, BJ COBB, DJ TI COMPARISON OF PCB AND TRACE-METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS-EDULIS, AND THE RIBBED MUSSEL, MODIOLUS-DEMISSUS, IN NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOACCUMULATION; MYTILUS EDULIS; MODIOLUS DEMISSUS; PCBS; METALS ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CADMIUM; WATER; WATCH; DEPURATION; POLLUTION; CONGENERS; BAY AB The accumulation of PCBs and trace metals was compared at 14-d intervals between two filter-feeding bivales, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and the ribbed mussel, Modiolus demissus, after deployment in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, for up to 56 d. Contaminant uptake in deployed organisms also was compared with indigenous ribbed mussels. Significant mortality (> 80%) occurred in blue mussels after 28 d, when water temperatures exceeded 25 degrees C. Therefore, tissue-residue comparisons between species are presented only up to day 28, while those between deployed and indigenous ribbed mussels continue to day 56. Results indicated that total PCB tissue residues and cogener distributions were not statistically different (p > 0.05) in the two mussel species on day 28. Total PCB concentrations in both deployed mussel species reached approximately 30 mu g g(-1) dry weight by day 28. Additionally, total PCB concentrations and congener distributions in the deployed ribbed mussels were not statistically different from the indigenous ribbed mussels on day 28, demonstrating that steady state was attained within 28 d. With respect to metal uptake, no signal accumulation pattern occurred for the eight metals quantified. After 28 d, lead, cadmium, and iron concentrations in deployed blue and ribbed mussels were statistically similar. However, nickel and zinc accumulations were significantly greater in the blue mussels, and copper, chromium, and manganese were accumulated to significantly higher concentrations in the ribbed mussels. The comparison between the ribbed mussels indicated that cadmium and lead concentrations were significantly higher in indigenous than in deployed mussels after 28 d. C1 US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NE LAB,WATERVILLE,ME 04903. RP NELSON, WG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[513:COPATM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900021 ER PT J AU BOYNTON, WR GARBER, JH SUMMERS, R KEMP, WM AF BOYNTON, WR GARBER, JH SUMMERS, R KEMP, WM TI INPUTS, TRANSFORMATIONS, AND TRANSPORT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY AND SELECTED TRIBUTARIES SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE; DENITRIFICATION; EUTROPHICATION; BUDGET; PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENTS; MARYLAND AB In this paper we assemble and analyze quantitative annual input-export budgets for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for Chesapeake Bay and three of its tributary estuaries (Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers). The budgets include estimates of TN and TP sources (point, diffuse, and atmospheric), internal losses (burial in sediments, fisheries yields, and denitrification), storages in the water column and sediments, internal cycling rates (zooplankton excretion and net sediment-water flux), and net downstream exchange. Annual terrestrial and atmospheric inputs (average of 1985 and 1986 data) of TN and TP ranged from 4.3 g TN m(-2) yr(-1) to 29.3 g TN m(-2) yr(-1) and 0.32 g TP m(-2) yr(-1) to 2.42 g TP m-P yr(-1), respectively. These rates of TN and TP input represent 6-fold to and fold and 13-fold to 24-fold increases in loads to these systems since the precolonial period. A recent 11-yr record for the Susquehanna River indicates that annual loads of TN and TP have varied by about 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively. TN inputs increased and TP inputs decreased during the ll-yr period. The relative importance of nutrient sources varied among these estuaries: point sources of nutrients delivered about half the annual TN and TP load to the Patuxent and nearly 60% of TP inputs to the Choptank; diffuse sources contributed 60-70% of the TN and TP inputs to the mainstream Chesapeake and Potomac River. The direct deposition of atmospheric wet-fall to the surface waters of these estuaries represented 12% or less of annual TN and TP loads except in the Choptank River (37% of TN and 20% of TP). We found direct; although damped, relationships between annual rates of nutrient input, water-column and sediment nutrient stocks, and nutrient losses via burial in sediments and denitrification. Our budgets indicate that the annual mass balance of TN and TP is maintained by a net landward exchange of TP and, with one exception (Choptank River), a net seaward transport of TN. The budgets for all systems revealed that inorganic nutrients entering these estuaries from terrestrial and atmospheric sources are rapidly converted to particulate and organic forms. Discrepancies between our budgets and others in the literature were resolved by the inclusion of sediments derived from shoreline erosion. The greatest potential for errors in our budgets can be attributed to the absence of or uncertainties in estimates of atmospheric dry-fall, contributions of nutrients via groundwater, and the sedimentation rates used to calculate nutrient burial rates. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. CHESAPEAKE BAY SPECIAL PROJECTS,MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. UNIV MARYLAND SYST,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613. RP BOYNTON, WR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND SYST,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,BOX 38,SOLOMONS,MD 20688, USA. RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 NR 96 TC 347 Z9 354 U1 10 U2 101 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1B BP 285 EP 314 DI 10.2307/1352640 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD900 UT WOS:A1995RD90000011 ER PT J AU LIPNICK, RL COTRUVO, JA HILL, RN BRUCE, RD STITZEL, KA WALKER, AP CHU, I GODDARD, M SEGAL, L SPRINGER, JA MYERS, RC AF LIPNICK, RL COTRUVO, JA HILL, RN BRUCE, RD STITZEL, KA WALKER, AP CHU, I GODDARD, M SEGAL, L SPRINGER, JA MYERS, RC TI COMPARISON OF THE UP-AND-DOWN, CONVENTIONAL LD(50), AND FIXED-DOSE ACUTE TOXICITY PROCEDURES SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LD50 TEST; VALIDATION; ANIMALS; NUMBER AB The up-and-down procedure (UDP), fixed-dose procedure (FDP) and conventional LD(50) tests were compared to determine their consistency in chemical hazard classification for acute oral toxicity according to the European Economic Community (EEC) system. There was consistent classification for 23 out of 25 cases between the UDP and the conventional LD(50) results, in 16 out of 20 cases between the FDP and the conventional LD(50), and in seven out of 10 cases between the UDP and the FDP. The UDP needed only between six and 10 animals of one sex (fewer than either the LD(50) or the FDP). Available literature indicates that the sexes are usually similar in their acute toxicity responses and that of females are often more sensitive than males when acute toxicity differences do exist, thus obviating the need for both sexes to be tested in most cases. Unlike the FDP, the UDP also estimates an LD(50), thus providing data directly applicable to all current hazard classification systems based on acute oral toxicity. C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. HLTH & WELF CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNION CARBIDE CORP,BUSHY RUN RES CTR,EXPORT,PA 15632. RP LIPNICK, RL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(94)00136-C PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA QQ765 UT WOS:A1995QQ76500008 PM 7896233 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, BL GUINNUP, DE ANDREWS, JE ALLIS, JW MCDONALD, A SEELY, JC MOHIN, TJ SIMMONS, JE AF ROBINSON, BL GUINNUP, DE ANDREWS, JE ALLIS, JW MCDONALD, A SEELY, JC MOHIN, TJ SIMMONS, JE TI HEPATIC AND RENAL ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO INHALED EPICHLOROHYDRIN - TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND EXPOSURE MODELING SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CAFFEINE; DISULFIDE; TOXICITY; MICE AB To examine the hepatic and renal effects of acute exposure to inhaled epichlorohydrin (ECH), male F344 rats were exposed either to 0 or 100 ppm ECH by inhalation for 4 h. Hepatic and renal toxicity were assessed at the termination of exposure and on days 1, 2, and 3 postexposure. Exposure to inhaled ECH caused no histopathological evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity and had no effect on serum indicators of hepatic toxicity, or hepatic cytochrome P-450 and glutathione concentrations. Exposure to inhaled ECH resulted in an increase in relative kidney weight in rats that were either 65 +/- 2 days old or 73 +/- 2 days old on the day of inhalation exposure (young adult rats) but not in rats that were 96 +/- 2 days old on the day of inhalation exposure (adult rats), and a decrease in absolute and relative liver weight in adult rats but not young adult rats. Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/CREAT) was decreased in young adult rats on day 0, and BUN was slightly increased in adult rats on days 1, 2 and 3. These observations indicate that acute exposure to 100 ppm ECH did not produce consistent alterations in indicators of hepatic and renal toxicity. Ambient impact assessment modeling (AIAM), a methodology for estimation of exposure over short time periods and comparison of these predicted ambient concentration levels to short-term toxicological threshold values, was conducted for three typical industrial sources of ECH pollution. The results of these analyses illustrated the interdependence of toxicological evaluation and exposure modeling in short-term noncancer risk assessment and demonstrated the usefulness of AIAM in prioritizing chemicals for additional toxicological evaluation. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.3109/08958379509029099 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QR948 UT WOS:A1995QR94800009 ER PT J AU KEIL, DE LUEBKE, RW PRUETT, SB AF KEIL, DE LUEBKE, RW PRUETT, SB TI DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE ON MACROPHAGE NITRITE PRODUCTION - DEPENDENCE ON EXPOSURE REGIMEN (IN-VIVO OR IN-VITRO) AND ACTIVATION STIMULI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEXAMETHASONE; MACROPHAGE; REACTIVE NITROGEN INTERMEDIATES; NITRITE ID OXIDE SYNTHASE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; EXPRESSION; IMMUNOREGULATION; INHIBITION AB Exposure to glucocorticoids in vitro is known to suppress the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) by macrophages, and it has been suggested that this contributes to the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids in vivo. However, the effects of glucocorticoid administration in vivo on subsequent RNI production as measured in vitro are not known. In the present study, dexamethasone was administered in vivo and was also used to treat macrophages in vitro prior to, and during, stimulation of nitrite production by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Macrophages were isolated 24 h after daily administration of dexamethasone (0.1-30 mg/kg/day) to female B6C3F1 mice for 3, 6, or 16 days. In most cases, these cells produced an equal or greater concentration of nitrite in response to IFN-gamma, LPS, or IFN-gamma plus LPS, than cells from vehicle control mice. In contrast, continuous exposure of macrophages to dexamethasone during stimulation in vitro caused dose-dependent inhibition of nitrite production. However, the inhibition was much less pronounced when LPS or IFN-gamma together were used to stimulate the macrophages than when either was used separately. Similar results were noted when macrophages were exposed to dexamethasone for 24 or 72 h in vitro followed by a 0-24 h recovery period after removal of dexamethasone. Thus, immunosuppressive doses of dexamethasone in vivo do not decrease the induction of nitrite production 24 h after the last dose, whereas significant decreases are noted 24 h after termination of dexamethasone exposure in vitro. The basis for this difference is not clear, but there was no indication that administration of dexamethasone in vivo selects for a ''glucocorticoid resistant'' population of macrophages. These observations have implications with regard to the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action in vivo. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KEIL, DE (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0192-0561 J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0192-0561(95)00008-P PG 10 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QX700 UT WOS:A1995QX70000001 PM 7558509 ER PT J AU HARTIG, JH LAW, NL EPSTEIN, D FULLER, K LETTERHOS, J KRANTZBERG, G AF HARTIG, JH LAW, NL EPSTEIN, D FULLER, K LETTERHOS, J KRANTZBERG, G TI CAPACITY-BUILDING FOR RESTORING DEGRADED AREAS IN THE GREAT-LAKES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; CAPACITY-BUILDING; HUMAN ELEMENTS; TOOLS; MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS AB The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development identified capacity-building in Agenda 21 as one of the essential means to implement sustainable development. Capacity-building means an enhanced ability of a country or local region to identify and reach agreement on problems, develop policies and programmes to address them, and mobilize appropriate resources to fulfill the policies and programmes. One practical example of capacity-building in developed countries is the development and implementation of comprehensive remedial action plans (RAPs) to restore beneficial uses in 43 degraded areas of the Great Lakes, USA. RAPs employ a combination of: human elements and strategies (e.g. empowerment, long-term vision/mission driven, shared decision-making); tools and techniques (e.g. pollution prevention, habitat rehabilitation, remediation of contaminated sediments and hazardous waste sites); and management support systems (e.g. ecosystem performance measures, geographical information systems, information sharing) to build, organize and sustain capacities for the changes and transformations required to solve society's environmental problems. Taken together, these RAP elements contribute to the development of the human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional and resource capabilities necessary to respond to the long-term challenge of ecosystem restoration in degraded areas of the Great Lakes, consistent with Agenda 21. C1 ENVIRONM CANADA,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. US EPA,CHICAGO,IL. OHIO ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,COLUMBUS,OH. ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM & ENERGY,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. RP HARTIG, JH (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT CLIN & ENVIRONM ENGN,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. RI krantzberg, gail/A-5404-2008 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND LA6 2LA SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1080/13504509509469885 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ033 UT WOS:A1995RJ03300001 ER PT J AU LAY, T APPEL, CJ BRYCK, J CROMWELL, J LEIBY, VM REGNIER, JE ROMMELMANN, DW SHANAGHAN, PE AF LAY, T APPEL, CJ BRYCK, J CROMWELL, J LEIBY, VM REGNIER, JE ROMMELMANN, DW SHANAGHAN, PE TI IMPROVING SMALL WATER-SYSTEM VIABILITY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 AWWA,SMALL SYST PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80304. US GEN ACCOUNTING OFF,BOSTON,MA 02222. DAYTON & KNIGHT LTD CONSULTING ENGINEERS,W VANCOUVER,BC V7V 3N9,CANADA. APOGEE RES INC,BETHESDA,MD 20814. ASSOC STATE DRINKING WATER ADMINISTRATORS,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. ALABAMA RURAL WATER ASSOC,MONTGOMERY,AL 36105. BOYLE ENGN CORP,CHARLOTTE,NC 28262. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 25 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QM063 UT WOS:A1995QM06300003 ER PT J AU TOUMA, JS COX, WM THISTLE, H ZAPERT, JG AF TOUMA, JS COX, WM THISTLE, H ZAPERT, JG TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DENSE GAS DISPERSION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Specialty Conference on the Role of Meteorology in Managing the Environment in the 90s CY JAN, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER METEOROL SOC AB This paper summarizes the results of a study to evaluate the performance of seven dense gas dispersion models using data from three held experiments. Two models (DEGADIS and SLAB) are in the public domain and the other five (AIRTOX, CHARM, FOCUS, SAFEMODE, and TRACE) are proprietary. The field data used are the Desert Tortoise pressurized ammonia releases, Burro liquefied natural gas spill tests, and the Goldfish anhydrous hydrofluoric acid spill experiments. Desert Tortoise and Goldfish releases were simulated as horizontal jet releases, and Burro as a liquid pool. Performance statistics were used to compare maximum observed concentrations and plume half-width to those predicted by each model. Model performance varied and no model exhibited consistently good performance across all three databases. However, when combined across the three databases, all models performed within a factor of 2. Problems encountered are discussed in order to help future investigators. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,MISSOULA,MT. TRC ENVIRONM CORP,AUSTIN,MN. RP TOUMA, JS (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 603 EP 615 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0603:PEODGD>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK452 UT WOS:A1995QK45200003 ER PT J AU CHU, SH COX, WM AF CHU, SH COX, WM TI EFFECTS OF EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS ON OZONE PREDICTIONS BY THE REGIONAL OXIDANT MODEL DURING THE JULY 1988 EPISODE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Specialty Conference on the Role of Meteorology in Managing the Environment in the 90s CY JAN, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER METEOROL SOC AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Oxidant Model, ROM2.2, was applied to a 2-10 July 1988 episode to test the regional episodic ozone response to different combinations of the across-the-board nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) reductions in the eastern half of the United States. Geographical variations on the regional ozone responses to the across-the-board NOx and VOC reductions are investigated. Biogenic influences are also discussed. Subject to the limitation imposed by current input and model accuracy, the ROM results suggest that reduction of NOx emissions is a key factor in reducing regional ozone. The primary benefit of VOC reductions appears to be in reducing ozone peak values near NOx-source-intensive areas, such as large urban centers and/or large NOx point sources. In these NOx-source-intensive areas, a strategy featuring a combination of both NOx and VOC reductions appears to be most effective in reducing the regional ozone. Biogenic VOC emissions play an important role because of their high reactivities and large spatial coverage. RP CHU, SH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,DIV TECH SUPPORT,MD-14,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0679:EOEROO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK452 UT WOS:A1995QK45200008 ER PT J AU TOUMA, JS IRWIN, JS TIKVART, JA COULTER, CT AF TOUMA, JS IRWIN, JS TIKVART, JA COULTER, CT TI A REVIEW OF PROCEDURES FOR UPDATING AIR-QUALITY MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR REGULATORY PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Specialty Conference on the Role of Meteorology in Managing the Environment in the 90s CY JAN, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER METEOROL SOC ID DISPERSION MODEL; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; CTDMPLUS AB Air quality models are a key component in determining pollution control requirements. To ensure that the best techniques are used, modeling guidance must be flexible and include better techniques as they become available. Revisions to modeling guidance require an assessment of the scientific basis, a model performance evaluation using observed data, sensitivity analysis for impact on design concentrations and data input requirements, and public review and comment before formal adoption in regulatory programs. The procedures used in reviewing new techniques are examined in this paper, and past actions are discussed. The appropriateness of adopting a new method for modeling area sources characterized by low-level releases with little buoyancy is provided as an example of the revision review process. While this process is lengthy, it ensures that decisions on potentially costly pollution controls are based on full public participation and sound scientific developments. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP TOUMA, JS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,MD-14,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0731:AROPFU>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK452 UT WOS:A1995QK45200011 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP WIESTER, MJ HIGHFILL, JW AF WATKINSON, WP WIESTER, MJ HIGHFILL, JW TI OZONE TOXICITY IN THE RAT .1. EFFECT OF CHANGES IN AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE ON EXTRAPULMONARY PHYSIOLOGICAL-PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOXICOLOGY; TELEMETRY; HEART RATE; CORE BODY TEMPERATURE; ACTIVITY; BODY WEIGHT; THERMOREGULATION; HYPOTHERMIA ID HEART-RATE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ACUTE EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; EXERCISE; PATTERN AB These studies examined the effects of exposure to near environmental levels of ozone (O-8) on the unanesthetized unrestrained rat as well as the influence of changes in ambient temperature (T-a) on the observed responses. Male Fischer 344 rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters that permitted continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram, heart rate, core body temperature (T-co), and activity. Telemetry animals (n = 4-5/group) were combined with nontelemetry animals to produce nine treatment groups (n = 44-50/group) composed of combinations of one of three O-3 exposure regimens (0.0 ppm x 24 h/day, 0.5 ppm x 6 h/day, or 0.5 ppm x 23 h/day) paired with one of three T-a levels (10, 22, or 34 degrees C). The experimental protocol consisted of a Control Period (filtered air; 1 day), Treatment Period (O-3; 5 days), and Recovery Period (filtered air; 7 days). At specific intervals during the experiment, subgroups (n = 6) of nontelemetry animals were randomly selected from each treatment group, anesthetized with urethan, and intubated, and their lungs were lavaged with warm saline. In general, results from the bronchoalveolar lavage procedure indicated that toxicity increased in magnitude and duration as the length of time of O-3 exposure increased and the T-a decreased. Similarly, whereas minimal extrapulmonary effects were observed at an T-a of 34 degrees C, O-3 exposures at T-a levels of 22 and 10 degrees C produced significant decreases in heart rate (160 and 210 beats/min, respectively), T-co (2.0 and 3.5 degrees C, respectively), and body weight (15 and 40 g, respectively). Decreases in these functional parameters reached their maxima over the first 2 exposure days and returned to control levels after the 3rd day of exposure. These data demonstrate the profound impact of T-a on T-co and other extrapulmonary parameters in the conscious unrestrained rat exposed to O-3 Furthermore, these results suggest an integral role for both T-co and T-a in determination of the uptake of inhaled pollutants and modulation of the subsequent toxic effects and may have important implications with respect to the assessment of toxic risk. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,BIOSTAT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WATKINSON, WP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 1108 EP 1120 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA QP826 UT WOS:A1995QP82600047 PM 7775305 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Johnson, MG Phillips, DL Storm, MJ AF Tingey, DT Johnson, MG Phillips, DL Storm, MJ TI Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on ponderosa pine fine roots and associated fungal components SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Science Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1994 CL WOODS HOLE, MA DE CO2; nitrogen; ponderosa pine; fine roots; mycorrhizae; root turnover; minirhizotron ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUERCUS-ALBA; SEEDLINGS; MYCORRHIZAL; FORESTS; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB The effects of CO2 and nitrogen treatments on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. & C. Laws.) fine roots and associated fungal structures were monitored for a year (October 1992 to October 1993) using a minirhizotron camera system. The trees were grown in native soil in open-top field-exposure chambers at PlacerviUe, CA and exposed to ambient (similar to 350 mu mol mol(-1)) air or ambient air plus either 175 or 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 and three levels of nitrogen addition (0, 100 and 200 kg ha(-1)); however, the 100 kg ha(-1) N treatment at ambient plus 175 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatment was omitted from the experimental design. Roots were classified as new, white, brown, decaying or missing and their lengths and diameters measured. The occurrence of mycorrhizae and fungal hyphae was also recorded. The majority (>90%) of roots observed were smaller than 2 mm and the mean diameter decreased during the study. None of the root parameters measured showed a significant response to elevated CO2. The elevated CO2 treatments consistently showed an increase in root area density averaging 50% larger compared to ambient CO2, but this response was not statistically significant due to the high spatial variability of root distribution. Only new root area density showed a significant nitrogen response. The most new roots were initiated between April and June and the highest level of root loss occurred between June and August. The occurrence of mycorrhizae and fungal hyphae increased in response to CO2 treatment but not the nitrogen. Their highest levels of occurrence were during August and October 93. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR-MAY PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.2307/2845922 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA TR055 UT WOS:A1995TR05500016 ER PT J AU Bugmann, HKM Solomon, AM AF Bugmann, HKM Solomon, AM TI The use of a European forest model in North America: A study of ecosystem response to climate gradients SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Science Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1994 CL WOODS HOLE, MA DE gap model; forest ecology; ecosystems analysis; global change ID SUCCESSION AB The forest gap model FORCLIM that originally was developed for central European conditions is applied to simulate the species composition of near-natural forests in eastern North America along a latitudinal transect from 60 to 30 degrees N, covering the transition from the tundra to the boreal and deciduous forests. The results show that FORCLIM provides plausible species compositions along this gradient; most of the divergences concern species that are of minor abundance. In the central part of the gradient, the simulated species composition is considerably more realistic than the one obtained in an earlier study with a model developed for these conditions. However, in the boreal forest the behaviour of some light-demanding species is anomalous. Along drought gradients in the south western part of the gradient, FORCLIM misrepresents the influence of increased drought on forest structure, thus pointing to further research needs. The results are discussed within the context of model verification, the applicability of FORCLIM to study climatic change issues and the evolution of different tree species on the two continents. Prospects are outlined for developing a forest gap model that is applicable over a wide range of environmental conditions across several continents, thus contributing to the development of dynamic global vegetation models. C1 SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST TERR ECOL,CH-8952 SCHLIEREN,SWITZERLAND. