FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Andrews, J Nichols, H Hunter, E AF Andrews, J Nichols, H Hunter, E TI Developmental toxicity of mixtures of di-and tetrachloroethane and dichloropropane in embryo culture. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1200 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501205 ER PT J AU Korte, J Degitz, SJ Tietge, JE AF Korte, J Degitz, SJ Tietge, JE TI Development of a gene-expression array focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in xenopus laevis. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Med, Duluth, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1276 BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501281 ER PT J AU Ren, H Thompson, KE Schmid, JE Dix, DJ AF Ren, H Thompson, KE Schmid, JE Dix, DJ TI Sperm RNA amplification for gene expression profiling by DNA microarray technology. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1279 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501284 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA Freudenrich, TM Anderson, WL Sui, L Barone, S Gilbert, ME Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ AF Meacham, CA Freudenrich, TM Anderson, WL Sui, L Barone, S Gilbert, ME Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ TI Accumulation of the persistent environmental toxicants methylmercury or polychlorinated biphenyls in in vitro models of rat neuronal tissue. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1293 BP 265 EP 266 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501298 ER PT J AU Bale, AS Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ AF Bale, AS Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ TI Inhibitory effects of perchloroethylene on human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1295 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501300 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ AF Shafer, TJ TI Perchloroethylene (PERC) inhibits function of voltage-gated calcium channels in pheochromocytoma cells. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1294 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501299 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Roop, BC Lambert, G Kadiiska, M Mason, RP Cullen, WR Mass, MJ AF Nesnow, S Roop, BC Lambert, G Kadiiska, M Mason, RP Cullen, WR Mass, MJ TI DNA damage induced by methylated trivalent arsenicals is mediated by reactive oxygen species. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1314 BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501321 ER PT J AU Stonehuerner, J Ghio, A AF Stonehuerner, J Ghio, A TI Distribution of iron in tissues and cells of rats exposed to silica. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1320 BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501327 ER PT J AU Kaydos, E Holmes, M Suarez, J Roberts, N Klinefelter, G AF Kaydos, E Holmes, M Suarez, J Roberts, N Klinefelter, G TI Identification of proteins involved in testicular toxicity induced by haloacid by-products of drinking water disinfection. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Populat Council, Ctr Biomed Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1325 BP 272 EP 273 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501332 ER PT J AU Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Furr, JR Wolf, CJ Noriega, N Gray, LE AF Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Furr, JR Wolf, CJ Noriega, N Gray, LE TI Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fetal testes hormone production. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1323 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501330 ER PT J AU Wolf, CJ Abbott, B LeBlanc, GA Gray, LE AF Wolf, CJ Abbott, B LeBlanc, GA Gray, LE TI Analysis of androgen- and EGF-receptor expression in the fetal rat phallus after exposure to vinclozolin. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, RTD, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1322 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501329 ER PT J AU Enoch, R Greiner, S Youngblood, G Davis, C Fenton, SE AF Enoch, R Greiner, S Youngblood, G Davis, C Fenton, SE TI Effects from gestational exposure to a mixture of atrazine and its biological metabolites in male Long-Evans rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NCCU, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1338 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501345 ER PT J AU Dix, DJ Rockett, J AF Dix, DJ Rockett, J TI Genomic and proteomic analysis of surrogate tissues for assessing toxic exposures and disease states. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1342 BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501349 ER PT J AU Gilbert, SG Burke, W Faustman, E Botkin, JR Gilman, P AF Gilbert, SG Burke, W Faustman, E Botkin, JR Gilman, P TI Toxicology ethical, legal, and social issues SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. INND, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pediat & Med Eth, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1341 BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501348 ER PT J AU Krawetz, SA Ostermeier, G Thompson, KE Dix, DJ Miller, D Goodrich, R Diamond, MP AF Krawetz, SA Ostermeier, G Thompson, KE Dix, DJ Miller, D Goodrich, R Diamond, MP TI The male gamete as a paternal marker of genetic insult. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Wayne State Univ, Inst Sci & Comp, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, NICHD, Reprod Med Network, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Ob Gyn, Detroit, MI USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Ob Gyn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1344 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501351 ER PT J AU Rockett, JC Blystone, C Goetz, A Murrell, R Dix, DJ AF Rockett, JC Blystone, C Goetz, A Murrell, R Dix, DJ TI Gene expression profiling of accessible surrogate tissues to monitor molecular changes in inaccessible target tissues following toxicant exposure. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1343 BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501350 ER PT J AU Veronesi, B Veronesi, B Bernt, W Bernt, W Wei, G Oortgiesen, M Oortgiesen, M AF Veronesi, B Veronesi, B Bernt, W Bernt, W Wei, G Oortgiesen, M Oortgiesen, M TI The surface charge of particulate matter (PM) activates vanilloid (VRI) receptors. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. PCL, Novato, CA USA. NRC, Washington, DC USA. Cato Res Ltd, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1368 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501375 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Barlow, NJ Furr, JR Brock, J Silva, MJ Barr, DB Ostby, JS AF Gray, LE Barlow, NJ Furr, JR Brock, J Silva, MJ Barr, DB Ostby, JS TI Transgenerational effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male rat. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD,EB, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1376 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501383 ER PT J AU Noriega, N Gray, E Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, V AF Noriega, N Gray, E Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, V TI Prenatal exposure to the fungicide prochloraz alters the onset of parturition in the dam and sexual differentiation in male rat offspring. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1375 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501382 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RE Foureman, GL Timchalk, C Weitz, KK Soelberg, JJ Thrall, KD AF Schwartz, RE Foureman, GL Timchalk, C Weitz, KK Soelberg, JJ Thrall, KD TI Simultaneous analysis of acetone concentration in the nasopharyngeal and exhaled breath of human volunteers. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1417 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501423 ER PT J AU Graff, DW Devlin, RB Brackhan, JA Muller-Borer, BJ Bowman, JS Cascio, WE AF Graff, DW Devlin, RB Brackhan, JA Muller-Borer, BJ Bowman, JS Cascio, WE TI Exposure of cultured myocytes to zinc results in altered beat rate and intercellular communication. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1445 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501451 ER PT J AU Molinelli, AR Madden, MC AF Molinelli, AR Madden, MC TI Effects of arsenite on inflammatory responses of human bronchial epithelial cells. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Molinelli, Alejandro/B-6151-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1452 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501458 ER PT J AU George, M Murr, A Goldman, J Herbert, C Joe, R Melnick, R Geter, D DeAngelo, AB AF George, M Murr, A Goldman, J Herbert, C Joe, R Melnick, R Geter, D DeAngelo, AB TI Evaluation of the toxicity of bromochloroacetic acid administered for 26 weeks in drinking water to B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL USA. NIEHS, NTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1460 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501466 ER PT J AU Graff, JE Herr, DW Marshall, RS Hunter, DL AF Graff, JE Herr, DW Marshall, RS Hunter, DL TI Chronic dietary exposure with intermittent spike doses of chlorpyrifos fails to alter brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) in rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1491 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501497 ER PT J AU McDaniel, KL Phillips, PM Moser, VC AF McDaniel, KL Phillips, PM Moser, VC TI Differential profiles of cholinesterase inhibition and neurobehavioral effects in rats exposed to fenamiphos and profenophos. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1490 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501496 ER PT J AU Haines, W Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Padilla, S AF Haines, W Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Padilla, S TI Exploring the explanation of age-related sensitivity to a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, in rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1498 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501504 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Gordon, CJ AF Mack, CM Gordon, CJ TI Differential sensitivity to anticholinesterase pesticides in the juvenile rat: Effects on thermoregulation. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1496 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501502 ER PT J AU Perez, J Sutton, LD Geller, AM AF Perez, J Sutton, LD Geller, AM TI Age and strain comparisons of carbachol-stimulated inositolphosphate (IP) release in rat retina and frontal cortex. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1495 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501501 ER PT J AU Oxendine, SL Southerland, S Marshall, R Hunter, D Mailman, R Padilla, S AF Oxendine, SL Southerland, S Marshall, R Hunter, D Mailman, R Padilla, S TI Does chronic chlorpyrifos toxicity compromise dopaminergic function in the rat striatum? SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Neurotax, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC CH, Curr Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1499 BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501505 ER PT J AU Tornero-Velez, R Laskey, J Evans, M AF Tornero-Velez, R Laskey, J Evans, M TI In vitro determination of kinetic constants for 1, 3-dichloropropane, 2,2-dichloropropane, and 1, 1-dichloropropene in rat liver microsomes and cytosol. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 SEE, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC, ESE, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL ETD PK, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1522 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501528 ER PT J AU Millen, B Parker, J Forkert, P AF Millen, B Parker, J Forkert, P TI Dichloroacetylated protein adducts in lung and liver of mice treated with trichloroethylene. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1564 BP 322 EP 322 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501571 ER PT J AU Holder, JW AF Holder, JW TI Chloroethane metabolism compared with toxic threshold activities. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1567 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501574 ER PT J AU Davis, BJ Fenton, S AF Davis, BJ Fenton, S TI Environmental modulation of puberty SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIEHS, Lab Women, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1616 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501623 ER PT J AU Fenton, S AF Fenton, S TI Mammary gland development: Early life effects from the environment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1620 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501627 ER PT J AU Loveless, SE Gilmour, MI AF Loveless, SE Gilmour, MI TI Methods for the identification and characterization of chemical respiratory allergens. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Dupont Haskell La Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1621 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501628 ER PT J AU Gilmour, I Loveless, SE AF Gilmour, I Loveless, SE TI Current state of predicting the respiratory allergy potential of chemicals: What are the issues? SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dupont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1626 BP 335 EP 335 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501633 ER PT J AU Pegram, RA Ross, MK DeAngelo, AB Allis, JW Zhao, G AF Pegram, RA Ross, MK DeAngelo, AB Allis, JW Zhao, G TI Bromodichloromethane toxicokinetics: Linking metabolism to effect. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1641 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501648 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, J Hanson, RG Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Rogers, JM Lau, C AF Thibodeaux, J Hanson, RG Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Rogers, JM Lau, C TI Maternal and developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the mouse. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1658 BP 342 EP 342 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501665 ER PT J AU Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H AF Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H TI Use of CYP1A2 (-/-) knockout and CYP1A2 (+/+) C57BL/6N parental strains of mice to compare metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1764 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501771 ER PT J AU Staskal, D Ross, DG Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ AF Staskal, D Ross, DG Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ TI A comparison of the metabolism of methoxyresorufin, acetanilide and caffiene in rat and human CYP1A2 supersomes and their inhibition by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC Chapel Hill, Curriculum Toxicol, Hillsborough, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1765 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501772 ER PT J AU Burgin, DE Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Burgin, DE Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS TI Comparing environmentally relevant PCBs to TCDD. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1768 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501775 ER PT J AU DeVito, MJ Diliberto, JJ Ross, DG Emond, C Richardson, VM Birnbaum, LS AF DeVito, MJ Diliberto, JJ Ross, DG Emond, C Richardson, VM Birnbaum, LS TI Influence of type II diabetes and obesity on the dispostion and elimination of TCDD in mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1767 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501774 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ Richardson, VM Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ AF Godin, SJ Richardson, VM Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ TI Influence of diabetes, obesity and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)exposure on the expression of hepatic CYP1A2 in a murine model of type II diabetes. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1766 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501773 ER PT J AU Luebke, B Barone, S Copeland, C White, L Jenkins, S AF Luebke, B Barone, S Copeland, C White, L Jenkins, S TI Developmental exposure to di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBTC): Immunotoxic and neurotoxic evaluation. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1817 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501824 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Padilla, S Barone, S Smialowicz, RJ Harris, MW Chapin, RE AF Moser, VC Padilla, S Barone, S Smialowicz, RJ Harris, MW Chapin, RE TI A comparison of multiple toxicities following developmental exposure to pesticides: Neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIEHS, NTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Pfizer, Groton, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1883 BP 388 EP 388 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501890 ER PT J AU Beck, N Sonawane, B AF Beck, N Sonawane, B TI Childrens health risk characterization from exposure to tetrachlorethylene. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Off Management & Budget, Off Informat & Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1887 BP 389 EP 389 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501895 ER PT J AU Donohue, JM Abernathy, CO Cicmanec, J Poirier, KA AF Donohue, JM Abernathy, CO Cicmanec, J Poirier, KA TI Reference doses (RfDs): Factors in the selection of human intraspecies uncertainty factor (UFH) when using human data. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ S EPA, HECD, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH USA. TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1889 BP 389 EP 390 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501897 ER PT J AU Smallwood, CL Swartout, JC Lipscomb, JC AF Smallwood, CL Swartout, JC Lipscomb, JC TI Using toxicokinetic data for kinetic components of the interspecies and interindividual uncertainty factors for the boron reference dose. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1890 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501898 ER PT J AU Beringer, MJ Grevatt, PC AF Beringer, MJ Grevatt, PC TI Evaluating the bioavailability of metals in soils for use in human health risk assessment. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1921 BP 396 EP 396 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501928 ER PT J AU Smialowicz, R Burgin, DE Williams, WC Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Smialowicz, R Burgin, DE Williams, WC Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS TI CYP1A2 is not required for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced immunosuppression SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1956 BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501963 ER PT J AU Cyterski, M Ney, J Duval, M AF Cyterski, M Ney, J Duval, M TI Estimation of surplus biomass of clupeids in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GIZZARD SHAD; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MANAGEMENT; RESERVOIR; FISHERIES; PREY; FISH AB Mean annual estimates of the surplus biomass of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia, were calculated from data on the biomass, growth, and mortality of each clupeid species. Surplus biomass, defined as production over a given time period minus the difference in biomass at the end and beginning of the time period, was determined for each cohort of both prey species. Mean total alewife biomass estimated from hydroacoustic surveys during 1993-1998 was 37 kg/ha. Mean total gizzard shad cove rotenone biomass from 1990 to 1997 was 89 kg/ha. When biomass was coupled with estimated growth and mortality rates, mean annual surplus biomass summed across all cohorts was 74 kg/ha for alewives and 116 kg/ha for gizzard shad. The surplus biomass of alewives barely meets piscivore demand (primarily that of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and striped bass Morone saxatilis), whereas predator demand might exceed gizzard shad surplus biomass when prey availability is taken into account. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cyterski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cyterski.mike@epamail.epa.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 132 IS 2 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0361:EOSBOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 658QX UT WOS:000181732900016 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Schulte, PJ Bond, BJ Coulombe, R Domec, JC Hinckley, TM McDowell, N Phillips, N AF Brooks, JR Schulte, PJ Bond, BJ Coulombe, R Domec, JC Hinckley, TM McDowell, N Phillips, N TI Does foliage on the same branch compete for the same water? Experiments on Douglas-fir trees SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE leaf specific conductance; sapwood area/leaf area ratio; hydraulic conductance; shading; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PINUS-TAEDA; LEAF-AREA; TRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOREST; RESPONSES; ARCHITECTURE AB Do branchlets within a branch have autonomous water supplies, or do they share a common water supply system? We hypothesized that if branchlets shared a common water supply, then stomatal conductance (g(s)) on sunlit foliage would increase with reduced transpiration of competing foliage on the branch. We reduced transpiration of other foliage on the branch through bagging and shading, and we monitored the gas-exchange responses of the remaining sunlit foliage on the branch relative to control branches for several age classes of Douglas-fir trees (aged similar to10 years, 20 years, and 450 years old). Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no increases in g(s) in either young or old trees following transient reductions in the amount of transpiring leaf area. The diurnal change in water potential, mid-day stomatal closure and associated photosynthetic decline occurred at the same time and were of the same magnitude on both treated and untreated branches, with the exception of photosynthesis in one 450-year-old tree. Hydraulic conductance measurements of branch junctions indicate that xylem within branches is only partially interconnected which would reduce the effectiveness of shading as a means of increasing water supply to the remaining sunlit foliage. The lack of a response implies that when a branch is in partial shade, the remaining sunlit foliage has no advantage with respect to water status over foliage on a branch completely in the sun. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010 OI Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s00468-002-0207-1 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 657EE UT WOS:000181651800002 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Vieglais, DA Andreasen, JK AF Peterson, AT Vieglais, DA Andreasen, JK TI Migratory birds modeled as critical transport agents for West Nile Virus in North America SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile Virus; ecological niche modeling; migratory birds; GARP ID ARBOVIRUSES; INFECTION; DISCOVERY; JAPONICUS; OUTBREAK AB West Nile Virus has spread more rapidly than expected in the Western Hemisphere. We tested Culex mosquitoes and long-distance migratory birds as potential agents of spread for the virus, using a series of techniques, as follows. (1) Mosquito vector distributions were modeled using an ecological niche modeling approach (GARP) to produce a map of suitability of the landscape for mosquito transmission of the virus. (2) Simulations of spread were developed with an algorithm originally developed for modeling the spread of wildfires (EMBYR), seeding an initial presence of the virus in the New York City area. (3) Alternative spread scenarios were developed as (a) just mosquitoes as movement agents (spread simulation seeded once at New York City and allowed to spread across the mosquito suitability surface), versus (b) spread via mosquitoes on local scales in tandem with long-distance colonization with migratory birds as movement agents (spread simulation seeded once at New York City, and again at sites sampled from the winter destinations of birds breeding in southeastern New York State). The first scenario (mosquitoes only) did not coincide with observed patterns of spread, whereas the second (mosquitoes and migratory birds) coincided closely, suggesting that observed patterns of spread are best explained with migratory birds as critical long-distance transport agents; the virus, in regions to which it is transported by migratory birds, then is transmitted enzootically via mosquitoes. Similar simulations of spread were used to predict extensions of the virus in the Western Hemisphere in coming years. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM town@Ku.edu RI Vieglais, Dave/C-7356-2009; OI Vieglais, Dave/0000-0002-6513-4996; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 26 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1089/153036603765627433 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802NI UT WOS:000220169800004 PM 12804378 ER PT J AU Thompson, SS Jackson, JL Suva-Castillo, M Yanko, WA El Jack, Z Kuo, J Chen, CL Williams, FP Schnurr, DP AF Thompson, SS Jackson, JL Suva-Castillo, M Yanko, WA El Jack, Z Kuo, J Chen, CL Williams, FP Schnurr, DP TI Detection of infectious human adenoviruses in tertiary-treated and ultraviolet-disinfected wastewater SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference of the Water-Environment-Federation CY 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Water Environm Fed DE adenovirus; enteric viruses; MS2 coliphage; California Water Recycling Criteria; ultraviolet irradiation; disinfection ID SWIMMING POOL; UV; ENTEROVIRUSES; INACTIVATION; RECLAMATION; PARTICLES; OUTBREAK; SLUDGE; VIRUS; LIGHT AB A pilot-scale study investigating the use of low-pressure, high-intensity UV radiation for disinfection of urban wastewater was conducted. The inactivation of coliform bacteria, wastewater-indigenous enteric viruses, seeded poliovirus, and seeded F-specific coliphage was studied. During the course of the pilot study, infectious human adenoviruses were isolated from 15 of 16 large-volume samples of UV-disinfected secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater. Half of the tertiary-treated, UV-disinfected effluent samples from which the adenoviruses were isolated had total coliform concentrations that complied with California's Water Recycling Criteria. To determine the relative UV resistance of the adenovirus isolates, purified viruses were seeded into tertiary-treated wastewater and exposed to low-pressure, high-intensity, collimated UV radiation. A dose of approximately 170 mW-s/cm(2) was required to achieve 99.99% inactivation. These findings suggest that UV doses effective at meeting certain wastewater regulations for total coliform bacteria may not provide suitable inactivation of the UV-resistant human adenoviruses. C1 San Jose Creek Water Qual Lab, Los Angeles Cty Sanitat Dist, Whittier, CA 90601 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Commun Dis Control, Viral Isolat Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Thompson, SS (reprint author), San Jose Creek Water Qual Lab, Los Angeles Cty Sanitat Dist, 1965 Workman Mill Rd, Whittier, CA 90601 USA. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.2175/106143003X140944 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744TR UT WOS:000186649400008 PM 12772961 ER PT J AU Leibowitz, SG Vining, KC AF Leibowitz, SG Vining, KC TI Temporal connectivity in a prairie pothole complex SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland hydrology; specific conductance; landscape connectivity; spatial analysis; GIS; dispersal; isolated wetlands; depressional wetlands; metapopulations ID NORTH-DAKOTA; ISOLATED WETLANDS; USA; REGION AB A number of studies have noted the occurrence of intermittent surface-water connections between depressional wetlands in general and prairie potholes in particular. Yet, the ecological implications of such connections remain largely unexplored. In 1995, we observed spillage into and out of a North Dakota wetland during two field visits. Between May 3 and May 26, there was a positive relationship between specific conductance and water level at this site, suggesting an external source of dissolved ions. We estimated that specific conductance may have increased at the site by as much as 614 muS cm(-1) due to spillage from the upslope wetland. Based on a spatial analysis that compared National Wetlands Inventory maps with 1996 color infrared imagery, we estimated that 28% of the area's wetlands had a temporary surface water connection to at least one other wetland at that time, including one complex of 14 interconnected wetlands. These results indicate that the connectivity observed in 1995 was not confined to the two wetlands nor to that single year. The degree of connectivity we observed would be expected to occur during the wetter portions of the region's 20-year wet-dry cycle. We hypothesize that intermittent surface-water connections between wetlands occur throughout the prairie pothole region. Given patterns in relief and precipitation, these connections most likely would have occurred in the eastern portion of the prairie pothole region. However, wetland drainage may have altered historical patterns. The implication of these spatial and temporal trends is that surface-water connections between depressional wetlands should be viewed as a probability event that has some distribution over time and space. We refer to connections that are impermanent, temporally discontinuous, or sporadic as temporal connectivity. The most intriguing feature of these temporary connections may be that they could affect biodiversity or population dynamics through transport of individuals or reproductive bodies. Research is needed to determine whether these connections actually cause these biological effects and to characterize the distribution and effects of this phenomenon. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. RP Leibowitz, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM leibowitz.scott@epa.gov NR 35 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0013:TCIAPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659PF UT WOS:000181785300002 ER PT J AU Solem, LE Kolanczyk, RC McKim, JM AF Solem, LE Kolanczyk, RC McKim, JM TI An in vivo microdialysis method for the qualitative analysis of hepatic phase I metabolites of phenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microdialysis; rainbow trout; metabolism; phenol; hydroquinone ID INTRACEREBRAL MICRODIALYSIS; DIFFUSION KINETICS; LIVER; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HYDROQUINONE; MICROSOMES; TOXICITY; CATECHOL; BLOOD AB Development of reliable and accurate methodologies for determination of xenobiotic hepatic biotransformation rate and capacity parameters is important to the derivation of precise physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) models. Biotransformation data incorporated into PB-TK models has, for the most part, depended on in vitro techniques designed to mimic the in vivo environment; however, data from direct in vitro/in vivo comparisons is limited. In this investigation we describe for the first time a method using in vivo microdialysis (MD) to qualitatively assess hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation of phenol in an unanesthetized fish. MD probes were surgically implanted into the livers of adult rainbow trout which were subsequently confined to respirometer-metabolism chambers. Phenol (1-300 mM) was delivered directly to the liver via the MD probe at a perfusion rate of 1 mul min(-1) which consistently resulted in a relative delivery of 77-85% of the phenol in the perfusate to the tissue over a 3 day experimental time frame. Location of the probe within the liver was also shown to have no effect on the delivery of phenol or on the type or quantity of phase I metabolites formed. Production of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CAT), the primary phase I metabolites of phenol, was monitored through direct sampling of the hepatic extracellular fluid space via the MD probe. HQ and CAT production increased with increasing time of perfusion and with increasing concentration of phenol delivered to the liver. In the future, data obtained through in vivo MD will be useful in resolving uncertainties in biotransformation rate and capacity parameters, which are central to fish PB-TK modeling of chemical disposition. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. CNR, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kolanczyk, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 62 IS 4 BP 337 EP 347 AR PII S0166-445X(02)00109-1 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00109-1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 650LL UT WOS:000181265200007 PM 12595173 ER PT J AU Martonen, TB Schroeter, JD AF Martonen, TB Schroeter, JD TI Risk assessment dosimetry model for inhaled particulate matter: I. Human subjects SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International ECETOC Workshop CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY DE inhaled PM; PM dosimetry; risk assessment model; human simulations ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; DEVELOPING HUMAN LUNG; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; FLUID-DYNAMICS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AIRWAYS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; CHARGED-PARTICLES AB Pollutant particulate matter (PM) is a serious global problem, presenting a threat to the health and well being of human subjects. Inhalation exposures tests with surrogate animals can be performed to estimate the threat. However, it is difficult to extrapolate the findings of animal tests to human conditions. In this two-part series, interspecies dosimetry models especially designed for implementation with risk assessment protocols are presented. In Part I, the mathematical integrity of the source model per se was tested with data from human subjects, and theoretical predictions agreed well with experimental measurements. In Part II, for surrogate (rat) simulations, appropriate algorithms for morphologies and ventilatory parameters were used as subroutines in the validated model. We conducted a comprehensive series of computer simulations describing the behavior of a representative air pollutant, secondary cigarette smoke. For risk assessment interests, a range of states from rest to exercise was considered. PM hygroscopicity had a pronounced effect on deposition in a complex but systematic manner, in humans and rats: deposition was increased for particles larger than about 1 mum, but was decreased for particles smaller than about 0. 1 mum. The results clearly indicate that dosimetry models can be effectively used to a priori determine the laboratory conditions necessary for animals tests to accurately mimic human conditions. Moreover, the use of interspecies models is very cost effective. We propose, therefore, that mathematical models be used in a complementary manner with inhalation exposure experiments and be actively integrated into PM risk assessment protocols. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 83 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 132 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00411-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00411-3 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 648AA UT WOS:000181125200008 PM 12559696 ER PT J AU Martonen, TB Schroeter, JD AF Martonen, TB Schroeter, JD TI Risk assessment dosimetry model for inhaled particulate matter: II. Laboratory surrogates (rat) SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International ECETOC Workshop CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY DE inhaled particulate matter; particulate matter dosimetry; risk assessment model; rat simulations ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; PULMONARY DEPOSITION; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; LUNG MORPHOLOGY; NASAL PASSAGES; CLEARANCE; SIMULATION AB Inhalation toxicology investigations are often performed with laboratory animals to address the potential health effects of inhaled air pollutants on human beings. In Part II of this risk assessment study we have considered the deposition of inhaled particulate matter in the laboratory rat as the surrogate of choice. Calculations were performed in an analogous manner to those conducted in Part I for human subjects. To simulate a wide range of human respiratory intensities associated with different levels of physical activities that must be recognized in the determination of air pollution standards, the CO2 concentrations within animal inhalation exposure chambers may be controlled. Accordingly, we have regulated rat breathing parameters to correspond to a range of human activities, from rest to work. The results of this interspecies modeling study have been presented in a variety of graphical formats to ease comparisons with findings from experiments and to facilitate integration of the results into risk assessment analyses. The findings of our work clearly demonstrate that interspecies simulations can be employed to design animal tests a priori so that the results can be effectively and efficiently extrapolated to human conditions in a meaningful manner. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop 74,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 142 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00412-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00412-5 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 648AA UT WOS:000181125200009 PM 12559697 ER PT J AU Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weinstein, DA AF Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weinstein, DA TI Predicting the regional impact of ozone and precipitation on the growth of loblolly pine and yellow-poplar using linked TREGRO and ZELIG models (vol 146, pg 247, 2001) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Laurence, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 17 PY 2003 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 607 EP 607 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00064-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00064-6 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648ER UT WOS:000181137200044 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Weber, EJ AF Kenneke, JF Weber, EJ TI Reductive dehalogenation of halomethanes in iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments. 1. Reactivity pattern analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MEDIATED REDUCTION; POLYHALOGENATED METHANES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; TRANSITION-METALS; SULFIDE; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; GROUNDWATER AB The incorporation of reductive transformations into environmental fate models requires the characterization of natural reductants in sediments and aquifer materials. For this purpose, reactivity patterns (range and relative order of reactivity) for a series of 14 halogenated methanes were measured in iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments and two representative model systems: adsorbed Fe(II)/ goethite [Fe(II)(ads)/alpha-FeOOH] and iron sulfide (FeS). Both Fe(II)(ads) and FeS are naturally occurring reductants. The strong similarity in reactivity patterns between the iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments suggests that the two share a common reductant despite their different chemical compositions (i.e.,the sulfate-reducing sediment contained FeS). An orthogonal regression analysis of the halomethane transformation rate data in the sediment and model systems supports the assumption that a common mechanism for halomethane transformation exists between the sediments and the Fe(II)(ads)/alpha-FeOOH system and further corroborates the conclusion that Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) containing minerals is the dominant reductant in both sediment systems. Weak (0.5 N) and strong (6.0 N) acid extraction of the sediments indicated that solid-phase Fe(II) was 67% higher in the sulfate-reducing sediment than in the iron-reducing sediment, which is consistent with the observations that the halomethanes were transformed a factor of 3 times faster in the sulfate-reducing sediment and that Fe(II) was the dominant reductant. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Weber, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 54 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1021/es0205941 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646ZQ UT WOS:000181067100008 PM 12636269 ER PT J AU Elias, RW Gulson, B AF Elias, RW Gulson, B TI Overview of lead remediation effectiveness SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lead; remediation; mining; smelting; blood; environmental samples ID STABLE-ISOTOPE DILUTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; COMMUNITY; SMELTER AB A Symposium on Lead Remediation Effectiveness, sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency, was held at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA from 22-25 May, 2000. International participants from various levels of government, educational institutions, industry, and community representatives presented papers and posters on themes that ranged from engineering practices through community participation in the remediation processes. The papers in this volume represent a global distribution of sites, especially those outside the USA. In providing an overview of the symposium and the theme of Lead Remediation Effectiveness we have drawn on information from some presentations at the symposium, besides those described in this volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Elias, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 13 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00361-3 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00361-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654FC UT WOS:000181482700001 PM 12568760 ER PT J AU Sheldrake, S Stifelman, M AF Sheldrake, S Stifelman, M TI A case study of lead contamination cleanup effectiveness at Bunker Hill SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lead; dust; soil; children; cleanup effectiveness; blood lead; recontamination; mining; superfund ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB A review of cleanup effectiveness at Bunker Hill Superfund Site (BHSS) has shown that yard soil cleanup is an effective tool for reducing house dust lead concentrations, thereby reducing children's blood lead levels. This review has also shown that contiguous cleanup of residences has a three-fold greater reduction of children's blood lead levels compared with cleaning only those homes where children currently reside by reducing exposures attributable to neighboring properties. This review underscores the importance of a community-wide, preventative approach to controlling lead contamination in soil and house dust. This review has further characterized the need for careful design, implementation, and perpetual maintenance of a community-wide lead cleanup. Several key areas of importance to maintain large scale mining/smelting remedies in the Bunker Hill area were analyzed and noted for further action, including: infrastructure, institutional controls for homeowner projects (post cleanup), erosion control for undeveloped hillsides with potential to impact the developed valley floor, drainage improvements and flood control, waste piles, and increasing the rate at which cleanup proceeds. Focusing on these areas is crucial to minimizing recontamination at a large scale lead cleanup. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Environm Cleanup Off, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Sheldrake, S (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Cleanup Off, 1200 6th Ave,Mailstop,ECL-113, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RI Stifelman, Marc/A-8041-2009 OI Stifelman, Marc/0000-0002-0913-3745 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 123 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00354-6 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00354-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654FC UT WOS:000181482700008 PM 12568767 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Mack, CM AF Gordon, CJ Mack, CM TI Influence of gender on thermoregulation and cholinesterase inhibition in the long-evans rat exposed to diazinon SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; UNRESTRAINED RAT; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; HEART-RATE; CHLORPYRIFOS; FEVER AB Diazinon is an organophosphate (OP)-based, anticholinesterase insecticide that irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and produces cholinergic stimulation in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Our laboratory has found that OPs administered orally in rats induce a transient period of hypothermia followed by a delayed fever that persists for several days after exposure. There is little information on the thermoregulatory effects of diazinon. Core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by ractiotelemetry in male and female rats of the Long-Evans strain dosed orally with diazinon (0 [corn-oil vehicle], 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg in males and 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg in females). There was a dose-dependent decrease in Tc during the first night after treatment, with females exhibiting slightly greater sensitivity than males. MA was unaffected in females exposed to diazinon at doses of 50 to 200 mg/kg; MA of males was reduced during the first night after dosing with 300 mg/kg. There was a delayed elevation in Tc of males dosed with 200 and 300 mg/kg and females dosed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg diazinon. The elevated Tc was only manifested during d 2 and 3 after diazinon. Administration of 200 mg/kg sodium salicylate to females 48 h after being treated with 200 mg/kg diazinon led to a rapid abatement of the fever. Diazinon doses of 50 to 300 mg/kg led to 40% to 50% inhibition in plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity 4 h after dosing, and females displayed a significantly slower recovery of ChE activity compared to males. When compared on a molar basis, the hypothermic response to diazinon was relatively small compared to other OPS such as chlorpyrifos. The delayed fever and efficacy of sodium salicylate to block diazinon-induced fever are similar to the effects of OPs chlorpyrifos and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 14 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 3 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1080/15287390306371 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644AY UT WOS:000180896800006 PM 12521673 ER PT J AU Mao, DM Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, RK AF Mao, DM Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, RK TI Development of low-diffusion flux-splitting methods for dense gas-solid flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE upwind discretization; time-derivative preconditioning; two-phase flow; fluidization ID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED-BED; PARTICLE FLOW; MODEL; SIMULATION AB The development of a class of low-diffusion upwinding methods for computing dense gas-solid flows is presented in this work. Am artificial compressibility/low-Mach preconditioning strategy is developed for a hyperbolic two-phase flow equation system consisting of separate solids and gas momentum and continuity equations. The eigenvalues of this system are used to devise extensions of the AUSM+ [1] and LDFSS [2] flux-splitting methods that provide high resolution capturing of bubble growth and collapse in gas-solid fluidized beds. Applications to several problems in fluidization are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2003 VL 185 IS 1 BP 100 EP 119 AR PII S0021-9991(02)00049-9 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(02)00049-9 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 679WR UT WOS:000182945400005 ER PT J AU Ernst, KA Brooks, JR AF Ernst, KA Brooks, JR TI Prolonged flooding decreased stem density, tree size and shifted composition towards clonal species in a central Florida hardwood swamp SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest decline; mortality; Florida; wetlands; land-use changes; flooding; hardwood swamp; species composition; stand structure; clonal reproduction ID FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; NYSSA-SYLVATICA; INTEGRATION; ADAPTATIONS; COMMUNITY; GRADIENT; REGIMES; WATER; ROOT AB Human modifications of the landscape often cause changes in regional surface and subsurface water flow that in turn can result in alterations in the natural cycle of flooding and drawdown in wetland ecosystems. In the present study, excessive flooding resulting from altered land-use activities increased mortality in wetland tree communities. We investigated tree decline status, tree size, species composition, and capacity for clonal propagation along an elevation/hydrologic gradient to understand community structure and composition dynamics resulting from excessive flooding. Prior to disturbance, the density of small stems (2 cm less than or equal to DBH < 10 cm) doubled with a decrease of < 1 in elevation along the transect while density of other tree sizes (DBH greater than or equal to 10 cm) remained relatively constant at all elevations. This increase in small stems corresponded with an increase in the number of individuals growing clonally. Tree communities at the highest elevations were dominated by less flood-tolerant species, such as Quercus laurifolia and Liquidambar styraciflua, whereas tree communities at lower elevations were dominated by highly flood-tolerant species such as Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora and Fraxinus caroliniana. Prolonged flooding was causing tree communities at low elevations to shift towards a more shrubby structure and composition dominated by more flood-tolerant species that could regenerate clonally. Among most species, trees greater than 10 cm DBH were generally more sensitive to flooding than smaller trees at high levels of flood disturbance and the ability to reproduce clonally was found to be an important mechanism allowing species such as F caroliniana and Acer rubrum to persist under near permanently flooded conditions. The mechanism of clonal propagation for surviving severe flooding events may be important for wetland forest communities throughout the southeastern US. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Tetra Tech EM Inc, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 3 PY 2003 VL 173 IS 1-3 BP 261 EP 279 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00004-X DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00004-X PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 644BE UT WOS:000180897400020 ER PT J AU Yang, FM Haile, DJ Berger, FG Herbert, DC Van Beveren, E Ghio, AJ AF Yang, FM Haile, DJ Berger, FG Herbert, DC Van Beveren, E Ghio, AJ TI Haptoglobin reduces lung injury associated with exposure to blood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte; lung diseases; hemorrhage; metal transporter protein-1; heme oxygenase-1 ID HEME OXYGENASE-1; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; IRON-METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; GENE; HEMOGLOBIN AB The biological functions of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin (Hp) may be related to its ability to bind hemoglobin (Hb) or to modulate immune response. Hp is expressed at a high level in lung cells, yet its protective role(s) in the lung is not known. With the use of transgenic mice overexpressing Hp in alveolar macrophages, we demonstrated that Hp diminished Hb-induced lung injury when the lung was exposed to whole blood. In transgenic mouse lungs, Hb was more efficiently removed, and the induction of stress-responsive heme oxygenase-1 gene was significantly lower when compared with wild-type mice. At 24 h after blood treatment, the ferritin level that serves as an index for intracellular iron content was also lower in alveolar macrophages in transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. We propose that an Hp-mediated Hb catabolism process exists in alveolar macrophages. This process is likely coupled to an iron mobilization pathway and may be an efficient mechanism to reduce oxidative damage associated with hemolysis. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yang, FM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 3386, DK 53079] NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 284 IS 2 BP L402 EP L409 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00115.2002 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 636KC UT WOS:000180453700018 PM 12388365 ER PT J AU Johnson, CH Marshall, MM DeMaria, LA Moffet, JM Korich, DG AF Johnson, CH Marshall, MM DeMaria, LA Moffet, JM Korich, DG TI Chlorine inactivation of spores of Encephalitozoon spp. SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; MICROSPORIDIA; INTESTINALIS; WATER; MODEL AB This report is an extension of a preliminary investigation on the use of chlorine to inactivate spores of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and to investigate the effect of chlorine on two other species, E cuniculi and E. hellem, associated with human infection. The 50% tissue culture infective doses of these three species were also determined. On the basis of the results obtained, it appears that chlorination of water is an effective means of controlling spores of these organisms in the aquatic environment. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Arizona, Sterling Parasitol Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Johnson, CH (reprint author), US EPA, 26 WML King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 1325 EP 1326 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1325-1326.2003 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 644PK UT WOS:000180927100080 PM 12571067 ER PT J AU Vahatalo, AV Salonen, K Munster, U Jarvinen, M Wetzel, RG AF Vahatalo, AV Salonen, K Munster, U Jarvinen, M Wetzel, RG TI Photochemical transformation of allochthonous organic matter provides bioavailable nutrients in a humic lake SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; photolysis; mineralization; UV-effects ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; BACTERIOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS; DISSOLVED NITROGEN; COMPLEX PHOSPHORUS; COLLOIDAL MATTER; SOLAR-RADIATION; QUANTUM YIELD AB Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) form a large potential source of nutrients and energy for bacterio- and phytoplankton. The role of solar radiation in the transformation of DOM into inorganic and bioavailable forms was investigated in a humic boreal Lake Valkea-Kotinen. The concentrations of nitrate+nitrite, inorganic phosphorus and inorganic carbon increased, but those of ammonium decreased in < 0.2-mum filtered hypolimnetic water during 1-day exposures to solar radiation. In epilimnetic water, solar radiation increased the concentration of ammonium at a rate equivalent to the rate of atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen. When indigenous bacteria of Lake Valkea-Kotinen were inoculated into sunlight-exposed waters, bacteria achieved higher biovolume and productivity and incorporated carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus at greater rates than those grown in non-exposed waters. Bacteria mineralized dissolved organic carbon 92-375% more in exposed than in non-exposed waters. Thus, in addition to direct photochemical mineralization, solar radiation increased metabolic mineralization of organic carbon by bacteria. Solar radiation decreased the activity of phosphomonoesterase during exposures down to <1% of the initial values. However, after 4-d bioassay the activity of phosphomonoestrase in the exposed waters exceeded that in the non-exposed water. C1 Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, FIN-16900 Lammi, Finland. RP Vahatalo, AV (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 89 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 47 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 156 IS 3 BP 287 EP 314 DI 10.1127/0003-9136/2003/0156-0287 PG 28 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 660XC UT WOS:000181859400001 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Touati, A AF Gullett, BK Touati, A TI PCDD/F emissions from forest fire simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest fires; polychlorinated dibenzodioxin; polychlorinated dibenzofuran; polychlorinated biphenyl; emission factors; combustion ID METAL RECLAMATION PLANT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; PINE NEEDLES; COMBUSTION; WASTE; PCBS AB Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from combustion of forest biomass were sampled to obtain an estimated emission. factor for forest fires. An equal composition of live shoot and litter biomass from Oregon and North Carolina was burned in an enclosed monitored facility, and emissions were sampled with a modified ambient air sampling method. Seven tests resulted in an average PCDD/F toxic equivalency (TEQ) emissiori of 19 ng/kg burned, a value close to previous indirect estimates. Emissions from, the Oregon biomass averaged 25 ng TEQ/kg burned (range: 14-47) and those from the North Carolina biomass averaged 15 ng TEQ/kg burned (range: 1-56). Source-specific distinctions in isomer patterns and homologue profiles, however, suggest that the type of biomass has a significant effect on the composition of the resulting PCDD/F emissions. The mass-specific emissions are about 20 times higher than the concentration of the extracted biomass, suggesting that PCDD/F emissions are not simply a result of vaporization of cuticle-bound PCDD/F but are formed predominantly during the biomass combustion. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Ari Pollut Prev & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Ari Pollut Prev & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 39 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00951-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648LH UT WOS:000181152500007 ER PT J AU Noble, CA Mukerjee, S Gonzales, M Rodes, CE Lawless, PA Natarajan, S Myers, EA Norris, GA Smith, L Ozkaynak, H Neas, LM AF Noble, CA Mukerjee, S Gonzales, M Rodes, CE Lawless, PA Natarajan, S Myers, EA Norris, GA Smith, L Ozkaynak, H Neas, LM TI Continuous measurement of fine and ultrafine particulate matter, criteria pollutants and meteorological conditions in urban El Paso, Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol; ultrafine particles; fine particles; particle number concentration; urban air quality ID DEL-NORTE OZONE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; SUBMICROMETER PARTICLES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE; NUMBER AB Continuous measurements of aerosol size distributions were made in El Paso, TX, for a 21 day period in winter 1999. Size distribution measurements were performed at two urban locations in El Paso using two pairs of the scanning mobility particle sizer and the aerodynamic particle sizer. Complementary measurements also were performed for gas phase pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, O-3) and meteorological conditions. Throughout the study, the mean ultrafine particle (those smaller than 0.1 mum in diameter) number concentration was 14,400 particles cm(-3). There was a significant correlation between CO and both ultrafine and accumulation mode (those between 0.1 and 1mum in diameter) particle count, with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.81 and 0.87, respectively. The correlation between NO and both ultrafine and accumulation mode particle count is also significant, but not as strong as the correlation of CO and the particle concentrations. Most pollutants were found to vary on diurnal cycles and to follow one of two different trends, either vehicular traffic schedules or sunlight intensity. Wind direction was found to have an influence not only on pollutant concentrations, but also on the correlation between pollutants. With southerly winds, CO, NO and NO2 concentrations were 25-140% greater than when the wind was coming from the north. Likewise, ultrafine and accumulation mode particle concentrations were approximately. 100% greater for southerly than for northerly winds. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Engn & Technol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Noble, CA (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Engn & Technol Div, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 55 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 827 EP 840 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00935-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648LH UT WOS:000181152500009 ER PT J AU Santo Domingo, JW Siefring, SC Haugland, RA AF Santo Domingo, JW Siefring, SC Haugland, RA TI Real-time PCR method to detect Enterococcus faecalis in water SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Enterococcus faecalis; fecal enterococci; real-time PCR ID FLUOROGENIC PROBE; ENUMERATION; BACTERIA; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES AB A 16S rDNA real-time PCR method was developed to detect Enterococcus faecalis in water samples. The dynamic range for cell detection spanned five logs and the detection limit was determined to be 6 cfu/reaction. The assay was capable of detecting E. faecalis cells added to biofilms from a simulator of a water distribution system and in freshwater samples. Nucleic acid extraction was not required, permitting the detection of E. faecalis cells in less than 3 h. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS-387,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1023/A:1022303118122 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 642XQ UT WOS:000180831100014 PM 12882582 ER PT J AU Olszyk, DM Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Rygiewicz, PT Wise, C VanEss, E Benson, A Storm, MJ King, R AF Olszyk, DM Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Rygiewicz, PT Wise, C VanEss, E Benson, A Storm, MJ King, R TI Whole-seedling biomass allocation, leaf area, and tissue chemistry for Douglas-fir exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature for 4 years SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-N AVAILABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; PONDEROSA PINE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; SCOTS PINE; NITROGEN AB Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown under ambient or elevated (ambient + 180 mumol.mol(-1)) CO2 and ambient or elevated (ambient + 3.5degreesC) temperature in outdoor, sunlit chambers with a field soil. After 4 years, seedlings were harvested and measured for leaf area, leaf, fine root (<1 mm diameter), and structural (buds, branches, stems, main root, and lateral roots >1 mm in diameter) dry masses, and leaf and fine root C/N ratio, percent sugar, and percent cellulose. Elevated CO2 did not affect biomass production or allocation for any plant organ but increased specific leaf mass, leaf C/N ratio, and percent sugar and decreased the ratio of leaf area to structural weight and leaf percent cellulose. Elevated temperature tended to reduce biomass allocation to leaves and leaf sugar concentration. Fine root percent sugar tended to increase with elevated temperature but only at elevated CO2. Therefore, for Douglas-fir seedlings growing under naturally limiting soil moisture and nutrition conditions, elevated CO2 and temperature may have little impact on biomass or leaf area except for reduced specific leaf mass with elevated CO2 and reduced biomass allocation to leaves with elevated temperature. However, both elevated CO2 and temperature may alter leaf chemistry. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Network Environm Management Studies Fellows, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Olszyk, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 72 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1139/X02-186 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 655AF UT WOS:000181528600010 ER PT J AU Ross, MK Pegram, RA AF Ross, MK Pegram, RA TI Glutathione transferase theta 1-1-dependent metabolism of the water disinfection byproduct bromodichloromethane SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-FORMYLGLUTATHIONE HYDROLASE; HUMAN LIVER; DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; FORMALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; THIOL ESTERS AB Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), a prevalent drinking water disinfection byproduct, was previously shown to be mutagenic in Salmonella that express rat GSH transferase (GST) theta 1-1 (GST T1-1). In the present study, in vitro experiments were performed to study the kinetics of CHBrCl2 reactions mediated by GST in different species as well as the isoform specificity and reaction products of the GST pathway. Conjugation activity of CHBrCl2 with GSH in mouse liver cytosol was time- and protein-dependent, was not inhibited by the GST alpha, mu, and pi inhibitor S-hexyl-GSH, and correlated with GST T1-1 activity toward the substrate 1,2-epoxy-3-(4'-nitrophenoxy)propane. Conjugation activities in hepatic cytosols of different species toward CHBrCl2 followed the order mouse > rat > human. As compared with CH2Cl2, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K-m) of conjugation of CHBrCl2 with GSH by pure recombinant rat GST T1-1 was similar to3-6-fold less. Taken together, this suggests that GST T1-1 is the primary catalyst for conjugation of CHBrCl2 with GSH and that flux through this pathway is less than for CH2Cl2. The initial GSCHCl(2) conjugate formed was unstable and degraded to several metabolites, including GSCH(2)OH, S-formyl-GSH, and HCOOH. Addition of NAD+ to cytosol did not alter the rate of conjugation of CHBrCl2 with GSH; however, it did increase the amount of [C-14]-HCOOH produced (similar to10-fold). A similar result was seen in a reaction containing pure rat GST T1-1 and GSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, indicating that GSCH(2)OH was formed as a precursor to S-formyl-GSH. The half-life of synthetic S-formyl-GSH in pH 7.4 buffer was similar to1 h at ambient temperature and decreased to similar to7 min in pH 9.0 buffer, and it does not react with deoxyguanosine. In conclusion, GST T1-1 conjugation of CHBrCl2 has been definitively demonstrated and the kinetics of conjugation of CHBrCl2 with GSH characterized in mouse, rat, and human hepatic cytosols. The significance of this GST pathway is that reactive GSH conjugates are produced resulting in possible formation of DNA adducts. Comparisons with CH2Cl2 suggest that the reactive intermediates specific to GSH conjugation of CHBrCl2 are more mutagenic/genotoxic than those derived from CH2Cl2. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pegram, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1F32 ES11111-01] NR 59 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 216 EP 226 DI 10.1021/tx0200820 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 648CE UT WOS:000181131600014 PM 12588193 ER PT J AU Mylchreest, E Snajdr, S Korte, JJ Ankley, GT AF Mylchreest, E Snajdr, S Korte, JJ Ankley, GT TI Comparison of ELISAs for detecting vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; fathead minnow; vitellogenin; ELISA; estrogen ID BIOMARKER; ASSAY AB Measurement of vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is currently being considered and evaluated for screening of endocrine active substances. One of the proposed methods; an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on VTG from carp (Cyprinus carpio), was recently evaluated in an inter-laboratory ring test using whole body homogenates from juvenile fathead minnows. The objective of the current study was to compare the performance of three,different ELISAs for measuring fathead minnow VTG: (1) a heterologous carp VTG (cVTG) ELISA used in the ring test, (2) a homologous fathead minnow VTG (fVTG) ELISA, and (3) a hybrid ELISA with the antibody developed for cVTG, but using fVTG for coating the plates and preparing standard curves. VTG was measured in whole body homogenates from juvenile fathead minnows exposed to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2; 10 ng/1) and whole body homogenates and plasma from adult fathead minnows exposed to 17beta-estradiol (E-2; 5 mg/kg; i.p.). The cVTG assay showed lower specificity for fathead minnow VTG in whole body homogenates, and plasma from treated fish, compared to the fVTG assay. VTG concentrations in juvenile fathead minnow homogenates from the EE2-exposed group were approximately 50-fold higher when measured using the fVTG method compared to the cVTG method. Use of the homologous fVTG in the hybrid cVTG assay yielded VTG concentrations in the range of the fVTG assay but the low specificity persisted. The homologous fVTG assay is recommended to achieve accurate quantification of VTG levels in fathead minnows. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Mylchreest, E (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Elkton Rd,POB 50, Newark, DE 19714 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 134 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00273-9 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00273-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 651FR UT WOS:000181310300009 PM 12600685 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Carter, JD Richards, JH Richer, LD Grissom, CK Elstad, MT AF Ghio, AJ Carter, JD Richards, JH Richer, LD Grissom, CK Elstad, MT TI Iron and iron-related proteins in the lower respiratory tract of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; lung diseases; transferrin; ferritin; lactoferrin ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID; ELEMENT BINDING-PROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXPIRED BREATH; SERUM FERRITIN; ANTIOXIDANT; EXPRESSION; PLASMA AB Objective: An increased oxidative stress in the lower respiratory tract of individuals with acute respiratory distress syndrome is considered to be one mechanism of lung injury in these patients. Cell and tissue damage resulting from an oxidative stress can ultimately be the consequence of a disruption of normal iron metabolism and an increased availability of catalytically active metal. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, we quantified concentrations of iron and ironrelated proteins in the lower respiratory tract in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and healthy volunteers. Design: A clinical study to quantify iron and iron-related proteins in the lower respiratory tract in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and healthy volunteers. Patients: We studied 14 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 28 healthy volunteers. Main Results: Comparable to previous investigation, protein, albumin, and cytokine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased in acute respiratory distress syndrome patents. The concentrations of total and nonheme iron were also increased in the lavage fluid of patients. Concentrations of hemoglobin, haptoglobin, transferrin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, and ferritin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were all significantly increased in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Conclusions: We conclude that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indices reflect a disruption of normal iron metabolism in the lungs of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Increased concentrations of available iron in acute respiratory distress syndrome may participate in catalyzing oxidant generation destructive to the tissues of the lower respiratory tract. However, increased metal availability is also likely to elicit an increased expression of transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, and ferritin in the lower respiratory tract which will function to diminish this oxidative stress. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Utah, Div Pulm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovasc Res & Training In, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. LDS Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 50153] NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050284.35609.97 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 644LQ UT WOS:000180919700007 PM 12576942 ER PT J AU Hill, BH Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR DeCelles, SJ Vander Borgh, MA AF Hill, Brian H. Herlihy, Alan T. Kaufmann, Philip R. DeCelles, Susanna J. Vander Borgh, Mark A. TI Assessment of streams of the eastern United States using a periphyton index of biotic integrity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Assessment; Eastern United States; EMAP; Periphyton; Streams ID MID-ATLANTIC; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; CHEMISTRY; REGION; INDICATORS; SYSTEMS AB Benthic algae were collected from 272 eastern United States streams and rivers and analyzed for diatom species richness and dominance, the relative abundance of acidobiontic, eutraphentic, and motile diatoms, standing crops of chlorophyll and biomass, and alkaline phosphatase activity. These data were used to calculate a periphyton index of biotic integrity (NB!), and values of the index were compared among reference, moderately impacted, and disturbed streams. The level of disturbance was based on stream chemistry, riparian disturbance, or a, combined classification. Analyses of variance showed that PIBI was significantly higher in reference streams for all classifications. The PIBI and its metrics were correlated with many of the chemistry and habitat variables, and canonical correlation analysis revealed three significant environmental gradients which extracted 84% of the variance in the PIBI and its metrics. We used the mean 75th, 25th, and 5th percentile scores from the reference sites to set thresholds for excellent, good, fair, or poor condition. Applying these criteria to the cumulative distribution of total stream length in the region, we found that 4.3% of the stream length was in excellent condition; 20.8% in good condition; 56.4% in fair condition; and 18.5% in poor condition. The sensitivity of the PIBI and its component metrics to environmental stressors supports the use of this index for monitoring ecological conditions in streams in the eastern United States and as a tool to aid in diagnosing the causes of their impairment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [DeCelles, Susanna J.; Vander Borgh, Mark A.] US EPA, SoBran Inc, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program FX This research was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. Preparation of this manuscript was a joint effort of the US EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratories in Duluth, Minnesota and Corvallis, Oregon; its cooperators (Oregon State University, CR824682) and contractors. The authors thank M. Arbogast, L. Fore, R. Hughes, Y. Pan, D. Peck, J. Stevenson and J. Stoddard for their considerable efforts checking the quality of the diatom dataset. The authors also appreciate comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript by J. Kingston and J. Thompson. This manuscript has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 325 EP 338 AR PII S1470-160X(02)00062-6 DI 10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00062-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V38LU UT WOS:000209345700002 ER PT J AU Cobb, GP Bargar, TA Pepper, CB Norman, DM Houlis, PD Anderson, TA AF Cobb, GP Bargar, TA Pepper, CB Norman, DM Houlis, PD Anderson, TA TI Using chorioallantoic membranes for non-lethal assessment of persistent organic pollutant exposure and effect in oviparous wildlife SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAM; POP; organochlorine compounds; eggs ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB David Peakall and co-workers pioneered innovative approaches that utilized extra-embryonic membranes to assess accumulation of organochlorine pesticides in eggs. This technique provided the foundation for an entire line of research to improve non-lethal methods for assessing contaminant exposure in oviparous wildlife. Currently, analysis of chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) provides predictable estimates of chlorinated contaminant presence in eggs and in maternal tissues. Field studies have been conducted with herons, stilts, alligators, crocodiles, and sea turtles. Controlled dose-response studies have been completed in chickens. The following manuscript presents the foundations for the CAM approach and a review of research findings involving this technique. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Portland Community Coll, Portland, OR 97229 USA. RP Cobb, GP (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04696] NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB-AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1022532711353 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 648BB UT WOS:000181129000004 PM 12739855 ER PT J AU Welsh, R Hubbell, B Carpentier, CL AF Welsh, R Hubbell, B Carpentier, CL TI Agro-food system restructuring and the geographic concentration of US swine production SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Rural-Sociological-Society CY AUG, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Rural Sociol Soc ID DEPOSITION AB The US swine industry has dramatically reorganized over the last two decades. Economic concentration in the slaughter sector has increased and hog production has consolidated economically and geographically. Increases in the geographic concentration of hog production have led to water pollution through spills and leakage from high numbers of very large manure storage lagoons centered within limited areas, such as a few counties. The global restructuring of agro-food systems has promoted the development of intensive and concentrated livestock production. However, national, state and local institutions, and dynamics have also influenced the structure of geographic concentration of hog production. Using state-level and national-level time series data from 1975-1996, we find that national-level increases in concentration in the hog-processing sector are positively associated with geographic concentration of production within states. However, we also rind that state, and even local, government policy can mitigate, or worsen, the geographic concentration of hog production. C1 Clarkson Univ, Sch Liberal Arts, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Commiss Environm Cooperat, Montreal, PQ H2Y 1N9, Canada. RP Welsh, R (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Sch Liberal Arts, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM welshjr@clarkson.edu; Hubberll.Bryan@epamail.epa.gov; carpentier@ccemtl.org OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0308-518X J9 ENVIRON PLANN A JI Environ. Plan. A PD FEB PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1068/a352 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 657XU UT WOS:000181692300003 ER PT J AU Smith, JH AF Smith, JH TI Land-cover assessment of conservation and buffer zones in the BOSAWAS Natural Resource Reserve of Nicaragua SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE protected areas; conservation; land cover; land use; remote sensing; Nicaragua ID DEFORESTATION AB The BOSAWAS Natural Resource Reserve of Nicaragua was established in 1991, to protect a portion of the remaining tropical rain forest and to promote the sustainable use of the region's resources. Information required to effectively manage the reserve includes the extents and locations of present land-cover types and recent land-cover changes in the management use zones that were delineated by local indigenous communities. These zones include areas designated for conservation, limited resource extraction, agriculture, and watershed protection. Land-cover for 1986 and 1995 was identified for three of the communities from remotely sensed images and then input into a geographic information system database to identify land-cover types within these management use zones. For both dates of the analysis, advanced forest was the dominant land cover, with the conservation zones entirely forested. The amount of both agricultural land and scrub/early secondary forest increased between the two dates, with much of these land-cover classes occurring in the agriculture zones. Conflicts between the land-cover present and designated use were identified in some of the limited-use buffer and watershed protection zones. Changes between 1986 and 1995 were identified by overlaying the two land-cover data sets. Three change processes were identified as occurring: deforestation, reforestation, and reconversion. Changes were concentrated in the agriculture zones but were found to occur in every type of zone, except for conservation. The results of this study will establish baseline information for the future management of the BOSAWAS Reserve, an important component in uniting conservation areas along the Central American isthmus. C1 US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Smith, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2774-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635FV UT WOS:000180389100008 PM 12520380 ER PT J AU Vellidis, G Smith, MC Leibowitz, SG Ainslie, WB Pruitt, BA AF Vellidis, G Smith, MC Leibowitz, SG Ainslie, WB Pruitt, BA TI Prioritizing wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction: A conceptual model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE synoptic approach; sediment reduction; watershed; welland restoration; geographic prioritization; conceptual model; Southeast Region; Region 4; criterion; indicator; measurement end point ID RIPARIAN FOREST; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; CUMULATIVE IMPACTS; FRAMEWORK; FILTERS; QUALITY; VALUES; AREAS; ZONE AB In a climate of limited resources, it is often necessary to prioritize restoration efforts geographically. The synoptic approach is an ecologically based tool for geographic prioritization of wetland protection and restoration efforts. The approach was specifically designed to incorporate best professional judgment in cases where information and resources are otherwise limited. Synoptic assessments calculate indices for functional criteria in subunits (watersheds, counties, etc.) of a region and then rank the subunits. Ranks can be visualized in region-scale maps which enable managers to identify areas where efforts optimize functional performance on a regional scale. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for prioritizing watersheds whose wetlands can be restored to reduce total sediment yield at the watershed outlet. The conceptual model is designed to rank watersheds but not individual wetlands within a watershed. The synoptic approach is valid for applying the sediment yield reduction model because there is high demand for prioritizing disturbed wetlands for restoration, but there is limited, quantitative, accurate information available with which to make decisions. Furthermore, the cost of creating a comprehensive database is prohibitively high. Finally, because the model will be used for planning purposes, and, specifically, for prioritizing based on multiple decisions rather than optimizing a single decision, the consequence of prioritization errors is low. Model results cannot be treated as scientific findings. The conclusions of an assessment are based on judgement, but this judgement is guided by scientific principles and a general understanding of relevant ecological processes. The conceptual model was developed as the first step towards prioritizing of wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction in US EPA Region 4. C1 Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Wetlands Sect, Atlanta Fed Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USDA ARS, Ecol Assessment Branch, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2801-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635FV UT WOS:000180389100012 PM 12520384 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Thompson, L Clark, PJ Beckman, SW AF Evans, JD Thompson, L Clark, PJ Beckman, SW TI Method comparison study for weak acid dissociation cyanide analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INJECTION AB Method comparison studies of two different methods for the analysis of weak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide revealed analytical flaws and/or matrix interference problems with both procedures. EPA "draft" method 1677 using a Perstorp 3202 CN analyzer was compared to Standard Method 4500 CN I. It was discovered that the Perstorp analyzer produced more precise and more accurate results once appropriate and necessary procedural steps from the EPA draft method were modified. Comparison of these two methods, was based on "real world" samples collected from a mine-tailing solution. The mine-tailing solution contained high concentrations of cyanide and metals. Inconsistencies in method procedures were traced to sulfide interferences and high concentrations of WAD metals. Conclusions were based upon a large sample base collected from a mine site over a 90-day period. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Pintail Syst Inc, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hackensack, NJ 07601 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 950 Energy Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1021/es020534v PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642EK UT WOS:000180791100037 PM 12630477 ER PT J AU Swartz, E Stockburger, L AF Swartz, E Stockburger, L TI Recovery of semivolatile organic compounds during sample preparation: Implications for characterization of airborne particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MODEL EVALUATION DATA; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; COMPOUNDS SOCS; FINE; EMISSIONS; WOOD; DIBENZOFURANS AB Semivolatile compounds present special analytical challenges not met by conventional methods for analysis of ambient particulate matter (PM). Accurate quantification of PM-associated organic compounds requires validation of the laboratory procedures for recovery over a wide volatility and polarity range. To meet these challenges, solutions of n-alkanes (nC(12-)nC(40)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs (naphthalene to benzo[ghi]perylene) were reduced in volume from a solvent mixture (equal volumes of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol), to examine recovery after reduction in volume. When the extract solution volume reached 0.5 mL the solvent was entirely methanol, and the recovery averaged 60% for n-alkanes nC(12)-nC(25) and PAHs from naphthalene to chrysene. Recovery of higher MW compounds decreased with MW, because of their insolubility in methanol. When the walls of the flasks were washed with I mL of equal parts hexane and dichloromethane (to reconstruct the original solvent composition), the recovery of nC(18) and higher MW compounds increased dramatically, up to 100% for nC(22)-nC(32) and then slowly decreasing with MW due to insolubility. To examine recovery during extraction of the components of the High Capacity Integrated Gas and Particle Sampler, the same standards were used to spike its denuders and filters. For XAD-4 coated denuders and filters, normalized recovery was >95% after two extractions. Recovery from spiked quartz filters matched the recovery from the coated surfaces for alkanes nC(18) and larger and for fluoranthene and larger PAHs. Lower MW compounds evaporated from the quartz filter with the spiking solvent. This careful approach allowed quantification of organics by correcting for volatility- and solubility-related sample preparation losses. This method is illustrated for an ambient sample collected with this sampler during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stockburger, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1021/es011128z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642EK UT WOS:000180791100038 PM 12630478 ER PT J AU Denton, DL Wheelock, CE Murray, SA Deanovic, LA Hammock, BD Hinton, DE AF Denton, DL Wheelock, CE Murray, SA Deanovic, LA Hammock, BD Hinton, DE TI Joint acute toxicity of esfenvalerate and diazinon to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diazinon; esfenvalerate; pesticide interactions; synergistic effect; carboxylesterase activity ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARBOXYLESTERASE; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB California (USA) agriculture employs pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides to control insects in orchards and other crops. Diazinon and esfenvalerate were selected for this study because of their application overlaps. Toxicological and biochemical responses of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed singly and in combinations to esfenvalerate and diazinon were determined. Exposures were 96-h static renewal tests that used standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute toxicity test methods. After pesticide exposures, larvae were evaluated for carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activity, and histopathological effects. Carboxylesterase activity was examined because of its potential influence on the toxicity of both organ-ophosphates and pyrethroids. In vivo studies demonstrated that diazinon significantly inhibited carboxylesterase activity at nominal water concentrations as low as 50 mug/L. However, esfenvalerate did not affect carboxylesterase activity at any concentration tested. Liver glycogen depletion was the only histopathological effect observed; this effect was demonstrated with the individual pesticides and pesticide combinations (i.e., mixtures). The combinations of diazinon and esfenvalerate causing acute toxicity to fathead minnow larvae appeared to be greater than additive (i.e., synergistic) in all three tests. C1 US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Denton, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM denton.debra@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05707, P42 ES04699, R37 ES02710] NR 39 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0336:JATOEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 637HC UT WOS:000180504800014 PM 12558165 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP AF Burkhard, LP TI Factors influencing the design of bioaccumulation factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor field studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation factors; biota-sediment accumulation factors; sampling design AB A series of modeling simulations was performed to evaluate the underlying factors and principles that drive the uncertainty in measured bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for fish, and to determine which sampling designs minimize those uncertainties. Temporal variability of chemical concentrations in the water column, and the metabolism rate and n-octanol-water partition coefficient (K-OW) for the chemical were determined to be the dominant factors that influenced the field-sampling design. Spatial variability of the chemical concentrations, food web structure, and the sediment-water column concentration quotient had a lesser importance upon the overall design. The simulations also demonstrated that collection of composite water samples in comparison to grab water samples resulted in reductions in the uncertainties associated with measured BAFs. Some illustrative sampling design structures for BAF and BSAF measurements based upon the temporal variability of chemical concentrations in the water column and the metabolism rate and K-OW for the chemical were developed. These illustrative designs provided a sense of how sampling design structures, that is, the number and spacing over time of sampling events, might be influenced by differences in temporal variabilities, metabolism rates, and K-OW. Although the importance of spatial variability was discounted as a major factor in the design process, sampling of water and sediment across the immediate home range of the sampled organism is required for successful measurements because poor spatial coordination of organism, water, or sediment samples will yield BAFs and BSAFs with large and unknown biases. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0351:FITDOB>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 637HC UT WOS:000180504800016 PM 12558167 ER PT J AU McClain, JS Oris, JT Burton, GA Lattier, D AF McClain, JS Oris, JT Burton, GA Lattier, D TI Laboratory and field validation of multiple molecular biomarkers of contaminant exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trout; CYP1A1; vitellogenin; metallothionein; in situ ID METALLOTHIONEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; VITELLOGENIN GENE; MESSENGER-RNA; INDUCTION; LIVER; CDNA; DNA; FLOUNDER AB Novel primers for three different genes (CYP1A1, vitellogenin, and metallothionein) for use in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were developed and tested in laboratory flow-through experiments using model compounds benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol, and cadmium. Field validations of the molecular biomarkers, were performed using 8-d or 48-h in situ, caged exposure of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Expression levels of gene transcription (messenger RNA [mRNA]) were monitored in gill and liver tissue after exposure at sites downstream of a known source of creosote contamination in the Little Scioto River (Marion, OH, USA) and metals and hydrocarbon contamination in Dick's Creek (Middletown, OH, USA). Significant increases of liver cytochrome P4501A1 gene (CYP1A1) and vitellogenin were measured in both streams at sites downstream of contaminant sources. Significant increases of gill CYP1A1 were also observed. Significant increases of gill and liver metallothionein occurred in Dick's Creek. A sample of gill tissue taken from each fish prior to placement in the Little Scioto River provided a pre-exposure control measurement for each individual. Expression of CYP1A1 and vitellogenin in trout at both streams indicated that exposure to bioavailable hydrocarbons and endocrine-disrupting compounds had taken place. Previous to this study, estrogenic compounds had not been detected in the Little Scioto River. Metallothionein expression confirmed the presence of metals in Dick's Creek. These results suggest a mixed contaminant environment that poses physiological hazard to existing teleost populations. Multiple molecular biomarkers provided a sensitive, physiologically based method of determining contaminant presence and bioavailability to aquatic organisms. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP McClain, JS (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0361:LAFVOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 637HC UT WOS:000180504800017 PM 12558168 ER PT J AU Norton, SB Rao, L Suter, G Cormier, SM AF Norton, SB Rao, L Suter, G Cormier, SM TI Minimizing cognitive errors in site-specific causal assessments SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; ecoepidemiology; strength-of-evidence ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFERENCE AB Interest in causal investigations in aquatic systems has been a natural outgrowth of the increased use of biological monitoring to characterize the condition of resources. Although biological monitoring approaches are critical tools for detecting whether effects are occurring, they do not identify the cause of the observed effects. Formal approaches to causal evaluation can provide a mechanism to build on expert knowledge, increasing the likelihood that remedial efforts will achieve the desired environmental improvement. This paper examines how formal approaches to causal investigations minimize common errors. We reviewed common cognitive errors reported in the literature, and compared them with considerations suggested for strength-of-evidence approaches. Many of the causal considerations are directed toward distinguishing spurious correlations from true causal relationships. However, this is only one type of error; others include hypothesis dependence, confirmation bias, hypothesis tenacity and anchoring. We suggest three general principles for minimizing error in site-specific investigations: (1) Conduct the causal evaluation as a fair, transparent comparison among alternatives; (2) Carefully describe and quantify the conjunction of cause and effect; and (3) Consider that conjunction between cause and effect is spurious, or that a real conjunction was masked. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Norton, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1080/713609860 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900014 ER PT J AU Munns, WR Kroes, R Veith, G Suter, GW Damstra, T Waters, MD AF Munns, WR Kroes, R Veith, G Suter, GW Damstra, T Waters, MD TI Approaches for integrated risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE human health risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; integrated risk assessment ID MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS; HEALTH AB Recognizing the need to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of risk assessments globally, the World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the European Commission, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development developed a collaborative partnership to foster integration of assessment approaches used to evaluate human health and ecological risks. The objectives of this effort included: improving understanding of the benefits of integration, identifying obstacles to the integration process, and engaging key agencies, organizations, and scientific societies to promote integration. A framework with supporting documentation was developed to describe an approach for integration. Four case studies were constructed to illustrate how integrated risk assessments might be conducted for chemical and nonchemical stressors. The concepts and approaches developed in the project were evaluated in an international workshop. The goal of this effort was international acceptance of guidance for integrated risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. WHO, Interreg Res Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Munns, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1080/713609863 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900017 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Munns, WR Sekizawa, J AF Suter, GW Munns, WR Sekizawa, J TI Types of integration in risk assessment and management, and why they are needed SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE integration; risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; data quality objectives AB Risk-based decision making requires that the decision makers and stakeholders are informed of all risks that are potentially significant and relevant to the decision. The International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization has developed a framework for integrating the assessment of human health and ecological risks. However, other types of integration are needed to support particular environmental decisions. They are integration of exposure and effects, of multiple chemicals and other hazardous agents, of multiple routes of exposure, of multiple endpoints, multiple receptors, multiple spatial and temporal scales, a product's life cycle, management alternatives, and socioeconomics with risk assessment. Inclusion of all these factors in an integrated assessment could lead to paralysis by analysis. Therefore, it is important that assessors be cognizant of the decision process and that decision makers and those who will influence the decision (stakeholders) be involved in planning the assessment to ensure that the degree of integration is necessary and sufficient. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Informat Chem Safety, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin L King Dr,MS-117, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1080/713609864 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900018 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Vermeire, T Munns, WR Sekizawa, J AF Suter, GW Vermeire, T Munns, WR Sekizawa, J TI Framework for the integration of health and ecological risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; integration; guidance; ecological risk; health risk ID SENTINELS; ENVIRONMENT; SCIENCE AB The World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have developed a collaborative partnership to foster integration of assessment approaches for human health and ecological risks. This paper presents the framework developed by that group. Integration provides coherent expressions of assessment results, incorporates the interdependence of humans and the environment, uses sentinel organisms, and improves the efficiency and quality of assessments relative to independent human health and ecological risk assessments. The paper describes how integration can occur within each component of risk assessment, and communicates the benefits of integration at each point. The goal of this effort is to promote the use of this internationally accepted guidance as a basis for harmonization of risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Toxicol Advisory Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Informat Chem Safety, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin L King Dr,MS-117, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 281 EP 301 DI 10.1080/713609865 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900019 ER PT J AU Ross, PS Birnbaum, LS AF Ross, PS Birnbaum, LS TI Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans and wildlife SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk; humans; wildlife; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); integration ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SEAL PHOCA-VITULINA; GREAT-LAKES; HARBOR SEALS; VITAMIN-A; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; IMMUNE STATUS AB Since the mid-1900s, the global environment has become increasingly contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), including many with dioxin-like properties. These compounds generally have low water solubility, do not degrade readily in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and have been linked to adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. The presence of such compounds in terrestrial and aquatic food chains is relevant to those concerned with both human health and environmental protection because of the many common exposure pathways and biological effects among different species. In the past, some chemicals with health risks for humans have been identified following reports of adverse effects in wildlife. Integrating human and ecological risk assessments may improve society's ability to manage the design, manufacture, use and disposal of chemicals in a safe and efficient manner. This can be demonstrated with this case study, which summarizes approaches to evaluating the sources, transport and fate of certain POPs, used largely in the past, and their associated health risks to humans and biota. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Studies, Marine Environm Qual Sect, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ross, PS (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Studies, Marine Environm Qual Sect, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NR 92 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 36 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 303 EP 324 DI 10.1080/727073292 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900020 ER PT J AU Sekizawa, J Suter, G Birnbaum, L AF Sekizawa, J Suter, G Birnbaum, L TI Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE organotin compound; imposex; immune toxicity; reproductive effects; integrated assessment ID HUMAN HEALTH RISKS; MARINE MAMMALS; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; COASTAL WATERS; ACCUMULATION; APOPTOSIS; CELLS; THYMOCYTES; PRODUCTS AB Tributyltin and triphenyltin (TBT and TPT) are biocides that have been used to prevent fouling of boats, preserve wood, kill molluscs, and other uses. Due to observed effects on oysters and snails, their use in boat paints has been banned in many nations. However, use on ships and some uses other than as antifouling paints continue. These uses, the relative persistence of these compounds, their tendency to bioaccumulate, and their toxicity cause lingering concerns about risks to humans and non-human organisms. This paper outlines an integrated assessment of TBT and TPT. Based on prior human health and ecological assessments, it suggests that an integrated assessment that recognized common pathways of transport, fate and exposure, and common modes of action would be more efficient and complete than additional independent assessments. The presentation of risks in an integrated manner could also lead to better decisions by defining the various benefits of any management action. C1 Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div ChemBio Informat, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sekizawa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div ChemBio Informat, Setagaya Ku, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.1080/718990536 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900021 ER PT J AU Vermeire, T MacPhail, R Waters, M AF Vermeire, T MacPhail, R Waters, M TI Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of organophosphorous pesticides in the environment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE integrated; organophosphorous; pesticides ID EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; SUBSTANCES; RECEPTORS; FAMILIES AB This study was chosen as an example of integrated risk assessment because organophosphorous esters (OPs) share exposure characteristics for different species, including human beings and because a common mechanism of action can be identified. The "Framework for the integration of health and ecological risk assessment" is being tested against a deterministic integrated environmental health risk assessment for OPs used in a typical farming community. It is argued that the integrated approach helps both the risk manager and the risk assessor in formulating a more holistic approach toward the risk of the use of OP-esters. It avoids conclusions based on incomplete assessments or on separate assessments. The database available can be expanded and results can be expressed in a more coherent manner. In the integrated exposure assessment of OPs, the risk assessments for human beings and the environment share many communalities with regards to sources and emissions, distribution routes and exposure scenarios. The site of action of OPs, acetylcholinesterase, has been established in a vast array of species, including humans. It follows that in the integrated approach the effects assessment for various species will show communalities in reported effects and standard setting approaches. In the risk characterization, a common set of evidence, common criteria, and common interpretations of those criteria are used to determine the cause of human and ecological effects that co-occur or are apparently associated with exposure to OPs. Results of health and ecological risk assessments are presented in a common format that facilitates comparison of results. It avoids acceptable risk conclusions with regard to the environment, which are unacceptable with regard to human risk and vice versa. Risk managers will be prompted to a more balanced judgement and understanding and acceptance of risk reduction measures will be facilitated. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vermeire, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1080/718990537 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900022 ER PT J AU Hansen, L Hedtke, SF Munns, WR AF Hansen, L Hedtke, SF Munns, WR TI Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of ultraviolet radiation effects on amphibians, coral, humans, and oceanic primary productivity SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; integrated risk assessment; amphibians; coral; humans; oceanic primary productivity ID UV-B PENETRATION; MARINE DIATOM; TOXICITY; LAKES; ACIDIFICATION; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE; INPUTS; LIGHT AB Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a naturally occurring stressor to most forms of life. The sole relevant source of this stressor is the sun. The Earth's stratospheric ozone layer reduces the amount of UVR that reaches the Earth's surface. The potential for continued depletion of this ozone layer and environmental changes that increase the penetrance of aquatic habitat, both due to human activities, and the subsequent increase in UVR are global environmental concerns for both humans and ecosystems. An integrated risk assessment provides efficiency in data gathering, analysis and reporting by enabling risk assessors to use the combined knowledge from many disciplines to evaluate overall risk. This report describes the steps and example information that could be used for an integrated risk assessment but is not an actual risk assessment with all its associated calculations and conclusions. It is intended to illustrate the advantages of the integrated risk assessment approach for evaluating adverse effects of a nonchemical stressor. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hansen, L (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 359 EP 377 DI 10.1080/718990535 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900023 ER PT J AU Munns, WR Suter, GW Damstra, T Kroes, R Reiter, LW Marafante, E AF Munns, WR Suter, GW Damstra, T Kroes, R Reiter, LW Marafante, E TI Integrated risk assessment - Results from an international workshop SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE human health risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; integrated risk assessment ID MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS AB The World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety and international partners have developed a framework for integrated assessment of human health and ecological risks and four case studies. An international workshop was convened to consider how ecological and health risk assessments might be integrated, the benefits of and obstacles to integration, and the research and mechanisms needed to facilitate implementation of. integrated risk assessment. Using the case studies, workshop participants identified a number of opportunities to integrate the assessment process. Improved assessment quality, efficiency, and predictive capability were considered to be principal benefits of integration. Obstacles to acceptance and implementation of integrated risk assessment included the disciplinary and organizational barriers between ecological and health disciplines. A variety of mechanisms were offered to overcome these obstacles. Research recommendations included harmonization of exposure characterization and surveillance methods and models, development of common risk endpoints across taxa, improved understanding of mechanisms of effect at multiple scales of biological organization, and development of methods to facilitate comparison of risks among endpoints. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. WHO, Interreg Res Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Utrecht, IRAS, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Munns, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1080/713609870 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900024 ER PT J AU Kongerud, J Crissman, K Hatch, G Alexis, N AF Kongerud, J Crissman, K Hatch, G Alexis, N TI Ascorbic acid is decreased in induced sputum of mild asthmatics SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS; LINING FLUID; GLUTATHIONE; ANTIOXIDANT; DEFICIENCY; EXPOSURE; FIBROSIS; STRESS AB Asthma is primarily an airways inflammatory disease, and the bronchial airways have been shown to be particularly susceptible to oxidant-induced tissue damage. The antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA) plays an essential role in defending against oxidant attack in the airways. Decreased levels of AA have been reported in the plasma and BAL fluid of asthmatics, but not at the site directly proximal to asthma pathology, the bronchial airways. We investigated whether asthmatics have deficient levels of AA in the airways compared to healthy subjects. We performed induced sputum (IS) in a group of mild asthmatics (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 18) in order to compare constitutive levels of antioxidants in the airways of these two groups. We report that asthmatics had significantly decreased AA in both the cellular (17 +/- 3 ng/10(6) cells vs. 40 +/- 4 ng/10(6) cells) and fluid-phase fraction (616 +/- 152 ng/ml vs. 937 +/- 161 ng/ml) of the IS sample compared to normals. No differences were found with glutathione (GSH) and alpha-tocopherol. These results suggest that AA deficiency may be either an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmatic airways inflammation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Oslo, Natl Hosp, Dept Thorac Med, Oslo, Norway. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Alexis, N (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1080/08958370390168184 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 636CH UT WOS:000180436600001 PM 12528041 ER PT J AU Anigbogu, VC Woldeab, H Garrison, AW Avants, JK AF Anigbogu, VC Woldeab, H Garrison, AW Avants, JK TI Enantioseparation of malathion, cruformate, and fensulfothion organophosphorus pesticides by mixed-mode electrokinetic capillary chromatography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chiral separation; mixed-mode electrokinetic capillary chromatography; chiral organophosphorus pesticides; fensulfothion; cruformate (ruelene); malathion ID BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL SEPARATIONS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DETERMINATION; ENANTIOMER SEPARATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROPHORESIS; SELECTIVITY; PRODUCTS AB Mixed-mode electrokinetic capillary chromatography (mixed-mode ECC) has been used for the enantioseparation of organophosphorus pesticides. In mixed-ECC, a combination of three pseudostationary phases including surfactants, neutral, and charged cyclodextrins, are used to resolve very challenging enantioseparation problems. The conditions mimic a mixture of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) and dual-cyclodextrin electrokinetic capillary chromatography (dual-CECC) conditions. In this work SDS, carboxymethyl-o-CD, hydroxypropyl-BCD, and organic modifiers were mixed at various concentrations in order to achieve enantioseparation of three organophosphorus pesticides - cruformate (ruelene), malathion, and fensulfothion. The best condition for separation of ruelene enantiomers was by using a mixture of 70 mM SDS/15 mM carboxymethyl-BCD/45 mM hydroxypropyl-BCD/20% (v/v) acetonitrile in 20 mM borate buffer at pH 8.6, with applied voltage of 25 kV at 25degreesC. Malathion enantiomers were successfully resolved using either 10 mM SDS/50 mM CM-BCD/40 mM hydroxypropyl-BCD or 50mM CM-BCD/50 mM hydroxypropyl-BCD/20% (v/v) methanol in 20 mM borate buffer. Fensulfothion enantiomers were successfully resolved using a mixture of 75 mM SDS/12.5 mM carboxymethyl-BCD/45 mM hydroxypropyl-BCD in the same 20 mM borate buffer. The results demonstrate the versatility of the mixed-mode ECC technique in handling very difficult separations such as the organophosphoramidate enantiomers. It offers options for selectivity control by combining three or more pseudostationary phases in the background electrolyte (BGE). The approach to optimization in mixed-mode ECC is generally more straightforward than the use of a solid stationary phase(s) in HPLC. In theory, the separation selectivity of such mixed-mode ECC system can be modified to the extremes of MECC and the dual-CECC of the chiral selectors. C1 Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Environm Qual Management, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Anigbogu, VC (reprint author), Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Environm Qual Management, 266 Lee St, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1080/0306731021000048018 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676LD UT WOS:000182752800001 ER PT J AU Bassett, MV Wendelken, SC Pepich, BV Munch, DJ AF Bassett, MV Wendelken, SC Pepich, BV Munch, DJ TI Improvements to EPA method 531.1 for the analysis of carbamates that resulted in the development of US EPA method 531.2 SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; N-METHYLCARBAMATE PESTICIDES; WATER; PHTHALALDEHYDE C1 Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bassett, MV (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 653YD UT WOS:000181463900010 PM 12639259 ER PT J AU Paul, JF AF Paul, JF TI Developing and applying an index of environmental integrity for the US Mid-Atlantic region SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mid-Atlantic United States; multiresource assessment; environmental integrity; ecological index; environmental report card; estuaries; streams ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES AB Environmental conditions in the Mid-Atlantic region of United States are presently being documented in a series of reports that use,environmental report cards' to summarize the condition of individual natural resources (e.g. estuaries, streams, forests, and landscapes) over the entire region and within major subregions. An 'index of environmental integrity' (10) approach has been developed and is illustrated using the information content of these report cards to evaluate the overall condition throughout the region. The IEI approach is a four-step process: (1) select individual components for the index, (2) calculate subindex values for each of the individual components, (3) aggregate the subindex values into the overall index, and (4) interpretation of index values. The IEI approach was illustrated by applying to the Mid-Atlantic estuaries and wadable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. Because the IEI approach is new, application should not be made without considering issues such as evaluation of the selection of the indicators, weighting scheme, uncertainties, and appropriate way to interpret the values. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Paul, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B205-1, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM paul.john@epa.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00206-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 668ZJ UT WOS:000182327200008 PM 12654278 ER PT J AU Meckes, MC Johnson, CH Rice, EW AF Meckes, MC Johnson, CH Rice, EW TI Survival of Salmonella in waste egg wash water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENS; BACTERIA AB Waste wash waters from chicken egg-processing facilities can harbor high densities of bacteria, including salmonellae. For this study, we enumerated total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in the egg wash waters of a large egg producer. We then determined how long these organisms would survive at temperatures of 5, 15, and 25degreesC. We found that the fraction of salmonellae surviving over time at a given temperature was comparable to the fraction of indicator organisms that survived. We also found that the survival of these organisms varied with temperature, with 16, 8, and <2 days being required for a 90% reduction of Salmonella in waste wash water held at 5, 15, and 25degreesC, respectively. Finally, we noted that the response of laboratory-derived cultures to environmental stresses mimics the response of the indigenous microbial population, but individual cells within that population may survive for longer periods than laboratory-cultured strains. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Meckes, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 643YA UT WOS:000180890100010 PM 12597482 ER PT J AU Haines, JR Koran, KM Holder, EL Venosa, AD AF Haines, JR Koran, KM Holder, EL Venosa, AD TI Protocol for laboratory testing of crude-oil bioremediation products in freshwater conditions SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; oil spill; product test protocol; freshwater ID PROBABLE-NUMBER; ALPINE SOILS; DIESEL-OIL; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; SPILL AB In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (EPA, NRMRL), with the National Environmental Technology Application Center (NETAC). developed a protocol for evaluation of bioremediation products in marine environments [18]. The marine protocol was adapted for application in freshwater environments by using a chemically defined medium and an oil-degrading consortium as a positive control. Four products were tested using the modified protocol: two with nutrients and an oleophilic component: one with nutrients, sorbent, and organisms; and one microbial stimulant. A separate experiment evaluated the use of HEPES and MOPSO buffers as replacements for phosphate buffer. The oleophilic nutrient products yielded oil degradation similar to the positive control. with an average alkane removal of 97.1 +/- 2.3% and an aromatic hydrocarbon removal of 64.8 +/- 1.2%. The positive control. which received inoculum plus nutrients. demonstrated alkane degradation of 98.9 +/- 0.1% and aromatic degradation of 52.9 +/- 0.1%. The sorbent-based product with inoculum failed to demonstrate oil degradation, while the microbial stimulant showed less oil degradation than the positive control. Replacement of phosphate buffer with other buffers had no significant effect on one product's performance. Differences in product performance were easily distinguishable using the protocol. and performance targets for alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation are suggested. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Haines, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haines.john@epa.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s10295-002-0018-9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 664YD UT WOS:000182091600005 PM 12612785 ER PT J AU Gonzales, M Neas, LM Walsh, D Rhoney, S AF Gonzales, M Neas, LM Walsh, D Rhoney, S TI Disparities in asthma status and symptoms among children of Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanics parents in a US-Mexico border city. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Hlth Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 521 BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600527 ER PT J AU John, DE Nwachuku, N Pepper, IL Gerba, CP AF John, DE Nwachuku, N Pepper, IL Gerba, CP TI Development and optimization of a quantitative cell culture infectivity assay for the microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinalis and application to ultraviolet light inactivation SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE disinfection; Encephalitozoon intestinalis; inactivation; infectivity method; microsporidia; ultraviolet (UV) light ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CUNICULI; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; DIARRHEA; RABBITS; PATIENT; AIDS; ENUMERATION; OOCYSTS AB Microsporidia are unique parasites recognized as a major cause of intestinal illness among immunocompromised patients and occasionally in otherwise healthy hosts. These organisms have been detected in water and are likely transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The most common human pathogenic microsporidia for which cell culture methods have been established is Encephalitozoon intestinalis. This study describes the development of a quantitative cell culture infectivity assay for E. intestinalis and its application to assess inactivation by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The method described here employs calcofluor white, a fluorescent brightener that targets the chitin spore wall, to visualize groups of developing spores in order to confirm infectivity. Serial dilutions of the spore suspension were seeded into tissue Culture well slides containing RK-13 cells. Slides were then rinsed, fixed in methanol and stained with calcofluor white and examined microscopically. Large masses of developing spores were easily visible on infected cell monolayers. Positive and negative wells at each dilution step were used to quantify the number of infectious spores in the original suspension using a most-probable-number (MPN) statistical analysis. This assay was used to evaluate the disinfecting potential of ultraviolet light on E. intestinalis spores in water. The ultraviolet dose required for a 3-log(10) or 99.9% reduction in the number of infective spores was determined to be 8.43 MW S/cm(2). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Room 429,Shantz Bldg 38, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2003 VL 52 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00159-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00159-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 638YD UT WOS:000180599700002 PM 12459239 ER PT J AU Younos, T de Leon, R Lewicki, C AF Younos, T de Leon, R Lewicki, C TI Integrating service-learning into watershed management programs: Opportunities and challenges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed management; service-learning; university/community partnership; experiential learning AB The objective of this article is to open a dialogue on integrating service-learning into community based watershed management programs and to discuss opportunities and challenges that a service-learning program presents to universities and communities. The article presents the concept and definition of service-learning, and arguments concerning why institutions of higher education and university faculty and students should be involved with community based watershed management programs. The article describes a case study for developing a service-learning program for watershed management at Virginia Tech and discusses lessons learned from the case study. The paper concluded that to make a service-learning program sustainable, there should be a long term plan, regular and effective communication with the stakeholders, and some incentives for faculty and students for long term commitment to the community based watershed management programs. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. GIS Analyst 2, Scotland, MD 20687 USA. US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Younos, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, 10 Sandy Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tyounos@vt.edu RI Lindsay, Jen/O-3093-2015 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01556.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 656PY UT WOS:000181617200001 ER PT J AU Isaacson, S AF Isaacson, S TI The other side of welfare: Real stories from a single mother. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 128 IS 2 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 673WL UT WOS:000182603200175 ER PT J AU Hodges, LC Cook, JD Lobenhofer, EK Li, LP Bennett, L Bushel, PR Aldaz, CM Afshari, CA Walker, CL AF Hodges, LC Cook, JD Lobenhofer, EK Li, LP Bennett, L Bushel, PR Aldaz, CM Afshari, CA Walker, CL TI Tamoxifen functions as a molecular agonist inducing cell cycle-associated genes in breast cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; QUINONE REDUCTASE GENE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; ANTIESTROGEN TAMOXIFEN; E-CDK2 ACTIVATION; IN-VITRO; C-FOS AB Tamoxifen is a widely used breast cancer therapeutic and preventative agent. Although functioning as an estrogen antagonist at the cellular level, transcriptional profiling revealed that at the molecular level, tamoxifen functions largely as an agonist, virtually recapitulating the gene expression profile induced in breast cancer cells by estrogen. Remarkably, tamoxifen induces transcription factors and genes involved in promoting cell cycle progression including fos, myc, myb, cdc25a, cyclins E and A2, and stk15 with kinetics that paralleled that of cells cycling in response to estrogen, even though tamoxifen-treated cells are not transiting through the cell cycle. Induction of cell cycle-associated genes was specific for tamoxifen, and did not occur with raloxifene. However, cyclin D1 was a key estrogen-induced gene not expressed in response to tamoxifen or raloxifene but constitutively expressed in tamoxifen-resistant cells. C1 UT MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Sci Pk Res Div, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Walker, CL (reprint author), UT MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Sci Pk Res Div, POB 389, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. EM cwalker@odin.mdacc.tmc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07784, ES98263] NR 52 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 1 IS 4 BP 300 EP 311 PG 12 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 761EX UT WOS:000187888800006 PM 12612058 ER PT J AU Burroughs, KD Oh, J Barrett, JC DiAugustine, RP AF Burroughs, KD Oh, J Barrett, JC DiAugustine, RP TI Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Mek1/2 are necessary for insulin-like growth factor-I-induced vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in prostate epithelial cells: A role for hypoxia-inducible factor-1? SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR VEGF EXPRESSION; DOMINANT-NEGATIVE MUTANT; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; CANCER CELLS; FACTOR RECEPTOR; FACTOR 1-ALPHA; BREAST-CANCER; FACTOR GENE; ANTISENSE RNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION AB Due to the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the neovascularization of solid tumors, a clear understanding of how VEGF is regulated in normal and tumor cells is warranted. We investigated insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-stimulated signaling pathways that increase the rate of VEGF synthesis in primary cultures of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC). IGF-I increased the secretion of VEGF(165) into PrEC growth medium and stimulated transcription of a reporter gene driven by a 1.5-kb region of the VEGF promoter. Inhibition of either phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) or Mek1/2 signaling pathways completely abrogated the IGF-I-induced increase in VEGF secretion and promoter activity, indicating a dependence on coordinate signaling from both pathways to produce this effect. Levels of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and Fos were elevated in response to IGF-I in a PI3-K-dependent and Mek1/2-dependent manner, respectively. The expression of an activator protein (AP)-1 dominant negative in an immortalized prostate epithelial cell line PZ-HPV-7 suppressed the IGF-I-induced increase in VEGF promoter activity. Mutation of the hypoxia response element (HRE), which mediates hypoxic stimulation of VEGF transcription, did not inhibit the effect of IGF-I on the VEGF promoter, despite the fact that this mutation inhibited PI3-K-stimulated VEGF promoter activity in prostate cancer cells. These data indicate that PI3-K signaling does not increase VEGF transcription through transactivation by HIF-1 at the HRE in normal PrEC. This work also suggests that an additional signal, not stimulated by IGF-I in PrEC, is needed for HIF-1 to stimulate transcription from the VEGF HRE. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Hormones & Canc Grp, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP DiAugustine, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Hormones & Canc Grp, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop D4-04,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM diaugus2@niehs.nih.gov NR 70 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 1 IS 4 BP 312 EP 322 PG 11 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 761EX UT WOS:000187888800007 PM 12612059 ER PT J AU Andersen, CP AF Andersen, CP TI Source-sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE carbohydrate signaling; carbon allocation; rhizodeposition; roots; soil processes; source-sink balance; symbionts; tropospheric ozone ID PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; JUVENILE DOUGLAS-FIR; OPEN-AIR FUMIGATION; TAEDA L SEEDLINGS; SOIL MG STATUS AB The role of tropospheric ozone in altering plant growth and development has been the subject of thousands of publications over the last several decades. Still, there is limited understanding regarding the possible effects of ozone on soil processes. In this review, the effects of ozone are discussed using the flow of carbon from the atmosphere, through the plant to soils, and back to the atmosphere as a framework. A conceptual model based on carbohydrate signaling is used to illustrate physiological changes in response to ozone, and to discuss possible feedbacks that may occur. Despite past emphasis on above-ground effects, ozone has the potential to alter below-ground processes and hence ecosystem characteristics in ways that are not currently being considered. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Andersen, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 185 TC 241 Z9 278 U1 3 U2 55 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 157 IS 2 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00674.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 639CH UT WOS:000180609700004 ER PT J AU Brown, SL Henry, CL Chaney, R Compton, H DeVolder, PS AF Brown, SL Henry, CL Chaney, R Compton, H DeVolder, PS TI Using municipal biosolids in combination with other residuals to restore metal-contaminated mining areas SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cadmium; lead; mine tailings; municipal biosoilids; pulp and paper sludge; residuals; restoration; wood ash ID FLY-ASH; RECLAMATION; TOPSOIL; SOILS AB High metal waste materials from historic mining at the Bunker Hill, Idaho (ID) Superfund site was amended with a range of materials including municipal biosolids, woody debris, wood ash, pulp and paper sludge, and compost. The existing soil or waste material has elevated metal concentrations with total Zn, Pb and Cd ranging from 6000 to 14 700, 2100 to 27 000 and 9 to 28 mg kg(-1), respectively. Surface application of certain amendments including biosolids mixed with wood ash resulted in significant decreases in subsoil acidity as well as subsoil extractable metals. This mixture was sufficient to restore a plant cover to the contaminated areas. At the Bunker Hill site, a surface application of high N biosolids (44 or 66 tons ha(-1)) in combination with wood ash (220 tons ha(-1)) with or without log yard debris (20% by volume) or pulp and paper sludge (44 tons ha(-1)) was able to restore a vegetative cover to the metal contaminated materials for 2 years following amendment application. Plant biomass in 1999 was 0.01 mg ha(-1) in the control versus a mean of 3.4 tons ha(-1) in the residual amended plots. Metal concentrations of the vegetation indicated that plants were within normal concentrations for the 2 years that data were collected. Surface application of amendments was also able to reduce Ca(NO3)(2) extractable Zn in the subsoil from about 50 mg kg(-1) in the control to less than 4 mg kg(-1) in two of the treatments. Use of conventional amendments including lime alone and microbial stimulants were not sufficient to support plant growth. These results indicate that surface application of biosolids in combination with other residuals is sufficient to restore a vegetative cover to high metal mine wastes. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. US EPA, Environm Res Team, Edison, NJ USA. RP Brown, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 116 Z9 129 U1 9 U2 37 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1023/A:1022558013310 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 649JQ UT WOS:000181205000019 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS Maggard, S Shiroyama, T Coleman, CG Johnson, MG Donegan, KK Di Giovanni, G Porteous, LA Lee, EH AF Watrud, LS Maggard, S Shiroyama, T Coleman, CG Johnson, MG Donegan, KK Di Giovanni, G Porteous, LA Lee, EH TI Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L.) frond biomass and rhizosphere microbial community characteristics are correlated to edaphic factors SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE fern rhizosphere; microbial ecology; soil age; soil processes ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; C SOURCE UTILIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; ELEVATED CO2; DIVERSITY; PLANT; SOIL AB Bracken is a broadly distributed weedy fern common in disturbed habitats. Frond and rhizosphere soil samples were obtained from bracken growing in three clearcut locations in the Willamette National Forest in western Oregon. The highest frond biomass was correlated with soil having the highest total %N, lowest Fe content and oldest geological age. Based on analysis of variance of principal component scores for patterns of utilization of substrates on Biolog GN plates, metabolic profiles of rhizosphere microbial communities of bracken differed significantly between locations. Utilization of carbohydrates and phosphorylated compounds was positively correlated with organic matter (OM) and total N and negatively correlated with extractable Fe and Mn content of soil. Carboxylic acid utilization was positively correlated with pH and OM and negatively correlated with extractable Mn and P content of soils. Pseudomonas rDNA fingerprints of bracken rhizosphere samples suggested that the diversity of pseudomonads at the location with the most acidic (pH 5.5) soil (Burnside Road) differed from those at less acidic (pH 6.2 and 6.1) locations (Falls Creek and Toad Road). Mycorrhizal infection of bracken was lowest at Falls Creek, the location with the highest %N soil content. Our results suggest that bracken frond biomass and rhizosphere microbial community characteristics are correlated with local edaphic factors such as soil chemistry and geological age. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Natl Asian Pacific Ctr Aging, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epamail.epa.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 2 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1023/A:1022885100254 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658XE UT WOS:000181745700012 ER PT J AU Albertini, R Clewell, H Himmelstein, MW Morinello, E Olin, S Preston, J Scarano, L Smith, MT Swenberg, J Tice, R Travis, C AF Albertini, R Clewell, H Himmelstein, MW Morinello, E Olin, S Preston, J Scarano, L Smith, MT Swenberg, J Tice, R Travis, C TI The use of non-tumor data in cancer risk assessment: reflections on butadiene, vinyl chloride, and benzene SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer; risk assessment; biomarkers; 1,3-butadiene; benzene; vinyl chloride; principles ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; DNA-ADDUCTS; B6C3F1 MICE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS AB The estimation and characterization of a cancer risk is grounded in the observation of tumors in humans and/or experimental animals. Increasingly, however, other kinds of data (non-tumor data) are finding application in cancer risk assessment. Metabolism and kinetics, adduct formation, genetic damage, mode of action, and biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effects are examples. While these and other parameters have been studied for many important chemicals over the past 30-40 years, their use in risk assessments is more recent, and new insights and opportunities are continuing to unfold. To provide some perspective on this field, the ILSI Risk Science Institute asked a select working group to characterize the pertinent non-tumor data available for 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and vinyl chloride and to comment on the utility of these data in characterizing cancer risks. This paper presents the findings of that working group and concludes with 15 simple principles for the use of non-tumor data in cancer risk assessment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 ILSI, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. ENVIRON Int, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. DuPont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Quest Technol, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. RP Olin, S (reprint author), ILSI, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA16086]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES01896, ES07126, ES11746, P30-ES10126, P42ES04705, P42ES05948, R01ES06721] NR 174 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 105 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0273-2300(02)00019-3 PG 28 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 665LA UT WOS:000182120900011 PM 12662914 ER PT J AU Rice, DC Schoeny, R Mahaffey, K AF Rice, DC Schoeny, R Mahaffey, K TI Methods and rationale for derivation of a reference dose for methylmercury by the US EPA SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Childrens Environmental Health CY APR 23-24, 2001 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA DE methylmercury; risk assessment; reference dose; Environmental Protection Agency; neuropsychological effects ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; MATERNAL FISH DIET; SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; SUBJECTIVE COMPLAINTS; MINAMATA DISEASE; MERCURY; NEUROTOXICITY; OUTCOMES; AGE; CONSUMPTION AB In 2001, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency derived a reference dose (RfD) for methylmercury, which is a daily intake that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. This derivation used a series of benchmark dose (BMD) analyses provided by a National Research Council (NRC) panel convened to assess the health effects of methylmercury. Analyses were performed for a number of endpoints from three large longitudinal cohort studies of the neuropsychological consequences of in utero exposure to methylmercury: the Faroe Islands, Seychelles Islands, and New Zealand studies. Adverse effects were identified in the Faroe Islands and New Zealand studies, but not in the Seychelles Islands. The NRC also performed an integrative analysis of all three studies. The EPA applied a total uncertainty factor (UF) of 10 for intrahuman toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic variability and uncertainty. Dose conversion from cord blood mercury concentrations to maternal methylmercury intake was performed using a one-compartment model. Derivation of potential RfDs from a number of endpoints from the Faroe Islands study converged on 0.1 mug/kg/day, as did the integrative analysis of all three studies. EPA identified several areas for which further information or analyses is needed. Perhaps the most immediately relevant is the ratio of cord:maternal blood mercury concentration, as well as the variability around this ratio. EPA assumed in its dose conversion that the ratio was 1.0; however, available data suggest it is perhaps 1.5-2.0. Verification of a deviation from unity presumably would be translated directly into comparable reduction in the RfD. Other areas that EPA identified as significant areas requiring further attention are cardiovascular consequences of methylmercury exposure and delayed neurotoxicity during aging as a result of previous developmental or adult exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substance, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rice, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MC 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 38 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00294 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679AN UT WOS:000182899000010 PM 12635727 ER PT J AU Hattis, D Ginsberg, G Sonawane, B Smolenski, S Russ, A Kozlak, M Goble, R AF Hattis, D Ginsberg, G Sonawane, B Smolenski, S Russ, A Kozlak, M Goble, R TI Differences in pharmacokinetics between children and Adults - II. Children's variability in drug elimination half-lives and in some parameters needed for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Childrens Environmental Health CY APR 23-24, 2001 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA DE interindividual variability; risk assessment; physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling; susceptibility ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CHILDHOOD; ADIPOSITY; FATNESS; AGE; ADOLESCENCE; INFANTS AB In earlier work we assembled a database of classical pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., elimination half-lives; volumes of distribution) in children and adults. These data were then analyzed to define mean differences between adults and children of various age groups. In this article, we first analyze the variability in half-life observations where individual data exist. The major findings are as follows. The age groups defined in the earlier analysis of arithmetic mean data (0-1 week premature; 0-1 week full term; 1 week to 2 months; 2-6 months; 6 months to 2 years; 2-12 years; and 12-18 years) are reasonable for depicting child/adult pharmacokinctic differences, but data for some of the earliest age groups are highly variable. The fraction of individual children's half-lives observed to exceed the adult mean half-life by more than the 3.2-fold uncertainty factor commonly attributed to interindividual pharmacokinetic variability is 27% (16/59) for the 0-1 week age group, and 19% (5/26) in the 1 week to 2 month age group, compared to 0/87 for all the other age groups combined between 2 months and 18 years. Children within specific age groups appear to differ from adults with respect to the amount of variability and the form of the distribution of half-lives across the population. The data indicate departure from simple unimodal distributions, particularly in the 1 week to 2 month age group, suggesting that key developmental steps affecting drug removal tend to occur in that period. Finally, in preparation for age-dependent physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, nationally representative NHANES III data are analyzed for distributions of body size and fat content. The data from about age 3 to age 10 reveal important departures from simple unimodal distributional forms-in the direction suggesting a subpopulation of children that are markedly heavier than those in the major mode. For risk assessment modeling, this means that analysts will need to consider "mixed" distributions (e.g., two or more normal or log-normal modes) in which the proportions of children falling within the major versus high-weight/fat modes in the mixture changes as a function of age. Biologically, the most natural interpretation of this is that these subpopulations represent children who have or have not yet received particular signals for change in growth pattern. These apparently distinct subpopulations would be expected to exhibit different disposition of xenobiotics, particularly those that are highly lipophilic and poorly metabolized. C1 Clark Univ, Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hattis, D (reprint author), Clark Univ, Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 117 EP 142 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00295 PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679AN UT WOS:000182899000011 PM 12635728 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Watrud, LS Maggard, S Shiroyama, T Rygiewicz, PT AF Hobbie, EA Watrud, LS Maggard, S Shiroyama, T Rygiewicz, PT TI Carbohydrate use and assimilation by litter and soil fungi assessed by carbon isotopes and BIOLOG (R) assays SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE saprotrophic fungi; carbohydrates; carbon isotopes; Biolog; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID METABOLIC DIVERSITY; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB Soil fungi are integral to decomposition in forests and other habitats, yet identifying probable functional roles of different taxa is problematic. Here, we compared carbohydrate assimilation patterns derived from stable isotope analyses on cultures with patterns of metabolic activity measured on Biolog(R) SF-P plates for 12 taxa of soil- and litter-inhabiting saprotrophic fungi isolated from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) ecosystems. To determine the relative assimilation of carbon from malt extract versus sucrose by C-13 stable isotope analyses, we cultured fungi with malt extract (consisting primarily of glucose and maltose) plus either C-3(-) or C-4-derived sucrose as carbon sources. Rhodotorula graminis and F. oxysporum assimilated the highest proportion of sucrose, a Mortierella isolate and an unidentified sterile isolate (FPC 341) assimilated the lowest proportion of sucrose, and remaining cultures assimilated similar and intermediate proportions of sucrose. On Biolog plates, low metabolic activity of Mortierella and FPC 341 on sucrose and R. graminis and F. oxysporum on maltose were qualitatively consistent with isotopic results. Assimilation of sucrose calculated isotopically was correlated with the ratio of sucrose: maltose activity calculated from Biolog assays (r(2) = 0.45, P = 0.0145, n = 12). Metabolic activity on Biolog plates for six other common soil carbohydrates were also determined: glucose, fructose, galactose, cellobiose, lactose, and glycogen. Metabolic activity was greatest overall on maltose and glucose and lowest on fructose. Two of the isolates (Aspergillus flavus and F. oxysporum) had higher metabolic activity on the glucose-containing disaccharide cellobiose than on glucose, strongly suggesting preferential uptake of cellobiose compared to glucose and suggesting the potential ability to use cellulose. The high metabolic activity of these cultures on galactose, a primary constituent of hemicellulose, also suggested cellulolytic capabilities. Our results indicated that stable isotope studies and Biolog assays may provide complementary information to characterize metabolic potential of fungi in forest litter and soil. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM erik.hobbie@unh.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00281-X DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00281-X PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659TC UT WOS:000181792700010 ER PT J AU Anscombe, FR AF Anscombe, FR TI Letter to the editor SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Anscombe, FR (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1 BP 45 EP 46 DI 10.1198/004017002188618680 PG 2 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 638JH UT WOS:000180567500007 ER PT J AU Ress, NB Hailey, JR Maronpot, RR Bucher, JR Travlos, GS Haseman, JK Orzech, DP Johnson, JD Hejtmancik, MR AF Ress, NB Hailey, JR Maronpot, RR Bucher, JR Travlos, GS Haseman, JK Orzech, DP Johnson, JD Hejtmancik, MR TI Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of microencapsulated citral in rats and mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE food additives; fragrance additives; GRAS list; microencapsulation; toxicity; malignant lymphoma; vinyl aldehyde; rats; mice; nephropathy ID ZERO DOSE CONTROL; CORN-OIL GAVAGE; PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; VENTRAL PROSTATE; TOXICITY; CINNAMALDEHYDE; BENIGN; TESTS; FEED AB Citral, a widely used natural ingredient, is added to foods and cosmetics as a flavoring and fragrance agent. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to microencapsulated citral in the feed for 14 weeks or two years. All studies included untreated and vehicle control groups. In the 14-week studies, rats and mice were given diets containing 3900, 7800, 15,600, or 31,300 ppm citral. In rats, food consumption was reduced in the two highest dose groups. In mice an apparent increase in food consumption was observed, but was due to mice scattering the feed. Body weights of all treated animals were less than controls. All rats and four male mice were killed moribund in the high dose groups. In rats, forestomach and kidney lesions were observed. At the higher doses, lesions observed in the bone marrow, testes, and thymus in rats and in the ovary in mice were considered related to inanition and resultant moribundity. In the two-year studies, rats were exposed to 1000, 2000, or 4000 ppm citral. Body weights were reduced in the 4000 ppm rats. Mice were exposed to 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm citral. Body weights in the 1000 and 2000 ppm groups were reduced. No neoplasms were attributed to citral in rats or mice. Malignant lymphoma occurred with a positive trend and was significantly greater than controls in female mice in the 2000 ppm group. However, the incidences were within the NTP historical control range and could not be clearly related to citral administration. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle Labs, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Bucher, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 79 Alexander Dr,Mail Drop EC-34, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 71 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1093/toxsci/71.2.198 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 642XT UT WOS:000180832200009 PM 12563105 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Moyer, CF Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Costa, DL Hauser, R Christiani, DC Nyska, A AF Kodavanti, UP Moyer, CF Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Costa, DL Hauser, R Christiani, DC Nyska, A TI Inhaled environmental combustion particles cause myocardial injury in the Wistar Kyoto rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE inhaled particulate matter; myocardial injury; Wistar Kyoto rats; bioavailable zinc; cardiovascular disease ID OIL FLY-ASH; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ACUTE PULMONARY TOXICITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; AMBIENT AIR; EXPOSURE; MATTER; METALS; MODEL AB Epidemiologists have associated particulate matter (PM) air pollution with cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. However, experimental evidence demonstrating causality and pathogenesis of particulate matter (PM)-induced cardiovascular damage has been insufficient. We hypothesized that protracted, repeated inhalation by rats of oil combustion-derived, fugitive emission PM (EPM), similar in metal composition to selected sources of urban air PM, causes exposure duration- and dose-dependent myocardial injury in susceptible rat strains. Zinc was the only primary water-leachable/bioavailable element of this EPM. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wistar Kyoto (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed nose-only to EPM (2, 5, or 10 mg/m(3), 6 h/day for 4 consecutive days or 10 mg/m(3), 6 h/day, 1 day/week for 4 or 16 consecutive weeks). Two days following the last EPM exposure, cardiac and pulmonary tissues were examined histologically. The results showed that particle-laden alveolar macrophages were the only pulmonary lesions observed in all three rat strains. However, WKY rats exposed to EPM (10 mg/m(3) 6 h/day, 1 day/week for 16 weeks) demonstrated cardiac lesions with inflammation and degeneration. To further characterize the nature of EPM-associated lesions, more rigorous histopathological and histochemical techniques were employed for WKY and SD rats. We examined the hearts for myocardial degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, calcium deposits, apoptosis, and the presence of mast cells. Decreased numbers of granulated mast cells, and multifocal myocardial degeneration, chronic-active inflammation, and fibrosis were present in 5 of 6 WKY rats exposed to EPM for 16 weeks. None of these lesions were present in WKY exposed to clean air. EPM-related cardiac lesions were indistinguishable from air-exposed controls in SD and SH rats. This study demonstrates that long-term inhalation exposures to environmentally relevant PM containing bioavailable zinc can cause myocardial injury in sensitive rats. These findings provide supportive evidence for the epidemiological associations of cardiovascular morbidity and ambient PM. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth & Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 71 IS 2 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1093/toxsci/71.2.237 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 642XT UT WOS:000180832200013 PM 12563109 ER PT J AU Herrick, JD Thomas, RB AF Herrick, JD Thomas, RB TI Leaf senescence and late-season net photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves of overstory sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grown in elevated and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf demography; nitrogen resorption; FACE; carbon gain; leaf phenology; carbon balance; ontogeny ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; LIGHT RESPONSE; FOREST; TREES; PLANT; RESORPTION; CHLOROPHYLL; PHYSIOLOGY; SEEDLINGS AB We examined the effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on leaf demography, late-season photosynthesis and leaf N resorption of overstory sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) trees in the Duke Forest Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Sun and shade leaves were subdivided into early leaves (formed in the overwintering bud) and late leaves (formed during the growing season). Overall, we found that leaf-level net photosynthetic rates were enhanced by atmospheric CO2 enrichment throughout the season until early November; however, sun leaves showed a greater response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment than shade leaves. Elevated [CO2] did not affect leaf longevity, emergence date or abscission date of sun leaves or shade leaves. Leaf number and leaf area per shoot were unaffected by CO2 treatment. A simple shoot photosynthesis model indicated that elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis by 60% in sun shoots, but by only 3% in shade shoots. Whole-shoot photosynthetic rate was more than 12 times greater in sun shoots than in shade shoots. In senescent leaves, elevated [CO2] did not affect residual leaf nitrogen, and nitrogen resorption was largely unaffected by atmospheric CO2 enrichment, except for a small decrease in shade leaves. Overall, elevated [CO2] had little effect on the number of leaves per shoot at any time during the season and, therefore, did not change seasonal carbon gain by extending or shortening the growing season. Stimulation of carbon gain by atmospheric CO2 enrichment in sweetgum trees growing in the Duke Forest FACE experiment was the result of a strong stimulation of photosynthesis throughout the growing season. C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Herrick, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 21 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 650CM UT WOS:000181244900004 PM 12533305 ER PT J AU Zwonitzer, JC Pierzynski, GM Hettiarachchi, GM AF Zwonitzer, JC Pierzynski, GM Hettiarachchi, GM TI Effects of phosphorus additions on lead, cadmium, and zinc bioavailabilities in a metal-contaminated soil SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; cadmium; contaminated soil; lead; in situ; phosphorus; remediation; zinc ID IN-SITU STABILIZATION; MANGANESE OXIDE; REMEDIATION; PHOSPHATES; EXTRACTION; CHLORIDE AB The use of phosphorus (P) to reduce lead (Pb) bioavailability is being proposed as an alternative to excavation and disposal as a remedial technology for Pb-contaminated soils in residential areas. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of P sources and rates and CaCO3 additions on the bioavailabilities of Pb, cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in a contaminated soil material using plants, a sequential extraction procedure, and ion activities in equilibrium solution as indicators. A contaminated soil containing 370 mg kg(-1) Cd, 2800 mg kg(-1) Pb and 29100 mg kg(-1) Zn was amended in a factorial arrangement of CaCO3 (0 or 2000 mg kg(-1)) and P as rock phosphate or KH2PO4 at 0:1, 2:1 or 4:1 P:Pb mole ratios. A pot study was conducted using sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The addition of P did not influence Pb concentrations in plant tissue and had little effect on Cd concentrations. An interaction between P source and level of P addition was found for Zn concentrations in plant tissue; concentrations increased with increasing amounts of P from KH2PO4 and decreased with increasing amounts of P from rock phosphate. Sequential extraction results suggested a much greater reduction in Pb bioavailability from treatment with KH2PO4 than with rock phosphate and that P influenced the fractionations of Cd and Zn. Activities of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ in equilibrium solutions generally were decreased by rock phosphate and increased by KH2PO4. Saturation indices suggested the addition of KH2PO4 shifted the soil equilibrium from octavite to hydroxypyromorphite, whereas solid-phase control of Cd2+ and Zn2+ was not influenced by soil amendments. A soluble P source was more effective in reducing Pb bioavailability than rock phosphate but had variable effects on Cd and Zn bioavailabilities. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pierzynski, GM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gmp@ksu.edu RI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 39 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1023/A:1022810310181 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 658VJ UT WOS:000181741000013 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Ahmad, S AF Kitchin, KT Ahmad, S TI Oxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX) CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE arsenic; monomethylarsonic acid; dimethylarsinic acid; carcinogenesis; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; iron ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; DNA-DAMAGE; HUMAN URINE; BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FREE-RADICALS; INDUCTION; OXYGEN; REDUCTASE AB Many modes of action for arsenic carcinogenesis have been proposed, but few theories have a substantial mass of supporting data. Three stronger theories of arsenic carcitiogenesis are production of chromosomal abnormalities, promotion of carcinogenesis and oxidative stress. This article presents the oxidative stress theory along with some supporting experimental data. In the area of which arsenic species is causually active, recent data have suggested that trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites, particularly monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)), have a great deal of biological activity. Some evidence now indicates that these trivalent, methylated, and relatively less ionizable arsenic metabolites may be unusually capable of interacting with cellular targets such as proteins and even DNA. Thus for inorganic arsenic, oxidative methylation followed by reduction to trivalency may be a activation, rather than a detoxification pathway. This would be particularly true for arsenate. In forming toxic and carcinogenic arsenic species, reduction from the pentavalent state to the trivalent state may be as or more important than methylation of arsenic. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Div Basic Med Sci, Macon, GA 31207 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 86 TW Alexander Dr,MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 42 TC 172 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 13 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00376-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00376-4 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 641ZQ UT WOS:000180777300002 PM 12505428 ER PT J AU Weber, R Orsini, D Duan, Y Baumann, K Kiang, CS Chameides, W Lee, YN Brechtel, F Klotz, P Jongejan, P ten Brink, H Slanina, J Boring, CB Genfa, Z Dasgupta, P Hering, S Stolzenburg, M Dutcher, DD Edgerton, E Hartsell, B Solomon, P Tanner, R AF Weber, R Orsini, D Duan, Y Baumann, K Kiang, CS Chameides, W Lee, YN Brechtel, F Klotz, P Jongejan, P ten Brink, H Slanina, J Boring, CB Genfa, Z Dasgupta, P Hering, S Stolzenburg, M Dutcher, DD Edgerton, E Hartsell, B Solomon, P Tanner, R TI Intercomparison of near real time monitors of PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate at the US Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta Supersite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; PM2.5; instrumentation; ionic aerosol components; sulfate; nitrate; online analysis; semicontinuous; Supersite ID CONTINUOUS AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; JET AEROSOL COLLECTOR; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Five new instruments for semicontinuous measurements of fine particle (PM2.5) nitrate and sulfate were deployed in the Atlanta Supersite Experiment during an intensive study in August 1999. The instruments measured bulk aerosol chemical composition at rates ranging from every 5 min to once per hour. The techniques included a filter sampling system with automated water extraction and online ion chromatographic (IC) analysis, two systems that directly collected particles into water for IC analysis, and two techniques that converted aerosol nitrate or sulfate either catalytically or by flash vaporization to gaseous products that were measured with gas analyzers. During the one-month study, 15-min integrated nitrate concentrations were low, ranging from about 0.1 to 3.5 mug m(-3) with a mean value of 0.5 mug m(-3). Ten-minute integrated sulfate concentrations varied between 0.3 and 40 mug m(-3) with a mean of 14 mug m(-3). By the end of the one-month study most instruments were in close agreement, with r-squared values between instrument pairs typically ranging from 0.7 to 0.94. Based on comparison between individual semicontinuous devices and 24-hour integrated filter measurements, most instruments were within 20-30% for nitrate (similar to0.1-0.2 mug m(-3)) and 10-15% for sulfate (1-2 mug m(-3)). Within 95% confidence intervals, linear regression fits suggest that no biases existed between the semicontinuous techniques and the 24-hour integrated filter measurements of nitrate and sulfate;, however, for nitrate, the semicontinuous intercomparisons showed significantly less variability than intercomparisons amongst the 24-hour integrated filters. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmostphere, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, ECN, Dept Air Qual, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Weber, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmostphere, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rweber@eas.gatech.edu; douglas.orsini@eas.gatech.edu; kb@eas.gatech.edu; kiang@mindspring.com; wcham@eas.gatech.edu; ynlee@bnl.gov; fredb@bnl.gov; jongejan@ecn.nl; tenbrink@ecn.nl; slanina@ecn.nl; sandy.dasgupta@pop.admin.ttu.edu; susanne@aerosol.us; mark@aerosoldynamics.com; dabsatbak@aol.com; ericedge@gte.net; hartsell@gte.net; Solomon.Paul@epamail.epa.gov; rltanner@tva.gov RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012 NR 12 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8421 DI 10.1029/2001JD001220 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 679AF UT WOS:000182898300001 ER PT J AU Winstead, JT Courtney, LA AF Winstead, JT Courtney, LA TI Ovacystis-like condition in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; ovacystis; ova; virus-like AB Histological examination of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from a study in Pensacola Bay, Florida, revealed 2 cases of abnormally large, basophilic ova that resembled cells characteristic of ovacystis disease previously reported in oysters from Maine and Long Island. The hypertrophied gametes measured up to 250 pm in diameter, had scant cytoplasm and contained granular nuclear-masses of Feulgen-positive material. Electron microscopy of reclaimed tissue revealed these masses to consist of virus-like particles (average 46 nm) similar to those reported in cases of ovacystis. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Winstead, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM winstead.jim@epa.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 DI 10.3354/dao053089 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 658FT UT WOS:000181711500012 PM 12608573 ER PT J AU Lim, HJ Turpin, BJ Edgerton, E Hering, SV Allen, G Maring, H Solomon, P AF Lim, HJ Turpin, BJ Edgerton, E Hering, SV Allen, G Maring, H Solomon, P TI Semicontinuous aerosol carbon measurements: Comparison of Atlanta Supersite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE carbonaceous aerosols; organic carbon; elemental carbon; continuous measurements; particulate matter; PM2.5 ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LOS-ANGELES; PM2.5 MASS; FILTER; SYSTEM; AIR AB [1] An intensive field campaign of the Atlanta Supersite Experiment was carried out at a ground-based measurement site on Jefferson Street in midtown Atlanta, Georgia, from 3 August to 1 September 1999. This paper examines the semicontinuous particulate organic and elemental measurements that were made as a part of the experiment. Measurements were made using a Rutgers University/Oregon Graduate Institute in situ thermal-optical carbon analyzer, Rupprecht and Patashnick 5400 ambient carbon particulate monitor, Radiance Research particle soot absorption photometer, Aerosol Dynamics flash vaporization carbon analyzer, and Magee Scientific AE-16 Aethalometer. The "intersampler precision'' with which semicontinuous particulate total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were measured is 7, 13, and 26%, expressed as pooled coefficients of variation of 2, 3, and 4 instruments, respectively. Correlations between pairs of OC measurements are moderate (R-2 = 54 - 73%), and correlations between pairs of EC measurements are high (R-2 = 74-97%). Differences in reported OC concentrations are small compared to differences in EC concentrations; intersampler EC concentration differences result from differences ( 1) in the operational definitions of OC and EC, ( 2) in the calibration of optical instruments, and ( 3) because EC values are closer to limits of detection. This agreement between semicontinuous samplers is quite good, especially in light of previous particulate carbon comparisons. Reasons for measurement differences and benefits of automated time-resolved measurements are discussed. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, RSMAS, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. RP Lim, HJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM ericedge@gte.net; Susanne@AerosolDynamics.com; gallen@nescaum.or; h.maring@miami.edu; Solomon.Paul@epamail.epa.gov RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8419 DI 10.1029/2001JD001214 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660HJ UT WOS:000181827500002 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Sarma, DK Sultana, S Husain, MM Alam, SMM Salehuddin, SM AF Mottaleb, MA Sarma, DK Sultana, S Husain, MM Alam, SMM Salehuddin, SM TI Determination of normal saturated- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the river water of Bangladesh by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE saturated hydrocarbons; PAH; gas chromatography; river water; extraction and preconcentration ID SEDIMENTS; PETROLEUM AB A liquid-liquid extraction followed by evaporative concentration method was used to determine the concentration of normal, or straight chain, saturated hydrocarbons (NSH) (C-10 to C-24) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) here defined as: fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene and perylene, in the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from 5 and 25 cm depth of water at the southern, middle and northern parts of the river at Postogolla, Sadarghat and Sowarighat stations. Hydrocarbons were extracted from 450 mL of water into 75 mL n-hexane and then concentrated into I or 2 mL solution by evaporation. These solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The highest and lowest concentrations were determined as 257 mug L-1 for C-13 and 0.24 mug L-1 for C-22 at 5 cm depth of water, at the northern part of the Sowarighat and southern part of the Postogolla, respectively. This method could allow the analysis of water for C-22 as low as 0.24 mug L-1. C1 CSIR, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh. Atom Energy Ctr, Div Chem, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Rajshahi Univ, Dept Chem, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOR CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 643QM UT WOS:000180872000022 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA TI In vitro formation of pyromorphite via reaction of Pb sources with soft-drink phosphoric acid SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pyromorphite; cola phosphoric acid; kinetics; X-ray diffraction spectroscopy; bioavailability; Pb paint ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; DIETARY LEAD; NEW-ORLEANS; SOIL LEAD; BONE LEAD; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; HYDROXYAPATITE; ENVIRONMENTS; DUST AB Pyromorphite (Pb-5(PO4)(3)Cl) is a Ph mineral whose rapid kinetic formation and thermodynamic stability (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37 (1973) 367, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38 (1974) 887) has gained much attention in recent years as a mechanism to diminish Ph toxicity. Our research examined the in vitro formation of pyromorphite (K-sp= 10(-25)) to significantly reduce Ph bioavailability via the reaction of PbCl2 and Ph paint with cola soft drinks (regular, caffeine-free, and diet) that contain phosphoric acid. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was employed to identify and quantify the crystal phases. The experiments consisted of a two-phase experimental design to simulate stomach and gastrointestinal (GI) conditions comprised of an initial reaction system (stomach) at pH 2.0 for 1 h at 37 degreesC and second-phase conditions (GI tract) at pH 7.0 for 5 h at 37 degreesC. The results showed that available Ph in solution was quickly transformed to pyromorphite by a precipitation mechanism. The PbCl2 experiments observed over 90% Ph removal from solution within 30 s and nearly all (>93-100%) of the Ph was converted to pyromorphite within 6 h. Similar results were observed in the Pb-paint system in which all of the available Pb initially available in solution was stabilized as pyromorphite within a short reaction period. While approximately 69% of the total Ph in the paint was converted to pyromorphite, there were minimal amounts of Pb in solution. It appeared that the dissolution mechanism allowing Ph in the paint to be released into the cola solution was repressed and was attributed to precipitation of pyromorphite on the surfaces of Pb-paint particles that inhibited further Pb release. The results of this research suggest that the in vivo formation of pyromorphite in children that ingest Pb-contaminated material (soil, dust, paint) with a phosphate source, such as a cola soft drink, may significantly reduce Pb bioavailability and allow passage of the pyromorphite material through the GI tract with minimal Ph absorption into the body. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, 5995 Cent Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 62 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 265 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00350-9 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00350-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642DC UT WOS:000180788100021 PM 12526914 ER PT J AU Kendall, DS AF Kendall, DS TI Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and iron treatment of brass foundry waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDES; WATER; SOLUBILITY; FERRIHYDRITE; HYDROXIDES; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to determine if wastes contain extractable components subject to hazardous waste regulations. This paper examines the limitations of the TCLP and the way it is used by studying a particular example. Waste casting sand from brass foundries to which iron metal has been added passes the TCLP test but when placed in a landfill for several years may start to leach lead, copper, and zinc. Results of TCLP tests of waste sand alone and with the additives iron metal, zinc metal, hydrous ferric oxide, and hematite are reported. Three processes were studied: reduction by metallic iron, sorption by hydrous ferric oxide, and precipitation of hydroxides. Lead, copper, and zinc behave differently with respect to these three processes, and their measurement allows some deductions as to what is occurring in a TCLP test or a landfill. Iron addition does not result in long-term stabilization of a waste placed in the ground. The chemistry of a laboratory extraction can be very different from the chemistry of a waste placed in the environment. Wastes that are treated to pass the TCLP test, but are not permanently stabilized, are a threat to the environment. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kendall, DS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25227,Bldg 53, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1021/es020621n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637FT UT WOS:000180501500023 PM 12564910 ER PT J AU Anderson, AD Heryford, AG Sarisky, JP Higgins, C Monroe, SS Beard, RS Newport, CM Cashdollar, JL Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Musgrave, KJ Medus, C Vinje, J Bresee, JS Mainzer, HM Glass, RI AF Anderson, AD Heryford, AG Sarisky, JP Higgins, C Monroe, SS Beard, RS Newport, CM Cashdollar, JL Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Musgrave, KJ Medus, C Vinje, J Bresee, JS Mainzer, HM Glass, RI TI A waterborne outbreak of Norwalk-like virus among Snowmobilers - Wyoming, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; DRINKING-WATER; ILLNESS; SEWAGE AB In February 2001, episodes of acute gastroenteritis were reported to the Wyoming Department of Health from persons who had recently vacationed at a snowmobile lodge in Wyoming. A retrospective cohort study found a significant association between water consumption and illness, and testing identified Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in 8 of 13 stool samples and 1 well. Nucleotide sequences from the positive well-water specimen and 6 of the positive stool samples were identical. This multistrain NLV outbreak investigation illustrates the importance of NLV as a cause of waterborne illness and should encourage monitoring for NLVs in drinking water. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Environm Hlt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Prevent Hlth & Safety Div, Cheyenne, WY USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Reg Water Program 8, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Environm Hlt, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 2 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1086/346239 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 632MF UT WOS:000180226500015 PM 12552455 ER PT J AU Ohe, T White, PA DeMarini, DM AF Ohe, T White, PA DeMarini, DM TI Mutagenic characteristics of river waters flowing through large metropolitan areas in North America SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE river water; mutagenicity; blue rayon; Ames test; Salmonella typhimurium ID AROMATIC AMINE MUTAGEN; NISHITAKASE RIVER; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; GANGES WATER; GENOTOXICITY; KYOTO; IDENTIFICATION; JAPAN; WASTES AB The hanging technique using blue rayon, which specifically adsorbs mutagens with multicyclic planar structures, has the advantages over most conventional methods of not having to bring large volumes of water back to the laboratory for extraction of organic materials, Therefore, for the same effort the banging blue rayon technique allows for the analysis of more samples from remote sites, although it has a disadvantage of not allowing quantitative analysis. In this study, the blue rayon hanging technique was used to collect organic mutagens in river waters that flow through metropolitan areas in northeastern North America. Monitoring was performed at a total of 21 sites: the Providence River system (4 sites), the Charles River (2 sites), the Potomac River (6 sites), the St, Lawrence River (5 sites), the Hudson River (3 sites), and the East River (1 site). Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Salmoella assay with strains TA98, TA100, YG1024, YG1041, and YG1042 with and without metabolic activation. The results demonstrated that strains YG1041 and YG1024 were much more sensitive than TA98 with S9 mix, Fifteen samples out of 21 were positive in YG1041 with S9 mix. Six samples gave 5000-18,400 revertants/g blue rayon equivalent. YG1042 was also much more sensitive than TA100. Eight samples were positive in YG1042 with S9 mix. The highest activity was 10,200 revertants/g blue rayon equivalent. The overall results showed that rivers flowing through major cities in North America contain frameshift-type, aromatic amine-like mutagenic activity. However, the levels of mutagenic activity in these rivers were much lower than expected based on prior analyses and calculated population-to-discharge ratios. Further research, such as detailed chemical analyses and/or simultaneous comparisons of several different adsorbents (e.g. XAD and blue rayon), will be needed to clarify the observed differences between North American blue rayon values and published values for European and Asian river systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Kyoto Womans Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Higashiyami Ku, Kyoto, Japan. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ohe, T (reprint author), Kyoto Womans Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Higashiyami Ku, 35 Kitahiyoshi Cho,Imakumano, Kyoto, Japan. OI white, paul/0000-0001-5853-4759 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 534 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 112 AR PII S1383-5718(02)00243-7 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00243-7 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 638ZH UT WOS:000180602800010 PM 12504759 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE AF Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE TI A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model - 2. Model evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE multiplayer; biochemical; dry; deposition; model ID CO2; TRANSPIRATION; NITROGEN AB The multilayer biochemical dry deposition model (MLBC) described in the accompanying paper was tested against half-hourly eddy correlation data from six field sites under a wide range of climate conditions with various plant types. Modeled CO2, O-3, SO2, and H2O (latent heat) fluxes were compared with measurements. Model outputs have good correlations with measurements at all locations. Correlation coefficients between model outputs and measurements at all sites range from 0.72 to 0.96 for CO2 flux, from 0.84 to 0.98 for H2O flux, from 0.77 to 0.95 for O-3 flux, and from 0.36 to 0.86 for SO2 flux. Model sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the variation of model outputs due to measurement errors of input variables and to changes of environmental conditions such as changes in weather conditions. The MLBC outputs were also compared with outputs from the Multilayer Model (MLM) model [Meyers et al., 1998] and the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) [Wesely, 1989] at two typical sites. Comparisons show that the MLBC performs better than the other two models. The model is suitable for use in nationwide dry deposition networks, for example, the Clean Air Status And Trends Network (CASTNet). It can be used to assist in describing total pollutant loadings to major ecosystems. With some modifications, the model may also be suitable for inclusion in region (meso-) scale numerical models, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA-GSFC Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ywu@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4014 DI 10.1029/2002JD002306 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LP UT WOS:000181554000003 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE AF Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE TI A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model - 1. Model formulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE multilayer; biochemical; dry; deposition; model ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; VEGETATION; HEAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SURFACES; LEAVES; PARAMETERIZATION AB A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model has been developed based on the NOAA Multilayer Model (MLM; Meyers et al. [1998]) to study gaseous exchanges between the soil, plants, and the atmosphere. Most of the parameterizations and submodels have been updated or replaced. The numerical integration was improved, and an aerodynamic resistance based on Monin-Obukhov theory was added. An appropriate parameterization for the leaf boundary layer resistance was chosen. A biochemical stomatal resistance model was chosen based on comparisons of four different existing stomatal resistance schemes. It describes photosynthesis and respiration and their coupling with stomatal resistance for sunlit and shaded leaves separately. Various aspects of the photosynthetic process in both C-3 and C-4 plants are considered in the model. To drive the photosynthesis model, the canopy radiation scheme has been updated. Leaf area index measurements are adjusted to account for stem area index. A normalized soil water stress factor was applied to potential photosynthesis to account for plant response to both drought and water-logging stresses. A new cuticle resistance model was derived based on membrane passive transport theory and Fick's first law. It accounts for the effects of diffusivity and solubility of specific gases in the cuticle membrane, as well as the thickness of the cuticle membrane. The model is designed for use in the nationwide dry deposition networks, for example, the Clean Air Status And Trends Network (CASTNet), and mesoscale models, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) and even the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA-GSFC Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ywu@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4013 DI 10.1029/2002JD002293 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LP UT WOS:000181554000002 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Sn-exchanged hydrotalcites as catalysts for clean and selective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones using hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Baeyer-Villiger oxidation; Sn-exchanged hydrotalcite; ketones; hydrogen peroxide ID MG-AL HYDROTALCITE; PLATINUM COMPLEXES; CYCLIC KETONES; EPOXIDATION; OLEFINS; ALDOL; ACID; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM; CYCLOPENTANONE; ACETONE AB A Sn-doped hydrotalcite (Sn/HT) catalyst prepared by ion-exchange technique is found to be an active and selective catalyst for the liquid phase Baeyer-Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclic ketones in acetonitrile using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant. Different reaction parameters such as effect of solvent, Sn content, reaction temperature and catalyst-to-substrate ratio are studied. The activity of the catalyst for the selective BV oxidation of ketones is attributed to the presence of active Sn sites in the interstitial position of hydrotalcite support. Sn sites activate the carbonyl group of ketones followed by a nucleophilic attack by the active peroxide species (peroxycarboximidic acid by reaction of acetonitrile and H2O2) to form a Criegee adduct that rearranges to give the lactone. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div MS443, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div MS443, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 39 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 EI 1873-314X J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2003 VL 191 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 AR PII S1381-1169(02)00347-3 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(02)00347-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 630YR UT WOS:000180139700011 ER PT S AU Stewart, ES Lemieux, PM AF Stewart, ES Lemieux, PM GP IEEE IEEE TI Emissions from the incineration of electronics industry waste SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRONICS & THE ENVIRONMENT, CONFERENCE RECORD SE IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment-ISEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment/4th Electronics Recycling Summit CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCEE, Int Assoc Elect Recyclers DE electronics; waste; incineration; emissions ID COMBUSTION AB One strategy for dealing with electronics waste is to incinerate the combustible fraction of the waste, either to reduce its volume prior to landfilling or to concentrate valuable metals in the residual ash so they can be reclaimed in a subsequent operation. Since no emissions data are available, experiments were performed in a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator over a range of temperatures to investigate the potential toxic emissions from the incineration of electronics waste. The electronics waste burned was a mixture of personal computer motherboards, keyboards, and cases. The flue gas was analyzed for metals, halogens, volatile and semi-volatile organic products of incomplete combustion (PICs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs). Ash residues were analyzed by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Measured metal emissions were significant, and consisted primarily of copper, lead, and antimony. No mercury emissions were detected. The presence of brominated flame retardants in the waste resulted in the emission of bromine in its diatomic and ionic forms, along with several brominated organic species. Emissions of PCDDs/Fs were well below regulatory limits, possibly due to the presence of bromine in the waste stream. These preliminary tests suggest that incineration may be a viable option for electronics waste disposal, provided an appropriate particulate control device is used to control metal emissions. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stewart, ES (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2020 BN 0-7803-7743-5 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELECTR PY 2003 BP 271 EP 275 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW87A UT WOS:000183434700051 ER PT B AU McLean, B AF McLean, B BE White, JC TI Federal legislative and regullatory record SO ACID RAIN: ARE THE PROBLEMS SOLVED? CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE TRENDS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acid Rain - Are the Problems Solved CY MAY 02-03, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Adirondack Council, Cornell Univ Ctr Environm, Dept Foreign Affairs & Int Trade Canada, Edison Elect Inst, Environm Canada/ Environm Canada, Environm Defense, EPRI, Keyspan Fdn, Natl Wildlife Federat, New York Power Author, New York State Adirondack Pk Agcy, New York State Dept Environm, Conservat, Div Air Resources, New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, Niagara Mohawk, State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, PRIMENet, US Environm Protect Acgy, Clean Air Market Div, US Geolog Survey, World Resources Inst C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McLean, B (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-47-6 J9 TR FISH SCI PY 2003 VL 2 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW29D UT WOS:000181467100001 ER PT B AU Birnbaum, R AF Birnbaum, R BE White, JC TI Beyond title IV: Perspectives on additional reductions SO ACID RAIN: ARE THE PROBLEMS SOLVED? CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE TRENDS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acid Rain - Are the Problems Solved CY MAY 02-03, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Adirondack Council, Cornell Univ Ctr Environm, Dept Foreign Affairs & Int Trade Canada, Edison Elect Inst, Environm Canada/ Environm Canada, Environm Defense, EPRI, Keyspan Fdn, Natl Wildlife Federat, New York Power Author, New York State Adirondack Pk Agcy, New York State Dept Environm, Conservat, Div Air Resources, New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, Niagara Mohawk, State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, PRIMENet, US Environm Protect Acgy, Clean Air Market Div, US Geolog Survey, World Resources Inst C1 US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Birnbaum, R (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-47-6 J9 TR FISH SCI PY 2003 VL 2 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW29D UT WOS:000181467100006 ER PT J AU Nunez, CM Bahner, MA Ramsey, GH Wright, RS King, FG AF Nunez, CM Bahner, MA Ramsey, GH Wright, RS King, FG TI Pilot-scale evaluation of new resin application equipment for fiber-reinforced plastics SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE styrene; fibre-reienforced plastics; Fluid Impingement Technology (TM) nozzle AB Styrene is the monomer used as a cross-linking agent in the majority of fiber-reinforced plastics manufacturing processes. Its' evaporation is undesirable from environmental, health and safety, and economic perspectives. The effect of a proprietary Fluid Impingement Technology(TM) (FIT(TM)) nozzle, developed by Magnum Industries, on styrene emissions was evaluated and compared to other conventional application equipment - conventional spray guns and flow coaters (operated at both low and high pressure). The FIT(TM) nozzle produced less styrene emissions during both gel coating and resin testing, with significant emissions reduction occurring during the application process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nunez, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, 86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 AR PII S1093-0191(01)00134-4 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00134-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 649MG UT WOS:000181212100005 ER PT B AU Walker, JT Whitall, DR Robarge, WP Paerl, HW AF Walker, JT Whitall, DR Robarge, WP Paerl, HW GP asae TI Ambient ammonia and ammonium aerosol in an agricultural region of the southeast United States SO AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE atmospheric nitrogen; agricultural emissions; acid gases; PM2.5; denuders ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SITE AB We present 1 year of ambient ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4+), hydrochloric acid (HCl), chloride (Cl-), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrate (NO3-), nitrous acid (HONO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and sulfate (SO4=) concentrations at three sites in the Coastal Plain region of North Carolina. The three sites, Clinton, Kinston, and Morehead City, are located in counties with total NH3 emission densities of 5827, 2768, and 389 kg NH3 km(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Average NH3 concentrations were 5.32, 2.46, and 0.58 mug m(-3) at Clinton, Kinston, and Morehead City, respectively. Average NH4+ concentrations were 1.84, 1.25, and 0.91 mug m(-3), and total concentrations of NH4+-based (NH4+ + NO3- + SO4= + Cl-) particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mun (PM2.5) were 8.66, 6.35, and 5.31 mug m(-3) at Clinton, Kinston, and Morehead City, respectively. NH3 concentrations were highest during the summer at all sites, with summer-to-winter concentration ratios of 2.40, 5.70, and 1.69 at Clinton, Kinston, and Morehead City, respectively. NH3 concentrations were higher at night at the Clinton site, during the day at the Kinston site, and day vs. night concentrations were similar at the Morehead City site. NH4+ concentrations were highest during the winter at all sites, though this may not be representative of all years. Average daytime concentrations of NH4+ were similar to night values at all sites. NH4+ aerosol was primarily associated with SO4= at all sites, though the degree of SO4= neutralization was highest at Clinton and lowest at Morehead City. NH4+ aerosol formation appeared to be acid-gas-limited at the Clinton site during all seasons and during the spring and summer at the Kinston site. NH4+ aerosol formation was NH3-limited during all seasons at the Morehead City site and during the winter and fall at the Kinston site. This study shows that agricultural NH3 emissions influence local ambient concentrations of NH3 and PM2.5. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, E305-2, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-34-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 242 EP 248 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBB32 UT WOS:000224511400024 ER PT S AU Gego, E Hogrefe, C Rao, ST Porter, PS AF Gego, E Hogrefe, C Rao, ST Porter, PS GP Melas, D BE Melas, D Syrakov, D TI Probabilistic assessment of regional scale ozone pollution in the eastern United States SO AIR POLLUTION PROCESSES IN REGIONAL SCALE SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Air Pollution Processes in Regional Scale CY JUN 13-15, 2002 CL Kallithea, GREECE SP NATO C1 US EPA, Div Atmospher Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Div Atmospher Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-1626-3 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2003 VL 30 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAT49 UT WOS:000223448600010 ER PT J AU Peterson, CA Calderon, RL AF Peterson, CA Calderon, RL TI Trends in enteric disease as a cause of death in the United States, 1989-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; intestinal diseases; mortality AB The authors examined rates of and trends in enteric disease as a cause of death in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death databases for 1989-1996 were analyzed for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes for gastroenteritis due to infectious agents and codes describing illness with other enteric pathogens. The highest rates of death related to enteric diseases were seen among people older than 75 years, followed by children under 1 year of age. Rates increased markedly over time in the 65- to 74-year age group for bacterial enteric pathogens and in the 35- to 44-year age group for viral enteric pathogens. Enteric diseases were the underlying cause of death for an average of 2,740 deaths during each year of this study, and the rate of death due to enteric-related disease is increasing. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Calderon, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, MD-58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf172 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 632KZ UT WOS:000180223600008 PM 12505891 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Soukup, J Harder, S Becker, S AF Huang, YCT Soukup, J Harder, S Becker, S TI Mitochondrial oxidant production by a pollutant dust and NO-mediated apoptosis in human alveolar macrophage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caspase; annexin; reactive oxygen species; vanadium; pollutant particles; residual oil fly ash ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PARTICLE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; SOLUBLE METALS; ASCORBIC-ACID; VANADIUM; GENERATION; NECROSIS AB Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a pollutant dust that stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages (AM), but the relationship between these two processes is unclear. In this study, human AM were incubated with ROFA or vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4), the major metal constituent in ROFA, with or without nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors. Interactions among production of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptosis of AM were determined. ROFA-stimulated ROS production was attenuated by DPI, rotenone, antimycin, and NaN3, but not by L-NAME, a pattern mimicked by VOSO4. ROFA-induced apoptosis was inhibited by L-NAME and a caspase-3-like protease inhibitor, but not by mitochondrial inhibitors. ROFA enhanced NO-mediated increase in caspase-3-like activity. VOSO4 had minor effects on apoptosis. Thus ROFA-stimulated production of ROS from mitochondria was independent of apoptosis of AM, which was mediated by activation of caspase-3-like proteases and NO. The pro-oxidant effect but not the proapoptotic effect of ROFA was mediated by vanadium. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 284 IS 1 BP C24 EP C32 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2002 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 624BH UT WOS:000179739500004 PM 12388087 ER PT J AU Parker, K AF Parker, K TI Test methods for RCRA hazardous waste characteristics: Part 2 SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB This is the, second of a two-part article that covers the four RCRA characteristics of hazardous materials. Part 1 covered tests for the use in determining the characteristics of ignitability. This article continues with a presentation of tests for use with the other three RCRA characteristics: corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. C1 US EPA, Reg Lab 10, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Parker, K (reprint author), US EPA, Reg Lab 10, 7411 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 52 EP + PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 640WJ UT WOS:000180711000010 ER PT J AU Collette, TW Williams, TL Urbansky, ET Magnuson, ML Hebert, GN Strauss, SH AF Collette, TW Williams, TL Urbansky, ET Magnuson, ML Hebert, GN Strauss, SH TI Analysis of hydroponic fertilizer matrixes for perchlorate: comparison of analytical techniques SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE ASSOCIATION COMPLEXES; ESI-FAIMS-MS; DRINKING-WATER; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXCHANGE MATERIALS; GROUND-WATER; IDENTIFICATION; EXTRACTION; BACTERIA AB Seven retail hydroponic nitrate fertilizer products, two liquid and five solid, were comparatively analyzed for the perchlorate anion (ClO4-) by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection, complexation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (cESI-MS), normal Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy using an attenuated total reflectance crystal (ATR-FTIR) coated with a thin film of an organometallic ion-exchange compound. Three of the five solid products were found by all techniques to contain perchlorate at the level of approximately 100-350 mg kg(-1). The remaining products did not contain perchlorate above the detection level of any of the techniques. Comparative analysis using several analytical techniques that depend on different properties of perchlorate allow for a high degree of certainty in both the qualitative and quantitative determinations. This proved particularly useful for these samples, due to the complexity of the matrix. Analyses of this type, including multiple spectroscopic confirmations, may also be useful for other complicated matrixes (e. g., biological samples) or in forensic/regulatory frameworks where data are likely to be challenged. While the source of perchlorate in these hydroponic products is not known, the perchlorate-to-nitrate concentration ratio (w/w) in the aqueous extracts is generally consistent with the historical weight percent of water soluble components in caliche, a nitrate-bearing ore found predominantly in Chile. This ore, which is the only well-established natural source of perchlorate, is mined and used, albeit minimally, as a nitrogen source in some fertilizer products. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1039/b207523g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 628NB UT WOS:000180001000019 PM 12572810 ER PT J AU Gamble, BM Gallagher, PA Shoemaker, JA Parks, AN Freeman, DM Schwegel, CA Creed, JT AF Gamble, BM Gallagher, PA Shoemaker, JA Parks, AN Freeman, DM Schwegel, CA Creed, JT TI An investigation of the chemical stability of arsenosugars in basic environments using IC-ICP-MS and IC-ESI-MS/MS SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARSENIC SPECIATION; EXTRACTION; INGESTION; FISH AB This paper evaluates the chemical stability of four arsenosugars using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as an extraction solvent. This solvent was chosen because of the near quantitative removal of these arsenicals from difficult to extract seafood ( oysters and shellfish). Four arsenosugars (3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropylene glycol-As(328), 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid -As(392), 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl hydrogen sulfate - As(408), and 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl- 2,3-hydroxypropyl phosphate - As(482)) were evaluated. The stability of these four arsenosugars were studied independently in a solution of 2.5% TMAOH at 60 degreesC over a period of up to 8 h. Two arsenosugars, As(328) and As(392), were found to be relatively stable in this solution for up to 8 h. However, As( 408) and As( 482) formed detectable quantities of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and As(328) within 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. It was found that 97% of As(408) degrades after 8 h of treatment producing 3.4 times as much DMAA as As(328). This is contrary to As(482), which produces 13 times as much As( 328) as DMAA and only 37% of the As( 482) was converted by the 8 h treatment at 60 degreesC. These degradation products led to the investigation of weaker TMAOH extraction solvents. Three different concentrations ( 2.5%, 0.83% and 0.25%) were used to determine the effect of TMAOH concentration on the degradation rate of As( 408). By reducing the TMAOH concentration to 0.83%, the conversion of the arsenosugar to As( 328) and DMAA is nearly eliminated ( less than 5% loss). Arsenosugars, As( 408) and As( 482), were also studied in 253 mM NaOH to verify the degradation products. The NaOH experiments were conducted to investigate a possible hydroxide based reaction mechanism. Similar degradation plots were found for each arsenosugar when compared to the 2.5% TMAOH data. A mechanism has been proposed for the formation of As( 328) from As( 408) and As( 482) in base via an S(N)2 reaction ( hydroxide attack) at the side chain carbon adjacent to the inorganic ester. The formation of DMAA is observed in all arsenosugars after prolonged exposure. This probably occurs via an SN2 attack at the arsenic atom. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 12 BP 1458 EP 1461 DI 10.1039/b306931a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 750MN UT WOS:000187000500011 PM 14737232 ER PT J AU Marshall, MM Hayes, S Moffett, J Sterling, CR Nicholson, WL AF Marshall, MM Hayes, S Moffett, J Sterling, CR Nicholson, WL TI Comparison of UV inactivation of spores of three Encephalitozoon species with that of spores of two DNA repair-deficient Bacillus subtilis biodosimetry strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DISINFECTION; OOCYSTS; MODEL; NM AB When exposed to 254-nm UV, spores of Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Encephalitozoon hellem exhibited 3.2-log reductions in viability at UV fluences of 60, 140, and 190 J/m(2), respectively, and demonstrated UV inactivation kinetics similar to those observed for endospores of DNA repair-defective mutant Bacillus subtilis strains used as biodosimetry surrogates. The results indicate that spores of Encephalitozoon spp. are readily inactivated at low UV fluences and that spores of UV-sensitive B. subtilis strains can be useful surrogates in evaluating UV reactor performance. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Marshall, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Bldg 90,Room 304, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 683 EP 685 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.1.683-685.2003 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 634EX UT WOS:000180328000092 PM 12514061 ER PT J AU Larned, ST Kinzie, RA Covich, AP Chong, CT AF Larned, ST Kinzie, RA Covich, AP Chong, CT TI Detritus processing by endemic and non-native Hawaiian stream invertebrates: a microcosm study of species-specific effects SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Detritus; Hawaii; macroinvertebrate; non-native species; shredder; species interactions; streams ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ZEBRA MUSSELS; LEAF-LITTER; BIODIVERSITY; RIVER; MANIPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; INVASIONS; BREAKDOWN AB In studies of detritus processing in streams, invertebrate detritivores are often pooled into functional groups of species that have similar feeding modes. Differences among functional groups in detritus processing are well-known, but differences among species within functional groups are rarely considered. Introductions of non-native species and losses of native populations are changing the composition of detritivote assemblages in many streams, and a species-specific approach is needed to understand the effects of these changes on detritus processing. In this study, we compared the rates at which the native and non-native invertebrate detritivores from streams on the Island of Hawai'i processed detrital leaves. Experimental treatments consisted of single detritivore species and species-pairs. Results from species-pairs were used to determine whether interspecific interactions increased (facilitated) or decreased (inhibited) rates of detritus processing. Results of the single-species treatments indicated that the endemic shrimp Atyoida bisulcata and the non-native crayfish Procambarus clarkii significantly increased rates of leaf processing compared with controls with no animals; two other non-native and one other endemic species did not have significant effects. For all species-pairs, observed processing rates were not significantly different from rates predicted in the absence of interaction, i.e., the sum of the effects of each species alone. At present, R clarkii is the only leaf-shredding stream invertebrate in Hawai'i. P clarkii processed detrital leaves >10 times faster than the other species, and any facilitory or inhibitory interactions between P. clarkii and other species are likely to be small relative to the effects of P clarkii alone. Results of the experiments suggest that detritus shredding is not a significant trophic pathway in Hawaiian streams inhabited by native macroinvertebrates, but can become significant following the establishment of non-native species. C1 US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Larned, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, POB 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM s.larned@niwa.cri.nz NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 156 IS 2 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1127/0003-09136/2003/0156-0241 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 648RB UT WOS:000181163400006 ER PT B AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K Andrewes, P AF Kitchin, KT Wallace, K Andrewes, P BE Chappell, WR Abernathy, CO Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ TI Some chemical properties underlying arsenic's biological activity SO ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth DE arsenic; arsenite; arsenate; binding; sulfhydryl; carcinogenesis; monomethyarsonic acid; dimethylarsinic acid ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; DNA-DAMAGE; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; INDUCTION; OXYGEN; LIVER; CARCINOGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE; REDUCTASE; MICE AB In this paper, some of the chemical properties of arsenicals (atomic and molecular orbitals, electronegativity, valence state, changes between valence state, nucleophilicity, the hard/soft acid/base principle) that may account for some of the biological activity of arsenicals are presented. Trivalent arsenicals can act as soft acids while pentavalent arsenicals tend to act as borderline soft to hard acids. As soft acids, trivalent arsenicals have a high propensity to bond with soft bases, which in biological systems are usually sulfur (e.g. cysteine moieties of proteins) and selenium containing compounds. This soft acid property of trivalent arsenicals can lead to many of the proposed modes of carcinogenesis (e.g. altered DNA repair, altered growth factors, cell proliferation, altered DNA methylation patterns and promotion of carcinogenesis). Trivalent arsenicals can act as nucleophiles, whereas pentavalent arsenicals usually do not. Because of less electrostatic repulsion, nonionized trivalent arsenicals are more capable of interacting with negatively charged DNA than negatively charged pentavalent arsenicals. Experimental binding studies with As-73 arsenite to a model peptide of 25 amino acids and 4 free sulfhydryl groups (based on a zinc finger region of the human estrogen receptor alpha) gave a Kd (dissociation equilibrium constant) of 2.2 muM and a Bmax (concentration of binding sites for the ligand) of 89 nmol/mg protein. This arsenite binding was dependent on (a) the presence of free sulfhydryls in the peptide and (b) trivalency of the arsenical (i.e. arsenite binds well, arsenate does not). C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51441-4 PY 2003 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/B978-044451441-7/50027-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BY53D UT WOS:000189401600026 ER PT B AU Suzuki, KT Tomita, T Ogra, Y Ohmichi, M AF Suzuki, KT Tomita, T Ogra, Y Ohmichi, M BE Chappell, WR Abernathy, CO Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ TI Arsenic metabolism in hyperbilirubinemic rats: distribution and excretion in relation to transformation SO ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth DE arsenic; arsenite; dimethylated arsenic; hyperbilirubinemic rat; rat; metabolism of arsenic ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; HUMAN URINE; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; TOXICITY; RETENTION; CELLS; MICE; METHYLARSENICALS; CARCINOGENESIS; REDUCTASE AB Metabolic pathway for arsenic was studied in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic (EHB) rats to estimate the participation of hepato-enteric circulation during the transformation and distribution. Arsenite was injected intravenously into male EHB rats of 8 weeks of age at a single dose of 0.5 mg As/kg body weight, and time-dependent changes in the concentration of arsenic in organs and body fluids were determined. Arsenic disappeared from the bloodstream within 10 min after the injection, and appeared in the liver (40% of the dose), kidneys, lungs, spleen, testes, skin (in total 15%) and urine (10%). The rest (35%) was not detected in any of these organs/tissues/body fluids. However, arsenic accumulating in the erythrocytes amounted to 90% of the dose after 6 h, indicating that the hepato-enteric circulation can explain only a half of the missing 70% of the dose in normal rats in our previous study. Although the arsenite once distributed in the liver was redistributed in the erythrocytes by, 1 h, it took 6 h for the missing 35% to reappear in the erythrocytes, suggesting that the missing arsenic be transformed more slowly in the hidden organ. Although the concentration was low, the whole arsenic in the muscle was calculated to amount approximately to the missing one (31%). Arsenite injected intravenously into normal rats was estimated to distribute at first in the liver (40%), muscle (35%), other organs (15%) and urine (10%) in its original form in an organ-specific manner, and then redistributed in the erythrocytes after being transformed to dimethylated arsenic with different reduction/methylation efficiency, the liver being most active in the transformation and in the excretion into the hepato-enteric circulation. C1 US EPA, Div NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Suzuki, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51441-4 PY 2003 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1016/B978-044451441-7/50028-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BY53D UT WOS:000189401600027 ER PT B AU Kenyon, EM Hughes, MF Evans, MV Styblo, M Del Razo, LM Easterling, M AF Kenyon, EM Hughes, MF Evans, MV Styblo, M Del Razo, LM Easterling, M BE Chappell, WR Abernathy, CO Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ TI Incorporating mechanistic insights in a PBPK model for arsenic SO ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth DE arsenic; PBPK model; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment ID DNA-STRAND BREAKS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INORGANIC ARSENICS; L-132 CELLS; IN-VITRO; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; EXPOSURE; RATS; METABOLISM AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for arsenic provides an integrated framework for addressing issues related to risk assessment, as well as being a tool for hypothesis testing and experimental design. This is because a PBPK model defines the relationship between external exposure and an internal measure of (biologically effective) dose. The arsenic PBPK model is necessarily complex because of the existence of multiple biologically active forms of arsenic and uncertainty concerning their roles in producing toxic effects. Functionally, for arsenic, this requires a minimum of four submodels linked by reduction/oxidation and methylation as well as incorporation of urinary excretion for each metabolite and tissue binding for certain trivalent forms. This is necessary because the availability of any particular arsenical for tissue interactions is a balance between rates of oxidation, reduction, methylation, binding, and excretion. Our current PBPK model structure will be reviewed and unique mechanistic features, together with their experimental basis, will be highlighted. These include dimethylarsinic acid accumulation in lung, inhibition of the second methylation step by arsenite, and assumptions regarding transport and partitioning into tissues. Our modeling experiments and sensitivity analysis have also suggested several important lines of research. Critical information to gather include (1) data on differences in methylation capacity among the human population, and (2) reliable quantitative data collected at the level of individual study participants on arsenic exposure from all sources matched with blood and urinary levels of arsenic metabolites. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51441-4 PY 2003 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1016/B978-044451441-7/50029-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BY53D UT WOS:000189401600028 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Grimm, JW AF Sickles, JE Grimm, JW TI Wet deposition from clouds and precipitation in three high-elevation regions of the Eastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE regional deposition; elevation; cloud; precipitation; sulfate; nitrate; ammonium; hydrogen ion ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; WHITEFACE-MOUNTAIN; WATER DEPOSITION; FOREST; CHEMISTRY; SITE; USA AB Three regions are identified in the Eastern United States (US) that contain substantial land area at high elevations: the mid-Appalachian region (MAR), Eastern New York state (ENY), and the New England region (NER). Approximately 75% of the land cover in these areas is forested, with 5.6-29% of the total acreage above 600 m and subject to cloud deposition. Measurements of cloud deposition are scarce. A 6-year data record of measurements at two high-elevation locations is considered, and scaling factors are developed to enable the rough estimation of area-wide cloud deposition at various elevations in each region. Estimates of precipitation and associated ion deposition are made at 12 arc-second resolution for the Eastern US and are used to obtain elevation-resolved precipitation-mediated deposition for the three study regions. At high elevations, clouds account for a substantial proportion of wet deposition (i.e., the sum of that from clouds and precipitation). For the total land area above 600 m, clouds may account for 20-60% of the total wet ion deposition, with the exact proportion depending on both location and ion species. At elevations above 600 m, but below the climatic tree line, the ratio of cloud-to-precipitation-mediated deposition is higher in NER and ENY than in MAR. At the highest elevations of each study region, clouds may account for over 80% of the wet ion deposition. Although the wet deposition of ammonium (NH4+), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and hydrogen (H+) ions is enhanced at higher elevations by clouds over precipitation, this enhancement is the largest for ammonium. This study illustrates the major and perhaps dominant role that clouds may play by delivering considerable ion loads to montane ecosystems in selected elevation ranges where these ecosystems may be especially vulnerable. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 288 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00823-3 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00823-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KP UT WOS:000180455000010 ER PT J AU Perreault, SD AF Perreault, SD TI Tracking down reproductive health risks for humans exposed to environmental contaminants. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA PS2 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400007 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Ostby, J Furr, J Wolf, C Hotchkiss, A Parks, L Price, M Lambright, C Wilson, V AF Gray, LE Ostby, J Furr, J Wolf, C Hotchkiss, A Parks, L Price, M Lambright, C Wilson, V TI Cumulative developmental effects of endocrine disrupters: Synergy or additivity? SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA MS33 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400044 ER PT J AU Deroo, BJ Hewitt, SC Korach, KS AF Deroo, BJ Hewitt, SC Korach, KS TI Estrogen treatment reduces expression of thioredoxin interacting protein in the mouse uterus. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 15 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400071 ER PT J AU Miller, LMJ Troedsson, MHT Duoos, LA Klinefelter, GR Roberts, KP AF Miller, LMJ Troedsson, MHT Duoos, LA Klinefelter, GR Roberts, KP TI Immunocytochemical detection and localization of sperm protein 22 (SP22) in fresh and cryopreserved equine semen SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Urol Surg, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Roberts, Ken/D-5701-2012 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 132 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400188 ER PT J AU Morris, RA Klinefelter, GR Roberts, NL Suarez, JD Strader, LF Jeffay, SC Perreault, SD AF Morris, RA Klinefelter, GR Roberts, NL Suarez, JD Strader, LF Jeffay, SC Perreault, SD TI Analysis of the potential sperm biomarker SP22 in human semen. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, ORD,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 174 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400230 ER PT J AU Kaydos, E Suarez, J Roberts, N Strader, L Bobseine, K Klinefelter, G AF Kaydos, E Suarez, J Roberts, N Strader, L Bobseine, K Klinefelter, G TI The fertility biomarker (SP22) is compromised in an additive fashion by haloacids: Comparative quantitation by immunoassay and 2D-gel analysis. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, ORD, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 175 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400231 ER PT J AU Pukazhenthi, BS Rockett, JC Ouyang, M Dix, DJ Howard, J Georgopoulos, P Welsh, WJ Wildt, DE AF Pukazhenthi, BS Rockett, JC Ouyang, M Dix, DJ Howard, J Georgopoulos, P Welsh, WJ Wildt, DE TI Gene expression in the testes of normospermic versus teratospermic domestic cats using human cDNA microarray analyses. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Inst Informat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 194 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400249 ER PT J AU Thompson, KE Ren, H Schmid, JE Dix, DJ AF Thompson, KE Ren, H Schmid, JE Dix, DJ TI RNA profiles in rat and mouse epididymal spermatozoa. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 460 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400514 ER PT J AU Noriega, NC Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Noriega, NC Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, VS Gray, LE TI Late gestational exposure to the fungicide prochloraz delays the onset of parturition and causes reproductive malformations in male rat offspring. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 478 BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400532 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Lambright, C Furr, J Ostby, J Wood, C Held, G Gray, LE AF Wilson, VS Lambright, C Furr, J Ostby, J Wood, C Held, G Gray, LE TI Phthalate ester-induced gubernacular ligament lesions are associated with reduced INSL3 gene expression in the fetal rat testis during sexual differentiation. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 482 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400536 ER PT J AU Berg, HA Westerlund, L Olsson, PE AF Berg, HA Westerlund, L Olsson, PE TI Differences in cortisol effects on vitellogenin and vitelline envelope protein production in the teleost, arctic char (Saluelinus alpinus). SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Umea Univ, Dept Biol Mol, Umea, Sweden. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Cell Biol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Orebro, Dept Nat Sci, Biol Sect, Orebro, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 574 BP 348 EP 349 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400627 ER PT J AU Bryant, SD Salvadori, S Guerrini, R Balboni, G Lazarus, LH AF Bryant, SD Salvadori, S Guerrini, R Balboni, G Lazarus, LH TI Molecular modeling of opioidmimetics containing the Dmt-Tic-Bid pharmacophores and docking with the delta-opioid receptor. SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P389 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800511 ER PT J AU Wery, N Narotsky, MG Pacico, N Kavlock, RJ Picard, JJ Gofflot, F AF Wery, N Narotsky, MG Pacico, N Kavlock, RJ Picard, JJ Gofflot, F TI Defects in cervical vertebrae in boric acid-exposed rat embryos are associated with anterior shifts of hox gene expression domains SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE HOMEOBOX GENE; HOMEOTIC TRANSFORMATIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; TARGETED DISRUPTION; AXIAL SKELETON; RETINOIC ACID; MICE; MESODERM; SHOW; SOMITOGENESIS AB BACKGROUND: Previously, we showed that prenatal exposure to boric acid (BA), an industrial agent with large production, causes alterations of the axial skeleton in rat embryos, reminiscent of homeotic transformations. Indeed, Sprague-Dawley rats exposed in utero to BA on gestation day 9 (GD 9) had only six, rather than the normal seven, cervical vertebrae. This finding, observed in 91% of GD 21 fetuses, suggests posterior transformations of vertebrae. The present study attempts to determine if these skeletal alterations could be explained by modifications of the box code, involved in the establishment of positional information along the craniocaudal axis of the embryo. METHODS: Pregnant rats were treated by gavage with BA (500 mg/kg, twice) on GD 9. Embryos were collected on GD 11 or GD 13.5 and processed for in situ hybridization. Several hox genes were selected according to the position of their cranial limit of expression in the cervical and thoracic region. RESULTS: At GD 13.5, we detected a cranial shift of the anterior limit of expression of hoxc6 and hoxa6. We observed no difference between control and treated embryos in the location of the cranial limit of expression of the other genes: hoxd4, hoxa4, hoxc5, and hoxa5. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that following in utero exposure to BA on GD 9, a disturbance of the expression of box genes involved in the specification of most anterior vertebrae is observed at GD 13.5. Based on their expression domain and on their implication in the definition of the cervicothoracic vertebral boundary, it is likely that the anteriorization of hoxc6 and hoxa6 reported here is correlated to the morphological phenotype observed in BA-exposed fetuses at GD 21. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Unit Dev Genet, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gofflot, F (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Unit Dev Genet, 73 Ave E Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1002/bdra.10031 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XB UT WOS:000185286400006 PM 12749385 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TT Dinh, KT AF Nguyen, TT Dinh, KT TI Exact EDF goodness-of-fit tests for inverse Gaussian distributions SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE composite hypothesis; power of the test; Monte Carlo method; uniform distribution AB Exact EDF goodness-of-fit tests for inverse Gaussian (m, lambda) distributions in different cases of unknown parameters are constructed. In the case m is unknown and lambda is known, a chi-square test is also proposed. The powers of the tests are estimated by Monte Carlo method at several different alternative distributions. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.1081/SAC-120017504 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 685GV UT WOS:000183254800013 ER PT B AU Hayter, EJ Paramygin, VA AF Hayter, EJ Paramygin, VA BE Bathe, KJ TI Three-dimensional modeling of sediment transport in a partially stratified micro-tidal estuary SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE cohesive sediment; estuary; hydrodynamics; river; sediment transport; sediment traps AB A three-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate sediment trap effectiveness in a partially stratified micro-tidal estuary. The modeling domain was a 16 km reach of the St. Johns River, Florida, and two tributaries: the Ortega and the Cedar Rivers. The Cedar flows into the Ortega a few kilometers from the confluence of the Ortega and St. Johns Rivers. Sediment traps have been proposed as a remedial measure to minimize the transport of contaminated sediments from the Cedar River into the Ortega-St. Johns River system. The model simulations investigated the effect of traps at three different locations along the Cedar River. For each trap, three different sediment removal efficiencies (40%, 60%, 80%) were simulated. Sediment removal efficiency is defined as the percentage of incoming sediment that deposits in the trap. The simulations showed that the upstream-most trap had minimal impact on reducing the flux of sediment out of the Cedar River, whereas the downstream-most trap had a significant impact. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hayter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 1708 EP 1710 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200413 ER PT S AU Wang, P Linker, LC Eshleman, KN AF Wang, P Linker, LC Eshleman, KN BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI Dynamic parameterization to simulate DIN export due to gypsy moth defoliation SO COMPUTATIONAL SICENCE - ICCS 2003, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH ID FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN LEAKAGE AB A module of dynamic parameterization is added into the HSPF watershed software for simulation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export from forest associated with gypsy moth defoliation. It simulates a changing ecosystem following the breakout of defoliation, such as increasing mineralization and nitrification rates and soil temperature, and decreasing interception of precipitation, plant nitrogen uptake rate and evapotranspiration. These parameter values vary with the stages of a defoliation event, such as the progressive period, the peak period, and the recovery period, the simulated DIN export from a multi-occurrence defoliation area in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, USA, is comparable with the observed data. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, CBPO, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RI Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40196-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2659 BP 30 EP 38 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28L UT WOS:000184831900004 ER PT S AU Wang, P Linker, L Cerco, C Shenk, G Batiuk, R AF Wang, P Linker, L Cerco, C Shenk, G Batiuk, R BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI Recast of the outputs of a deterministic model to get a better estimate of water quality for decision makings SO COMPUTATIONAL SICENCE - ICCS 2003, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH ID CHESAPEAKE BAY AB The outputs of a deterministic water quality model are retreated to recast the model simulation. A multi-variance regression method is used for daily model outputs versus observed data to assess the systematic errors in model simulation of individual model cell. The model outputs are re-adjusted to better represent the actual values, and to yield a better model calibration. Such a recast is important to model application for water quality analysis, especially for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) which requires accurate simulation to exam criteria attainment. This paper addresses the recast method, its prerequisites, and how the results are extended for the scenarios with various load reductions. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, CBPO, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. USA, Corp Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40196-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2659 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28L UT WOS:000184831900009 ER PT J AU Tranah, GJ Bagley, M Agresti, JJ May, B AF Tranah, GJ Bagley, M Agresti, JJ May, B TI Development of codominant markers for identifying species hybrids SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; catostomidae; hybrid; SSCP ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; AFLP AB Herein we describe a simple method for developing species-diagnostic markers that would permit the rapid identification of hybrid individuals. Our method relies on amplified length polymorphism (AFLP) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technologies, both of which can be performed in any molecular biology facility using standard laboratory equipment. We demonstrate the utility of the AFLP-SSCP method by developing three taxon-specific markers that will be suitable for monitoring introgression in endangered Klamath basin suckers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tranah, GJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 4 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1023/A:1024715130637 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 701MN UT WOS:000184171500012 ER PT J AU Corley, RA Mast, TJ Carney, EW Rogers, JM Daston, GP AF Corley, RA Mast, TJ Carney, EW Rogers, JM Daston, GP TI Evaluation of physiologically based models of pregnancy and lactation for their application in children's health risk assessments SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; EXPERIMENTAL HUMAN EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID DISPOSITION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BREAST-MILK; BLOOD-FLOW AB In today's scientific and regulatory climates, an increased emphasis is placed on the potential health impacts for children exposed either in utero or by nursing to drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, and industrial or consumer chemicals. As a result, there is a renewed interest in the development and application of biologically based computational models that can be used to predict the dosimetry (or ultimately response) in a developing embryo, fetus, or newborn. However, fundamental differences between animal and human development can create many unique challenges. For example, unlike models designed for adults, biologically based models of pre- and postnatal development must deal with rapidly changing growth dynamics (maternal, embryonic, fetal, and neonatal), changes in the state of differentiation of developing tissues, uniquely expressed or uniquely functioning signal transduction or enzymatic pathways, and unusual routes of exposure (e.g., maternal-mediated placental transfer and lactation). In cases where these challenges are overcome or addressed, biological modeling will likely prove useful in assessments geared toward children's health, given the contributions that this approach has already made in cancer and non-cancer human health risk assessments. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the current state of the art in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling of the developing embryo, fetus, or neonate and to recommend potential steps that could be taken to improve their use in children's health risk assessments. The intent was not to recommend improvements to individual models per se, but to identify areas of research that could move the entire field forward. This analysis includes a brief summary of current risk assessment practices for developmental toxicity, with an overview of developmental biology as it relates to species-specific dosimetry. This summary should provide a general context for understanding the tension that exists in modeling between describing biological proceses in exquisite detail vs. the simplifications that are necessary due to lack of data (or through a sensitivity analysis, determined to be of little impact) to develop individual PBPK or PD models. For each of the previously published models covered in this review, a description of the underlying assumptions and model structures as well as the data and methods used in model development and validation are highlighted. Although several of the models attempted to describe target tissues in the developing embryo, fetus, or neonate of laboratory animals, extrapolations to humans were largely limited to maternal blood or milk concentrations. Future areas of research therefore are recommended to extend the already significant progress that has been made in this field and perhaps address many of the technical, policy, and ethical issues surrounding various approaches for decreasing the uncertainty in extrapolating from animal models to human pregnancies or neonatal exposures. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48640 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. RP Corley, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 152 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 137 EP 211 DI 10.1080/713611035 PG 75 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 667ZV UT WOS:000182266100002 PM 12708613 ER PT J AU Meek, ME Bucher, JR Cohen, SM Dellarco, V Hill, RN Lehman-McKeeman, LD Longfellow, DG Pastoor, T Seed, J Patton, DE AF Meek, ME Bucher, JR Cohen, SM Dellarco, V Hill, RN Lehman-McKeeman, LD Longfellow, DG Pastoor, T Seed, J Patton, DE TI A framework for human relevance analysis of information on carcinogenic modes of action SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE risk assessment; carcinogenic mode of action; human relevance of animal carcinogens; acrylonitrile; atrazine; chloroform; ethylene oxide; d-limonene; melamine; phenobarbital ID MAJOR RISK-FACTOR; REGENERATIVE CELL-PROLIFERATION; THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE-DEMETHYLASE; CHLOROFORM-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; HYALINE DROPLET NEPHROPATHY; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED RESPONSES; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; TRIAZINE-DERIVED COMPOUNDS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE DOSIMETRY AB The human relevance framework (HRF) outlines a four-part process, beginning with data on the mode of action (MOA) in laboratory animals, for evaluating the human relevance of animal tumors. Drawing on U.S. EPA and IPCS proposals for animal MOA analysis, the HRF expands those analyses to include a systematic evaluation of comparability, or lack of comparability, between the postulated animal MOA and related information from human data sources. The HRF evolved through a series of case studies representing several different MOAs. HRF analyses produced divergent outcomes, some leading to complete risk assessment and others discontinuing the process, according to the data available from animal and human sources. Two case examples call for complete risk assessments. One is the default: When data are insufficient to confidently postulate a MCA for test animals, the animal tumor data are presumed to be relevant for risk assessment and a complete risk assessment is necessary. The other is the product of a data-based finding that the animal MOA is relevant to humans. For the specific MOA and endpoint combinations studied for this article, full risk assessments are necessary for potentially relevant MOAs involving cytotoxicity and cell proliferation in animals and humans (Case Study 6, chloroform) and formation of urinary-tract calculi (Case Study 7, melamine). In other circumstances, when data-based findings for the chemical and endpoint combination studied indicate that the tumor-related animal MOA is unlikely to have a human counterpart, there is little reason to continue the risk assessment for that combination. Similarly, when qualitative considerations identify MOAs specific to the test species or quantitative considerations indicate that the animal MOA is unlikely to occur in humans, such hazard findings are generally conclusive and further risk assessment is not necessary for the endpoint-MOA combination under study. Case examples include a tumor-related protein specific to test animals (Case Study 3, d-limonene), the tumor consequences of hormone suppression typical of laboratory animals but not humans (Case Study 4, atrazine), and chemical-related enhanced hormone clearance rates in animals relative to humans (Case Study 5, phenobarbital). The human relevance analysis is highly specific for the chemical-MOA-tissue-endpoint combination under analysis in any particular case: different tissues, different endpoints, or alternative MOAs for a given chemical may result in different human relevance findings. By providing a systematic approach to using MOA data, the HRF offers a new tool for the scientific community's overall effort to enhance the predictive power, reliability and transparency of cancer risk assessment. C1 ILSI Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJ USA. NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Patton, DE (reprint author), ILSI Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM dpatton@ilsi.org NR 305 TC 235 Z9 243 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 591 EP 653 DI 10.1080/10408440390250136 PG 63 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 758YJ UT WOS:000187703200002 PM 14727733 ER PT J AU Klaunig, JE Babich, MA Baetcke, KP Cook, JC Corton, JC David, RM DeLuca, JG Lai, DY McKee, RH Peters, JM Roberts, RA Fenner-Crisp, PA AF Klaunig, JE Babich, MA Baetcke, KP Cook, JC Corton, JC David, RM DeLuca, JG Lai, DY McKee, RH Peters, JM Roberts, RA Fenner-Crisp, PA TI PPAR alpha agonist-induced rodent tumors: Modes of action and human relevance SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carcinogenic mode of action; peroxisome proliferator; PPAR alpha agonist; risk assessment; human relevance of animal tumors; liver tumor; Leydig-cell tumor; pancreatic acinar-cell tumor; DEHP; clofibrate; oxadiazon; perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE DEHP; NF-KAPPA-B; THYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; LEYDIG-CELL HYPERPLASIA; DI-ISONONYL PHTHALATE AB Widely varied chemicals-including certain herbicides, plasticizers, drugs, and natural products-induce peroxisome proliferation in rodent liver and other tissues. This phenomenon is characterized by increases in the volume density and fatty acid oxidation of these organelles, which contain hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid oxidation systems important in lipid metabolism. Research showing that some peroxisome proliferating chemicals are nongenotoxic animal carcinogens stimulated interest in developing mode of action (MOA) information to understand and explain the human relevance of animal tumors associated with these chemicals. Studies have demonstrated that a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in energy homeostasis, designated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), is an obligatory factor in peroxisome proliferation in rodent hepatocytes. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the state of the science on several topics critical to evaluating the relationship between the MOA for PPARalpha agonists and the human relevance of related animal tumors. Topics include a review of existing tumor bioassay data, data from animal and human sources relating to the MOA for PPARalpha agonists in several different tissues, and case studies on the potential human relevance of the animal MOA data. The summary of existing bioassay data discloses substantial species differences in response to peroxisome proliferators in vivo, with rodents more responsive than primates. Among the rat and mouse strains tested, both males and females develop tumors in response to exposure to a wide range of chemicals including DEHP and other phthalates, chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, and certain pesticides and hypolipidemic pharmaceuticals. MOA data from three different rodent tissues-rat and mouse liver, rat pancreas, and rat testis-lead to several different postulated MOAs, some beginning with PPARalpha activation as a causal first step. For example, studies in rodent liver identified seven "key events," including three "causal events "-activation of PPARalpha, perturbation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and selective clonal expansion-and a series of associative events involving peroxisome proliferation, hepatocyte oxidative stress, and Kupffer-cell -mediated events. Similar in-depth analysis for rat Leydig-cell tumors (LCTs) posits one MOA that begins with PPARalpha activation in the liver, but two possible pathways, one secondary to liver induction and the other direct inhibition of testicular testosterone biosynthesis. For this tumor, both proposed pathways involve changes in the metabolism and quantity of related hormones and hormone precursors. Key events in the postulated MOA for the third tumor type, pancreatic acinar-cell tumors (PACTs) in rats, also begin with PPARalpha activation in the liver, followed by changes in bile synthesis and composition. Using the new human relevance framework (HRF) (see companion article), case studies involving PPARalpha-related tumors in each of these three tissues produced a range of outcomes, depending partly on the quality and quantity of MOA data available from laboratory animals and related information from human data sources. C1 ILSI Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY USA. Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Aventis Pharma, Paris, France. RP Fenner-Crisp, PA (reprint author), ILSI Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM pfennercrisp@ilsi.org RI Peters, Jeffrey/D-8847-2011 NR 541 TC 354 Z9 365 U1 6 U2 47 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 655 EP 780 DI 10.1080/10408440390250154 PG 126 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 758YJ UT WOS:000187703200003 PM 14727734 ER PT S AU Polydoratou, P Pendleton, M Nicholas, D AF Polydoratou, P Pendleton, M Nicholas, D BE Sembok, TMT Zaman, HB Chen, H Urs, SR Myaeng, SH TI The system of registries: An evaluation of user feedback... a year later SO DIGITAL LIBRARIES: TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE FOR GLOBAL ACCESS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysian Inst Microelect syst, Multimedia Dec corp, Persatuan Pustakawan Malaysia AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) System of Registries (SoR) is a metadata management tool that is critical to supporting EPA's efforts to manage and integrate environmental information. In March 2003, an SOR users conference was held to demonstrate new services and to promote the SoR's role in supporting various information integration and sharing initiatives currently underway, including the National Environmental Information Exchange Network (NEIEN). We developed an online questionnaire and asked conference attendees to provide feedback on how they use the SoR and what their future expectations are regarding services provided by the SoR. Sixteen of the forty-nine participants responded to questions on familiarity with registries, the types of information sought, and how they have used the information they've obtained in their work. Respondents also gave suggestions for existing services. Combined with results from web usage statistics over a 5-year period, we provide an assessment of SOR usage. C1 City Univ London, Dept Informat Sci, CIBER, London EC1V 0HB, England. US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Polydoratou, P (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Informat Sci, CIBER, London EC1V 0HB, England. EM p.polydoratou@city.ac.uk; nick@soi.city.ac.uk; pendleton.michael@epa.gov RI Nicholas, David/N-8276-2014 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20608-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2911 BP 676 EP 681 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY20Q UT WOS:000188242700071 ER PT B AU Fox, KR AF Fox, KR BE Hunter, PR Waite, M Ronchi, E TI Engineering considerations in the investigation of waterborne outbreaks SO DRINKING WATER AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE: ESTABLISHING THE LINKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Organisation-for-Economic-Cooperation-and-Development Expert Group Meeting CY JUL, 2000 CL BASINGSTOKE, ENGLAND SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Drinking Water Inspectorate UK, Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fox, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Hunter, Paul/A-7172-2008 OI Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-84339-027-2 PY 2003 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Water Resources GA BV41B UT WOS:000178868100010 ER PT J AU Song, MO Fort, DJ McLaughlin, DL Rogers, RL Thomas, JH Buzzard, BO Noll, AM Myers, NK AF Song, MO Fort, DJ McLaughlin, DL Rogers, RL Thomas, JH Buzzard, BO Noll, AM Myers, NK TI Evaluation of Xenopus tropicalis as an alternative test organism for Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xenopus tropicalis; FETAX; developmental toxicity; isoniazid; methotrexatel; 6-aminonicotinamide ID INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; POND WATER; VALIDATION; DECLINES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DETOXIFICATION; MORTALITY; SEDIMENT; EXTRACTS; LAEVIS AB As a formal recommendation from an Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) workshop review of the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) developmental toxicity model, the use of Xenopus tropicalis as an alternative test species for this model was evaluated. Three test substances with varying developmental toxicity potentials were evaluated using FETAX modified to accommodate the use of X. tropicalis. Two separate definitive concentration-response tests were performed with isoniazid, methotrexate, and 6-aminonicotinamide. Historical FETAX results with X. laevis were compared to the results from FETAX assays with X. tropicalis. Test with X. tropicalis indicated that each of the compounds possessed teratogenic potential with varying degrees of potency: 6-aminonicotinamide > methotrexate > isoniazid. Based on overt teratogenicity, but not embryo-lethality, results from these studies indicated that these two species responded similarly to the test compounds. Malformation syndromes induced in both species were similar in X. tropicalis and X. laevis. These results suggested that X. tropicalis should be further evaluated as an alternative test organism for the FETAX model. C1 Ft Environm Labs, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), Ft Environm Labs, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1081/DCT-120022647 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 709KV UT WOS:000184625100003 PM 12953658 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Kenyon, EM Edwards, BC Mitchell, CT Del Razo, LM Thomas, DJ AF Hughes, MF Kenyon, EM Edwards, BC Mitchell, CT Del Razo, LM Thomas, DJ TI Comparative metabolism of arsenic in mice after a single or repeated oral administration of arsenate SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th North American ISSX Meeting CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Pfizer Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceut, Purdue Pharma LP, Schering-Plough Res, Sanofi Synthelabo Res, Merck Res Lab, Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wyeth-Ayerst Res Lab C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 2 MA 191 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 734QX UT WOS:000186069300187 ER PT B AU Richardson, JR Berish, CW AF Richardson, JR Berish, CW BE Dale, VH TI Data and information issues in modeling for resource management decision making: Communication is the key SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Richardson, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300009 ER PT S AU Kenny, J AF Kenny, J BE Tiezzi, E Brebbia, CA Uso, JL TI A pilot program to encourage construction of affordable and sustainable housing in New Jersey SO ECOSYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IV, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development CY JUN 04-06, 2003 CL SIENA, ITALY SP Univ Siena, Wessex Inst Technol AB One aspect of sustainable development involves improving home construction to maximize energy conservation and protect the environment. But environmentally friendly innovations can add to construction costs and make these units too expensive for low-income residents to buy or rent. The challenge is to keep such homes both sustainable and affordable. In the late 1990s, the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs (DCA) and PSE&G, the state's largest utility company, launched a pilot program to build affordable housing that serves low- and moderate-income residents but also serves vital goals of sustainable housing. Projects selected for state funding incorporate several key sustainable strategies, such as reducing dependence on automobiles, recycling materials at the job site, installing low-flow water fixtures, and selecting interior finishes for health, durability, and environmental responsibility. Equally important, the housing units are designed to meet or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star level of energy efficiency. Through a combination of insulation, air sealing, ventilation, and properly sized heating plants, they are at least 30 percent more energy-efficient than standard new housing. The immediate result was hundreds of units built through a $15 million state investment. The program also achieved its long-term goal of market transformation in 2001 when K. Hovnanian Companies, New Jersey's largest home builder, announced its commitment to meet voluntary New Jersey Energy Star Program (an EPA-backed program) standards in every new home it builds in the state. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kenny, J (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 2, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-8273 BN 1-85312-834-1 J9 ADV ECOL SCI JI Adv. Ecol. Sci. PY 2003 VL 18-19 BP 571 EP 579 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BX53C UT WOS:000185615100053 ER PT J AU Knapp, GW Setzer, RW Fuscoe, JC AF Knapp, GW Setzer, RW Fuscoe, JC TI Quantitation of aberrant interlocus T-Cell receptor rearrangements in mouse thymocytes and the effect of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE aberrant V(D)J recombination; mouse model; 2,4-D; cancer risk; biomarker ID MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; ILLEGITIMATE V(D)J RECOMBINATION; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; GENETIC INSTABILITY; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; AKR MICE; DERIVATIVES; LYMPHOCYTES; DISRUPTION; HUMANS AB Small studies in human populations have suggested a correlation between the frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly and lymphoid malignancy risk. In particular, agricultural workers exposed to pesticides have both an increased risk for lymphoma and an increased frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly. In order to further investigate the potential of such errors to serve as a mechanistically based biomarker of lymphoid cancer risk, we have developed a sensitive PCR assay for quantifying errors of V(D)J recombination in the thymocytes of mice. This assay measures interlocus rearrangements between two T-cell receptor loci, V-gamma and J-beta, located on chromosomes 13 and 6, respectively. The baseline frequency in four strains of mice was determined at several ages (2-8 weeks of aged and was found to be stable at similar to 1.5 X 10(-5) per thymocyte. Strain AKR, which has a high susceptibility to T-cell lymphomas, did not show an elevated frequency of aberrant V(D)J events. We used this assay to examine the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the frequency of these events. Female B63F1 mice, 27 days of age, were exposed to 2,4-D by gavage at doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/ kg/day for 4 successive days and sacrificed on day 5. Thymus DNA was isolated and examined for illegitimate V(D)J recombination-mediated gene rearrangements. In addition, pregnant mice were exposed to 2,4-D and thymocytes from the offspring examined at 2 weeks of age. No significant increase in aberrant V(D)J rearrangements was found, indicating that under these conditions 2,4-D does not appear to effect this important mechanism of carcinogenesis. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fuscoe, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1002/em.10168 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 708JZ UT WOS:000184564800005 PM 12874811 ER PT J AU Hess, JL Clark, LS Moore, MM AF Hess, JL Clark, LS Moore, MM TI Trp53 sequence analysis of L5178Y cell line derivatives SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Trp53; mouse lymphoma assay ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; MUTATIONS; P53; MUTAGENICITY; LOCUS; GENE C1 Western Maryland Coll, Westminster, MA USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moore, MM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, HFT 120,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.1002/em.10180 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 718FC UT WOS:000185133600009 PM 12929125 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Doerr, CL Tennant, AH Harrrington-Brock, K Allen, JW Winkfield, E Poorman-Allen, P Kundu, B Funasaka, K Roop, BC Mass, MJ DeMarini, DM AF Kligerman, AD Doerr, CL Tennant, AH Harrrington-Brock, K Allen, JW Winkfield, E Poorman-Allen, P Kundu, B Funasaka, K Roop, BC Mass, MJ DeMarini, DM TI Methylated trivalent arsenicals as candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic: Induction of chromosomal mutations but not gene mutations SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; chromosome aberrations; human lymphocytes; mouse lymphoma; MMA(III); DMA(III); mutagenicity; prophage-induction; Salmonella; sister chromatid exchanges ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; SODIUM ARSENITE; V79 CELLS; MULTIPOLAR SPINDLES; INORGANIC ARSENICS; IN-VITRO; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID AB Arsenic is a prevalent human carcinogen whose mutagenicity has not been characterized fully. Exposure to either form of inorganic arsenic, As-III or As-V, can result in the formation of at least four organic metabolites: monomethylarsonic acid, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), dimethylarsinic acid, and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)). The methylated trivalent species, as well as some of the other species, have not been evaluated previously for the induction of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), or toxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes; for mutagenicity in L5178Y/Tk(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells or in the Salmonella reversion assay; or for prophage-induction in Escherichia coli. Here we evaluated the arsenicals in these assays and found that MMA(III) and DMA(III) were the most potent clastogens of the six arsenicals in human lymphocytes and the most potent mutagens of the six arsenicals at the Tk(+/-) locus in mouse lymphoma cells. The dimethylated arsenicals were also spindle poisons, suggesting that they may be ultimate forms of arsenic that induce aneuploidy. Although the arsenicals were potent clastogens, none were potent SCE inducers, similar to clastogens that act via reactive oxygen species. None of the six arsenicals were gene mutagens in Salmonella TA98, TA100, or TA104; and neither MMA(III) nor DMA(III) induced prophage. Our results show that both methylated As-V compounds were less cytotoxic and genotoxic than As-V, whereas both methylated As-III compouds were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than As-III. Our data support the view that MMA(III) and DMA(III) are candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic and that they are clastogens and not gene mutagens. We suggest that the clastogenicity of the other arsenicals is due to their metabolism by cells to MMA(III) or DMA(III). Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher Environm, Osaka, Japan. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, B-143-06,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 79 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 192 EP 205 DI 10.1002/em.10192 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 740NF UT WOS:000186407900008 PM 14556226 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Schulte, PA Bayard, S Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Butler, MA Dankovic, D Hubbs, AF Jones, C Karstadt, M Kedderis, GL Melnick, R Redlich, CA Rothman, N Savage, RE Sprinker, M Toraason, M Weston, A AF Ward, EM Schulte, PA Bayard, S Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Butler, MA Dankovic, D Hubbs, AF Jones, C Karstadt, M Kedderis, GL Melnick, R Redlich, CA Rothman, N Savage, RE Sprinker, M Toraason, M Weston, A CA Natl Occupational Res Agenda Team TI Priorities for development of research methods in occupational cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer research; National Occupational Research Agenda; occupational health; research priorities ID PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATES; NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BREAST-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; VINYL-CHLORIDE AB Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment research in each priority area. This article is a product of that process. Focus on occupational cancer research methods is important both because occupational factors play a significant role in a number of cancers, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, and also because occupational cohorts (because of higher exposure levels) often provide unique opportunities to evaluate health effects of environmental toxicants and understand the carcinogenic process in humans. Despite an explosion of new methods for cancer research in general, these have not been widely applied to occupational cancer research. In this article we identify needs and gaps in occupational cancer research methods in four broad areas: identification of occupational carcinogens, design of epidemiologic studies, risk assessment, and primary and secondary prevention. Progress in occupational cancer will require interdisciplinary research involving epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, and molecular biologists. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. US Mine Safety & Hlth Adm, Arlington, VA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Yale Univ, Occupat Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT USA. Int Chem Workers Union Council, United Food & Commercial Workers, Akron, OH USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 126 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1289/ehp.5537 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600020 PM 12524210 ER PT J AU Carter, JH Carter, HW Deddens, JA Hurst, BM George, MH DeAngelo, AB AF Carter, JH Carter, HW Deddens, JA Hurst, BM George, MH DeAngelo, AB TI A 2-year dose-response study of lesion sequences during hepatocellular carcinogenesis in the male B6C3F(1) mouse given the drinking water chemical dichloroacetic acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE B6C3F(1) mice; dichloracetic acid; drinking water disinfection by-products; hepatocarcinogenicity; histopathology; liver toxicity ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; IN-VIVO; EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS; ACETIC-ACIDS; LIVER; MICE; INDUCTION; MUTAGENICITY; HEPATOCYTES AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is carcinogenic to the B6C3F(1) mouse and the F344 rat. Given the carcinogenic potential of DCA in rodent liver and the known concentrations of this compound in drinking water, reliable biologically based models to reduce the uncertainty of risk assessment for human exposure to DCA are needed. Development of such models requires identification and quantification of premallignant hepatic lesions, identification of the doses at which these lesions occur, and determination of the likelihood that these lesions will progress to cancer. In this study we determined the dose response of histopathologic changes occurring in the livers of mice exposed to DCA (0.05-3.5 g/L) for 26-100 weeks. Lesions were classified as foci of cellular alteration smaller than one liver lobule (altered hepatic foci; AHF), foci of cellular alteration larger than one liver lobule (large foci of cellular alteration; LFCA), adenomas (ADs), or carcinomas (CAs). Histopathologic analysis of 598 premalignant lesions revealed that a) each lesion class had a predominant phenotype; b) AHF, LFCA, and AD demonstrated neoplastic progression with time; and c) independent of DCA dose and length of exposure effects, some toxic/adaptive changes in non-involved liver were related to this neoplastic progression. A lesion sequence for carcinogenesis in male B6C3F(1) mouse liver has been proposed that will enable development of a biologically based mathematical model for DCA. Because all classes of premalignant lesions and CAs were found at both lower and higher doses, these data are consistent with the conclusion that nongenotoxic mechanisms, such as negative selection, are relevant to DCA carcinogenesis at lower doses where DCA genotoxicity has not been observed. C1 Wood Hudson Canc Res Lab, Newport, KY 41071 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Carter, JH (reprint author), Wood Hudson Canc Res Lab, 931 Isabella St, Newport, KY 41071 USA. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1289/ehp.5442 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600027 PM 12515679 ER PT J AU Mills, LJ Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Horowitz, DB Denslow, ND Chow, MC Zaroogian, GE AF Mills, LJ Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Horowitz, DB Denslow, ND Chow, MC Zaroogian, GE TI Relationship between reproductive success and male plasma vitellogenin concentrations in cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cunner; estrogens; fish; indicator; reproduction; vitellogenin ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ESTROGENIC CONTAMINATION; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; STW EFFLUENT; BIOMARKER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; CHEMICALS; DISRUPTION AB The gene for vitellogenin, an egg yolk protein precursor, is usually silent in male fish but can be induced by estrogen exposure. For this reason, vitellogenin production in male fish has become a widely used indicator of exposure to exogenous estrogens or estrogen mimics in the aquatic environment. The utility of this indicator to predict impacts on fish reproductive success is unclear because information on the relationship between male plasma vitellogenin and reproductive end points in male and female fish is limited. In the research reported in this article, we investigated whether the presence of male plasma vitellogenin is a reliable indicator of decreased reproductive success in mature fish. Adult and sexually mature male and female cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were exposed to 17beta-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, or estrone, three steroidal estrogens that elicit the vitellogenic response. Data were gathered and pooled on egg production, egg viability, egg fertility, sperm motility, and male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. All males, including two with plasma vitellogenin levels exceeding 300 mg/mL, produced motile sperm. Neither percent fertile eggs nor percent viable eggs produced by reproductively active fish demonstrated a significant correlation with male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Male gonadosomatic index and average daily egg production by females showed significant, but weak, negative correlation with male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Results suggest that male plasma vitellogenin expression is not a reliable indicator of male reproductive dysfunction in adult cunner exposed to estrogens for 2-8 weeks during their reproductive season, at least in relation to capacity to produce motile sperm or fertilize eggs. Male plasma vitellogenin expression may serve as an indicator of reduced female reproductive function caused by estrogen exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Pharm, Dept Biomed Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Florida, Biotechnol Program, Mol Biomarkers & Prot Chem Core, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mills, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1289/ehp.5531 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600032 PM 12515685 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, A Kunugita, N Kitagawa, K Isse, T Oyama, T Foureman, GL Morita, M Kawamoto, T AF Matsumoto, A Kunugita, N Kitagawa, K Isse, T Oyama, T Foureman, GL Morita, M Kawamoto, T TI Bisphenol A levels in human urine SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biologic monitoring; bisphenol A; can coatings; canned food; environmental exposure; glucuronide; HPLC; human; lifestyle; urine ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; E-SCREEN ASSAY; RATS; XENOESTROGENS; METHOXYCHLOR; METABOLISM; MIGRATION; COATINGS; EXPOSURE; DRINKS AB The estrogenic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) have been reported in human cells (E-screen assays) and in in vivo studies of rodents, although the latter reports remain controversial, as do the exposure levels and adverse health effects of BPA in humans. In this study we report on an analytical high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence method for BPA and its conjugate in human urine and on the application of this method in two student cohorts. Urine, along with information on smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee/tea consumption, was collected in two different years from two different groups of university students, 50 in 1992 and 56 in 1999. Overall, the urinary BPA levels in the students in 1992 were significantly higher than were those in 1999. The BPA levels were also positively correlated with coffee and tea consumption in the 1992 cohort but not in the 1999 cohort. We speculate that recent changes made in Japan regarding the interior coating of cans used to package these beverages may partly explain these findings. C1 Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Yahatanishi Ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8078555, Japan. Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Hlth Sci, Yahatanishi Ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8078555, Japan. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Kawamoto, T (reprint author), Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Yahatanishi Ku, Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8078555, Japan. OI Kunugita, Naoki/0000-0002-6516-8379 NR 29 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1289/ehp.5512 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600033 PM 12515686 ER PT J AU Sexton, K Adgate, JL Eberly, LE Clayton, CA Whitmore, RW Pellizzari, ED Lioy, PJ Quackenboss, JJ AF Sexton, K Adgate, JL Eberly, LE Clayton, CA Whitmore, RW Pellizzari, ED Lioy, PJ Quackenboss, JJ TI Predicting children's short-term exposure to pesticides: Results of a questionnaire screening approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; children; chlorpyrifos; diazinon; dietary ingestion; exposure; inhalation; malathion; nondietary ingestion; pesticides; questionnaires; urinary metabolites ID PROBABILITY-BASED SAMPLE; HEALTH AB The ability of questionnaires to predict children's exposure to pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of 102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban (Rice and Goodhue Counties in Minnesota) households. Samples were collected in a variety of relevant media (air, food, beverages, tap water, house dust, soil, urine), and chemical analyses emphasized three organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion) and a herbicide (atrazine). Results indicate that the residential pesticide-use questions and overall screening approach used in the MNCPES were ineffective for identifying and oversampling children/households with higher levels of individual target pesticides. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sexton, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Room 1260,MMC 807,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011; Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013; OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1289/ehp.5823 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600036 PM 12515690 ER PT J AU Hudnell, HK Shoemaker, RC AF Hudnell, HK Shoemaker, RC TI Neuropsychologic testing versus visual contrast sensitivity: Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; NORTH-CAROLINA; HUMAN HEALTH; PFIESTERIA; VISION C1 US EPA, NPBT, NTD, NHEER,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Biotoxin Associated Illness Inc, Res Ctr, Pocomoke City, MD USA. RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, NPBT, NTD, NHEER,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP A18 EP A19 DI 10.1289/ehp.111-a18 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600006 ER PT J AU McDonald, ME AF McDonald, ME TI Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McDonald, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1023/A:1021300408798 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300001 ER PT J AU Bertram, P Stadler-Salt, N Horvatin, P Shear, H AF Bertram, P Stadler-Salt, N Horvatin, P Shear, H TI Bi-national assessment of the Great Lakes: SOLEC partnerships SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE Great Lakes; indicators; SOLEC AB Many administrative jurisdictions have authority over parts of the Great Lakes, sometimes with competing purposes as well as governance at differing scales of time and space. As demand increases for high quality information that is relevant to environmental managers, environmental and natural resource agencies with limited budgets must look to interdisciplinary, collaborative approaches for the collection, analysis and reporting of data. The State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) were begun in 1994 in response to reporting requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the U. S. The biennial conferences provide independent, science-based reporting on the state of health of the Great Lakes ecosystem components. A suite of indicators necessary and sufficient to assess Great Lakes ecosystem status was introduced in 1998, and assessments based on a subset of the indicators were presented in 2000. Because SOLEC is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional reporting venue, the SOLEC indicators require acceptance by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the Great Lakes basin. The SOLEC indicators list is expected to provide the basis for government agencies and other organizations to collaborate more effectively and to allocate resources to data collection, evaluation and reporting on the state of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem. C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Environm Canada Ontario Reg, Off Reg Sci Advisor, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Environm Canada Ontario Reg, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Bertram, P (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1023/A:1021396101299 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300004 PM 12620001 ER PT J AU Tedesco, M Bohlen, WF Howard-Strobel, MM Cohen, DR Tebeau, PA AF Tedesco, M Bohlen, WF Howard-Strobel, MM Cohen, DR Tebeau, PA TI The MYSound project: Building an estuary-wide monitoring network for Long Island Sound, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE automated; continuous water quality monitoring; estuarine monitoring; real-time data; MYSound; time-series data; Bridgeport Harbor; western Long Island Sound AB A network of five water quality monitoring stations has been established in Long Island Sound, measuring temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen since 1999. The stations are located in areas of extreme water quality degradation ( western Long Island Sound) as well as in pristine areas ( eastern Long Island Sound). The data from these stations are collected every 15 minutes and posted to the project web site in real time as provisional data. After subsequent quality assurance procedures, the data are archived to the project File Transfer Protocol (FSP) site for downloading by the user community. The network of stations is in part supported logistically by a number of partners, including state and local agencies, schools, and non-governmental organizations. Data from the monitoring programs of some of these partners are also published to the project website providing a more comprehensive and complete picture of the status of the Sound than can be provided independently. This repository of information is used by marine educators, resource managers, scientists, and the general public, each with a different end purpose. We use the data from two of the stations to show that these high frequency time series measurements can be used to complement and enhance other monitoring programs within the Sound, documenting in greater detail the occurrence and duration of hypoxic events. C1 US EPA, Long Isl Sound Off, Stamford, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Marine Res Associates LLC, Groton, CT USA. RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), US EPA, Long Isl Sound Off, Stamford, CT USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1021348218138 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300005 PM 12620002 ER PT J AU Warren, GJ Horvatin, PJ AF Warren, GJ Horvatin, PJ TI Great Lakes monitoring results - Comparison of probability based and deterministic sampling grids SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE Great Lakes; monitoring; EMAP; total phosphorus; Lake Michigan; trophic status indicators AB The Great Lakes may be viewed as a coastal environment, affected by the same meteorological and physical forces as the coastal ocean. The U. S. EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office ( GLNPO) has monitored the open waters of the lakes, annually, since 1983. As part of the U. S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP), a pilot study was performed in Lake Michigan to compare the existing GLNPO deterministic sampling grid with the EMAP probabilistic grid. Results of chemical analyses of trophic status indicators ( total phosphorus and chlorophyll a) as well as nutrients and conventional limnological measurements, from spring and summer surveys in 1992 indicate little difference between the grids in the offshore region of the lake. The few statistically significant differences may be due to station distribution throughout the lake, or simple chance. This might be expected due to the well mixed nature of the open waters of Lake Michigan. The detection of a long-term trend for total phosphorus in Lake Michigan benefits from an annual program: viewing cumulative frequency distributions based on a four year EMAP interval does not convey information on the decrease in phosphorus in the lake. If the EMAP sampling grid were to be used in the Great Lakes, pilots in each of the lakes would be necessary for utilization of the existing long-term record as a basis for trend detection. C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Warren, GJ (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1023/A:1021304403117 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300008 PM 12620005 ER PT J AU Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG AF Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG TI Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE coastal monitoring; coastal databases; information management; data partnerships; data integration ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INFORMATION; NETWORK; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB Understanding the ecology, condition, and changes of coastal areas requires data from many sources. Broad-scale and long-term ecological questions, such as global climate change, biodiversity, and cumulative impacts of human activities, must be addressed with databases that integrate data from several different research and monitoring programs. Various barriers, including widely differing data formats, codes, directories, systems, and metadata used by individual programs, make such integration troublesome. Coastal data partnerships, by helping overcome technical, social, and organizational barriers, can lead to a better understanding of environmental issues, and may enable better management decisions. Characteristics of successful data partnerships include a common need for shared data, strong collaborative leadership, committed partners willing to invest in the partnership, and clear agreements on data standards and data policy. Emerging data and metadata standards that become widely accepted are crucial. New information technology is making it easier to exchange and integrate data. Data partnerships allow us to create broader databases than would be possible for any one organization to create by itself. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. US EPA, Mid Atlantic Integrated Assessment, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NJ Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1023/A:1021372923589 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300014 PM 12620011 ER PT J AU Hyland, JL Balthis, WL Engle, VD Long, ER Paul, JF Summers, JK Van Dolah, RF AF Hyland, JL Balthis, WL Engle, VD Long, ER Paul, JF Summers, JK Van Dolah, RF TI Incidence of stress in benthic communities along the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts within different ranges of sediment contamination from chemical mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE benthic indicators; chemical contaminants; sediment quality; predicting benthic stress; U. S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries ID QUALITY GUIDELINES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE; TOXICITY AB Synoptic data on concentrations of sediment-associated chemical contaminants and benthic macroinfaunal community structure were collected from 1,389 stations in estuaries along the U. S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts as part of the nationwide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP). These data were used to develop an empirical framework for evaluating risks of benthic community-level effects within different ranges of sediment contamination from mixtures of multiple chemicals present at varying concentrations. Sediment contamination was expressed as the mean ratio of individual chemical concentrations relative to corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), including Effects Range-Median (ERM) and Probable Effects Level (PEL) values. Benthic condition was assessed using diagnostic, multi-metric indices developed for each of three EMAP provinces ( Virginian, Carolinian, and Louisianian). Cumulative percentages of stations with a degraded benthic community were plotted against ascending values of the mean ERM and PEL quotients. Based on the observed relationships, mean SQG quotients were divided into four ranges corresponding to either a low, moderate, high, or very high incidence of degraded benthic condition. Results showed that condition of the ambient benthic community provides a reliable and sensitive indicator for evaluating the biological significance of sediment-associated stressors. Mean SQG quotients marking the beginning of the contaminant range associated with the highest incidence of benthic impacts (73-100% of samples, depending on the province and type of SQG) were well below those linked to high risks of sediment toxicity as determined by short-term toxicity tests with single species. Measures of the ambient benthic community reflect the sensitivities of multiple species and life stages to persistent exposures under actual field conditions. Similar results were obtained with preliminary data from the west coast ( Puget Sound). C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. ERL Environm, Salem, OR USA. US EPA, Narragansett, RI USA. SC Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. RP Hyland, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1023/A:1021325007660 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300015 PM 12620012 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS Malone, TC Giattina, JD AF Fisher, WS Malone, TC Giattina, JD TI A pilot project to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE harmful algal blooms; red tide; observing systems; remote sensing; in situ sensing; environmental monitoring ID TRANSPORT AB More timely access to data and information on the initiation, evolution and effects of harmful algal blooms can reduce adverse impacts on valued natural resources and human health. To achieve this in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a pilot project was initiated to develop a user-driven, end-to-end ( measurements to applications) observing system. A key strategy of the project is to coordinate existing state, federal and academic programs at an unprecedented level of collaboration and partnership. Resource managers charged with protection of public health and aquatic resources require immediate notice of algal events and a forecast of when, where and what adverse effects will likely occur. Further, managers require integrated analyses and interpretations, rather than raw data, to make effective decisions. Consequently, a functional observing system must collect and transform diverse measurements into usable forecasts. Data needed to support development of forecasts will include such properties as sea surface temperature, winds, currents and waves; precipitation and freshwater flows with related discharges of sediment and nutrients; salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll concentrations ( in vivo fluorescence); and remotely-sensed spatial images of sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. These data will be provided via a mixture of discrete and autonomous in situ sensing with near real-time data telemetry, and remote sensing from space ( SeaWiFS), aircraft (hyperspectral imagery) or land (high-frequency radar). With calibration across these platforms, the project will ultimately provide a 4-dimensional visualization of harmful algae events in a time frame suitable to resource managers. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Studies, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. US EPA, Gulf Mexico Program Off, Stessis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1023/A:1021366116746 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300032 PM 12620029 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Rybicki, NB Lombana, AV O'Brien, TM Gomez, RB AF Williams, DJ Rybicki, NB Lombana, AV O'Brien, TM Gomez, RB TI Preliminary investigation of submerged aquatic vegetation mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE submerged aquatic vegetation; remote sensing; hyperspectral; species mapping; estuarine ecosystems; epiphyte; reflectance spectroscopy; computational techniques ID REFLECTANCE AB The use of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery for automated mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the tidal Potomac River was investigated for near to realtime resource assessment and monitoring. Airborne hyperspectral imagery and field spectrometer measurements were obtained in October of 2000. A spectral library database containing selected ground-based and airborne sensor spectra was developed for use in image processing. The spectral library is used to automate the processing of hyperspectral imagery for potential real-time material identification and mapping. Field based spectra were compared to the airborne imagery using the database to identify and map two species of SAV ( Myriophyllum spicatum and Vallisneria americana). Overall accuracy of the vegetation maps derived from hyperspectral imagery was determined by comparison to a product that combined aerial photography and field based sampling at the end of the SAV growing season. The algorithms and databases developed in this study will be useful with the current and forthcoming space-based hyperspectral remote sensing systems. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Environm Concern Inc, St Michaels, MD 21663 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Branch, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,555 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1023/A:1021318217654 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300033 PM 12620030 ER PT J AU Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Wolff, K Finkelstein, PL AF Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Wolff, K Finkelstein, PL TI Interpreting spatial variation in ozone symptoms shown by cutleaf cone flower, Rudbeckia laciniata L. SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Native Plants as Bioindicators of Air Pollutants held in conjunction withe the 34th Air Pollution Workshop CY APR 15, 2002 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE UNIV DE ozone; visible injury; bioindicator; coneflower; Rudbeckia laciniata ID MOUNTAINS NATIONAL-PARK; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; NATURAL-SELECTION; ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; VERTICAL OZONE; PLANTAGO-MAJOR; TOLERANCE; PROFILES; FOREST AB Visible injury caused by ozone is recorded every year in native plant species growing in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA). One of the most sensitive species, cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.), shows great variation in symptoms between and within populations but the causes of this variation and its ecological significance are currently unknown. This paper presents data relating to genetic variation, ozone concentrations, stomatal conductance and light (PAR) within populations. The data show that populations differ in genetic diversity, one consisting of only three genets while another was very diverse. In the former population, symptoms varied greatly within a single genet, pointing to a large micro-environmental influence. Measurements of ozone, stomatal conductance and PAR within plant canopies suggest that variation in symptom expression is unlikely to be due to differences in ozone flux and more likely to be due to variation in light. The variation in visible symptoms raises the question of what bioindicators actually indicate, and it suggests that symptoms should be interpreted with great caution until the underlying causes of that variation are fully understood. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davison, AW (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Ridley Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RI Wolff, Kirsten/E-7961-2012 OI Wolff, Kirsten/0000-0002-6050-8493 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00087-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694EN UT WOS:000183761000008 PM 12804828 ER PT J AU Yuska, DE Skelly, JM Ferdinand, JA Stevenson, RE Savage, JE Mulik, JD Hines, A AF Yuska, DE Skelly, JM Ferdinand, JA Stevenson, RE Savage, JE Mulik, JD Hines, A TI Use of bioindicators and passive sampling devices to evaluate ambient ozone concentrations in north central Pennsylvania SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Native Plants as Bioindicators of Air Pollutants held in conjunction withe the 34th Air Pollution Workshop CY APR 15, 2002 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE UNIV DE ozone; passive monitors; bioindicators; black cherry; common milkweed ID O-3; VEGETATION; SAMPLERS AB Ambient concentrations of tropospheric ozone and ozone-induced injury to black cherry (Prunus serotina) and common milk-weed (Asclepias syriaca) were determined in north central Pennsylvania from 29 May to 5 September 2000 and from 28 May to IS September 2001. Ogawa passive ozone samplers were utilized within openings at 15 forested sites of which six were co-located with TECO model 49 continuous ozone monitors. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Ogawa passive samplers and the TECO model 49 continuous ozone monitors for the 2000 (r = 0.959) and 2001 (r = 0.979) seasons. In addition, a significant positive correlation existed in 2000 and 2001 between ozone concentration and elevation (r = 0.720) and (r = 0.802), respectively. Classic ozone-induced symptoms were observed on black cherry and common milkweed. In 2000, initial injury was observed in early June, whereas for the 2001 season, initial injury was initially observed in late June. During both seasons, injury was noted at most sites by mid- to late-July. Soil moisture potential was measured for the 2001 season and a significant positive relationship (P<0.001) showed that injury to black cherry was a function of cumulative ozone concentrations and available soil moisture. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Res & Assessment Lab, Exposure Methods & Monitoring Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Skelly, JM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Grad Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00096-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694EN UT WOS:000183761000009 PM 12804829 ER PT J AU Kampbell, DH An, YJ Jewell, KP Masoner, JR AF Kampbell, DH An, YJ Jewell, KP Masoner, JR TI Groundwater quality surrounding Lake Texoma during short-term drought conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE groundwater; well; water quality; drought; stressor; nitrate ID UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; PESTICIDES AB Water quality data from 55 monitoring wells during drought conditions surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, was compared to assess the influence of drought on groundwater quality. During the drought month of October, water table levels were three feet (0.9 m) lower compared with several months earlier under predrought climate conditions. Detection frequencies of nitrate (> 0.1 mg/l), orthophosphates (> 0.1 mg/l), chlorides (> CL), and sulfates (> MCL) all increased during drought. Orthophosphate level was higher during drought. Largest increases in concentration were nitrate under both agriculture lands and in septic tank areas. An increase in ammonium-nitrogen was only detected in the septic tank area. The study showed that stressors such as nitrate and total salts could potentially become a health or environmental problem during drought. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Kampbell, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00072-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ZJ UT WOS:000184254900006 PM 12810312 ER PT J AU Cripe, GM McKenney, CL Hoglund, MD Harris, PS AF Cripe, GM McKenney, CL Hoglund, MD Harris, PS TI Effects of fenoxycarb exposure on complete larval development of the xanthid crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE crabs; larval stages; fenoxycarb; insect growth regulator ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; JUVENILE-HORMONE ACTIVITY; CYCLIC TEMPERATURES; CHRONIC TOXICITY; ORGANISMS; MOSQUITOS; HEMIPTERA; SHRIMP AB Pest control agents, such as juvenile hormone analogues (JHA), have been developed to limit effects on non-target organisms that co-inhabit insect pest habitats. Rhithropanopeus harrisii, an estuarine xanthid crab, was used to observe the impacts of the JHA, fenoxycarb, on the pattern of complete larval development as well as survival of larvae and successful metamorphosis to first crab stage. Significant mortality occurred in the first of four zoeal stages (after 2-3 days of exposure) at the highest treatment of 240 mug fenoxycarb/l and in megalopae exposed to 48 mug fenoxycarb/l. The time required to metamorphose to the first crab stage was significantly increased for megalopae in all treatments greater than or equal to48 mug/l. This delay in development was sufficient to significantly prolong the entire developmental period from zoea to crabs. Unexposed larvae developed to crabs in an average of 16 days; larvae exposed to greater than or equal to48 mug/l required 19-20 days. Reduced survival and extended duration of developing larval stages in the life history of a benthic invertebrate may alter the population dynamics of these organisms in the estuary. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Cripe, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00414-1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ZJ UT WOS:000184254900018 PM 12810324 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH TI Total, dissolved, and bioavailable metals at Lake Texoma marinas SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE metal; bioavailability; sediment; copper; marina ID WATER-QUALITY; CADMIUM; SOIL; LEAD; ZINC AB Dissolved metals in water and total metals in sediments were measured at marina areas in Lake Texoma during June 1999 to October 2001, and October 2001, respectively. The metals most often found in the highest concentrations in marina water were Na and Ca, followed by Mg and K. Elevated Cu levels detected in lake water appeared to be associated with Cu based anti-fouling paint used on boats. Metal concentrations in sediment were much higher than in water. The relative order of the concentration in sediment was Ca > Al > Fe > K > Mg > Na. Elevated Cu level at specific locations appeared to be associated with local anthropogenic sources of boat repair activities. There were positive relationships between several metal elements in water and sediment. Metals in 16 sediments from lake marinas were extracted with a weak electrolyte solution [0.1 M Ca(NO3)(2)] to predict the bioavailability of metals. Among the five heavy metals studied (As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn), Cu was the most bioavailable in Lake Texoma marinas. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seodaemun Gu, Seoul 120750, South Korea. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seodaemun Gu, 11-1 Daehyun Dong, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM anyjooo@ewha.ac.kr NR 15 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 122 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00291-9 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00291-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648WH UT WOS:000181173600012 PM 12531314 ER PT S AU Barrett, W Harten, P AF Barrett, W Harten, P BE Kraslawski, A Turunen, I TI Development of the US EPA's metal finishing facility pollution prevention tool SO EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS ENGINEERING - 13 SE COMPUTER-AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-13) CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL LAPPEENRANTA, FINLAND SP Lappeenranta Univ Technol ID CHEMICAL PROCESS SIMULATORS; REDUCTION WAR ALGORITHM AB Metal Finishing processes are a type of chemical processes and can be modeled using Computer Aided Process Engineering (CAPE). Currently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is developing the Metal Finishing Facility Pollution Prevention Tool (MFFP2T), a pollution prevention software tool for the metal finishing industry. CAPE is the central component of MFFP2T, and the CAPE-OPEN standards were used in MFFP2T development. MFFP2T development is expanding the application of CAPE-OPEN standards beyond the chemical industry to the metal finishing industry. It has a CAPE-OPEN compliant simulation executive to carry out simulations of user-constructed metal finishing processes, and it includes a graphical user interface (GUI) enabling users to build simulations of unique metal finishing processes that closely represent their own metal plating lines. MFFP2T provides only CAPE-OPEN compliant components. Included in NIFFP2T is a Thermodynamic Material Object and Property Package to conduct thermodynamic calculations, such as estimation of thermodynamic properties of materials used in the metal plating process, and chemical equilibrium calculations. MFFP2T includes Unit Operations specific to the metal plating industry, both the basic operations (e.g. Alkaline Cleaning, Vapor Degreaser, Cr+6 Plating) and pollution control operations (e.g. Microfiltration, Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis). Many of the modules produced are expected to have immediate application in the chemical industry. MFFP2T utilizes the EPA's Waste Reduction (WAR) Algorithm Package to determine the potential environmental impact of materials used in the plating process. All components are developed using the CAPE-OPEN Component Object Module (COM) interface definition language (IDL), and have passed CAPE-OPEN tests available through the CAPE-OPEN Laboratories Network(CO-LaN). C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Barrett, W (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7946 BN 0-444-51368-X J9 COMP AID CH PY 2003 VL 14 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BW84P UT WOS:000183369400095 ER PT J AU Becker, S Soukup, JM Sioutas, C Cassee, FR AF Becker, S Soukup, JM Sioutas, C Cassee, FR TI Response of human alveolar macrophages to ultrafine, fine, and coarse urban air pollution particles SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human alveolar macrophages; IL-6; TNF and MIP-1, production; inhibition by CD14; expression of CD11b; coarse fine and ultrafine pollution particles; PM10; PM2.5 ID EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; HUMAN MONOCYTES; INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; IN-VITRO; PARTICULATE; CHILDREN; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB In the lower airways, macrophages are important regulators of inflammation and indispensable in their antimicrobial activities. Thus, air pollution particles, which modulate airway macrophage host defenses may, in susceptible individuals, increase severity of inflammatory and infectious disease. In the present study, size fractionated, ultrafine (UF), fine (PM0.1-2.5), and coarse (PM2.5-10) particulate matter (PM) were collected from 2 urban sites in the Netherlands, and were compared for effects on human alveolar macrophages (AM). Inflammatory cytokine production, phagocytosis, and expression of phagocyte receptor CD11b were assessed in particle-exposed AM. Interleukin (IL)-6 Levels induced by PM2.5-10 (20411 pg/mL) were > 10-fold higher than induced bY PM0.1-2.5 (1781 pg/mL). Levels induced by PM0.1-2.5 were 2- to 3-fold higher than induced by UF (770pg/mL) when cells were exposed to the same particle mass. Cytokine induction by the PM was inhibited by antibody to CD14 and required the presence of serum for optimal stimulation, implying that bacterial products or endotoxin were stimulatary moieties in both coarse and fine particulate matter Phagocytosis of opsonized yeast was inhibited by coarse more than by fine PM, as was yeast-induced oxidative burst. Coarse particles decreased CD11b expression more than fine PM. The UF did not affect these functions. Taken together, these results suggest that PM recognition by human AM involves receptors evolved to recognize microbial cell structures, and that microbial products preferentially found in the coarse particle fraction of PM may be involved in inflammatory events and decreased pulmonary defenses associated with exposure to pollution particles. C1 US EPA, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Becker, S (reprint author), US EPA, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 49 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1080/01902140390116535 PG 16 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 630PK UT WOS:000180116900003 PM 12652814 ER PT J AU Lardinois, O de Montellano, PO AF Lardinois, O de Montellano, PO TI Autoreduction of the ferryl derivative of myoglobin: Specificity for tyrosine residues as 'sinks' for oxidizing equivalents generated at the heme iron SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Free Rad Metabolite Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 27 BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900045 ER PT J AU Lehmler, HJ Price, DJ Garrison, AW Birge, WJ Robertson, LW AF Lehmler, HJ Price, DJ Garrison, AW Birge, WJ Robertson, LW TI Distribution of PCB 84 enantiomers in C57BL/6 mice SO FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd PCB Workshop on Recent Advances in the Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects of PCBs CY MAY 07-11, 2002 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC DE polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB 84 atropisomers; C57B1/6 mice; distribution ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATROPISOMERS; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION AB Nineteen of the 209 possible PCB congeners exist as pairs of stable rotational isomers that are enantiomeric to each other. A racemic mixture of PCB atropisomers is present in technical PCB mixtures, thus raising concerns about enantioselective distribution, metabolism, and disposition of these congeners. We investigated the distribution and enantiomeric fractions (EF) of PCB 84 in untreated female C57B1/6 mice. PCB 84 was injected intraperitoneally with 600 mumol/kg body weight, and the EFs were determined by chiral gas chromatography in the liver, brain, lung, heart, spleen and kidney after three or six days. The EFs in brain, liver, lung and heart were significantly different from the racemic PCB 84 standard at days three and six, with an enrichment of (+)-PCB 84 in all four tissues. A significant enrichment of (+)-PCB 84 in the kidney was observed for day six. No significant difference was observed for the spleen on both time points. Tissue EFs for the brain showed the highest EF, whereas the EFs in the spleen were almost identical with the PCB 84 standard. The EFs did not change significantly between day three and six, suggesting that the differential distribution of (+)-PCB 84 may primarily occur during the initial distribution phase. C1 Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Sch Biol Sci, Lexington, KY USA. US EPA, Natl Exporure Res, Athens, GA USA. RP Lehmler, HJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, 100 Oakdale Campus,124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Lehmler, Hans-Joachim/0000-0001-9163-927X NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P) PI FREISING PA ANGERSTR. 12, 85354 FREISING, GERMANY SN 1018-4619 J9 FRESEN ENVIRON BULL JI Fresenius Environ. Bull. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 254 EP 260 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680WK UT WOS:000183002300027 ER PT S AU Blanco, A Roper, WE Gomez, R AF Blanco, A Roper, WE Gomez, R BE Fuast, NL Roper, WE TI Surface water quality assessment using hyperspectral imagery SO GEO-SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; water quality monitoring; chlorophyll; total suspended solids; dissolved organic carbon; AVIRIS; Sakonnet River AB Hyperspectral imagining has been recently been used to obtain several water quality parameters in water bodies either inland or in oceans. Optical and thermal have proven that spatial and temporal information needed to track and understand trend changes for these water quality parameters will result in developing better management practices for improving water quality of water bodies. This paper will review water quality parameters Chlorophyll (Chl), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) obtained for the Sakonnet River in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island using the AVIRIS Sensor. The AVIRIS Sensor should improve the assessment and the definition of locations and pollutant concentrations of point and non-point sources. It will provide for necessary monitoring data to follow the clean up efforts and locate the necessary water and wastewater infrastructure to eliminate these point and non-point sources. This hyperspectral application would enhance the evaluation by both point and non-point sources, improve upon and partially replace expenses, labor intensive field sampling, and allow for economical sampling and mapping of large geographical areas. C1 George Washington Univ, US EPA, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Blanco, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, US EPA, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4957-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5097 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.502418 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48K UT WOS:000185395500019 ER PT S AU Blanco, A Hunt, R Gomez, R Roper, W AF Blanco, A Hunt, R Gomez, R Roper, W BE Fuast, NL Roper, WE TI A case study of precision farming for nutrient management of corn. SO GEO-SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE precision agriculture; precision farming; hyperspectral; remote sensing; and nutrient management AB Precision farming relies on the cost effectiveness of collecting and interpreting data, which describes the variations of agricultural conditions such as crop stresses, nutrient deficiencies, water stresses, or pest infestation. Hyperspectral remote sensing from satellites and airborne sensors can be a way to obtain data needed to develop site-specific farming management strategies. The primary objective of the hyperspectral applications in precision farming is to provide farmers with a technology, which can detect specific crop conditions that can be used to program variable-rate applications. Applications of water, pesticides, and fertilizer can be tailored to the needs of the agricultural crops, based on the conditions reflected on the imagery. This paper presents an experimental study performed in Beltsville, Maryland for assesing the plant density and nutrient uptake of corn using a simple photographic method from a model airplane versus obtaining hyperspectral imagery from an airborne sensor. The hyperspectral sensor utilized in this study was the AISA sensor. These remote sensors can measure the temperature of plants; or to be more specific, they can measure how much energy plants emit at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths of the spectrum, such as water and vegetation. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Blanco, A (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4957-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5097 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.502453 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48K UT WOS:000185395500020 ER PT B AU Bartos, SC Burton, CS AF Bartos, SC Burton, CS BE Gale, J Kaya, Y TI Direct global warming emissions from flat panel display manufacturing and reduction opportunities SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has worked with the semiconductor industry to reduce perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) emissions since 1995. Semiconductor manufacturers commonly use several PFCs such as CF4, C2F6, SF6, and NF3 to create, on silicon wafers, the intricately patterned layers of insulating and conducting materials. These gases are the strongest and most persistent greenhouse gases currently known contributing to global warming for many generations. Flat panel display (FPD) fabrication is a rapidly growing electronic sector that also uses and emits PFCs in processes similar to those used in semiconductor manufacturing. EPA is evaluating PFC use and emissions from FPD fabrication processes and seeking to develop emission reduction technologies and transfer successful gas management strategies from semiconductor manufacturers. Of the many FPD technologies, it appears only Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCDs), also called Thin Film Transistor (TFT) LCDs, use PFCs. TFT LCD production is expected to grow at greater than 20% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2010. This paper investigates PFC emissions from this rapidly growing sector and explores public/private partnership opportunities that may expedite emission reduction efforts. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bartos, SC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6202J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044276-5 PY 2003 BP 1263 EP 1268 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX41P UT WOS:000185208000199 ER PT B AU Faulkner, BR AF Faulkner, BR BE Mishra, S TI Confronting the modifiable areal unit problem for inference on nitrate in regional shallow ground water SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY MODELING AND MANAGEMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Probabilistic Approaches and Groundwater Modeling held at the 2003 EWRI World Congress CY JUN 23-25, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst AB This work addresses a potentially serious problem in synthesis of spatially explicit data on ground water quality from wells, known to geographers as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Investigators are faced with choosing a level of aggregation appropriate to answer questions at some appropriate representative scale, and resulting inferences are dependent on the choice made. This paper presents a proposed solution to the MAUP for regional ground water data interpretation. The approach uses Bayesian inference, and a Bayes likelihood with the Akaike information criterion for optimal mapping. An example is presented by evaluating risk of loading of nitrate to shallow ground water for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) data from rural wells in Maryland. The method facilitates informative and parsimonious reporting of risk at a scale useful to planners, and can also be used to identify areas of data deficiency. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Faulkner, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0696-0 PY 2003 BP 248 EP 259 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BAH23 UT WOS:000222207900023 ER PT B AU Wilmoth, R McCloskey, AL Jordan, DM AF Wilmoth, R McCloskey, AL Jordan, DM BE Young, C Alfantazi, A Anderson, C James, A Dreisinger, D Harris, B TI Prevention of acid mine drainage from open pit highwalls SO HYDROMETALLURGY 2003 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: LEARNING AND SOLUTION PURIFICATION - VOL 2: ELECTROMETALLURGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy in honor of Ian M Ritchie CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP MetSoc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr AB Exposed, open pit mine highwalls contribute significantly to the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) thus causing environmental concerns upon closure of an operating mine. Four innovative technologies were evaluated under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's, Mine Waste Technology (MWTP), Prevention of AMD Generation from Open-Pit Highwalls Demonstration Project. This project is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and jointly administered by the EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through an Interagency Agreement. The objective of the field demonstration was to evaluate the technologies ability to decrease or eliminate acid generation from treated areas of the highwall in comparison an untreated highwall area. The field demonstration was performed at the Golden Sunlight Mine (GSM) a subsidiary of Placer Dome U.S., located near Whitehall, Montana. GSM is an operating gold mine. The highwall at GSM was divided into five plots measuring 15.24 by 15.24 metres (m) and each technology was assigned a plot with the fifth plot being used for comparison as a background control plot. The four technologies were spray-applied. The applied insitu treatment technologies included: 1) A modified, furfuryl alcohol resin sealant, utilizing wood and agricultural by-products to coat the rock surface. 2) Ecobond(TM) ARD, a phosphate based process that forms a stable, insoluble compound, coating the rock surface. 3) Two ARD passivation technologies, magnesium oxide and the Dupont technology developed to create an inert layer/coating on the pyrite, preventing oxidation. The technologies were evaluated using the following methods: 1) ASTM D 5744-96, Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials using a Modified Humidity Cells, 2) mine wall residual wall rinse sampling, 3) microscopy, and 4) core drilling followed by water injection testing. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wilmoth, R (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA BN 0-87339-554-9 PY 2003 BP 1861 EP 1871 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX66N UT WOS:000186055300140 ER PT S AU Thomas, MJ AF Thomas, MJ BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Rationale and methodology for generating an airborne emergency response spectral reference library SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; airborne; emergency response; first responder; spectral library AB The US Environmental Protection Agency is currently operating an airborne hyperspectral remote infrared spectrometer for the purpose of providing near real-time chemical data to first responders and other response agencies. This system has been designed to fulfill Agency data collection requirements for both traditional chemical emergency response and counter - terrorism activities. The platform consists of a high speed long-wave and mid-wave spectrometer and a multi-spectral infrared line scanner integrated into a mid-sized twin-engine aircraft. Through the use of onboard data processing and short haul data links, chemical information can be relayed to the end user in about ten minutes. An important component of this system is the development of the spectral reference library used to query the incoming data stream. A balance must be reached in providing a library set that is robust enough to provide useful information for the majority of accidents without the overhead of voluminous amounts of rarely used spectral library data. The end goal of the program is to generate a library set which permits a reasonable number of compounds to be automatically processed as data is streamed through the system. This paper will describe the selection technique used to develop the critical list of compounds contained in the library. This paper will likewise describe how this library is integrated into the overall system and the type of data processing and products that are produced. C1 US EPA, MJT, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Thomas, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, MJT, Reg 7, Kansas City, KS USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.509824 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500023 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, RP Asgharian, B Freijer, JI Miller, FJ Anjilvel, S AF Subramaniam, RP Asgharian, B Freijer, JI Miller, FJ Anjilvel, S TI Analysis of lobar differences in particle deposition in the human lung SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; AIRWAYS; SIZE AB Lung diseases caused by the inhalation of various particulate pollutants have often been reported to occur at specific sites in the lung with some diseases preferentially occurring in one of the lobes. Models for the dosimetry of particulate matter in the lung, therefore, need to be developed at a level of resolution that allows for the study of lobar- and airway-specific patterns of deposition. Using an approach best described as a combination of asymmetric and symmetric approaches to modeling lung geometry, we calculated deposition of particulate matter (PM) ranging from ultrafine to coarse particles in each airway down to the level of the lobar bronchi. Further down the airway tree, we calculated deposition averaged over an airway generation in each lung lobe. We compared our results for regional and lobar deposition with various experimental data as well as with results from other models. The calculated results compared reasonably well with experimental data. Significant variations in deposition were observed among the lobar bronchi as well as among the five lobes. The differences among the lobes were accentuated as one examined generation-specific deposition. Deposition per unit surface area of each lobar bronchus was considerably elevated relative to that calculated for the whole lung. The relative distribution of aerosol deposited per unit surface area among the lobar bronchi was altered by breathing condition and aerosol size. Our observations suggest that a multiple-path model that incorporates the heterogeneous structure of airways in the lung is likely to reduce uncertainties in PM health risk assessments. C1 CIIT, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Subramaniam, RP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1080/08958370390168111 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 627CR UT WOS:000179911900001 PM 12476357 ER PT J AU Irwin, JS AF Irwin, JS TI Application of ASTM D6589 to evaluate dispersion model performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes CY OCT 14-17, 2002 CL Sofia, BULGARIA DE air dispersion modelling; statistical evaluation; model performance AB During the development phase of an air quality dispersion model and in subsequent upgrades, model performance is constantly evaluated. These evaluations generally compare simulation results using simple methods that do not account for the fact that models only predict a portion of the variability seen in the observations. To fill a part of this void, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a standard that has been adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), designation D6589 Standard Guide for the Statistical Evaluation of Atmospheric Dispersion Model Performance. Within the annex to this standard is an 'example' test method that tests the ability of dispersion models to simulate the average centreline concentration. The method involves grouping observed data into groups or regimes, in which the dispersion is expected to be somewhat similar. The average centreline concentration is then derived for each group using bootstrap resampling. It is this average centreline concentration that is then compared with the modelling results. By this means, the focus is on testing the ability of models to replicate the first moment (the average) of the centreline concentration distribution, which for most operational models is the only feature in the centreline concentration distribution they are capable of simulating. This paper will focus on recent work to further test the ASTM 'example' test method. This work involved the application of the test method to the results from ADMS (version 3.1), AERMOD (versions 98022 and 02161), HPDM (version 4.3, level 920605) and ISCST3 (version 00101). Three atmospheric dispersion field studies are analysed - Prairie Grass (in 1956, rural, low level release), Kincaid (1980, rural, elevated release) and Indianapolis (1985, urban, elevated release). C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Cambridge Environm Res Consultants, Cambridge CB2 1SJ, England. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Irwin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Mail Code D243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM john.irwin@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1-6 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 819QP UT WOS:000221330000002 ER PT S AU Varma, RS AF Varma, RS BE Rodgers, RD Seddon, KR TI Expeditious synthesis of ionic liquids using ultrasound and microwave irradiation SO IONIC LIQUIDS AS GREEN SOLVENTS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents held at the 224th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CATALYSIS; WATER AB Environmentally friendlier preparations of ionic liquids have been developed that proceed expeditiously under the influence of microwave (MW) or ultrasound irradiation conditions using neat reactants, alkylimidazoles and alkyl halides. A number of useful ionic liquids have been prepared and the efficiency of this solvent-free approach has been extended to the preparation of other ionic salts bearing tetrafluoroborate anions that involves exposing N, N'-dialkylimidazolium chloride and ammonium tetrafluoroborate salt to MW irradiation. These novel solventless alternatives circumvent the common drawbacks in widely used preparative methods for ionic liquids that employ volatile organic solvents and relatively much longer reaction time. The utilization of these novel synthetic methods for ionic liquids generation may facilitate truly 'greener' applications of ionic liquids. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3856-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 856 BP 82 EP 92 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX54Z UT WOS:000185657400007 ER PT J AU Speer, RE Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE AF Speer, RE Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE TI Impact of organic compounds on the concentrations of liquid water in ambient PM2.5 SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; liquid water; ambient particulate matter; organic carbon; deliquescence; efflorescence ID GRAND-CANYON; AEROSOL; PARTICLES; MIXTURES; GROWTH AB A field, study was, undertaken during the summer of 2000,to assess the impact of the presence of organic compounds, on the liquid water concentrations of PM2.5 samples. The selected site, located in Research Triangle Park,North Carolina, was in a semi-rural environment with expected impacts from both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. Eight samples, collected on Teflon. filters over 48-h periods, were analyzed for their liquid water concentrations by using a beta gauge to measure the change in PM2.5 mass on the filter as a function of relative humidity in a humidity-controlled environmental chamber. The filter samples were also analyzed for mass, elemental and organic carbon, and anionic concentrations. For six of the eight samples, the measured liquid water concentrations exceeded those predicted from. the presence of the inorganic constituents. A relationship between the excess liquid water and the measured organic carbon mass was found, although the standard deviations associated with the measurements were large. Through modeling studies it was determined that, on average, about 80% of the liquid water in the PM2.5 could be accounted for by inorganic ions present, with the remaining 20% associated with organic compounds. The liquid water data were consistent with the presence of aqueous, solutions supersaturated with respect to the inorganic ions in the. aerosol. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Atmospher Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Atmospher Chem Grp, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00152-0 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00152-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638VG UT WOS:000180592400004 ER PT J AU Hayes, SL Rice, EW Ware, MW Schaefer, FW AF Hayes, SL Rice, EW Ware, MW Schaefer, FW TI Low pressure ultraviolet studies for inactivation of Giardia muris cysts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Giardia muris; low pressure; ultraviolet inactivation ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; UV; CHLORINE; RADIATION; LAMBLIA; OZONE AB Aims : The research was initiated to confirm earlier ultraviolet (u.v.) light inactivation studies performed on Giardia cysts using excystation as the viability indicator. Following this, a comparison of in vitro excystation and animal infectivity was performed for assessing cyst viability after exposure to low-pressure u.v. irradiation. Methods and Results : Cysts of Giardia muris were inactivated using a low-pressure u.v. light source. Giardia muris was employed as a surrogate for the human pathogen Giardia lamblia . Cyst viability was determined by both in vitro excystation and animal infectivity. Cyst doses were counted using a flow cytometer for the animal infectivity experiments. Using in vitro excystation as the viability indicator, fluences as high as approximately 200 mJ cm(-2) did not prevent some cysts from excysting, thus verifying earlier work. Using animal infectivity, u.v. fluences of 1.4, 1.9 and 2.3 mJ cm(-2) yielded log(10) reductions ranging from 0.3 to greater than or equal to 4.4. Conclusions : Results indicate that in vitro excystation is not a reliable indicator of G . muris cyst viability after u.v. disinfection. Very low doses of u.v. light rendered G. muris cysts non-infective in the mouse model employed. Significance and Impact of the Study : Data presented represent the only complete u.v. inactivation curve for G. muris. This research provides evidence that u.v. can be an effective barrier against Giardia spp. in the treatment of drinking water supplies. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hayes, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01805.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 627QR UT WOS:000179946000006 PM 12492923 ER PT J AU Meckes, MC MacDonald, JA AF Meckes, MC MacDonald, JA TI Evaluation of a DNA probe test kit for detection of Salmonellae in biosolids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids; DNA; DNA hybridization; methods; molecular probes; Salmonella; sludge AB Aims: Current US regulations (40 CFR 503) for 'Class A' biosolids (treated sewage sludge) requires use of multiple-tube fermentation techniques for fecal coliform or multiple tube enrichment techniques for Salmonella spp. followed by isolation and biochemical and serologic confirmation. The technical difficulties and the time required to complete the procedure for enumeration of Salmonellae in biosolids and sludges has limited the use of this assay. This study was conducted to determine if a commercially available molecular probe system could be used to isolate and enumerate Salmonella spp. in biosolids or sludges in less time than cultural techniques with biochemical confirmation. Methods and Results: Several types of treated and untreated municipal sludges were assayed for Salmonellae using a cultural technique with biochemical and serologic confirmation and a DNA probe diagnostic test kit. The results indicate that the molecular probe and the conventional fermentation tube technique yielded equivalent results. Interestingly, the probe technique yielded results within 52 h following initiation of sample analysis compared with the conventional fermentation tube technique with confirmation which required approx. 120 h. Conclusions: These results suggest that the molecular probe system used for this work may be used to determine the presence or absence of Salmonella spp. in biosolids within a relatively short time frame. Significance and Impact of the Study: The ease of using the DNA probe test kit, along with its ability to produce results in less than half the time of conventional culture techniques, suggests that this assay is useful for determining the presence or absence of Salmonellae in biosolids samples. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage Dist, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Meckes, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 3 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01841.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 645HE UT WOS:000180969500005 PM 12588546 ER PT J AU Kawanishi, CY Hartig, P Bobseine, KL Schmid, J Cardon, M Massenburg, G Chernoff, N AF Kawanishi, CY Hartig, P Bobseine, KL Schmid, J Cardon, M Massenburg, G Chernoff, N TI Axial skeletal and hox expression domain alterations induced by retinoic acid, valproic acid, and bromoxynil during murine development SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retinoic acid; valproic acid; bromoxynil; mouse; supernumerary ribs; axial skeleton; vertebrae; Hoxa7; Hoxa10 ID ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR AXIS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; SUPERNUMERARY RIBS; MATERNAL TOXICITY; RESPONSE ELEMENT; MOUSE; MICE AB Retinoic acid (RA) alters the developmental fate of the axial skeletal anlagen. "Anteriorizations" or "posteriorizations," the assumption of characteristics of embryonic areas normally anterior or posterior to the affected tissues, are correlated with altered embryonal expression domains of Hox genes after in utero RA treatment. These "homeotic" changes have been hypothesized to result from alterations of a "Hox code" which imparts positional identity in the axial skeleton. To investigate whether such developmental alterations were specific to RA, or. were a more general response to xenobiotic exposure, CD-1 pregnant mice were exposed to RA, valproic acid (VA), or bromoxynil (Br) during organogenesis. Additionally, the expression domains of two Hox genes, Hoxa7 and Hoxa10, were examined in gestation day (GD) 12.5 embryos obtained from control, RA, VA, or Br treated gravid dams exposed on GD 6, 7, or 8. The anterior expression boundary of Hoxa7 is at the level of the C7/T1 vertebrae and that of Hoxa10 is at L6/S1. Compound-induced changes in the incidence of skeletal variants were observed. These included supernumerary cervical ribs (CSNR) lateral to C7,8 vertebrosternal ribs, supernumerary lumbar ribs (LSNR) lateral to L1, extra presacral vertebrae, and the induction of, vertebral and/or rib malformations. RA and VA administration on GD 6 caused posteriorization in the cervico-thoracic region (CSNR) while GD 8 exposure to any of the three compounds resulted in anteriorizations in the thoraco-lumbar area (LSNR and an increase in the number of presacral vertebrae). These effects occurred across regions of the axial skeleton. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated changes in the Anterior boundaries of Hoxa7 expression domains in embryos treated on GD 6 and 8 with RA. VA and Br did not induce any statistically significant alterations in Hoxa7 and none of the compounds caused alterations in Hoxa10 expression domains. The studies indicate that RA GD 6: treatment-induced Hoxa7 shifts were rostral (posteriorization) while the RA-induced GD 8 anterior expression boundary shift was caudal (anteriorization), correlating with the axial skeletal changes noted. These data suggest that xenobiotic compounds such as VA and Br may induce similar axial skeletal changes by affecting different components of the developmental processes involved in the, patterning of the axial skeleton. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1002/jbt.10098 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 758UJ UT WOS:000187668500006 PM 14708090 ER PT J AU Jeong, SW Corapcioglu, MY AF Jeong, SW Corapcioglu, MY TI A micromodel analysis of factors influencing NAPL removal by surfactant foam flooding SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE micromodels; nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL); surfactant foam; NAPL displacement; capillary number ID POROUS-MEDIA; SATURATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; OIL AB A methodology to study the trichloroethylene (TCE) and dodecane removal in porous media by surfactant foams (SF) was presented by using etched-glass micromodels. The purpose of this work was to systematically evaluate the impact of various physicochemical factors such as gas fraction (GF), surfactant concentration, pore structure and nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) types on NAPL removal during SF flooding. The TCE displacement by SF was dependent on the gas fraction of SF. Low GFs (50% and 66%) were more efficient for TCE removal and sweep efficiencies than a high GF (85%). An increase in TCE removal was observed with increasing surfactant concentration at a fixed GF. TCE removal by SF flooding appeared to be dependent more to the value of Capillary number rather than to the concentration of surfactant solution. The effect of the pore heterogeneity was evaluated by employing two different types of micromodels. The Capillary number is an important parameter in the determination of sweep efficiency or gas saturation of SF in a nonhomogeneous porous medium. However, the TCE removal from a nonhomogeneous porous medium may not be associated with sweep efficiency. The initial configuration of residual TCE blobs in a nonhomogeneous porous medium would also be influential in displacing TCE. Sweep efficiencies and pressure responses of two NAPL systems (TCE and dodecane) were monitored to evaluate foam stability when the foam contacts the NAPLs. Stable foam contacting with TCE is implied, while it appears that dodecane cause the SF to collapse. All results indicate that the Capillary number (a ratio of viscous forces to capillary forces) is the most important parameter for TCE removal by SF flooding. Micromodel visualizations of water, surfactant and SF floods were showed and also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm & Water Resources Engn Div, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jeong, SW (reprint author), US EPA, NRC Res Associateship Program, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 96 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00054-2 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00054-2 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 621LD UT WOS:000179589400004 PM 12498575 ER PT J AU Sappington, K Fairbrother, A Wentsel, R Wood, W AF Sappington, K Fairbrother, A Wentsel, R Wood, W TI Development of a framework for metals risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ACUTE TOXICITY; INVERSE RELATIONSHIP; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ACCUMULATION; CADMIUM; BIOMAGNIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; LEAD C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sappington, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 123N EP 132N PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 749EX UT WOS:000186907100027 PM 14710920 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET Brown, SK AF Urbansky, ET Brown, SK TI Perchlorate retention and mobility in soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY ESI-MS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORIDE; NITRATE; PLANTS; CHARGE; QUANTITATION; FERTILIZERS; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE AB Adsorption and release of perchlorate in a variety of soils, minerals, and other media were studied when the solid media were exposed to low and high aqueous solutions of perchlorate salts. Low level ClO4- exposure was investigated by subjecting triplicate 5.0 g portions of a solid medium ( 38 different soils, minerals, or dusts) to 25 mL of an aqueous ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) solution containing 670 ng mL(-1) (6.8 muM) perchlorate. This corresponds to a perchlorate-to-soil ratio of 3.4 mug g(-1) (34 nmol g(-1)). At this level of exposure, more than 90% of the perchlorate was recovered in the aqueous phase, as determined by ion chromatography. In some cases, more than 99% of the perchlorate remained in the aqueous phase. In some cases, the apparent loss of aqueous perchlorate was not clearly distinguishable from the variation due to experimental error. The forced perchlorate anion exchange capacities (PAECs) were studied by soaking triplicate 5.0 g portions of the solid media in 250 mL of 0.20 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) followed by repeated deionized water rinses ( overnight soaks with mixing) until perchlorate concentrations fell below 20 ng mL 21 in the rinse solutions. The dried residua were leached with 15.0 mL of 0.10 M sodium hydroxide. The leachates were analyzed by ion chromatography and the perchlorate concentrations thus found were subsequently used to calculate the PAECs. The measurable PAECs of the insoluble and settleable residua ranged from 4 to 150 nmol g(-1) (mumol kg(-1)), with most in the 20-50 nmol g(-1) range. In some soils or minerals, no sorption was detectable. The mineral bentonite was problematic, however. Overall, the findings support the widely accepted idea that perchlorate does not appreciably sorb to soils and that its mobility and fate are largely influenced by hydrologic and biologic factors. They also generally support the idea that intrasoil perchlorate content is depositional rather than sorptive. On the other hand, sorption ( anion replacement) of perchlorate appears to occur in some soils. Therefore, the measurement of perchlorate in soils requires accounting for ion exchange phenomena; leaching with water alone may give inaccurate results. If perchlorate anion exchange is confirmed to be negligible, then leaching procedures may be simplified accordingly. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Urbansky, ET (reprint author), Naval Air Stn, Joint Oil Anal Program Tech Support Ctr, 85 Millington Ave, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1039/b301125a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682KW UT WOS:000183091600017 PM 12894753 ER PT J AU Sundberg, SE Ellington, JJ Evans, JJ Keys, DA Fisher, JW AF Sundberg, SE Ellington, JJ Evans, JJ Keys, DA Fisher, JW TI Accumulation of perchlorate in tobacco plants: development of a plant kinetic model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; ION AB Previous studies have shown that tobacco plants are tolerant of perchlorate and will accumulate perchlorate in plant tissues. This research determined the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of perchlorate in tobacco plants. Three hydroponics growth studies were completed under greenhouse conditions. Depletion of perchlorate in the hydroponics nutrient solution and accumulation of perchlorate in plant tissues were determined at two-day intervals using ion chromatography. Perchlorate primarily accumulated in tobacco leaves, yielding a substantial storage capacity for perchlorate. Mass balance results show that perchlorate degradation was negligible in plants. Tobacco plants were shown to effectively accumulate perchlorate over a wide range of initial concentrations ( 10 ppb to 100 ppm) from the hydroponics solution. Results suggest that tobacco plants are potential plants for the phytoremediation of perchlorate. A mathematical model was developed to describe the distribution of perchlorate in tobacco plants under rapid growth conditions. The Plant Kinetic (PK) model defined a plant as a set of compartments, described by mass balance differential equations and plant-specific physiological parameters. Data obtained from a separate hydroponics growth study with multiple solution perchlorate concentrations were used to validate predicted root, stem, and leaf concentrations. There was good agreement between model predictions and measured concentrations in the plant. The model, once adequately validated, can be applied to other terrestrial plants and inorganic chemicals currently used for both phytoremediation and ecological risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ellington, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1039/b300570d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682KW UT WOS:000183091600024 PM 12833996 ER PT J AU Smieja, JA Wilkin, RT AF Smieja, JA Wilkin, RT TI Preservation of sulfidic waters containing dissolved As(III) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; NATURAL-WATERS; GROUNDWATER; GEOCHEMISTRY; 90-DEGREES-C; ENVIRONMENT; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; OXIDATION; REDUCTION AB Solutions containing variable concentrations of sulfide (0 to 31 ppm) and arsenite (0.35 to 10 ppm) were subjected to several different preservation treatments. As predicted by equilibrium thermodynamics, at near-neutral pH the experimental solutions were undersaturated with respect to orpiment (As2S3). However, upon acidification to pH 2 with HCl or HNO3, instantaneous precipitation of poorly crystalline As2S3 occurred in sulfidic solutions which resulted in the loss of dissolved arsenite. These results have implications concerning the practice of acidifying water samples containing hydrogen sulfide with HCl or HNO3 for the purpose of preserving total arsenic values. If a near-neutral water sample contains 1 ppm arsenite and as little as 0.4 ppm sulfide, loss of dissolved arsenic will occur upon acidification. An alternative three-step preservation method involving base addition, oxidation, and acidification is proposed and investigated as an appropriate technique for preserving sulfide-bearing aqueous samples for total arsenic. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Gonzaga Univ, Dept Chem, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. RP Smieja, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 913 EP 916 DI 10.1039/b306567g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 749EX UT WOS:000186907100039 PM 14710932 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Griffith, SM Field, JA Baham, JE Horwath, WR Owen, J Davis, JH Rain, SC Steiner, JJ AF Wigington, PJ Griffith, SM Field, JA Baham, JE Horwath, WR Owen, J Davis, JH Rain, SC Steiner, JJ TI Nitrate removal effectiveness of a riparian buffer along a small agricultural stream in Western Oregon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; WETLANDS; RUNOFF; FOREST AB The Willamette Valley of Oregon has extensive areas of poorly drained, commercial grass seed lands. Little is know about the ability of riparian areas in these settings to reduce nitrate in water draining from grass seed fields. We established two study sites with similar soils and hydrology but contrasting riparian vegetation along an intermittent stream that drains perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) fields in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We installed a series of nested piezometers along three transects at each site to examine NO3-N in shallow ground water in grass seed fields and riparian areas. Results showed that a noncultivated riparian zone comprised of grasses and herbaceous vegetation significantly reduced NO3-N concentrations of shallow ground water moving from grass seed fields. Darcy's law-based estimates of shallow ground water flow through riparian zone A/E horizons revealed that this water flowpath could account for only a very small percentage of the streamflow. Even though there is great potential for NO3-N to be reduced as water moves through the noncultivated riparian zone with grass-herbaceous vegetation, the potential was not fully realized because only a small proportion of the stream flow interacts with riparian zone soils. Consequently, effective NO3-N water quality management in poorly drained landscapes similar to the study watershed is primarily dependent on implementation of sound agricultural practices within grass seed fields and is less influenced by riparian zone vegetation. Wise fertilizer application rates and timing are key management tools to reduce export of NO3-N in stream waters. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400019 PM 12549555 ER PT J AU Field, JA Reed, RL Sawyer, TE Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ AF Field, JA Reed, RL Sawyer, TE Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ TI Diuron occurrence and distribution in soil and surface and ground water associated with grass seed production SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; SORPTION; SIMAZINE AB Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea] in soil, ground water, and surface water in areas affected by grass-seed production. A field study was designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of diuron and its transformation products at a poorly drained field site located along an intermittent tributary of Lake Creek in the southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. The experimental sites consisted of a field under commercial grass seed production with a cultivated riparian zone and a second site that was part of the same grass seed field but with a noncultivated riparian zone. Diuron and its transformation product DCPMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylmeal were the only significant residues detected in this study. Concentrations of diuron in surface water declined from a maximum of 28 mug/L immediately following application to low levels that persisted as long as flow was present. Diuron and DCPMU concentrations in shallow ground water (15-36 cm below ground surface) were highest (2-13 mug/L) in the zone immediately adjacent (0.5 m) to Lake Creek and indicated the influence of stream water on shallow ground water near the stream. Diuron and DCPMU detected in soil prior to the second season's application indicated the persistence of diuron and DCPMU from the previous year's application. Surface runoff during the rainy season removes only a very small percentage (<1%) of the applied herbicide. In addition, no evidence was obtained for the downward transport of diuron or its transformation products to deep ground water. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400020 PM 12549556 ER PT J AU Burke, RA Molina, M Cox, JE Osher, LJ Piccolo, MC AF Burke, RA Molina, M Cox, JE Osher, LJ Piccolo, MC TI Stable carbon isotope ratio and composition of microbial fatty acids in tropical soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; GC-MS; BIOMASS; FOREST; FRACTIONATION; DIVERSITY; PROFILES; PATTERNS AB The soil microbial community plays a critical part in tropical ecosystem functioning through its role in the soil organic matter (SOM) cycle. This study evaluates the relative effects of soil type and land use on (i) soil microbial community structure and (ii) the contribution of SOM derived from the original forest vegetation to the functioning of pasture and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) ecosystems. We used principal components analysis (PCA) of soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles to evaluate microbial community structure and PLFA stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) as indicators of the delta(13)C of microbial substrates. Soil type mainly determined the relative proportions of Gram positive versus Gram negative bacteria whereas land use primarily determined the relative proportion of fungi, protozoa, and actinomycetes versus other types of microorganisms. Comparison of a simple model to our PLFA VC data from land use chronosequences indicates that forest-derived SOM is actively cycled for appreciably longer times in sugarcane ecosystems developed on Andisols (mean turnover time = 50 yr) than in sugarcane ecosystems developed on an Oxisol (mean turnonver time = 13 yr). Our analyses indicate that soil chronosequence PLFA delta(13)C measurements can be useful indicators of the contribution that SOM derived from the original vegetation makes to continued ecosystem function under the new land use. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USP, CENA, Lab Biogeoquim Ambiental, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Burke, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI piccolo, marisa /D-6149-2012 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400023 PM 12549559 ER PT J AU Gerba, CP Riley, KR Nwachuku, N Ryu, H Abbaszadegan, M AF Gerba, CP Riley, KR Nwachuku, N Ryu, H Abbaszadegan, M TI Removal of Encephalitozoon intestinalis, calicivirus, and coliphages by conventional drinking water treatment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Encephalitozoon intestinalis; microsporidia; calicivirus; PRD-1; Fr; MS-2; conventional water treatment; filtration; flocculation ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; MICROSPORIDIOSIS AB The removal of the Microsporidia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, feline calicivirus and coliphages MS-2, PRD-1, and Fr were evaluated during conventional drinking water treatment in a pilot plant. The treatment consisted of coagulation, sedimentation, and mixed media filtration. Fr coliphage was removed the most (3.21 log), followed by feline calicivirus (3.05 log), E. coli (2.67 log), E. intestinalis (2.47 log), MS-2 (2.51 log), and PRD-1 (1.85 log). With the exception of PRD-1 the greatest removal of the viruses occurred during the flocculation step of the water treatment process. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 1117 E Lowell St,Bldg 90,Room 217, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1259 EP 1268 DI 10.1081/ESE-120021124 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706MT UT WOS:000184458000006 PM 12916850 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Rice, EW AF Sivaganesan, M Rice, EW TI Estimation of Giardia Ct values at high pH for the surface water treatment rule SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE confidence bound; chlorine; Ct; Giardia; inactivation ID CHLORINE; INACTIVATION; LAMBLIA AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency currently recommends Ct (disinfectant concentration multiplied by the exposure time) values to achieve required levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts by different disinfectants including free chlorine. Current guidance covers inactivation levels in the pH range between. 6 and 9. Subsequent to the publication of these criteria, studies on the inactivation kinetics of Giardia cysts by chlorine have been performed at pH levels greater than 9. It has been, shown that the chlorine inactivation process for Giardia cysts is pH dependent. The objective of this paper is to extend the current Ct values for higher pH levels. The Chick-Watson first order kinetics model was used to develop Ct values for pH levels from 6 to 11.5. A formula is provided to calculate a 100(1 - alpha)% upper confidence bound for these values. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Microbial Contaminants Control Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1959 EP 1970 DI 10.1081/ESE-120022892 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711KN UT WOS:000184739700021 PM 12940495 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Mitchell, SM Cole, RA Flick, GJ Wetch, CN Lindquist, A Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Mitchell, SM Cole, RA Flick, GJ Wetch, CN Lindquist, A Dubey, JP TI Sporulation and survival of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seawater SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; DOLPHIN; INFECTION; CATS; SEAL AB We have been collaborating since 1992 in studies on southern sea otters (Enhdyra lutris nereis) as part of a program to define factors, which may be responsible for limiting the growth of the southern sea otter population. We previously demonstrated Toxoplasma gondii in sea otters. We postulated that cat feces containing oocysts could be entering the marine environment through storm run-off or through municipal sewage since cat feces are often disposed down toilets by cat owners. The present study examined the sporulation of T gondii oocysts in seawater and the survival of sporulated oocysts in seawater. Unsporulated oocysts were placed in 15 ppt artificial seawater, 32 ppt artificial seawater or 2% sulfuric acid (positive control) at 24 C in an incubator. Samples were examined daily for 3 days and development monitored by counting 100 oocysts from each sample. From 75 to 80% of the oocysts were sporulated by 3 days post-inoculation under all treatment conditions. Groups of 2 mice were fed 10,000 oocysts each from each of the 3 treatment groups. All inoculated mice developed toxoplasmosis indicating that oocysts were capable of sporulating in seawater. Survival of sporulated oocysts was examined by placing sporulated T gondii oocysts in 15 ppt seawater at room temperature 22-24 C (RT) or in a refrigerator kept at 4 C. Mice fed oocysts that had been stored at 4C or RT for 6 months became infected. These results indicate that T gondii oocysts can sporulate and remain viable in seawater for several months. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. US Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 687 EP 688 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00688.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400079 PM 14736220 ER PT J AU Khoury, GA Diamond, GL AF Khoury, GA Diamond, GL TI Risks to children from exposure to lead in air during remedial or removal activities at Superfund sites: A case study of the RSR lead smelter Superfund site SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; inhalation; lead; risk; smelter; Superfund ID PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED MODELS; UPTAKE BIOKINETIC MODEL; BONE-SEEKING ELEMENTS; EMPIRICAL COMPARISONS; DISPOSITION; HUMANS AB Superfund sites that are contaminated with lead and undergoing remedial action generate lead - enriched dust that can be released into the air. Activities that can emit lead - enriched dust include demolition of lead smelter buildings, stacks, and baghouses; on - site traffic of heavy construction vehicles; and excavation of soil. Typically, air monitoring stations are placed around the perimeter of a site of an ongoing remediation to monitor air lead concentrations that might result from site emissions. The National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard, established in 1978 to be a quarterly average of 1.5 mug/m(3), is often used as a trigger level for corrective action to reduce emissions. This study explored modeling approaches for assessing potential risks to children from air lead emissions from the RSR Superfund site in West Dallas, TX, during demolition and removal of a smelter facility. The EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model and the International Commission of Radiologic Protection (ICRP) lead model were used to simulate blood lead concentrations in children, based on monitored air lead concentrations. Although air lead concentrations at monitoring stations located in the downwind community intermittently exceeded the NAAQ standard, both models indicated that exposures to children in the community areas did not pose a significant long - term or acute risk. Long - term risk was defined as greater than 5% probability of a child having a long-term blood lead concentration that exceeded 10 mug/dl, which is the CDC and the EPA blood lead concern level. Short - term or acute risk was defined as greater than 5% probability of a child having a blood lead concentration on any given day that exceeded 20 mug/dl, which is the CDC trigger level for medical evaluation (this is not intended to imply that 20 mug/dl is a threshold for health effects in children exposed acutely to airborne lead). The estimated potential long - term and short - term exposures at the downwind West Dallas community did not result in more than 5% of children exceeding the target blood lead levels. The models were also used to estimate air lead levels for short - term and long - term exposures that would not exceed specified levels of risk (risk - based concentrations, RBCs). RBCs; were derived for various daily exposure durations (3 or 8 h/ day) and frequencies (1 - 7 days / week). RBCs based on the ICRP model ranged from 0.3 (7 days / week, 8 h / day) to 4.4 mug/m(3) (1 day / week, 3 h / day) for long - term exposures and were lower than those based on the IEUBK model. For short-term exposures, the RBCs ranged from 3.5 to 29.0 mug/m(3). Recontamination of remediated residential yards from deposition of air lead emitted during remedial activities at the RSR Superfund site was also examined. The predicted increase in soil concentration due to lead deposition at the monitoring station, which represented the community at large, was 3.0 mg/kg. This potential increase in soil lead concentration was insignificant, less than 1% increase, when compared to the clean-up level of 500 mg/kg developed for residential yards at the site. C1 US EPA, Reg 6, Superfund Branch, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. Stracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Khoury, GA (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 6, Superfund Branch, Mail Code 6SF-LT,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500254 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 648HN UT WOS:000181145200006 PM 12595884 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W AF Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W TI Ecorisk assessment using indicators of sustainability - Invasive species in the Caribbean National Forest of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE africanized bees; bamboo; Montreal Process ID BAMBOO AB Ecological risk assessment using indicators of sustainability offers a framework for the objective analysis of management decisions in complex landscapes. To demonstrate this approach, we examined risks to the Caribbean National Forest. Among the many stressors, invasive species (especially bamboo and Africanized bees) pose the largest potential risk to management goals. Although bamboo is spreading slowly, the risk of colonization is sufficient to require monitoring and research. Africanized bees, on the other hand, should be removed immediately from sensitive areas to increase the nesting success of the endemic but endangered Puerto Rican parrot. C1 USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, 3426 16th St NW,308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100007 ER PT J AU Yang, XA Peterson, DS Baumann, PC Lin, ELC AF Yang, XA Peterson, DS Baumann, PC Lin, ELC TI Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAH metabolites; fixed-wavelength fluorescence; brown bullhead; lesion; barbel abnormality; Lake Erie tributary ID BULLHEADS AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BROWN BULLHEAD; GREAT-LAKES; PUGET-SOUND; HEPATIC-LESIONS; BILE; WASHINGTON; SEDIMENTS AB Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have been studied since the mid 1980s as an indicator of exposure of fish to PAHs. However, the measurements of PAH metabolites are often costly and time-consuming. A simple and rapid method, fixed-wavelength fluorescence (FF), was used to measure the concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-type and naphthalene (NAPH)-type PAH metabolites in the bile of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from Old Woman Creek, Ottawa River, Cuyahoga River-harbor and Cuyahoga River-upstream. The biliary PAH metabolites in fish from the less contaminated Old Woman Creek were significantly lower than those from the industrially contaminated Ottawa and Cuyahoga rivers. The levels of biliary PAH metabolites were found to be related to the PAH sediment contamination for the four sites except Cuyahoga River-upstream, and to the prevalence of fish barbel abnormalities and external raised lesions observed in all rivers except Ottawa. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the occurrence of barbel abnormalities and concentrations of biliary NAPH-type metabolites and between the occurrence of raised lesions and concentrations of B[a]P-type metabolites. This study provides added evidence that FF is an effective bile analysis method for determining the exposure of fish to PAHs. This study also indicates that the measurement of PAH metabolites could help establish causal relationship between the chemical exposure and effects such as barbel abnormalities and raised lesions. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, XA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000011 ER PT J AU Cesen-Cummings, K Houston, KD Copland, JA Moorman, VJ Walker, CL Davis, BJ AF Cesen-Cummings, K Houston, KD Copland, JA Moorman, VJ Walker, CL Davis, BJ TI Uterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associated proteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signaling SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE uterus; myometrium; leiomyoma; parturition; oxytocin receptor ID OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; GAP-JUNCTIONS; RAT UTERUS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; CELL-LINES; PARTURITION; PROLIFERATION; LABOR; CONNEXIN-43 AB OBJECTIVE: We used an animal model to study uterine leiomyoma in the context of pregnancy-associated changes in gene expression and to determine how they might modulate tumor growth. METHODS: Spontaneous tumors and normal myometrium were collected from Eker rats and compared with myometrial samples from pregnant animals. A leiomyoma-derived cell line was also used to assess pregnancy-related changes in gene expression and to determine the impact of signaling by the oxytocin receptor. RESULTS: Eker rat leimyomas expressed several pregnancy-related genes, including connexin 43, oxytocin receptor (OTR), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1; however, the tumors did not express COX-2, which is expressed in the perturient, binds to oxytocin, and exhibits a calcium flux when stimulated with oxytocin. The OTR signaling mediated by oxytocin inhibited estrogen-stimulated growth of leimyoma cells. CONCLUSION: Leiomyoma cells expressed many genes of the parturient myometrium, including OTRs, but were deficient in COX-2 expression. Signaling via the OTR appears to inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation, suggesting that signaling by this receptor might help mediate the protective effect of pregnancy on this disease. Copyright (C) 2003 by the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Womens Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Davis, BJ (reprint author), POB 12233,Mail Drop A2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07784, ES 08263] NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 AR PII S1071-5576(02)00191-0 DI 10.1016/S1071-5576(02)00191-0 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 639LA UT WOS:000180629000003 PM 12517588 ER PT J AU Sample, DJ Heaney, JP Wright, LT Fan, CY Lai, FH Field, R AF Sample, DJ Heaney, JP Wright, LT Fan, CY Lai, FH Field, R TI Costs of best management practices and associated land for urban stormwater control SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE best management practice; stormwater management; costs; sewers; urban areas AB New methods are used to evaluate stormwater controls and best management practices (BMPs) within a land development context. Costs are developed using published literature and standard cost estimation guides. A method is developed in which costs are determined for each parcel within a development for specific land uses. The effect of including the opportunity cost of land in the analysis is evaluated. Costs attributable to stormwater controls are allocated among purposes. A method is developed in which stormwater control costs are assigned at the parcel level. Data gaps and research needs are then explored to address this complex problem. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Sample, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:1(59) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 628WF UT WOS:000180019000007 ER PT J AU Rustigian, HL Santelmann, MV Schumaker, NH AF Rustigian, HL Santelmann, MV Schumaker, NH TI Assessing the potential impacts of alternative landscape designs on amphibian population dynamics SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE agriculture; amphibians; future scenarios; Iowa; landscape change; population dynamics; spatially explicit population model ID TREEFROG HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; RANA-AURORA; FROG AB An individual-based, spatially explicit population model was used to predict the consequences of future land-use alternatives for populations of four amphibian species in two central Iowa (midwest USA) agricultural watersheds. The model included both breeding and upland habitat and incorporated effects of climatic variation and demographic stochasticity. Data requirements of the model include life history characteristics, dispersal behavior, habitat affinities, as well as land use and landcover in geographic information systems databases. Future scenarios were ranked according to change in breeder abundance, saturation, and distribution, compared to baseline conditions. Sensitivity of simulation results to changes in model parameters was also examined. Simulated results suggest that while all four species modeled are likely to persist under present and future scenario conditions, two may be more at risk from future landscape change. Although the study species are all widespread generalists regarded as having a low conservation priority, they depend on wetlands and ponds, increasingly endangered habitats in agricultural landscapes. Broader conservation strategies in the region would ensure that these currently common organisms do not become the endangered species of the future. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Rustigian, HL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hrustigian@montana.edu NR 101 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1023/A:1022936613275 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 659FW UT WOS:000181767500005 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Smith, JH Smith, ER Jones, KB Neale, AC AF Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Smith, JH Smith, ER Jones, KB Neale, AC TI Upstream-to-downstream changes in nutrient export risk SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; in-stream nutrient decay; modeling; nitrogen; phosphorus; pollution; watersheds ID PREDICTING NUTRIENT; PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; NITROGEN BUDGET; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; WATERSHEDS; RIVER; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Nutrient export coefficients are estimates of the mass of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) normalized by area and time (e.g., kg/ha/yr). They have been estimated most often for watersheds ranging in size from 10(2) to 10(4) hectares, and have been recommended as measurements to inform management decisions. At this scale, watersheds are often nested upstream and downstream components of larger drainage basins, suggesting nutrient export coefficients will change from one subwatershed to the next. Nutrient export can be modeled as risk where lack of monitoring data prevents empirical estimation. We modeled N and P export risk for subwatersheds of larger drainage basins, and examined spatial changes in risk from upstream to downstream watersheds. Spatial (subwatershed) changes in N and P risk were a function of in-stream decay, subwatershed land-cover composition, and subwatershed streamlength. Risk tended to increase in a downstream direction under low rates of in-stream decay, whereas high rates of in-stream decay often reduced risk to zero (0) toward downstream subwatersheds. On average, increases in the modeled rate of in-stream decay reduced risk by 0.44 for N and 0.39 for P. Interactions between in-stream decay, land-cover composition and streamlength produced dramatic changes in risk across subwatersheds in some cases. Comparison of the null cases of no in-stream decay and homogeneously forested subwatersheds with extant conditions indicated that complete forest cover produced greater reductions in nutrient export risk than a high in-stream decay rate, especially for P. High rates of in-stream decay and complete forest cover produced approximately equivalent reductions in N export risk for downstream subwatersheds. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ONeill Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD 243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 195 EP 208 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 694JB UT WOS:000183770300008 ER PT B AU Bartos, S Marks, J Kantamaneni, R Laush, C AF Bartos, S Marks, J Kantamaneni, R Laush, C BE Kaplan, HI TI Measured SF6 emissions from magnesium die casting operations SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2003 held at the 2003 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TMS, Light Met Div, Magnesium Comm, TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Int Magnesium Assoc AB Industrial molten magnesium processes primarily utilize sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a cover gas to inhibit surface oxidation, which can result in fires if not controlled. Recent concerns with global warming and subsequent research has determined SF6 to be a potent and long lived greenhouse gas. Current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Good Practice Guidance for estimating the emissions of SF6 from industrial magnesium processes assumes that 100 percent of the gas utilized for a given process is emitted directly to the atmosphere. This study examined the SF6 utilization for a magnesium die-casting process and determined that, for the specific operating conditions, the level of SF6 destruction was process dependent. Maximum SF6 destruction was observed to occur during ingot feeding operations, and ranged from 16 to 20 percent. During non-feeding periods the level of destruction decreased to approximately half that observed during feeding periods. While this paper is limited to one facility using a hot-chambered die-casting unit, it does provide a useful step towards defining the true nature of SF6 emissions from the magnesium industry as a whole. C1 US EPA, Climate Protect Partnerships Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Bartos, S (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Protect Partnerships Div, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-533-6 PY 2003 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW63V UT WOS:000182663300004 ER PT B AU Giattina, JD AF Giattina, JD BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Addressing threats to the health of coastal and near-coastal ecosystems - The Gulf of Mexico SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 US EPA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Giattina, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100019 ER PT B AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Overview: Setting goals and objectives in managing for healthy ecosystems SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 165 EP 166 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100020 ER PT B AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Appropriate use of ecosystem health and normative science in ecological policy SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; SCIENTISTS; DEFINITION C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 175 EP 186 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100022 ER PT B AU Andreasen, JK Noss, R Slosser, NC AF Andreasen, JK Noss, R Slosser, NC BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Development of a terrestrial index of ecological integrity (TIEI), a new tool for ecosystem management SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID WATER-QUALITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; HEALTH C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Andreasen, JK (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100030 ER PT B AU Fisher, WS Jackson, LE Kurtz, JC AF Fisher, WS Jackson, LE Kurtz, JC BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI US EPA office of research and development guidelines for technical evaluation of ecological indicators SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100031 ER PT B AU Thrupp, LA AF Thrupp, LA BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Agricultural biodiversity: A key element of ecosystem health and sustainable food security SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID CONSERVATION C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Thrupp, LA (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 317 EP 331 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100035 ER PT B AU Edmonds, CM Neale, AC Heggem, DT Wickham, JD Jones, KB AF Edmonds, CM Neale, AC Heggem, DT Wickham, JD Jones, KB BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI A comparison of landscape change detection methods SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID VEGETATION C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Edmonds, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100042 ER PT B AU Tong, STY AF Tong, STY BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Relationships among environmental stressors and fish community composition and health: Case study of Chesapeake Bay SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID ORDINATION; NITROGEN C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tong, STY (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 413 EP 428 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100043 ER PT B AU Streicher, JJ Endres, K AF Streicher, JJ Endres, K BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Modeling assessment of the biological and economic impact of increased UV radiation on loblolly pine in the Middle Atlantic states SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; GROWN SEEDLINGS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Streicher, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 513 EP 527 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100054 ER PT B AU Neale, AC Jones, KB Nash, MS Van Remortel, RD Wickham, JD Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV AF Neale, AC Jones, KB Nash, MS Van Remortel, RD Wickham, JD Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Application of landscape models to alternative futures analyses SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT; NUTRIENT; WETLANDS; STREAMS; FILTERS C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Neale, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 577 EP 587 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100061 ER PT B AU Bertram, P Shear, H Stadler-Salt, N Horvatin, P AF Bertram, P Shear, H Stadler-Salt, N Horvatin, P BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Environmental and socioeconomic indicators of Great Lakes basin ecosystem health SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Bertram, P (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 703 EP 720 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100070 ER PT B AU Matheny, RW Endres, K AF Matheny, RW Endres, K BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Land-use change due to urbanization for the Middle Atlantic integrated assessment region of the Eastern United States SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID MODEL; SIMULATION C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Matheny, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 777 EP 786 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100076 ER PT B AU Mehaffey, MH Wade, TG Nash, MS Edmonds, CM AF Mehaffey, MH Wade, TG Nash, MS Edmonds, CM BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Analysis of land cover and water quality in the New York Catskill-Delaware basins SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID CITY C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mehaffey, MH (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 1327 EP 1340 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100126 ER PT B AU Yuan, L AF Yuan, L BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Using a knowledge base to assess the effects of stream stressors SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID LAND-USE; INTEGRITY C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, L (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 1341 EP 1356 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100127 ER PT J AU Jones, WB Cifuentes, LA Kaldy, JE AF Jones, WB Cifuentes, LA Kaldy, JE TI Stable carbon isotope evidence for coupling between sedimentary bacteria and seagrasses in a sub-tropical lagoon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seagrasses; carbon cycling; bacteria; phospholipid fatty acids; stable carbon isotope ratio ID FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA; SULFATE REDUCTION; EPIPHYTIC ALGAE; COASTAL LAGOON; FOOD WEBS; MARINE AB e measured stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) in phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to identify the primary carbon source utilized by sedimentary bacteria in Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, which is a seagrass dominated lagoon. Comparisons were made between 3 differing habitat types consisting of a bare area, a transitional area, and a vegetated area. Using PLFA concentrations, we estimated that bacterial abundance was significantly higher in the vegetated habitat compared with bare or transitional habitats. Seagrass Thalassia testudinum above-ground tissues averaged -10.8 +/- 0.3%. and benthic microalgae, based on 20:5Delta3 PLFA, averaged -20.5 +/- 0.6parts per thousand. The delta(13)C of total organic carbon ((TOC)-C-13) from all habitats and depths were within +/-2parts per thousand of T testudinum above-ground tissues, suggesting that the majority of sedimentary organic carbon originated from this source. The delta(13)C of the ubiquitous 16:0 PLFA indicated more complexity in surface vegetated sediments and at depth (ca. 19 cm) in bare and transitional habitats. In turn, the delta(13)C of branched, iso- and anteiso-15:0 (i&a15:0) PLFAs found only in bacteria were within +/-3parts per thousand of (TOC)-C-13 in all habitats and at all depths. Our work confirmed coupling between sedimentary bacteria and seagrasses occurs in oligotrophic systems with few allochthonous inputs. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97366 USA. RP Cifuentes, LA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, MS 3146, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lcifuentes@ocean.tamu.edu NR 74 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 255 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.3354/meps255015 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 703FD UT WOS:000184268600002 ER PT J AU Larned, ST AF Larned, ST TI Effects of the invasive, nonindigenous seagrass Zostera japonica on nutrient fluxes between the water column and benthos in a NE Pacific estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE estuary; invasion; nonindigenous species; nutrient flux; NE Pacific; porewater; seagrass; sediment; Zostera japonica ID NORTH-CAROLINA; OXYGEN FLUXES; MARINA; NITROGEN; USA; COMMUNITY; BAY; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; DETRITUS AB The effects of Z. japonica on dissolved nutrient fluxes between the water column and the benthos in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA were examined. Nutrient fluxes in Zostera japonica habitats were compared to those in adjacent unvegetated sediment in warm and cool seasons, and in daylight and darkness. In daylight, Z. japonica habitats were net sinks for nitrate (NO3) ammonium (NH4) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the warm season, and for NO3 and DRP in the cool season. At night in the warm season, Z. japonica habitats were net sinks for NO3 and NH4. Unvegetated sediments were net sources of NH4 to the water column in daylight in both seasons, and net sinks for NO3 at night in the warm season. On a diel basis, Z. japonica habitats habitats were net sinks for NO3 and NH4, and unvegetated sediments were net sources of NH4. Porewater NO3 and NH4 concentrations in unvegetated sediments were twice those in Z, japonica habitats. Nutrient fluxes in abutting monospecific patches of Z, japonica and the native seagrass Z. marina were also compared. Both species were sinks for NO3, NH4 and DRP. NO3 influx rates per unit above-ground biomass were higher in Z. japonica habitats, but areal rates of NO3 influx were higher in Z marina habitats, reflecting the latter's higher biomass. The data demonstrate that Z. japonica invasions alter water column-benthos nutrient fluxes. These alterations may in turn affect pelagic primary production. At current biomass levels, Z. japonica is estimated to remove 50 to 60 mole dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) h(-1) and 0.2 to 2.2 mole DRP h(-1) from the Yaquina Bay water column, and continued expansion of Z. japonica in the estuary could lead to substantial reductions in nutrient availability. C1 US Environm Protect Agency, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Larned, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, POB 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM s.larned@niwa.co.nz NR 39 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 254 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.3354/meps254069 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696LD UT WOS:000183887600008 ER PT J AU Perovich, GM Epifanio, CE Dittel, AI Tyler, PA AF Perovich, GM Epifanio, CE Dittel, AI Tyler, PA TI Spatial and temporal patterns in development of eggs in the vent crab Bythograea thermydron SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal vents; egg development; seasonality; vent crab; Bythograea ID DEEP-SEA; REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS; BRACHYURA; TEMPERATURE; CRUSTACEANS; PRESSURE; BIOLOGY; LARVAE AB In this paper we describe results of a study on the reproductive biology of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron. At vent sites along the East Pacific Rise, histological analyses of gonads from adult female crabs collected in November 1997, May 1999 and May 2000 provide strong evidence that B. thermydron undergoes a seasonal cycle of reproductive activity, with egg hatching peaking in April-May. Females undergo a synchronous pattern of oocyte development, whereby one cohort of oocytes undergoes vitellogenesis, while a second cohort is present and remains immature until the initial cohort reaches full maturity and is extruded onto the pleopods. When mean oocyte-size-frequency distributions were compared across months, the 2 May samples were similar to each other, with a dominance of previtellogenic oocytes and a second, smaller group of vitellogenic oocytes also present. In contrast, the November sample exhibited a wide variety of oocyte sizes, with no one size class predominating. In addition, May samples from the vent periphery contained a high proportion of females that showed evidence of recent egg hatching, while females collected from the region near the vent orifice exhibited a wide range of the intermediate stages of gonadal development. This set of data suggests an annual cycle whereby a given cohort of oocytes is in a previtellogenic state in early spring (April-May), but has begun vitellogenesis by late autumn (November) and has developed to maximum maturity by the time the eggs are extruded the following spring. While the current clutch of eggs is being brooded, a second cohort of previtellogenic oocytes begins to develop in the ovary and the cycle is repeated. Superimposed on this annual cycle is a pattern of behavior whereby females with mature gonads migrate to the vent periphery where fertilized eggs are extruded, brooded, and hatched. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP US EPA, 8723R,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM perovich.gina@epa.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 251 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.3354/meps251211 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679JP UT WOS:000182917300018 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA AF Abdelrhman, MA TI Effect of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies on flow and transport SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE models; eelgrass; current profile; transport ID SEAGRASS AMPHIBOLIS-ANTARCTICA; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; EMERGENT VEGETATION; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; CURRENT VELOCITY; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DYNAMICS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Ecological effects of the interaction between submerged aquatic vegetation and currents depend on the plants and their associated organisms as well as the large-scale transport of dissolved and suspended constituents near the canopy. Mathematical models for airflow within plant canopies were adapted to describe water flow through and above meadows of aquatic eelgrass Zostera marina. The resulting model provided the vertical distribution of velocity and shear in a water column within the meadow, and it was developed to automatically conserve flow within the canopy. It was tested and calibrated with data from the laboratory and the field, and it performed adequately. The flow profile was nearly exponential within the canopy and logarithmic above it. The model was used to study how the eelgrass canopy affected the horizontal transport of conservative constituents. The most important finding was that the vertical distribution of a constituent determines whether the canopy will reduce or enhance its transport through the water column. This effect has direct implications for transport of nonconservative constituents such as dissolved oxygen, nutrients, organic carbon, and particulate pollen, larvae, plankton, and detritus. It also has direct implications for biological issues such as vertical distributions of photosynthesis and of recruitment of organisms on blades of grass while they are exposed to varying degrees of currents and shear. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Altantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Altantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov NR 68 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 248 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.3354/meps248067 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 659GX UT WOS:000181769500006 ER PT J AU Stronkhorst, J Schot, ME Dubbeldam, MC Ho, KT AF Stronkhorst, J Schot, ME Dubbeldam, MC Ho, KT TI A toxicity identification evaluation of silty marine harbor sediments to characterize persistent and non-persistent constituents SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE dredged material; TIE; bioassays; ammonia; metals; organics ID WATER; TOXICANTS; BIOASSAYS AB Sediment toxicity in silty marine harbor sediments is frequently dominated by ammonia or sulfide, leaving the adverse effects of persistent toxic substances unnoticed. To investigate the latter, we subjected interstitial water from three contaminated silty sediments to toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and tested for toxicity with four bioassays: the amphipod Corophium volutator (survival as an endpoint), the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (fertilization, embryo development) and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (bioluminescence inhibition). The graduated pH manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia in the amphipod and sea urchin embryo tests, and also sulfide toxicity in the bacterium test. In two of the three samples tested with the amphipods, sea urchin embryos and bacteria, a small but significant reduction in interstitial water toxicity was achieved by removing persistent compounds through C-18 solid phase extraction. EDTA chelation resulted in a slight detoxification of the interstitial water for the amphipods and sea urchin embryos, but this was not related to any measured trace metals. Despite the presence of toxic levels of ammonia and sulfide in the harbor sediments, we established the adverse biological effects of persistent constituents by means of the TIE manipulations and in vivo interstitial water bioassays. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Coastal & Marine Management, NL-2500 EX The Hague, Netherlands. AquaSense Consultants, NL-1090 HC Amsterdam, Netherlands. NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, US Environm Prot Agcy, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Natl Inst Coastal & Marine Management, POB 20907, NL-2500 EX The Hague, Netherlands. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 AR PII S0025-326X(02)00314-4 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00314-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 646BH UT WOS:000181014600019 PM 12535970 ER PT S AU Guyon, JP Foskey, M Kim, J Firat, Z Davis, B Haneke, K Aylward, SR AF Guyon, JP Foskey, M Kim, J Firat, Z Davis, B Haneke, K Aylward, SR BE Ellis, RE Peters, TM TI VETOT, volume estimation and tracking over time: Framework and validation SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI 2003, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Medical Imaging Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention CY NOV 15-18, 2003 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Robarts Res Inst, No Digital Inc AB We have implemented an effective and publicly available tool, VETOT, to track and quantify the evolution of tumors and organs over time. VETOT includes a framework both for registration and segmentation. We have evaluated the accuracy and reliability of different level set segmentation methods in order to validate this part of our software and evaluate its usability. In addition to the registration and segmentation frameworks, our program allows the creation of inter- and intra-patient atlases based on a common coordinate system defined by the landmarks selected during the registration process. Based on the National Library of Medicine's Insight toolkit, this free software is extensible and provides an intuitive interface that allows very fast processing with minimum training. This paper details VETOT and our level set segmentation evaluation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Comp Aided Display & Diagnosis Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina Hosp, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cary, NC USA. Integrated Lab Syst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Guyon, JP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Comp Aided Display & Diagnosis Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM piloo@unc.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20464-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2879 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BY19R UT WOS:000188180400018 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TT Dinh, KT AF Nguyen, TT Dinh, KT TI Characterizations of normal distributions and EDF goodness-of-fit tests SO METRIKA LA English DT Article DE conditional density function; UMVUE of the density function; characteristic function AB Two characterizations of a normal distribution with an unknown variance based on the corresponding UMVU estimators of the density functions are given, depending on whether its mean is known, or unknown. Applications of these characterization results in the procedures to construct empirical distribution function (EDF) goodness-of-fit tests for normal distributions are mentioned. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nguyen, TT (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0026-1335 J9 METRIKA JI Metrika PY 2003 VL 58 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s001840200233 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 730RM UT WOS:000185844000003 ER PT B AU Mayer, AL Pawlowski, CW Cabezas, H AF Mayer, AL Pawlowski, CW Cabezas, H GP MSSANZI TI Estimating sustainability of a simple human society and its associated ecosystem using resilience and Fisher information SO MODSIM 2003: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION, VOLS 1-4: VOL 1: NATURAL SYSTEMS, PT 1; VOL 2: NATURAL SYSTEMS, PT 2; VOL 3: SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; VOL 4: GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 14-17, 2003 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA SP Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand, Environm Modelling & Software, CSIRO, James Cook Univ, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, IMACS, SCS DE resilience; Fisher information; sustainability; modeling ID STABILITY; SERVICES AB Sustainability applies to integrated systems comprising humans and the rest of nature. To be considered sustainable, human components (society, economy, law, etc.) that interact with ecosystems cannot decrease the resilience of the ecosystem structures and functions (trophic linkages, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, etc.) upon which the human components depend. A mathematical theory embodying these concepts would be immensely valuable in humanity's efforts to determine the effects of human activity on the resilience of the ecosystems. However, resilience of ecosystems can be very difficult to measure when only data collected in the field are available. We propose that indicators based on Information Theory can be used to develop measures that bridge the natural and human systems and make sense of the disparate state variables of the system. Fisher Information measures the variation of a dynamic steady state based on the probability density function it generates. We investigate the relationship between ecosystem resilience and Fisher Information using a simple, deterministic ecosystem model. This model is formed by a series of differential Lotka-Volterra equations, and includes 10 species arranged in 5 trophic levels, in addition to two resource pools, one of which is only accessible to two of the four plant species. The human society is modeled as one of the 10 species, and in proportion to its population size can increase the growth rate of three domesticated species, and decrease the mass transfer between other species. We create perturbations in the system to explore its resilience to these perturbations, and the relationship between resilience and Fisher Information. Since Fisher Information tracks the variation in a system, we hypothesize its use as an index of ecosystem resilience, and therefore sustainability. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA PI NEDLANDS PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA BN 1-74052-098-X PY 2003 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BY81Z UT WOS:000189470800129 ER PT J AU Zuelke, KA Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Perreault, SD AF Zuelke, KA Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Perreault, SD TI Glutathione (GSH) concentrations vary with the cell cycle in maturing hamster oocytes, zygotes, and pre-implantation stage embryos SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE oocyte maturation; glutathione; meiosis; cell cycle; hamster ID IN-VITRO MATURATION; MALE PRONUCLEAR FORMATION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BOVINE OOCYTES; PIG OOCYTES; BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL; PORCINE OOCYTES; CUMULUS CELLS; INVITRO MATURATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Glutathione (GSH) is thought to play critical roles in oocyte function including spindle maintenance and provision of reducing power needed to initiate sperm chromatin decondensation. Previous observations that GSH concentrations are higher in mature than immature oocytes and decline after fertilization, suggest that GSH synthesis may be associated with cell cycle events. To explore this possibility, we measured the concentrations of GSH in Golden Hamster oocytes and zygotes at specific stages of oocyte maturation and at intervals during the first complete embryonic cell cycle. Between 2 and 4 hr after the hormonal induction of oocyte maturation, GSH concentrations increased significantly (doubling) in both oocytes and their associated cumulus cells. This increase was concurrent with germinal vesicle breakdown and the condensation of metaphase I chromosomes in the oocyte. GSH remained high in ovulated, metaphase II (MII) oocytes, but then declined significantly, by about 50%, shortly after fertilization, as the zygote progressed back into interphase (the pronucleus stage). GSH concentrations then plummeted by the two-cell embryo stage and remained at only 10% of those in MII oocytes throughout pre-implantation development. These results demonstrate that oocyte GSH concentrations fluctuate with the cell cycle, being highest during meiotic metaphase, the critical period for spindle growth and development and for sperm chromatin remodeling. These observations raise the possibility that GSH synthesis in maturing oocytes is regulated by gonadotropins, and suggest that GSH is more important during fertilization than during preimplantation embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64: 106-112, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zuelke, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 124 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 39 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1002/mrd.10214 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 617CJ UT WOS:000179342400013 PM 12420305 ER PT J AU Yike, I Vesper, S Tomashefski, JF Dearborn, DG AF Yike, I Vesper, S Tomashefski, JF Dearborn, DG TI Germination, viability and clearance of Stachybotrys chartarum in the lungs of infant rats SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conidia of Stachybotrys chartarum; germination and clearance in the lung : infant rats; infectivity; toxicity; viability ID ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; FUNGAL EXPOSURE; ATRA; CLEVELAND; HEMOSIDEROSIS; CYTOTOXICITY; SIDEROPHORE; MACROPHAGES; HEMOLYSIN; PRODUCTS AB Observing that the conidia of Stachybotrys chartarum can germinate in the lung of infant rats, it became important to ascertain whether an infection can ensue. Viable conidia of S. chartarum were instilled into the lungs of 4 and 14 day-old rat pups. Germination was observed frequently in the lungs of 4 day-old but rarely in the 14 day-old pups. In the 4 day-old pups, pulmonary inflammation with hemorrhagic exudates was observed and resulted in about 15% mortality rate compared to 0% for the controls instilled with phosphate buffered saline. Acute neutrophilic inflammation and intense interstitial pneumonia with poorly formed granulomas observed three days following exposure were associated with fungal hyphae and conidia. The surviving experimental pups showed significantly slower weight gain for seven days. Dilution plating and quantitative PCR analysis were used to follow total fungal load in the rat pups lung homogenates. In the 4 day-old rat pups viable fungi decreased rapidly and were less than 1% by day seven. Similarly, fungal DNA decreased exponentially and was only 0.03% by fourteen days after exposure. However, 14 day-old rat pups showed neither the lethal effects of exposures to viable conidia of S. chartarum nor the slower weight gain, and the fungal load decreased even more rapidly. We conclude that S. chartarum conidia can initially germinate and form hyphae but even in the immature rat pups do not establish an effective infection, although a very limited persistence cannot be excluded. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. US EPA, Natl Environm Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. RP Yike, I (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09742] NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 2 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 659DR UT WOS:000181762700005 PM 12733626 ER PT J AU Gregory, L Rand, TG Dearborn, D Yike, I Vesper, S AF Gregory, L Rand, TG Dearborn, D Yike, I Vesper, S TI Immunocytochemical localization of stachylysin in Stachybotrys chartarum spores and spore-impacted mouse and rat lung tissue SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conidia; hemolysin; immunohistochemistry; intratracheal instillation; Stachybotrys chartarum; stachylysin; ultrastructure ID PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALPHA-TOXIN; HEMOLYSIN; ATRA; INFANTS; INJURY; MICE; HEMOSIDEROSIS; EXPOSURE AB Stachylysin is a proteinaceous hemolytic agent that is produced by Stachybotrys chartarum. Stachylysin was found, using immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods, to be localized in S. chartarum spores/mycelia primarily in the inner wall suggesting that it is constitutively produced. Spores instilled in mouse or rat lung tissues resulted in granuloma formation, which showed the highest stachylysin concentration in the inner wall of the spore and near the spore, with less at distance indicating that it had diffused out from the spore. The in vitro high stachylysin producing strain (58-06) was also highest in vivo, based on immunohistochemistical staining. More stachylysin was observed in the mouse lung tissue at 72 h than at 24 h indicating that production/release is a relatively slow process. The localization of stachylysin in macrophage phagolysosomes suggests that these cells may be involved with hemolysin inactivation. This would be consistent with what is known about asp-hemolysin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus. C1 St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rand, TG (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. EM thomas.rand@STMARYS.CA NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 659DR UT WOS:000181762700011 PM 12733632 ER PT J AU Li, DW Yang, CS Haugland, R Vesper, S AF Li, DW Yang, CS Haugland, R Vesper, S TI A new species of Memnoniella SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE hyphomycetes; Memnoniella longistipitata; Stachybotrys ID IDENTIFICATION AB A new species of hyphomycetes, Memnoniella longistipitata anam. sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This fungus was originally isolated from forest soil in Japan. C1 P&K Microbiol Serv Inc, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, DW (reprint author), P&K Microbiol Serv Inc, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 85 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 669DP UT WOS:000182336900024 ER PT J AU McPherson, CA Kubik, J Wine, RN D'Hellencourt, CL Harry, GJ AF McPherson, CA Kubik, J Wine, RN D'Hellencourt, CL Harry, GJ TI Alterations in cyclin A, B, and D1 in mouse dentate gyrus following TMT-induced hippocampal damage SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Meeting of the Neurotoxicity-Society CY 2003 CL LA SERENA, CHILE SP Neurotoxic Soc DE cyclin; trimethyltin; glia; astrocytes; hippocampus; dentate gyrus ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NEURONAL CELL-DEATH; SEIZURE-INDUCED NEUROGENESIS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE BRAIN; DEPENDENT KINASES; GROWTH-FACTOR; TRIMETHYLTIN INTOXICATION; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; LIMBIC SEIZURES AB The interactions of glia and neurons during injury and subsequent neurodegeneration are a subject of interest both in disease and chemical-induced brain injury. One such model is the prototypical hippocampal toxicant trimethyltin (TMT). An acute injection of TMT (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) to postnatal day 21 CD-1 male mice produced neuronal necrosis and loss of dentate granule cells, astrocyte hypertrophy, and microglia activation in the hippocampus within 24 h. Neuronal necrosis and microglia differentiation to a phagocytic phenotype is temporally correlated with peak elevations in TNF-alpha, cyclin A2, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 at 72 h post-TMF. TNF-alpha mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the hippocampus by 12 h and remained elevated for 72 h. mRNA levels for cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 were elevated by approximately 2-fold at 72 h. Immunohistochemistry suggested a cellular localization of cyclin A to microglia in the region of neuronal necrosis in the dentate, cyclin B in glial cells in juxtaposition to neurons in the hilus of the hippocampus and cyclin D1 to non-glial cells in the dentate. mRNA levels for cyclin D1 were elevated approximately 1.5-fold by 72 h as determined by RNase protection assay. No changes were seen in mRNA levels for cyclins E, F, G1, G2, H or I nor cyclin dependent kinases. These elevations are not associated with proliferation of microglia as determined by BrdU incorporation and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Upregulation of cell cycle genes was associated with cellular processes other than proliferation and may contribute to the differentiation of microglia to a phagocytic phenotype. These data suggest an integrated role for cell cycle regulation of neural cells in the manifestation of hippocampal pathophysiology. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Harry@niehs.nih.gov NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 339 EP + PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 741RA UT WOS:000186470000005 PM 14715453 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Vanadium phosphorus oxide as an efficient catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidations using hydrogen peroxide SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; VPO CATALYSTS; MIXED OXIDES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N-BUTANE; EPOXIDATION; CYCLOHEXANE; ADAMANTANE; CYCLOOCTANE AB Calcined vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) prepared by an organic route is found to be an active and effective catalyst for the oxidation of various alkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, n-hexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclodecane and adamantane in acetonitrile solvent using the environmentally benign oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, where the oxidation mechanism is believed to involve a reversible V4+/ V5+ redox cycle. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1039/b209268a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 649LP UT WOS:000181210200014 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Johnson, MG AF Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Johnson, MG TI Optimizing minirhizotron sample frequency for an evergreen and deciduous tree species SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE minirhizotron; fine roots; production; mortality; Douglas-fir; Linden ID FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; ELEVATED CO2; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HARDWOOD FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; LIFE-SPAN; GROWTH; LONGEVITY; TURNOVER AB When using minirhizotrons to study fine dynamics in natural ecosystems, it is important to determine how sample collection frequency influences estimates of fine root production and mortality. Minirhizotron images were collected twice per week from mature Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tilia cordata trees and analyzed to estimate fine root production and mortality. These data were used to create data sets reflecting sample frequencies of 1, 2, 4 or 8 wk. When the sampling interval is long, fine roots can appear and disappear between samplings, leading to underestimates of production and mortality. For example, with an 8-wk sample frequency, 24 and 35% of the fine root production in P. menziesii and T. cordata, respectively, is not measured. Fine root mortality displays the same sensitivity to sample frequency. Our experimental observations supported the previously published simulation analysis, which provides an estimate of the proportion of fine roots missed at different sample frequencies and is a tool that can be used to select a sample frequency to balance production and mortality accuracy with sampling and analytical effort. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 157 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00653.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 627QN UT WOS:000179945400017 ER PT J AU Berkenbusch, K Rowden, AA AF Berkenbusch, K Rowden, AA TI Ecosystem engineering - moving away from 'just-so' stories SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE allogenic and autogenic engineers; Callianassa filholi; community change; ecological concept; habitat modification; soft-sediment environment; Zostera novazelandica ID SHRIMP CALLIANASSA-FILHOLI; SUBTERRANEA MONTAGU THALASSINIDEA; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEDIMENT TURNOVER; SPATIAL VARIATION; DECAPODA; CRUSTACEA; BURROWS; BIOTURBATION AB The concept of ecosystem engineering has been proposed recently to account for key processes between organisms and their environment which are not directly trophic or competitive, and which result in the modification, maintenance and/or creation of habitats. Since the initial reporting of the idea, little work has been undertaken to apply the proposed concept to potential ecosystem engineers in the marine environment. Biological and ecological data for the burrowing ghost shrimp Callianassa filholi (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) allowed for a formal assessment of this species as an ecosystem engineer, in direct accordance with published criteria. Despite a low population density and the short durability of its burrow structures, Callianassa filholi affected a number of resource flows by its large lifetime per capita activity. Ecosystem effects were evident in significant changes in macrofauna community composition over small spatial and temporal scales. Seasonal variation in the effects of ghost shrimp activity were associated with changes in seagrass (Zostera novazelandica) biomass, which revealed the probability of interactions between antagonistic ecosystem engineers. The formal assessment of Callianassa filholi provides the opportunity to aid discussion pertaining to the development of the ecosystem engineering concept. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Berkenbusch, K (reprint author), US EPA, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 62 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 16 PU NEW ZEALAND ECOL SOC PI CHRISTCHURCH PA PO BOX 25178, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND SN 0110-6465 J9 NEW ZEAL J ECOL JI N. Z. J. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679AV UT WOS:000182899600009 ER PT J AU Ho, KT Kuhn, A Burgess, RM Pelletier, M McGovern, DG Charles, J Patton, L AF Ho, KT Kuhn, A Burgess, RM Pelletier, M McGovern, DG Charles, J Patton, L TI Use of marine toxicity identification and evaluation methods in determining causes of toxicity to fish in a marine aquarium facility SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM; METALS; TOXICANTS; EFFLUENT AB We obtained a water sample containing broken pieces of a tropical coral reef decor that was suspected of causing fish toxicity in a major aquarium. A toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) was performed using three species: a mysid shrimp. Americamysis bahia: inland silverside Menidia beryllina; and an amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. Initial tests indicated that only the shrimp was sensitive to the unknown toxicant. The first phase of the TIE indicated that the toxicity to the shrimp could be eliminated by either the addition of EDTA or manipulation of the cation exchange column. Elevated concentrations of Cd were detected by inductively coupled plasma analysis, and metal toxicity was confirmed when the cation exchange column treatment successfully isolated the toxic metal. Analysis of affected fish tissue indicated Cd levels ranging from less than 0.3 ng/g in the muscle to 200 mug/g in the liver. This Study demonstrates a unique application of TIE methods to diagnose toxicity problems in aquaria and other aquaculture situations. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 65 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2003)065<0014:UOMTIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 639TF UT WOS:000180644900003 ER PT S AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT BE Stockner, JG TI Nutrient addition to restore salmon runs: Considerations for developing environmental protection policies and regulations SO NUTRIENTS IN SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS: SUSTAINING PRODUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Restoring Nutrients to Salmonid Ecosystems CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL EUGENE, OR SP Agrium Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oregon Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Greater Portland Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Pacific Chapter, Amer Fishieris Soc, Int Chapter, Boise Cascade Corp, British Columbia Conservat Fdn, Bur Land Management, Canadian Dept Fisheries & Oceans, David Suzuki Fdn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Nat Resourcs Conservat Serv, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, US EPA, US Forest Serv, Washington Dept Nat Resources, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-44-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 34 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Fisheries SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BW31X UT WOS:000181552500021 ER PT B AU Heinen, E Potts, K Snow, L Trulli, W Redford, D AF Heinen, E Potts, K Snow, L Trulli, W Redford, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Dilution of wastewater discharges from moving cruise ships SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a survey using EPA's Ocean Survey Vessel Peter W. Anderson to track and quantify the dilution and dispersal of wastewater discharges behind four large cruise ships. Wastewater holding tanks were spiked with rhodamine dye before discharge. During the discharge of the wastewater, drogued buoys were released at two minutes intervals to permit visual tracking of the plume. A tow fish with a fluorometer was towed through the plume to measure the dimensions of the plume and dye concentration. Dilution of the discharge was calculated based on the concentration of dye in the plume and the initial concentration of the dye in the wastewater holding tanks. Results indicate that discharges behind cruise ships moving at between 9 and 17 knots are rapidly diluted by a factor of 260,000:1 to 580,000:1. These results are larger than dilution factors estimated by previous modeling efforts. This suggests that previous studies underestimate the impact of turbulence caused by the propellers and displacement of the ship's hull. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Heinen, E (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,Mail Code 4504T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300086 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG Rodan, BD AF Blundell, AG Rodan, BD TI Mahogany and CITES: moving beyond the veneer of legality SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE illegal trade; logging; mahogany; Swietenia macrophylla; trade statistics; tropical timber species ID AMAZONIA AB The genuine mahoganies (Swietenia spp., Meliaceae) are the most valuable timber species in Latin America. Only one species, bigleaf mahogany S. macrophylla, is still traded. Because of concerns regarding logging it is regulated under Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We analyze implementation of CITES regulations by the USA, which is the major importer, comparing CITES statistics with data from US Customs to determine if shipments entering the USA have proper CITES documentation. Based on summary data for 1997-1999 (the most recent available), US Customs reports substantially more mahogany imports than CITES, although > 90% of imports were accompanied by the proper CITES documents. The discrepancies resulted from (1) changes in shipment volume made after permits were issued, (2) data transcription and unit conversion errors, (3) mistaken inclusion of other species in Customs data, and (4) imports that might or might not have been accompanied by the appropriate CITES documents. The analysis demonstrates that the USA is properly implementing CITES requirements. However, mahogany may be smuggled under different species names. Furthermore, the numerous credible reports of widespread illegal mahogany logging suggest that a substantial proportion of US imports might have been obtained in a manner inconsistent with the domestic laws of the exporting countries. Thus illegally obtained mahogany might have been 'legalized' through the CITES process, with Appendix III providing a veneer of legality to what is otherwise illegal wood. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, EGAT Forest Team, 3426 16th St NW 308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1017/S0030605303000164 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000182554500023 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Shipitalo, MJ Bohlen, PJ Subler, S Edwards, CA AF Shuster, WD Shipitalo, MJ Bohlen, PJ Subler, S Edwards, CA TI Population dynamics of ambient and altered earthworm communities in row-crop agroecosystems in the Midwestern US SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE earthworms; Lumbricus terrestris; population dynamics; carrying capacity ID SYSTEMS; SOIL AB Earthworms affect agroecosystem processes and few studies have addressed population dynamics when earthworms are intentionally introduced. Handsorting and formalin extraction were used semi-annually from fall 1994 to fall 1997 to measure populations in plots with and without added earthworms under chisel till in a corn-soybean rotation (CT) and a ridge-till system in a corn-soybean-wheat rotation (RT) in Ohio, USA. Earthworm communities were altered by adding similar to76 Lumbricus terrestris (L.) m(-2) each spring and fall into plots with no, or very few of these anecic earthworms. increases in L. terrestris were small (similar to7 m(-2)) compared to the number added and their establishment was at the expense of the epigeic earthworm L. rubellus (Hoff.), which declined four and two-fold in CT and RT, respectively. Populations of the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tytaeum (Sav.) were unaffected by the addition of L. terrestris. Sampling 5 years after the additions indicated that L. terrestris persisted only in the RT plots. The decline in L. rubellus populations in plots with added anecic worms was no longer evident. We understand that the increased number and amounts of residues and the minimal level of disturbance found in RT probably increased the extent and quality of earthworm habitat over CT plots, which had fewer crops, less cover, and periodic disturbance. Apparently, population dynamics and competitive relationships among different earthworm functional groups were regulated by agroecosystem type, and their correspondent disturbance regimes and resource distributions. C1 ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. MAcArthur Agroecol Res Ctr, Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33852 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Pacific Garden, Millheim, PA 16854 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL SEB ML498,26 W MArtin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 825 EP 829 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70275-9 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700064 ER PT S AU Malak, S AF Malak, S BE Volgas, GC Downer, RA Lopez, HB TI Proposed definitions, specifications, and data requirements for identical or substantially similar pesticide products SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: 23RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems CY OCT 15-16, 2002 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, E35 22 Subcomm DE alternate formulation; CFR; FIFRA; FQPA; guidelines; identical; "me-too" registration; PR notice substantially similar AB The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Section 3(c)(3)(B)(i)(I) requires the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as expeditiously as possible to review and act on any application received proposing initial or amended registration of an end-use product that, if registered as proposed, would be identical or substantially similar in composition and labeling to a currently registered pesticide identified in the application, or that would differ in composition and labeling from such currently registered pesticide only in ways that would not significantly increase the risk of unreasonable effects on the environment. OPP is proposing some definitions, specifications, and product chemistry data requirements for identical or substantially similar pesticide products, applicable to all pesticides regulated by the EPA. They are required in part to regulate pesticide registrations, reregistrations, and amendments for repacks, alternate formulations, and "me-too" registrations, all require similarity determination by the Agency. The criteria used in the review and decision-making process on initial or amended registration and reregistration of a pending product claimed to be identical or substantially similar to a registered product are based on the chemical composition, physical/chemical properties, and labeling. The purpose of the paper is to make it easier for regulators and the regulated pesticide industry to follow the proposed guidance when applying for "me-too" registration in compliance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(3)(B)(i)(I) and for "alternate formulations" as per the regulations of 40 CFR Part 152.43. The present regulations are general and contain several caveats. Regulations pertaining to acute toxicology, risk assessment, toxicological, ecotoxicological, environmental fate, minor formulation amendments regulated by PR Notice 98-10, are not within the scope of this guidance. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7505C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Malak, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7505C, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3468-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1449 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.1520/STP11210S PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Chemistry, Applied SC Agriculture; Chemistry GA BX90Q UT WOS:000186779900021 ER PT J AU Zepp, RG Callaghan, TV Erickson, DJ AF Zepp, RG Callaghan, TV Erickson, DJ TI Interactive effects of ozone depletion and climate change on biogeochemical cycles SO PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; UV-B RADIATION; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; ROBUR LEAF-LITTER; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; QUERCUS-ROBUR AB The effects of ozone depletion on global biogeochemical cycles, via increased UV-B radiation at the Earth's surface, have continued to be documented over the past 4 years. In this report we also document various effects of UV-B that interact with global climate change because the detailed interactions between ozone depletion and climate change are central to the prediction and evaluation of future Earth environmental conditions. There is increasing evidence that elevated UV-B has significant effects on the terrestrial biosphere with important implications for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and other elements. Increased UV has been shown to induce carbon monoxide production from dead plant matter in terrestrial ecosystems, nitrogen oxide production from Arctic and Antarctic snowpacks, and halogenated substances from several terrestrial ecosystems. New studies on UV effects on the decomposition of dead leaf material confirm that these effects are complex and species-specific. Decomposition can be retarded, accelerated or remain unchanged. It has been difficult to relate effects of UV on decomposition rates to leaf litter chemistry, as this is very variable. However, new evidence shows UV effects on some fungi, bacterial communities and soil fauna that could play roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. An important new result is that not only is nitrogen cycling in soils perturbed significantly by increased UV-B, but that these effects persist for over a decade. As nitrogen cycling is temperature dependent, this finding clearly links the impacts of ozone depletion to the ability of plants to use nitrogen in a warming global environment. There are many other potential interactions between UV and climate change impacts on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles that remain to be quantified. There is also new evidence that UV-B strongly influences aquatic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals cycling that affect a wide range of life processes. UV-B accelerates the decomposition of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) entering the sea via terrestrial runoff, thus having important effects on oceanic carbon cycle dynamics. Since UV-B influences the distribution of CDOM, there is an impact of UV-B on estimates of oceanic productivity based on remote sensing of ocean color. Thus, oceanic productivity estimates based on remote sensing require estimates of CDOM distributions. Recent research shows that UV-B transforms dissolved organic matter to dissolved inorganic carbon and nitrogen, including carbon dioxide and ammonium and to organic substances that are either more or less readily available to micro-organisms. The extent of these transformations is correlated with loss of UV absorbance by the organic matter. Changes in aquatic primary productivity and decomposition due to climate-related changes in circulation and nutrient supply, which occur concurrently with increased UV-B exposure, have synergistic influences on the penetration of light into aquatic ecosystems. New research has confirmed that UV affects the biological availability of iron, copper and other trace metals in aquatic environments thus potentially affecting the growth of phytoplankton and other microorganisms that are involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. There are several instances where UV-B modifies the air-sea exchange of trace gases that in turn alter atmospheric chemistry, including the carbon cycle. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Abisko Sci Res Stn, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield Ctr Arctic Ecol, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Tapton Expt Gardens, Sheffield S10 5BR, S Yorkshire, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Climate Dynam Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zepp, RG (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014 NR 158 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1474-905X J9 PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI JI Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1039/b211154n PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 642HH UT WOS:000180797800008 PM 12659539 ER PT S AU Ambrose, RB Tsiros, IX Wool, TA AF Ambrose, R. B., Jr. Tsiros, I. X. Wool, T. A. BE Lekkas, TD TI Predicting environmental concentrations of airborne pollutants in terrestrial receptors: The case of Mercury SO Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Vol B, Poster Presentations SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Lemnos Isl, GREECE SP Univ Aegean, Dept Environm Studies, Global NEST DE airborne mercury; terrestrial receptors; methyl mercury; hydrologic transport ID TRANSPORT; CATCHMENTS; MODEL; FATE AB This work is a modeling analysis of airborne mercury fate in catchments, which are important receptors in terms of exposure to mercury. Mercury is introduced into watersheds by atmospheric deposition and point source loadings. Atmospheric mercury deposition monitoring and source attribution data are used along with simulation models previously developed by the authors to estimate the contributions of Hg to the terrestrial and aquatic components of a catchment from local, regional and global sources. The study focuses on estimating the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for mercury as required by the Clean Water Act and associated regulations in the Ochlockonee watershed in Georgia, USA. Different software tools were used: a mercury version of the Water Characterization System (WCS), a GIS-based modeling system, to calculate surficial soil mercury concentrations over time using a mass balance on pervious watershed grids; the Mercury Delivery Spreadsheet (MDS) for calculating the fraction of mercury from the landscape that is lost in the watershed's tributary system due to reduction of divalent mercury to gaseous elemental mercury in the upper soil surface; and the mercury version of the general dynamic mass balance model WASP5 which uses as inputs the speciated mercury loadings delivered from the watershed and from point sources, and calculates total and methyl mercury concentrations in both water and sediment segments of the considered watershed. A check of simulation results against survey data gathered during very dry conditions in June, 2000 showed reasonable agreement. Relative errors were found to be 18% and -13% for methyl and total mercury in the sediments, respectively and -22% and 20% in the water, respectively. Model results are further examined in the context of implications for managing atmospheric emission sources of mercury in the Ochlockonee watershed. Results revealed that approximately a 90% reduction of mercury from all sources is needed to bring the predicted maximum concentration down to the target concentration. Moreover, mercury loading sensitivities were investigated to evaluate parameters controlling the predicted mercury loading flux, including weather variability and landscape characteristics. For both total mercury and methyl mercury in runoff, weather variability and soil loss rate were found to be the most sensitive parameters. Predicted methyl mercury runoff flux was also found to be sensitive to the processes of methylation and demethylation. Based on the results obtained from the simulations presented in this study, we conclude that the models and the modeling strategy used in the present work can be useful management tools. They are well suited for use in linked atmospheric-hydrologic mercury modeling studies for assessing loadings of mercury to the atmosphere that are protective of environmental quality in watersheds. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tsiros, IX (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV AEGEAN PI ATHENS PA VOULGAROKTONOU 30, ATHENS 114 72, GREECE SN 1106-5516 BN 960-7475-24-0 J9 PROC INT CONF ENV SC PY 2003 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEX23 UT WOS:000239952800002 ER PT J AU Gallardo-Williams, MT Maronpot, RR Wine, RN Brunssen, SH Chapin, RE AF Gallardo-Williams, MT Maronpot, RR Wine, RN Brunssen, SH Chapin, RE TI Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of prostate-specific antigen by boric acid and 3-nitrophenyl boronic acid SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; boron; enzyme inhibition; serine protease ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; BINDING PROTEIN-3 PROTEASE; SUBTILISIN CARLSBERG; DIETARY BORON; PSA; BOROCAPTATE; ANIMALS; SODIUM; TUMORS; HUMANS AB BACKGROUND. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established marker of prostate cancer, but it can also degrade extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and could be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, In this study, we have addressed the use of boric acid and 3-nitrophenyl boronic acid (NPBA) as PSA inhibitors in vitro. METHODS. The inhibition of PSA by boric acid was studied by using specific fluorogenic substrates. Fibronectin, a biologically relevant substrate for PSA, was used as a substrate in a zymographic assay, and the degradation of fibronectin by PSA in the presence of boric acid and NPBA was followed by Western Blot. RESULTS. Low concentrations of boric acid partially inhibited the proteolytic activity of PSA toward a synthetic fluorogenic substrate. Also, by Western blot, we have found significant inhibition in the proteolysis of fibronectin by PSA in the presence of boric acid as well as NPBA. Results indicate that the boronated compounds used in this study can be used for the modulation of PSA activity. CONCLUSION. PSA activity is inhibited in vitro by boric acid and NPBA, If degradation of fibronectin by PSA were, in fact, an important step in the progression of prostate cancer, then borate-induced inhibition of PSA activity should help reduce the development and proliferation of prostate carcinomas. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gallardo-Williams, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, POB 12233 MD E1-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 54 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1002/pros.10166 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 631WN UT WOS:000180190300006 PM 12481254 ER PT B AU Graham, RV Burghardt, JE Mesch, M Doolittle, R AF Graham, RV Burghardt, JE Mesch, M Doolittle, R GP IAEA TI Multi-tiered process in the characterization of a uranium mine waste dump in Lathrop Canyon, Canyonlands National Park, Utah SO PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT FROM IONISING RADIATION: THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A SYSTEM OF RADIATION PROTECTION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT SE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY CONFERENCE & SYMPOSIUM PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on the Protection of the Environment from Ionising Radiation (SPEIR 3) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL Darwin, AUSTRALIA SP Environm Australia, Supervising Scientist Div, Australian Radiat Protect & Nucl Safety Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy AB The National Park Service (NPS), Utah's Department of Natural Resources Abandoned Mine Reclamation Program (AMRP), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region 8 (EPA) entered into a partnership to develop and implement a tiered framework that utilized environmental assessment and management protocols. Implementation of this framework for abandoned mine restoration combined societal and National Park Service prograrn objectives, ecological attributes, indicator biota measurement endpoints, and regional environmental program goals and scientific attributes in the evaluation of environmental risks from abandoned uranium mines' waste rock materials. The NPS and AMRP have worked cooperatively to evaluate and close hazardous openings at these sites throughout Utah, but mine waste rock piles at remote sites have often not been reclaimed. Representative sites on NPS lands were considered for this study. Criteria for site selection included size of mine waste rock piles, proximity to ephemeral desert washes, and evidence of waste rock pile erosion. Twelve abandoned uranium mines in the Lathrop Canyon area of Canyonlands National Park were selected for field analysis. Radiological surveys of the the uranium-238 series isotopes were conducted in situ. Further waste rock materials and opportunistic water samples were also collected for laboratory analysis. Biological observations and inventories were conducted and environmental risks estimated. Preliminary results potentially indicate that the Lathrop Canyon sites, abandoned in the 1950s, have stabilized over time and currently pose minimal radiological dose impacts on specific ecological receptors. Data comparison to other sensitive environment toxicological endpoints similarly indicate minimal ecological risks and impacts to other potential biological receptors utilizing this sensitive environment. From this intial analysis the NPS, AMRP, and EPA will further evaluate other comparable sites in order to apply this tiered evaluation to conserve, restore, assess and manage environmental objectives on a regional scale. C1 US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Unit, Denver, CO USA. RP Graham, RV (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Unit, Denver, CO USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 92-0-103603-5 J9 IAEA CONF SYMP PAP PY 2003 VL 17 BP 232 EP 240 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBN35 UT WOS:000226277800030 ER PT J AU Civerolo, KL Mao, HT Rao, ST AF Civerolo, KL Mao, HT Rao, ST TI The airshed for ozone and fine particulate pollution in the eastern United States SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Air Quality Management CY NOV, 1999 CL BRUNEI DE ozone; fine particulate matter; trajectory analysis; space and time scales; photochemical modeling ID AIR-QUALITY; TIME-SERIES; TRAJECTORIES; TRANSPORT; EPISODE; SCALES AB To examine the spatial scales associated with atmospheric pollutants Such as ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we employ the following five techniques: (1) Analysis of the persistence of high O-3 concentrations aloft; (2) spatial and lag correlations between the short-term components (i.e., weather-induced variations) in the time series of O-3 and PM2.5 throughout the eastern United States; (3) analysis of mixed-layer forward trajectories compiled at different locations on a climatological basis to identify the potential region covered in 1-day of atmospheric transport; (4) analysis of three-dimensional Lagrangian trajectories of tracer particles for three high-O-3 episode events in the summer of 1995; and (5) analysis of the spatial extent over which emissions have an impact through photochemical model simulations. Regardless of the method chosen, the results demonstrate that pollutants such as O-3 and PM2.5 have the potential to affect regions having spatial scales of several hundred kilometers. This finding has implications to regulatory policies for addressing the pollution problem, and for optimally designing monitoring networks for such pollutants. C1 New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Air Resources, Bur Air Res, Albany, NY 12233 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00024-003-8767-6 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 623PD UT WOS:000179711300007 ER PT J AU Kuehl, DW Rozynov, B AF Kuehl, DW Rozynov, B TI Chromatographic and mass spectral studies of perfluorooctanesulfonate and three perfluorooctanesulfonamides SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM; SULFONATE; FLUORIDE AB The chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and three nitrogen-substituted perfluorooctanesulfonamides have been obtained. A methyl/phenyl mixed-phase fused-silica capillary column was used for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses, while a C18 reversed-phase microbore column was used for liquid chromatographic (LC) analyses. Mass (MS) and tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra were generated using electron ionization (EI), argon CE, methane positive and negative ion Cl, and ES ionization modes. El spectra of the amides showed ions characteristic of both the fluorinated hydrocarbon and the sulfonamide portion of the molecules. The fragmentation pathway was studied using hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and was thought to involve a cyclic intermediate ion. Formation of molecular ions by CE and protonated molecule ions by Cl to obtain molecular weight information was only partially successful. Negative ion ES-MS spectra provided intense [M-H](-) anions for the amides, and an [M-K](-) anion for PFOS from which molecular weight information could be obtained, while ES-MS/MS produced product ions that could be used to detect the presence of these compounds in biological or environmental samples. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Aspen Res Corp, White Bear Lake, MN 55110 USA. RP Kuehl, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 20 BP 2364 EP 2369 DI 10.1002/rcm.1181 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 731CT UT WOS:000185867500020 PM 14558140 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT TI Pacific northwest salmon: Forecasting their status in 2100 SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; COLUMBIA-RIVER BASIN; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; POPULATION-GROWTH; ATLANTIC SALMON; CONSERVATION AB Throughout the Pacific Northwest (northern California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and the Columbia Basin portion of British Columbia), many wild salmon stocks (a group of interbreeding individuals that is roughly equivalent to a "population") have declined and some have disappeared. Substantial efforts have been made to restore some runs of wild salmon, but few have shown much success. Society's failure to restore wild salmon is a policy conundrum characterized by: (1) claims by a strong majority to be supportive of restoring wild salmon runs; (2) competing societal priorities which are at least partially mutually exclusive; (3) the region's rapidly growing human Population and its pressure on all natural resources (including salmon and their habitats); (4) entrenched policy stances in the salmon restoration debate, usually Supported by established bureaucracies; (5) society's expectation that experts should be able to solve the salmon problem by using a technological scheme and without massive cultural or economic sacrifices (e.g., life style changes); (6) use of experts and scientific "facts" by political proponents to bolster their policy positions; (7) inability of salmon scientists to avoid being placed in particular policy or political camps; and (8) confusion in discussing policy options caused by Couching policy preferences in scientific terms or imperatives rather than value-based criteria. Even with definitive scientific knowledge, which will never be complete or certain, restoring most wild salmon runs in the Pacific Northwest to historic levels will be arduous and will entail substantial economic costs and social disruption required. Ultimate success cannot be assured. Given the appreciable costs and social dislocation, coupled with the dubious probability of success, candid public dialog is warranted to decide whether restoration of wild salmon is an appropriate, Much less feasible, public policy objective. Provided with a genuine assessment of the necessary economic costs and social implications required for restoration, it is questionable whether a majority of the public would opt for the pervasive measures that appear necessary for restoring many runs of wild salmon. Through the 21(st) century, I conclude that there will continue to be appreciable annual variation in the size of salmon runs, accompanied by the decadal trends in run size caused by periodic changes in climatic and oceanic conditions, but many, perhaps most, stocks of wild salmon in the Pacific Northwest likely will remain at their current low levels or continue to decline in spite of heroic, expensive, and socially turbulent attempts at restoration. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 143 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 28 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 88 DI 10.1080/16226510390856529 PG 54 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 662ZE UT WOS:000181979100003 ER PT J AU Allen-Gil, SM Ford, J Lasorsa, BK Monetti, M Vlasova, T Landers, DH AF Allen-Gil, SM Ford, J Lasorsa, BK Monetti, M Vlasova, T Landers, DH TI Heavy metal contamination in the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberian Arctic SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; metals; vegetation; fish; sediment; Russia ID FRESH-WATER FISH; HYLOCOMIUM-SPLENDENS; LAKES; LEAD; SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; RUSSIA AB The Taimyr Peninsula is directly north of the world's largest heavy, metal smelting complex (Norilsk, Russia). Despite this proximity, there has been little research to examine the extent of contamination of the Taimyr Peninsula. We analyzed heavy metal concentrations in lichen (Cetraria cucullata), moss (Hylocomium splendens), soils, lake sediment, freshwater fish (Salvelinus alpinus, Lota Iota and Coregonus spp.) and collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus) from 13 sites between 30 and 300 kin from Norilsk. Element concentrations were low in both C cucullata and H. splendens, although concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, Ni and Pb were significantly higher than those in Arctic Alaska, probably due to natural differences in the geochemical environments. Inorganic surface soils had significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Zn, Ph and Mg than inorganic soils at depth, although a lake sediment core from the eastern Taimyr Peninsula indicated no recent enrichment by atmospherically transported elements. Tissue concentrations of heavy metals in fish and lemming were not elevated relative to other Arctic sites. Our results show that the impact of the Norilsk smelting complex is primarily localized rather than regional, and does not extend northward beyond 100 km. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Batelle Marine Sci Labs, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Environm Measurements Lab, Dept Energy, New York, NY 10014 USA. Extreme N Res Inst, Norilsk 663302, Russia. US EPA, NHREEL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Allen-Gil, SM (reprint author), Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 138 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00295-4 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00295-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639EW UT WOS:000180615500012 PM 12493191 ER PT J AU Whitman, CT AF Whitman, CT TI Treasured waters: Our nation's coastal and ocean waters SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Whitman, CT (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 639JA UT WOS:000180623800018 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR Vigo, CB AF Bland, JM Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR Vigo, CB TI Detection of termite cuticular hydrocarbons by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ROLES; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR AB Solid phase microextraction (SPME) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used as an alternative method for the detection and identification of termite cuticular hydrocarbons. In comparison to the hexane extraction method, two SPME methods, headspace-SPME and direct contact-SPME were used to show the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Reticulitermes flavipes, and Kalotermes opproximatus Snyder. Differences between caste members (workers, soldiers, and alates) of C. formosanus are also shown. The sexes of alates and four colonies of C. formosanus were found to have little differences. The headspace-SPME method was also shown to identify other compounds of interest such as fatty acids. Using the direct contact-SPME method, termites were continuously studied over time to monitor chemical changes, showing a periodicity in the production of cuticular hydrocarbons with a two hour cycle. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. US EPA, Environm Chem Lab, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. RP Bland, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700011 ER PT J AU Barko, VA Feldhamer, GA Nicholson, MC Davie, DK AF Barko, VA Feldhamer, GA Nicholson, MC Davie, DK TI Urban habitat: A determinant of white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) abundance in southern Illinois SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SMALL MAMMALS; FOREST; SHAPE AB The objective of this study was to assess whether differences in abundance of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were related to habitat features within and surrounding 60 sampled bottomland forest patches. Habitat features included patch size, patch shape, and landuse within a 300-m buffer surrounding each patch. During 18,000 trap nights, we captured 1,308 white-footed mice within approximately 3,110 ha of bottomland forest. Type of habitat surrounding a patch was a significant determinant of white-footed mouse abundance. Sample sites where less than 10 individuals were captured were surrounded by a large percentage of upland deciduous forest and a low percentage of urban/ other habitats. Sample sites where 30 or more individuals were captured were surrounded by a large percentage of urban/other habitats and a small percentage of upland deciduous forest. Sites where 10-29 individuals were captured were surrounded by intermediate amounts of upland deciduous forest and urban/other habitat. Although deciduous forest is necessary, it may not be the primary determinant of white-footed mouse abundance. Unsuitable habitat may surround and create islands of high density from which successful dispersion is difficult. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Open River Field Stn, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. So Illinois Univ, Morris Lib, Div Lib Affairs, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Barko, VA (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Open River Field Stn, 3815 E Jackson Blvd, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0369:UHADOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728LT UT WOS:000185719200005 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA AF Etterson, MA TI An observation of singing by a female-plumaged Canada Warbler SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB I report an observation of singing by a Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) in basic or female plumage. The individual was observed three times over a period of 5 days. The timing of the observation in the annual cycle of this species suggests this to be the first reported example of singing by a female Canada Warbler. Previous reports of female song in the congeneric Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) and Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) support this inference. C1 Mt Lake Biol Stn, Pembroke, VA 24136 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0419:AOOSBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728LT UT WOS:000185719200009 ER PT J AU Venosa, AD Zhu, XQ AF Venosa, AD Zhu, XQ TI Biodegradation of crude oil contaminating marine shorelines and freshwater wetlands SO SPILL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE bioremediation; biodegradation; crude oil; contamination; weathering; shorelines; wetlands ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SPILL BIOREMEDIATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL CULTURES; PETROLEUM; ALKANES; ENVIRONMENTS; OXIDATION; NAKHODKA; AGENT AB This paper is a summary of the various factors influencing weathering of oil after it has been released into the environment from a spill incident. Special emphasis has been placed on biodegradation processes. Results from two field studies conducted in 1994 and 1999 involving bioremediation of an experimental oil spill on a marine sandy shoreline in Delaware and a freshwater wetland on the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada have been presented in the paper. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov; zhuxi@email.uc.edu NR 88 TC 79 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-2561 J9 SPILL SCI TECHNOL B JI Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00019-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 705GM UT WOS:000184387400008 ER PT J AU Nichols, WJ AF Nichols, WJ TI An overview of the USEPA National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Subpart J Product Schedule (40 CFR 300.900) SO SPILL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Product Schedule; dispersants; surface washing agents (SWA); chemical sorbents AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency manages the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Subpart J Product Schedule (40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 300.900) which list dispersants, surface washing agents (SWAs), bioremediation agents, surface collecting agents, and miscellaneous oil spill control agents (MOSCA) that may be used in response to oil spills on land and on or near waters of the US, depending on the product and its proper application. Over the last few years, alternative oil spill response methods have been gaining in acceptance and use in the field among first responders, industry, state and federal agencies, Congress, and the entire oil spill response community. EPA sets policy and guidance for the proper use and authority to use these products within its jurisdiction. Manufacturers and vendors of these products have become more aware of this acceptance evidenced by the frequency that EPA is contacted to provide information on the listing process and EPA policy regarding their use. The number of applications to add new products to the Subpart J Product Schedule has increased over the last few year. Subpart J is very prescriptive and specific in directing manufacturers to perform the proper tests using the proper protocols, yet many applications are rejected or need modification due to errors in testing procedures or data reporting. This paper will address the data needed to list a product under each category and will clarify issues related to the Product Schedule. It will also address the policies that EPA uses to enforce the Subpart 3 regulation. The author has managed the Product Schedule for over five years and his experience and expertise regarding the issues surrounding alternative countermeasures will be covered briefly. Dispersants, SWAs, chemical sorbents, and other technologies have sparked controversy and confusion in all regions and areas of the US, and in some cases internationally. Many research efforts have added to the baseline knowledge we have about dispersants and bioremediation agents' toxicity, efficacy, and proper use, but conflicts still arise as that data is interpreted and applied in the field. The reader will have a better understanding of why and how alternative countermeasures are required to be listed and describe the authority to use them based on EPA policy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All right reserved. C1 US EPA, Oil Program Ctr 5203G, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Nichols, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Oil Program Ctr 5203G, Crystal Gateway 1,1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-2561 J9 SPILL SCI TECHNOL B JI Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5-6 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00058-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 724TL UT WOS:000185502700017 ER PT B AU Ellis, LL AF Ellis, LL GP STC STC TI Creating a template for a large web site: The US EPA Web branding experience SO STC'S 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Technical-Communication CY MAY 18-21, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP Soc Tech Commun AB Staff at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency created a template then steadily converted Web pages to achieve a "corporate face" for www.EPA.gov, the Agency's Internet site. Management and maintenance of Agency Web pages rests among the technical subject matter and administrative experts within headquarters, program, and regional offices and laboratories - rather than centralized. Template design, deployment and conversion involved many employees and contractors nationwide, and took almost one year. As of February 1, more than 90% of EPA's Internet pages comply with the template, and staff continue improvements to the Agency's public Web resources. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 N STUART ST, SUITE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203-1854 USA BN 1-891709-15-1 PY 2003 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Communication; Management SC Communication; Business & Economics GA BW89B UT WOS:000183492200067 ER PT S AU McDonald, NC Porter, CD Gorham, R AF McDonald, NC Porter, CD Gorham, R GP TRB TI Availability of travel forecasting methods and data for air quality planning in developing countries SO SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN TRANSPORTATION 2003: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Many developing-country cities are experiencing severe air quality problems as a result of rapidly increasing vehicle use and highly polluting vehicles. Yet, data availability and modeling capabilities to support travel and emissions forecasting in developing countries are limited. One result is that policies that affect travel demand cannot be properly evaluated or are overlooked as solutions to air quality problems. Exploratory research to determine the need for and feasibility of developing a "sketch plan" travel forecasting method that can be applied in developing-country cities is described. Outreach to practitioners and researchers was undertaken to identify the extent of existing transportation data availability and forecasting capabilities. The research revealed a broad range of capabilities. Less-developed countries-including most countries in Africa and some in Asia and Latin America-often have no formalized forecasting approach, little data (which may be of suspect quality), and no institutional structure to support data collection or forecasting. Some of the more developed countries-especially in Southeast Asia and Latin America-have capabilities approaching or equal to those of western countries. The results suggest that, in many developing countries, there is a need for as well as interest in a simple tool for forecasting travel demand that minimizes data inputs and user requirements. Existing sketch-plan methods used in developed countries were also reviewed for potential application to developing countries. Because of significant differences between developed- and developing-country contexts and issues, however, a tool appropriate for developing-country cities probably would need to be developed from scratch. C1 Cambridge Systemat Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Cambridge Systemat Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McDonald, NC (reprint author), Cambridge Systemat Inc, 1300 Clay St, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. OI McDonald, Noreen/0000-0002-4854-7035 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08596-9 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1859 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BY66H UT WOS:000189433200014 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E Varma, RS AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E Varma, RS TI Ultrasound-assisted epoxidation of olefins and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones over hydrotalcites using hydrogen peroxide SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ultrasound-assisted reactions; olefin epoxidation-1; hydrotalcites ID ELECTRON-DEFICIENT ALKENES; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; ALPHA-ISOPHORONE; GREEN CHEMISTRY; MICROWAVE; OXIDATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; ACCELERATION; ALCOHOLS AB An efficient ultrasound-assisted epoxidation of olefins and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones over hydrotalcite catalysts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile is described. This general and selective protocol is relatively fast and is applicable to a wide variety of substrates. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sahle-Demessie.Endalkachew@epa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2017 EP 2027 DI 10.1081/SCC-120021028 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 699BM UT WOS:000184036100006 ER PT B AU Reisman, DJ Gusek, JJ Bishop, M AF Reisman, DJ Gusek, JJ Bishop, M GP AA BALKEMA AA BALKEMA TI A pre-treatability study to provide data for construction of a demonstration bioreactor SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '03 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL VAIL, CO AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been studying possible alternatives for remediation of mines, tailings, and acid rock drainage (ARD)/leachate. Because of the sheer number and size of the abandoned mines in the western United States, there is an immediate need to find remedial technologies to treat these wastes that are economical, require little or no power, and require infrequent maintenance. ARD is one of the largest and costliest contaminants entering US. surface and sub-surface waterways, and it affects many water bodies in remote areas of the West. This paper reviews a pre-treatability study on the leachate from the Luttrell Repository in the Tenmile Creek basin in Montana. A primary treatability/demonstration study was planned to evaluate the feasibility of using sulfate-reducing bioreactors (SRBR) to treat the leachate passively. This paper will present data on the biological and chemical behavior in four SRBR test cells, the response of the cells to seven weeks of overloading, and the logic behind the selection of the "optimum" mix for the demonstration SRBR substrate. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Reisman, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-593-2 PY 2003 BP 305 EP 315 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BX88A UT WOS:000186710100036 ER PT B AU Lewis, NM Wangerud, KW Park, BT Fundingsland, SD Jonas, J AF Lewis, NM Wangerud, KW Park, BT Fundingsland, SD Jonas, J GP AA BALKEMA AA BALKEMA TI Anchor hill pit lake two-stage in situ treatment, Gilt Edge Mine Superfund site, South Dakota, USA SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '03 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL VAIL, CO AB The EPA Region VIII Superfund office and the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP) are conducting a field-scale technology demonstration of a two-stage in situ treatment of the Anchor Hill Pit lake at the Gilt Edge Mine Superfund site near Deadwood, South Dakota. The project goal is to develop cost and performance data of the treatment approach for potential application in long-term water treatment/management activities at the Gilt Edge site, as well as potential application at other similar sites. The Anchor Hill Pit initially contained approximately 265 000 m(3) of acidic mine water, with elevated metals, sulfate, and nitrate content and a pH of approximately 3. The first step of the two-stage in situ treatment consisted of using a Neutra-Mill (developed in Australia, licensed to Shepherd-Miller, Inc. in US.) to neutralize the pit pH to approximately 7 using lime, accomplished between late March and early May 2001. After a stabilization period, a patented process for in situ pit lake treatment using an organic formulation of molasses, methanol, and proprietary ingredients was implemented in the pit by Green World Science, Inc. in late May 2001 to create reducing conditions; stimulate bacterial activity for nitrate, selenium, and sulfate reduction; improve water quality; and create a stable system. Additional neutralizing reagent was added in September 2002. Additional organic dosages have occurred in October 2001, April 2002, and September 2002. As of June 2003, bacterial activity has reduced nitrate concentrations to non-detectable levels and bacterial sulfate reduction has been initiated, with associated decreases in metals concentrations. The pit lake has become a meromictic lake with a chemocline at a depth of approximately 10 meters. Quarterly monitoring of pit water quality and annual monitoring of pit sediment is ongoing, and is planned to continue through the summer of 2003. This paper will describe project activities, results, and lessons-learned to-date as well as future plans. The MWTP is funded by the US. EPA and is jointly administered by the EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under DOE contract number DEAC22-96EW96405. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lewis, NM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-593-2 PY 2003 BP 345 EP 357 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BX88A UT WOS:000186710100042 ER PT B AU Davenport, TE Kirschner, L AF Davenport, TE Kirschner, L GP ASAE TI An evaluation framework for NPS TMDL implementation SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE adaptive management; TMDLs; NPS implementation plans; evaluation; indicators AB A missing element in most approved TMDLs is an evaluation component. TMDLs identify the point source and nonpoint source load reductions necessary to achieve water quality standards. The point source load reductions are implemented and monitored through the NPDES Program. The nonpoint source load reductions to be achieved are identified by pollutant source or subwatershed. A water quality-based watershed plan that provides the implementation details also needs to be developed to support the achievement of the necessary NPS reductions. The plan identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that will be supported, necessary information and education activities, monitoring effort, implementation schedule, cost (administrative, technical and financial incentives), and responsibilities. In order to ensure the necessary nonpoint source load reductions are achieved, an adaptive management approach is recommended for inclusion in the watershed management plan. The most defensible measure of the watershed management effort's performance is a well-designed and implemented monitoring effort that examines statistically the relationship between the project's activities and changes in water quality. Monitoring during the nonpoint source implementation phase of a TMDL is done primarily to ensure the management plan is correctly carried out. The monitoring results should be able to check if assumptions about the direct, indirect and cumulative effects of management activities on resources are valid. Thus, the monitoring effort is the key element in the adaptive management of a watershed. There are five common designs utilized in watershed monitoring. Each design relies on a different level and intensity of monitoring and answers different questions at various levels of confidence. The watershed level monitoring effort enables the implementing entity and the public to measure progress toward meeting pollutant load reductions. Since there is a lag time between when BMPs are installed and water quality improvements can be expected, evaluation of NPS implementation needs to be more than just water quality monitoring. At a minimum, NPS TMDL evaluations' should consist of a mixture of administrative social and environmental measures, Establishing an Evaluation Framework will provide the basis for organizing a monitoring and assessment effort to collect, analyze and utilize data to not only document what has been accomplished, but to improve ongoing implementation. The combination of administrative, social and environmental measures provides the crucial information for guiding management decisions through successive iterations of the adaptive management cycle. This paper will present a "TWDL Evaluation Framework" in support of the implementation of a NPS TWDL. C1 US EPA, Natl NPS Expert, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Davenport, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl NPS Expert, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400059 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR DeVito, MJ Ross, D Bryant, PL Schmid, JE AF Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR DeVito, MJ Ross, D Bryant, PL Schmid, JE TI EGF and TGF-alpha expression influence the developmental toxicity of TCDD: Dose response and AhR phenotype in EGF, TGF-alpha, and EGF plus TGF-alpha knockout mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hydronephrosis; cleft palate; EGF; TGF-alpha; EGF receptor; TCDD ID GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; CYP1A1 MESSENGER-RNA; FACTOR RECEPTOR; CLEFT-PALATE; GENETIC-VARIATION; MOUSE; LIP; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; AMPHIREGULIN; ASSOCIATION AB The environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produces cleft palate (CP) and hydronephrosis (HN) in mice. The etiology of these defects involves hyperproliferation of epithelial cells of the secondary palatal shelf and ureter, respectively. These effects correlate with altered expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). In this study, the developmental toxicity of TCDD was examined in EGF, TGF-alpha, and double EGF + TGF-alpha knockout (-/-) and wild type (WT) mice. The influence of background genetics in responsiveness to TCDD was examined using liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Animals were dosed by gavage with 0, 0.2, 1, 5, 24, 50, 100, or 150 mug TCDD/kg (5 ml/kg) body weight on gestation day 12. The mixed genetic background of WT, EGF (-/-), and EGF + TGF-alpha (-/-) made these mice less responsive to TCDD relative to C57BL/6J and TGF-alpha (-/-), which have a C57BL background. These results show that EGF and TGF-a are not required for response to TCDD; however, the specific ligand available to bind EGFR affects the responsiveness to TCDD. EGF (-/-) mice are less responsive for CP, but more sensitive to HN. TGF-alpha (-/-) mice were similar to WT in sensitivity for induction of CP and HN. The responses of EGF + TGF-alpha (-/-) mice were like the WT except at higher doses where sensitivity to CP increased, suggesting that the responses may be mediated by alternative ligands for EGFR that are not functional equivalents of EGF or TGF-alpha. In conclusion, the EGFR pathway is mechanistically important in responses of the embryo to TCDD. Specific ligands confer sensitivity or resistance that are target tissue-dependent. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Hlth Care Res Ctr, Mason, OH 45040 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Bldg Room 2109,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1093/toxsci/71.1.84 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 634VT UT WOS:000180363000010 PM 12520078 ER PT J AU Roberts, RA Goodman, JI Shertzer, HG Dalton, TP Farland, WH AF Roberts, RA Goodman, JI Shertzer, HG Dalton, TP Farland, WH TI Rodent toxicity and nongenotoxic carcinogenesis: Knowledge-based human risk assessment based on molecular mechanisms SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; chloroform; dioxin; mechanism; mode of action; nongenotoxic carcinogenesis; peroxisome proliferators; risk assessment ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; DOSE INFLUENCES MECHANISM; CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; COA OXIDASE GENE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; AH RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS AB It is necessary to determine whether chemicals or drugs have the potential to pose a threat to human health. Chemicals that can damage DNA are detected in short-term assays, but the detection of nongenotoxic carcinogens relies upon bioassays in laboratory animals. However, there are marked differences between rodents and humans in response to nongenotoxic carcinogens, which makes the relevance of rodent data to human risk assessment questionable. Here, we address the background issues concerning rodent nongenotoxic carcinogenesis and then focus upon peroxisome proliferators, chloroform, and dioxins as examples of toxicants that cause rodent-specific oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and the suppression of apoptosis. In the case of peroxisome proliferators and dioxins, this response is receptor-mediated. The evidence presented suggests that, at least for some toxicants, the molecular mechanisms of the rodent carcinogenic responses do not operate in humans; this is discussed in the context of human risk assessment. Finally, consideration is given to incorporating mechanism-based information into risk assessment for regulatory purposes. C1 Aventis Pharma, Ctr Rech Paris, F-94403 Vitry Sur Seine, France. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Roberts, RA (reprint author), Aventis Pharma, Ctr Rech Paris, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, F-94403 Vitry Sur Seine, France. EM ruth.roberts@aventis.com NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1537-6516 EI 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1080/15376520390178175 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 637JZ UT WOS:000180509100003 PM 20021179 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Teuschler, LK Swartout, JC Striley, CAF Snawder, JE AF Lipscomb, JC Teuschler, LK Swartout, JC Striley, CAF Snawder, JE TI Variance of microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 2E1 and 3A forms in adult human liver SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; extrapolation; human liver; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment ID IN-VIVO; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; METABOLISM; VITRO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; POLYMORPHISM; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES AB Differences in the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics among humans makes them differentially susceptible to risk. Differences in enzyme content can mediate pharmacokinetic differences. Microsomal protein is often isolated from liver to characterize enzyme content and activity, but no measures exist to extrapolate these data to the intact liver. Measures were developed from up to 60 samples of adult human liver to characterize the content of microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Statistical evaluations are necessary to estimate values far from the mean value. Adult human liver contains 52.9 +/- 1.476 mg microsomal protein per g; 2587 +/- 1.84 pmoles CYP2E1 per g; and 5237 +/- 2.214 pmols CYP3A per g (geometric mean +/- geometric standard deviation). These values are useful for identifying and testing susceptibility as a function of enzyme content when used to extrapolate in vitro rates of chemical metabolism for input to physiologically based pharmacokinetic models which can then be exercised to quantify the effect of variance in enzyme expression on risk-relevant pharmacokinetic outcomes. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MD-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1080/15376520390178193 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 637JZ UT WOS:000180509100006 PM 20021182 ER PT J AU Spiegel, RJ Preston, JL AF Spiegel, RJ Preston, JL TI Technical assessment of fuel cell operation on anaerobic digester gas at the Yonkers, NY, wastewater treatment plant SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the results of a 2-year field test to assess the performance of a specially modified commercial phosphoric acid 200-kW fuel cell power plant to recover energy from anaerobic digester gas (ADG) which has been cleansed of contaminants (sulfur and halide compounds) using a patented gas pretreatment unit (GPU). Specific project goals include characterization of the fuel cell power plant emissions and verification of the GPU performance for removing sulfur contaminants. To remove halide contaminants from the ADG, a halide guard, consisting of a vessel with a metal oxide supported on alumina, was incorporated into the fuel cell reactant supply. This first-of-a-kind demonstration was conducted at the Yonkers, NY, wastewater treatment plant, a sewage processing facility owned and operated by Westchester County. Results have demonstrated that the ADG fuel cell power plant can produce electrical output levels close to full power (200 kW) with negligible air emissions of CO, NOx, and SO2. The GPU removed virtually 100% of H2S and 88% of organic sulfur, bringing the overall sulfur removal efficiency of the GPU to over 99%. The halide guard removed up to 96% of the halides exiting the GPU. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. HydrogenSource LLC, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Spiegel, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 8 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00165-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733QN UT WOS:000186012300004 PM 14522189 ER PT J AU Iino, F Takasuga, T Touati, A Gullett, BK AF Iino, F Takasuga, T Touati, A Gullett, BK TI Correlations between homologue concentrations of PCDD/Fs and toxic equivalency values in laboratory-, package boiler-, and field-scale incinerators SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; FLY-ASH; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; STACK GAS; MODEL; PREDICTION; FACILITIES; MECHANISM AB The toxic equivalency (TEQ) values of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are predicted with a model based on the homologue concentrations measured from a laboratory-scale reactor (124 data points), a package boiler (61 data points), and operating municipal waste incinerators (114 data points). Regardless of the three scales and types of equipment, the different temperature profiles, sampling emissions and/or solids (fly ash), and the various chemical and physical properties of the fuels, all the PCDF plots showed highly linear correlations (R-2 > 0.99). The fitting lines of the reactor and the boiler data were almost linear with slope of unity, whereas the slope of the municipal waste incinerator data was 0.86, which is caused by higher predicted values for samples with high measured TEQ. The strong correlation also implies that each of the 10 toxic PCDF congeners has a constant concentration relative to its respective total homologue concentration despite a wide range of facility types and combustion conditions. The PCDD plots showed significant scatter and poor linearity, which implies that the relative concentration of PCDD TEQ congeners is more sensitive to variations in reaction conditions than that of the PCDF congeners. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Shimadzu Technores Inc, Nakagyo Ku, Kyoto 6048436, Japan. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Iino, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci, Res Ctr Chem Risk Management, Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 8 BP 729 EP 736 AR PII S0956-053X(02)00146-0 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00146-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733QN UT WOS:000186012300006 PM 14522191 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC Goodrich, JA AF Sidle, WC Goodrich, JA TI Denitrification efficiency in groundwater adjacent to ditches within constructed riparian wetlands: Kankakee watershed, Illinois-Indiana, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE isotope; Kankakee watershed; nitrate; riparian wetland ID NITRATE; NITROGEN; REMOVAL; AQUIFER; ORIGIN; OXYGEN; ZONES; N-15 AB Dual isotope evaluations of NO3- in groundwater adjacent to ditches within constructed riparian wetlands across the Kankakee watershed may assist the determination of denitrification efficiency. Groundwater sampling indicates that NO3--N exceeded 10 mg L-1 in constructed riparian wetlands but not in native wetlands within the riparian zones of the Kankakee basin. An apparent local empirical threshold for nitrification occurs in groundwater near ditches with less then 1:11 depth to width dimensions within similar hydrogeology. The N-15 and O-18 composition of groundwater nitrate varies widely in these constructed riparian wetlands. Groundwater nitrate associated with broader ditches (e.g. 1:35) most closely matches the denitrification isotope signature of native riparian wetlands in the basin. The geometry of various cut and fill landforms may need evaluation in engineering designs for constructed riparian wetlands to ensure the establishment of local natural groundwater flow conditions for efficient nitrate attenuation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PY 2003 VL 144 IS 1 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1023/A:1022962127801 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 659FR UT WOS:000181767100024 ER PT J AU Kaste, O Stoddard, JL Henriksen, A AF Kaste, O Stoddard, JL Henriksen, A TI Implication of lake water residence time on the classification of Norwegian surface water sites into progressive stages of nitrogen saturation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE classification; hydrochemistry; lakes; nitrogen deposition; nitrate leaching; nitrogen saturation; residence time; seasonal variations; streams ID NORWAY; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION; RETENTION AB Seasonal behaviour of NO3- in surface water is often used as an indicator on a catchment's ability to retain N from atmospheric deposition. In this paper, we classify 12 pristine sites (five streams and seven lakes) in southernmost Norway according to the N saturation stage concept. All examined sites were acid-sensitive and had annual mean NO3- concentrations in the range 6-36 mueq L-1. At lake sites with relatively long water residence times, hydrology will have a damping effect on the seasonal NO3- oscillations in the outlet streams. Under given runoff conditions (1.0-2.2 m yr(-1)), the seasonal NO3- pattern was clearly affected when lake: catchment area ratios exceeded 0.15 and the total residence time of lakes in the catchments exceeded 0.3 yr. In such cases, annual mean NO3- concentration rather than seasonal variations may be the better indicator of N saturation. To account for this we propose a set of supplementary criteria for such lake systems, defining limit values for annual mean NO3- concentrations within each stage class. Before being applied on a broader scale, however, we recommend an examination of additional lake-dominated catchments representing a larger gradient in ecosystem types, N deposition levels and hydrologic regimes. When applying the supplementary criteria on the Norwegian sites, two were classified as stage 0 (no saturation), five as stage 1 (early stage of saturation) and five as stage 2 (saturated - moderate N loss). No sites were showing symptoms of stage 3, which characterises watersheds that are net sources of N, rather than sinks. The results indicate a great variability in N retention capacity in the study region, despite the fact that many of the catchments experience relatively uniform N deposition amounts and climatic conditions. This suggests that much of this variability must be due to specific catchment characteristics as e.g. soil type, soil depth, and vegetation cover. C1 Norwegian Inst Water Res, So Branch, N-4879 Grimstad, Norway. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. RP Kaste, O (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res, So Branch, N-4879 Grimstad, Norway. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1-4 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1023/A:1022015814800 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 651CZ UT WOS:000181303900025 ER PT J AU Borst, M Selvakumar, A AF Borst, M Selvakumar, A TI Particle-associated microorganisms in stormwater runoff SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stormwater runoff; particle-associated microorganisms; blending; Camper's solution; particle size; chemical addition ID BACTERIA AB This research investigated the effects of blending and chemical addition before analysis of the concentration of microorganisms in stormwater runoff from a single summer storm to determine whether clumped or particle-associated organisms play a significant role. The standard membrane filtration method was used to enumerate the microorganisms. All organisms, except for Escherichia coli, showed an increase in the measured concentration after blending samples at 22,000 rpm with or without the chemical mixture. Other than fecal streptococci, the organism concentrations decreased with the addition of the Camper's solution in both blended and unblended samples before analyses. There was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of Camper's solution and the effects of blending for all the organisms tested, except for total coliform. Blending did not alter the mean particle size significantly. The results show no correlation between increased total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus concentrations and the mean particle size. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Selvakumar, A (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, MS-104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 215 EP 223 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00244-0 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00244-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 616RJ UT WOS:000179316500022 PM 12465803 ER PT J AU Vicory, A Staniskis, J Heath, J Davenport, T AF Vicory, A Staniskis, J Heath, J Davenport, T TI Building capacity of the Baltic States to meet the EU Water Framework Directive through watershed demonstration projects SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Specialized Conference on Watershed and River Basin Management CY SEP 11-13, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE Baltic countries; demonstration projects; EU Framework Directive; Kaliningrad; transboundary; watersheds AB The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), in cooperation with the United States EPA, is completing it role in assisting the Baltic Countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia with watershed management capacity building demonstration projects under the Great Lakes/Baltic Sea Partnership Program. The Countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania view the skills gained through this program as important to their objective of complying with the European Union's Water Framework Directive and thus facilitating accession into the European Union. The program also addressed Kaliningrad's desire to work cooperatively with their neighboring countries concerning shared waters. Three watershed demonstration projects were designed and implemented, two of which involved joint country efforts: Parnu River (Estonia) modeling for nutrients and bacteria survey; river basin assessment and management planning for the Lielupe Basin (Latvia and Lithuania); and data base development and cooperative water quality survey and analysis for the Sesupe River (Lithuania and Kaliningrad). The benefits of the projects include enhancing the country's technical skills and the forging of relationships, without which achieving effective watershed management will be difficult to achieve. C1 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. Kaunan Univ Technol, Inst Environm Engn, LT-3000 Kaunas, Lithuania. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. US EPA, Reg 5, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Vicory, A (reprint author), Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, 5735 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. EM avicory@orsanco.org; jurgis.staniskis@apini.ktu.lt; jheath@orsanco.org; davenport.thomas@epa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 765JD UT WOS:000188262600002 PM 15137146 ER PT J AU Montel, MLT Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Montel, MLT Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Production of biopesticides using wastewater sludge as a raw material - effect of process parameters SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IWA Specialized Conference on Environmental Biotechnology CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND SP IWA DE Bacillus thuringiensis; bioconversion of sludge; biopesticide; sludge disposal; sludge utilisation; spruce budworm; wastewater sludge ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GROWTH; SPORULATION; MEDIA; H-14 AB Production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticide was studied using hydrolysed or raw wastewater sludge as a raw material. The sludge hydrolysis was carried out at different pH (2, 4 and 6). The sludge after hydrolysis was sterilised at 121degreesC for 30 minutes. The effect of temperature, pH and agitation speed on growth and toxin production was also investigated. The pH in the shake flask was controlled by adding 0.1 M TRIS buffer. they progress of the biopesticide production process was monitored by measuring viable cell count (VC), spore count (SC) and entomotoxicity (Tx). The entomotoxicity was measured against spruce bud Norm. Control of pH substantially increased the entomotoxicity of the final product. Increased agitation speed resulted in higher VC, SC and Tx values. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. US Environm Protect Agcy, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Montel, MLT (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 2700 Rue Einstein, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-eau.uquebec.ca NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 755UZ UT WOS:000187431000030 ER PT J AU Pruden, A Sedran, M Suidan, M Venosa, A AF Pruden, A Sedran, M Suidan, M Venosa, A TI Biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in an aerobic fluidized bed reactor SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Water Assoc DE biodegradation; BTEX; DGGE; fluidized bed'reactor; MTBE; PM1 ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; MIXTURES; CULTURE AB An aerobic fluidized bed reactor (FBR) was operated for the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) from Water. The reactor was seeded with a mixed culture adapted to MTBE. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as the biological attachment medium. Influent MTBE to the reactor was 7.8 mg/L MTBE, with a flow rate of 22.7 L/day, and an empty bed contact time of 1 hour. The acclimation period required was relatively short, about 30 days before reaching an average stable effluent concentration of 18.5 +/- 10 mug/L. BTEX was introduced to the feed at an equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) as the MTBE at day 225 and was biodegraded spontaneously with no apparent acclimation period required. The average influent of each of the four BTEX compounds was about 2 mg/L, and the range of the average effluent concentrations was 1.4-2.2 mug/L. After achieving 180 days of stable performance with BTEX addition, the total flow rate to the reactor was gradually increased by 20% increments to 160% of the original flow (36.4 L/day). Increases by 20% and 40% had no apparent effect on reactor performance, but increase by 60% required 30 days before effluent quality returned to previous values. Composition of the culture, was monitored throughout operation of the reactor using denaturing. gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The culture consisted of Flavobacteria-Cytophaga and organisms with high similarity to the known MTBE degrader PM1. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pruden, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 695PE UT WOS:000183838800018 PM 12830950 ER PT J AU Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC Simpson, JM Sloss, B Reasoner, DJ AF Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC Simpson, JM Sloss, B Reasoner, DJ TI Molecular characterization of bacteria inhabiting a water distribution system simulator SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IWA Biofouling Monitoring Conference CY MAR, 2002 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL SP IWA DE ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; biofilms; chloramine; drinking water; 16-S rDNA AB The objective of this study was to monitor the impact of chlorination and chloramination treatments on heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inhabiting a water distribution system simulator. HB densities decreased while AOB densities increased when chloramine was added. AOB densities decreased below detection limits after the disinfection treatment was switched back to chlorination. The presence of AOB was confirmed using a group-specific 16S rDNA-PCR method. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that most bacterial isolates from feed water, discharge water, and biofilm samples were alpha-Proteobacteria or beta-Proteobacteria. The latter bacterial groups were also numerically dominant among the sequences recovered from water and biofilm 16S rDNA clone libraries. The relative frequency of each culturable bacterial group was different for each sample examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of total community 16S rDNA genes showed notable differences between the microbial community structure of biofilm samples and feed water. The results of this study suggest that disinfection treatments could influence the type of bacterial community inhabiting water distribution systems. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 676VC UT WOS:000182772400024 ER PT J AU Burbano, A Dionysiou, D Suidan, M Richardson, T AF Burbano, A Dionysiou, D Suidan, M Richardson, T TI Chemical destruction of MTBE using Fenton's Reagent: effect of ferrous iron/hydrogen peroxide ratio SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Water Assoc DE advanced oxidation; Fenton reagent; hydroxyl radical; MTBE; TBA; TBF ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; KINETICS; GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB In-previous laboratory experiments Fenton's Reagent (FR) was successfully used as the source of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) for chemical treatment of low concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water. Although under certain conditions MTBE degradation levels as high as 99.99% were achieved, none of these experiments resulted in complete MTBE mineralization-In all cases, these experiments applied FR as an equimolar concentration of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The present study investigates the effect of H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio on the extent of degradation of, MTBE and intermediate products in water at pH = 3.0. The initial concentration. of MTBE. studied was 0.0227 mM (approximately 2 mg/L). Initially, the dose of Fe2+ was kept constant at a Fe2+/MTBE molar ratio of 10: 1 and the dose of H2O2 was varied to achieve different H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratios. The results revealed that higher degradation efficiency was achieved when FR was used as an equimolar mixture (H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio = 1.0) The extent of MTBE degradation decreased when the H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio was changed to values higher or lower than 1.0. These results suggest that a stoichiometric relationship (1:1) between the FR components gradation process for this reactant system. It is hypothesized that an excess of H optimizes the de O-2(2) enhances the effect of reactions that scavenge OH., while a decreased amount of H2O2 would be a limiting factor for the Fenton Reaction. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Burbano, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 695PE UT WOS:000183838800024 PM 12830956 ER PT B AU Gamble, JL Furlow, J Snover, AK Hamlet, AF Morehouse, BJ Hartmann, H Pagano, T AF Gamble, JL Furlow, J Snover, AK Hamlet, AF Morehouse, BJ Hartmann, H Pagano, T BE Lawford, RG Fort, DD Hartmann, HC Eden, S TI Assessing the impact of climate variability and change on regional water resources: The implications for stakeholders SO Water: Science, Policy, and Management - Challenges and Opportunities SE WATER RESOURCES MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Geophys Union ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MANAGEMENT; FORECASTS; SENSITIVITY; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY; SIGNALS; ENSO C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Pagano, Thomas/C-4659-2011 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-320-7 J9 WATER RES M PY 2003 VL 16 BP 341 EP 368 PG 28 WC Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBW72 UT WOS:000228160600016 ER PT J AU Cyterski, M Ney, J Duval, M AF Cyterski, M Ney, J Duval, M TI Predator demand for clupeid prey in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; striped bass; predation; prey supply; largemouth bass ID BIOENERGETICS MODEL; LARGEMOUTH BASS; STRIPED BASS; FOOD CONVERSION; FISH POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ENERGETICS AB Bioenergetics modeling and estimated population densities were utilized to derive the mean annual food consumption of striped bass Morone saxatilis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. Mean annual standing stock of striped bass and largemouth bass was determined to be 18 and 19 kg/ha, respectively. The striped bass population consumed an average of 48 kg/ha of alewife and 30 kg/ha of gizzard shad annually. Largemouth bass on average ate 9.5 kg/ha of alewife and 17 kg/ha of gizzard shad each year. Conversion efficiency for the largemouth bass population was 21% and 16% for striped bass. Largemouth bass and striped bass populations both realized 35% of their maximum consumptive rate during their growth seasons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cyterski, M (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 AR PII S0165-7836(02)00010-3 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00010-3 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 630FA UT WOS:000180095800001 ER PT J AU Meek, ME Renwick, A Ohanian, E Dourson, M Lake, B Naumann, BD Vu, V AF Meek, ME Renwick, A Ohanian, E Dourson, M Lake, B Naumann, BD Vu, V TI Guidelines for application of chemical-specific adjustment factors in dose/concentration - response assessment. SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX) CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE chemical-specific adjustment factors; toxicokinetics; toxicodynamics; interspecies differences; human variability; uncertainty factor ID UNCERTAINTY AB This manuscript addresses guidance in the use of kinetic and dynamic data to inform quantitatively extrapolations for interspecies differences and human variability in dose-response assessment developed in a project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) initiative on Harmonisation of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. The guidance has been developed and refined through a series of planning and technical meetings and larger workshops of a broad range of participants from academia, government agencies and the private sector. The guidance for adequacy of data for replacement of common defaults for interspecies differences and human variability is presented in the context of several generic categories including: determination of the active chemical species, choice of the appropriate metric (kinetic components) or endpoint (dynamic components) and nature of experimental data, the latter which includes reference to the relevance of population, route and dose and the adequacy of the number of subjects/samples. The principal objective of this guidance developed primarily as a resource for risk assessors, is to foster better understanding of the components of and criteria for adequacy of chemical-specific data to quantitate interspecies differences and human variability in kinetics and dynamics. It is anticipated that this guidance will also encourage the development of appropriate data and facilitate their incorporation in a consistent fashion in dose-response assessment for regulatory purposes (IPCS, 2001). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. US EPA, Off Water 4304, Washington, DC 20460 USA. TERA, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA. TNO BIBRA Int, Carshalton SM5 4DS, Surrey, England. Merck & Co Inc, White House Stn, NJ 08889 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Meek, ME (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 6 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 181 BP 115 EP 120 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00265-2 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00265-2 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 639TX UT WOS:000180646400020 PM 12505295 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Ostby, J Wilson, V Lambright, C Bobseine, K Hartig, P Hotchkiss, A Wolf, C Furr, J Price, M Parks, L Cooper, RL Stoker, TE Laws, SC Degitz, SJ Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Makynen, EA Tietge, JE Ankley, GT AF Gray, LE Ostby, J Wilson, V Lambright, C Bobseine, K Hartig, P Hotchkiss, A Wolf, C Furr, J Price, M Parks, L Cooper, RL Stoker, TE Laws, SC Degitz, SJ Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Makynen, EA Tietge, JE Ankley, GT TI Xenoendocrine disrupters-tiered screening and testing Filling key data gaps SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX) CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE antiandrogens; estrogens; endocrine disruption ID STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MALE-RAT; THYROID-FUNCTION; IN-VITRO; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing a screening and testing program for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to detect alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) function, estrogen (ER), androgen (AR) and thyroid hormone synthesis and AR and ER receptor-mediated effects in mammals and other animals. High priority chemicals would be evaluated in the Tier 1 Screening (T1S) battery and chemicals positive in T1S would then be tested (Tier 2). T1S includes in vitro ER and AR receptor binding and/or gene expression, an assessment of steroidogenesis and mammalian (rat) and nonmammalian in vivo assays (Table 1). In vivo, the uterotropic assay detects estrogens and antiestrogens, while steroidogenesis, antithyroid activity, (anti)estrogenicity and HPG function are assessed in a 'Pubertal Female Assay'. (Anti-) androgens are detected in the Hershberger Assay (weight of AR-dependent tissues in castrate-immature-male rats). Fish and amphibian assays also are being developed. The fathead minnow assay can identify EDCs displaying several mechanisms of concern, including AR and ER receptor agonists and antagonists and inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis. An amphibian metamorphosis assay is being developed to detect thyroid-active substances. Several alternative mammalian in vivo assays have been proposed. Of these, a short-term pubertal male rat assay appears most promising. An in utero-lactational screening protocol also is being evaluated. For Tier 2, the numbers of endocrine sensitive endpoints and offspring (F1) examined in multigenerational. tests need to be expanded for EDCs. Consideration should be given to tailoring T2, based on the results of T1S. Tier 1 and 2 also should examine relevant mixtures of EDCs. Toxicants that induce malformations in AR-dependent tissues produce cumulative effects even when two chemicals act via different mechanisms of action. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, RTD,NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NCSU, Cooperat Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, Dept Zool, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, Dept Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, RTD,NHEERL,ORD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 47 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 181 BP 371 EP 382 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00469-9 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00469-9 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 639TX UT WOS:000180646400064 PM 12505339 ER PT J AU Simpson, JM Santo Domingo, JW Reasoner, DJ AF Simpson, JM Santo Domingo, JW Reasoner, DJ TI Microbial source tracking: State of the science SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; NONPOINT SOURCES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INDICATOR BACTERIA AB Although water quality,of the Nation's lakes, rivers and streams has been monitored for many decades and especially since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, many still do not meet the Act's goal of "fishable and swimmable". While waterways can be impaired in numerous ways, the protection from pathogenic microbe contamination is most important for waters used for human recreation, drinking water and aquaculture. Typically, monitoring methods used for detecting potential pathogenic microorganisms in environmental waters are based upon cultivation and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria (i.e. fecal coliforms, E coli, and fecal enterococci). Currently, there is increasing interest in the potential for molecular fingerprinting methods to be used not only for detection but also for identification of fecal contamination sources. Molecular methods have been applied-to study the microbial ecology of environmental systems for years and are now being applied to help improve our waters by identifying problem sources and determining the effect of implemented remedial solutions. Management and remediation of water pollution would be more cost-effective if the correct sources could be identified. This review provides an outline of the,main methods that either have been used or have been suggested for use in microbial source tracking and some of the limitations associated with those methods. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Water Supply Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 87 TC 242 Z9 258 U1 13 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 24 BP 5279 EP 5288 DI 10.1021/es026000b PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625UF UT WOS:000179833400001 PM 12521151 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MG Burgess, RM Kester, DR AF Cantwell, MG Burgess, RM Kester, DR TI Release and phase partitioning of metals from anoxic estuarine sediments during periods of simulated resuspension SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; CADMIUM; SULFIDE; ENVIRONMENTS; OXIDATION; CHROMIUM; OXYGEN AB Periodically, marine sediments are subjected to physical processes which resuspend them into the water column, releasing previously sequestered metals. The role of resuspension energy and duration on release and subsequent redistribution of sediment bound metals was measured experimentally using a particle entrainment simulator. Two metal contaminated anoxic sediments with different physical and chemical characteristics were resuspended for 12 h at energies of 2 and 5 dynes cm(-2). Samples were taken at specified intervals, and the water column pH, Eh and dissolved oxygen levels were monitored continuously. Over time, metal concentrations increased in the particulate (nonfilterable greater than or equal to 1 mum) and filterable (< 1 mum) phases of the overlying water. In general, metal enrichment followed the Irving-Williams order of complex stability. Overall, the sediment's chemical and physical composition were major factors in determining the amount of metal released, more so than the level of resuspension energy applied. These results provide insight into how physical and chemical processes interact during sediment resuspension to release sediment bound metals and control their phase distribution in the water column. C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cantwell, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 24 BP 5328 EP 5334 DI 10.1021/es0115058 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625UF UT WOS:000179833400007 PM 12521157 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Kim, JW Watkins, J Wilkin, RT AF Furukawa, Y Kim, JW Watkins, J Wilkin, RT TI Formation of ferrihydrite and associated iron corrosion products in permeable reactive barriers of zero-valent iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GREEN RUST; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; OXIDES; REMEDIATION; ADSORPTION; STABILITY AB Ferrihydrite, Which is. known to form in the presence of oxygen and to be stabilized by the adsorption of Si, PO4 and SO4, is ubiquitous in the fine-grained fractions of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) samples from the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center (Elizabeth City, NC) and the Denver. Federal Center (Lakewood, CO) studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The concurrent energy-dispersive X-ray data indicate a strong association between ferrihydrite and metals such as Si, Ca, and Cr. Magnetite, green rust 1, aragonite, calcite., mackinawite, greigite and lepidocrocite were also present, indicative of a geochemical environment that is temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Whereas magnetite, which is known to form due to anaerobic Fe-0 corrosion, passivates the Fe-0 surface, ferrihydrite precipitation. occurs away from the immediate Fe-0 surface, forming small (<0.1 mum) discrete clusters.. Consequently, Fe-0-PRBs may remain effective for a longer period of time in slightly oxidized groundwater systems where ferrihydrite formation occurs compared to oxygen-depleted systems where magnetite passivation occurs. The ubiquitous presence of ferrihydrite suggests that the use of Fe-0-PRBs may be extended to applications that require contaminant adsorption rather than, or in addition to, redox-promoted contaminant degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 49 TC 176 Z9 191 U1 8 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 24 BP 5469 EP 5475 DI 10.1021/es025533h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625UF UT WOS:000179833400027 PM 12521177 ER PT J AU Plitnick, LM Holsapple, MP Loveless, SE Ladics, GS Selgrade, M Sailstad, DM Smialowicz, RJ AF Plitnick, LM Holsapple, MP Loveless, SE Ladics, GS Selgrade, M Sailstad, DM Smialowicz, RJ TI Cytokine profiling and chemical allergy - Reply SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INDUCTION; BALB/C C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Plitnick, LM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 3 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1006/taap.2002.9471 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 629RD UT WOS:000180061900009 ER PT J AU Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Hedgecock, IM Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Hedgecock, IM Landis, MS Stevens, RK TI Intensive atmospheric mercury measurements at Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica during November and December 2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE mercury; mercury speciation; reactive gaseous mercury; annular denuders; Antarctica ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; GAS-PHASE REACTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; EMISSIONS; SPRINGTIME; TRANSPORT AB [1] It is well known that due to its long atmospheric residence time, mercury is distributed on a global scale and aeolian transport is believed to be the major contributor to mercury in polar environments. No measurements of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) at all have ever been performed in the Antarctic before. Hg-(g)(0) concentrations were in the range 0.29 to 2.3 ng m(-3), with an average value of 0.9 +/- 0.3 ng m(-3). RGM was measured using KCl-coated annular denuders and a speciation unit coupled to a TGM analyzer; concentrations ranged from 10.5 to 334 pg m(-3), with an average of 116.2 +/- 77.8 pg m(-3). The Hg-(g)(0) measurements are in good agreement with the few data available for such southerly latitudes. The RGM concentrations are as high as those found in some industrial environments; the high concentrations in the absence of local sources (anthropogenic or natural) show that in situ gas phase oxidation of Hg-0 is the most important factor influencing RGM production and therefore also Hg deposition. The toxicity of Hg means that the consequences of high concentrations of oxidized and soluble Hg species depositing in the fragile Antarctic environment could be serious indeed. C1 CNR, Inst Atmosphar Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Sprovieri, F (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmosphar Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. EM pirrone@unical.it RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Hedgecock, Ian/0000-0002-3743-1870 NR 46 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D23 AR 4722 DI 10.1029/2002JD002057 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648UN UT WOS:000181169100006 ER PT J AU Weis, CP Intrepido, AJ Miller, AK Cowin, PG Durno, MA Gebhardt, JS Bull, R AF Weis, CP Intrepido, AJ Miller, AK Cowin, PG Durno, MA Gebhardt, JS Bull, R TI Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PCR AB Context Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the US Capitol's vicinity. Objective To provide information about the nature and extent of indoor secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores. Design Stationary and personal air samples, surface dust, and swab samples were collected under semiquiescent (minimal activities) and then simulated active office conditions to estimate secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores. Nominal size characteristics, airborne concentrations, and surface contamination of a anthracis particles (colony-forming units) were evaluated. Results Viable B anthracis spores reaerosolized under semiquiescent conditions, with a marked increase in reaerosolization during simulated active office conditions. Increases were observed for B anthracis collected on open sheep blood agar plates (P<.001) and personal air monitors (P=.01) during active office conditions. More than 80% of the B anthracis particles collected on stationary monitors were within an alveolar respirable size range of 0.95 to 3.5 μm. Conclusions Bacillus anthracis spores used in a recent terrorist incident reaerosolized under common office activities. These findings have important implications for appropriate respiratory protection, remediation, and reoccupancy of contaminated office environments. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. US PHS, Denver, CO USA. US EPA, Cleveland Off, Westlake, OH USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Weis, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 53,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 21 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 22 BP 2853 EP 2858 DI 10.1001/jama.288.22.2853 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623YM UT WOS:000179732600030 PM 12472327 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AB Geter, DR Rosenberg, DW Crary, CK George, MH AF DeAngelo, AB Geter, DR Rosenberg, DW Crary, CK George, MH TI The induction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colons of rats by trihalomethanes administered in the drinking water SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Toxicology CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Toxicol DE aberrant crypt foci (ACF); colon; trihalomethanes; drinking water; disinfection by-products ID ACUTE TOXICITY; BY-PRODUCTS; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; AZOXYMETHANE; MICE; CHLOROFORM; CANCER; GAVAGE AB Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and bromoform, (TBM) have been demonstrated to be colon carcinogens in male and female F344/N rats following administration by corn oil gavage. Our chronic bioassay of BDCM administered in the drinking water failed to demonstrate colon cancer in male F344/N rats. In the present study we addressed the capability of trihalo-methanes (THMs) administered in drinking water to induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF), early putative preneoplastic lesions, in the colons of male F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice. BDCM was tested in the A/J mouse strain. Rats and B6C3F(1) mice were exposed to isomolar concentrations of the THMs [0.5 g/l chloroform (TCM), 0.7 g/l BDCM, 0.9 g/l dibromochloromethane (DBCM), or 1.1 g/l (TBM)] for 13 weeks. A/J mice were exposed to 0.5 g/l BDCM in the drinking water for 13 and 30 weeks. Deionized water and 0.25% Alkamuls EL-620 were the negative and vehicle controls. ACF incidence (percent) and number (ACF/colon) for the rat were: combined controls, 0; AOM, 100%, 27.17 +/- 6.28 (P < 0.01); TCM, 16.7%,0.17 +/- 0.17; BDCM, 83.3%,1.50 +/- 0.56 (P < 0.01); DBCM, 50%,1.17 +/- 0.65 (P < 0.01); TBM, 66.7%,1.17 +/- 0.40 (P < 0.01). THM-induced ACF primarily occurred in the rectal segment of the colon (92%). No ACF were observed in the colons of B6C3F1 mice following 13 weeks of THM treatment or in the colons of A/J mice following 13 and 30 weeks of BDCM exposure. These studies demonstrate that brominated THMs administered in the drinking water significantly induced preneoplastic ACF in the colon of rats. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Mol Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP DeAngelo, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-99-007] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 187 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 31 AR PII S0304-3835(02)00356-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00356-7 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 618NP UT WOS:000179424400004 PM 12359347 ER PT J AU Shiao, YH Kamata, SI Li, LM Hooth, MJ DeAngelo, AB Anderson, LM Wolf, DC AF Shiao, YH Kamata, SI Li, LM Hooth, MJ DeAngelo, AB Anderson, LM Wolf, DC TI Mutations in the VHL gene from potassium bromate-induced rat clear cell renal tumors SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE drinking water; von Hippel-Lindau; kidney ID SUPPRESSOR GENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; LINDAU-DISEASE; CARCINOMA; IDENTIFICATION; KIDNEY; CANCER; CARCINOGENICITY; GLUTATHIONE AB Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a rat renal carcinogen and a major drinking water disinfection by-product in water disinfected with ozone. Clear cell renal tumors, the most common form of human renal epithelial neoplasm, are rare in animals but are inducible by KBrO3 in F344 rats. Detection of cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in clear cell tumors, indicative of glycogen accumulation, provides evidence of their biochemical similarity to human counterparts. Mutation in the coding region of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is frequently detected in human clear cell renal carcinomas. Detection of VHL mutations in KBrO3-induced rat renal tumors could enhance the relevancy of these rat renal tumors for human health risk assessment. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded control tissues and renal tumors from male F344 rats exposed to KBrO3 in the drinking water for 2 years were examined microscopically and were microdissected for DNA extraction. The coding sequence and a promoter region of the VHL gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. Two of nine clear cell renal tumors carried the same C to T mutation at the core region of the Sp1 transcription factor binding motif in the VHL promoter and one of four untreated animals had C to T mutation outside the highly conserved core region. Mutation in the VHL coding sequence was only detected in one tumor. No VHL mutations were observed in three chromophilic tumors. KBrO3-induced rat renal tumors are morphologically similar to their human counterpart but the genetic basis of tumorigenesis is different. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. US EPA, Enviornm Carcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), NCI, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 187 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 214 AR PII S0304-3835(02)00407-X DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00407-X PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 618NP UT WOS:000179424400027 PM 12359370 ER PT J AU Fournie, JW Hawkins, WE AF Fournie, JW Hawkins, WE TI Exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis in the guppy Poecilia reticulata SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE fish; exocrine pancreas; neoplasia; carcinogenesis; guppy ID MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITE; RAT PANCREAS; NEOPLASMS; CLASSIFICATION; INDUCTION; CANCER; TUMORS; CELLS; LESIONS AB Exocrine pancreatic neoplasms developed in the guppy Poecilia reticulata following exposure to the direct-acting carcinogen methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM-Ac). Fish 6 to 10 d old were exposed to nominal, non-toxic concentrations of 4 and 10 mg MAM-Ac l(-1) for 2 h and then transferred to carcinogen-free water for grow-out. Whole specimens were sampled monthly up to 9 mo post-exposure to follow the histologic progression of the lesions. No neoplasms occurred in 119 control specimens examined. Pancreatic acinar cell adenomas and carcinomas occurred in 42 of 243 (17%) of the specimens exposed to MAM-Ac. As in earlier studies, specimens exposed to the low MAM-Ac concentration exhibited a higher pancreatic neoplasm incidence (27.8%) than those exposed to the high concentration (7.8%). Acinar cell adenomas accounted for 27 of the 42 neoplasms. Adenomas exhibited a high degree of acinar cell differentiation and some contained foci of atypical acinar cells that were less differentiated and more basophilic than were surrounding adenoma cells. Carcinomas occurred in 15 specimens and exhibited a range of cellular patterns, Although no distant metastases were found, carcinomas tended to invade neighboring tissues and organs, The occurrence of carcinogen-induced pancreatic neoplasms in guppies strengthens the usefulness of small fish species in carcinogen testing and provides an additional model for studying pancreatic neoplasia. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Coll Marine Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Fournie, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 52 IS 3 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.3354/dao052191 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 645KU UT WOS:000180975400003 PM 12553447 ER PT J AU Tilton, F Benson, WH Schlenk, D AF Tilton, F Benson, WH Schlenk, D TI Evaluation of estrogenic activity from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with predominantly domestic input SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YES; vitellogenin; 17-beta-estradiol; wastewater ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; UNITED-KINGDOM; IN-VIVO; BINDING CHARACTERISTICS; STW EFFLUENT; EXPOSURE; TROUT; FISH AB The purpose of this study was to survey estrogenic releases from two primarily domestic wastewater treatment plants over three seasons (1996-1999). Mature male channel catfish were maintained at two sites within each WWTP and a reference site for 21 days. Estrogenic activity of effluent was assessed by the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay (in 1999) and the expression of the female egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vtg) in caged male channel catfish (1996-1998). Serum Vtg of animals exposed at WWTP-A was induced 220% above reference values in the Fall of 1996 and 480% in Spring of 1997. In animals exposed to effluent of WWTP-B, serum Vtg was elevated 370% in Spring of 1997 and 480% in Fall of 1997 relative to fish held in a reference location. Serum 17-beta-estradiol (E2) levels were also significantly elevated 13 and 16-fold in the Fall 1997 and Summer 1998 in the fish exposed to WWTP-A effluent. A 13.5-fold increase in serum E2 was observed in fish exposed to WWTP-B during Fall 1997. Utilizing an E2 concentration-Vtg response curve generated in the laboratory, effluent from both plants (in 1997 and 1998) had estrogen equivalent values ranging from 23 to 123 ng/l E2 equivalents. These values were comparable with YES values obtained from 1999, which indicated the presence of 21 to 147 ng/l E2 equivalents. E2 was responsible for 3 (fall) to 100% (summer) of the YES activity. Glucuronides of E2 were also observed in the treated effluent. These studies indicate that variable estrogenic activity is present in municipal wastewater resulting from domestic activities and that this activity may be significantly altered by environmental factors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Schlenk, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 40 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC 3 PY 2002 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 224 AR PII S0166-445X(02)00058-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00058-9 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 604QC UT WOS:000178631700006 PM 12359391 ER PT J AU Olsen, BE Hinderaker, SG Bergsjo, P Lie, RT Olsen, OHE Gasheka, P Kvale, G AF Olsen, BE Hinderaker, SG Bergsjo, P Lie, RT Olsen, OHE Gasheka, P Kvale, G TI Causes and characteristics of maternal deaths in rural northern Tanzania SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; malaria in pregnancy; essential obstetric services; avoidable death; Tanzania ID DAR-ES-SALAAM; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; DISTRICT; AFRICA AB Background. To assess causes and characteristics of maternal deaths in a poorly characterized area. Methods. A health facility- and population-based study, with an audit of case series on maternal deaths, was done in two divisions with 42 villages (population 143 000), in Mbulu and Hanang districts, Arusha region, Tanzania. In 1995, all known deaths of women between 15 and 50 years, who were residents of the study area, were recorded from all the health facilities and villages in the study area. Supplementary data from the health facilities were collected in 1996. Verbal autopsies, health facility and antenatal records, and additional oral information were used to assess each maternal death. Results. Forty-five maternal deaths were identified, 26 in 1995 and 19 in 1996. Thirteen of the deaths were direct, while 32 were indirect. Hemorrhage was the main cause of direct obstetric deaths and cerebral malaria of indirect death, accounting for 20 cases, with most of them occurring during an epidemic season. Twenty-four of the women, including 10 of those dying of malaria, died postpartum. Most of the deceased women sought help at a health facility as the first place of seeking help, and used the hospital ambulance. Fourteen of the deaths (31%) were considered possibly avoidable under the prevailing circumstances, with delay in seeking help being most common. Conclusions. Addressing malaria as a major cause of maternal death, both in pregnancy and postpartum, in epidemic-prone areas, and increased community and family awareness of when to seek help could be important factors in reducing maternal deaths. C1 Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Mbulu, Tanzania. Univ Bergen, Haukeland Hosp, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Sect Med Stat, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, NIH, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Olsen, BE (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Armauer Hansen House, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.811202.x PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 624FR UT WOS:000179750100002 PM 12519105 ER PT J AU Harrison, GW Lau, MI Williams, MB AF Harrison, GW Lau, MI Williams, MB TI Estimating individual discount rates in Denmark: A field experiment SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Econ, Moore Sch Business, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Econ & Business Res, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Harrison, GW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Econ, Moore Sch Business, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 6 TC 263 Z9 268 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1606 EP 1617 DI 10.1257/000282802762024674 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 633VX UT WOS:000180306100018 ER PT J AU Stokes, WS Schechtman, LM Hill, RN AF Stokes, WS Schechtman, LM Hill, RN TI The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM): A review of the ICCVAM test method evaluation process and current international collaborations with the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECVAM Status Seminar CY JUN 04-06, 2002 CL EUROPEAN COMMISS JOINT RES CTR AMPHITHEATRE, ISPRA, ITALY HO EUROPEAN COMMISS JOINT RES CTR AMPHITHEATRE DE alternative method; animal welfare; ECVAM; ICCVAM; NICEATM; regulatory acceptance; validation ID TOXICITY; WORKSHOP AB Over the last decade, national authorities in the USA and Europe have launched initiatives to validate new and improved toxicological test methods. In the USA, the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), and its supporting National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), were established by the Federal Government to work with test developers and Federal agencies to facilitate the validation, review, and adoption of new scientifically sound test methods, including alternatives that can reduce, refine, and replace animal use. In Europe, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) was established to conduct validation studies on alternative test methods. Despite differences in organisational structure and processes, both organisations seek to achieve the adoption and use of alternative test methods. Accordingly, both have adopted similar validation and regulatory acceptance criteria, Collaborations and processes have also evolved to facilitate the international adoption of new test methods recommended by ECVAM and ICCVAM. These collaborations involve the sharing of expertise and data for test-method workshops and independent scientific peer reviews, and the adoption of processes to expedite the consideration of test methods already reviewed by the other organisation. More recently, NICEATM and ECVAM initiated a joint international validation study on in vitro methods for assessing acute systemic toxicity. These collaborations are expected to contribute to accelerated international adoption of harmonised new test methods that will support improved public health and provide for reduced and more-humane use of laboratory animals. C1 NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stokes, WS (reprint author), NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Environm Toxicol Program, Mail Code EC-17,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRAME PI NOTTINGHAM PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 4EE, NOTTS, ENGLAND SN 0261-1929 J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 SU 2 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 640BY UT WOS:000180667700005 PM 12513648 ER PT J AU Doorn, MRJ Natschke, DF Thorneloe, SA Southerland, J AF Doorn, MRJ Natschke, DF Thorneloe, SA Southerland, J TI Development of an emission factor for ammonia emissions from US swine farms based on field tests and application of a mass balance method SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonia; swine; farms; emissions; CAFOs AB This paper discusses and summarizes post-1994 US and European information on ammonia (NH3) emissions from swine farms and assesses the applicability for general use in the United States. The emission rates for the houses calculated by various methods show good agreement and suggest that the houses are a more significant source than previously thought. A general emission factor for houses of 3.7 +/- 1.0 kg NH3/year/finisher pig or 59 +/- 10 g NH3/kg live weight/year is recommended. For lagoons, it was found that there is good similarity between the field test results and the number calculated by a mass balance method. The suggested annual NH3 emission factor for lagoons based on field tests at one swine farm lagoon in North Carolina is 2.4 kg/year/pig. Emission rates from sprayfields were estimated using a total mass balance approach, while subtracting the house and lagoon emissions. The total emission rates for finishing pigs at the test farm compared well to the total rate established by a mass balance approach based on nitrogen intake and volatilization. Therefore, it was concluded that a mass balance approach can be helpful in estimating NH3 emissions from swine farms. A general emission factor of 7 +/- 2 kg NH3/pig/year could be developed, which is comparable to general European emission factors, which varied from 4.8 to 6.4 kg NH3/pig/year. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. RP Doorn, MRJ (reprint author), ARCADIS Inc, POB 13109, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 36-37 BP 5619 EP 5625 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00689-1 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00689-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618FX UT WOS:000179409000006 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS TI Precision of atmospheric dry deposition data from the Clean Air Status and Trends Network SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dry deposition; concentration; deposition velocity; ozone; sulfur dioxide; nitric acid; sulfate; nitrate; ammonium; precision ID MULTILAYER MODEL; FILTER PACK; UNCERTAINTY; QUALITY; SITES AB A collocated, dry deposition sampling program was begun in January 1987 by the US Environmental Protection Agency to provide ongoing estimates of the overall precision of dry deposition and supporting data entering the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) archive. Duplicate sets of dry deposition sampling instruments were installed adjacent to existing instruments and have been operated for various periods at 11 collocated field sites. All sampling and operations were performed using standard CASTNet procedures. The current study documents the bias-corrected precision of CASTNet data based on collocated measurements made at paired sampling sites representative of sites across the network. These precision estimates include the variability for all operations from sampling to data storage in the archive. Precision estimates are provided for hourly, instrumental ozone (O-3) concentration and meteorological measurements, hourly model estimates of deposition velocity (V-d) from collocated measurements of model inputs, hourly O-3 deposition estimates, weekly filter pack determinations of selected atmospheric chemical species, and weekly estimates of V-d and deposition for each monitored filter pack chemical species and O-3. Estimates of variability of weekly pollutant concentrations, expressed as coefficients of variation, depend on chemical species: NO3- similar to 8.1%; HNO(3)similar to6.4%; SO2 similar to 4.3%; NH4+ similar to 3.7%; SO42- similar to 2.3%; and O-3 similar to 1.3%. Precision of estimates of weekly Vd from collocated measurements of model inputs also depends on the chemical species: aerosols similar to2.8%; HNO3 similar to 2.6%; SO2 similar to 3.0%; and O-3 similar to 2.0%. Corresponding precision of weekly deposition estimates are: NO3- similar to 8.6%; HNO3- similar to 5.2%; SO2 similar to 5.6%; NH4+ similar to 3.9%; SO42- similar to 3.3%. Precision of weekly concentration, V-d estimates, and deposition estimates are comparable in magnitude and slightly smaller than the corresponding hourly values. Annual precision estimates, although uncertain due to their small sample size in the current study, are consistent with the corresponding weekly values. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 36-37 BP 5671 EP 5686 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00723-9 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00723-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618FX UT WOS:000179409000012 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Roop, BC Lambert, G Kadiiska, M Mason, RP Cullen, WR Mass, MJ AF Nesnow, S Roop, BC Lambert, G Kadiiska, M Mason, RP Cullen, WR Mass, MJ TI DNA damage induced by methylated trivalent arsenicals is mediated by reactive oxygen species SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; MALE F344 RATS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; HUMAN URINE; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; DRINKING-WATER; ORAL-EXPOSURE; FREE-RADICALS AB Arsenic is a human carcinogen; however, the mechanisms of arsenic's induction of carcinogenic effects have not been identified clearly. We have shown previously that monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) are genotoxic and can damage supercoiled phiX174 DNA and the DNA in peripheral human lymphocytes in culture. These trivalent arsenicals are biomethylated forms of inorganic arsenic and have been detected in the urine of subjects exposed to arsenite and arsenate. We show here by molecular, chemical, and physical methods that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in the DNA-damaging activities of MMA(III) and DMA(III). Using the phiX174 DNA nicking assay we found that the ROS inhibitors Tiron, melatonin, and the vitamin E analogue Trolox inhibited the DNA-nicking activities of both MMA(III) and DMA(III) at low micromolar concentrations. The spin trap agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) also was effective at preventing the DNA nicking induced by MMA(III) and DMA(III.) ESR spectroscopy studies using DMPO identified a radical as a ROS intermediate in the DNA incubations with DMA(III). This radical adduct was assigned to the DMPO-hydroxyl free radical adduct on the basis of comparison of the observed hyperfine splitting constants and line widths with those reported in the literature. The formation of the DMPO-hydroxyl free radical adduct was dependent on time and the presence of DMA(III) and was completely inhibited by Tiron and Trolox and partially inhibited by DMSO. Using electrospray mass spectrometry, micromolar concentrations of DMA(v) were detected in the DNA incubation mixtures with DMA(III). These data are consistent with the conclusions that the DNA-damaging activity of DMA(III) is an indirect genotoxic effect mediated by ROS-formed concomitantly with the oxidation of DMA(III) to DMA(v). C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 48 TC 155 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1627 EP 1634 DI 10.1021/tx025598y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 627VU UT WOS:000179957500017 PM 12482246 ER PT J AU Walker, CL Hodges, L Cook, J Lobenhofer, E Li, LP Bennett, L Bushel, P Afshari, C AF Walker, CL Hodges, L Cook, J Lobenhofer, E Li, LP Bennett, L Bushel, P Afshari, C TI Identification of critical determinants of agonism and antagonism in the breast by transcriptional profiling. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society Division of Chemical Toxicology of the 224th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 UT, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Div Sci Pk Res, Smithville, TX USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 MA 5 BP 1653 EP 1653 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 627VU UT WOS:000179957500025 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Setzer, RW Potter, LK AF Barton, HA Setzer, RW Potter, LK TI Developing a predictive simulation model for antiandrogen impacts on rodent prostate. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society Division of Chemical Toxicology of the 224th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 MA 46 BP 1662 EP 1662 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 627VU UT WOS:000179957500066 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME TI Toxicity of methyl-tert butyl ether to higher plants. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society Division of Chemical Toxicology of the 224th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 MA 55 BP 1664 EP 1665 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 627VU UT WOS:000179957500075 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Engelbrecht, JP Freeman, NCG Hashim, JH Jantunen, M Michaud, JP de Tejada, SS Watson, JG Wei, FS Wilson, WE Yasuno, M Zhu, T AF Chow, JC Engelbrecht, JP Freeman, NCG Hashim, JH Jantunen, M Michaud, JP de Tejada, SS Watson, JG Wei, FS Wilson, WE Yasuno, M Zhu, T TI Chapter one: exposure measurements SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting of the Scientific-Group-on-the-Methodologies-of-Safety-Evaluation-of-Chemicals (SGOMSEC) CY NOV 07-12, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Sci Grp Methodol Safety Evaluat Chem DE network design; air quality; PM(2.5); PM(10); human exposure ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; AIR-POLLUTION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; BETA-GAUGE; PIEZOELECTRIC MICROBALANCE; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Determining human exposure to suspended particulate concentrations requires measurements that quantify different particle properties in microenvironments where people live, work, and play. Particle mass, size, and chemical composition are important exposure variables, and these are typically measured with time-integrated samples on filters that are later submitted to laboratory analyses. This requires substantial sample handling, quality assurance, and data reduction. Newer technologies are being developed that allow in-situ, time-resolved measurements for mass, carbon, sulfate, nitrate, particle size, and other variables. These are large measurement systems that are more suitable for fixed monitoring sites than for personal applications. Human exposure studies need to be designed to accomplish specific objectives rather than to serve too many purposes. Resources need to be divided among study design, field sampling, laboratory analysis, quality assurance, data management, and data analysis phases. Many exposure projects allocated too little to the non-measurement activities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Environm Hlth, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Environm Monitoring Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 5228533, Japan. Nankai Univ, Environm Sci & Engn Inst, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM judyc@dri.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 124 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 873 EP 901 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00233-3 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00233-3 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NX UT WOS:000179483700003 PM 12492156 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Engelbrecht, JP Watson, JG Wilson, WE Frank, NH Zhu, T AF Chow, JC Engelbrecht, JP Watson, JG Wilson, WE Frank, NH Zhu, T TI Designing monitoring networks to represent outdoor human exposure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting of hte Scientific Group on the Methodologies of Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) CY NOV 07-12, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE network design; air quality; PM2.5; PM10; human exposure ID AEROSOL BLACK CARBON; GEOSTATISTICAL TREND DETECTION; SPATIAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ACID DEPOSITION DATA; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; NEIGHBORHOOD-SCALE; BETA-GAUGE; MULTIELEMENT ANALYSIS AB Measurements of outdoor human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) are always constrained by available resources. An effective network design requires tradeoffs between variables measured, the number of sampling locations, sample duration, and sampling frequency. Sampling sites are needed to represent neighborhood and urban spatial scales with minimal influences from nearby sources. Although most PM measurements for determining compliance with standards are taken over 24-h periods every third to sixth day, outdoor human exposure assessment requires measurements taken continuously throughout the day, preferably over durations of 1 h or less. More detailed particle size and chemistry data are also desirable, as smaller size fractions and specific chemicals may be better indicators of adverse health effects than total mass samples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Nankai Univ, Environm Sci & Engn Inst, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 133 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 961 EP 978 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00239-4 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00239-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NX UT WOS:000179483700007 PM 12492160 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Chow, JC Claiborn, C Wei, FS Engelbrecht, J Watson, JG AF Wilson, WE Chow, JC Claiborn, C Wei, FS Engelbrecht, J Watson, JG TI Monitoring of particulate matter outdoors SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting of hte Scientific Group on the Methodologies of Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) CY NOV 07-12, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE particulate matter; fine particles; coarse particles; monitoring methods; chemical analysis; semivolatile PM ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY INSTRUMENT; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER AB Recent studies of the size and composition of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) have demonstrated the usefulness of separating atmospheric PM into its fine and coarse components. The need to measure the mass and composition of fine and coarse PM separately has been emphasized by research in exposure, epidemiology, and toxicology of atmospheric PM. This paper provides a background on the size distribution and properties of PM relevant to the differences between fine and coarse particles. Various decisions that must be made when deciding how to separate, collect, and measure PM are discussed. Techniques for monitoring fine and coarse particles, including the US Federal Reference Method for PM2.5 and several techniques for PM10-2.5, are presented. Problems encountered in collecting semivolatile PM and in weighing atmospheric PM collected on a filter are described. Continuous monitoring methods for PM mass and for PM components (carbon, nitrate, and sulfate) are described and brief descriptions are given of analytical techniques for the chemical characterization of collected PM. This information should be especially useful for environmental workers familiar with monitoring methods for total suspended particles or PM10 but who will need to measure PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 in the future. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Environm Monitoring Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Wilson, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD B243 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 280 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1009 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00270-9 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NX UT WOS:000179483700010 PM 12492163 ER PT J AU Watson, JG Zhu, T Chow, JC Engelbrecht, J Fujita, EM Wilson, WE AF Watson, JG Zhu, T Chow, JC Engelbrecht, J Fujita, EM Wilson, WE TI Receptor modeling application framework for particle source apportionment SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting of hte Scientific Group on the Methodologies of Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) CY NOV 07-12, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE receptor model; PM10; PM2.5; chemical mass balance; enrichment factor; principal component analysis; factor analysis ID CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB Receptor models infer contributions from particulate matter (PM) source types using multivariate measurements of particle chemical and physical properties. Receptor models complement source models that estimate concentrations from emissions inventories and transport meteorology. Enrichment factor, chemical mass balance, multiple linear regression, eigenvector, edge detection, neural network, aerosol evolution, and aerosol equilibrium models have all been used to solve particulate air quality problems, and more than 500 citations of their theory and application document these uses. While elements, ions, and carbons were often used to apportion TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 among many source types, many of these components have been reduced in source emissions such that more complex measurements of carbon fractions, specific organic compounds, single particle characteristics, and isotopic abundances now need to be measured in source and receptor samples. Compliance monitoring networks are not usually designed to obtain data for the observables, locations, and time periods that allow receptor models to be applied. Measurements from existing networks can be used to form conceptual models that allow the needed monitoring network to be optimized. The framework for using receptor models to solve air quality problems consists of. (1) formulating a conceptual model; (2) identifying potential sources; (3) characterizing source emissions; (4) obtaining and analyzing ambient PM samples for major components and source markers; (5) confirming source types with multivariate receptor models; (6) quantifying source contributions with the chemical mass balance; (7) estimating profile changes and the limiting precursor gases for secondary aerosols; and (8) reconciling receptor modeling results with source models, emissions inventories, and receptor data analyses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Nankai Univ, Environm Sci & Engn Inst, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Watson, JG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 694 TC 161 Z9 173 U1 6 U2 97 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1136 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00243-6 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00243-6 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NX UT WOS:000179483700014 PM 12492167 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Geron, CD Vose, JM Swank, WT AF Walker, JT Geron, CD Vose, JM Swank, WT TI Nitrogen trace gas emissions from a riparian ecosystem in southern Appalachia SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; restoration; agriculture; cattle; riparian buffers ID UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; NO; AMMONIA; NITRIFICATION; VOLATILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION AB In this paper, we present two years of seasonal nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH(3)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) trace gas fluxes measured in a recovering riparian zone with cattle excluded and adjacent riparian zone grazed by cattle. In the recovering riparian zone, average NO, NH(3), and N(2)O fluxes were 5.8, 2.0, and 76.7 ng N m(-2) s(-1) (1.83, 0.63, and 24.19 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)), respectively. Fluxes in the grazed riparian zone were larger, especially for NO and NH3, measuring 9.1, 4.3, and 77.6 ngN m(-2) s(-1) (2.87, 1.35, and 24.50 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) for NO, NH(3), and N(2)O, respectively. On average, N(2)O accounted for greater than 85% of total trace gas flux in both the recovering and grazed riparian zones, though N(2)O fluxes were highly variable temporally. In the recovering riparian zone, variability in seasonal average fluxes was explained by variability in soil nitrogen (N) concentrations. Nitric oxide flux was positively correlated with soil ammonium (NH(4)(+)) concentration, while N(2)O flux was positively correlated with soil nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentration. Ammonia flux was positively correlated with the ratio of NH(4)(+) to NO(3)(-). In the grazed riparian zone, average NH(3) and N(2)O fluxes were not correlated with soil temperature, N concentrations, or moisture. This was likely due to high variability in soil microsite conditions related to cattle effects such as compaction and N input. Nitric oxide flux in the grazed riparian zone was positively correlated with soil temperature and NO(3)(-) concentration. Restoration appeared to significantly affect NO flux, which increased approximate to600% during the first year following restoration and decreased during the second year to levels encountered at the onset of restoration. By comparing the ratio of total trace gas flux to soil N concentration, we show that the restored riparian zone is likely more efficient than the grazed riparian zone at diverting upper-soil N from the receiving stream to the atmosphere. This is likely due to the recovery of microbiological communities following changes in soil physical characteristics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD-63, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 50 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1398 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00320-X DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00320-X PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NL UT WOS:000179482400021 PM 12489736 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG AF Wickham, JD Wade, TG TI Watershed level risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus export SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry CY JAN 10-12, 2000 CL FLORIDA DE land-cover; Maryland; modeling; water pollution ID LAND-COVER; NUTRIENT; FRAMEWORK; MULTIPLE; QUALITY; REGION AB Land cover composition across a watershed is a principal factor in controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus exported from a watershed. A well developed literature of nutrient export coefficients by land-cover class was used to model the risk of equaling or exceeding specified levels of nutrient export. The model was applied to about 1000 comparatively small watersheds mapped for the state of Maryland for environmental analysis and planning. Risk estimates generally increased from west to east, but numerous areas of high variability were evident. Risk of exceeding specified levels of nitrogen and phosphorus export were nonlinearly related to the amount of forest in the watershed. Risk increased more dramatically for phosphorus and nitrogen when forest dropped below between 90 and 95%, respectively. Bifurcations in this nonlinear relationship were the result of the relative abundance of agriculture and urban land in the watershed. The nonlinear relationship between percentage forest and risk increased more dramatically for phosphorus and less dramatically for nitrogen when urban was relatively more abundant than agriculture. Regional-scale variation in risk is discussed in terms of its relevance to environmental management. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 15 EP 24 AR PII S0168-1699(02)00117-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00117-5 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 628UB UT WOS:000180014000003 ER PT J AU Klaflin, DI Stanton, ME Herbert, J Greer, J Eckerman, CO AF Klaflin, DI Stanton, ME Herbert, J Greer, J Eckerman, CO TI Effect of delay interval on classical eyeblink conditioning in 5-month-old human infants SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE associative learning; eyeblink conditioning; infant learning; infant memory; delay conditioning ID EYELID RESPONSES; INTERSTIMULUS-INTERVAL; CEREBELLAR CORTEX; RAT; TRACE; ACQUISITION; ONTOGENY; RABBITS; AGE AB Associative learning was evaluated in human infants with simple delay classical eyeblink conditioning. A tone conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with an airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) at three different delay intervals (250, 650, and 1,250 ms). Independent groups of healthy, full-term 5-month-old human infants were assigned to these three paired conditions and received two identical training sessions 1 week apart. The two longer delays resulted in associative conditioning, as confirmed by comparison with unpaired control groups. However, only at the 650-ms delay were associative eyeblinks adaptively timed to avoid the airpuff. The delay function at 5 months of age appears much sharper than is observed in adults. Together with the findings of A. H. Little, L. P. Lipsitt, and C. Rovee-Collier (1984), the present study suggests a downward shift in the optimal delay interval for associative eyeblink conditioning between 1 and 6 months of age. However, this delay remains longer than what is typically reported in adults. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol Curriculum, Durham, NC 27706 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Expt Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Klaflin, DI (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, 335 Fawcett,3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. OI Herbert, Jane/0000-0002-8762-4531 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1002/dev.10050 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 621NY UT WOS:000179597100001 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Jones, KB Smith, ER Coulston, JW Wade, TG Smith, JH AF Riitters, KH Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Jones, KB Smith, ER Coulston, JW Wade, TG Smith, JH TI Fragmentation of continental United States forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE forest ecology; edge effect; spatial pattern; landscape pattern; forest fragmentation ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; NITROGEN; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; MULTIPLE; SCALES; BIRDS AB We report a multiple-scale analysis of forest fragmentation based on 30-m (0,09 ha pixel(-1)) landcover maps for the conterminous United States. Each 0.09-ha unit of forest was classified according to fragmentation indexes measured within the surrounding landscape, for five landscape sizes including 2.25, 7.29, 65.61, 590.49, and 5314.41 ha. Most forest is found in fragmented landscapes. With 65.61-ha landscapes, for example, only 9.9% of all forest was contained in a fully forested landscape, and only 46.9% was in a landscape that was more than 90% forested. Overall, 43.5% of forest was located within 90 In of forest edge and 61.8% of forest was located within 150 In of forest edge. Nevertheless, where forest existed, it was usually dominant-at least 72.9% of all forest was in landscapes that were at least 60% forested for all landscape sizes. Small (less than 7.29 ha) perforations in otherwise continuous forest cover accounted for about half of the fragmentation. These results suggest that forests are connected over large regions, but fragmentation is so pervasive that edge effects potentially influence ecological processes on most forested lands. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ONeill Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 44 TC 156 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s10021002-0209-2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632FR UT WOS:000180213700009 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM Tully, DB El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT AF Mumtaz, MM Tully, DB El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT TI Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE aldrin; arsenic; cadmium; chemical mixtures; chromium; 4,4 '-DDD; 4,4 '-DDE; 4,4 '-DDT; dieldrin; endrin; endocrine disruptors; estrogen; lead ID DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; CONTROLLING INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; PLANAR AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; NF-KAPPA-B; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; BINDING ACTIVITY; GROWTH ARREST; LIVER-CELLS; IN-VIVO; CADMIUM AB As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the in vitro methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2002/suppl-6/9411-956mumtaz/abstract.html. C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 947 EP 956 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100010 PM 12634124 ER PT J AU Hertzberg, RC Teuschler, LK AF Hertzberg, RC Teuschler, LK TI Evaluating quantitative formulas for dose-response assessment of chemical mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE antagonism; dose addition; hazard index; interaction; pharmacokinetics; response addition; risk formulas; synergism ID SYNERGY AB Risk assessment formulas are often distinguished from dose-response models by being rough but necessary. The evaluation of these rough formulas is described here, using the example of mixture risk assessment. Two conditions make the dose-response part of mixture risk assessment difficult, lack of data on mixture dose-response relationships, and the need to address risk from combinations of chemicals because of public demands and statutory requirements. Consequently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed methods for carrying out quantitative dose-response assessment for chemical mixtures that require information only on the toxicity of single chemicals and of chemical pair interactions. These formulas are based on plausible ideas and default parameters but minimal supporting data on whole mixtures. Because of this lack of mixture data, the usual evaluation of accuracy (predicted vs. observed) cannot be performed. Two approaches to the evaluation of such formulas are to consider fundamental biological concepts that support the quantitative formulas (e.g., toxicologic similarity) and to determine how well the proposed method performs under simplifying constraints (e.g., as the toxicologic interactions disappear). These ideas are illustrated using dose addition and two weight-of-evidence formulas for incorporating toxicologic interactions. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2002/suppl-61965-970hertzberg/abstract.html. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hertzberg, RC (reprint author), US EPA, 61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 965 EP 970 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100012 PM 12634126 ER PT J AU Simmons, JE Richardson, SD Speth, TF Miltner, RJ Rice, G Schenck, KM Hunter, ES Teuschler, LK AF Simmons, JE Richardson, SD Speth, TF Miltner, RJ Rice, G Schenck, KM Hunter, ES Teuschler, LK TI Development of a research strategy for integrated technology-based toxicological and chemical evaluation of complex mixtures of drinking water disinfection byproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE analytical chemistry; complex mixtures; disinfection byproducts; drinking water; reverse osmosis; toxicology ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; BLADDER-CANCER; ORGANIC-MATTER; PREGNANCY LOSS; TRIHALOMETHANES; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; OUTCOMES; RAT AB Chemical disinfection of water is a major public health triumph of the 20th century. Dramatic decreases in both morbidity and mortality of waterborne diseases are a direct result of water disinfection. With these important public health benefits comes low-level, chronic exposure to a very large number of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), chemicals formed through reaction of the chemical disinfectant with naturally occurring inorganic and organic material in the source water. This article provides an overview of joint research planning by scientists residing within the various organizations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. The purpose is to address concerns related to potential health effects from exposure to DBPs that cannot be addressed directly from toxicological studies of individual DBPs or simple DBP mixtures. Two factors motivate the need for such an investigation of complex mixtures of DBPs: a) a significant amount of the material that makes up the total organic halide and total organic carbon portions of the DBPs has not been identified; and b) epidemiologic data, although not conclusive, are suggestive of potential developmental, reproductive, or carcinogenic health effects in humans exposed to DBPs. The plan is being developed and the experiments necessary to determine the feasibility of its implementation are being conducted by scientists from the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, the National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the National Center for Environmental Assessment. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Simmons, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1013 EP 1024 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100019 PM 12634133 ER PT J AU Clark, JM Bing-Canar, J Renninger, S Dollhopf, R El-Zein, J Star, D Zimmerman, D Anisuzzaman, A Boylan, K Tomaszewski, T Pearce, K Yacovac, R Erlwein, B Ward, J AF Clark, JM Bing-Canar, J Renninger, S Dollhopf, R El-Zein, J Star, D Zimmerman, D Anisuzzaman, A Boylan, K Tomaszewski, T Pearce, K Yacovac, R Erlwein, B Ward, J TI Methyl parathion in residential properties: Relocation and decontamination methodology SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE decontamination; methyl parathion; risk assessment ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; CHLORPYRIFOS; INTOXICATION; INGESTION; SEQUELAE; EXPOSURE AB In November 1994 methyl parathion (MP), a restricted agricultural pesticide, was discovered to have been illegally sprayed within hundreds of residences in Lorain County, Ohio. Surface levels and air concentrations of MP revealed detectable levels of the pesticide 3 years after spraying. Because of the high toxicity of MP (lethal dose to 50% of rats tested [LD50] = 15 mg/kg) and long half-life indoors, risk-based relocation and decontamination criteria were created. Relocation criteria were derived based on levels of p-nitrophenol in urine, a metabolic byproduct of MP exposure. In Ohio, concentrations of MP on surfaces and in the air were also used to trigger relocations. The criteria applied in Ohio underwent refinement as cases of MP misuse were found in Mississippi and then in several other states. The MP investigation (1994-1997) was the largest pesticide misuse case in the nation, ultimately involving the sampling of 9,000 residences and the decontamination of 1,000 properties. This article describes the methodology used for relocation of residents and decontamination of properties having MP. C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. Elyria Dept Hlth, Elyria, OH USA. Lorain Dept Hlth, Lorain, OH USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clark, JM (reprint author), US EPA, SR-6J,77 W Jackson, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1061 EP 1070 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100027 PM 12634141 ER PT J AU McCann, KG Moomey, CM Runkle, KD Hryhorczuk, DO Clark, JM Barr, DB AF McCann, KG Moomey, CM Runkle, KD Hryhorczuk, DO Clark, JM Barr, DB TI Chicago area methyl parathion response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE creatinine; methyl parathion; p-nitrophenol; urine sampling; wipe samples AB The Illinois Department of Public Health participated in the Chicago, Illinois, area methyl parathion (MP) response with several other federal, state, and local government agencies beginning in April 1997. This response was initiated on evidence that hundreds of homes in the Chicago area were illegally treated for cockroaches with NIP over a period of several years. Through applicator receipt books and information reported by property owners and tenants, 968 homes were identified as having been treated with MP. Upon implementation of a response plan developed by the Methyl Parathion Health Sciences Steering Committee, environmental sampling and urine monitoring were provided for eligible households. Environmental sampling was conducted in 903 homes, with MP detected above levels of concern in 596 residences. Residents of these homes were offered urine sampling to determine the extent of exposure to MP. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for p-nitrophenol in 1,913 individuals. Implementation of the protocol resulted in 550 residents being relocated during the remediation of 100 households. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Environm Toxicol Sect, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. US Environm Prot Agcy Superfund Div, Chicago, IL USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCann, KG (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Environm Toxicol Sect, 525 W Jefferson St, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1075 EP 1078 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100029 PM 12634143 ER PT J AU Lasat, M AF Lasat, M TI The Hazardous Substance Research Centers programs: An EPA perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lasat, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8722R,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP D2 EP D3 DI 10.1002/ep.670210402 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VM UT WOS:000185225800001 ER PT J AU Kolhatkar, R Kuder, T Philp, P Allen, J Wilson, JT AF Kolhatkar, R Kuder, T Philp, P Allen, J Wilson, JT TI Use of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses to demonstrate anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE in groundwater at a gasoline release site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; NATURAL ATTENUATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; AEROBIC MINERALIZATION; METHYL-ETHER; FRACTIONATION; DEGRADATION; HYDROGEN; FIELD AB Currently it is unclear if natural attenuation is an appropriate remedial approach for groundwater impacted by methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Site-characterization data at most gasoline release sites are adequate to evaluate attenuation in MTBE concentrations overtime or distance. But, demonstrating natural biodegradation of MTBE requires laboratory microcosm studies, which could be expensive and time-consuming. Recently, compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analyses (C-13/C-12 expressed in delta(13)C notation) have been used to demonstrate aerobic biodegradation of MTBE in laboratory incubations. This study explored the potential of this approach to distinguish MTBE biodegradation from other abiotic processes in an anaerobic groundwater plume that showed extensive decrease in MTBE concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use delta(13)C of MTBE. data in groundwater and laboratory microcosms to demonstrate anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE. The 613C of MTBE in monitoring wells increased by up to 31%, (-25.5parts per thousand to +5.5parts per thousand) along with a 40-fold decrease in MTBE concentrations. Anaerobic incubations in laboratory microcosms indicated up to 20-fold reduction in MTBE concentrations with a corresponding increase in 613C of MTBE of up to 33.4parts per thousand (-28.7parts per thousand to +4.7parts per thousand) in live microcosms. Little enrichment was observed in autoclaved controls. These results demonstrate that anaerobic biodegradation was the dominant natural attenuation mechanism for MTBE at this site. The estimated isotopic enrichment factors (is an element of(field) = -8.10parts per thousand and is an element of(lab) = -9.16parts per thousand) were considerably larger than the range (-1.4parts per thousand to -2.4parts per thousand) previously reported for aerobic biodegradation of MTBE in laboratory incubations. These observations strongly suggest that delta(13)C of MTBE could be potentially useful as an "indicator" of in-situ MTBE biodegradation. C1 Grp Environm Management Co, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, ORD NRMRL, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Kolhatkar, R (reprint author), Grp Environm Management Co, 150 W Warrenville Rd, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. NR 52 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5139 EP 5146 DI 10.1021/es025704i PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000032 PM 12523431 ER PT J AU Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR AF Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR TI Enhanced contact of cosolvent and DNAPL in porous media by concurrent injection of cosolvent and air SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REMEDIATION; FLOW; VISUALIZATION; DISPLACEMENT; MOBILIZATION; MICROMODEL; FIELD; FLUID AB Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination is a major environmental problem. Cosolvent flooding is proposed as a remedial alternative to water flooding. The efficacy of cosolvent flooding is a function of the degree of contact between the injected remedial fluid and the resident DNAPL. Poor contact may result from remedial fluids traveling in preferential flow paths which bypass trapped DNAPL. Thus, the motivation for this study was to use the preferential flow of air in porous media to enhance contact between the injected cosolvent and resident DNAPL. The study evaluated concurrent injection of cosolvent and air to improve the spatial extent of DNAPL removal in porous media. A 70% ethanol/30% water (v/v) cosolvent was injected simultaneously with air into a micron-model containing residual tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Double drainage displacement was observed as a dominant DNAPL removal mechanism in the initial period of the cosolvent-air flooding (i.e., gas displaced PCE that displaced water). The residual PCE residing in the preferential paths traversed by air was readily displaced. In addition to this initial PCE mobilization, air flowing through the preferential flow paths displaced cosolvent from these paths into other flow paths and facilitated dissolution of PCE. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wood, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect Remediat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5238 EP 5244 DI 10.1021/es0157705 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000044 PM 12523443 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Kelty, CA Sharpless, CM Linden, KG Fromme, W Metz, DH Kashinkunti, R AF Magnuson, ML Kelty, CA Sharpless, CM Linden, KG Fromme, W Metz, DH Kashinkunti, R TI Effect of UV irradiation on organic matter extracted from treated Ohio River water studied through the use of electrospray mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; DISSOLVED LIGNIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; CARBON AB Ohio River water was treated by settling, sand filtration, and granular activated carbon filtration, It was then irradiated by low-pressure (monochromatic) and medium-pressure (polychromatic) UV lamps to investigate the effects of UV irradiation on the extracted organic matter (EOM). When the EOM, collected by solid phase extraction cartridges, was analyzed by conventional UV spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), no significant changes in the EOM were revealed for various UV doses. Positive and negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of the EOM produced mass spectra that vary significantly with UV dose. The UV dosage conditions also appear to affect the reactivity of the EOM to subsequent chlorination. The magnitude of the spectral changes is generally greater for medium-pressure lamps than for low pressure and increases with UV exposure. Based on the observed MS peaks, the changes may be due to the presence of lignin, resulting perhaps from photooxidation and/or photorearrangement of macromolecules in the sample. When chlorination is-used for secondary disinfection, these results suggest that it may be important to consider the effects of UV irradiation on the organic matter in the water before applying UV disinfection technology to a particular source water. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resouces Div,Treatment Techn, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resouces Div,Treatment Techn, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5252 EP 5260 DI 10.1021/es020752o PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000046 PM 12528657 ER PT J AU Llanso, RJ Scott, LC Dauer, DM Hyland, JL Russell, DE AF Llanso, RJ Scott, LC Dauer, DM Hyland, JL Russell, DE TI An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity for the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. I. Classification of assemblages and habitat definition SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-CAROLINA; COMMUNITIES; MACROBENTHOS; GRADIENTS; PATTERNS; MARINE AB An objective of the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (MAIA) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to develop an index for assessing benthic community condition in estuaries of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States (Delaware Bay through Pamlico Sound). To develop such an index, natural unimpaired communities must first be identified and variability related to natural factors accounted for. This study focused on these two objectives; Llanso et al. (2002) describe the index. Using existing data sets from multiple years, classification analyses of species abundance and discriminant analysis were employed to identify major habitat types in the MAIA region and evaluate the physical characteristics that structure benthic infaunal assemblages. Sampling was restricted to soft bottoms and to the, index development period, July through early October. The analyses revealed salinity and sediment composition as major factors structuring infaunal assemblages in mid-Atlantic estuaries. Geographical location was a secondary factor. Nine habitat classes were distinguished as a combination of 6 salinity classes, 2 sediment types, and the separation of North Carolina and Delaware-Chesapeake Bay polyhaline sites. The effect of sediment types on faunal assemblages was restricted to polyhaline sites, which were separated into two sediment groups above and below 90% sand content. Assemblages corresponding to each of these 9 habitats were identified in the context of widely recognized patterns of dominant taxa. Differences between North Carolina and Delaware-Chesapeake Bay polyhaline assemblages were attributed to the relative contributions of species and not to differences in species composition. No zoogeographic discontinuities could be identified. Our results reinforce the findings of recent studies which suggest that, with respect to estuarine benthic assemblages, the boundary between the Virginian and the Carolinian Provinces be moved to a new location south of Pamlico Sound. C1 Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US EPA, Reg 3, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Llanso, RJ (reprint author), Versar Inc, 9200 Rumsey Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 43 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6A BP 1219 EP 1230 DI 10.1007/BF02692219 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639CZ UT WOS:000180611200016 ER PT J AU Llanso, RJ Scott, LC Hyland, JL Dauer, DM Russell, DE Kutz, FW AF Llanso, RJ Scott, LC Hyland, JL Dauer, DM Russell, DE Kutz, FW TI An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity for the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. II. Index Development SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA; NORTH-CAROLINA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; QUALITY AB A benthic index of biotic integrity was developed for use in estuaries of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States (Delaware Bay estuary through Albemarle-Pamlico Sound). The index was developed for the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (MAIA) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency using procedures similar to those applied previously in Chesapeake Bay and southeastern estuaries, and was based on sampling in July through early October. Data from seven federal and state sampling programs were used to categorize sites as degraded or non-degraded based on dissolved oxygen, sediment contaminant, and sediment toxicity criteria. Various metrics of benthic community structure and function that distinguished between degraded and reference (non-degraded) sites were selected for each of five major habitat types defined by classification analysis of assemblages. Each metric was scored according to thresholds established on the distribution of values at reference sites, so that sites with low scoring metrics would be expected to show signs of degradation. For each habitat, metrics that correctly classified at least 50% of the degraded sites in the calibration data set were selected whenever possible to derive the index. The final index integrated the average score of the combination of metrics that performed best according to several criteria. Selected metrics included measures of productivity (abundance), diversity (number of taxa, Shannon-Wiener diversity, percent dominance), species composition and life history (percent abundance of pollution-indicative taxa, percent abundance of pollution-sensitive taxa, percent abundance of Bivalvia, Tanypodinae-Chironomidae abundance ratio), and trophic composition (percent abundance of deep-deposit feeders). The index correctly classified 82% of all sites in an independent data set-Classification efficiencies of sites were higher in the mesohaline and polyhaline habitats (81-92%) than in the oligohaline (71%) and the tidal freshwater (61%). Although application of the index to low salinity habitats should be done with caution, the MAIA index appeared to be quite reliable with a high likelihood of correctly identifying both degraded and non-degraded conditions. The index is expected to be of great utility in regional assessments as a tool for evaluating the integrity of benthic assemblages and tracking their condition over time. C1 Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. US EPA, Reg 3, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Llanso, RJ (reprint author), Versar Inc, 9200 Rumsey Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6A BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.1007/BF02692220 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639CZ UT WOS:000180611200017 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, C TI EPA update: Regulation of arsenic in drinking water affects ground water systems SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00652.x PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 525FB UT WOS:000174057200002 ER PT J AU Utell, MJ Frampton, MW Zareba, W Devlin, RB Cascio, WE AF Utell, MJ Frampton, MW Zareba, W Devlin, RB Cascio, WE TI Cardiovascular effects associated with air pollution: Potential mechanisms and methods of testing SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; OIL FLY-ASH; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION; RISK; EXPOSURE; INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; MORTALITY AB A recent series of epidemiologic reports have shown associations between fine particulate matter (PM) levels and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated PM levels have been linked with cardiac events, including serious ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. A workshop brought together epidemiologists, cardiologists, and toxicologists from academia, government, and industry to examine plausible mechanisms that could be responsible for such effects, and to consider the armamentarium of noninvasive tests available to examine these relationships. Possible mechanisms considered by the participants include: (a) effects on the autonomic nervous system; (b) alterations on ion channel function in myocardial cells; (c) ischemic responses in the myocardium; and (d) inflammatory responses triggering endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. A large number of tests were identified to assess specific mechanistic pathways underlying the cardiovascular effects of air pollution and include: (a) autonomic control of the cardiovascular system assessed primarily by heart-rate variability; (b) myocardial substrate and vulnerability assessed by the electrocardiogram and estimations of ejection fraction and wall motion abnormalities in imaging studies; and (c) endothelial function, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis assessed by clotting parameters, cytokines, lipid profiles, and forearm blood flow. A variety of approaches ranging from molecular and genetic investigations to human clinical studies were recommended to further investigate the important epidemiologic associations. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Utell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm, Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. NR 39 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1231 EP 1247 DI 10.1080/08958370290084881 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 626FP UT WOS:000179861800003 PM 12454788 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS TI Micro-particle transport and deposition in a human oral airway model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE human oral airway; laminar-to-turbulent airflow; particle deposition; computational fluid-particle dynamics simulations ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; INHALED PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FLOW; PATTERNS AB Laminar-to-turbulent air flow for typical inhalation modes as well as micro-particle transport and wall deposition in a representative human oral airway model have been simulated using a commercial finite-volume code with user-enhanced programs. The computer model has been validated with experimental airflow and particle deposition data sets. For the first time, accurate local and segmentally averaged particle deposition fractions have been computed under transitional and turbulent flow conditions. Specifically, turbulence that occurs after the constriction in the oral airways for moderate and high-level breathing can enhance particle deposition in the trachea near the larynx, but it is more likely to affect the deposition of smaller particles, say, S-t < 0.05. Particles released around the top/bottom zone of the inlet plane more easily deposit on the curved oral airway surface. Although more complicated geometric features of the oral airway may have a measurable effect on particle deposition, the present simulations with a relatively simple geometry exhibit the main features of laminar-transitional-turbulent particle suspension flows in actual human oral airways. Hence, the present model may serve as the "entryway" for simulating and analyzing airflow and particle deposition in the lung. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910 3211,Broughton Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1635 EP 1652 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00122-2 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00122-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633NX UT WOS:000180290300003 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Cho, YS AF Kim, HJ Cho, YS TI Estimating willingness to pay for reduced copper contamination in southwestern Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation method; copper contamination; drinking water quality; willingness to pay ID GROUNDWATER PROTECTION; CONTINGENT VALUATION; QUALITY AB The contingent valuation method is applied to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to reduce copper in their drinking water and what factors influence their willingness to pay (WTP). The annual mean WTP per household was estimated using survey data from nine counties in southwestern Minnesota where copper contamination is high. The annual mean WTP per household varied from a low range of $30.41 to $43.61 for Chippewa County to a high range of $39.79 to $57.06 for Nobles County. The aggregate WTP for all nine counties was estimated to range from $1.66 to $2.38 million. However, the estimated WTP may not be sufficient to pay the cost of providing improved water through public water systems for small communities in southwestern Minnesota. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 450 EP 463 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300010 ER PT J AU Fournie, JW Courtney, LA AF Fournie, JW Courtney, LA TI Histopathological evidence of regeneration following hepatotoxic effects of the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR in the hardhead catfish and gulf killifish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CYCLIC PEPTIDE TOXIN; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; NETPEN LIVER-DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; AERUGINOSA; HEPATOCYTES; PATHOLOGY; TOXICITY; FISHES AB The cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) causes liver damage in several freshwater fish species. In the present study, two estuarine species, hardhead catfish Arius felis and gulf killifish Fundulus grandis, were injected intraperitoneally with MC-LR at 45-300 mug/kg and their livers examined histopathologically for up to 23 d postinjection (PI) in the catfish and 5 d PI in the killifish. The livers from both species exhibited extensive, diffuse hepatocellular necrosis by 6 h PI. The necrosis persisted, and by day 2 large numbers of basophilic cells had emerged throughout the liver parenchyma. These cells occurred individually or in small clusters. By 72 It, the basophilic cells appeared to be highly proliferative with numerous mitotic figures and were arranged in cords and tubules similar to mature hepatic parenchyma. Regeneration of the liver parenchyma was noted in gulf killifish at 5 d PI, as tracts of basophilic cells were still evident. In hardhead catfish, there were no signs of necrosis or proliferating basophilic cells by 9 d PI, and the hepatic parenchyma appeared normal except for the vacuolation of many hepatocytes and some areas of hepatic megalocytosis. The degenerative changes in the two species studied were similar to but more pronounced than those observed in freshwater fish species exposed to MC-LR. Evidence of regeneration from the hepatotoxic effects of MC-LR suggests that the toxin can be used to study regenerative processes in fish livers. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Fournie, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0273:HEORFH>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 636FH UT WOS:000180443600005 ER PT J AU Brooks, MC Annable, MD Rao, PSC Hatfield, K Jawitz, JW Wise, WR Wood, AL Enfield, CG AF Brooks, MC Annable, MD Rao, PSC Hatfield, K Jawitz, JW Wise, WR Wood, AL Enfield, CG TI Controlled release, blind tests of DNAPL characterization using partitioning tracers SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracer test; partitioning tracer; DNAPL; perchloroethylene; groundwater; site characterization ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; REMEDIATION PERFORMANCE; SOURCE ZONE; NAPL; NONLINEARITIES; SATURATION; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER AB The partitioning tracer technique for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) characterization was evaluated in an isolated test cell, in which controlled releases of perchloroethylene (PCE) had occurred. Four partitioning tracer tests were conducted, two using an inverted, double five-spot pumping pattern, and two using vertical circulation wells. Two of the four tests were conducted prior to remedial activities, and two were conducted after. Each test was conducted as a "blind test" where researchers conducting the partitioning tracer tests had no knowledge of the volume, method of release, nor resulting spatial distribution of DNAPL. Multiple partitioning tracers were used in each test, and the DNAPL volume estimates varied significantly within each test based on the different partitioning tracers. The tracers with large partitioning coefficients generally predicted a smaller volume of PCE than that expected based on the actual release volume. However, these predictions were made for low DNAPL saturations (average saturation was approximately 0.003), under conditions near the limits of the method's application. Furthermore, there were several factors that may have hindered prediction accuracy, including tracer degradation and remedial fluid interference. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Program Hydrol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Annable, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Program Hydrol Sci, 217 Black Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Jawitz, James/G-5819-2013 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 210 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00057-8 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00057-8 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 616PW UT WOS:000179313000002 PM 12487413 ER PT J AU Brown, BS Munns, WR Paul, JF AF Brown, BS Munns, WR Paul, JF TI An approach to integrated ecological assessment of resource condition: the Mid-Atlantic estuaries as a case study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE integrated assessment; ecological condition; EMAP; MAIA AB The complex and interconnected nature of ecological systems often makes it difficult to understand and prevent multiresource, multistressor problems. This article describes a process to assess ecological condition at regional scales. The article also describes how the approach was applied to the Mid-Atlantic estuaries, where it focused on characterizing the current state of the environment rather than on predicting future effects from humans. The necessity for iteration during the exercise showed how important it was to identify the purpose of the assessment and its users, that appropriate, consistent data are lacking for large-scale assessments, and that it remains a challenge to communicate succinctly the results of such an assessment. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Brown, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM brown.barbara@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 411 EP 427 DI 10.1006/jema.2002.0598 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621WX UT WOS:000179614900005 PM 12503496 ER PT J AU Kendall, M Duarte, A Rocha-Santos, T Hamilton, R Williams, I AF Kendall, M Duarte, A Rocha-Santos, T Hamilton, R Williams, I TI Airborne particulate-associated polyaromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, elemental and organic carbon in three European cities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR MARKER ANALYSIS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AIR-POLLUTION; LONDON AIR; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES; DIESEL; MATTER; URBAN AB Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected weekly over a period of one year at four European sites during 1995/6. Two sites were in London-a Central London site (CL, St Paul's Cathedral) and a suburban North London site (NL, Bounds Green); the other two sites were in Porto, Portugal and Vienna, Austria. TSP was collected using a low volume sampler. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured using a thermal-optical carbon analyser. Parallel samplers collected TSP for subsequent GC-MS analysis of thirty-nine combustion-associated organic compounds; 16 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 23 n-alkanes. OC and EC correlate well at all sites (r(2) = 0.39-0.65), although the London inter-site correlations were low, suggesting that local sources of OC and EC have a significant influence on local concentrations. Concentrations do not vary widely across the four urban sites, despite the significant differences in urban characteristics. Seasonal patterns of OC: EC ratios were similar at the London and Vienna sites, with highest ratios in autumn and winter, and annual mean OC: EC ratios were identical at these sites. The Carbon Preference Index (CPI) indicated vehicle emissions to have a stronger influence over particulate concentrations at the Vienna and central London sites there was a stronger biogenic signature in north London and Porto. In addition, two PAH compounds (pyrene and fluoranthene) previously associated with diesel exhaust, were correlated with OC and EC concentrations at the London and Vienna sites. C1 NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, US EPA, Partikulate Matter Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810 Aveiro, Portugal. Inst Piaget, ISEIT, P-3510655 Viseu, Portugal. Middlesex Univ, Sch Hlth Biol & Environm Sci, London N11 2NQ, England. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Environm Management, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Kendall, M (reprint author), NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, US EPA, Partikulate Matter Ctr, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. RI Rocha-Santos, Teresa/A-2355-2009; Duarte, Armando/C-1424-2008 OI Rocha-Santos, Teresa/0000-0003-3660-4116; Duarte, Armando/0000-0002-4868-4099 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.1039/b203888a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635MX UT WOS:000180404300010 PM 12509041 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Todd, P Walker, OA AF Walker, JT Todd, P Walker, OA TI Heritable non-lethal damage to cultured human cells irradiated with heavy ions SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Space Radiation Research CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; X-IRRADIATION; INSTABILITY; INDUCTION; RADIATION AB During interplanetary flights the nuclei of all of a crew member's cells could be traversed by at least one high-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) cosmic-ray particle. In mammalian cells irradiated in vitro about 1 in 10,000 of the surviving cells traversed by heavy particles is transformed to malignancy or mutated. What, if anything, happens to the remaining >99% of surviving cells? A retrospective analysis of archived data and samples from heavy-ion irradiation experiments with cultured human cells in vitro indicated that heavy ions caused a dose- and LET-dependent reduction in growth rates of progeny of irradiated cells, based on colony-size distributions. The maximum action cross section for this effect is between 100 and 300 mum(2) at least as large as the cell nuclear area and up to 3 times the cross section for cell killing. Thus, heritable slow growth is the most prevalent effect of high-LET radiations on cultured animal cells, which may have implications for crew health during deep space travel. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Space Hardware Optimizat Technol Inc, Greenville, IN 47124 USA. JTW Res Inst, La Plata, MD 20646 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code 8623-D,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA-35370, R01 CA-24090, R01 CA-17536] NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 SU S BP S187 EP S191 PG 5 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 699AK UT WOS:000184033600036 PM 12793756 ER PT J AU Baldauf, RW Wiener, RW Heist, DK AF Baldauf, RW Wiener, RW Heist, DK TI Methodology for siting ambient air monitors at the neighborhood scale SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In siting a monitor to measure compliance with U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM), there is a need to characterize variations in PM concentration within a neighborhood-scale region to achieve monitor siting objectives. A simple methodology is provided here for the selection of a neighborhood-scale site for meeting either of the two objectives identified for PM monitoring. This methodology is based on analyzing middle-scale (from 100 to 500 m) data from within the area of interest. The required data can be obtained from widely available dispersion models and emissions databases. The performance of the siting methodology was evaluated in a neighborhood-scale field study conducted in Hudson County, NJ, to characterize the area's inhalable particulate (PM10) concentrations. Air monitors were located within a 2- by 2-km area in the vicinity of the Lincoln Tunnel entrance in Hudson County. Results indicate the siting methodology performed well, providing a positive relationship between the predicted concentration rank at each site and the actual rank experienced during the field study. Also discussed are factors that adversely affected the predictive capabilities of the model. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Methods & Monitoring Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Baldauf, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1433 EP 1442 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 632TP UT WOS:000180239200008 PM 12540048 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Rowsey, PJ Yang, YL AF Gordon, CJ Rowsey, PJ Yang, YL TI Effect of repeated nicotine exposure on core temperature and motor activity in male and female rats. SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperthermia; hypothermia; cholinergic agonist; gender differences ID BODY-TEMPERATURE AB Comparatively little is known about the thermoregulatory effects of single and repeated administration of nicotine. Nicotine is a relatively fast acting drug that induces transient changes in core temperature (T-c) of rodents. The development of radio telemetry allows one to detect subtle and rapid changes in T-c that otherwise are difficult to measure with conventional colonic probe techniques. To this end, T-c and motor activity (MA) were monitored by radio telemetry in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following five daily injections of saline or nicotine tartrate (0.5 mg/ kg; sc). The first injection of saline led to a transient increase in T-c that was attributed to the handling and injection procedures. Rats dosed with nicotine for the first time were hypothermic for approximately 2h after injection. The hypothermia was attributed to an impaired increase in T-c from handling and injection. A transient hyperthermic response began to develop with each successive injection of nicotine. After the fourth injection of nicotine, T-c of male rats increased by 0.5degreesC above controls; T-c of females increased by 0.25degreesC above controls after the fifth injection. MA also increased transiently with each injection of saline and nicotine. The MA response of females was significantly greater than the males for the second through fifth injections of nicotine. Overall, the thermoregulatory system develops sensitization with 4-5 repeated injections of nicotine. The mediation of a hyperthermic response to a systemically administered cholinergic agonist is a novel effect. It may aid in understanding the delayed hyperthermic response to organophosphate pesticides. The sensitization of the thermoregulatory system to nicotine may shed light on the neuropharmacological mechanisms of this drug. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 6 BP 485 EP 492 AR PII S0306-4565(02)00021-9 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00021-9 PG 8 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 619DB UT WOS:000179457800005 ER PT J AU Hester, JD Varma, M Bobst, AM Ware, MW Lindquist, HDA Schaefer, FW AF Hester, JD Varma, M Bobst, AM Ware, MW Lindquist, HDA Schaefer, FW TI Species-specific detection of three human-pathogenic microsporidial species from the genus Encephalitozoon via fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease PCR assays SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease; Encephalitozoon; real-time PCR; microsporidia; Taqman (R) ID REAL-TIME PCR; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM CONIDIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; B VIRUS-DNA; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; FLUORESCENCE PCR; RAPID DETECTION; AIDS PATIENT; CUNICULI AB This study describes fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assays suitable for rapid, sensitive, high-throughput detection of the human-pathogenic microsporidial species Encephalitozoon hellem, E. cuniculi and E.intestinalis. The assays utilize species-specific primer sets and a genus-specific dual fluorescent-labeled probe that anneals to a region within the Encephalitozoon 16S rRNA gene. The assay design theoretically permits the probe to be used either with one set of primers for species-level determination or with a combination of all three primer sets for a genus-level screening of samples. The linear range of all three species-specific calibration curves that were developed using serial ten-fold dilutions of genomic DNA isolated from hemacytometer counted spores was determined to be between 10(4) and 10(-1) spores per PCR sample. The coefficients of variation were less than or equal to5.2% over the entire 5-log span of each calibration curve. When DNA isolated from flow cytometric enumerated spores from each of the three Encephalitozoon species was used to evaluate the quantitative capability of the species' respective calibration curves, the results from 34 out of 36 (94%) samples were within 2 standard deviations. The species-specificity of each assay was confirmed using DNA isolated from 10(4) spores from each of the other two Encephalitozoon species as well as DNA extracted from numerous other protozoa, algae and bacteria. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1006/mcpr.2002.0442 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 626LU UT WOS:000179874600006 PM 12490145 ER PT J AU Tillar, R Shafer, TJ Woodward, JJ AF Tillar, R Shafer, TJ Woodward, JJ TI Toluene inhibits voltage-sensitive calcium channels expressed in pheochromocytoma cells SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE abused solvents; calcium channels; calcium imaging ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; XENOPUS OOCYTES; INHALANT ABUSE; PC12 CELLS; ETHANOL; MICE; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; RATS; HALOTHANE AB Commercial solvents such as toluene are commonly used as drugs of abuse by children and adolescents. The cellular and molecular sites and mechanisms of actions of these compounds are not well studied but their effects on behavior resemble those of central nervous system depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. In this study, the effects of toluene on voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) were measured in pheochromocytoma cells. The KCl-induced rise in intracellular calcium as measured by calcium imaging was almost completely blocked by the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine verifying that undifferentiated pheochromocytoma cells express mainly the L-type of calcium channel. Toluene (0.3-3000 muM) by itself did not affect intracellular calcium levels in resting cells but dose-dependently inhibited the KCl-induced rise in calcium. This inhibition was substantially reversed upon washout of the toluene-containing solution. KCl-dependent increases in intracellular calcium in cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) were largely insensitive to nifedipine. Toluene produced a greater inhibition of the KCl response in NGF treated cells as compared with undifferentiated cells. A similar finding was obtained when whole-cell patch-clamp-electrophysiology was used to directly monitor the effects of toluene on voltage-activated calcium currents in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. These results show that dihydropyridine sensitive and insensitive calcium channels are inhibited by toluene and may represent important sites of action for this compound. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Woodward, JJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, 67 President St,IOP4N,POB 250861, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA00238, AA09986]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013951] NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0197-0186 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 391 EP 397 AR PII S0197-0186(02)00048-7 DI 10.1016/S0197-0186(02)00048-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 598VR UT WOS:000178297600003 PM 12213226 ER PT J AU Raub, JA Benignus, VA AF Raub, JA Benignus, VA TI Carbon monoxide and the nervous system SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE central nervous system; neurobehavior; carbon monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; HEME OXYGENASE; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RELAXING FACTOR; CO HYPOXIA; BRAIN; EXPOSURE AB Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and non-irritating gas formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. It enters the bloodstream through the lungs and attaches to hemoglobin (Hb), the body's oxygen carrier, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and thereby reducing oxygen (O-2) delivery to the body's organs and tissues. High COHb concentrations are poisonous. Central nervous system (CNS) effects in individuals suffering acute CO poisoning cover a wide range, depending on severity of exposure: headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, confusion, collapse, and coma. At lower concentrations, CNS effects include reduction in visual perception, manual dexterity, learning, driving performance, and attention level. Earlier work is frequently cited to justify the statement that CO exposure sufficient to produce COHb levels of ca. 5% would be sufficient to produce visual sensitivity reduction and various neurobehavioral performance deficits. In a recent literature re-evaluation, however, the best estimate was that [COHb] would have to rise to 15-20% before a 10% reduction in any behavioral or visual measurement could be observed. This conclusion Was based on (1) critical review of the literature on behavioral and sensory effects, (2) review and interpretation of the physiological effects of COHb on the CNS, (3) extrapolation from the effects of hypoxic hypoxia to the effects of CO hypoxia, and (4) extrapolation from rat behavioral effects of CO to humans. Also covered in this review article are effects of chronic CO exposure, the discovery of neuroglobin, a summary of the relatively new role for endogenous CO in neurotransmission and vascular homeostasis, groups which might be especially sensitive to CO, and recommendations on further research. The interested reader is directed to other published reviews of the literature on CO and historically seminal references that form our understanding of this ubiquitous gas. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Raub, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 87 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 8 BP 925 EP 940 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(03)00002-2 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 666XJ UT WOS:000182201500004 PM 12667497 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Tingey, DT Rygiewicz, PT Johnson, MG Olszyk, DM AF Hobbie, EA Tingey, DT Rygiewicz, PT Johnson, MG Olszyk, DM TI Contributions of current year photosynthate to fine roots estimated using a C-13-depleted CO2 source SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE climate change; isotopic fractionation; root carbon; root turnover; stable isotopes ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; TURNOVER; GROWTH; PLANT; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN AB The quantification of root turnover is necessary for a complete understanding of plant carbon (C) budgets, especially in terms of impacts of global climate change. To improve estimates of root turnover, we present a method to distinguish current- from prior-year allocation of carbon (C) to roots in global change experiments by using changes in C-13:C-12 ratios (delta(13)C values) resulting from application of C-13-depleted, tank-derived CO2. In a 4-year study examining effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on reconstructed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga mensiezii) ecosystems, delta(13)C patterns of fine roots and foliage were measured yearly. Native soil of low nitrogen (N) content was used, so plant N supply relied on natural soil N processes. Under these N-limited conditions, elevated CO2 or temperature did not affect the proportion of fine root C derived from current- year photosynthate. Regression analyses showed that 75% of fine root C originated from current- year photosynthate. The method is useful as an independent measure of the contribution of current- year photosynthate to root C and could be used to improve estimates of root C budgets with concurrent measurements of root C pools. We calculated a C-13 enrichment of root C relative to foliar C of 2%. This enrichment agrees with prior measurements of the enrichment of heterotrophic versus autotrophic plant tissues and must be accounted for when using shifts in foliar delta(13)C to calculate inputs of plant C into the soil. This enrichment probably contributes to the progressive enrichment in C-13 with increasing depth in soil profiles. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, CSRC, EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2002 VL 247 IS 2 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1023/A:1021580232181 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 624EH UT WOS:000179747000006 ER PT J AU Rezvani, AH Bushnell, PJ Levin, ED AF Rezvani, AH Bushnell, PJ Levin, ED TI Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on choice accuracy in an operant visual signal detection task in female rats SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention; nicotinic systems; signal detection task; cognition ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; BASAL FOREBRAIN; MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; DISORDER; ANIMALS; DISEASE; ADULTS; PATCH AB Rationale: During the past decade, central nicotinic systems have been shown in both experimental animals and humans to play an important role in cognitive function. However, the way in which specific aspects of cognitive function are affected by nicotinic systems has remained unclear. In humans, the most pronounced action of nicotine is to improve attention, but in rats, memory improvement is more easily seen. This may be due to differences in methods for assessing attention in rats and humans or to species differences in the roles of nicotinic systems in cognitive function. In the current study, we explored the effects of nicotine and mecamylamine using an operant visual signal detection task designed to model sustained attention processes common to rats and humans. Methods: Adult female rats (n=35) were trained to perform the signal detection task to a stable baseline of about 75% accuracy. The rats were then assigned to two subgroups of high and low accuracy based on overall accuracy (hits and correct rejections) at the end of training. All rats were then injected (SC, 10 min before testing) with saline or different doses of nicotine (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) or the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg). Results: A low dose range of nicotine (0.0125, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/ kg) caused a dose-related increase in percent correct rejection. This dose range did not affect correct detections of the signal (percent hit). Higher doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) did not affect percent correct rejection, but did have a time-dependent effect on percent hit. Early in the session, the higher doses of nicotine reduced percent hit, whereas during the later part of the session higher doses of nicotine increased percent hit. Effects of nicotine did not differ between the high- and low-accuracy rats. Mecamylamine decreased choice accuracy, reducing both percent hit and percent correct rejection. Mecamylamine reduced percent hit in the low-accuracy rats at a lower drug dose than in the high-accuracy rats. Conclusions: These results support the involvement of nicotinic systems in attention in rats, as has been shown in humans. This rat model of sustained attention may provide a good approach to studying neural mechanisms underlying the effects of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on attention and a means to evaluate the potential of novel nicotinic agonists to counteract attentional dysfunction. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Neurobehav Res Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Rezvani, AH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Neurobehav Res Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA11943] NR 23 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0033-3158 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY JI Psychopharmacology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 164 IS 4 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s00213-002-1221-0 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 628MB UT WOS:000179998300004 PM 12457266 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB AF Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB TI A combined analysis of North American case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer: An update SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 23-26, 2002 CL DEERFIELD BEACH, FLORIDA SP American Statist Assoc ID INDOOR RADON; EXPOSURE; RISK; FINLAND; WOMEN C1 NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Lakehead Univ, Ctr Excellence Children & Adolescents Special Nee, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Canc Epidemiol, Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Hlth Protect Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000018 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Smolenski, S Hattis, D Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, G Smolenski, S Hattis, D Sonawane, B TI Population distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphism: Implications for risk assessment SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic polymorphism; aldehyde dehydrogenase; pharmacokinetics; variability; risk assessment ID ALDH2 POLYMORPHISM; ALCOHOL METABOLISM; ACETALDEHYDE METABOLISM; JAPANESE ALCOHOLICS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; VINYL-CHLORIDE; MITOCHONDRIAL; LYMPHOCYTES; GENOTYPES AB The role of genetic polymorphisms in modulating xenobiotic metabolism and susceptibility to cancer and other health effects has been suggested in numerous studies. However, risk assessments have generally not used this information to characterize population variability or adjust risks for susceptible subgroups. This paper focuses upon the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) system because it exemplifies the pivotal role genetic polymorphisms can play in determining enzyme function and susceptibility. Allelic variants in ALDH2 cause decreased ability to clear acetaldehyde and other aldehyde substrates, with homozygous variants (ALDH2*2/2) having no activity and heterozygotes (ALDH2* 1/2) having intermediate activity relative to the predominant wild type (ALDH2* 1/1). These polymorphisms are associated with increased buildup of acetaldehyde following ethanol ingestion and increased immediate symptoms (flushing syndrome) and long-term cancer risks. We have used Monte Carlo simulation to characterize the population distribution of ALDH2 allelic variants and inter-individual variability in aldehyde internal dose. The nonfunctional allele is rare in most populations, but is common in Asians such that 40% are heterozygotes and 5% are homozygote variants. The ratio of the 95th or 99th percentiles of the Asian population compared to the median of the U.S. population is 14- to 26-fold, a variability factor that is larger than the default pharmacokinetic uncertainty factor (3.2-fold) commonly used in risk assessment. Approaches are described for using ALDH2 population distributions in physiologically based pharmacokinetic-Monte Carlo refinements of risk assessments for xenobiotics which are metabolized to aldehyde intermediates (e.g., ethanol, toluene, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1006/rtph.2002.1591 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 622BR UT WOS:000179627100008 PM 12473414 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Carlsen, L AF Walker, JD Carlsen, L TI QSARs for identifying and prioritizing substances with persistence and bioconcentration potential SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSARs; persistence; bioconcentration; partial order ranking; Hasse diagrams ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICALS; RANKING; SMILES; OZONE AB From the 8511 chemicals with 1998 production volumes reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC's) Degradation Effects Bioconcentration Information Testing Strategies (DEBITS) was used to identify 56 chemicals. The DEBITS Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) and the U.S EPA's PBT profiler QSARs were used to predict the persistence and bioconcentration factors of these 56 chemicals. Partial order ranking was used to prioritise the chemicals based on persistence and bioconcentration potential. C1 US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Technol & Social Studies, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, 7401M,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Carlsen, Lars/D-9058-2012 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 7-8 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.1080/1062936021000043454 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 611UN UT WOS:000179036300008 PM 12570048 ER PT J AU Adams, J Bittner, P Buttar, HS Chambers, CD Collins, TFX Daston, GP Filkins, K Flynn, TJ Graham, JM Jones, KL Kimmel, C Lammer, E Librizzi, R Mitala, J Polifka, JE AF Adams, J Bittner, P Buttar, HS Chambers, CD Collins, TFX Daston, GP Filkins, K Flynn, TJ Graham, JM Jones, KL Kimmel, C Lammer, E Librizzi, R Mitala, J Polifka, JE TI Statement of the public affairs committee of the teratology society on the fetal alcohol syndrome SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL EXPOSURE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; WESTERN-CAPE; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; WOMEN; DEFICITS; ETHANOL; FAS C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Therapeut Prod Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45245 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Med Genet, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Johnson & Johnson LLC, Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ 08837 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, TERIS, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Chambers, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol Teratol, 8446,200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. OI Flynn, Thomas/0000-0002-7248-0643 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1002/tera.10118 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 630EB UT WOS:000180093600012 PM 12486768 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Lambright, C Ostby, J Gray, LE AF Wilson, VS Lambright, C Ostby, J Gray, LE TI In vitro and in vivo effects of 17 beta-trenbolone: A feedlot effluent contaminant SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-trenbolone; environmental androgen; feedlot contaminant; in vivo; in vitro; in utero screen ID ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT TISSUES; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; MALE-RAT; RECEPTOR; MALFORMATIONS; VINCLOZOLIN; METABOLISM; FUNGICIDE; BINDING; GROWTH AB Concern has arisen regarding the presence and persistence of trenbolone in the environment. Trenbolone acetate is an anabolic steroid used to promote growth in beef cattle. It is hydrolyzed to the active compound, 17beta-trenbolone (TB), which is also one of the metabolites excreted by cattle. Reproductive alterations have been reported in fish living in waters receiving cattle feedlot effluent, and in vitro androgenic activity displayed by feedlot effluent samples has been related to these effects. In the current study, the androgenic potency of TB was examined both in vitro and in short-term in vivo assays. TB was a high affinity ligand for the androgen receptor (AR), with an IC50 of about 4 nM in rat ventral prostate cytosol and about 33 nM in cells transfected with the human AR when competed with 1 nM [H-3]R1881. TB induced AR-dependent gene expression in MDA-kb2 cells with a potency equal to or greater than dihydrotestosterone. In immunocytochemistry experiments with the human AR, concentrations as low as I pM significantly induced androgen-dependent translocation of the AR into the cell nucleus. TB also displayed antiglucocorticoid activity in vitro, inhibiting dexamethasone-induced transcriptional activity, and reduced adrenal gland size in vivo. In the Hershberger assay (in vivo), TB was as potent as testosterone propionate in tissues that lack 5alpha-reductase but less effective at increasing weight of tissues with this enzyme. Such tissue specificity was anticipated because other C-19 norsteroidal androgens display a similar profile in this assay. Subcutaneous TB treatment was about 50- to 100-fold more effective in stimulating growth of androgen-dependent tissues than was oral treatment. In our in utero screening assay, maternal TB administration increased AGD and attenuated the display of nipples in female offspring in a dose-related manner, similar to the published effects of testosterone propionate. Previous studies have documented that these types of malformations in newborn and infant rats are not only permanent effects but are also highly correlated with serious reproductive malformations as adults. In summary, TB is a potent environmental androgen both in vitro and in vivo and, in contrast to other reports, can induce developmental abnormalities in the fetus. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 40 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1093/toxsci/70.2.202 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 621XB UT WOS:000179615300007 PM 12441365 ER PT J AU Tallent-Halsell, NG Walker, LR AF Tallent-Halsell, NG Walker, LR TI Responses of Salix gooddingii and Tamarix ramosissima to flooding SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Goodding willow; Salix gooddingii; saltcedar; Tamarix ramosissima; impoundments; Lake Mohave; restoration ecology; riparian ecology ID RIVER-MARGIN VEGETATION; WATER-TABLE; RIO-GRANDE; GRAVEL-PIT; RIPARIAN; ESTABLISHMENT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; SALTCEDAR; SEEDLINGS AB Impoundments create unnatural shorelines that differ from lake shorelines in patterns of waterlevel fluctuations, flow, sediment transport, and shoreline vegetation dynamics. Shoreline plant communities of impoundments in the American Southwest often become dominated by mature, senescent Populus and Salix, with few if any seedlings. The failure of native plant community replacement is exacerbated by the fact that Tamarix, a prolific invader, is abundant on regulated rivers and occupies extensive areas along the shores of impoundments. Efforts to replant natives within the drawdown zone surrounding Lake Mohave, a lower Colorado River impoundment bordering Nevada and Arizona, have not been successful. A greenhouse experiment was designed to examine the responses of cuttings of a native species, Salix gooddingii (Goodding willow), and the invasive species, Tarnarix romosissinia (salt cedar), to different hydroperiods comparable to those influencing Lake Mohave riparian plant communities. Higher survival and greater biomass under saturated but not flooded soil conditions demonstrated that both Salix and Tarnarix cuttings can prosper in soils within the exposed drawdown zone, provided that the shoots are not submerged. However, greater biomass of Tamarix under conditions favorable to the native Salix also indicates that Tainarix colonization will have to be controlled. This research substantiates that the physiological tolerances of native and invasive riparian plant species and the prevailing hydrodynamics of a waterway must be considered when attempting to restore native vegetation. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Tallent-Halsell, NG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0776:ROSGAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632YU UT WOS:000180253100014 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Davis, C Nelson, GB Lambert, G Padgett, W Pimentel, M Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD Ross, JA AF Nesnow, S Davis, C Nelson, GB Lambert, G Padgett, W Pimentel, M Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD Ross, JA TI Comparison of the genotoxic activities of the K-region dihydrodiol of benzo[a]pyrene with benzo[a]pyrene in mammalian cells: morphological cell transformation; DNA damage; and stable covalent DNA adducts SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol; morphological cell transformation; C3H10T1/2 cells; comet assay; K-region; DNA adducts; 32P-postlabeling ID MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BENZO(A)PYRENE DIOL-EPOXIDE; RAS ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; DIBENZOPYRENE-DNA ADDUCTS; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; LIVER MICROSOMES; COMET ASSAY; TUMORIGENICITY AB Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most thoroughly studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Many mechanisms have been suggested to explain its carcinogenic activity, yet many questions still remain. K-region dihydrodiols of PAHs are metabolic intermediates depending on the specific cytochrome P450 and had been thought to be detoxification products. However, K-region dihydrodiols of several PAHs have recently been shown to morphologically transform mouse embryo C3H10T1/2CL8 cells (C3H10T1/2 cells). Because K-region dihydrodiols are not metabolically formed from PAHs by C3H10T1/2 cells, these cells provide a useful tool to independently study the mechanisms of action of PAHs and their K-region dihydrodiols. Here, we compare the morphological cell transforming, DNA damaging, and DNA adducting activities of the K-region dihydrodiol of B [a]P, trans-B [a]P-4,5-diol with B [a]P. Both trans-B [a]P-4,5-diol and B [a]P morphologically transformed C3H10T1/2 cells by producing both Types II and III transformed foci. The morphological cell transforming and cytotoxicity dose response curves for trans-B[a]P-4,5-diol and B[a]P were indistinguishable. Since morphological cell transformation is strongly associated with mutation and/or larger scale DNA damage in C3H10T1/2cells, the identification of DNA damage induced in these cells by trans-B[a]P-4,5-diol was sought. Both trans-B[a]P-4,5-diol and B[a]P exhibited significant DNA damaging activity without significant concurrent cytotoxicity using the comet assay, but with different dose responses and comet tail distributions. DNA adduct patterns from C3H10T1/2 cells were examined after trans-B [a]P-4,5-diol or B [a]P treatment using P-32-postlabeling techniques and improved TLC elution systems designed to separate polar DNA adducts. While B[a]P treatment produced one major DNA adduct identified as anti-trans-B[a]P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-deoxyguanosine, no stable covalent DNA adducts were detected in the DNA of trans-B[a]P-4,5-diol-treated cells. In summary, this study provides evidence for the DNA damaging and morphological cell transforming activities of the K-region dihydrodiol of B[a]P, in the absence of covalent stable DNA adducts. While trans-B[a]P-4,5-diol and B[a]P both induce morphological cell transformation, their activities as DNA damaging agents differ, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In concert with the morphological cell transformation activities of other K-region dihydrodiols of PAHs, these data suggest a new mechanism/pathway for the morphological cell transforming activities of B[a]P and its metabolites. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD NOV 26 PY 2002 VL 521 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 102 AR PII S1383-5718(02)00218-8 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00218-8 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 619QK UT WOS:000179487500010 PM 12438007 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Cimino, MC McCarroll, NE Mauer, I Valcovic, LR AF Dearfield, KL Cimino, MC McCarroll, NE Mauer, I Valcovic, LR TI Genotoxicity risk assessment: a proposed classification strategy SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity risk assessment; hazard assessment; mutagenicity testing; test battery; mutagenicity classification; genetic risk ID GENETIC RISK AB Recent advances in genetic toxicity (mutagenicity) testing methods and in approaches to performing risk assessment are prompting a renewed effort to harmonize genotoxicity risk assessment across the world. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first published Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment in 1986 that focused mainly on transmissible germ cell genetic risk. Somatic cell genetic risk has also been a risk consideration, usually in support of carcinogenicity assessments. EPA and other international regulatory bodies have published mutagenicity testing requirements for agents (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc.) to generate data for use in genotoxicity risk assessments. The scheme that follows provides a proposed harmonization approach in which genotoxicity assessments are fully developed within the risk assessment paradigm used by EPA, and sets out a process that integrates newer thinking in testing battery design with the risk assessment process. A classification strategy for agents based on inherent genotoxicity, dose-responses observed in the data, and an exposure analysis is proposed. The classification leads to an initial level of concern for genotoxic risk to humans. A total risk characterization is performed using all relevant toxicity data and a comprehensive exposure evaluation in association with the genotoxicity data. The result of this characterization is ultimately used to generate a final level of concern for genotoxic risk to humans. The final level of concern and characterized genotoxicity risk assessment are communicated to decision makers for possible regulatory action(s) and to the public. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dearfield, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 8103R,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 27 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD NOV 26 PY 2002 VL 521 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 135 AR PII S1383-5718(02)00236-X DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00236-X PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 619QK UT WOS:000179487500013 PM 12438010 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Ford, RG AF Wilkin, RT Ford, RG TI Use of hydrochloric acid for determining solid-phase arsenic partitioning in sulfidic sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; VOLATILE SULFIDE; PYRITE FORMATION; METALS; SULFUR; IRON; SHALES; ENVIRONMENTS AB We examined the use of room-temperature hydrochloric acid (1-6 M) and salt solutions of magnesium chloride,sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfide for the removal of arsenic from synthetic iron monosulfides and contaminated sediments containing acid-volatile sulfides (AVS). Results indicate I that acid-soluble arsenic reacts with H2S released from AVS phases and precipitates at low pH as disordered orpiment or alacranite. Arsenic sulfide precipitation is consistent with geochemical modeling in that conditions during acid extraction are predicted to be oversaturated with respect to orpiment, realgar, or both. Binding of arsenic with sulfide at low pH is sufficiently strong that 6 M HCl will not keep spiked arsenic in the dissolved fraction. Over a wide range of AVS concentrations and molar [As]/[AVS] ratios, acid extraction of arsenic from sulfide-bearing sediments will give biased results that overestimate the stability or underestimate the bioavailability of sediment-bound arsenic. Alkaline solutions of sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate are efficient in removing arsenic from arsenic sulfides and mixed iron-arsenic sulfides because of the high solubility of arsenic at alkaline pH, the formation of stable arsenic complexes with sulfide or carbonate, or both. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 22 BP 4921 EP 4927 DI 10.1021/es025862+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617EN UT WOS:000179348500030 PM 12487318 ER PT J AU Li, MR Harten, PF Cabezas, H AF Li, MR Harten, PF Cabezas, H TI Experiences in designing solvents for the environment SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN; LIQUID-MIXTURES; UNIFAC AB Solvents used throughout industry are chosen to meet specific technological requirements such as solute solubility, cleaning and degreasing ability, or utility as a medium for paints and coatings. With the increasing awareness of the human health effects and environmental risks of solvent use, the replacement of current solvents with more benign alternatives has become a necessity. In this paper, we initially outline the elements of a solvent design theory, and on the basis of this theory, we then discuss the PARIS II (Program for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial Solvents) solvent design algorithms and software. The PARIS II software designs technologically effective and environmentally benign substitute solvents. We finally present and discuss several cases of solvent substitutes developed using PARIS II. These cases include substitutes for pure chemicals and mixtures involving components from a wide range of chemical families, including normal hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aromatics, and organic and aqueous mixtures. These case studies show that replacement solvents can be found with consistently lower potential environmental impacts while maintaining similar levels of technical performance. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Ind Multimedia Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Harten, PF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Ind Multimedia Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM harten.paul@epa.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 23 BP 5867 EP 5877 DI 10.1021/ie010574s PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 613ZM UT WOS:000179161800036 ER PT J AU Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR AF Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR TI Effects of pure and dyed PCE on physical and interfacial properties of remedial solutions SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL); hydrophobic dye; co-solvent; surfactant; visualization ID ENHANCED AQUIFER REMEDIATION; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; POROUS-MEDIUM; SURFACTANT; MOBILIZATION; DISSOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SOLUBILIZATION AB Hydrophobic dyes have been used to visually distinguish dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants from background aqueous phases and soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dyed DNAPL, 0.5 g Oil-Red-O/l of PCE, on the physical properties of remedial solutions: water, co-solvents (50, 70, and 90% (v/v) ethanol), and surfactants (4% (w) sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate). This study compared the densities, viscosities, and interfacial tensions (IFTs) of the remedial solutions in contact with both dyed and undyed PCE. The presence of the dye in PCE substantially alters the IFTs of water and ethanol solutions, while there is no apparent difference in IFTs of surfactant solutions. The remedial solutions saturated with PCE showed higher viscosities and densities than pure remedial solutions. Solutions with high ethanol content exhibited the largest increases in liquid density. Because physical properties affect the flow of the remedial solutions in porous media, experiments using dyed DNAPLs should assess the influence of dyes on fluid and interfacial properties prior to remediation process analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Jeong, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr,POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 135 AR PII G0304-3894(02)00088-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00088-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 614UW UT WOS:000179210500009 PM 12409243 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Rygiewicz, PT Watrud, LS Donnelly, PK AF Entry, JA Rygiewicz, PT Watrud, LS Donnelly, PK TI Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE arbuscular mycorrhizas; fungi; soil; stress ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ZEA-MAYS L; RHIZOBIUM-GLOMUS SYMBIOSIS; CLOVER TRIFOLIUM-PRATENSE; WIDE HYDROLOGIC GRADIENT; SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANT; DROUGHT STRESS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER RELATIONS; VA-MYCORRHIZAL AB The majority of plants have mycorrhizal fungi associated with them. Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form relationships in and on the roots of a host plant in a symbiotic association. The host plant provides the fungus with soluble carbon sources, and the fungus provides the host plant with an increased capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Adverse conditions are a pervasive feature in both natural and agronomic soils. The soil environment is constantly changing with regard to moisture, temperature and nutrient availability. In addition, soil properties are often manipulated to improve crop yields. in many cases, soils may be contaminated through disposal of chemicals that are toxic to plants and microorganisms. The formation and function of mycorrhizal relationships are affected by edaphic conditions such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, pH, cation exchange capacity, and also by anthropogenic stressors including soil compaction, metals and pesticides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are of interest for their reported roles in alleviation of diverse soil-associated plant stressors, including those induced by metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Much mycorrhizal research has investigated the impact of extremes in water, temperature, pH and inorganic nutrient availability on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient acquisition. Evaluation of the efficacy of plant-mycorrhizal associations to remediate soils contaminated with toxic materials deserves increased attention. Before the full potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reclaim contaminated soils can be realized, research advances are needed to improve our understanding of the physiology of mycorrhizae subjected to adverse physical and chemical conditions. This paper will review literature and discuss the implications of soil contamination on formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, E Kimberly, ID 83343 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Santa Fe Community Coll, Dept Biol, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600, E Kimberly, ID 83343 USA. NR 207 TC 106 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 123 EP 138 AR PII S1093-0191(01)00109-5 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00109-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 608WF UT WOS:000178870000010 ER PT J AU Vance, C Geoghegan, J AF Vance, C Geoghegan, J TI Temporal and spatial modelling of tropical deforestation: a survival analysis linking satellite and household survey data SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association (AAEA) CY AUG, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc DE deforestation; survival analysis; agricultural households ID YUCATAN PENINSULAR REGION; LAND-USE; SHIFTING CULTIVATION; ROADS; THAILAND; FARMERS; AMAZON; COSTS AB We estimate a spatially explicit model of the forest clearance process among smallholder farmers in an agricultural frontier of southern Mexico. Our analysis takes as its point of departure a simple utility-maximising model that suggests many possible determinants of deforestation in an economic environment characterised by missing or thin markets. Hypotheses from the model are tested on a data set that combines a time series of satellite imagery with data collected from a survey of farm households whose agricultural plots were geo-referenced using a global positioning system (GPS). We implement a survival analysis to identify the effect of household level explanatory variables on the probability of deforestation. This approach allows us to introduce a measure of the time until clearance as a covariate, thereby affording a control for the effect of potentially important explanatory variables that vary through time but are not directly observable. In addition to identifying several variables relevant for policy analysis, including household demographics, proximity to roads, and government provision of agricultural support, model results suggest that the deforestation process is characterised by non-linear duration dependence, with the probability of forest clearance first decreasing and then increasing with the passage of time. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Econ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Vance, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI RASTOIN, Jean-Louis/F-3853-2011 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 317 EP 332 AR PII S0169-5150(02)00074-9 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2002.tb00123.x PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 627EH UT WOS:000179919800008 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR Mitchell, L AF Weinberg, CR Mitchell, L TI Regarding "Parental genotypes in the risk of a complex disease" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SUBJECT; TRIADS; GENES C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, MD A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/344143 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 609CD UT WOS:000178884300028 PM 12452178 ER PT J AU Savov, JD Gavett, SH Brass, DM Costa, DL Schwartz, DA AF Savov, JD Gavett, SH Brass, DM Costa, DL Schwartz, DA TI Neutrophils play a critical role in development of LPS-induced airway disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; polymorphonuclear leukocytes; endotoxin; subepithelial fibrosis; hyperreactivity; remodeling; transforming growth factor-beta 1 ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE-RESPONSE; BRONCHIAL-ASTHMA; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; INDUCED INFLAMMATION; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; COTTON DUST; EXPRESSION AB We investigated the role of neutrophils in the development of endotoxin-induced airway disease via systemic neutrophil depletion of C3H/HeBFeJ mice and coincident inhalation challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) over a 4-wk period. Mice were made neutropenic with intraperitoneal injections of neutrophil antiserum before and throughout the exposure period. Experimental conditions included LPS-exposed, antiserum-treated; LPS-exposed, control serum-treated; air-exposed, antiserum-treated; and air-exposed, control serum-treated groups. Physiological, biological, and morphological assessments were performed after a 4-wk exposure and again after a 4-wk recovery period. After the 4-wk exposure, LPS-induced inflammation of the lower airways was significantly attenuated in the neutropenic mice, although airway responsiveness (AR) to methacholine (MCh) remained unchanged. After the recovery period, LPS-exposed neutrophil-replete mice had increased AR to MCh when compared with the LPS-exposed neutropenic animals. Morphometric data indicate that the 4-wk exposure to LPS leads to a substantial expansion of the subepithelial area of the medium-sized airways (90-129 mum diameter) in nonneutropenic mice but not neutropenic mice, and this difference persisted even after the recovery period. Expression of bronchial epithelial and subepithelial transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was diminished in the challenged neutropenic mice compared with the neutrophil-sufficient mice. These studies demonstrate that neutrophils play a critical role in the development of chronic LPS-induced airway disease. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Savov, JD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, POB 2629, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-62628]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07498, ES06537, ES09607] NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 283 IS 5 BP L952 EP L962 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00420.2001 PG 11 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 602QC UT WOS:000178515100010 PM 12376348 ER PT J AU Yang, FM Wang, XC Haile, DJ Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Yang, FM Wang, XC Haile, DJ Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ TI Iron increases expression of iron-export protein MTP1 in lung cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bronchial epithelial cells; alveolar macrophages; Ireg1; ferroportin 1 ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; DIVALENT-METAL TRANSPORTER-1; HYPOTRANSFERRINEMIC MICE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; DIETARY IRON; NRAMP2; FERRITIN; MUTATION; INJURY; RAT AB Accumulation of reactive iron in acute and chronic lung disease suggests that iron-driven free radical formation could contribute to tissue injury. Safe transport and sequestration of this metal is likely to be of importance in lung defense. We provide evidence for the expression and iron-induced upregulation of the metal transporter protein-1 (MTP1) genes in human and rodent lung cells at both the protein and mRNA levels. In human bronchial epithelial cells, a 3.8-fold increase in mRNA level and a 2.4-fold increase in protein level of MTP1 were observed after iron exposure. In freshly isolated human macrophages, as much as an 18-fold increase in the MTP1 protein level was detected after incubation with an iron compound. The elevation in expression of MTP1 gene was also demonstrated in iron-instilled rat lungs and in hypotransferrinemic mouse lungs. This is similar to our previous findings with divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), an iron transporter that is required for iron uptake and intracellular iron trafficking. These studies suggest the presence of iron mobilization and/or detoxification pathways in the lung that are crucial for iron homeostasis and lung defense. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK-53079] NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 283 IS 5 BP L932 EP L939 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00114.2002 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 602QC UT WOS:000178515100008 PM 12376346 ER PT J AU Becker, S Fenton, MJ Soukup, JM AF Becker, S Fenton, MJ Soukup, JM TI Involvement of microbial components and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cytokine responses to air pollution particles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE RESPONSES; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; TNF-ALPHA; RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES; INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CUTTING EDGE; IN-VITRO; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN AB Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) may result in exacerbation of inflammatory airways disease, including asthma. Results from this laboratory have shown that the coarse inhalable particle fraction (PM2.5-10) is responsible for most of the PM effects on human airway macrophages (AM), including induction of cytokine production. Endotoxins associated with these particles account for a large part of their potency, as activity of PM can be inhibited by polymixin B and an activating moiety bound by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP). The hypothesis behind the present study was that not only particle-bound LPS, but also Gram-negative (Gram-) and Gram-positive (Gram+) bacteria are responsible for PM-induced stimulation of AM, and therefore that PM are likely to activate receptors involved in recognition of microbes. Low level contamination of model pollution particles with environmental Staphyloccocus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas species was found to confer cytokine-inducing activity on inactive particles. Only one Gram- bacterium was sufficient for significant stimulatation of 100 AM, whereas at least three times more Gram+ bacteria were required for a similar level of response. Cytokine responses induced by PM as well as Gram+ and Gram- bacteria were inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody and required the presence of LBP-containing serum. The involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 in recognition of PMZ.,o was investigated in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing CD14 and TLR2 or TLR4. TLR4 was found to be involved in PM2.5-10 and Pseudomonas-induced activation, whereas TLR2 activation was induced by both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and by PM. The synthetic lipid A analog E5531 fully inhibited the response to purified LPS and partially inhibited the response to PM and Pseudomonas. In contrast, E5531 had no effect on the response to Staphylococcus. Taken together, these results implicate microbial components as important players in AM-dependent inflammatory responses to PM. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Becker, S (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, EPA Bldg,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 41 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1165/rcmb.4868 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 614KW UT WOS:000179189000012 PM 12397021 ER PT J AU Singer, AC Wong, CS Crowley, DE AF Singer, AC Wong, CS Crowley, DE TI Differential enantioselective transformation of atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls by multiple bacterial strains with different inducing compounds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS H850; ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; DEGRADING BACTERIA; DIOXYGENASE; METABOLISM; BIOREMEDIATION; INDUCTION; CARVONE; LB400 AB Five polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacteria were tested for the ability to differentiate between the enantiomers of four atropisomeric PCB congeners (2,2',3,6-tetra-CB; 2,2',3,3',6-penta-CB; 2,2',3,4',6-penta-CB; and 2,2',3,5',6-penta-CB) after growth in the presence of tryptone-soytone, biphenyl, carvone, or cymene. Enantioselectivity was shown to vary with respect to strain, congener, and cosubstrate. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Singer, AC (reprint author), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. RI Wong, Charles/B-4215-2012; Crowley, David/C-1216-2014; Singer, Andrew/B-3398-2010 OI Wong, Charles/0000-0002-5743-2942; Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599; Singer, Andrew/0000-0003-4705-6063 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 11 BP 5756 EP 5759 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5756-5759.2002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 611PU UT WOS:000179027600071 PM 12406776 ER PT J AU Ross, MA Persky, VW Chung, J Curtis, L Ramakrishnan, V Wadden, RA Hryhorczuk, DO AF Ross, MA Persky, VW Chung, J Curtis, L Ramakrishnan, V Wadden, RA Hryhorczuk, DO TI Effect of ozone and aeroallergens on the respiratory health of asthmatics SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; mold spores; pollen ID PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; AIR-POLLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; SYMPTOMS; PARTICULATE; POLLUTANTS; SOUTHWEST; SEVERITY AB The effect of ambient air pollutants, pollens, and mold spores on respiratory health was studied in an area with low concentrations of chemical pollutants and abundant aeroallergens. A panel of 40 asthmatic subjects living near East Moline, Illinois, recorded peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs), respiratory symptoms, frequency of asthma attacks, and asthma medication use between April and October 1994. Daily outdoor concentrations of pollutants and aeroallergens were measured, and indoor levels of bioaerosols were measured on several occasions in each participant's home. Ozone was associated with increased morning and evening symptom scores and decreased evening PEFR, and these associations remained significant with adjustment for weather and aeroallergens. The association between ozone and asthma medication use was increased in magnitude and significance with adjustment for weather and aeroallergens; however, the association between ozone and morning PEFR became nonsignificant with weather and aeroallergen adjustment. Significant associations were also found between pollen concentration and decreased evening PEFR, as well as between increased morning and evening symptom scores and asthma medication use. In addition, associations were noted between total spore concentration and increased morning PEFR and decreased morning and evening symptom scores. The inverse associations found with mold spore concentrations were not consistent with the results of other studies; however, the associations between ozone and pollen concentration were consistent with previous studies. When results were stratified by a number of independent risk factors, no differences were noted relative to allergic status or presence of dampness or flooding in the home; however, the associations with outdoor ozone and pollens were seen mainly among participants with low levels of exposure to indoor bioaerosols (< 1,800 spores/m(3)) or with no environmental tobacco smoke exposure. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Hlth & Ecol Effects Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Air & Radiat Div, Chicago, IL USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Ross, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, 2121 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 57 IS 6 BP 568 EP 578 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 665JD UT WOS:000182115700009 PM 12696655 ER PT J AU Lai, TJ Liu, XC Leon, YL Guo, NW Yu, ML Hsu, CC Rogan, WJ AF Lai, TJ Liu, XC Leon, YL Guo, NW Yu, ML Hsu, CC Rogan, WJ TI A cohort study of behavioral problems and intelligence in children with high prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; PCBS; TAIWAN; DIOXINS; OIL AB Background: In 1978, about 2000 persons in Taiwan were poisoned when their cooking oil was contaminated during Manufacture with heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls, which are toxic, very widespread pollutant chemicals. The chemicals cannot be metabolized or excreted, and 8 of the first 39 children born to affected women died. When examined in 1985, 117 surviving children were found to have ectodermal defects, developmental delay, and disordered behavior. We have continued to observe the children. Methods: From 1992 through 1995, 118 children born between 1978 and 1985 (during or after their mothers' exposure) and 118 matched neighborhood control children had cognitive function measured yearly with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and behavioral problems measured with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and the Rutter Child Behavior Scale A. Results: The exposed children scored 3 points (P=.05) lower than control children for IQ; 3 points (P=.002) higher on the Child Behavior Checklist (an effect size similar to the sex difference); and 6 points (P<.001) higher on the Rutter scale (3 times the sex difference). Birth year x exposure interactions, testing whether children born long after the exposure were as affected as those born soon after, were small and not significant. Age x exposure interactions, testing whether the children improved relative to control children as they got older, were significant only for the Rutter scale. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to these compounds produces long-lasting cognitive and behavioral damage, but there is some evidence of recovery. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Ctr Med, Tainan, Taiwan. Chung Shan Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Taichung, Taiwan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Tainan, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tainan, Taiwan. Kaohsiung Med Coll, Dept Psychol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. En Chu Kong Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Leon, YL (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Ctr Med, 61 Shiao Tong Rd, Tainan, Taiwan. RI Yu, Ming-Lung/C-9540-2009; Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI GUO, Yue Leon/0000-0002-8530-4809; Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2002 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1061 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 614EE UT WOS:000179174700012 PM 12418940 ER PT J AU Gilliland, AB Butler, TJ Likens, GE AF Gilliland, AB Butler, TJ Likens, GE TI Monthly and annual bias in weekly (NADP/NTN) versus daily (AIRMoN) precipitation chemistry data in the Eastern USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE deposition wet; precipitation chemistry; AIRMoN; national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network; collocated sites; data intercomparison ID ATMOSPHERIC-DEPOSITION-PROGRAM; ACT AMENDMENTS; PHASE-I; PRECISION; SITE; WET; DRY AB Previous comparisons of the data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, National Trends Network (NTN) against collocated event sampled data and daily sampled data suggest a substantial bias in the concentration of ammonium [NH4+] and concentrations of several base cations, while the comparability of other ion concentrations ranges among the studies. Eight years of collocated data from five NTN and Atmospheric Integrated Research and Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) sites are compared here. Unlike previous analyses, the data from these two data sets were analyzed in the same laboratory using the same analytical methods; therefore, factors that influence concentration differences can be isolated to sampling frequency and sample preservation techniques. For comparison, the relative biases for these data have been calculated using both median value and volume-weighted mean concentrations, following two different approaches in the literature. The results suggest a relative bias of about 10% in [NH4+] (NTN less than AIRMoN), which is smaller than previous estimates that included the influence of inter-laboratory comparisons. The annual relative bias of [H+] increases over the analysis period, which results in a larger total relative bias for [H+] than found in a previous analysis of AIRMoN and NTN data. When comparing NTN and AIRMoN [SO42-]. data on monthly time scales, strong seasonal variations are evident in the relative bias for [H+], [NH4+], and [SO42-] Large biases in [SO42-] (NTN greater than AIRMoN) on monthly times scales have not been detected in previous analyses where data for all seasons were considered together. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, RTP, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gilliland, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, AMD,MSAB, Mail Drop E243-04,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 36 IS 33 BP 5197 EP 5206 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00653-2 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00653-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613EZ UT WOS:000179120500008 ER PT J AU Robbins, BD Boese, BL AF Robbins, BD Boese, BL TI Macroalgal volume: a surrogate for biomass in some green algae SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article ID SEAGRASS AB Filamentous (e.g., Chaetomorpha spp.) and flattened or tubular (e.g., Ulva spp. and Enteromorpha spp.) green algal morphotypes were collected from the intertidal mudflat within the Yaquina Bay Estuary (Newport, OR, USA) and used to compare an in situ volumetric biomass estimator to the traditional dry weight methodology. Immediately following collection, wet volumes of each sample by morphotype were determined in situ using a modified graduated cylinder and a plunger. Samples were returned to the laboratory, dried to a constant weight, and then weighed. Both biomass estimators were compared using a linear regression technique. We found that dry weight was linearly related to volume (r(2) = 0.78 to 0.88) for both morphotypes indicating that volume was an accurate predictor of biomass. We suggest the use of this technique, when appropriate, will enable researchers to quickly estimate macroalgal biomass in situ with savings in both time and expense. C1 US EPA, WED NHEERL ORD, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, WED NHEERL ORD, Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 Se Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD NOV PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 586 EP 588 DI 10.1515/BOT.2002.063 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627ZT UT WOS:000179967600012 ER PT J AU Orth, RJ Batiuk, RA Bergstrom, PW Moore, KA AF Orth, RJ Batiuk, RA Bergstrom, PW Moore, KA TI A perspective on two decades of policies and regulations influencing the protection and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Seagrass Biology Workshop CY SEP 26-OCT 02, 2000 CL CORSICA, FRANCE SP Univ Corsica, Coastal Ecosyst Team, Ischia Lab, Staz Zool Anton Dohrn ID COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; DECLINE AB Seagrasses along with many other species of freshwater rooted submerged macrophytes in Chesapeake Bay (collectively called SAV) underwent serious declines in population abundances in the 1970s and have not as yet rebounded to previous levels. Cooperative efforts by scientists, politicians, federal and state resource managers, and the general public have developed policies and plans to protect, preserve and enhance SAV populations of Chesapeake Bay. These include the Chesapeake Bay Agreements (1983, 1987, 1992, 1993, 2000), an SAV Management Policy and Implementation Plan for Chesapeake Bay and Tidal Tributaries (1989 and 1990), Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery Management Plan (1997), as well as federal and state guidelines for protecting SAV communities from direct human impacts such as dredge and fill operations. The foundation for many of these management efforts has been the recognition of the habitat value of SAV to many fish and shellfish, and the elucidation of linkages between water quality conditions and the continuing occurrence of SAV as established by minimal water quality habitat requirements for growth and survival. Because of these linkages, the distribution of SAV in the Bay and its tidal tributaries is being used as an initial measure of progress in the restoration of living resources and water quality. Restoration targets and goals have been established to link demonstrable improvements in water quality to increases in SAV abundance. The major challenge facing the Chesapeake Bay community will be to restore SAV habitat and ecosystem functions to historic levels. However, the recent success in the development of policies, plans, regulations and laws highlighting the importance of SAV communities in Chesapeake Bay and their protection and restoration, is an excellent example of effective communication linkages and adaptive management principles between scientists, resource managers, politicians and the public in the Chesapeake Bay region. Only through these interactions will SAV restoration become a reality. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Orth, RJ (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1391 EP 1403 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696BM UT WOS:000183865300025 ER PT J AU Lee, CR Pieper, JA Hinderliter, AL Blaisdell, JA Goldstein, JA AF Lee, CR Pieper, JA Hinderliter, AL Blaisdell, JA Goldstein, JA TI Evaluation of cytochrome P4502C9 metabolic activity with tolbutamide in CYP2C9*1 heterozygotes SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pharmacology-and-Therapeutics CY MAR 24-27, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Clin Pharmacol Therapeut ID DOSE REQUIREMENT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CYP2C9 LOCUS; WARFARIN; PHENYTOIN; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; SENSITIVITY; VARIANT; ALLELE AB Objectives: Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding cytochrome P450 (CY-P) 2C9 have been identified, but the functional significance of the various putative defective genotypes in humans merits further study. Methods. Using tolbutamide as a probe of CYP2C9 activity, we evaluated CYP2C9 phenotype in 15 healthy individuals expressing the CYP2C9 *1/*1,*11*2, and *1/*3 genotypes (n = 5 per group). CYP2C9 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Subjects received 500 mg of tolbutamide, with plasma and urine collected over a 24-hour period. Plasma tolbutamide and urinary tolbutamide, 4'-hydroxytolbutamide, and carboxytolbutamide concentrations were determined by an HPLC method. Results. Tolbutamide area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity [AUC(0-infinity)] significantly increased by 1.5-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, in subjects expressing the CYP2C9*1/2 and *1/*3 genotypes compared with *1/*1 subjects. Statistically significant reductions in tolbutamide oral clearance (29% and 48%) and formation clearance (38% and 56%) were detected in the *11*2 and *1/*3 individuals, respectively, compared with *1/*1 subjects. The increases in AUC(0-infinity) and decreases in oral clearance observed in the *1/*3 individuals were also significantly greater than those expressing the *11*2 genotype (P < .05). The amount of urinary 4'-hydroxytolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide excreted in the 0- to 12-hour and 6- to 12-hour collection intervals was significantly less in *1/*2 and *1/*3 individuals compared with *1/*1 subjects. With tolbutamide used as a CYP2C9 probe, CYP2C9 genotype was the major determinant of CYP2C9 phenotype (r(2) = 0.77) Conclusions.- CYP2C9 activity was significantly reduced in *1 heterozygotes; compared with *1 homozygotes, and metabolism was more severely impaired in *1/*3 individuals compared with those expressing *11*2. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, PharmD, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pieper, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, PharmD, CB 7360,Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012; OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046] NR 26 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 72 IS 5 BP 562 EP 571 DI 10.1067/mcp.2002.127913 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 619PQ UT WOS:000179485500012 PM 12426520 ER PT J AU Foran, CM Peterson, BN Benson, WH AF Foran, CM Peterson, BN Benson, WH TI Influence of parental and developmental cadmium exposure on endocrine and reproductive function in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; developmental; endocrine; medaka; transgenerational; reproductive; steroid; teleost ID ADRENAL-CELL FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; STEROID-SYNTHESIS; VITELLOGENIN; MODULATION; CDCL2; SALTS; FISH AB Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous element and an important anthropogenic metal contaminant. A series of assays were modified or developed for Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), and used to compare the effects of Cd exposure on indicators of endocrine function in adult animals previously exposed in ovo or as hatchlings. Adults were raised either from eggs produced during a 2 week exposure to 0-10 mug/l Cd or from fry exposed for 2 weeks beginning 2 days after hatching. The reproductive capacity of the resulting adults was determined during a 2 week period during which half of the animals were re-exposed to Cd. Two week Cd exposure did not result in reproductive impairment despite producing some changes in circulating steroid concentration. In addition, I mug/l cadmium exposure in ovo elevated male hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) relative to controls. Hence, steroid parameters were a better biomarker of cadmium exposure than changes in VTG. However, reproductive impairment was not correlated to change in VTG or plasma steroids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Eberly Coll Arts & Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Res Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Foran, CM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cmforan@mail.wvu.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 133 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00128-X DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00128-X PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 611FJ UT WOS:000179005500001 PM 12379419 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC AF Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC TI Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure SO CONDOR LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITES; EDGE; PREDATION; RIPARIAN; NESTERS; HABITAT AB We compared cavity-nesting bird communities in aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodland fragments classified on the basis of vegetation structure (tree density) and landscape context (surrounding vegetation). We found very few cavity nesters in fragments predominantly surrounded by forests. Fragments adjacent to meadows contained more species and a greater abundance of cavity nesters. Species richness and abundance were higher in sparsely than in densely treed meadow fragments. Because secondary cavity nesters are often limited by cavity availability, we augmented natural cavities with nest boxes. Although only five boxes contained bird nests, these were all in sparse aspen fragments predominantly surrounded by meadows. However, we found 25 northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) nests in boxes, none of which were in sparse meadow fragments. In addition to highlighting the importance of landscape context in avian and mammalian habitat relationships, our results suggest that predator or competitor interactions may help structure this cavity-nester community. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2002 VL 104 IS 4 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0890:COCNBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 614LG UT WOS:000179190400024 ER PT J AU Palen, WJ Schindler, DE Adams, MJ Pearl, CA Bury, RB Diamonds, SA AF Palen, WJ Schindler, DE Adams, MJ Pearl, CA Bury, RB Diamonds, SA TI Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the US Pacific Northwest SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma gracile; Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian declines; Bufo boreas; Cascades frog; dissolved organic matter, DOM; long-toed salamander; morthwestern salamander; Pacific Northwest; Rana cascadae; UV-B radiation; western toad ID RADIATION CAUSES MORTALITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; POPULATION DECLINES; OZONE DEPLETION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEGGED FROG; LAKES; RANA; ATTENUATION; CALIFORNIA AB Increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been proposed as a major environmental stressor leading to global amphibian declines. Prior experimental evidence from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) indicating the acute embryonic sensitivity of at least four amphibian species to UV-B has been, central to the literature about amphibian decline. However, these results have not been expanded to address population-scale effects and natural landscape variation in UV-B transparency of water at amphibian breeding sites: both necessary links to assess the importance of UV-B for amphibian declines. We quantified the UV-B transparency of 136 potential amphibian breeding sites to establish the pattern of UV-B exposure across two montane regions in the PNW. Our data suggest that 85% of sites - are naturally proiected by dissolved organic matter in pond water, and that only a fraction of breeding sites are expected to experience UV-B intensities exceeding levels associated with elevated egg mortality. Thus, the spectral characteristics of natural waters likely mediate the physiological effects of UV-B on amphibian eggs in all but the clearest waters. These data imply that UV-B is unlikely to cause broad amphibian declines across the landscape of the American Northwest. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland & Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Palen, WJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Zool, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 49 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2951 EP 2957 DI 10.2307/3071829 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622AT UT WOS:000179624600001 ER PT J AU Storici, F Henneke, G Ferrari, E Gordenin, DA Hubscher, U Resnick, MA AF Storici, F Henneke, G Ferrari, E Gordenin, DA Hubscher, U Resnick, MA TI The flexible loop of human FEN1 endonuclease is required for flap cleavage during DNA replication and repair SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FEN1; flap endonuclease; loop domain; repair; replication ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; MUTATION AVOIDANCE; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; POLYMERASE-DELTA; IN-VIVO; YEAST; SITE; METABOLISM AB The conserved, structure-specific flap endonuclease FEN1 cleaves 5' DNA flaps that arise during replication or repair. To address in vivo mechanisms of flap cleavage, we developed a screen for human FEN1 mutants that are toxic when expressed in yeast. Two targets were revealed: the flexible loop domain and the catalytic site. Toxic mutants caused G(2) arrest and cell death and were unable to repair methyl methanesulfonate lesions. All the mutant proteins retained flap binding. Unlike the catalytic site mutants, which lacked cleavage of any 5' flaps, the loop mutants exhibited partial ability to cut 5' flaps when an adjacent single nucleotide 3' flap was present. We suggest that the flexible loop is important for efficient cleavage through positioning the 5' flap and the catalytic site. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Vet Biochem & Mol Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Gordenin, Dmitry/0000-0002-8399-1836 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 21 BP 5930 EP 5942 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdf587 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 611RU UT WOS:000179032200034 PM 12411510 ER PT J AU Qiao, D Seidler, FJ Padilla, S Slotkin, TA AF Qiao, D Seidler, FJ Padilla, S Slotkin, TA TI Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: What is the vulnerable period? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brain; chlorpyrifos; choline acetyltransferase; cholinesterase; development; heart; liver; muscarinic m(2)-acetylcholine receptor ID GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; CYCLASE SIGNALING CASCADE; RAT-BRAIN REGIONS; IN-VITRO; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADULT-RATS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MACROMOLECULE SYNTHESIS; CELLULAR MECHANISMS AB Previously, we found that exposure of neonatal rats to chlorpyrifos (CPF) produced brain cell damage and loss, with resultant abnormalities of synaptic development. We used the same biomarkers to examine prenatal CPF treatment so as to define the critical period of vulnerability. One group of pregnant rats received CPF (subcutaneous injections in dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle) on gestational days (GD) 17-20, a peak period of neurogenesis; a second group was treated on GD9-12, the period of neural tube formation. In the GD 17-20 group, the threshold for a reduction in maternal weight gain was 5 mg/kg/day; at or below that dose, there was no evidence (GD21) of general fetotoxicity as assessed by the number of fetuses or fetal body and tissue weights. Above the threshold, there was brain sparing (reduced body weight with an increase in brain/body weight ratio) and a targeting of the liver (reduced liver/body weight). Indices of cell packing density (DNA per gram of tissue) and cell number (DNA content) similarly showed effects only on the liver; however, there were significant changes in the protein/DNA ratio, an index of cell size, in fetal brain regions at doses as low as 1 mg/kg, below the threshold for inhibition of fetal brain cholinesterase (2 mg/kg). Indices of cholinergic synaptic development showed significant CPF-induced defects but only at doses above the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition. With earlier CPF treatment (GD9-12), there was no evidence of general fetotoxicity or alterations of brain cell development at doses up to the threshold for maternal toxicity (5 mg/kg), assessed on GD17 and GD21; however, augmentation of cholinergic synaptic markers was detected at doses as low as 1 mg/kg. Compared with previous work on postnatal CPF exposure, the effects seen here required doses closer to the threshold for fetal weight loss; this implies a lower vulnerability in the fetal compared with the neonatal brain. Although delayed neurotoxic effects of prenatal CPF may emerge subsequently in development, our results are consistent with the preferential targeting of late developmental events such as gliogenesis, axonogenesis, and synaptogenesis. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Slotkin, TA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10356, ES10387] NR 62 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1097 EP 1103 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 614NW UT WOS:000179197100030 PM 12417480 ER PT J AU Avakian, MD Dellinger, B Fiedler, H Gullet, B Koshland, C Marklund, S Oberdorster, G Safe, S Sarofim, A Smith, KR Schwartz, D Suk, WA AF Avakian, MD Dellinger, B Fiedler, H Gullet, B Koshland, C Marklund, S Oberdorster, G Safe, S Sarofim, A Smith, KR Schwartz, D Suk, WA TI The origin, fate, and health effects of combustion by-products: A research framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE combustion by-products; fine particles; genetic susceptibility; lung pathobiology; metals; polychlorinated dibenzodioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; public health ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ACID AEROSOLS; ENDOTOXIN; EPITHELIUM; PARTICLES AB Incomplete combustion processes can emit organic pollutants, metals, and fine particles. Combustion by-products represent global human and environmental health challenges that are relevant not only in heavily industrialized nations, but also in developing nations where up to 90% of rural households rely on unprocessed biomass fuels for cooking, warmth, and light. These issues were addressed at the Seventh International Congress on Combustion BY-Products, which convened 4-6 June 2001 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. This congress included a diverse group of multidisciplinary researchers and practitioners who discussed recent developments and future goals in the control of combustion by-products and their effects of exposure on human and ecologic health. Participants recommended that interdisciplinary, coordinated research efforts should be focused to capitalize on the important potential synergisms between efforts to reduce the adverse human health effects linked to exposures to combustion by-products and broader efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save energy through efficiency. In this article we summarize the principal findings and recommendations for research focus and direction. C1 NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. MDB Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Biodynam, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. UN, Environm Program Chem, Chatelaine, Switzerland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden. Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Suk, WA (reprint author), NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015 OI Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245 NR 91 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1155 EP 1162 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 614NW UT WOS:000179197100038 PM 12417488 ER PT J AU Bell, ML Davis, D Cifuentes, L Cohen, A Gouveia, N Grant, L Green, C Johnson, T Rogat, J Spengler, J Thurston, G AF Bell, ML Davis, D Cifuentes, L Cohen, A Gouveia, N Grant, L Green, C Johnson, T Rogat, J Spengler, J Thurston, G TI International Expert Workshop on the analysis of the economic and public health impacts of air pollution: Workshop summary SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Analysis of the Economic and Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution CY SEP 06, 2001 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY DE air pollution; economic valuation; human health; morbidity; mortality ID BIOMASS COMBUSTION; EXPOSURE; KENYA AB Forty-nine experts from 18 industrial and developing countries met on 6 September 2001 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, to discuss the economic and public health impacts of air pollution, particularly with respect to assessing the public health benefits from technologies and policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Such measures would provide immediate public health benefits, such as reduced premature mortality and chronic morbidity, through improved local air quality. These mitigation strategies also allow long-term goals-for example, reducing the buildup of GHG emissions-to be achieved alongside short-term aims, such as immediate improvements in air quality, and therefore benefits to public health. The workshop aimed to foster research partnerships by improving collaboration and communication among various agencies and researchers; providing a forum for presentations by sponsoring agencies and researchers regarding research efforts and agency activities; identifying key issues, knowledge gaps, methodological shortcomings, and research needs; and recommending activities and initiatives for research, collaboration, and communication. This workshop summary briefly describes presentations made by workshop participants and the conclusions of three separate working groups: economics, benefits transfer, and policy; indoor air quality issues and susceptible populations; and development and transfer of dose-response relationships and exposure models in developing countries. Several common themes emerged from the working group sessions and subsequent discussion. Key recommendations include the need for improved communication and extended collaboration, guidance and support for researchers, advances in methods, and resource support for data collection, assessment, and research. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, John Heinz III Sch Publ Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. UN, Environm Program Collaborating Ctr Energy & Envir, Roskilde, Denmark. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Bell, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 313 Ames Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Cifuentes, Luis/C-7081-2009; Gouveia, Nelson/C-4580-2013 OI Cifuentes, Luis/0000-0001-7416-5607; Gouveia, Nelson/0000-0003-0625-0265 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1168 DI 10.1289/ehp.021101163 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 614NW UT WOS:000179197100039 PM 12417489 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Vette, AF Keeler, GJ AF Landis, MS Vette, AF Keeler, GJ TI Atmospheric mercury in the Lake Michigan basin: Influence of the Chicago/Gary urban area SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVENT PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL AB The relative importance of the Chicago/Gay urban area was investigated to determine its impact on atmospheric mercury (Hg) concentrations and wet deposition in the Lake Michigan basin. Event wet-only precipitation, total particulate, and vapor phase samples were collected for Hg, and trace element determinations from five sites around Lake Michigan from July 1994 through October 1995 as part of the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study (LMMBS). In addition, intensive over-water measurements were conducted aboard the EPA research vessel Lake Guardian during the summer of 1994 and the winter of 1995 as part of the Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans Study. Atmospheric Hg concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the Chicago/Gary urban area than surrounding sites: Hg in precipitation was a factor of 2 and particulate Hg was a factor of 6 times higher. Over-water measurements found elevated Hg concentrations 19 km off shore of Chicago/Gary suggesting an enhanced near field atmospheric deposition to Lake Michigan. Meteorological transport analyses also determined that local sources in the Chicago/Gary urban area significantly impacted all of the LMMBS sites indicating a broad impact to the entire Lake Michigan basin. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 36 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4508 EP 4517 DI 10.1021/es011216j PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ED UT WOS:000179002700022 PM 12433158 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Keeler, GJ AF Landis, MS Keeler, GJ TI Atmospheric mercury deposition to Lake Michigan during the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; GREAT-LAKES; AIR; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; WATER AB Wet and dry mercury (Hg) deposition were calculated to Lake Michigan using a hybrid receptor modeling framework. The model utilized mercury monitoring data collected during the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study and the Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans Study together with high-resolution over-water meteorological data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (July, 1994-October, 1995). Atmospheric deposition was determined to be the primary pathway for mercury input to Lake Michigan, contributing approximately 84% of the estimated 1403 kg total annual input (atmospheric deposition + tributary input). Wet (10.6 mug m(-2)) and dry deposition (9.7 mug m(-2)) contributed almost equally to the annual atmospheric Hg deposition of 20.3 mug m(-2) (1173 kg). Re-emission of dissolved gaseous Hg from the lake was also significant (7.8 mug m(-2)), reducing the net atmospheric deposition to 12.5 mug m(-2) (720 kg). A strong urban influence was observed in the over-water mercury deposition estimates in the southern portion of the lake. The Chicago/Gary urban area was estimated to contribute approximately 20% (127 kg) of the annual atmospheric mercury deposition to Lake Michigan. The magnitude of local anthropogenic mercury sources in the Chicago/Gary urban area suggests that emission reductions could significantly reduce atmospheric mercury deposition into Lake Michigan. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 31 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4518 EP 4524 DI 10.1021/es011217b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ED UT WOS:000179002700023 PM 12433159 ER PT J AU Vette, AF Landis, MS Keeler, GJ AF Vette, AF Landis, MS Keeler, GJ TI Deposition and emission of gaseous mercury to and from Lake Michigan during the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study (July, 1994 October, 1995) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; TEMPERATE LAKES; NATURAL-WATERS; GAS TRANSFER; OXIDATION; EXCHANGE; PHASE; OZONE; TRANSPORT AB This paper presents measurements of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) concentrations in Lake Michigan and the application of a mechanistic approach to estimate deposition and emission fluxes of gaseous mercury (Hg2+ and Hg-0) to and from Lake Michigan. Measurements of DGM concentrations made during May and July, 1994 and January, 1995 indicate that Lake Michigan was supersaturated with DGM suggesting that transfer of Hg-0 occurs from the water to the atmosphere. Overwater concentrations of gaseous Hg2+ were estimated from total gaseous Hg (TGM) concentrations measured at five sites in the basin and used to model dry deposition fluxes of Hg2+. The modeling approach combines estimates of dry deposited Hg2+ with known photochemical and biotic reduction rates to form Hg-0, which is available for re-emission. The model accounts for temporal and spatial variations in the deposition velocity of gaseous Hg2+ and the transfer velocity of Hg-0 using high temporal and spatial resolution meteorological data. The modeled DGM concentrations agree well with the observed DGM concentrations in Lake Michigan. The modeled dry deposition fluxes of Hg2+ (286-797 kg yr(-1)) are very similar to the emission fluxes of Hg-0 (320-959 kg yr(-1)), depending on the gaseous Hg2+ concentration used in the model. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Vette, AF (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4525 EP 4532 DI 10.1021/es0112184 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ED UT WOS:000179002700024 PM 12433160 ER PT J AU Cooter, EJ Hutzell, WT Foreman, WT Majewski, MS AF Cooter, EJ Hutzell, WT Foreman, WT Majewski, MS TI A regional atmospheric fate and transport model for atrazine. 2. Evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER VALLEY; MASS-BALANCE; PESTICIDES AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system has been adapted to simulate the regional fate and transport of atrazine. Model modifications and simulations spanning April to mid-July 1995 are described in a previous paper. CMAQ results for atrazine concentrations in air and rainfall are evaluated against field observations taken along the Mississippi River and the shores of Lake Michigan in 1995. CMAQ results agree within 10% of published annual wet deposition load estimates for Lake Michigan and predicted annual dry deposition lies within published error bounds. Comparisons of weekly observed and predicted air and rainfall concentrations along the Mississippi River yield order-of-magnitude differences. Precipitation weighting of concentrations in rainfall good agreement for seasonal time frames. Weekly ambient gas form concentrations tend to be overpredicted by the CMAQ and semivolatile particulate fractions are underpredicted. Uncertainty in CMAQ predictions of air and rainfall concentrations for atrazine appear to derive primarily from uncertainty in emissions estimates, simulated precipitation, and spatial scale. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Res Lab, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Res Lab, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4593 EP 4599 DI 10.1021/es011372q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ED UT WOS:000179002700033 PM 12433169 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, A AF Fairbrother, A TI Risk assessment: Lessons learned SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, N Amer Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Fairbrother, A (reprint author), US EPA, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, N Amer Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2261 EP 2263 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2261:RALL>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 604ZP UT WOS:000178651200001 PM 12389901 ER PT J AU Ferretti, JA Calesso, DF Lazorchak, JM Durham, CO AF Ferretti, JA Calesso, DF Lazorchak, JM Durham, CO TI Evaluation of reduced sediment volume toxicity test procedures using the marine amphipod Ampelisca abdita SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment toxicity tests; amphipod; Ampelisca abdita ID LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; WATER; BAY AB During the past 20 years, the role of sediment toxicity tests has expanded from testing of primarily dredged material to risk assessment, decontamination technologies, large-scale regional sediment-quality assessments, and toxicity identification evaluations. Sediment toxicity tests are needed that can provide reliable data using less sediment and smaller test chambers, thus utilizing resources more efficiently. We compared survival results from 10-d standard marine amphipod tests at 20degreesC using 200 ml of sediment to reduced-volume tests containing 20 or 50 ml of sediment and found no significant differences. Similar survival also was observed in tests conducted for 7-d at 23degreesC versus the standard 10-d exposure at 20degreesC. However. amphipod sensitivity was significantly less in reduced-volume tests conducted for only 4- or 7-d at 20degreesC. The 10-d sediment toxicity tests using 50 ml of sediment provided comparable results to the standard protocol, whereas time for sampling. preparing, and sieving sediments for a test was substantially reduced. C1 US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Environm Careers Org, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferretti, JA (reprint author), US EPA, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM ferretti.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2372 EP 2377 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2372:EORSVT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 604ZP UT WOS:000178651200016 PM 12389916 ER PT J AU Lattier, DL Reddy, TV Gordon, DA Lazorchak, TM Smith, ME Williams, DE Wiechman, B Flick, RW Miracle, AL Toth, GP AF Lattier, DL Reddy, TV Gordon, DA Lazorchak, TM Smith, ME Williams, DE Wiechman, B Flick, RW Miracle, AL Toth, GP TI 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol-induced vitellogenin gene transcription quantified in livers of adult males, larvae, and gills of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitellogenin messenger RNA; fathead minnow; gene expression; 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; OREOCHROMIS-AUREUS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; WILDLIFE; FISH; CHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION AB We have applied a method for quantifying relative levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription to assess chemically induced gene expression in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Synthetic oligonucleotides designed for the fathead minnow vitellogenin gene transcription product were used in a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol. This sensitive and rapid strategy detected vitellogenin gene transcription in livers of male fathead minnows exposed to concentrations as low as 2 ng/L of the endocrine-disrupting compound 17alpha-ethynylestradiol for 24 h. Surprisingly, vitellogenin transcription products also were detected in gill tissue and in 48-h-old posthatch fathead minnow larvae. Relative levels of vitellogenin gene induction among individuals were quantified in a single-step reaction (PCR multiplex) with 18S rRNA universal primers and Competimers(R) concurrently with fathead minnow vitellogenin oligonucleotides. This quantitative approach will markedly enhance detection of the first cellular event of estrogenic exposure to aquatic ecosystems in both field and laboratory systems. Use of the model provides sensitivity of detection at a concentration below those that cause mortality or visible signs of stress in fish or other aquatic organisms. The model may also provide an in vivo screening method for estrogenlike endocrine-disrupting compounds. C1 US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Sobran Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Pathol Assoc Int Inc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Lattier, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2385 EP 2393 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2385:EIVGTQ>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 604ZP UT WOS:000178651200018 PM 12389918 ER PT J AU Keith, DJ Yoder, JA Freeman, SA AF Keith, DJ Yoder, JA Freeman, SA TI Spatial and temporal distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: Implications for phytoplankton in coastal waters SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coloured dissolved organic matter; remote sensing; phytoplankton; chlorophyll alpha ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL; PIGMENTS; SEA; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHMS; SALINITY; SPECTRA; BLOOM AB One indicator of health in estuarine and coastal ecosystems is the ability of local waters to transmit sunlight to planktonic, macrophytic, and other submerged vegetation for photosynthesis. The concentration of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a primary factor affecting the absorption of incident sunlight in coastal and estuarine waters. In estuaries, CDOM concentrations vary due to changes in salinity gradients, inflows of industrial and domestic effluents, and the production of new dissolved organic matter from marine biologic activity. CDOM absorption data have been collected from a variety of waters. However, there are a limited number of measurements along the US east coast and a general lack of data from New England waters. This study characterized the temporal and spatial variability of CDOM absorption over an annual cycle in Narragansett Bay and Block Island Sound (Rhode Island). Results suggested that, in Narragansett Bay, the magnitude of CDOM absorption is related to the seasonal variability of freshwater input from surrounding watersheds and new CDOM production from in situ biologic activity. The data show that the average CDOM absorption coefficient at 412 nm was 0.45 m(-1) and the average spectral slope was 0.020 nm(-1). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Keith, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 42 TC 47 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 55 IS 5 BP 705 EP 717 DI 10.1006/ecss.2001.0922 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 620RU UT WOS:000179546900003 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Jaspers, I Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Drobna, Z Jaspers, I Thomas, DJ Styblo, M TI Differential activation of AP-1 in human bladder epithelial cells by inorganic and methylated arsenicals SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE arsenic; methylation; ERK; JNK; cancer ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; SODIUM ARSENITE; DNA-BINDING; HUMAN URINE; C-JUN; PENTAVALENT ARSENICALS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION AB Chronic exposures to inorganic arsenic (iAs) have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, including cancer of the urinary bladder. Mechanisms by which iAs promotes cancer may include stimulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding through increased expression and/or phosphorylation of the AP-1 constituents. However, the role of methylated metabolites of iAs in AP-1 activation has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we show that short-time exposures to 0.1-5 muM arsenite (iAs(III)) or the methylated trivalent arsenicals methylarsine oxide ((MAsO)-O-III), or iododimethylarsine ((DMAsI)-I-III) induce phosphorylation of c-Jun and increase AP-1 DNA binding activity in human bladder epithelial cells. (DMAsI)-I-III and especially (MAsO)-O-III are considerably more potent than iAs(III) as inducers of c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation. Phosphorylated c-Jun, JunB, JunD, and Fra-1, but not c-Fos, FosB, or ATF-2, are detected in the AP-1-DNA binding complex in cells exposed to trivalent arsenicals. In cells transiently transfected with an AP-1-dependent promoter-reporter construct, (MAsO)-O-III was more potent than iAs(III) in inducing the AP-1-dependent gene transcription. Exposures to trivalent arsenicals induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinases or p38 kinases. These results indicate that an ERK-dependent signal transduction pathway is at least partially responsible for c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation in UROtsa cells exposed to inorganic or methylated trivalent arsenicals. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lan,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, CB 7220,535 Burnett Womack Clin Sci Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 16 IS 13 BP 67 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.02-0287fje PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 632HU UT WOS:000180218500015 ER PT J AU Sato, K Kadiiska, MB Ghio, AJ Corbett, J Fann, YC Holland, SM Thurman, RG Mason, RP AF Sato, K Kadiiska, MB Ghio, AJ Corbett, J Fann, YC Holland, SM Thurman, RG Mason, RP TI In vivo lipid-derived free radical formation by NADPH oxidase in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide: a model for ARDS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE spin trapping; knockout mice; GdCl3 ID GADOLINIUM CHLORIDE; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; KUPFFER CELLS; SEPTIC SHOCK; RAT-LIVER; ENDOTOXIN; PEROXIDATION; LEUKOCYTES AB Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates alveolar macrophages and infiltration of neutrophils, causing lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Free radicals are a special focus as the final causative molecules in the pathogenesis of lung injury caused by LPS. Although in vitro investigation has demonstrated radical generation after exposure of cells to LPS, in vivo evidence is lacking. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) and the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN), we investigated in vivo free radical production by rats treated with intratracheal instillation of LPS. ESR spectroscopy of lipid extract from lungs exposed to LPS for 6 h gave a spectrum consistent with that of a POBN/carbon-centered radical adduct (a(N) =14.94+/-0.07 G and a(beta)(H)=2.42+/-0.06 G) tentatively assigned as a product of lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the mechanism of LPS-initiated free radical generation, rats were pretreated with the phagocytic toxicant GdCl3, which significantly decreased the production of radical adducts with a corresponding decrease in neutrophil infiltration. NADPH oxidase knockout mice completely blocked phagocyte-mediated, ESR-detectable radical production in this model of acute lung injury. Rats treated intratracheally with LPS generate lipid-derived free radicals via activation of NADPH oxidase. C1 NIEHS, Free Rad Metab Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIAID, Host Def Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Hepatobiol & Toxicol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sato, K (reprint author), NIEHS, Free Rad Metab Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sato@niehs.nih.gov NR 45 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 16 IS 13 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1096/fj.02-0331com PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 632HU UT WOS:000180218500003 PM 12409313 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Gregg, J Olszyk, DM Rygiewicz, PT Tingey, DT AF Hobbie, EA Gregg, J Olszyk, DM Rygiewicz, PT Tingey, DT TI Effects of climate change on labile and structural carbon in Douglas-fir needles as estimated by delta C-13 and C-area measurements SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon concentration; carbon isotopes; labile carbon; leaf sugars; needle age; Pseudotsuga menziesii; structural carbon ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TREES PINUS-SILVESTRIS; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; DIFFERENT AGE-CLASSES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; TEMPERATURE; PLANT; SEEDLINGS; DIOXIDE AB Models of photosynthesis, respiration, and export predict that foliar labile carbon (C) should increase with elevated CO2 but decrease with elevated temperature. Sugars, starch, and protein can be compared between treatments, but these compounds make up only a fraction of the total labile pool. Moreover, it is difficult to assess the turnover of labile carbon between years for evergreen foliage. Here, we combined changes in foliar C-area (C concentration on an areal basis) as needles aged with changes in foliar isotopic composition (delta(13) C) caused by inputs of (13) C-depleted CO2 to estimate labile and structural C in needles of different ages in a four-year, closed-chamber mesocosm experiment in which Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were exposed to elevated temperature (ambient + 3.5 degreesC) and CO2 (ambient + 179 ppm). Declines in delta (13) C of needle cohorts as they aged indicated incorporation of newly fixed labile or structural carbon. The delta (13) C calculations showed that new C was 41 +/- 2% and 28 +/- 3% of total needle carbon in second- and third-year needles, respectively, with higher proportions of new C in elevated than ambient CO2 chambers (e.g. 42 +/- 2% vs. 37 +/- 6%, respectively, for second-year needles). Relative to ambient CO2 , elevated CO2 increased labile C in both first- and second-year needles. Relative to ambient temperature, elevated temperature diminished labile C in second-year needles but not in first-year needles, perhaps because of differences in sink strength between the two needle age classes. We hypothesize that plant-soil feedbacks on nitrogen supply contributed to higher photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures that partly compensated for higher turnover rates of labile C. Strong positive correlations between labile C and sugar concentrations suggested that labile C was primarily determined by carbohydrates. Labile C was negatively correlated with concentrations of cellulose and protein. Elevated temperature increased foliar %C, possibly due to a shift of labile constituents from low %C carbohydrates to relatively high %C protein. Decreased sugar concentrations and increased nitrogen concentrations with elevated temperature were consistent with this explanation. Because foliar constituents that vary in isotopic signature also vary in concentrations with leaf age or environmental conditions, inferences of c (i) /c (a) values from delta (13) C of bulk leaf tissue should be done cautiously. Tracing of (13) C through foliar carbon pools may provide new insight into foliar C constituents and turnover. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1072 EP 1084 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00541.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599QP UT WOS:000178346900003 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS Hickey, AJ AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS Hickey, AJ TI Aerosol transport and deposition in a triple bifurcation bronchial airway model with local tumors SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; BRONCHOGENIC-CARCINOMA; FLOW STRUCTURES; LUNG; OBSTRUCTION; PATTERNS; MOTION AB Airflow characteristics and particle deposition have been numerically simulated in a triple bifurcation lung airway model (from generation 3-6 airways) with local tumors protruded from the sidewalls of generation 5 airways. The effects of tumors in terms of size and location on airflow, particle transport, and deposition patterns were analyzed for constant inspiratory flow rates with inlet Reynolds (Re(match) = 463 and 1882) and Stokes number (St(match) = 0.02-0.12) combinations that match different cyclic inhalation waveforms. The size of tumors was varied to induce an obstruction of airway lumen by 16-74%. Extreme conditions, 2 and 100% obstruction, were also examined. The results show that enhanced deposition occurs in the carina region at each bifurcation, and deposition increases with increasing Stokes and Reynolds number as expected from earlier studies. In addition, deposition increases at the tumor site until the tumor blocks about half of the airway lumen and then decreases with a further obstruction. In other words, there exists a maximum particle deposition fraction (DF) for a protruding tumor that occludes the lumen. The maximum DF at the tumor was 10.2% within the test conditions used. Deposition occurs mainly on the frontal surface of the tumors, but spreads out to the opposite wall, or upstream sections, or sister branches of the tumor at high flow rates and Stokes number. The present results (1) help in the understanding of the complex toxic or therapeutic aerosol dynamics in the lung with local airways obstruction, and (2) provide quantitative information on critical tumor size and particle deposition to health care specialists. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Drug Delivery & Deposit, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1111 EP 1133 DI 10.1080/08958370290084809 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 614AG UT WOS:000179164200003 PM 12454794 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JA AF Shoemaker, JA TI Novel chromatographic separation and carbon solid-phase extraction of acetanilide herbicide degradation products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; ACID METABOLITE; WATER; ALACHLOR; METOLACHLOR; IDENTIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; LC/MS/MS; SOIL AB One acetamide and 5 acetanilide herbicides are currently registered for use in the United States. Over the past several years, ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OA) degradation products of these acetanilide/acetamide herbicides have been found in U.S. ground waters and surface waters. Alachlor ESA and other acetanilide degradation products are listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 1998 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List. Consequently, EPA is interested in obtaining national occurrence data for these contaminants in drinking water. EPA currently does not have a method for determining these acetanilide degradation products in drinking water; therefore, a research method is being developed using liquid chromatography/negative ion electrospray/mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction (SPE). A novel chromatographic separation of the acetochlor/alachlor ESA and OA structural isomers was developed which uses an ammonium acetate-methanol gradient combined with heating the analytical column to 70degreesC. Twelve acetanilide degradates were extracted by SPE from 100 mL water samples using carbon cartridges with mean recoveries >90% and relative standard deviations less than or equal to16%. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shoemaker, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS 564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1331 EP 1337 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 620GB UT WOS:000179524700016 PM 12477196 ER PT J AU Leech, JA Nelson, WC Burnett, RT Aaron, S Raizenne, ME AF Leech, JA Nelson, WC Burnett, RT Aaron, S Raizenne, ME TI It's about time: A comparison of Canadian and American time-activity patterns SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; time-activity pattern AB This study compares two North American time-activity data bases: the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) of 9386 interviewees in 19921994 in the continental USA with the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey (CHAPS) of 2381 interviewees in 1996-1997 in four major Canadian cities. Identical surveys and methodology were used to collect this data: random sample telephone selection within the identified telephone exchanges, computer-assisted telephone interviews, overselection of children and weekends in the 24 - h recall diary and the same interviewers. Very similar response rates were obtained: 63% (NHAPS) and 64.5% (CHAPS). Results of comparisons by age within major activity and location groups suggest activity and location patterns are very similar (most differences being less than 1% or 14 min in a 24 - h day) with the exception of seasonal differences. Canadians spend less time outdoors in winter and less time indoors in summer than their U.S. counterparts. When exposure assessments use time of year or outdoor/indoor exposure gradients, these differences may result in significant differences in exposure assessments. Otherwise, the 24 - h time activity patterns of North Americans are remarkably similar and use of the combined data set for some exposure assessments may be feasible. C1 Hlth Canada, Bur Chem Hazards, Air Qual Hlth Effects Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Leech, JA (reprint author), Ottawa Hosp, Div Respirol, Civ Campus,1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. OI Aaron, Shawn/0000-0002-4762-3542 NR 11 TC 201 Z9 205 U1 6 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500244 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000180141700005 PM 12415491 ER PT J AU Royster, MO Hilborn, ED Barr, D Carty, CL Rhoney, S Walsh, D AF Royster, MO Hilborn, ED Barr, D Carty, CL Rhoney, S Walsh, D TI A pilot study of global positioning system/geographical information system measurement of residential proximity to agricultural fields and urinary organophosphate metabolite concentrations in toddlers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; children; environment; GPS/GIS; organophosphates; pesticides ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; DRIFT; PARAQUAT; DISTANCE; AERIAL AB This pilot study enrolled 20 children between the ages of I I and 17 months in Imperial County, California to assess children's pesticide exposure and residential proximity to agricultural fields. We compared parental self-report of residential proximity to agricultural fields to measurements using global positioning system/geographical information system (GPS/GIS) technology, and we assessed the relationship between residential proximity to agricultural fields and a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure. Questionnaires were administered twice, 4 weeks apart, to determine self-reported residential proximity to agricultural fields. Urine samples were collected at each contact to measure OP metabolites. Actual residential proximity to the closest agricultural field and number of fields was within I mile to the west were measured using GPS/GIS. Self-report of living proximity to agricultural fields agreed with GPS/GIS measurement 75% of the time during the initial interview, compared to 66% agreement during the second interview. Presence of urinary metabolites suggests that OP exposure was ubiquitous: creatinine-adjusted total urinary dimethyl values ranged from 1.60 to 516.00 mug/g creatinine, and total diethyl ranged from 2.70 to 134.84 mug/g creatinine. No association was found between urinary OP metabolites and residential to field proximity. These results suggest that initial self-report of living proximity to agricultural fields may be more accurate than follow-up self-report. Limitations in this pilot study prevent determination of whether self-report is an accurate measure of proximity. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58,C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epamail.epa.gov RI Carty, Cara/B-8683-2013 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500247 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000180141700006 PM 12415492 ER PT J AU Lemire, KR Allen, DT Klouda, GA Lewis, CW AF Lemire, KR Allen, DT Klouda, GA Lewis, CW TI Fine particulate matter source attribution for Southeast Texas using C-14/C-13 ratios SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; radiocarbon; secondary organic aerosol ID AEROSOL FORMATION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; RADIOCARBON; PARTICLES; TRACER AB Radiocarbon analyses of fine particulate matter samples collected during the summer of 2000 in southeast Texas indicate that a substantial fraction of the aerosol carbon at an urban/suburban site (27-73%) and at a rural, forested site (44-77%) was modern carbon. Data from emission inventories and additional ambient measurements indicate that the most likely sources of this modern carbon are biomass burning fires and biogenic secondary organic aerosol. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NIST, Atmospher Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lemire, KR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM allen@che.utexas.edu NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4613 DI 10.1029/2002JD002339 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500011 ER PT J AU Odman, MT Russell, AG Srivastava, RK McRae, DS AF Odman, MT Russell, AG Srivastava, RK McRae, DS TI "Simulation of a reacting pollutant puff using an adaptive grid algorithm" by R.K. Srivastava et al. - Reply SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHEMISTRY C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Odman, MT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM srivastava.ravi@epa.gov RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4644 DI 10.1029/2002JD002511 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500044 ER PT J AU Allen, D Bauer, D Bras, B Gutowski, T Murphy, C Piwonka, T Sheng, P Sutherland, J Thurston, D Wolff, E AF Allen, D Bauer, D Bras, B Gutowski, T Murphy, C Piwonka, T Sheng, P Sutherland, J Thurston, D Wolff, E TI Environmentally Benign Manufacturing: Trends in Europe, Japan, and the USA SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In this paper findings of the Panel for International Assessment of Environmentally Benign Manufacturing Technologies, sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation, are discussed. The mission of this interdisciplinary panel was to assess the international state-of-the-art in Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM), and to identify priorities and collaborative opportunities. Over 50 sites in Japan, Europe and the United States were visited over the course of the yearlong study. This paper focuses on some global trends that were observed. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. McKinsey, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Michigan Tech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. RP Bras, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 908 EP 920 DI 10.1115/1.1505855 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 614RR UT WOS:000179204800016 ER PT J AU Porteous, LA Widmer, F Seidler, RJ AF Porteous, LA Widmer, F Seidler, RJ TI Multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for high resolution distinction of Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) 16S rRNA genes SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ARDRA; MERFLP; multiple enzyme restriction analysis; phylotype; Pseudomonas ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; GENUS PSEUDOMONAS; SELECTIVE MEDIA; CLASSIFICATION; ENUMERATION; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; DISEASE; DNA AB Members of the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) are important phytopathogens and agents of human infections, while other strains and species have beneficial bioremediation and biocontrol activities. Traditionally, these important species have been difficult to differentiate phenotypically; thus, rRNA lineage analyses have often been invoked. In this report, a newly developed approach is described to rapidly detect and distinguish fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates: PCR amplification of a Pseudomonas-specific 990-bp ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) fragment [Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (1998) 2545.] coupled with multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism (MERFLP) analysis using a single digestion mixture of AluI, HinfI, RsaI, and Tru9I incubated at 37degreesC. The method distinguished 116 published sequences and 47 reference strains of authentic Pseudomonas representing 28 nomenspecies. A total of 55% (64/116) of the sequences analyzed by MERFLP were grouped into distinct phylogenetic clusters including Pseudomonas putida, P. syringae, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, and P. fluorescens. The utility of the MERFLPs was confirmed when 100% (33/33) of the above named control reference strains were correctly placed into their phylogenetic clusters. The environmental relevance of the MERFLP method was confirmed when 67% of 28 forest and agricultural soil-derived presumptive Pseudomonas environmental clones and isolates were placed into the five major pseudomonad clusters, one clone fell into the P. agarici cluster, and five clones clustered near related pseudomonads. These data demonstrated that the PCR-MERFLP protocol provides an efficient and powerful tool for distinguishing isolates and rDNA gone libraries of environmental Pseudomonas species. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. CNR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Porteous, LA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 337 EP 348 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00108-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00108-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 598CG UT WOS:000178257100010 PM 12223294 ER PT J AU Lee, TG Hedrick, E Biswas, P AF Lee, TG Hedrick, E Biswas, P TI Hg reactions in the presence of chlorine species: Homogeneous gas phase and heterogeneous gas-solid phase SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GASES; SORBENT PRECURSORS; WASTE INCINERATION; MERCURY-VAPOR; POWER-PLANTS; GROUND-STATE; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; CAPTURE; EMISSIONS AB The kinetics of Hg chlorination (with HCI) was studied using a flow reactor system with an online Hg analyzer, and speciation sampling using a set of impingers. Kinetic parameters, such as reaction order (alpha), overall rate constant (k'), and activation energy (E-a), were estimated based on the simple overall reaction pathway. The reaction order with respect to C-Hg, k', and E-a were found to be 1.55, 5.07 x 10(-2)exp(-1939.68/T) [(mug/m(3))(-0.55)(s)(-1)] and 16.13 [kJ/mol], respectively. The effect of chlorine species (HCI, CH2Cl2) on the in situ Hg capture method previously developed(28) was also investigated. The efficiency of capture of Hg by this in situ method was higher than 98% in the presence of chlorine species. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the presence of chlorine enhanced the removal of elemental Hg by additional gas-phase oxidation. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seodaemun Gu, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Washington Univ, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Dept Chem & Civil Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lee, TG (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seodaemun Gu, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Lee, Tai Gyu/G-7962-2012 OI Lee, Tai Gyu/0000-0002-8900-1581 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1316 EP 1323 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 619ZL UT WOS:000179507900008 PM 12469718 ER PT J AU Bates, MN Selevan, SG Ellerbee, SM Gartner, LM AF Bates, MN Selevan, SG Ellerbee, SM Gartner, LM TI Reporting needs for studies of environmental chemicals in human milk SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY FEB 15-17, 2002 CL PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, HERSHEY, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; BREAST-MILK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXPOSURE; CONTAMINANTS; PCBS; DIOXINS; MOTHERS AB Studies of environmental chemicals in human milk have been carried out in many countries, but few have been conducted in the United States. These studies are useful for monitoring population trends in exposure to chemicals, for research into the determinants of environmental chemicals in milk and relationships between the levels found and the health status of the women and their infants, and for risk assessment. This article provides practical advice on data and information reporting for such studies. Participation in these studies comes at a difficult time for the breast-feeding mothers, so it is important that the mothers support the study and its goals. A key goal of any study of environmental chemicals in human milk must be to ensure that the breast-feeding process is not disrupted by unwarranted concerns about harm to the infant from chemicals in human milk. Therefore, it is essential that reporting of information be a two-way process. Information needs to be supplied to participating mothers before, during, and after their participation in the study. Information supplied before participation is necessary to satisfy the ethical requirement for informed consent; information supplied during participation includes advice on expressing, collecting, and storing milk samples, and how to avoid sample contamination; and information supplied to each participant at the end of the study includes a report of their individual results and a summary of study results and outcomes generally. The key instrument for obtaining data from the participants is the study questionnaire. This needs to be prepared in accordance with principles of good questionnaire development, and preferably should be interviewer administered. The questionnaire content will vary according to the objectives of the study. Although studies of environmental chemicals in human milk are logistically complex and demanding, they are practicable and, with careful planning and execution, yield important data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Coll Nursing, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Sect Breastfeeding, Valley Ctr, CA USA. RP Bates, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 BP 1867 EP 1879 DI 10.1080/00984100290071766 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 609PY UT WOS:000178915200005 PM 12470491 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Birnbach, N Borgert, CJ Sonawane, BR Tully, MR Friedman, L AF LaKind, JS Birnbach, N Borgert, CJ Sonawane, BR Tully, MR Friedman, L TI Human milk surveillance and research of environmental chemicals: Concepts for consideration in interpreting and presenting study results SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY FEB 15-17, 2002 CL PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, HERSHEY, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; INTERPREGNANCY INTERVAL; LACTATION; INFANTS; RISK; CONTAMINANTS AB This article describes issues related to the interpretation, presentation, and use of data from human milk surveillance and research studies. It is hoped that researchers conducting human milk studies in the future will consider these concepts when formulating study conclusions and presenting data. The key issues discussed are; (1) communication of information on human milk constituents to health care providers and the public; (2) complexities associated with assessing risks and benefits when comparing breast-feeding and formula-feeding; (3) use of human milk information for trends analysis and assessment of the efficacy of restrictions on use/release of chemicals in the environment; and (4) risk assessment and regulatory decision-making concepts regarding environmental chemicals in human milk. As researchers conduct surveillance and research involving human milk, it is of the utmost importance that the results of these studies are provided with information on risk and benefits that place the data in perspective, so that those involved in decision making regarding infant nutrition (e.g., expectant mothers, physicians, midwives, nurses, and lactation consultants) can appropriately interpret the research data. C1 LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. SUNY Brooklyn, Coll Nursing, Boca Raton, FL USA. Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol, Alachua, FL USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Human Milk Banking Assoc N Amer, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 BP 1909 EP 1928 DI 10.1080/00984100290071793 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 609PY UT WOS:000178915200008 PM 12470494 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Sonawane, BR Kacew, S Borgert, CJ Bates, MN Birnbach, N Campbell, R Dermer, A Dewey, KG Ellerbee, SM Furst, P Giacoia, GP Gartner, L Groer, M Haynes, SG Humenick, SS Lawrence, RA Lorber, M Lovelady, C Mason, A Needham, LL Picciano, MF Plautz, J Ryan, JJ Selevan, SG Sumaya, CV Tully, MR Uhl, K Vesell, E Wilson, JT AF Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Sonawane, BR Kacew, S Borgert, CJ Bates, MN Birnbach, N Campbell, R Dermer, A Dewey, KG Ellerbee, SM Furst, P Giacoia, GP Gartner, L Groer, M Haynes, SG Humenick, SS Lawrence, RA Lorber, M Lovelady, C Mason, A Needham, LL Picciano, MF Plautz, J Ryan, JJ Selevan, SG Sumaya, CV Tully, MR Uhl, K Vesell, E Wilson, JT TI Conclusions, research needs, and recommendations of the expert panel: Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research for Environmental Chemicals in the United States SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Pharmacol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Alachua, FL USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Brooklyn, Coll Nursing, Brooklyn, NY USA. Great Lakes Chem Corp, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@worldnett.att.net NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 BP 1929 EP 1935 DI 10.1080/00984100290071801 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 609PY UT WOS:000178915200009 PM 12470495 ER PT J AU Isaacson, S AF Isaacson, S TI Global woman: Nannies, maids, and sex workers in the new economy. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 18 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 608ZN UT WOS:000178878100172 ER PT J AU Cohen, S AF Cohen, S TI Strong positive selection and habitat-specific amino acid substitution patterns in Mhc from an estuarine fish under intense pollution stress SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mhc; major histocompatibility complex; positive selection; Fundulus heteroclitus; chemical stress ID MAJOR-HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-COMPLEX; CLASS-II GENES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PEPTIDE-BINDING; CHINOOK SALMON; DIVERSITY; LOCI; HLA AB Population-level studies using the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) have linked specific alleles with specific diseases, but data requirements are high and the power to detect disease association is low. A novel use of Mhc population surveys involves mapping allelic substitutions onto the inferred structural molecular model to show functional differentiation related to local selective pressures. In the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus, populations experiencing strong differences in antigenic challenges show significant differences in amino acid substitution patterns that are reflected as variation in the structural location of changes between populations. Fish from a population genetically adapted to severe chemical pollution also show novel patterns of DNA substitution at a highly variable Mhc class 11 B locus including strong signals of positive selection at inferred antigen-binding sites and population-specific signatures of amino acid substitution. Heavily parasitized fish from an extreme PCB-contaminated (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund) site show enhanced population-specific substitutions in the a-helix portion of the inferred antigen-binding region. In contrast, fish from an unpolluted site show a significantly different pattern focused on the first strand of the B-pleated sheet. Whether Mhc population profile differences represent the direct effects of chemical toxicants or indirect parasite-mediated selection, the result is a composite habitat-specific signature of strong selection and evolution affecting the genetic repetoire of the major histocompatibility complex. C1 Harvard Univ, BioLabs, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Cohen, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, BioLabs, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Div Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 72 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1870 EP 1880 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 617NF UT WOS:000179367200005 PM 12411596 ER PT J AU Blackman, CF Grindstaff, R AF Blackman, CF Grindstaff, R TI Integrin-mediated cell attachment shows time-dependent upregulation of gap junction communication SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 1972 BP 350A EP 351A PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569101971 ER PT J AU Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Herlihy, AT Intelmann, SS Corbett, SC Arbogast, MC Hjort, RC AF Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Herlihy, AT Intelmann, SS Corbett, SC Arbogast, MC Hjort, RC TI Electrofishing distance needed to estimate fish species richness in raftable Oregon rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NUMBER; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTRAPOLATION; BIODIVERSITY; LAKES AB One critical issue surrounding river biomonitoring is the minimum amount of sampling distance required to adequately represent the fish assemblage of a reach. Determining adequate sampling distance is important because it affects the estimates of fish assemblage integrity and diversity at the local and regional scales. We sought to answer the sampling distance question by. sampling 45 raftable Oregon river reaches for an entire day and then assessing the minimum effort needed to collect 95% of the species obtained in 75% of the reaches sampled. We also resampled 10 reaches to estimate the measurement and sampling period errors. Fish were collected by means of an electrofishing raft, and physical and chemical habitats were sampled to aid in data interpretation. The collected numbers of species were typically only 0-3 species fewer than those predicted for true species richness by simulated species accumulation curves and nonparametric models. We concluded that a sampling distance equal to 85 times the mean wetted channel width produced repeatable results and 95% of the fish species that were usually collected in 100 channel widths or 8 h. Collection of all fish species in a reach was estimated to require an average of 300 channel widths. C1 Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. NOAA, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Comp Sci Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hughes, RM (reprint author), Dynamac, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1229 EP 1240 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1229:EDNTEF>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 622MP UT WOS:000179651100015 ER PT J AU Lewis, JD Lucash, M Olszyk, DM Tingey, DT AF Lewis, JD Lucash, M Olszyk, DM Tingey, DT TI Stomatal responses of Douglas-fir seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature during the third and fourth years of exposure SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; climate change; Douglas-fir; elevated CO2; leaf water relations; photosynthesis; seasonal patterns; stomatal conductance; temperature; transpiration ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT RESPONSE; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PINUS-TAEDA; RISING CO2; SEASONAL PATTERNS; CONDUCTANCE; GROWTH; FOREST AB Two major components of climate change, increasing atmospheric [CO2] and increasing temperature, may substantially alter the effects of water availability to plants through effects on the rate of water loss from leaves. We examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and temperature on seasonal patterns of stomatal conductance (g(s)), transpiration (E) and instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE) in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sunlit chambers at either ambient CO2 (AC) or ambient + 180 mum mol mol(-1) CO2 (EC), and at ambient temperature (AT) or ambient + 3.5 degreesC (ET) in a full-factorial design. Needle gas exchange at the target growth conditions was measured approximately monthly over 21 months. Across the study period and across temperature treatments, growth in elevated [CO2] decreased E by an average of 12% and increased ITE by an average of 46%. The absolute reduction of E associated with elevated [CO2] significantly increased with seasonal increases in the needle-to-air vapour pressure deficit (D). Across CO2 treatments, growth in elevated temperature increased E an average of 37%, and did not affect ITE. Combined, growth in elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature increased E an average of 19% compared with the ACAT treatment. The CO2 supply and growth temperature did not significantly affect stomatal sensitivity to D or the relationship between gs and net photosynthetic rates. This study suggests that elevated [CO2] may not completely ameliorate the effect of elevated temperature on E, and that climate change may substantially alter needle-level water loss and water use efficiency of Douglas-fir seedlings. C1 Fordham Univ, Biol Stn, Louis Calder Ctr, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US EPA, Agcy Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lewis, JD (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Biol Stn, Louis Calder Ctr, 53 Whippoorwill Rd,POB 887, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RI Lucash, Melissa /I-8677-2012 OI Lucash, Melissa /0000-0003-1509-3273 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00923.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 609UB UT WOS:000178922000004 ER PT J AU Andrady, AL Nunez, CM Chiou, BS Khan, SA AF Andrady, AL Nunez, CM Chiou, BS Khan, SA TI Rheology of concentrated solutions of hyperbranched polyesters SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC POLYMERS; DENDRIMERS; BEHAVIOR AB The solution rheology of different generations of hyperbranched polyesters in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NW) solvent was examined in this study. The solutions exhibited Newtonian behavior over a wide range of polyester concentrations. Also, the relative viscosities of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in ethylenediamine were compared with those of the hyperbranched polyesters in NUP. Both types of dendtitic polymers have relative viscosities that are exponential functions of their molar function in solution. The slopes of these relative viscosity curves show a linear relationship with respect to the generation number. PAMAM dendrimers have the greater slopes for each generation, reflecting their relatively larger intrinsic. viscosity values. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Chem & Life Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Andrady, AL (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Chem & Life Sci Div, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2065 EP 2071 DI 10.1002/pen.11097 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 620AQ UT WOS:000179510900001 ER PT J AU McDorman, KS Wolf, DC AF McDorman, KS Wolf, DC TI Use of the spontaneous Tsc2 knockout (Eker) rat model of hereditary renal cell carcinoma for the study of renal carcinogens SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicologic-Pathologists CY JUN, 2000 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Soc Toxicol Pathologists DE Eker; renal cell carcinoma; animal model; renal carcinogenesis; Tsc2; tuberin ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; VON-HIPPEL-LINDAU; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS HAMARTOMAS; DOMINANTLY INHERITED CANCER; EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; ALTERED EXPRESSION; SOMATIC MUTATION AB The kidney is a frequent site for chemically induced cancers in rodents and among the 10 most frequent sites for cancer in human patients. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent upper urinary tract cancer in humans and accounts for 80-85% of malignant renal tumors. Hereditary RCC occurs in Eker rats that are heterozygous for an insertion mutation in the Tsc2 tumor suppressor gene. The germline mutation renders heterozygous mutants highly susceptible to renal carcinogens. The utility of this model in studying potential renal carcinogens is due to an ordered progression of proliferative renal lesions that can be identified and counted microscopically. The quantitative nature of the model allows for the production of statistically powerful data to understand the relative degree and potency of chemical effects and allow analysis of genetic alterations that may be chemical specific. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 68,86 TW Alexander, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1080/01926230290168542 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 615KB UT WOS:000179243400007 PM 12512868 ER PT J AU Seely, JC Haseman, JK Nyska, A Wolf, DC Everitt, JI Hailey, JR AF Seely, JC Haseman, JK Nyska, A Wolf, DC Everitt, JI Hailey, JR TI The effect of chronic progressive nephropathy on the incidence of renal tubule cell neoplasms in control male F344 rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicologic-Pathologists CY JUN, 2000 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Soc Toxicol Pathologists DE kidney; nephropathy; neoplasia; males; Fischer 344 rat; National Toxicology Program ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; FISCHER-344 RATS; B6C3F(1) MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; PROLIFERATION; MECHANISMS; KIDNEY; HYDROQUINONE; TOXICITY; NTP-2000 AB Chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) is the most frequently diagnosed lesion in the rat kidney. It has many components including degeneration and regeneration of renal tubule (RT) epithelium, glomerular lesions and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The incidence and severity of CPN is strain, age, and sex dependent and may be altered by a number of factors including exposure to xenobiotics. In National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2-year bioassays, xenobiotic-associated increased severity ( exacerbation) of CPN often occurs in association with a marginal increased incidence of renal tubule cell neoplasms (RTCN). The relationship between CPN and RTCN development has not been definitively determined. The present study evaluated the association between severity of CPN and the occurrence of RTCN in control male F344 rats. A slight but statistically significant increase in CPN severity was present in those animals with RTCN compared to aged-matched controls without RTCN. Although these data suggest there is a positive correlation between CPN and RTCN, cause and effect were not determined. This marginal association suggests that the number of RTCNs that may develop secondary to chemically exacerbated nephropathy would be few. C1 Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Anal, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Seely, JC (reprint author), Expt Pathol Labs Inc, POB 12766, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Everitt, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0273-6284 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1080/01926230290166779 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 615KB UT WOS:000179243400008 PM 12512869 ER PT J AU Foster, PMD Gray, LE AF Foster, PMD Gray, LE TI Endocrine active agents: Implications of adverse and non-adverse changes - Response SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Lafayette, NJ 07848 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foster, PMD (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 757 EP 757 DI 10.1080/01926230290166869 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 615KB UT WOS:000179243400018 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MCJ Ledbetter, AD Hauser, R Christiani, DC Samet, JM McGee, J Richards, JH Costa, DL AF Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MCJ Ledbetter, AD Hauser, R Christiani, DC Samet, JM McGee, J Richards, JH Costa, DL TI Pulmonary and systemic effects of zinc-containing emission particles in three rat strains: Multiple exposure scenarios SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE zinc-containing emission particles; lung injury; inflammation; spontaneously hypertensive rats; plasma fibrinogen ID OIL FLY-ASH; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG INJURY; AMBIENT AIR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INHALATION EXPOSURES; RODENT MODELS; GUINEA-PIGS; IN-VITRO; METALS AB As a common component of ambient particulate matter (PM), zinc has been proposed to play a role in PM-induced adverse health effects. Although occupational exposures to high levels of zinc-fume have been associated with metal-fume fever accompanied by pulmonary inflammation and injury, the effects of PM-associated zinc are unclear. We hypothesized that an oil combustion emission PM (EPM) containing bioavailable zinc would induce pulmonary injury and systemic hematological changes attributable to the leachable zinc following acute as well as longer-term exposures in a rat strain-specific manner. In order to initially characterize the pulmonary response to EPM, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intratracheally (IT) instilled with 0.0, 0.8, 3.3, or 8.3 mg/kg EPM in saline. To further determine if the pulmonary injury was associated with the EPM leachable zinc, subsequent studies included IT instillation of SD rats with either saline, whole EPM suspension, the saline leachable fraction of EPM, the particulate fraction of EPM (all at 8.3 mg/kg, soluble Zn = 14.5 mug/mg EPM), or ZnSO4 (0.0, 33.0, or 66.0 mug/kg Zn). Finally, to ascertain the cumulative impact of inhaled EPM in the causation of acute pulmonary and systemic effects as well as long-term fibrotic responses, we exposed three rat strains of differential susceptibility to PM. Male SD, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats (90 days old) were exposed nose-only to either filtered air or EPM: 2, 5, or 10 mg/m(3) (6 h/day x 4 days/week x 1 week); or 10 mg/m(3) (6 h/day x 1 day/week for 1, 4, or 16 weeks) and assessed at 2 days postexposure. IT exposures to whole EPM suspensions were associated with a dose-dependent increase in protein/albumin permeability and neutrophilic inflammation. Pulmonary protein/albumin leakage and neutrophilic inflammation caused by the leachable fraction of EPM and ZnSO4 were comparable to the effect of whole suspension. However, protein/albumin leakage was not associated with the particulate fraction, although significant neutrophilic inflammation did occur following instillation. With EPM nose-only inhalation, acute exposures (10 mg/m(3) only) for 4 days resulted in small increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and n-acetyl glucosaminidase activities (similar to50% above control). Surprisingly, unlike IT exposures, no neutrophilic influx was detectable in BALF from any of the inhalation groups. The only major effect of acute and long-term EPM inhalation was a dose- and time-dependent increase in alveolar macrophages (AM) regardless of the rat strain. Histological evidence also showed dose- and time-dependent accumulations of particle-loaded AM. Particles were also evident in interstitial spaces, and in the lung-associated lymph nodes following the inhalation exposures (SH > WKY = SD). There were strain-related differences in peripheral white blood cell counts and plasma fibrinogen with no major EPM inhalation effect. The present study demonstrated the critical differences in pulmonary responsiveness to EPM between IT and inhalation exposures, probably attributable to the dose of bioavailable zinc. EPM IT exposures, but not acute and long-term inhalation of up to 10 mg/m(3), caused neutrophilic inflammation. Inhalation exposures may result in particle accumulation and macrophage recruitment with potential strain differences in EPM clearance. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, MD-82,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1093/toxsci/70.1.73 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 608AQ UT WOS:000178823300010 PM 12388837 ER PT J AU Viana, ME Coates, NH Gavett, SH Selgrade, MK Vesper, SJ Ward, MDW AF Viana, ME Coates, NH Gavett, SH Selgrade, MK Vesper, SJ Ward, MDW TI An extract of Stachybotrys chartarum causes allergic asthma-like responses in a BALB/c mouse model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE allergy; asthma; Stachybotrys chartarum; respiratory exposure ID BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; EXPOSURE; MICE; DISEASE; LUNG; RESPONSIVENESS; HEMOSIDEROSIS AB Environmental exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum has been associated with multiple adverse health effects in humans. The goal of this study was to assess soluble components of this fungus for their ability to cause an asthma-like response in a BALB/c mouse model. Five isolates of S. chartarum were combined and extracted to form a crude antigen preparation (S. chartarum extract 1 [SCE-1]). Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by involuntary aspiration of SCE-1 and subsequently reexposed at 2, 3, and 4 weeks. To distinguish immune from nonspecific inflammatory effects, mice were exposed to 3 doses of Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) and a final dose of SCE-1; or to 4 doses of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a negative control protein. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected before the fourth aspiration (Day 0), and