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RI Bugmann, Harald/A-1252-2008; OI Bugmann, Harald/0000-0003-4233-0094 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR-MAY PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.2307/2845944 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA TR055 UT WOS:A1995TR05500038 ER PT J AU BLOCH, DE AF BLOCH, DE TI REVIEW OF PHYSPROP DATABASE (VERSION-1.0) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Software Review RP BLOCH, DE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV INFORMAT MANAGEMENT 7407,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1021/ci00024a602 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA QP330 UT WOS:A1995QP33000025 ER PT J AU SAOUTER, E GILLMAN, M BARKAY, T AF SAOUTER, E GILLMAN, M BARKAY, T TI AN EVALUATION OF MER-SPECIFIED REDUCTION OF IONIC MERCURY AS A REMEDIAL TOOL OF A MERCURY-CONTAMINATED FRESH-WATER POND SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MERCURY CONTAMINATION; MERCURIC REDUCTASE; MICROCOSMS; REMEDIATION ID ORGANOMERCURIAL; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; COLUMN; METALS; HG(II); RATES AB The potential for mer-mediated reduction/volatilization of ionic mercury as a tool in the decontamination of a freshwater pond was evaluated using laboratory incubations and a microcosm simulation. In flask assays inoculations with ionic mercury-resistant bacteria (10(5)-10(7) cells ml(-1)) isolated from the pond, significantly increased the rate of mercury loss (MANOVA, P less than or equal to 0.05) relative to uninoculated controls. The effects of cell density, mercuric mercury concentration, addition of nutrients and supplementation with the sulfhydryl reagent beta-mercaptoethanol on the rate of mercury loss, were investigated. Inoculation (by 10(5) cells ml(-1)) of a flow-through microcosm that simulated the cycling of mercury in the contaminated pond, stimulated by more than 4-fold the formation of volatile elemental mercury. Thus, biological formation of volatile mercury may hold a promise as a remedial tool of contaminated natural waters. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF01569949 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RL131 UT WOS:A1995RL13100023 ER PT J AU NOAH, TL HENDERSON, FW WORTMAN, IA DEVLIN, RB HANDY, J KOREN, HS BECKER, S AF NOAH, TL HENDERSON, FW WORTMAN, IA DEVLIN, RB HANDY, J KOREN, HS BECKER, S TI NASAL CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN VIRAL ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY-INFECTION OF CHILDHOOD SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELL CULTURES; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; EXPRESSION; GENE; INTERLEUKIN-8; NEUTROPHIL AB Children in a day care center underwent serial nasal lavages in order to assess nasal cytokine expression during acute upper respiratory infections (URI). Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were markedly elevated in nasal lavage fluid during acute URI compared to baseline, and all except TNF-alpha decreased significantly by 2-4 weeks later. Cytokine patterns in respiratory syncytial virus-positive and-negative illnesses did not differ significantly. A subgroup of children also underwent superficial mucosal biopsy under the inferior nasal turbinate. During acute URI, biopsy cells (90%-95% epithelial) showed increased transcripts for IL-1 beta, IL-8, and IL-6 in 7 of 9 subjects, suggesting that epithelial cells may be one source of cytokines during acute URI. The results show that inflammatory cytokines are elevated in nasal secretions during acute URI in preschool children. Thus, cytokines are likely to participate in regulation of respiratory virus-induced inflammation. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. TRC ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NOAH, TL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-02802] NR 38 TC 193 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 584 EP 592 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500011 PM 7876605 ER PT J AU FATELEY, WG HAMMAKER, RM TUCKER, MD WITKOWSKI, MR CHAFFIN, CT MARSHALL, TL DAVIS, M THOMAS, MJ ARELLO, J HUDSON, JL FAIRLESS, BJ AF FATELEY, WG HAMMAKER, RM TUCKER, MD WITKOWSKI, MR CHAFFIN, CT MARSHALL, TL DAVIS, M THOMAS, MJ ARELLO, J HUDSON, JL FAIRLESS, BJ TI OBSERVING INDUSTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTS BY FT-IR SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXIInd European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy (EUCMOS XXII) - Molecular Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure 1994 CY SEP 11-16, 1994 CL ESSEN, GERMANY ID REMOTE C1 AEROSURVEY INC,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66115. RP FATELEY, WG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 347 BP 153 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0022-2860(95)08543-5 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QM832 UT WOS:A1995QM83200013 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WILLIAMS, RW ALLISON, JC TALLEY, DL HAYES, YO CHANG, JJ AF CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE KOHAN, MJ WILLIAMS, RW ALLISON, JC TALLEY, DL HAYES, YO CHANG, JJ TI POTENTIATION OF 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE GENOTOXICITY IN FISCHER-344 RATS BY PRETREATMENT WITH COAL-TAR CREOSOTE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DNA ADDUCTS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CD-1 MICE; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLISM; INVIVO; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; DINITROTOLUENE; ACTIVATION; EXTRACTION AB Pretreatment of male Fischer 344 rats for 5 wk with coal tar creosote, a coal distillation product that is widely used as a wood preservative, potentiated the excretion of urinary mutagens in 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) treated rats. Creosote increased the bioactivation of DNT to significantly greater levels of urinary genotoxic metabolites and/or formed DNA adducts in the liver. A significant increase in the excretion of mutagenic DNT metabolites was observed after the first week of creosote treatment, peaked at wk 3, and then decreased by 33% after 5 wk of treatment. Nevertheless, there was a significant increase (66%) in the formation of DNT-derived DNA adducts in the livers of rats treated with DNT plus creosote at wk 5. Increased cecal beta-glucuronidase activity and reduced small intestinal nitroreductase activity may play roles in the bioactivation of DNT. The excretion of mutagenic DNT metabolites supplies useful information about the bioactivation of DNT; it does not provide a useful index of DNT-derived hepatic DNA adduct formation. Such interactions could be important to predictive risk assessment because the overall cancer risk of such chemical mixtures may exceed the sum of the component risks. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 3 BP 319 EP 336 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QR491 UT WOS:A1995QR49100003 PM 7897694 ER PT J AU SHELTON, ML DEMARINI, DM AF SHELTON, ML DEMARINI, DM TI MUTAGENICITY AND MUTATION SPECTRA OF 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE AT FRAMESHIFT AND BASE-SUBSTITUTION ALLELES IN 4 DNA-REPAIR BACKGROUNDS OF SALMONELLA SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; MUTATION SPECTRUM; SALMONELLA ID OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE MUTANTS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOT SPOTS; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; GUANINE RESIDUES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUTAGENESIS; SPECIFICITY AB We used colony probe hybridization procedures to determine the mutations in similar to 600 revertants of the -1 frameshift allele hisD3052 and similar to 200 revertants of the base-substitution allele hisG46 of Salmonella typhimurium induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the presence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9. 2-AAF was primarily a frameshift mutagen, exhibiting 5 times more frameshift than base-substitution activity. The only frameshift mutation 2-AAF induced at the hisD3052 allele was a hotspot (-2) deletion within the sequence CGCGCGCG. The addition of the pKM101 plasmid had a small effect on the mutagenic potency of 2-AAF at this allele in a uvr(+) background and no effect on the mutation spectra in either a uvr(+) or uvr(-) background. The small amount of base substitution activity exhibited by 2-AAF at the hisG46 allele required the presence of both the pKM101 plasmid and the uvrB mutation. The base substitutions were G.C-->T.A transversions (86%) and G.C-->A.T transitions (14%), and 85% of the substitutions were at the second position of the CCC target of the hisG46 allele; the remainder were at the first position. We propose that the hotspot frameshift may be initiated by N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene adducts located at the C(8) position of any of the guanines except the first one in the CGCGCGCG hotspot sequence. The mutation might then result from correct incorporation of cytosine opposite the adducted guanine, followed by a 2-base slippage according to our recently proposed correct-incorporation/slippage model. The hotspot mutation may also result from a 2-AAF-induced B- to Z-DNA transition at the repeating GpC site as well as by the action of enzymes involved in DNA metabolism, such as DNA resolvases or topoisomerases, on DNA structures that have been distorted by 2-AAF adducts. The small amount of 2-AAF-induced base-substitution activity may be due to mispairing of adenine opposite the minor aminofluorene adduct at the C(8) position of guanine. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 327 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)00186-9 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA QK550 UT WOS:A1995QK55000010 PM 7870101 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM SHELTON, ML STANKOWSKI, LF AF DEMARINI, DM SHELTON, ML STANKOWSKI, LF TI MUTATION SPECTRA IN SALMONELLA OF SUNLIGHT, WHITE FLUORESCENT LIGHT, AND LIGHT FROM TANNING SALON BEDS - INDUCTION OF TANDEM MUTATIONS AND ROLE OF DNA-REPAIR SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE SUNLIGHT; FLUORESCENT LIGHT; TANNING SALON; MUTATION SPECTRUM; SALMONELLA ID CYCLOBUTANE PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; UV-IRRADIATED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SKIN-CANCER; LACI GENE; P53 GENE; MUTAGENESIS; SEQUENCE; SPECIFICITY; TYPHIMURIUM AB We evaluated the mutagenicity of sunlight (SUN), uncovered coolwhite fluorescent light (FLR), and light from a tanning salon bed (TAN) at the base-substitution allele hisG46 of Salmonella in four DNA repair backgrounds (wild type, verb, pKM101, and uvrB + pKM101). Approximately 80% of the radiation emitted by TAN was within the ultraviolet (UV) range, whereas only similar to 10% of the SUN and similar to 1% of the FLR radiation was UV. TAN emitted similar amounts of UVA and UVB, whereas SUN emitted 50-60 x and FLR emitted 5-10 x more UVA relative to UVB. Based on total dose (UV + visible), the mutagenic potency ranking was TAN > FLR > SUN. Using colony probe hybridization and PCR/DNA sequence analysis, similar to 3000 revertants were analyzed to determine the mutational specificity of the three light sources. The mutation spectra and those induced by 254-nm UV had common features. The uvrB mutation enhanced the mutagenicity of the environmental UV sources more (20-216 x) than did the pKM101 plasmid (similar to 20 x) relative to wild type DNA repair. All light sources induced equal proportions of transitions and transversions in excision repair-proficient strains, but they induced more transitions relative to transversions in uvrB-containing strains. The majority of the mutations were G.C-->A.T transitions that were induced equally frequently at the first or second position of the CCC codon of the hisG46 allele in all strains except TA1535 (uvrB), where SUN and FLR induced transitions preferentially at the first position, and TAN induced them preferentially at the second position. Identified or presumptive multiple mutations, which constituted the only mutational class enhanced by all three light sources in the presence of uvrB and pKM101 either alone or together, accounted for 3-5% of the induced mutations in the plasmid-containing strains, and their increases (38-82-fold) in TA100 (uvrB, pKM101) were the highest of any mutational class. Of the TAN-induced multiple mutations, 83% (19/23) were CC-->TT tandem transitions. These results show that exposures to the nonsolar environmental UV sources FLR and TAN produce mutations similar to those produced by SUN, a known carcinogen. C1 PHARMAKON USA,WAVERLY,PA 18471. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 327 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)00179-9 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA QK550 UT WOS:A1995QK55000014 PM 7870082 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD CREASON, J NADER, JA POTEAT, W ORR, JD AF CLAXTON, LD CREASON, J NADER, JA POTEAT, W ORR, JD TI GENETOX MANAGER FOR BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY ASSAYS - A PERSONAL-COMPUTER AND MINICOMPUTER SYSTEM SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER PROGRAM; SOFTWARE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; DATA MANAGEMENT; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY; AMES TEST; CLIPPER(R); FORTRAN(R) ID SALMONELLA ASSAY; CARCINOGENICITY; TESTS AB GeneTox Manager (GTM) is a data capture, data management, and statistical analysis program used for microbial mutagenicity data. Its main purpose is to provide a homogeneous environment for the collection, organization, and analysis of data generated in the laboratory while also supporting a quality assurance program. The complete system consists of both a personal computer (PC) system and a minicomputer (VAX) system. The joint PC/VAX version of the system is designed to function with both the PC and VAX FOCUS databases so that the VAX can be used for long-term storage, archiving of files, and the analysis of large groups of data. Because of the highly specialized use and nature of the PC/VAX version, this discussion is focused upon the PC stand-alone version. The user-friendly system uses a structured menu system, screen entry helps, and other help screens. GTM provides tabular and graphical summaries of the data and performs specialized statistical analyses. This public domain software was written primarily using Clipper(R). The manuals and programs are now available through the government's National Technical Information Service. C1 COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1218 J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 342 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(95)90093-4 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA QK270 UT WOS:A1995QK27000010 PM 7885397 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ LEVIN, ED OVERSTREET, DH AF BUSHNELL, PJ LEVIN, ED OVERSTREET, DH TI SPATIAL WORKING AND REFERENCE MEMORY IN RATS BRED FOR AUTONOMIC SENSITIVITY TO CHOLINERGIC STIMULATION - ACQUISITION, ACCURACY, SPEED, AND EFFECTS OF CHOLINERGIC DRUGS SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-ARM MAZE; ANIMAL-MODEL; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; DEPRESSION; MECHANISMS; DFP; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; PERFORMANCE; INVOLVEMENT; SCOPOLAMINE AB Rat lines were selected by breeding for sensitivity to signs of autonomic stimulation (hypothermia, loss of body weight, and reduced water intake) induced by the cholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). These lines have since been maintained for 10 generations by continued selection for hypothermic responsiveness to the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. The sensitive rats (Flinders Sensitive Line, FSL) differ from the resistant rats (Flinders Resistant Line, FRL) both neurochemically and behaviorally, particularly in aversively motivated test situations in which response speed is assessed. This study was conducted to determine whether the selected differences in cholinergic autonomic sensitivity would be expressed as differences in cognitive ability based on choice accuracy in appetitive tasks. The working and reference memory of rats of these two strains was thus assessed using operant delayed matching-to-position/visual discrimination (DMTP/VD) and the radial-arm maze. A Long-Evans (L-E) reference group was included in the DMTP/VD study. FSL rats responded more slowly than the other rats during acquisition of both tasks, but showed no differences in response accuracy either during acquisition or during asymptotic performance of either task. In addition, challenges with muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists and agonists [scopolamine (0.06-1.0 mg/kg), pilocarpine (1.0-4.0 mg/kg), mecamylamine (1.0-10.0 mg/kg), and nicotine (0.1-0.3 mg/kg)] demonstrated predicted differences in sensitivity among the lines only on performance measures such as response latency and trial completion. Counter to prediction, the sensitivity of the FRL rats to the ability of scopolamine to reduce matching accuracy was lower than those of the L-E and FSL rats. Thus selection based upon physiological endpoints related to cholinergic autonomic homeostasis did not produce analogous differences in cognitive function in rats. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ALCOHOL STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1074-7427 J9 NEUROBIOL LEARN MEM JI Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 2 BP 116 EP 132 DI 10.1006/nlme.1995.1012 PG 17 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA QL036 UT WOS:A1995QL03600002 PM 7663885 ER PT J AU MUNDY, WR FREUDENRICH, T SHAFER, TJ NOSTRANDT, AC AF MUNDY, WR FREUDENRICH, T SHAFER, TJ NOSTRANDT, AC TI IN-VITRO ALUMINUM INHIBITION OF BRAIN PHOSPHOINOSITIDE METABOLISM - COMPARISON OF NEONATAL AND ADULT-RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHOLIPASE C; DEVELOPMENT ID SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS; DIALYSIS ENCEPHALOPATHY; CORTICAL SLICES; HYDROLYSIS; GESTATION; ETHANOL; INVITRO; CALCIUM; MICE AB Recent evidence indicates that the neurotoxic metal aluminum interferes with the phosphoinositide second messenger system in adult rats both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the age-related effects of aluminum chloride (AICl(3)) on receptor-stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation in brain slices from neonatal and adult rats in vitro. Carbachol-stimulated (1 mM) IP accumulation was greatest in frontal cortex slices from 7 day old rats, decreased in 14 day old and 21 day old rats, and was lowest in adults (120 days old). AlCl3 (500 mu M) inhibited both basal and carbachol-stimulated IP accumulation in neonatal and adult rats. The effects of AlCl3 were concentration-related and produced significant decreases (15-25%) in IP accumulation at 500 and 1 000 mu M. The concentration-response curve for AlCl3 was similar in 7 day old and adult rats. AlCl3 reduced carbachol-, norepinephrine- and quisqualate-stim ulated IP accumulation in both 7 day old and adult rats. The effects of 500 mu M AlCl3 were examined on carbachol-stimulated IP accumulation in slices prepared from frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. Although IP accumulation was greater in slices from the 7 day old rats compared to adults in each tissue, AlCl3 (500 (m)u M) decreased IP accumulation by approximately 20% in all regions at both ages. Aluminum produced concentration-dependent inhibition of phospholipase C in cortical homogenates which was similar in 7 day old and adult rats. These results show that in vitro exposure to aluminum decreases IP accumulation through a mechanism which is not age-dependent. (C) 1995 Intox Press, Inc. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MUNDY, WR (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SPR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QV617 UT WOS:A1995QV61700004 PM 7603643 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, RS COOPER, KD DEFABO, EC FREDERICK, JE GELATT, KN HAMMOND, SP HERSEY, P KOREN, HS LEY, RD NOONAN, F RUSCH, GM SARASIN, A SELGRADE, M SOBOLEV, I WARD, BJ WERKEMA, TE AF CHAPMAN, RS COOPER, KD DEFABO, EC FREDERICK, JE GELATT, KN HAMMOND, SP HERSEY, P KOREN, HS LEY, RD NOONAN, F RUSCH, GM SARASIN, A SELGRADE, M SOBOLEV, I WARD, BJ WERKEMA, TE TI SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION AND THE RISK OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASE - SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MARSUPIAL MONODELPHIS-DOMESTICA; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; CIS-UROCANIC ACID; EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; SYSTEMIC IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; MORAXELLA-BOVIS BACTERIN; UV-INDUCED SUPPRESSION C1 UMAP INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. SPA AFEAS INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. UNIV NEWCASTLE,NEWCASTLE,NSW 2300,AUSTRALIA. LOVELACE BIOMED & ENVIRONM RES INST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87108. ALLIED SIGNAL INC,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07962. INST RECH SCI CANC,F-94801 VILLEJUIF,FRANCE. CHEM & POLYMER TECHNOL INC,ORINDA,CA 94563. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3G 1A4,CANADA. NR 237 TC 47 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 3 BP 223 EP 247 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA QK926 UT WOS:A1995QK92600001 PM 7716186 ER PT J AU SARTER, M BUSHNELL, PJ AF SARTER, M BUSHNELL, PJ TI TESTING VIGILANCE - VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND SENSITIVITY IN METHODS DEVELOPMENT SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AGE C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SARTER, M (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10173]; NIMH NIH HHS [KO2MH01072] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0033-3158 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY JI Psychopharmacology PD MAR PY 1995 VL 118 IS 2 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1007/BF02245843 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA QR462 UT WOS:A1995QR46200020 PM 7617811 ER PT J AU LASKEY, JW BERMAN, E FERRELL, JM AF LASKEY, JW BERMAN, E FERRELL, JM TI THE USE OF CULTURED OVARIAN FRAGMENTS TO ASSESS TOXICANT ALTERATIONS IN STEROIDOGENESIS IN THE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVARY CULTURE; STEROIDOGENESIS; RATS; ESTROUS CYCLE; AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE ID CYCLING RATS; AROMATASE; INVITRO; METHOXYCHLOR; INHIBITORS AB This study was conducted to determine the utility of using steroid production by cultured ovarian fragments to assess toxicant-induced alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. To this end, serum steroid concentration and steroid production (progesterone (P-4), testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2))) by cultured ovarian fragments is described during a normal 4-day estrous cycle. This culture system was then used to profile the effects of aminoglutethimide shown to have two sites of steroidogenic inhibition, side chain cleavage enzyme and aromatase. LH, FSH, P-4, and E(2) concentrations in serum during the 4-day estrous cycle confirmed that described in the literature for untreated rats. All of the steroids measured had peak production levels during proestrus. The patterns of P-4 and E(2) production by the ovaries in an unstimulated culture mimics that seen in serum. Stimulation with hCG (100 mIU/mL) after the initial 1 h culture tends to even out the production of P-4, while T production rises faster and peaks earlier. The pattern and levels of estradiol production in hCG-stimulated cultures are very similar to those in the unstimulated culture, both in pattern and in production levels. When cultured ovarian fragments from proestrous rats were treated in vitro with aminoglutethimide (1 to 16 mu M), the pattern of steroid production that characterized the inhibitory effects were similar to those reported in the literature using isolated cell culture procedures. This pattern showed a rapid decrease in E(2) production (IC50 of 2.43 mu M), a concurrent rise in T production, and a decrease in P-4 production (IC50 of 15.5 mu M). This culture system is an appropriate system to rapidly assess toxicant effects on ovarian steroidogenesis following in vivo or in vitro exposure. RP LASKEY, JW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(95)00063-1 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA QM839 UT WOS:A1995QM83900004 PM 7795323 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE KELCE, WR MONOSSON, E OSTBY, JS BIRNBAUM, LS AF GRAY, LE KELCE, WR MONOSSON, E OSTBY, JS BIRNBAUM, LS TI EXPOSURE TO TCDD DURING DEVELOPMENT PERMANENTLY ALTERS REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN MALE LONG-EVANS RATS AND HAMSTERS - REDUCED EJACULATED AND EPIDIDYMAL SPERM NUMBERS AND SEX ACCESSORY-GLAND WEIGHTS IN OFFSPRING WITH NORMAL ANDROGENIC STATUS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TESTOSTERONE; BEHAVIOR; INUTERO; SPERMATOGENESIS; TRACT AB Prenatal administration of relatively low doses of TCDD alters reproductive development and fertility of the progeny. Fertility was reduced in the progeny of Wistar rats exposed to 0.5 mu g TCDD/kg/day from Gestational Day (GD) 6 to GD 15. In a three-generation reproduction study, TCDD reduced fertility of Sprague-Dawley rats in the F1 and F2 but not the FD (no developmental exposure) generation at 0.01 mu g/kg/day in the diet. Furthermore, administration of TCDD on GD 15 (at 0.064 to I mu g/kg) both demasculinized and feminized morphology and behavior of Holtzman male rat offspring. Our objectives were to expand the observations of Mably ef al. (1992, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 114, 97-107, 108-117, 118-126) on the effects of gestational administration of a single dose of TCDD to another strain of rat and another species, the hamster. In the first study, Long Evans (LE) hooded rats were dosed by gavage with 1 mu g TCDD/kg on GD 8 (during the period of major organogenesis) or GD 15 (the gestational day used by Mably et al.). In the second study, pregnant Syrian hamsters, a species relatively insensitive to the lethal effects of TCDD, were dosed on GD 11, equivalent to GD 15 in the rat, with TCDD at 2 mu g/kg. When LE rats were dosed on GD 15, or when hamsters were dosed on GD 11, puberty (preputial separation) was delayed by about 3 days, ejaculated sperm counts were reduced by at least 58%, and epididymal sperm storage was reduced by 38%. Testicular sperm production was less affected. The sex accessory glands were also reduced in size in LE rat offspring treated on GD 15 despite the fact that serum testosterone (T), T production by the testis in vitro, and androgen receptor (AR) levels were not reduced. Some reproductive measures, such as anogenital distance and male sex behavior, were altered by TCDD treatment in rat but not hamster offspring. Since T and AR levels appeared normal in the sex accessory glands and the epididymis following perinatal TCDD exposure, the alterations in these tissues are not likely to have resulted from an alteration of the androgenic status of the male offspring. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,EPA POSTDOCTORAL PROGRAM,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,DEV REPROD BIOL SECT,DTD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 37 TC 204 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 131 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1052 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QK940 UT WOS:A1995QK94000013 PM 7878665 ER PT J AU PEGRAM, RA DILIBERTO, JJ MOORE, TC GAO, P BIRNBAUM, LS AF PEGRAM, RA DILIBERTO, JJ MOORE, TC GAO, P BIRNBAUM, LS TI 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) DISTRIBUTION AND CYTOCHROME P4501A INDUCTION IN YOUNG-ADULT AND SENESCENT MALE-MICE SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; CYP1A; AGING ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; AH RECEPTOR; RAT; TISSUE; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION; BINDING; LIVER AB While the developmental toxicology of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its congeners has received considerable attention, the impact of advanced age on the biochemical effects and the pharmacokinetics of dioxins remains largely undetermined. In the present investigation, TCDD tissue distribution and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction were characterized in male C57BL/6N mice aged 10 weeks and 28 months at 7 days after administration of single oral [H-3]TCDD doses ranging from 0.015 to 15 mu g/kg body wt. Determinations of hepatic marker enzyme activities for CYP1Al (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, EROD) and 1A2 (acetanilide-4-hydroxylation, ACOH) indicated that the dose response curves for EROD induction by TCDD were nearly identical for the 2 age groups, but the ACOH induction response was greater in old mice. After receiving the 15 mu g/kg dose, an increase (35%) in relative liver weight was observed 7 days after dosing in the 10-week mice, but not in the aged mice, and the hepatic concentration of TCDD was similar to 25% greater in young than old mice. No age difference was found in hepatic nuclear concentrations of TCDD. A dose-dependent increase in liver:fat tissue concentration ratios was noted at both ages, and adipose tissue and blood concentrations of TCDD did not vary significantly with age. In old mice however, TCDD concentrations in skin, kidney and muscle were all approximately twice those of young mice at the 15 mu g/kg dose. These results suggest that advanced age may have differential effects on Ah receptor-mediated enzyme induction, while increased TCDD concentrations in certain tissues may have toxicological implications for older animals. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP PEGRAM, RA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(94)03212-P PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QT009 UT WOS:A1995QT00900004 PM 7725343 ER PT J AU CLARK, CS WEBER, JA LEE, EH HOGSETT, WE AF CLARK, CS WEBER, JA LEE, EH HOGSETT, WE TI ACCENTUATION OF GAS-EXCHANGE GRADIENTS IN FLUSHES OF PONDEROSA PINE EXPOSED TO OZONE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBOXYLATION EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY ID BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; MIMIC AMBIENT CONDITIONS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DARK RESPIRATION; WATER RELATIONS; LEAVES; LIGHT; FUMIGATIONS; CONDUCTANCE AB Two-year-old ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were exposed to episodic O-3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two consecutive growing seasons (June through September of 1990 and 1991). Near the end of the second season of O-3 exposure, gas exchange was measured on needles of surviving flushes at saturating CO2 and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Both photosynthetic capacity (A(sat)) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(wv)) declined linearly with needle age but differences within a flush were also found. Gas exchange rates of needles from the base of the current-year flush were significantly lower than those of needles from the top of the flush, even though age differences between needles were negligible. Although most measurements were conducted at saturating CO2, similar patterns of gas exchange were also found at 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, indicating that photosynthesis of needles at the bottom of the flush was more strongly affected by O-3 than that of needles at the top of the flush, even though the potential for O-3 uptake was probably less in needles at the bottom of the flush because of reduced stomatal conductance. Carboxylation efficiency (delta A/delta C-i), the linear slope of the A/C-i response, was highly correlated with A(sat), varying with needle age, needle position in the flush and O-3 exposure but the magnitude of the reductions was greater than for A(sat). We conclude that susceptibility to O-3 damage among needles of an individual seedling varies not only with needle age but also with needle position, and that reductions in photosynthetic capacity may not be directly attributable to increased uptake of the pollutant. The data also indicate the need to consider within-flush variation when estimating whole-plant carbon gain and O-3 uptake. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP CLARK, CS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QN600 UT WOS:A1995QN60000006 ER PT J AU NAZIRUDDIN, M GRADY, CPL TABAK, HH AF NAZIRUDDIN, M GRADY, CPL TABAK, HH TI DETERMINATION OF BIODEGRADATION KINETICS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS THROUGH THE USE OF RESPIROMETRY SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BIODEGRADATION; CHLOROBENZENES; KINETICS; OXYGEN UPTAKE; RESPIROMETRY ID ELECTROLYTIC RESPIROMETRY; DEGRADATION; PROTOCOL; BENZENE; TOLUENE AB Electrolytic respirometry was used to determine the biodegradation kinetic parameters of five volatile aromatic organic compounds: benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. A protocol developed earlier was modified to accommodate the volatile characteristic of the test compounds. Specifically. the model used in data analysis was modified using Henry's law constant to incorporate the effect of partitioning of a volatile substrate between the gas and liquid phases in a batch reactor. Similar kinetic parameters were obtained for benzene and its four chlorinated analogs. Substrate inhibition was observed in the case of 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and intermediate product inhibition was observed in the case of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. In addition, all chlorinated benzenes exhibited complete inhibition above certain threshold concentrations. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,LG RICH ENVIRONM RES LAB,CLEMSON,SC 29634. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 67 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.2175/106143095X131295 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL831 UT WOS:A1995QL83100004 ER PT J AU REED, SC BROWN, D AF REED, SC BROWN, D TI SUBSURFACE FLOW WETLANDS - A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; DENITRIFICATION; DESIGN; MODEL; NITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; SUSPENDED SOLIDS; WETLANDS AB This paper evaluates data collected by the authors as well as other individuals and agencies at operational subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The purpose of the evaluation was to identify the influence of hydraulic loading, organic loading, hydraulic residence time (HRT) on removal performance for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen and phosphorus. The results indicate that BOD and TSS removal can be very effective at a relatively short HRT and that BOD removal exhibits a linear relationship with organic loading. Effective nitrogen removal requires a longer HRT and appears to be limited by the low oxygen availability in these systems. Phosphorus removal is also somewhat limited and ranges from 30 to 60 percent. Design models for these parameters are available or under development. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP REED, SC (reprint author), ENVIRONM ENGN CONSULTANTS,RR 1 BOX 572,NORWICH,VT 05055, USA. NR 11 TC 65 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 12 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 67 IS 2 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.2175/106143095X131420 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL831 UT WOS:A1995QL83100016 ER PT J AU LU, CS BISWAS, P CLARK, RM AF LU, CS BISWAS, P CLARK, RM TI SIMULTANEOUS TRANSPORT OF SUBSTRATES, DISINFECTANTS AND MICROORGANISMS IN WATER PIPES SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MODELING; WATER QUALITY; DISTRIBUTION PIPES; SUBSTRATE; BIOFILM; DISINFECTANT; WALL CONSUMPTION ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; BIOFILM GROWTH; MODEL; DESIGN AB A mathematical model that accounts for simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms has been developed to predict substantial changes in quality of distributed water. The model consists of a set of mass balance equations for organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, biomass, and disinfectants in the bulk liquid phase and within the biofilm under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. This model is validated by comparing its solutions with the numerical solutions in the literature and then is applied for predicting the behavior of a typical water treatment plant effluent through a distribution pipe. The flow properties and disinfectant consumption rate at the pipe wall play a significant role in the determination of potable water quality in the distribution system. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LU, CS (reprint author), NATL CHUNGHSING UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,TAICHUNG 40227,TAIWAN. OI Lu, Chungsying/0000-0002-9205-457X NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 881 EP 894 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00202-I PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QG426 UT WOS:A1995QG42600013 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR AF GOLDMAN, LR TI FUNGICIDE REGULATION AND FOOD SAFETY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 24 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5201 BP 1080 EP 1081 DI 10.1126/science.7855584 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QJ237 UT WOS:A1995QJ23700006 PM 7855584 ER PT J AU MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG AF MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON FROM TERRESTRIAL ORGANIC-MATTER - SIGNIFICANCE TO THE OCEANIC ORGANIC-CARBON CYCLE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; SEA; PHOTODEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR AB Water collected from riverine, near coastal, and salt marsh sources in the Southeastern United States was evaluated for its ability to produce both carbon monoxide (CO) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by photochemical oxidation of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Irradiation of whole water samples using simulated sunlight produced CO at rates similar to those measured previously. Production rates for DIC were more than an order of magnitude higher than those observed for CO. Based on observed DIC formation rates, photo-oxidation of DOC by sunlight should be considered a dominant removal mechanism of organic carbon from the ocean. RP MILLER, WL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 19 TC 282 Z9 292 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1029/94GL03344 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ265 UT WOS:A1995QJ26500024 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR AF GOLDMAN, LR TI CHILDHOOD LEAD-POISONING IN 1994 - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 6 BP 458 EP 459 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE498 UT WOS:A1995QE49800021 ER PT J AU LEBREC, H ROGER, R BLOT, C BURLESON, GR BOHUON, C PALLARDY, M AF LEBREC, H ROGER, R BLOT, C BURLESON, GR BOHUON, C PALLARDY, M TI IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION USING PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS - IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF IMMUNE EFFECTS USING RODENT OR HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; IN VITRO; RODENT; HUMAN; PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS ID CYCLOSPORINE-A; LYMPHOCYTES; MECHANISM; INVITRO; MICE AB In order to evaluate the relevance of in vitro methods for immunotoxicity assessment, the effects of pharmaceutical drugs on lymphoproliferative and cytotoxic functions of mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) were studied, A comparison of sensitivity of immune cells from different origins to an in vitro exposure to different xenobiotics was performed using non-immunosuppressive (cimetidine and furosemide) and immunosuppressive (azathioprine (AZA), cyclosporine A (CSA), and dexamethasone (DEX)) drugs. For CSA, sensitivity of both rat and mouse splenocytes following in vitro exposure was compared to the one of hPBMC, Immune function tests included lymphoproliferative response to mitogenic lectins (concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P)) or to allogeneic cells (mixed leukocyte response (MLR)) and cytotoxicity assays (cytotoxic-T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis), Additionally, to evaluate how well in vitro assays represent the in vivo situation, a comparison of the effect of cyclosporine A on the same immune function tests following in vivo or in vitro exposure was performed, The data obtained show numerous similarities in the effects observed following in vitro exposure of rodent or human cells to the drugs and a very similar sensitivity of rat and mouse cells to CSA in vitro. C1 UNIV PARIS 11,FAC PHARM,INSERM,CJF 9301,TOXICOL LAB,F-92296 CHATENAY MALABRY,FRANCE. INST GUSTAVE ROUSSY,DEPT BIOL CLIN,F-94805 VILLEJUIF,FRANCE. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,IMMUNOTOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 6 PY 1995 VL 96 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)02956-U PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QN782 UT WOS:A1995QN78200007 PM 7886685 ER PT J AU SAILSTAD, DM KRISHNAN, SD TEPPER, JS DOERFLER, DL SELGRADE, MK AF SAILSTAD, DM KRISHNAN, SD TEPPER, JS DOERFLER, DL SELGRADE, MK TI DIETARY VITAMIN-A ENHANCES SENSITIVITY OF THE LOCAL LYMPH-NODE ASSAY SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LOCAL LYMPH NODE ASSAY (LLNA); CONTACT SENSITIZER; MOUSE; VITAMIN-A ACETATE ID ACCESSORY CELL-FUNCTION; EAR SWELLING ASSAY; CONTACT SENSITIZATION; TEST MEST; RESPONSES; VALIDATION; RETINOIDS; ALLERGENS; MICE; WEAK AB Murine assays such as the mouse ear swelling test (MEST) and the local lymph node assay (LLNA) are popular alternatives to guinea pig models for the identification of contact sensitizers, yet there has been concern over the effectiveness of these assays to detect weak and moderate sensitizers, Much work has been done to improve the sensitivity of the MEST, including the addition of a vitamin A acetate (VAA) enriched diet, which increases its sensitivity, Vitamin A acetate has been reported to increase the numbers of Langerhans cells (antigen presenting cells) in the skin, which could in turn enhance the cellular immune response, Because the LLNA relies on tritiated-thymidine incorporation by proliferating T cells during the induction phase, we have studied the potential of the VAA diet to enhance sensitivity of the LLNA, Results indicate that the VAA enriched diet significantly increased the LLNA sensitivity to formalin, eugenol, glutaraldehyde, trimellitic anhydride, and an azo dye at concentrations where no proliferation was observed in mice maintained on the standard diet. Maintenance on a VAA diet for 3 weeks prior to initiating the sensitization procedure was optimal, Thus, incorporation of a VAA diet improves the sensitivity of the LLNA as a quick, objective, and relatively inexpensive screen for detecting moderate and weak contact sensitizers. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SAILSTAD, DM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 6 PY 1995 VL 96 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)02957-V PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QN782 UT WOS:A1995QN78200008 PM 7886686 ER PT J AU TEPPER, JS MOSER, VC COSTA, DL MASON, MA ROACHE, N GUO, ZS DYER, RS AF TEPPER, JS MOSER, VC COSTA, DL MASON, MA ROACHE, N GUO, ZS DYER, RS TI TOXICOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF EMISSIONS FROM CARPET SAMPLES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study investigated findings that the off-gassing of certain carpets caused sensory and pulmonary irritation, changes in neurobehavioral signs, and death in exposed mice. Two standard test method measures-one for estimating sensory irritancy (ASTM-E981-84), the other for evaluating the neurotoxic potential of chemicals (functional observational battery)-were coupled with a postmortem assessment to ascertain the mechanism of toxicity. The postmortem evaluation included measurements of hemoglobin, serum clinical chemistries, blood and lung lavage white cell counts and differential, organ weights, and a gross necropsy with a microscopic evaluation of all major organs. The study evaluated three treatment groups composed of two preheated carpet emission exposures and one preheated air-control exposure. No toxic effects were associated with exposure to the off-gassing of the two tested carpets. Clinical chemistry and histopathological alternations were observed with exposure to either filter-air or carpet when compared to nonexposed unrestrained control mice, indicating that the exposure procedure caused significant effects unrelated to carpet emissions. A detailed chemical and microbial evaluation of the carpets and carpet emissions showed volatile organic compounds, pesticide residues, and microbiological flora, but at insufficient quantities to result in acute toxicity. Based on this assessment, there was no indication that exposure to emissions from these two carpets poses a serious health risk. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,DIV POLLUT CONTROL,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,OFF ASSOCIATE LAB DIRECTOR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0158:TACEOE>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QF422 UT WOS:A1995QF42200008 PM 7856517 ER PT J AU ROSS, NP AF ROSS, NP TI WHAT THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE APPLIED STATISTICAL EXPERIENCE DATA QUALITY; PUBLIC POLICY; STATISTICIAN; TRAINING RP ROSS, NP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM STAT & INFORMAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.2307/2684801 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA QW180 UT WOS:A1995QW18000004 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW ALLISON, JC TALLEY, DL GEORGE, SE AF CHADWICK, RW ALLISON, JC TALLEY, DL GEORGE, SE TI POSSIBLE ERRORS IN ASSAY FOR BETA-GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NITROREDUCTASE; GLUCURONIDASE; MICROFLORA; MUTAGENS; DIETARY; STRAINS AB Cecal homogenates were assayed for the enzymes beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase. Anaerobic incubation with the addition of excess 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, a substrate for nitroreductase, significantly increased the detection of the beta-glycosidase enzymes' activities. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 820 EP 822 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QF428 UT WOS:A1995QF42800067 PM 7574621 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME REASONER, DJ AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME REASONER, DJ TI RAPID GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI (VOL 59, PG 4347, 1994) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QF428 UT WOS:A1995QF42800074 PM 16534949 ER PT J AU BOETHLING, RS HOWARD, PH BEAUMAN, JA LAROSCHE, ME AF BOETHLING, RS HOWARD, PH BEAUMAN, JA LAROSCHE, ME TI FACTORS FOR INTERMEDIA EXTRAPOLATION IN BIODEGRADABILITY ASSESSMENT SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; WATER; ESTUARINE; PETROLEUM; ESTERS; RATES; SOIL; ACID AB In screening-level biodegradability assessment for xenobiotic chemicals it is often necessary to extrapolate from one environmental medium or set of conditions to another, to derive an estimate of biotransformation rate in the medium of interest. To develop a basis for such extrapolation we conducted a comparative analysis of biodegradation data from grab sample studies, focusing on (i) relative rates of aerobic biodegradation in fresh water and surface soil; and (ii) relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation in surface soil. The results of this data review are expressed as a series of factors that represent ratios of biodegradation half-lives under the respective conditions. These factors may be used in chemical screening and in setting priorities for further review. C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX 7406,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. SYRACUSE RES CORP,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)00439-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QK016 UT WOS:A1995QK01600013 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT COLLYARD, SA AF ANKLEY, GT COLLYARD, SA TI INFLUENCE OF PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE ON THE TOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES TO 3 SPECIES OF FRESH-WATER BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMPHIPOD; CHIRONOMID; OLIGOCHAETE; CYTOCHROME P450; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE ID BIOTRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM AB Toxicity tests were conducted with amphipods (Hyalella azteca), chironomids (Chironomus tentans) and oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) exposed to a series of organophosphate insecticides in the absence or presence of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an inhibitor Of cytochrome(s) P450, Piperonyl butoxide effectively reduced the toxicity to H, azteca and C. tentans of three organophosphates (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl) which undergo metabolic activation by cytochrome(s) P450, Coadministration of PB with another organophosphate (dichlorvos) which is not activated by cytochrome(s) P450, did not reduce the toxicity to the two species, Lumbriculus variegatus was relatively insensitive to the organophosphates, and PBO did hot reduce their toxicity to the oligochaete. These data indicate that both H, azteca and C. tentans possess cytochrome P450-mediated MOs capable of metabolizing organic xenobiotics. However, the degree to which L, variegatus might be capable of the oxidative metabolism of organic xenobiotics is uncertain. C1 SAIC,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(94)00098-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA RB877 UT WOS:A1995RB87700006 ER PT J AU JASSBY, AD KIMMERER, WJ MONISMITH, SG ARMOR, C CLOERN, JE POWELL, TM SCHUBEL, JR VENDLINSKI, TJ AF JASSBY, AD KIMMERER, WJ MONISMITH, SG ARMOR, C CLOERN, JE POWELL, TM SCHUBEL, JR VENDLINSKI, TJ TI ISOHALINE POSITION AS A HABITAT INDICATOR FOR ESTUARINE POPULATIONS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE FISH; FRESH-WATER FLOW; HABITAT INDICATOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MOLLUSK; PHYTOPLANKTON; SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN DELTA; SALINITY DISTRIBUTION; SAN FRANCISCO BAY; STATISTICAL MODELS ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NEOMYSIS-MERCEDIS HOLMES; JOAQUIN ESTUARY; STRIPED BASS; RIVER FLOW; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CRANGON-FRANCISCORUM; MORONE-SAXATILIS; CALIFORNIA AB Populations of native and introduced aquatic organisms in the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (''Bay/Delta'') have undergone significant declines over the past two decades. Decreased river inflow due to drought and increased freshwater diversion have contributed to the decline of at least some populations. Effective management of the estuary's biological resources requires a sensitive indicator of the response to freshwater inflow that has ecological significance, can be measured accurately and easily, and could be used as a ''policy'' variable to set standards for managing freshwater inflow. Positioning of the 2 parts per thousand (grams of salt per kilogram of seawater) bottom salinity value along the axis of the estuary was examined for this purpose. The 2 parts per thousand bottom salinity position (denoted by X(2)) has simple and significant statistical relationships with annual measures of many estuarine resources, including the supply of phytoplankton and phytoplankton-derived detritus from local production and river loading; benthic macroinvertebrates (molluscs); mysids and shrimp; larval fish survival; and the abundance of planktivorous, piscivorous, and bottom-foraging fish. The actual mechanisms are understood for only a few of these populations. X(2) also satisfies other recognized requirements for a habitat indicator and probably can be measured with greater accuracy and precision than alternative habitat indicators such as net freshwater inflow into the estuary. The 2 parts per thousand value may not have special ecological significance for other estuaries (in the Bay/Delta, it marks the locations of an estuarine turbidity maximum and peaks in the abundance of several estuarine organisms), but the concept of using near-bottom isohaline position as a habitat indicator should be widely applicable. Although X(2) is a sensitive index of the estuarine community's response to net freshwater inflow, other hydraulic features of the estuary also determine population abundances and resource levels. In particular, diversion of water for export from or consumption within the estuary can have a direct effect on population abundance independent of its effect on X(2). The need to consider diversion, in addition to X(2), for managing certain estuarine resources is illustrated using striped bass survival as an example. The striped bass survival data were also used to illustrate a related important point: incorporating additional explanatory variables may decrease the prediction error for a population or process, but it can increase the uncertainty in parameter estimates and management strategies based on these estimates. Even in cases where the uncertainty is currently too large to guide management decisions, an uncertainty analysis can identify the most practical direction for future data acquisition. C1 BIOSYST ANAL,TIBURON,CA 94920. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,STOCKTON,CA 95205. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. SUNY STONY BROOK,CTR MARINE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105. RP JASSBY, AD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 68 TC 198 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 5 IS 1 BP 272 EP 289 DI 10.2307/1942069 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QK276 UT WOS:A1995QK27600027 ER PT J AU PFLEEGER, T ZOBEL, D AF PFLEEGER, T ZOBEL, D TI ORGANIC PESTICIDE MODIFICATION OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS IN ANNUAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDES; PLANT COMMUNITIES; PLANT COMPETITION; NESTED NEIGHBORHOODS; TOXICITY TESTING ID TOXICITY TESTS; GROWTH; MANIPULATION; COMPETITION; SUCCESSION; PATTERN AB A method is proposed and tested for assessing multispecies responses to three pesticides (atrazine, 2,4-D and malathion). Pesticides were applied at two concentrations, on model plant communities grown in raised beds using soil containing a natural seed bank. Cover by species was monitored over time in nested 10 and 20 cm diameter neighbourhoods around Poa annua and Calandrinia ciliata target plants. All tested compounds modified relative species abundance, altered dominance and simplified the treated communities. Community biomass decreased with atrazine and 2,4-D treatments, but not with malathion. Each chemical altered species interactions for all treated communities, including the identities of interacting species and the timing of interactions. Each target species had its own suite of interacting species that individually changed with chemical treatment. When cover was used as a predictor of neighbour influence, analysis of species interactions using 10 cm neighbourhoods indicated more interactions than using 20 cm neighbourhoods. When biomass was used as the predictor, use of the 20 cm neighbourhoods indicated more interactions. This method of using model plant communities for field toxicity testing is simple, economical and effective. It uses naturally occurring plants while reducing the environmental heterogeneity common in most field studies. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP PFLEEGER, T (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 4 IS 1 BP 15 EP 37 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT659 UT WOS:A1995QT65900003 PM 24197547 ER PT J AU MEIER, A SOLOMON, B AF MEIER, A SOLOMON, B TI THE EPAS PROTOCOLS FOR VERIFYING SAVINGS FROM UTILITY ENERGY-CONSERVATION PROGRAMS SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB As part of its acid rain program, the U.S. EPA has established a system of tradable SO2 emission allowances. The regulations also permit electric utilities to earn emission allowances through conservation programs. The utility may verify the savings with ''Conservation Verification Protocols (CVPs)''. Use of the CVPs encourages monitoring and establishes a consistent procedure for evaluating electricity savings in all sectors and electrical end uses. In limited cases where the energy savings can be reliably predicted, the CVPs are used to stipulate savings or a procedure to calculate them. The CVPs represent new concepts, including a procedure for linking the amount of savings to confidence that they occurred and a flexible approach to estimation of subsequent-year energy savings. The CVPs are now being used by utilities and some of these have submitted applications for verified savings. C1 US EPA,DIV ACID RAIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MEIER, A (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD FEB PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(94)00065-B PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA QD287 UT WOS:A1995QD28700004 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, JE YANG, RSH BERMAN, E AF SIMMONS, JE YANG, RSH BERMAN, E TI EVALUATION OF THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES CONTAINING ORGANICS AND METALS - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF REAL-WORLD COMPLEX-MIXTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint US/Mexico Conference on Fate, Transport and Interactions of Metals CY APR 14-16, 1993 CL TUCSON, AZ DE METALS; NEPHROTOXICITY; COMPLEX MIXTURES; CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS ID INDUSTRIAL-WASTES; HAZARDOUS WASTES; TOXICITY; LETHALITY AB As part of a multidisciplinary health effects study, the nephrotoxicity of complex industrial waste mixtures was assessed. Adult, male Fischer 344 rats were gavaged with samples of complex industrial waste and nephrotoxicity evaluated 24 hr later. Of the 10 tested samples, 4 produced increased absolute or relative kidney weight, or both, coupled with a statistically significant alteration in at least one of the measured serum parameters (urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREAT), and BUN/CREAT ratio). Although the waste samples had been analyzed for a number of organic chemicals and 7 of the 10 samples were analyzed also for 12 elemental metals and metalloids, their nephrotoxicity was not readily predicted from the partial chemical characterization data. Because the chemical form or speciation of the metals was unknown, it was not possible to estimate their contribution to the observed biological response. Various experimental approaches, including use of real-world complex mixtures, chemically defined synthetic mixtures, and simple mixtures, will be necessary to adequately determine the potential human health risk from exposure to complex chemical mixtures. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO. RP SIMMONS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 103 SU 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.2307/3432016 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QP391 UT WOS:A1995QP39100016 PM 7621803 ER PT J AU SIOUTAS, C KOUTRAKIS, P BURTON, RM AF SIOUTAS, C KOUTRAKIS, P BURTON, RM TI A TECHNIQUE TO EXPOSE ANIMALS TO CONCENTRATED FINE AMBIENT AEROSOLS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE AMBIENT PARTICLES; ANIMAL INHALATION EXPOSURES; CONCENTRATOR; VIRTUAL IMPACTORS ID ACID AEROSOLS; HEALTH; IMPACTORS AB This paper presents the development and evaluation of an ambient particle concentrator for conducting animal inhalation exposure studies. The system utilizes the principle of virtual impactors to concentrate ambient particles in the size range 0.1-2.5 mu m (aerodynamic diameter; d(p)) by drawing them through a series of three virtual impactors. Each impactor contains the majority of ambient fine mass (d(p) < 2.5 mu m aerodynamic diameter) in a bleed flow (minor flow) that is 20% of the total flow entering the virtual impactor. The virtual impactors have been characterized using indoor air samples as test aerosols. Fine mass and sulfate concentrations at the outlet of the concentrating system were compared to the ambient fine mass and sulfate levels, which were determined using Harvard-Marple impactors. In each of the stages, particle concentration was increased by a factor of approximately 3. Thus, an overall concentration factor of about 25-30 was achieved. The main goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting animal exposures using the newly developed ambient fine particle concentrator. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SIOUTAS, C (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002] NR 20 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 103 IS 2 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.2307/3432274 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RF453 UT WOS:A1995RF45300016 PM 7737066 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, N DEWATERS, JE RYAN, R NOVAK, JH AF KAPLAN, N DEWATERS, JE RYAN, R NOVAK, JH TI DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR EVALUATION OF EULERIAN ACID DEPOSITION MODELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB During the past decade, acid deposition has been a primary environmental problem of concern for the governments of the United States and Canada. In order to better evaluate and study the problem, these governments and other organizations have developed and used Eulerian mathematical models to bring together the sciences of chemistry, physics, and meteorology. Since these models use emissions of acid rain precursors as input, it is important that these emissions estimates be as accurate as possible. A paper, entitled ''The Eulerian Model Evaluation Field Study'' (EMEFS) [1], gives an overview of the activities of a binational (U.S./Canadian) group organized to conduct an extensive field study to evaluate two Eulerian models. That group appointed and directs the activities of four teams: diagnostic measurements, operational (surface) measurements, model evaluation, and emissions inventory. This paper describes the emissions inventory that was developed by the emissions inventory team (EIT) and is being used as input to the Eulerian models discussed in the above referenced paper. RP KAPLAN, N (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1002/ep.670140116 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QM481 UT WOS:A1995QM48100007 ER PT J AU CHUANG, JC CALLAHAN, PJ MENTON, RG GORDON, SM LEWIS, RG WILSON, NK AF CHUANG, JC CALLAHAN, PJ MENTON, RG GORDON, SM LEWIS, RG WILSON, NK TI MONITORING METHODS FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN-HOUSE DUST AND TRACK-IN SOIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INGESTION; AIR AB An analytical method was developed and employed to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in house dust and soil. The method was applied to the analysis of samples collected in an eight-home pilot study that was conducted in Columbus, OH, before and after the 1992/1993 heating season. The purpose of the study was to obtain concentration profiles of PAH in house dust and track-in soil, and to determine whether the track-in of outdoor soil contributes to PAH in house dust. A total of 19 PAH, ranging from naphthalene (2-ring) to coronene (7-ring), were monitored. The sums of concentrations of the 19 PAH ranged from 16 to 580 ppm (w/w) in house dust, from 58 to 5500 ppm in entryway soil, from 0.58 to 1200 ppm in pathway soil, and from 0.63 to 63 ppm in foundation soil. In general, the concentration trend was as follows: entryway soil > house dust > pathway soil > foundation soil. PAH levels in house dust and track-in soil were of the same order of magnitude before and after the heating season. In house dust samples, levels of most 4- to 6-ring PAH, the sums of the 19 PAH, and the sums of the PAH that are probable carcinogens correlated well (r > 0.90 at p < 0.001) with the corresponding levels in the entryway soil samples. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHUANG, JC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1021/es00002a027 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE089 UT WOS:A1995QE08900039 PM 22201397 ER PT J AU HO, KT MITCHELL, K ZAPPALA, M BURGESS, RM AF HO, KT MITCHELL, K ZAPPALA, M BURGESS, RM TI EFFECTS OF BRINE ADDITION ON EFFLUENT TOXICITY AND MARINE TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION (TIE) MANIPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MARINE TIES; BRINE ADDITION; EFFLUENT STORAGE; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; MENIDIA-BERYLLINA ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; FRESH-WATER; SEDIMENT; FRACTIONS AB Little information is available concerning the effect of salinity adjustment on effluent storage and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) performance. These factors are important for accurate assessments of potential toxicity to marine organisms. The objective of this study was to determine (a) the effect of salinity adjustment (to 30 ppt), using hypersaline brine (100 ppt), on the toxicity of effluents stored up to 40 d, and (b) to determine the effect of salinity adjustment on TIE manipulations. Changes in effluent toxicity over time were examined by using a municipal and an industrial effluent. A toxicity time series was performed for 16 d for the industrial effluent and 40 d for the municipal effluent. Toxicity was measured with modified 48-h acute Mysidopsis bahia and Menidia beryllina tests. Results indicate that, compared to day 0 test results, effluent stored with brine had fewer significant changes in toxicity than did effluent stored without brine. To determine the effects of brine addition on TIE manipulations, we conducted a series of manipulations in which one aliquot of an effluent had brine added prior to the TIE manipulations and the other aliquot had brine added after the TIE manipulation. The manipulations conducted were EDTA addition, sodium thiosulfate addition, C18 extraction, aeration, filtration, and graduated pH manipulations. Toxicity was measured with the modified 48-h acute mysid test. Addition of brine had no effect on the outcome of TIE manipulations. We have concluded that it is operationally easier to add brine as soon as possible after sampling and that effluent tests should be conducted as soon as practical. C1 XAVIER UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70072. UNIV RHODE ISL,COLL RESOURCE DEV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES SCI,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP HO, KT (reprint author), US EPA,ERLN,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[245:EOBAOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QC879 UT WOS:A1995QC87900009 ER PT J AU BOESE, BL WINSOR, M LEE, H ECHOLS, S PELLETIER, J RANDALL, R AF BOESE, BL WINSOR, M LEE, H ECHOLS, S PELLETIER, J RANDALL, R TI PCB COGENERS AND HEXACHLOROBENZENE BIOTA SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION FACTORS FOR MACOMA-NASUTA EXPOSED TO SEDIMENTS WITH DIFFERENT TOTAL ORGANIC-CARBON CONTENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BSAF; MACOMA; PCBS; SEDIMENT; BIOACCUMULATION ID AQUATIC SYSTEMS; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS; MODEL; FISH; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOXICOKINETICS; ELIMINATION; INGESTION AB Deposit-feeding marine clams (Macoma nasuta) were exposed for 119 d to three sediment types that varied in total organic carbon (TOC) from 0.8 to 2.5%. Sediments were spiked with equal concentrations of 13 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and hexachlorobenzene. Tissue residues were measured, and steady-state bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), the corresponding lipid, and TOC-normalized biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were determined. The BSAFs were less variable than were the BAFs with the exception of compounds with log K(ow) > 7. Many of the BSAFs exceeded 1.7, which is a calculated maximum value based on partitioning alone. Although BSAFs varied with sediment type and compound, the use of a BSAF of 4 as a screening level for neutral organic compounds in assessing dredge materials is supported by the present study. C1 ASCI,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP BOESE, BL (reprint author), US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[303:PCAHBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QC879 UT WOS:A1995QC87900016 ER PT J AU LEE, GH ELLERSIECK, MR MAYER, FL KRAUSE, GF AF LEE, GH ELLERSIECK, MR MAYER, FL KRAUSE, GF TI PREDICTING CHRONIC LETHALITY OF CHEMICALS TO FISHES FROM ACUTE TOXICITY TEST DATA - MULTIFACTOR PROBIT ANALYSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PREDICTION; CHRONIC TOXICITY; MODELS; MULTIFACTOR PROBIT ANALYSIS AB New methods for predicting chronic toxicity (lethality) from acute lethality data with fishes was developed and assessed. Typically, acute toxicity tests with aquatic organisms provide lethality estimates for a series of toxicant concentrations at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. Statistical models (multiple regression) were developed that utilize acute toxicity data to establish the relation of lethality to toxicant concentration and exposure time for predicting chronic lethality. The models provide estimates of toxicant concentrations that result in a low probability of death as a function of extended exposure times. Results from 28 data sets having lethality data for both acute and chronic exposures were used to evaluate the method. It is posited that the proposed methods are highly accurate when acute lethality data meeting stated quality requirements are available. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. UNIV MISSOURI,AGR EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[345:PCLOCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QC879 UT WOS:A1995QC87900021 ER PT J AU KODAVANTI, UP HATCH, GE STARCHER, B GIRI, SN WINSETT, D COSTA, DL AF KODAVANTI, UP HATCH, GE STARCHER, B GIRI, SN WINSETT, D COSTA, DL TI OZONE-INDUCED PULMONARY FUNCTIONAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN NORMAL AND VITAMIN-C-DEFICIENT GUINEA-PIGS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EXPOSURE; LUNG; COLLAGEN; RATS; ANTIOXIDANTS; PREVENTION; NUTRIENTS; RESPONSES AB Since Vitamin C (ascorbate, AH(2)) is an important airway antioxidant and is an essential component of tissue repair, and since acute (4 hr) O-3 toxicity is enhanced by AH(2) deficiency, we hypothesized that longer-term O-3 effects might also be increased. Female Hartley guinea pigs (260-330 g) were fed either an AH(2)-sufficient or an AH(2)-deficient diet 1 week prior to exposure, and were maintained on their respective diets during 1 week of continuous exposure to O-3 (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm, 23 hr/day), and during 1 week postexposure recovery in clean air. The AH(2)-deficient diet caused lung AH(2) to drop to about 30% of control in I week, and to below 10% by the end of exposure and recovery. Body weight gains during exposure were decreased in the 0.8 ppm O-3 group, while the AH(2) deficiency began to affect body weights only during recovery. O-3 caused a concentration-dependent decrease in total lung capacity, vital capacity, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, nitrogen washout, and static compliance, while increasing forced expiratory flow rates and residual or end-expiratory volume (suggestive of pulmonary gas-trapping). The lung/body weight ratio and fixed lung displacement volume were also increased in O-3-exposed animals. Lung pathology consisted of mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration, airway as well as alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, and general decrease in epithelial cell cytoplasm. Thickening of the interstitium and an apparent increase in collagen staining were seen at the terminal bronchiolar regions. Some of these effects were marginally exacerbated in AH(2)-deficient guinea pigs. One week postexposure to air reversed all O-3-induced abnormalities, irrespective of AH(2) deficiency. Whole lung hydroxyproline and desmosine were not changed at any time by either O-3 or AH(2) deficiency. Measurement of lung prolyl hydroxylase activity suggested that AH(2) deficiency as well as O-3 exposure may have increased the tissue levels of this enzyme. The lack of a significant increase in toxicity with the longer-term exposure scenario suggests that AH, has minimal influence on other compensatory mechanisms developed over time. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,TYLER,TX 75710. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MOLEC BIOSCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP KODAVANTI, UP (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1019 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QH466 UT WOS:A1995QH46600002 PM 7737427 ER PT J AU LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL AF LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, DL TI HOST-RESISTANCE TO TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION IN RATS EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TERM EXPOSURE; SUPPRESSION; MICE; PARAMETERS; RESPONSES; ENTERITIS; IMMUNITY; THYMUS AB We have previously shown decreased resistance to Trichinella spiralis (Ts) infection and reduced parasite antigen-specific responses in B6C3F1 mice exposed to TCDD before infection. The current study was done to characterize the effects of preinfection administration of 1, 10, or 30 mu g TCDD/kg on host resistance of female F344 rats to Ts infection and to examine parasite antigen-specific responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected animals. TCDD exposure did not affect adult parasite elimination from the small intestine or the numbers of encysted larvae in the muscle, although host control of newborn larvae production in female parasites isolated from the highest dose group was compromised, Proliferative responses of lymphocytes cultured with parasite antigen were enhanced in groups of rats exposed to 30 mu g TCDD/kg. These results, which are in marked contrast to the effects obtained in B6C3F1 mice, demonstrate a clear species difference in the effects of TCDD on immune function in rodents and underscore the need to determine which species more closely reflects the potential outcome of human exposure to TCDD. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LUEBKE, RW (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1031 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QH466 UT WOS:A1995QH46600014 PM 7737439 ER PT J AU GOLDEY, ES OCALLAGHAN, JP STANTON, ME CROFTON, KM BARONE, S AF GOLDEY, ES OCALLAGHAN, JP STANTON, ME CROFTON, KM BARONE, S TI DOSE AS CENTRAL VARIABLE IN TOXICOLOGY - REPLY SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GOLDEY, ES (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QH466 UT WOS:A1995QH46600016 ER PT J AU JOZEWICZ, W GULLETT, BK AF JOZEWICZ, W GULLETT, BK TI REACTION-MECHANISMS OF DRY CA-BASED SORBENTS WITH GASEOUS HCL SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KINETICS AB The mechanisms of HCl reaction with dry Ca(OH)(2) or CaO sorbents in flue gas cleaning applications were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction, A short-time differential reactor (STDR) was used to contact 1000 ppm HCl with dry sorbents at temperatures ranging from 100 to 600 degrees C. The product of HCl reaction with Ca(OH)(2) over the 100-600 degrees C range in the STDR was identified as a solid solution of CaCl2.2H(2)O and CaClOH. Subsequently, the Cl/Ca molar ratio in the product was determined to be less than 2. The product of the HCl reaction with CaO in the STDR over the 100-600 degrees C range was identified as CaClOH. When scanned by DSC, samples of both CaO and Ca(OH)(2) that were previously exposed to HCl in the STDR revealed an endotherm between 530 and 590 degrees C. The amount of enthalpy correlated well with the chemically determined sample conversion. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1021/ie00041a022 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QF748 UT WOS:A1995QF74800022 ER PT J AU CREED, JT MARTIN, TD SIVAGANESAN, M AF CREED, JT MARTIN, TD SIVAGANESAN, M TI PRESERVATION OF TRACE-METALS IN WATER SAMPLES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; LEAD AB Questions about trace metal preservation are resurfacing because the health effect risks associated with certain metals continue to drive the required reporting limits lower. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used in this study to analyze preservation of samples containing trace metals. Metal concentrations in nonacidified drinking waters may decrease if the sample is held for two weeks. Acidification of these drinking water samples resolubilized the metals that had fallen out of solution. The preservation of metal samples within drinking waters by acidification to a pH of <2 effectively stabilized the metal concentration for 180 days. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP CREED, JT (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 87 IS 2 BP 104 EP 114 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QJ077 UT WOS:A1995QJ07700015 ER PT J AU MCKENNEY, CL CELESTIAL, DM AF MCKENNEY, CL CELESTIAL, DM TI INTERACTIONS AMONG SALINITY, TEMPERATURE, AND AGE ON GROWTH OF THE ESTUARINE MYSID MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA REARED IN THE LABORATORY THROUGH A COMPLETE LIFE-CYCLE .1. BODY-MASS AND AGE-SPECIFIC GROWTH-RATE SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOMYSIS-INTERMEDIA CZERNIAWSKY; SERRATUS PENNANT CRUSTACEA; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SURVIVAL; PALAEMONIDAE; TOLERANCE; MOLENOCK; DECAPODA; ENERGY; PRAWN AB A broad range of salinity-temperature conditions (salinities from 3-31parts-per-thousand and temperatures from 19-31-degrees-C) significantly influenced growth rates and subsequent body mass of the estuarine mysid Mysidopsis bahia reared in the laboratory from the first free juvenile stage through first brood production by the mature adult. Not only did salinity and temperature significantly interact to affect mysid growth, but a highly significant three-factor salinity-temperature-age interaction modified growth in this species. Response surfaces depict that maximum body mass was obtained after 4 weeks at temperatures between 24 and 29-degrees-C and in salinities (S) above 19parts-per-thousand. Optimal salinity-temperature conditions for growth of M. bahia are correlated with both its resistance patterns to these dominant environmental factors and its distribution pattern in estuarine waters. Canonical analysis of the empirical data produced an absolute maximum dry weight at 26parts-per-thousand S and 27-degrees-C after 4 weeks of growth. Salinity conditions accounting for optimal growth are in close agreement with the isomotic point (24-parts-per-thousand S) for this species, suggesting reduced growth efficiency concurrent with osmotic stress, particularly hypoosmotic stress. Maximum growth rates of mysids reared under a broad salinity-temperature range occurred during the second week, just prior to maturation, suggesting that changing levels of reproduction are correlated with modifications in mysid growth over time. C1 AVANTI CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MCKENNEY, CL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.2307/1549019 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QG545 UT WOS:A1995QG54500010 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC DENSLOW, ND WALLACE, RA LAFLEUR, G GROSS, TS BONOMELLI, S SULLIVAN, CV AF FOLMAR, LC DENSLOW, ND WALLACE, RA LAFLEUR, G GROSS, TS BONOMELLI, S SULLIVAN, CV TI A HIGHLY CONSERVED N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE FOR TELEOST VITELLOGENIN WITH POTENTIAL VALUE TO THE BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF VITELLOGENESIS SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE; FISH VITELLOGENIN ID YOLK PROTEINS; OREOCHROMIS-AUREUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FISH; GLYCOPROTEIN AB N-terminal amino acid sequences for vitellogenin (Vtg) from six species of teleost fish (striped bass, mummichog, pinfish, brown bullhead, medaka, yellow perch and the sturgeon) are compared with published N-terminal Vtg sequences for the lamprey, clawed frog and domestic chicken. Striped bass and mummichog had 100% identical amino acids between positions 7 and 21, while pinfish, brown bullhead, sturgeon, lamprey, Xenopus and chicken had 57%, 93%, 60%, 47%, 47-60% for four transcripts and had 40% identical, respectively, with striped bass for the same positions. Partial sequences obtained for medaka and yellow perch were 100% identical between positions 5 to 10. The potential utility of this conserved sequence for studies on the biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of vitellogenesis is discussed. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. CV WHITNEY MARINE LAB,ST AUGUSTINE,FL 32086. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 46 IS 2 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05966.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QM968 UT WOS:A1995QM96800006 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, TL AF RICHARDSON, TL TI SOIL REMEDIATION - APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE AND STANDARD TECHNOLOGIES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP RICHARDSON, TL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,RISK REDUCTION ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(95)90008-X PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500001 ER PT J AU ACAR, YB GALE, RJ ALSHAWABKEH, AN MARKS, RE PUPPALA, S BRICKA, M PARKER, R AF ACAR, YB GALE, RJ ALSHAWABKEH, AN MARKS, RE PUPPALA, S BRICKA, M PARKER, R TI ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION - BASICS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; ELECTROOSMOSIS; CONTAMINANTS; SOILS AB Electrokinetic remediation, variably named as electrochemical soil processing, electromigration, electrokinetic decontamination or electroreclamation uses electric currents to extract radionuclides, heavy metals, certain organic compounds, or mixed inorganic species and some organic wastes from soils and slurries. An overview of the principals of the electrokinetic remediation technique in soils is presented. The types of waste and media in which the technology could potentially be applicable are outlined and some envisioned environmental uses of conduction phenomena in soils under electric fields are presented. The current status of the electrokinetic remediation technique and its limitations are discussed through a review of the bench-scale and pilot-scale tests. The recent findings of research on different techniques that may improve the technology's effectiveness are mentioned and the status of ongoing efforts in wide-scale implementation and commercialization of the technique in the USA are described. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,ELECTROKINET INC,LOUISIANA BUSINESS & TECHNOL CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP ACAR, YB (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 43 TC 298 Z9 315 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 117 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00066-P PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500002 ER PT J AU GATCHETT, A BANERJEE, P AF GATCHETT, A BANERJEE, P TI EVALUATION OF THE BIOGENESIS(TM) SOIL WASHING TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc. (BioGenesis) soil washing technology was demonstrated as part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program in November 1992. The demonstration was conducted over three days at a petroleum refinery where soils were contaminated with crude oil. The BioGenesis soil cleaning process consists of two stages. In the first stage, contaminants are transferred from the soil matrix to a liquid phase using a proprietary surfactant solution. In the second stage, the surfactant solution enhances biodegradation of residual contamination in soil. For the SITE demonstration, three runs were conducted over three days, each treating 18 cubic yards of soil. Based on chemical analyses conducted on soils collected prior to the demonstration, total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbon (TRPH) was selected as the parameter of concern for the SITE demonstration. TRPH concentrations were monitored in treated and contaminated soils, water, and wastewater. Results of chemical analyses show that TRPH levels decreased by 65-73% in washed soils. The TRPHs in residual soils indicate that soil washing and biodegradation together removed 85-88% of TRPH after 120 days. The treatment system's performance was found to be reproducible at constant operating conditions. This paper presents an introduction, a technology description, the experimental design of the SITE demonstration, SITE demonstration results, and conclusions. C1 PRC ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT INC,ROLLING MEADOWS,IL 60008. RP GATCHETT, A (reprint author), US EPA,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00065-O PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500004 ER PT J AU GRIFFITHS, RA AF GRIFFITHS, RA TI SOIL-WASHING TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Soil washing in the United States has been studied and evaluated with increasing thoroughness during the last 15 to 20 years. It is now entering a phase of actual use and acceptance as its applicability and economics become clearer. This paper reviews the principles behind soil washing, methods of predicting and measuring its performance, some typical soil-washing processes, and several recent field applications. RP GRIFFITHS, RA (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH MS-104,2890 WOODBRIDGE AVE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00064-N PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500005 ER PT J AU FRANK, U BARKLEY, N AF FRANK, U BARKLEY, N TI REMEDIATION OF LOW PERMEABILITY SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS BY FRACTURING ENHANCEMENT OF SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) of pneumatic and hydraulic fracturing to augment and improve the extraction of volatile contaminants from soil. The fracturing procedures involve a physical pressurization process that creates fissures and channels in soils to enhance fluid or vapor flow in the subsurface. Fractures are placed at specific locations and depths inside the boreholes of wells to increase the effectiveness of in situ remedial technologies, especially soil vapor extraction (SVE). The fracturing technology is primarily beneficial in tightly packed geologic formations having low permeabilities. Results from several demonstrations indicated orders of magnitude increases in subsurface vapor flow and contaminated vapor extraction rates after soil fracturing. RP FRANK, U (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00069-S PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500006 ER PT J AU DEPERCIN, PR AF DEPERCIN, PR TI APPLICATION OF THERMAL-DESORPTION TECHNOLOGIES TO HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Thermal desorption is a separation process frequently used to remediate many Superfund sites. Thermal desorption technologies are recommended and used because of (1) the wide range of organic contaminants effectively treated, (2) availability and mobility of commercial systems, and (3) the public acceptance of the treatment approach. Thermal desorption is applicable to many organic wastes and generally not used for treating inorganics and metals. Commercial systems are now in operation remediating Superfund sites, and more are under construction. The public has shown a preference for this technology over incineration because, as a separation process, it seems less likely to create dioxins and other oxidation products. The US EPA SITE program has evaluated the major thermal desorption vendors to answer several questions about the technology; what is the treatment effectiveness, are there products of incomplete combustion, and what are the air emissions? RP DEPERCIN, PR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,26 W ML KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00085-U PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF625 UT WOS:A1995QF62500007 ER PT J AU BEHRENFELD, MJ LEAN, DRS LEE, H AF BEHRENFELD, MJ LEAN, DRS LEE, H TI ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION EFFECTS ON INORGANIC NITROGEN UPTAKE BY NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES OF OCEANIC PLANKTON SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTION SPECTRA; DOSE-RESPONSE; NITROGEN UPTAKE; PLANKTON; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ID SOLAR UV-RADIATION; MARINE DIATOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; 290-320NM RADIATION; LAUDERIA-ANNULATA; ACTION SPECTRA; IMPACT; N-15-NITRATE; N-15-AMMONIA; INHIBITION AB Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR: 290-320 nm) inhibited ammonium uptake (rho(NH4)) and nitrate uptake (rho(NO3)) in natural plankton assemblages collected during a transect from 37 degrees N to 55 degrees N in the Pacific Ocean. Comparison of responses in rho(NH4) to ambient solar- and lamp-enhanced UVBR spectra allowed calculation of an action spectrum for rho(NH4) inhibition. The slope of the action spectrum for rho(NH4) is half as steep as action spectra for UVBR inhibition of photosynthetic carbon uptake. Consequently, UVBR-induced photoinhibition of rho(NH4) extends to greater depths than inhibition of carbon fixation due to the greater relative effect of longer UVBR wavelengths. Inhibition of rho(NH4) was dependent upon UVBR dose when doses were weighted by the rho(NH4) action spectrum. Dependence of UVBR inhibition of rho(NH4) on dose rate was not apparent. We found that near-surface rho(NH4) and rho(NO3) can be overestimated in excess of 50% when measured using standard incubation vessels made of UVBR-absorbing materials such as polycarbonate. C1 NATL WATER RES INST BRANCH,BURLINGTON,ON L7R 4A6,CANADA. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP BEHRENFELD, MJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,BLDG 318,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 68 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00025.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QN482 UT WOS:A1995QN48200003 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, WJ SUGGS, JC STREIB, EW AF MITCHELL, WJ SUGGS, JC STREIB, EW TI A STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS OF STATIONARY SOURCE COMPLIANCE TEST AUDIT DATA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides audit materials to organizations conducting compliance tests using EPA Test Methods 6 (SO2), 7 (NOx), 18 (organics by GC), 25 (organics as ppm C), 106 (vinyl chloride), and 26 (HCl), and to those organizations conducting trial burn testing for toxic volatile organics under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (Method 0030). These audit samples must be analyzed and the results reported to the regulatory agency along with the compliance test results. Each regulation specifies accuracy (percent bias) limits that must be achieved on the audit samples. Failure to meet these accuracy limits may invalidate the compliance test results. A statistical analysis was done on the results from 4,321 compliance audits to determine if the limits will be achieved by most organizations. This analysis determined that they are likely to be achieved more than 90% of the time for Methods 6, 7, and 26, and also for some of the organics measured by Methods 18 and 0030. However, they are not likely to be achieved even 50% of the time for Method 25 and for many Method 18 measurements. No decision could be made for Method 106 because of insufficient data. RP MITCHELL, WJ (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,QUAL ASSURANCE SUPPORT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QH034 UT WOS:A1995QH03400003 ER PT J AU HIGHFILL, JW COSTA, DL AF HIGHFILL, JW COSTA, DL TI STATISTICAL RESPONSE MODELS FOR OZONE EXPOSURE - THEIR GENERALITY WHEN APPLIED TO HUMAN SPIROMETRIC AND ANIMAL PERMEABILITY FUNCTIONS OF THE LUNG SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; MODERATE EXERCISE; 0.12 PPM AB Exposure of humans or animals to ozone (O-3) alters spirometric and permeability functions of the lung. While these responses show clear concentration (C) dependency, the interactive role of exposure duration (T) has not been well defined. Ozone-induced alterations in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) obtained from human studies and in levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (BALP) obtained from studies of rats and guinea pigs were used to compare the utility of several proposed response models as functions of C and T. A large human-study database compiled for T = 2 h and a wide-ranging C and T study on animals were used to contrast each model. The models examined included the quadratic, logistic, log regression, and exponential models. This work suggests that models used for risk assessment should incorporate both T and C. Our results suggest that modified forms of many of these models perform well with both human and animal responses and can be additionally modified to include ventilation rate. As a simple biological model, the exponential model showed advantages. The absolute concentration rates-of-change in the exponential function of integrated physiological changes like BALP and FEV(1) were equal for low O-3 exposure. RP HIGHFILL, JW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QH034 UT WOS:A1995QH03400005 PM 7704687 ER PT J AU REILLY, W AF REILLY, W TI POLLUTION PREVENTION, VOLUNTARY AND REGULATORY INITIATIVES, THE 33/50-PROGRAM AND THE CLEAN-AIR ACT AMENDMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP REILLY, W (reprint author), US EPA,REG III,841 CHESTNUT BLDG,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 2 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QZ760 UT WOS:A1995QZ76000002 ER PT J AU EHRET, C DEVARENNE, L LEATHERS, W ANDERSON, K REILLY, B AF EHRET, C DEVARENNE, L LEATHERS, W ANDERSON, K REILLY, B TI UNTITLED - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 EARTH TECHNOL CORP,WAUWATOSA,WI 53222. US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. RP EHRET, C (reprint author), GARDEN STATE TANNING INC,16 S FRANKLIN ST,FLEETWOOD,PA 19522, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 2 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QZ760 UT WOS:A1995QZ76000004 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW RICHARDSON, SD AF PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW RICHARDSON, SD TI MUTAGENICITY OF DRINKING-WATER FOLLOWING DISINFECTION SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; HUMAN CARCINOGENS; GENETIC TOXICITY; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; BONE-MARROW; CHEMICALS; RESIDUALS; RODENTS; TESTS; ASSAY AB Many drinking water utilities in the USA are considering alternatives to chlorine for disinfection in order to comply with federal regulations regarding disinfection by-products. An evaluation is thus needed of the potential risks associated with the use of alternative disinfectants relative to those posed by chlorine. Two pilot-scale drinking water plant studies were conducted using a variety of disinfection schemes, incorporating ozone, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine. Concentrates of these water samples were tested, using the Ames Salmonella assay, in order to compare the relative mutagenic potencies of the water samples following the different methods of disinfection. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP PATTERSON, KS (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res. Technol.-Aqua PD FEB PY 1995 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA RK377 UT WOS:A1995RK37700001 ER PT J AU WYROBEK, A LOWE, X PINKEL, D BISHOP, J AF WYROBEK, A LOWE, X PINKEL, D BISHOP, J TI ANEUPLOIDY IN LATE-STEP SPERMATIDS OF MICE DETECTED BY 2-CHROMOSOME FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE MURINE; SPERMATIDS; ANEUPLOIDY; DNA PROBES; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) ID EMBRYOS FERTILIZED INVITRO; MOUSE SPERMATOCYTES; INDUCTION; CELLS; GERM; DROSOPHILA; FREQUENCY; INVIVO; NTA AB A multicolor procedure employing fluorescence in situ hybridization is described for detecting chromosomal domains and germinal aneuploidy in late-step spermatids in mice using DNA probes specific for repetitive sequences near the centromeres of chromosomes 8 and X. These probes were nick-translated with biotin- or digoxigenin-labeled nucleotides, and were detected with FITC or rhodamine. Probe and hybridization specificities were confirmed using metaphase chromosomes from spleen and bone marrow cells as well as from primary and secondary spermatocytes. Late-step spermatids, identified in testicular preparations by their hooked shape, yielded compact fluorescence domains in similar to 50% and >99% of cells when hybridized with probes for chromosomes X and 8, respectively. In a survey of >80,000 late-step spermatids from 8 healthy young adult C57BL/6 or B6C3F1 mice, similar to 3/10,000 spermatids had fluorescence phenotypes indicative of X-X or 8-8 hyperhaploidy. These frequencies are consistent with published frequencies of aneuploidy in meiotic metaphase II and first cleavage metaphases of the mouse, providing preliminary validation of sperm hybridization for the detection of aneuploidy. No significant animal or strain differences were observed. In addition, the hyperhaploidy frequencies for murine spermatids were indistinguishable for those for sperm from healthy men obtained by a similar hybridization procedure. These procedures for detecting aneuploid male gametes are examples of ''bridging biomarkers'' between human and animal studies. They have promising applications for investigations of the genetic, reproductive, and toxicological factors leading to abnormal reproductive outcomes of paternal origin, (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DIV MOLEC CYTOMETRY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP WYROBEK, A (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM L452,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-10203-00] NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080400216 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA QJ182 UT WOS:A1995QJ18200015 PM 7766420 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP JENSEN, KF MILLER, DB AF OCALLAGHAN, JP JENSEN, KF MILLER, DB TI QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF DRUG AND TOXICANT-INDUCED ASTROGLIOSIS SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ADULT MALE-RAT; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; DAMAGE; EXPRESSION; INJURY AB A universal cellular reaction to damage of the CNS is hypertrophy of astrocytes. The hallmark of this response, often termed 'reactive gliosis', is the enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). This latter observation suggests that increased synthesis of GFAP would occur in response to diverse neurotoxic insults. To investigate this possibility, prototype neurotoxicants were administered to experimental animals and the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP was determined by immunoassay. Assays of GFAP were found to reveal dose-, time- and region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity at toxicant dosages below those that cause light microscopic evidence of cell loss or damage. Moreover, the temporal and regional increments in GFAP correspond to the temporal and regional patterns of argyrophilia, as revealed by the cupric silver degeneration stain of de Olmos. Our findings indicate that assays of GFAP represent a sensitive, simple and quantitative approach for evaluation of nervous system damage. Combining this indirect yet quantitative indicator of neurotoxicity with more traditional neuroanatomical endpoints, should augment the armamentarium of techniques useful for detection and characterization of neurotoxicity. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU ONDIEH CDC HHS [ND-89-4] NR 49 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0197-0186 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00106-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA QL609 UT WOS:A1995QL60900003 PM 7599532 ER PT J AU BOLGRIEN, DW GRANIN, NG LEVIN, L AF BOLGRIEN, DW GRANIN, NG LEVIN, L TI SURFACE-TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS OF LAKE BAIKAL OBSERVED FROM AVHRR IMAGES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MICHIGAN AB Satellite data are important in understanding the relationship between hydrodynamics and biological productivity in a large lake ecosystem. This was demonstrated using NOAA AVHRR, and in situ temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence data to describe the seasonal temperature cycle and distribution of algal biomass in Lake Baikal (Russia). Features such as ice cover, thermal fronts, and the dispersion of river water were described in a series of images from 1990 and 1991. The northern basin retained ice cover until the end of May. In June, thermal fronts extending <10 km from shore were observed to be associated with shallows, bays, and rivers. Offshore surface temperatures in the northern basin did not exceed 4 degrees C until late June-early July. The southern and middle basins warmed more quickly than the northern basin. In situ data showed phytoplankton concentrations to be low off-shore and high near thermal fronts. The Selenga River, the largest tributary of Lake Baikal, supplied warm water and nutrients which contributed to localized increases in chlorophyll fluorescence. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST LIMNOL,IRKUTSK 664033,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST BIOPHYS,KRASNOYARSK,RUSSIA. RP BOLGRIEN, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM REMOTE SENSING LAB,NATL RES COUNCIL,944 E HARMON AVE,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TB089 UT WOS:A1995TB08900010 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, BD AF SOLOMON, BD TI INDUSTRIAL DECISION-MAKING AND HIGH-RISK TECHNOLOGY - SITING NUCLEAR-POWER FACILITIES IN THE USSR - DODD,CK SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Book Review RP SOLOMON, BD (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 47 IS 1 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Geography SC Geography GA QK316 UT WOS:A1995QK31600018 ER PT J AU REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH AF REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH TI A REBUTTAL TO TOBACCO INDUSTRY CRITICISM OF AN ENFORCEABLE INDOOR AIR-QUALITY STANDARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter DE ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE ID PASSIVE SMOKING; LUNG-CANCER; NICOTINE CONTENT; EXPOSURE; RISK; VEGETABLES; MORTALITY; COTININE; HEALTH C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP REPACE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00087.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA QR026 UT WOS:A1995QR02600003 ER PT J AU JINOT, J BAYARD, S AF JINOT, J BAYARD, S TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE - SCIENCE VS RHETORIC SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PASSIVE SMOKING; LUNG CANCER; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE; RESPIRATORY EFFECTS ID PASSIVE SMOKING; NONSMOKING WOMEN; URINARY COTININE; LUNG-CANCER; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA AB After an extensive review and analysis of the scientific evidence on the respiratory health effects of passive smoking, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that environmental tobacco smoke causes lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and increases the risk of a variety of noncancer respiratory disorders, especially in children. This article is a response to claims in Dr. Gio Gori's article ''Policy Against Science: The Case of Environmental Tobacco Smoke,'' appearing in the same issue of this journal, that such conclusions are unwarranted. This response focuses only on the respiratory health effects of environmental tobacco smoke. RP JINOT, J (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00096.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA QR026 UT WOS:A1995QR02600012 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP KOERPER, GJ HARMON, ME LEE, JJ AF TURNER, DP KOERPER, GJ HARMON, ME LEE, JJ TI CARBON SEQUESTRATION BY FORESTS OF THE UNITED-STATES - CURRENT STATUS AND PROJECTIONS TO THE YEAR 2040 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Atmospheric CO(2) International Conference CY SEP 13-17, 1993 CL CARQUEIRANNE, FRANCE SP World Meteorol Org, Minist Enseignement Super & Rech, Minist Environnement, Meteo France, IFREMER, EdF, CNRS ID STORAGE; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE; SINKS AB National-level forest carbon budgets are of interest in relation to understanding the global carbon cycle, comparing anthropogenic and biogenic sources of carbon, and developing possible strategies for conserving and sequestering carbon. In this study, forest carbon pools and flux for timberlands in the conterminous United States were projected over the coming 50 years by coupling a forest economics model, a forest inventory model and a forest carbon model. In the base case scenario, US forests sequestered carbon in the 1990s at a rate of 80 Tg yr(-1) but came close to carbon equilibrium by the 2020s. The dominant factors driving this change were an increasing forest harvest, a decreasing forest land base, and a reduction in average stand age. Scenarios in which alternative forest policy options were implemented related to increased paper recycling and increased afforestation (5x10(6) ha) produced long-term increases in carbon sequestration on the forest land base of up to 15 Tg yr(-1). The carbon sink on the forest land base currently offsets 6% of US fossil carbon emissions but that proportion is likely to decrease over the coming decades. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB-APR PY 1995 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue1.19.x PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD079 UT WOS:A1995RD07900019 ER PT J AU JANKOWSKI, MA URIUHARE, JY RUCKER, RB ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL AF JANKOWSKI, MA URIUHARE, JY RUCKER, RB ROGERS, JM KEEN, CL TI MATERNAL ZINC-DEFICIENCY, BUT NOT COPPER DEFICIENCY OR DIABETES, RESULTS IN INCREASED EMBRYONIC-CELL DEATH IN THE RAT - IMPLICATIONS FOR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; TERATOGENICITY; TISSUE AB The mechanisms underlying the teratogenicity of maternal copper deficiency, zinc deficiency, and diabetes are largely unknown. Here we investigated whether these insults are associated with altered patterns of cell death In gestation day (GD) 11.0 rat embryos. Four weeks prior to mating, rats in the copper-deficient group (CuD) were fed a copper-deficient diet supplemented with the chelator, triethylenetetramine, to facilitate the depletion of tissue copper stores. Rats in this group were switched to a triethylenetetramine-free copper-deficient diet 1 week prior to mating. Dams in the diabetic and control groups were fed a control (8 mu g copper, 25 mu g zinc/g) diet throughout the study. On GD 3.0, one subset of the control dams was assigned to the zinc-deficient group (ZnD) and fed a zinc-deficient diet. A second subset of control dams was assigned to a restricted fed group and fed the control diet in quantities consumed by the zinc-deficient dams. Litters were taken by cesarean section on GD 11.0. Embryos were examined for gross morphology and assessed for patterns of cell death using Nile blue sulfate. Embryos from the CuD dams were characterized by edematous hindbrain. Embryos from the diabetic group were characterized by delayed development. Altered patterns of cell death were only detected in embryos from the ZnD dams. Within the ZnD group, embryos were either characterized by small size, edematous head region, and control patterns of cell death, or normal size, normal morphology, and increased cell death. These different patterns of morphology and cell death in the embryos of ZnD dams were associated with different patterns of maternal food intake. These results support the concept that abnormal cell death may contribute to zinc deficiency-induced teratogenesis. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-26777, HD-01743] NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 51 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510207 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA QZ362 UT WOS:A1995QZ36200006 PM 7660326 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, HS SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J REIFE, A CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS AF FREEMAN, HS SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J REIFE, A CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS TI SYNTHESIZING PREMETALLIZED ACID DYES BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE DYE SYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENT; FE COMPLEX DYES; MONOAZO DYES; NYLON; WOOL ID WOOL AB As part of a continuing research program aimed at plausible approaches to synthetic dyes based on toxicological considerations, a group of premetallized iron complexed monoazo dyes were synthesized as potential alternatives to presently used high volume Cr-and Co- containing monoazo acid dyes for nylon and wool. This approach takes advantage of the environmentally friendly property of Fe, and draws from the established utility of Fe complexes as brown dyes for certain protein substrates. This investigation has led us to two black Fe complexes having fastness properties comparable to the Cr analogs on both wool and nylon. In addition, we report results from in vitro testing of the Fe complexes for genotoxicity. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP FREEMAN, HS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT TEXT CHEM,POB 8301,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA QG623 UT WOS:A1995QG62300003 ER PT J AU DILIBERTO, JJ AKUBUE, PI LUEBKE, RW BIRNBAUM, LS AF DILIBERTO, JJ AKUBUE, PI LUEBKE, RW BIRNBAUM, LS TI DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS OF TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND INDUCTION OF CYP1A1 AND CYP1A2 ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES FOLLOWING ACUTE EXPOSURE TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) IN MICE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL GENE-PRODUCTS; GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTER; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; AH RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P-450D; CANCER MORTALITY; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; MOUSE-LIVER; EXCRETION; RAT AB Tissue disposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to be dose-dependent in rats. However, no reported studies in mice have demonstrated dose- and time-dependent distribution of TCDD and the potential sensitivities of target tissues to enzyme induction. The objectives of this study were to determine in mice the effects of dose (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mu g [H-3]TCDD/kg) and time (7, 14, 21, and 35 days posttreatment) on tissue distribution (18 tissues) and enzyme induction (CYP1A1 in liver, skin, and lung and CYP1A2 in liver). Distribution of TCDD-derived radioactivity in all tissues was dose- and time-dependent with nonlinear distribution. Liver-to-adipose tissue concentration ratios range from 0.6 to 3.1 (low to high dose at Day 7) demonstrating a dose-dependent shift in the disposition of TCDD. In contrast to liver, relative concentrations of percentage dose/g and percentage dose/total tissue decreased with increasing doses in all other tissues. At Day 7 and lowest dose, all tissues contained <3% dose/g except for thyroid, adrenals, skin, liver, and adipose tissue which had 3, 6, 6, 15, and 24% dose/g, respectively. Induction of EROD activity, a marker for CYP1A1, was dose-dependent in liver, lung, and skin but did not parallel tissue concentrations of TCDD. At the highest dose, fold induction of EROD activity was two times greater in lung than liver, while the concentration in liver was 100 times greater than that in lung. Fold inductions of EROD activity in liver and skin were similar but the concentration was 20 times greater in liver than that in skin. Induction of hepatic acetanilide-4-hydroxylase (ACOH) activity, a CYP1A2 marker, was dose-dependent. Results of the present study demonstrated dose and time dependency in tissue distribution and induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 as well as tissue sensitivities for enzyme induction in the female B6C3F1 mouse. These results provide important considerations for high- to low-dose extrapolations in risk assessments and use of sensitive markers of enzyme induction as surrogates for estimating exposure and in predicting risk. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP DILIBERTO, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,PKB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 61 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 130 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1025 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QK939 UT WOS:A1995QK93900003 PM 7871533 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE KLINEFELTER, G KELCE, W LASKEY, J OSTBY, J EWING, L AF GRAY, LE KLINEFELTER, G KELCE, W LASKEY, J OSTBY, J EWING, L TI HAMSTER LEYDIG-CELLS ARE LESS SENSITIVE TO ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE WHEN COMPARED TO RAT LEYDIG-CELLS BOTH IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE DIMETHANESULFONATE; GUINEA-PIG; ADULT-RATS; TESTIS; TESTOSTERONE; INVITRO AB It has been reported that ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS) is a Leydig cell toxicant that affects rats and hamsters (Kerr et al., 1987), while, in contrast, the Leydig cells of mice are relatively insensitive to the toxicant. In the rat, there is a rapid decline in levels of testosterone (T) within hours after EDS administration. However, T production, spermiogenesis, and fertility are restored within a few weeks as new Leydig cells are formed from undifferentiated cells in the interstitium of the testis. In an earlier study, we found, as expected, that ejaculated sperm counts (ESCs) reached a nadir 10 days after adult rats were dosed with EDS at 65 mg/kg ip along with serum and testicular T, testis and seminal vesicle weights, and in vitro T production, while, in contrast, EDS at 65 mg/kg had no effect on these endpoints in the Syrian hamster (Gray et al., 1992). In the current study, when EDS was administered to 6, 12, and 18 month old hamsters at 100 mg/kg, it produced subtle effects on serum T and sex accessory gland weights, while dramatic effects were seen in similarly exposed rats. In addition, when testes were examined by light microscopy all treated rats displayed severely reduced Leydig cell numbers, while, in contrast, only one-third of the EDS-treated hamsters were affected, having moderately reduced Leydig cell numbers. In support of the histological data, 3 beta-HSD enzyme activity was reduced by 99% of control in EDS-treated rats, but it was reduced by only 35% of control in EDS-treated hamsters. An in vitro analysis of the effects of EDS on LH-stimulated T production by quartered testes demonstrated that the hamster testis was less sensitive to the direct effects of EDS than the rat testis. The IC50 after 3 hr in culture was greater than 1800 mu g EDS/ml for the hamster quarter testes, while the IC50 for the rat quarter testes was 320 mu g EDS/ml. In summary, these results demonstrate in vivo and in vitro that Leydig cells of hamsters are less sensitive to EDS than those of the adult rat. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DTD,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,DEV REPROD BIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 130 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1030 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QK939 UT WOS:A1995QK93900008 PM 7871538 ER PT J AU DVONCH, JT VETTE, AF KEELER, GJ EVANS, G STEVENS, R AF DVONCH, JT VETTE, AF KEELER, GJ EVANS, G STEVENS, R TI AN INTENSIVE MULTISITE PILOT-STUDY INVESTIGATING ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY IN BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA ID GOLD AB An intensive multi-site pilot study of atmospheric Hg was conducted in Broward County, Florida in August and September of 1993. Broward County, which contains the city of Fort Lauderdale, is located in southeastern Florida. The county borders the Florida Everglades on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. A network of four sampling sites was set up for 20 days throughout Broward County to measure Hg in both the vapor phase and the particle phase as well as Hg in precipitation. The mean concentrations of total vapor phase Hg measured at two inland sites were found to be significantly higher (3.3 and 2.8 ng/m(3)) than that measured at a site located on the Atlantic shore (1.8 ng/m(3)). The mean concentrations of particle phase Hg collected at the two inland sites (51 and 49 pg/m(3)) were found to be 50% greater than that measured at the coastal site (34 pg/m(3)). In addition, event precipitation samples were collected at four sampling sites over the 20 day study period and were analyzed for both reactive and total Hg. The mean concentration of total Hg in the precipitation samples was found to be 44 ng/L, with a range of 14 to 130 ng/L. It was determined that further meteorological analysis and a more complete characterization of the aerosol and precipitation composition are needed to identify the probable source(s) contributing to the increased deposition of Hg. C1 US EPA,AREAL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP DVONCH, JT (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,AIR QUAL LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF01189665 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200020 ER PT J AU LANDERS, DH FORD, J GUBALA, C MONETTI, M LASORSA, BK MARTINSON, J AF LANDERS, DH FORD, J GUBALA, C MONETTI, M LASORSA, BK MARTINSON, J TI MERCURY IN VEGETATION AND LAKE-SEDIMENTS FROM THE US ARCTIC SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA ID METHYLMERCURY; FISH; ACIDIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTANTS; DEPOSITION; PENINSULA; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; METALS AB Global atmospheric concentrations of mercury (Hg) appear to be increasing and with it the potential for ecosystem exposure and ecological effects. From 1990 to 1993 we examined U. S. arctic ecosystems over a broad spatial scale to develop baseline information on current concentrations of trace elements, heavy metals (including Hg), persistent organic compounds, and radionuclides in various components of the terrestrial and freshwater biosphere. Matrices reported here include, vegetation (lichens and mosses) and lake sediments. Total Hg in two lichen and two moss species from Alaska were generally low (0.02 - 0.112 mu g/g dw), compared to reported values from other arctic locations and showed a statistically significant negative relationship between total Hg content and distance from the marine coastline. (210)pb dated sediment cores indicated that average preindustrial total Hg accumulation rates were over four times greater in acetic Schrader lake than in subarctic Wonder Lake, Both lakes indicated a small increase (5 - 8%) in total Hg flux to the sediments during the last 145 years, much smaller than similar increases in total mercury for lakes in the north central U. S. The likely source of recent increases in Hg in these Alaskan ecosystems is long range atmospheric transport. While we can detect increases in mercury in lake sediments likely due to anthropogenic activities, values are low and there appears to be no immediate threat to terrestrial environments and inland freshwaters of arctic Alaska from long range atmospheric transport and deposition of Hg. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, CORVALLIS, OR USA. DEPT ENERGY, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, SEQUIM, WA USA. TAI, CINCINNATI, OH USA. RP LANDERS, DH (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 591 EP 601 DI 10.1007/BF01189711 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200066 ER PT J AU STOBER, QJ JONES, RD SCHEIDT, DJ AF STOBER, QJ JONES, RD SCHEIDT, DJ TI ULTRA-TRACE LEVEL MERCURY IN THE EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEM, A MULTIMEDIA CANAL PILOT-STUDY SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The Florida Everglades ecosystem is composed of the largest deposit (9600 km(2)) of near neutral peat in the world extending south of Lake Okeechobee to Florida Bay. The federal Central and South Florida Flood Control Project (C-and-SF) has sectioned the historic Everglades with a system of canals and levees to control water for urban and agricultural development, resulting in pronounced hydrologic modifications to the natural system. As a part of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment of mercury (Hg) contamination in the Everglades ecosystem, a pilot study of canals was initiated in September 1993 to determine the extent and magnitude of total (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) in water, sediment and fish. A probability-based random sampling grid was used to obtain consistent estimates of Hg contamination over this large geographic area. Two hundred canal sampling locations were selected as probability samples by associating grid points on the sampling frame with specific canal sections for independent sampling cycles. Of this number 50 locations were randomly selected for sampling in this pilot study. The selected canal points were sampled from north to south during a six day period. Cumulative distributions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and used to determine a canal system median concentration for selected water, sediment and fish constituents. The percent exceedance of each median, by hydrologic subarea, was determined to demonstrate the existence and direction of spatial gradients in the system. North to south (high to low) gradients were apparent for total phosphorus (TP), sulfate (SO4), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), conductance, HgT and MeHg in water. However, the gradients were reversed from south to north for HgT in sediments and fish (Gambusia sp.) The greatest Hg concentrations in Gambusia sp. occurred in the same canals where largemouth bass had previously been found to be most contaminated. C1 FLORIDA INT UNIV,SE ENVIRONM RES PROGRAM,MIAMI,FL 33199. US EPA,DIV WATER MANAGEMENT,REG 4,ATHENS,GA 30601. RP STOBER, QJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,REG 4,ATHENS,GA 30601, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 991 EP 1001 DI 10.1007/BF01189753 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200108 ER PT J AU SHELL, KJ ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L AF SHELL, KJ ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L TI A MULTIMEDIA APPROACH TO PERMITTING MERCURY RELEASES FROM COAL-FIRED POWER-PLANTS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Atmospher Environm Serv, Frontier Geosci, Hlth Canada, Ontario Hydro, Dept Environm Protect, Florida, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, US FDA AB The current approach taken by many regulators in protecting the environment involves limiting the emission of pollutants to specific media (land, air, and water) through a permit. These ''single media'' permits do not take into account the mobility of pollutants, such as Hg, once they enter the environment, nor do they provide the regulated community with incentives to adopt pollution prevention practices. This paper explores multi-media permitting to limit coal-fired power plant releases of Hg; a pollutant that poses significant risk to human health and the environment. Power plant Hg emissions are a function of fuel, combustion regime and emission treatment. The approach presented is based on consideration of the Hg concentrations in various power plant emissions and the regulations governing these emissions. Multi-media permit development involves conducting a mass balance for Hg across the facility. Where pollution prevention is not an option, the permit should act to transfer the Hg to the waste stream in which it presents the least risk to human health and ecosystems. Development of cross-program risk based regulations is also stressed. RP SHELL, KJ (reprint author), US EPA,REGION 4,ATLANTA,GA 30365, USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1007/BF01189778 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RM442 UT WOS:A1995RM44200133 ER PT J AU CERMINARA, PJ SORIAL, GA PAPADIMAS, SP SUIDAN, MT MOTELEB, MA SPETH, TF AF CERMINARA, PJ SORIAL, GA PAPADIMAS, SP SUIDAN, MT MOTELEB, MA SPETH, TF TI EFFECT OF INFLUENT OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE GAC ADSORPTION OF VOCS IN THE PRESENCE OF BOM SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ACTIVATED CARBON; RSSCT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; BACKGROUND ORGANIC MATTER; OXIC; ANOXIC; CONGLOMERATION; ADSORPTION ID ACTIVATED CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; CAPACITY; DESIGN; TESTS AB Two rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) were conducted in combination with a large column adsorber to determine if the small columns could predict the performance of a large column. The adsorbate solution consisted of three volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in the presence of background organic matter (BOM). Landfill leachate was used as the BOM source. Dissolved molecular oxygen was used as a parametric viriable in the column studies to determine its influence on the breakthrough behavior of the adsorbate solution. The RSSCT, designed according to the assumption of no dependency of the intraparticle surface diffusion coefficient on the activated carbon particle size, accurately predicted the performance of the large column under anoxic conditions (absence of molecular oxygen), but failed to predict its performance under ambient (8 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen) or oxic conditions (30 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen). The RSSCT, designed according to the assumption of a linear dependency of the intraparticle surface diffusion coefficient on the activated carbon particle size, accurately predicted the performance of the large column under oxic and ambient conditions, but failed to predict its performance under anoxic conditions. The presence of molecular oxygen in the test environment resulted in an increased adsorption of the BOM on the GAC surface, which in turn, decreased the capacity of the VOCs due to competitive effects. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00185-A PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QB747 UT WOS:A1995QB74700003 ER PT J AU WARTA, CL PAPADIMAS, SP SORIAL, GA SUIDAN, MT SPETH, TF AF WARTA, CL PAPADIMAS, SP SORIAL, GA SUIDAN, MT SPETH, TF TI THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR-OXYGEN ON THE ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION OF NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER IN OHIO RIVER WATER SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS; MOLECULAR OXYGEN; NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; OHIO RIVER WATER ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; PREDICTION; CAPACITY; EQUILIBRIA; ISOTHERMS; ADSORBERS; MIXTURES; DESIGN AB Recently published data show that the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon for phenols increases significantly in the presence of molecular oxygen (Vidic, Suidan, Traegner and Nakhla, 1990). In this study, the effect of molecular oxygen on the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for the natural organic matter present in Ohio River water was investigated. This source of natural organic matter was selected because it is a natural surface water and represents Cincinnati's main drinking water supply. Isotherm studies using pulverized activated carbon were conducted during the first week of each month of the year 1992. Adsorption isotherms were conducted on water from two stages of treatment (raw water directly pumped from the Ohio River and settled water from the California Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Cincinnati, Ohio). Investigations were conducted in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen. An appreciable increase in the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for natural organic matter was noticed when molecular oxygen was present in the test environment. The adsorption isotherms were further described by fractionating the unknown matrix into a non adsorbable fraction and four fictive components of different adsorbabilities. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00172-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QB747 UT WOS:A1995QB74700020 ER PT J AU LARSEN, DP URQUHART, NS KUGLER, DL AF LARSEN, DP URQUHART, NS KUGLER, DL TI REGIONAL-SCALE TREND MONITORING OF INDICATORS OF TROPHIC CONDITION OF LAKES SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE TROPHIC CONDITION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; MODELING STATISTICS; POLLUTION MODELING; MONITORING DESIGN; SURFACE WATER CONDITION; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY MONITORING; WATER RESOURCES PLANNING; WATER QUALITY TREND DETECTION ID QUALITY TIME-SERIES; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOSPHORUS; DESIGN; TESTS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; PATTERNS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a sample survey design to answer questions about the ecological condition and trends in condition of U.S. ecological resources. To meet the objectives, the design relies on a probability sample of the resource population of interest (e.g., a random sample of lakes) each year on which measurements are made during an index period. Natural spatial and temporal variability and variability in the sampling process all affect the ability to describe the status of a population and the sensitivity for trend detection. We describe the important components of variance and estimate their magnitude for indicators of trophic condition of lakes to illustrate the process. We also describe models for trend detection and use them to demonstrate the sensitivity of the proposed design to detect trends. if the variance structure that develops during the probability surveys is like that synthesized from available databases and the literature, then the trends in common indicators of trophic condition of the specified magnitude should be detectable within about a decade for Secchi disk transparency (0.5-1 percent/year) and total phosphorus (2-3 percent/year), but not for chlorophyll-a (> 3-4 percent/year), which will take longer. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LARSEN, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 117 EP 140 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QM597 UT WOS:A1995QM59700014 ER PT J AU HIATT, MH FARR, CM AF HIATT, MH FARR, CM TI VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND DETERMINATIONS USING SURROGATE-BASED CORRECTION FOR METHOD AND MATRIX EFFECTS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS AB The principal properties related to analyte recovery in a vacuum distillate are boiling point and relative volatility. The basis for selecting compounds to measure the relationship between these properties and recovery for a vacuum distillation is presented. Surrogates are incorporated into samples, and their recoveries are shown to accurately predict experimental recoveries of other analytes. The accuracy of the surrogate-based recovery predictions, as compared with experimental results, typically exceeds 95% for water and soil test samples and can be used to correct analytical results for matrix effects. RP HIATT, MH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 2 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1021/ac00098a031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QC081 UT WOS:A1995QC08100031 ER PT J AU FORD, J LANDERS, D KUGLER, D LASORSA, B ALLENGIL, S CRECELIUS, E MARTINSON, J AF FORD, J LANDERS, D KUGLER, D LASORSA, B ALLENGIL, S CRECELIUS, E MARTINSON, J TI INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN ARCTIC ALASKAN ECOSYSTEMS - LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT OR LOCAL POINT SOURCES SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecological Effects of Arctic Airborne Contaminants CY OCT 04-08, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP US EPA, NORDIC COUNCIL MINISTERS, ICELAND MINST ENVIRONM, NORDIC AIR & OCEAN GRP, INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA ARCTIC ENVIRONM STRATEGY, US DEPT STATE, USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, NATL SCI FDN US, DIV POLAR PROGRAMS, MINIST ENVIRONM, FINLAND, SWEDISH MINIST ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, UNIV ALASKA, GEOPHYS INST, FAIRBANKS DE ARCTIC; ALASKA; AIR POLLUTION; PB; CD; MOSS ID AIR-POLLUTION; HYLOCOMIUM-SPLENDENS; AEROSOL; METALS; HAZE AB The moss monitoring technique (Hylocomium splendens) for tracking environmental concentrations of atmospheric contaminants is applied to arctic Alaska, Median 1990-1992 concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, V, and Zn are less than or equal to median 1990 concentrations in northernmost parts of the Nordic/European monitoring network. Extremely low Pb concentrations (median, 0.6 mu g/g) indicate that long-range atmospheric transport (LRTAP) of Pb to arctic Alaskan ecosystems is neglible. However, samples taken adjacent to a local source point (the Dalton Highway) have elevated Pb, V, and Cu. Site-specific watershed studies indicate that natural within- and between-site variability does not affect the interpretation of our Alaskan data relative to the Nordic/European network for Pb, V and Cu. Variability is greater relative to regional data for Cd and Zn, but neither LRTAP nor the Dalton Highway appear to be significant contributors to local concentrations of Cd and Zn. Pilot studies of blueberries and other selected wildlife forage foods indicate that concentrations in H. splendens are generally comparable to those in a common caribou forage lichen, but that H. splendens may underestimate Cu and overestimate Pb, Hg, and in some cases Cd, relative to selected forage fruits. More studies of contaminants in arctic Alaskan forage foods are needed to characterize potential exposure of human and wildlife populations to airborne contaminants in this region. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. BATTELLE PACIFIC NW DIV, WASHINGTON, DC 98382 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, TAI, CINCINNATI, OH 45219 USA. RP FORD, J (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 160-61 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04366-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD143 UT WOS:A1995QD14300029 ER PT J AU GUBALA, CP LANDERS, DH MONETTI, M HEIT, M WADE, T LASORSA, B ALLENGIL, S AF GUBALA, CP LANDERS, DH MONETTI, M HEIT, M WADE, T LASORSA, B ALLENGIL, S TI THE RATES OF ACCUMULATION AND CHRONOLOGIES OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DERIVED POLLUTANTS IN ARCTIC ALASKA, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecological Effects of Arctic Airborne Contaminants CY OCT 04-08, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP US EPA, NORDIC COUNCIL MINISTERS, ICELAND MINST ENVIRONM, NORDIC AIR & OCEAN GRP, INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA ARCTIC ENVIRONM STRATEGY, US DEPT STATE, USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, NATL SCI FDN US, DIV POLAR PROGRAMS, MINIST ENVIRONM, FINLAND, SWEDISH MINIST ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, UNIV ALASKA, GEOPHYS INST, FAIRBANKS DE ACCUMULATION; POLLUTANTS; ALASKA ID AIR-POLLUTION; SEDIMENT; LAKE; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINANTS; SNOW AB Anthropogenically derived pollutants (e.g. trace metals, organochlorines, radionuclides) are deposited upon arctic ecosystems. To determine the range of probable biotic effects of these pollutants, one must know the rate at which they enter and are retained within an ecosystem. However, unknown deposition mechanisms and the complexity of quantifying atmospheric concentrations of constituents of interest make direct measurements of pollutant flux to arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems difficult and/or impractical. Methods of indirectly measuring rates of pollutant accumulation, such as lake sediment stratigraphic analyses, can fill this void. Present in the sediment of two Alaskan lakes sampled in April 1991. were quantifiable concentrations of numerous organochlorine compounds, including DDT and its metabolites (Sum, 0.05-0.60 ng/g), PCBs (Sum, 0.20-30 ng/g), and lindane (0.20-0.80 ng/g). These surface concentrations correspond to estimated deposition rates of 2-6 ng/m(2)/year (Sigma DDT + metabolites), 10-300 ng/m(2)/year (Sigma PCBs), and 8-10 ng/m(2)/year (lindane). The rates and chronologies of accumulation of these pollutants and others are discussed with regard to the process of long-range atmospheric transport. C1 US DOE, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEOCHEM ENVRIONM RES GRP, COLLEGE STN, TX USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, SEQUIM, WA, AUSTRALIA. OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP GUBALA, CP (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 160-61 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04368-B PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD143 UT WOS:A1995QD14300031 ER PT J AU WILSON, R ALLENGIL, S GRIFFIN, D LANDERS, D AF WILSON, R ALLENGIL, S GRIFFIN, D LANDERS, D TI ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN FISH FROM AN ARCTIC LAKE IN ALASKA, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecological Effects of Arctic Airborne Contaminants CY OCT 04-08, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP US EPA, NORDIC COUNCIL MINISTERS, ICELAND MINST ENVIRONM, NORDIC AIR & OCEAN GRP, INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA ARCTIC ENVIRONM STRATEGY, US DEPT STATE, USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, NATL SCI FDN US, DIV POLAR PROGRAMS, MINIST ENVIRONM, FINLAND, SWEDISH MINIST ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, UNIV ALASKA, GEOPHYS INST, FAIRBANKS DE BIOMAGNIFICATION; ARCTIC; ORGANOCHLORINE; CONTAMINANTS; FRESH-WATER; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; PCB ID MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CHLORDANE; TOXAPHENE; ECOSYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; DEPOSITION; CONGENERS; CANADA AB A wide range of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in muscle tissue and livers of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) from Schrader Lake in Arctic Alaska. Results confirm the long-range transport of these contaminants to a US Arctic freshwater system. The most abundant group of compounds in all tissues was composed of PCBs. Mean concentrations of the sum of a selected group of PCB congeners ranged from 3.2 ng/g in grayling liver to 22.8 ng/g in trout liver and from 1.3 ng/g in grayling muscle to 6.6 ng/g in trout muscle (wet wt.). The second most abundant group was composed of chlordane-related compounds. No significant correlations of organochlorine concentrations with fish weight or length were observed for the data set as a whole. There were marked differences in Sigma PCB, Sigma chlordane and p,p'-DDE concentrations between species. The biomagnification factors for these compounds are similar to ratios reported for other aquatic systems. Comparisons showed that contaminant concentrations in lake trout from Schrader Lake were similar to levels found in burbot and slightly higher than levels in whitefish reported in Canadian studies from the Mackenzie River Delta. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP WILSON, R (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 160-61 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04385-E PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD143 UT WOS:A1995QD14300048 PM 7892581 ER PT J AU LANDERS, DH BANGAY, G SISULA, H COLBORN, T LILJELUND, LE AF LANDERS, DH BANGAY, G SISULA, H COLBORN, T LILJELUND, LE TI AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS IN THE ARCTIC - WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecological Effects of Arctic Airborne Contaminants CY OCT 04-08, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP US EPA, NORDIC COUNCIL MINISTERS, ICELAND MINST ENVIRONM, NORDIC AIR & OCEAN GRP, INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA ARCTIC ENVIRONM STRATEGY, US DEPT STATE, USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, NATL SCI FDN US, DIV POLAR PROGRAMS, MINIST ENVIRONM, FINLAND, SWEDISH MINIST ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, UNIV ALASKA, GEOPHYS INST, FAIRBANKS DE ARCTIC; AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS; ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS; HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS; CLIMATE CHANGE AB Arctic contaminant research is expensive and current international resources are restricted. It is incumbent upon current and future Arctic research programs to focus efforts where the greatest and most relevant information can be gained. This paper is an attempt to help guide future work to focus on the most pressing information needs. The following several summary points relate to environmental research in the Arctic; some may also relate to environmental research outside the Arctic as well: The Arctic is a unique region, where continued scientific investigation of airborne contaminants promises to reveal issues of global significance regarding airborne contaminant distribution, the physical and chemical processes involved, and their ecological effects. Ecological studies, especially monitoring, require a continuous commitment over a substantial period of time. Funding agencies and researchers should plan for long-term studies that may require up to 10-15 years to demonstrate advances in our basic understanding of arctic contaminant science. Monitoring work may require even more time to verify changes. Arctic contaminant problems are multidisciplinary and the best chance of advancing our scientific information base is through interdisciplinary studies that are integrated from the start and that incorporate traditional knowledge. Human and ecological biomarkers and bioindicators should be developed that are sensitive, relatively inexpensive to measure, and broadly available. The most persistent and deleterious chemical contaminants should be controlled globally now; other chemicals should be substituted that have been adequately screened for their effects on the developing endocrine, immune, and nervous systems, as well as for traditional health endpoints. Early on in the process, indigenous people should be involved in the scientific studies and research findings should be communicated to them in a meaningful way. Finally, a word to scientists: do not wait for governments or policy makers to implement these recommendations. Each one of us can and must make our own, personal effort to harmonize our sampling and analytical methods, reporting, databases, analyses, and communications with colleagues at other institutions around the world. Only through continued cooperation and individual effort can we hope to be successful in providing pertinent environmental data on a circumarctic and global scale. C1 ENVIRONM CANADA, ECOSYST CONSERVAT DIRECTORATE, HULL, PQ K1A 0H4, CANADA. MINIST ENVIRONM, DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT, SF-00120 HELSINKI, FINLAND. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, SWEDISH MONITORING PROGRAM, S-17185 SOLNA, SWEDEN. RP LANDERS, DH (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 160-61 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04417-Y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD143 UT WOS:A1995QD14300080 ER PT J AU LANDERS, DH AF LANDERS, DH TI ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARCTIC AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS - A COLLECTION OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARCTIC AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS, REYKJAVIK, ICELAND, 4-8 OCTOBER 1993 - PREFACE SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP LANDERS, DH (reprint author), US EPA, CORVALLIS, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 160-61 BP R11 EP R12 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)90405-0 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD143 UT WOS:A1995QD14300001 ER PT B AU ELLESTAD, TG CLARKE, JF AF ELLESTAD, TG CLARKE, JF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Flux measurements of ozone and nitric acid at coastal and mid-continental sites SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 96 EP 99 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28J UT WOS:A1995BD28J00029 ER PT B AU CLARKE, JF ELLESTAD, TG FINKELSTEIN, PL EDGERTON, ES BOWSER, J AF CLARKE, JF ELLESTAD, TG FINKELSTEIN, PL EDGERTON, ES BOWSER, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Design and implementation of a transportable system for direct measurement of dry deposition fluxes SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 164 EP 167 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28J UT WOS:A1995BD28J00047 ER PT B AU Carlson, G Sanders, D Schmidt, D Snider, B Benson, R Eber, M AF Carlson, G Sanders, D Schmidt, D Snider, B Benson, R Eber, M BE Bullock, M Stolp, S Cox, J Moore, D Stigler, S TI Put in writing: Creating a ''contract'' or ''agreement'' between a self-managed team and it's management SO 1995 INTERNATIONAL CONFERNECE ON WORK TEAMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Work Teams CY SEP 27-29, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP GTE Directories Corp, AT&T Power Syst, Univ N Texas AB When an organization begins using the Self-Managed Team (SMT) concept, problems may arise. One of the most difficult problems is how management and teams communicate their expectations and commitments to each other. If this information is not effectively communicated, the result may be misunderstandings, misperceptions and loss of trust. This can cause a range of negative impacts on the team, from loss of productivity to a complete breakdown of the Self-Managed Team concept. This paper discusses the development of a ''Contract'' or ''Agreement,'' a communication method successfully used by a mature Self-Managed team, the Public Water Supply Program team at the US Environmental Protection Agency in Denver, CO. ''Real-life happenings'' of the team and its management as they developed their first Agreement are discussed. C1 US EPA,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH TEXAS INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTER STUDY WORK TEAMS PI DENTON PA PO BOX 13587, DENTON, TX 76203-6587 PY 1995 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Management SC Business & Economics GA BH69D UT WOS:A1995BH69D00023 ER PT S AU BARNWELL, TO BOUCHARD, DC AMBROSE, RB DISNEY, DW AF BARNWELL, TO BOUCHARD, DC AMBROSE, RB DISNEY, DW GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE AT THE UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYS CENTER FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING SO 1995 INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 International Environmental Conference CY MAY 07-10, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP USDA FOREST SERV, EU CE PA, TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-936-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1995 BP 347 EP 361 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BD08M UT WOS:A1995BD08M00037 ER PT J AU NUNEZ, C MCMINN, B VITAS, J AF NUNEZ, C MCMINN, B VITAS, J TI BARRIERS TO THE USE OF RADIATION-CURABLE ADHESIVES IN MANUFACTURING SO ADHESIVES AGE LA English DT Article C1 TRC ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP NUNEZ, C (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARGUS BUSINESS PI PITTSFIELD PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830 SN 0001-821X J9 ADHES AGE JI Adhes. Age PD JAN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 33 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QA337 UT WOS:A1995QA33700015 ER PT J AU DOYLE, JD STOTZKY, G MCCLUNG, G HENDRICKS, CW AF DOYLE, JD STOTZKY, G MCCLUNG, G HENDRICKS, CW TI EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS AND PROCESSES IN NATURAL HABITATS SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 40 SE ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SOIL-CORE MICROCOSMS; AQUATIC SEDIMENT MICROCOSMS; MEDIATED ECOLOGIC PROCESSES; CUTWORM PERIDROMA-SAUCIA; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEM; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS C1 NYU,DEPT BIOL,MICROBIAL ECOL LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10003. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP DOYLE, JD (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 183 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2164 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv.Appl.Microbiol. PY 1995 VL 40 BP 237 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70366-6 PG 51 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BD51H UT WOS:A1995BD51H00005 PM 7604738 ER PT B AU WALKER, JM AF WALKER, JM BE Karlen, DL Wright, RJ Kemper, WO TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCYS ROLES IN WASTE UTILIZATION - THE NEED FOR PARTNERSHIP SO AGRICULTURE UTILIZATION OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS SE ASA SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture Utilization of Urban and Industrial By-Products CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soil Sci Soc Amer, Div S6, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Div S7, Amer Soc Agron, Div A5 C1 US EPA,MUNICIPAL TECHNOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-123-7 J9 ASA SPEC P PY 1995 IS 58 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD15X UT WOS:A1995BD15X00002 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK SELEVAN, SG SEXTON, K AF WAGENER, DK SELEVAN, SG SEXTON, K TI THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN EXPOSURE INFORMATION - A NEED FOR EXPOSURE-RELATED DATA-BASES TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE PUBLIC-HEALTH SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; DATA COLLECTION AB As a subfield of public health, environmental health is concerned with evaluating and ameliorating the effects of people on the environment and the effects of the environment on people. Separating hazards from risks, and characterizing the magnitude, likelihood, and uncertainty of risks is at the heart of environmental health in the 1990s. To this end, a full range of data is needed, including data that characterize the distribution of hazards, the population potentially at risk, and the contact between people and pollution that creates the risk. Several government-sponsored data systems contain information on a range of exposure estimators. The challenge is to develop meaningful, properly validated models to identify public health needs and evaluate public health programs. C1 US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1995 VL 16 BP 105 EP 121 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ046 UT WOS:A1995QZ04600007 PM 7639866 ER PT J AU RICE, EW MESSER, JW JOHNSON, CH REASONER, DJ AF RICE, EW MESSER, JW JOHNSON, CH REASONER, DJ TI OCCURRENCE OF HIGH-LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATES OF ENTEROCOCCI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FAECALIS; FAECIUM AB High-level resistance to aminoglycosides was observed in environmental isolates of enterococci. Various aquatic habitats, including agricultural runoff, creeks, rivers, wastewater, and wells, were analyzed. Strains of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, and other Enterococcus spp. demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance patterns to aminoglycosides. C1 US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 374 EP 376 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PY867 UT WOS:A1995PY86700062 PM 7887619 ER PT B AU Hutchins, SR Miller, DE Beck, FP Thomas, A Williams, SE Willis, GD AF Hutchins, SR Miller, DE Beck, FP Thomas, A Williams, SE Willis, GD BE Hinchee, RE Kittel, JA Reisinger, HJ TI Nitrate-based bioremediation of JP-4 jet fuel: Pilot-scale demonstration SO APPLIED BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-007-1 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 6 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31T UT WOS:A1995BG31T00014 ER PT B AU Hutchins, SR Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH AF Hutchins, SR Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH BE Hinchee, RE Kittel, JA Reisinger, HJ TI In situ bioremediation of a pipeline spill using nitrate as the electron acceptor SO APPLIED BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-007-1 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 6 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31T UT WOS:A1995BG31T00016 ER PT J AU FUNK, DJ OLDENBORG, RC DAYTON, DP LACOSSE, JP DRAVES, JA LOGAN, TJ AF FUNK, DJ OLDENBORG, RC DAYTON, DP LACOSSE, JP DRAVES, JA LOGAN, TJ TI GAS-PHASE ABSORPTION AND LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF REPRESENTATIVE POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND A POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE DIOXINS; FURANS; FLUORESCENCE; ULTRAVIOLET; VAPOR PHASE ID ACCEPTOR PROPERTIES; HETERO-DERIVATIVES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC STATES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; BENZOPYRENE; DIHYDROANTHRACENE; CARBAZOLE; FLUORENE; SPECTRA AB Dioxins and furans are believed to be among the most toxic chemicals known to man. The presence of these compounds in the emission gases of municipal solid waste incinerators and other combustion sources has raised debate over the location and the ultimate utility of incineration as an approach to waste management. Current methods used to measure dioxins and furans in combustion source emissions do not provide the real-time monitoring necessary to track average incinerator performance or upset emission levels. A study to design and develop a laser-induced fluorescence/continuous emission monitoring system to detect and quantify these compounds is being conducted. This paper reports the results of the study to date. Vapor-phase ultraviolet absorption spectra, absorption cross sections, and laser-induced fluorescence profiles are presented for three dioxins and two furans. These spectral data are needed for initial design and evaluation of the laser-induced fluorescence/continuous emission monitoring system approach. C1 RADIAN CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV CENT ARKANSAS,CONWAY,AR 72032. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1366/0003702953963238 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA QF283 UT WOS:A1995QF28300019 ER PT S AU ZEPP, RG RITMILLER, LF AF ZEPP, RG RITMILLER, LF BE Huang, CP OMelia, CR Morgan, JJ TI PHOTOREACTIONS PROVIDING SINKS AND SOURCES OF HALOCARBONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SO AQUATIC CHEMISTRY: INTERFACIAL AND INTERSPECIES PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aquatic Chemistry - Interfacial and Interspecies Processes, at the 203rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM INC ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED HUMIC MATERIALS; NATURAL-WATERS; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMISTRY; ACID; PHOTOPRODUCTION AB This chapter discusses laboratory and field studies used to test concepts and develop mathematical relationships that describe photochemical reactions providing sinks or sources for halocarbons in aquatic environments. Photochemical sinks involve direct photoreactions of aromatic halocarbons and photoredox reactions between halocarbons and natural substances. Direct photoreactions of halogenated aromatic compounds involve dehalogenation through photohydrolysis and other reactions. Reductive dehalogenation of certain halocarbons is enhanced through their sorption to natural organic matter (NOM). Possible mechanisms for the enhancement include reduction mediated by photoejected electrons, NOM excited states, or complexes. Sources of halocarbons in the sea may include haloperoxidase-catalyzed reactions between photochemically produced H2O2 and NOM or reactions involving photochemically produced halide radicals. RP ZEPP, RG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2921-X J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1995 VL 244 BP 253 EP 278 DI 10.1021/ba-1995-0244.ch013 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BC44Q UT WOS:A1995BC44Q00013 ER PT J AU LEONARD, EN MATTSON, VR ANKLEY, GT AF LEONARD, EN MATTSON, VR ANKLEY, GT TI HORIZON-SPECIFIC OXIDATION OF ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE IN RELATION TO THE TOXICITY OF CADMIUM SPIKED INTO A FRESH-WATER SEDIMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; NICKEL; SULFUR AB The effects of oxidative processes on acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations in various horizons of whole sediment cores were evaluated in relation to the toxicity of a metal (cadmium). An artificial system was used to ''age'' cadmium-spiked sediment samples under a constant flow of fresh Lake Superior water. Sediments from Pequaywan Lake, Minnesota (12 mu mol AVS/g) were spiked to achieve (nominal) cadmium:AVS molar ratios of 0.02 (control), 0.2, 0.8, 1.2, and 3.0. At 0, 24, and 48 days post-spiking, sediment cores were removed from the aging system and tested for toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. At the same time, horizons from replicate sediment cores were prepared for analysis by freezing, and then cutting them into 10-20 mm increments. The sediment horizons were analyzed for AVS and simultaneously extracted cadmium concentrations, and pore water concentrations of cadmium. Relatively little oxidation of surficial AVS concentrations was observed, even at aging times up to 48 d. By 48 d, pore water concentrations of cadmium were slightly elevated at all spiking concentrations, but were increased greatly at cadmium:AVS ratios greater than one. Hyalella azteca mortality was generally predictable based on surficial cadmium:AVS ratios or pore water cadmium concentrations. RP LEONARD, EN (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PZ090 UT WOS:A1995PZ09000012 ER PT B AU Gage, CL AF Gage, CL GP ASHRAE TI Field usage and its impact on energy consumption of refrigerator/freezers SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1995, VOL 101, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers , Inc CY JUN 24-28, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP ASHRAE C1 US EPA,AIR POLLUT PREVENT & CONTROL DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1995 VL 101 BP 1201 EP 1210 PN 2 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BG23S UT WOS:A1995BG23S00110 ER PT B AU Venosa, AD Suidan, MT Haines, JR Wrenn, BA Strohmeier, KL Eberhart, BL Kadkhodayan, M Holder, E King, D Anderson, B AF Venosa, AD Suidan, MT Haines, JR Wrenn, BA Strohmeier, KL Eberhart, BL Kadkhodayan, M Holder, E King, D Anderson, B BE Hinchee, RE Fredrickson, J Alleman, BC TI Field bioremediation study: Spilled crude oil on Fowler Beach, Delaware SO BIOAUGMENTATION FOR SITE REMEDIATION SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-004-7 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 3 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31Q UT WOS:A1995BG31Q00005 ER PT J AU James, RR Shaffer, BT Croft, B Lighthart, B AF James, RR Shaffer, BT Croft, B Lighthart, B TI Field evaluation of Beauveria bassiana: Its persistence and effects on the pea aphid and a non-target coccinellid in alfalfa SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial pesticide; insect pathogen; Acyrthosiphon pisum; Hippodamia convergens; Beauveria bassiana ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; HOMOPTERA; FUNGI; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENCE; ISOLATE AB Several strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana have been considered for use as microbial insecticides. Experimental sprays were conducted in an alfalfa field with an aphid-derived strain of B. bassiana to determine its persistence and its effects on pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) and a non-target aphid predator, Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). B. bassiana conidia persisted in the field for at least 28 days, when approximately 10% of the original inoculum was still present. In the lower canopy, more conidia were present than on other plant parts and they persisted longer on the leaves in this location. However, conidia were still abundant in the upper canopy; where 97.9% of the aphids and 95.5% of H. convergens lan,ae were found. Thus, both insect species were exposed to the fungus for at least 1 month. However pea aphid populations were not affected by the fungus. The predator's incidence was reduced by 75-93% (depending on application rate) early in the season, but was not affected later in the season. Insect life history patterns and weather conditions are likely causes for the differences seen in field effects. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97339. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1080/09583159550039620 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TP758 UT WOS:A1995TP75800004 ER PT J AU KASHMANIAN, R AF KASHMANIAN, R TI WORDS, COSTS AND REGS SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Letter RP KASHMANIAN, R (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS PI EMMAUS PA BOX 351, 18 S SEVENTH ST, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA QB350 UT WOS:A1995QB35000004 ER PT J AU KASHMANIAN, RM AF KASHMANIAN, RM TI POULTRY-INDUSTRY FINDS ADDED VALUE IN COMPOSTING SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP KASHMANIAN, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS PI EMMAUS PA BOX 351, 18 S SEVENTH ST, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA QB350 UT WOS:A1995QB35000012 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, JP HOUSE, DE BLACKMAN, CF AF BLANCHARD, JP HOUSE, DE BLACKMAN, CF TI EVALUATION OF WHOLE-ANIMAL DATA USING THE ION PARAMETRIC RESONANCE MODEL SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE AD/DC MAGNETIC FIELDS; PARAMETRIC RESONANCE; NOCICEPTIVE; LAND SNAILS; IPR MODEL ID MEDIATED ANALGESIC BEHAVIORS; WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CEPAEA-NEMORALIS; MECHANISM; SNAIL AB Changes observed in the behavioral response of land snails from exposure to parallel ac and de magnetic fields demonstrate limited agreement with the predictions of an interaction model proposed by Lednev and the predictions of a recently proposed ion parametric resonance (IPR) model. However, the inadequate number of reported data points, particularly in a critical exposure range, prevents unambiguous application of either the Lednev or the IPR model. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BLANCHARD, JP (reprint author), BECHTEL CORP,DEPT RES & DEV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94119, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1002/bem.2250160402 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA RP839 UT WOS:A1995RP83900001 PM 7488253 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, JP BLACKMAN, CF AF BLANCHARD, JP BLACKMAN, CF TI CLARIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF ION PARAMETRIC RESONANCE MODEL FOR MAGNETIC-FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS - REPLY SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Note ID PC12 CELLS; PROTEIN-2; KINASE C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BLANCHARD, JP (reprint author), BECHTEL CORP,RES & DEV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1002/bem.2250160411 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA RP839 UT WOS:A1995RP83900010 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, JP BLACKMAN, CF HOUSE, DE AF BLANCHARD, JP BLACKMAN, CF HOUSE, DE TI CLARIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF ION PARAMETRIC RESONANCE MODEL FOR MAGNETIC-FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS - REPLY SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Note C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BLANCHARD, JP (reprint author), BECHTEL CORP,DEPT RES & DEV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 274 EP 275 DI 10.1002/bem.2250160413 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA RP839 UT WOS:A1995RP83900012 ER PT J AU Blackman, CF Benane, SG House, DE AF Blackman, CF Benane, SG House, DE TI Frequency-dependent interference by magnetic fields of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELF; in vitro; dose response; orthogonal AC/DC magnetic fields ID BRAIN-TISSUE INVITRO; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CALCIUM-IONS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; EFFLUX; CONSTRAINTS; LINE; HZ AB We have shown that 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields within the 5-10 microTesla (mu T) rms range cause an intensity-dependent reduction in nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation of neurite outgrowth (NO) in PC-12 cells. Here we report on the frequency dependence of this response over the 15-70 Hz range at 5 Hz intervals. Primed PC-12 cells were plated in collagen-coated, 60 mm plastic petri dishes with or without 5 ng/ml NGF and were exposed to sinusoidal magnetic fields for 22 h in a CO2 incubator at 37 degrees C. One 1,000-turn coil, 20 cm in diameter, generated vertically oriented magnetic fields. The dishes were stacked on the center axis of the coil to provide a range of intensities between 3.5 and 9.0 mu T rms. The flux density of the ambient DC magnetic field was 37 mu T vertical and 19 mu T horizontal. The assay consisted of counting over 100 cells in the central portion (radius less than or equal to 0.3 cm) of each dish and scoring cells positive for NO. Sham exposure of cells treated identically with NGF demonstrated no difference in the percentage of cells with NO between exposed and magnetically shielded locations within the incubator. Analysis of variance demonstrated flux density-dependent reductions in NGF-stimulated NO over the 35-70 Hz frequency range, whereas frequencies between 15 Hz and 30 Hz produced no obvious reduction. The results also demonstrated a relative maximal sensitivity of cells at 40 Hz with a possible additional sensitivity region at or above 70 Hz. These findings suggest a biological influence of perpendicular AC/DC magnetic fields different from those identified by the ion parametric resonance model, which uses strictly parallel AC/DC fields. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Blackman, CF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1995 VL 16 IS 6 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1002/bem.2250160607 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA TQ314 UT WOS:A1995TQ31400006 PM 8789070 ER PT B AU Glaser, JA Tzeng, JWJ McCauley, PT AF Glaser, JA Tzeng, JWJ McCauley, PT BE Hinchee, RE Skeen, RS Sayles, GD TI Slurry biotreatment of organic-contaminated solids SO BIOLOGICAL UNIT PROCESSES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,NATL RISK MGMT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-010-1 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 9 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31W UT WOS:A1995BG31W00018 ER PT B AU Bishop, DF Govind, R AF Bishop, DF Govind, R BE Hinchee, RE Skeen, RS Sayles, GD TI Development of novel biofilters for treatment of volatile organic compounds SO BIOLOGICAL UNIT PROCESSES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,NATL RISK MGMT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-010-1 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 9 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31W UT WOS:A1995BG31W00027 ER PT J AU CHEN, YC BUNICK, D FINNIGANBUNICK, C KLINEFELTER, GR BAHR, JM HESS, RA AF CHEN, YC BUNICK, D FINNIGANBUNICK, C KLINEFELTER, GR BAHR, JM HESS, RA TI EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR (ER) AND CLUSTERIN MESSENGER-RNAS IN CULTURED EPITHELIAL-CELLS OF RAT DUCTULI-EFFERENTES AND INITIAL SEGMENT EPIDIDYMIS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200056 ER PT J AU METCALF, JL LAWS, SC CUMMINGS, AM AF METCALF, JL LAWS, SC CUMMINGS, AM TI METHOXYCHLOR MIMICS THE ACTION OF 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL IN INDUCTION OF UTERINE EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS IN IMMATURE FEMALE RATS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DTD,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200162 ER PT J AU PERREAULT, SD JEFFAY, SA BARBEE, RR AF PERREAULT, SD JEFFAY, SA BARBEE, RR TI DYNAMICS OF FERTILIZATION ARE ALTERED IN HAMSTER OOCYTES AFTER ACUTE IN-VIVO EXPOSURE TO ACRYLAMIDE (ACR) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DTD,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200163 ER PT J AU ZUELKE, KA JONES, DP PERREAULT, SD AF ZUELKE, KA JONES, DP PERREAULT, SD TI DIAMIDE INDUCES REVERSIBLE OXIDATION OF GLUTATHIONE IN MATURE HAMSTER OOCYTES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RTB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200161 ER PT J AU WELCH, JE BROWN, PR EDDY, EM AF WELCH, JE BROWN, PR EDDY, EM TI GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPD-S) GENE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,GAMETE BIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200183 ER PT J AU LASKEY, JW FERRELL, JM CARTER, HB AF LASKEY, JW FERRELL, JM CARTER, HB TI USE OF MINCED OVARIAN AND TESTICULAR CULTURES TO ASSESS TOXICANT EFFECTS ON STEROIDOGENESIS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HERL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200458 ER PT J AU NAROTSKY, MG HAMBY, BT BEST, DS KAVLOCK, RJ AF NAROTSKY, MG HAMBY, BT BEST, DS KAVLOCK, RJ TI CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4)-INDUCED PREGNANCY LOSS IN F344 RATS - LUTEINIZING-HORMONE (LH) LEVELS AND RESCUE BY HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN (HCG) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200462 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM METCALF, JL AF CUMMINGS, AM METCALF, JL TI FERTILITY AND ENDOMETRIOSIS IN THE MOUSE - A NEW MODEL SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1995 VL 52 SU 1 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RD902 UT WOS:A1995RD90200504 ER PT J AU Sathaye, J Makundi, W Andrasko, K AF Sathaye, J Makundi, W Andrasko, K TI A comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forestry mitigation options SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; mitigation options; cost-effectiveness; scenarios; COMAP ID CARBON; STORAGE; SINKS; COST; CO2 AB Carbon emissions from land-use change in the tropics contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. The evaluation of carbon hows from land-use change and the associated socioeconomic impacts are just beginning for the tropical countries. This paper presents a comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forest sector mitigation options. COMAP is a bottom-up methodological framework which was used in the assessment of carbon sequestration potential by the F7 countries and is recommended in the IPCC 1995 Working Group II chapter. COMAP helps to account for carbon and monetary hows, and to develop scenarios and cost-effectiveness indicators of alternative mitigation options. The COMAP calculation method is coded in a spreadsheet format. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(95)00027-5 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA TN248 UT WOS:A1995TN24800007 ER PT S AU MENDELSOHN, ML ELLWANGER, TC ROSE, RI KOUGH, JL HUTTON, PO AF MENDELSOHN, ML ELLWANGER, TC ROSE, RI KOUGH, JL HUTTON, PO BE Hall, FR Barry, JW TI REGISTRATION OF BIOLOGICALS - HOW PRODUCT FORMULATIONS AFFECT DATA REQUIREMENTS SO BIORATIONAL PEST CONTROL AGENTS: FORMULATION AND DELIVERY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biorational Pest Control Agents - Formulation and Delivery, at the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem AB Among those pesticide products currently registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there exists a subgroup of products known as biologicals. Biologicals include 1) certain microorganisms and 2) compounds classified as biochemical pesticides that act to control pests as defined in 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. Biochemical pesticides are distinguished from conventional chemical pesticides by their nontoxic mode of action toward target organisms and by their natural occurrence, e.g., insect pheromones. Data requirements for experimental use and full commercial registration of these pesticide products are somewhat different than those required for conventional chemical pesticide products. Formulation choice has a large impact on the data necessary to support a particular biological pesticide product. This chapter stresses the importance of formulation choice in product development as it relates to EPA regulatory requirements. RP MENDELSOHN, ML (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3226-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 595 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Entomology; Forestry GA BD40L UT WOS:A1995BD40L00002 ER PT S AU Glaser, JA Lamar, RT AF Glaser, JA Lamar, RT BE Skipper, HD Turco, RF TI Liguin-degrading fungi as degraders of pentachlorophenol and creosote in soil SO BIOREMEDIATION: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioremediation - Science and Applications, at the Annual Meeting of SSSA/ASA/CSSA CY NOV 06-07, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SSSA, ASA, CSSA C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-814-3 J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1995 IS 43 BP 117 EP 133 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BE67D UT WOS:A1995BE67D00007 ER PT S AU Wilson, JT Jawson, MD AF Wilson, JT Jawson, MD BE Skipper, HD Turco, RF TI Science needs for implementation of bioremediation SO BIOREMEDIATION: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioremediation - Science and Applications, at the Annual Meeting of SSSA/ASA/CSSA CY NOV 06-07, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SSSA, ASA, CSSA C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-814-3 J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1995 IS 43 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BE67D UT WOS:A1995BE67D00017 ER PT S AU DAVISHOOVER, WJ MURDOCH, LC VESPER, SJ AF DAVISHOOVER, WJ MURDOCH, LC VESPER, SJ BE Schepart, BS TI FIELD APPLICATION OF SOLID OXYGEN SOURCE FOR BIOREMEDIATION SO BIOREMEDIATION OF POLLUTANTS IN SOIL AND WATER SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioremediation CY OCT 14-15, 1993 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm F20 Hazardous Subst & Oil Spill Response DE PROPYLENE GLYCOL; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING; ENCAPSULATED SODIUM PERCARBONATE; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1891-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1995 VL 1235 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1520/STP13039S PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BD12S UT WOS:A1995BD12S00016 ER PT B AU Huling, SG Pope, DF Matthews, JE Sims, JL Sims, RC Sorenson, DL AF Huling, SG Pope, DF Matthews, JE Sims, JL Sims, RC Sorenson, DL BE Hinchee, RE Anderson, DB Hoeppel, RE TI Wood preserving waste-contaminated soil: Treatment and toxicity response SO BIOREMEDIATION OF RECALCITRANT ORGANICS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-008-X J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 7 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31U UT WOS:A1995BG31U00013 ER PT B AU You, GR Sayles, GD Kupferle, MJ Bishop, PL AF You, GR Sayles, GD Kupferle, MJ Bishop, PL BE Hinchee, RE Anderson, DB Hoeppel, RE TI Anaerobic bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soil with nonionic surfactant SO BIOREMEDIATION OF RECALCITRANT ORGANICS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-008-X J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1995 VL 3 IS 7 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BG31U UT WOS:A1995BG31U00018 ER PT J AU Surampalli, RY Baumann, ER AF Surampalli, RY Baumann, ER TI Sludge production in rotating biological contactors with supplemental aeration and an enlarged first stage SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotating biological contactors (RBCs); sludge production; suspended solids (SS); substrate; supplemental aeration; enlarged first stage AB A full-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used to study the effectiveness of supplemental aeration and an enlarged first stage in improving the performance of an RBC system. These experimental studies suggest that generally the sludge production was higher in the first stage because of the higher soluble COD (SCOD) removal rates. However the sludge production in the first stage was significantly higher in the presence of supplemental air than without the air. At lower organic loadings, the first-Stage sludge production was 1 . 09 kg SS/kg (2 . 40 Ib SS/lb) and 0 . 572 kg SS/kg (1 . 26 Ib SS/lb) SCOD removed with and without supplemental ail; respectively. In addition, with supplemental air there was an increasing stabilization of volatile solids in the subsequent stages when the substrate was limiting in the succeeding stages. Overall sludge production was the same with and without supplemental aeration at low and high organic loading rates. However overall sludge production decreased substantially with the use of an enlarged first stage, particularly with supplemental aeration, which results in lower operating costs for sludge stabilization and disposal. This occured despite higher first-stage sludge production rates with the use of supplemental air. Also, the overall performance of the RBCs receiving supplemental aeration was significantly better when compared to the RBCs receiving no supplemental air, both in terms of SCOD or SBOD5 removal and ammonia nitrification. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP Surampalli, RY (reprint author), US EPA,POB 17-2141,KANSAS CITY,KS 66117, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(95)00147-6 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA UC250 UT WOS:A1995UC25000014 ER PT S AU Rogers, KR Mulchandani, A AF Rogers, KR Mulchandani, A BE Rogers, KR Mulchandani, A Zhou, WC TI Biomolecular sensing for bioprocess and environmental monitoring applications SO BIOSENSOR AND CHEMICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY: PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biosensor and Chemical Sensor Technology - Process Monitoring and Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Amer Chem Soc, Biochem Secretariat ID IMMUNOSENSOR AB Biomolecular recognition is being increasingly employed as the basis for a variety of analytical methods such as biosensors. The sensitivity, selectivity, and format versatility inherent in these methods may allow them to be adapted to solving a number of analytical problems. Although these methods are highly diverse with respect to their mechanisms of biomolecular recognition and mechanisms of signal transduction, they can be viewed together as providing analytical techniques for the identification and measurement of compounds critical to potential monitoring applications. This chapter will provide a brief introduction to recent advances in biomolecular sensing as applied to monitoring of bioprocesses and the environment. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,COLL ENGN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. RI Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3330-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 613 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BE38J UT WOS:A1995BE38J00001 ER PT S AU Eldefrawi, M Eldefrawi, A Wright, J Emanuel, P Valdes, J Rogers, KR AF Eldefrawi, M Eldefrawi, A Wright, J Emanuel, P Valdes, J Rogers, KR BE Rogers, KR Mulchandani, A Zhou, WC TI Immunosensors for detection of chemical mixtures - Antibody affinities, selectivities, and cloning SO BIOSENSOR AND CHEMICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY: PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biosensor and Chemical Sensor Technology - Process Monitoring and Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Amer Chem Soc, Biochem Secretariat ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION AB An important objective in using biosensors is to accurately and rapidly detect and quantitate analytes of interest. When using antibodies as biological recognition elements, the specificity, reversibility, and to some extent the detection limits of a biosensor are determined by the characteristics of the antibodies used. Similar to the high specificity afforded by subpopulations of polyclonal antibodies directed toward different haptenic determinants on the same antigen, the use of combinatorial cDNA libraries to clone Fab fragments may provide the ability to tailor this type of specificity. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP Eldefrawi, M (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. RI Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3330-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 613 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BE38J UT WOS:A1995BE38J00003 ER PT B AU URAIZEE, F NARSIMHAN, G AF URAIZEE, F NARSIMHAN, G BE Singh, RK Rizvi, SSH TI Foam-based separation proteins SO BIOSEPARATION PROCESSES IN FOODS SE IFT BASIC SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IFT Basic Symposium/54th IFT Annual Meeting on Bioseparation Processes in Foods CY JUN 24-25, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Inst Food Technologists, Int Union Food Sci & Technol RP US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-9608-X J9 IFT BAS SYM PY 1995 VL 10 BP 175 EP 225 PG 51 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BD42N UT WOS:A1995BD42N00006 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC HARSHBARGER, J BAUMANN, PC GARDNER, G BONOMELLI, S AF FOLMAR, LC HARSHBARGER, J BAUMANN, PC GARDNER, G BONOMELLI, S TI PATHOLOGICAL AND SERUM CHEMISTRY PROFILES OF BROWN BULLHEADS (AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS) FROM THE BLACK RIVER AND OLD WOMAN CREEK, OHIO SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PINFISH LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; FISH; FREQUENCIES; LAKE C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, MRC 163, REGISTRY TUMORS LOWER ANIM, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV W FLORIDA, DEPT BIOL, PENSACOLA, FL 32514 USA. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA, 1 SABINE ISL DR, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PU349 UT WOS:A1995PU34900008 PM 7756785 ER PT B AU COX, LH AF COX, LH BE Cox, BG Binder, DA Chinnappa, BN Christianson, A Colledge, MJ Kott, PS TI PROTECTING CONFIDENTIALITY IN BUSINESS SURVEYS SO BUSINESS SURVEY METHODS SE WILEY SERIES IN PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Establishment Surveys (ICES) CY JUN 27-30, 1993 CL BUFFALO, NY SP AMER STAT ASSOC, SURVEY RES METHODS SECT, INT ASSOC SURVEY STATISTICIANS, AMER AGR ECON ASSOC, NATL ASSOC BUSINESS ECONOMISTS, STAT SOC CANADA C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-471-59852-6 J9 WILEY S PRO PY 1995 BP 443 EP 473 PG 31 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BC58F UT WOS:A1995BC58F00024 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S AF NESNOW, S TI FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIFACTOR POTENCY SCHEME FOR CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE CANCER; CARCINOGENS; POTENCY; TD50; HIGHEST AVERAGE DAILY DOSE (HADD) AB This potency scheme expands a previously reported approach (Nesnow S. Mutat Res 1990; 239:83-115) and uses as its base dose potency measured as TD50. The TD50 is converted into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, and is adjusted by weighting factors that describe other parameters of carcinogenic potency, These factors include positive or negative weightings for: the induction of tumors at tissues or organs associated with high historical control tumor incidences; the induction of malignant tumors; the induction of tumors at multiple sites; the induction of tumors in both sexes of the species; and the induction of tumors in more than one species, To express the inactivity of chemicals towards the induction of cancer, the highest average daily dose (HADD) that did not induce a statistical increase in tumors was employed. HADD values were similarly converted to log decile units and adjusted by weighting factors according to lack of activity in both sexes of a species and the lack of activity in more than one species. Three ranking schemes were developed and applied to a 225-chemical data set obtained from the National Toxicology Program Technical Reports: the carcinogen potency-F344 rat; the carcinogen potency-B6C3F1 mouse; and the carcinogen potency-combined, a potency scheme based on selecting data from either the F344 rat or B6C3F1. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 1995 VL 19 IS 6 BP 465 EP 471 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TG504 UT WOS:A1995TG50400001 PM 8925515 ER PT J AU VANSTEE, EW SLOANE, RA SIMMONS, JE MOORMAN, MP BRUNNEMANN, KD AF VANSTEE, EW SLOANE, RA SIMMONS, JE MOORMAN, MP BRUNNEMANN, KD TI ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE IN MICE FROM (NO2)-N-15 BY INHALATION AND MORPHOLINE BY GAVAGE SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NITROSAMINE FORMATION; LIVER-MICROSOMES; NITRITE; NITRATE; DISPOSITION; INVIVO; SALIVA; SYSTEM; AMINES AB Male CD-1 mice were exposed to an nominal concentration of 20 p.p.m. of N-15-nitrogen dioxide ((NO2)-N-15) for 6 h/day for 4 days and for 2 h on the day 5, and to 1 g morpholine/kg body wt by gavage daily for five consecutive days, N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was found in whole mice, stomachs, skins with hair, and remains. The sum of individual tissue concentrations measured separately was 3421 ng/tissue, where the average skin weighed 4.3 g, the average stomach weighed 1.0 g and the average remains weighed 22.2 g. The average whole mouse weighed 27.7 g and contained a total of 3903 ng of NMOR. The concentration of NMOR was highest in the skin, nest highest in the stomach, and lowest in the remains. However, the total quantity of NMOR per tissue, while highest in the skin (83%), was nest highest in the remains (14.8%) and lowest in the stomach (2.2%), GC-MS analysis served to distinguish between the NMOR of (NO2)-N-15 origin and that of other origin. All of the NMOR in the whole mouse homogenates was identified as (15)NMOR In the stomach 73% was identified as (14)NMOR, representing 1.6% of the total NMOR in the mouse, and 27% as (15)NMOR, representing 0.6% of the total NMOR in the mouse, N-Nitrosamine formation in vivo is discussed as a possibly ongoing mammalian process. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. AMER HLTH FDN,NAYLOR DANA INST DIS PREVENT,VALHALLA,NY 10595. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JAN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.1.89 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QE196 UT WOS:A1995QE19600012 PM 7834809 ER PT B AU JENKINS, DJ AF JENKINS, DJ BE Rutala, WA TI ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY - STATUS OF EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY PROGRAM SO CHEMICAL GERMICIDES IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Chemical Germicides in Health Care CY MAY 26-27, 1994 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASSOC PROFESS INFECT CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL INC, MIAMI VALLEY HOSP C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC PROFESSIONALS INFECTION CONTROL & EPIDEMIOLOGY INC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 00000 PY 1995 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BD11E UT WOS:A1995BD11E00002 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI BOUNDS FOR MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM LOW-RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTRA SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION EXPERT-SYSTEM AB Simple empirical rules for determining the upper and lower limits to the molecular weight of organic compounds from low resolution mass spectra have been established and evaluated. The rules are based on the average of two easily determined spectral features, Maxmass and Himax1. The lower limit is this average less 5 Da and the upper limit is the average plus 100 Da. These limits have been evaluated with a set of 400 randomly chosen NIST/NIH/EPA reference spectra, with 400 pharmaceutically related spectra from a Swiss data base and with 100 bromine- and chlorine-containing MST reference spectra. In only 12 cases were the true molecular weights lower than the estimated lower limits and these were due to contaminated spectra. The upper limit rule includes 98% of the spectra of all volatile compounds tested and 96% of all compounds tested. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(94)00058-Q PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA QD458 UT WOS:A1995QD45800011 ER PT J AU CORREA, IE STEEN, WC AF CORREA, IE STEEN, WC TI DEGRADATION OF PROPANIL BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED POPULATIONS FROM A PRISTINE LAKE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION AB The microbial transformation rates of propanil, a commonly used herbicide, were investigated using water from a pristine lake in northeast Georgia. Microbial degradation rates were measured using natural water microflora, the natural water microflora amended with five bacterial species (Aerobacter aerogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Aeromonas salmonicida) isolated from the same lake, and the five isolates individually. Transformation rate constants for propanil were compared for the mixed microbial assemblages and isolates sat similar initial bacterial concentrations (approximate to 5.0 X 10(-3) bacteria/mL). Degradation started within 60 hours and was completed by 160 hours in all experiments. The mean first-order rate constant for natural microflora was -(4.80 +/- 0.620) X 10(-3) h(-1). Natural waters amended with the bacterial isolates yielded rate constants ranging from -(0.39 +/- 0.186) X 10(-3) h(-1) to -(2.13 +/- 0.029) X 10(-3) h(-1) with an overall mean of -(1.63 +/- 0.242) X 10(-3) h(-1). After 660 hours following the first amendment of propanil, (i.e., 500 hours after propanil degradation was complete), each sample was again amended with propanil. Subsequent degradation rates ranged from -(21.3 +/- 0.186) X 10(-3) h(-1) to -(64.2 +/- 0.786) X 10(-3) h(-1) and the mean rate constant was -(37.5 +/- 0.922) X 10(-3) h(-1). No significant differences were observed between first-order rate constants among isolates following the first or the second addition of propanil. After the second spike, however, the average of rate constants was approximately 20 times greater than that following the first spike. Rates for the individual isolates varied greatly from one isolate to another, ranging from virtually no degradation with A. calcoaceticus to -(21.6 +/- 0.332) X 10(-3) h(-1) for the composite treatment of all isolates. RP CORREA, IE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)00380-D PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD292 UT WOS:A1995QD29200010 PM 7874462 ER EF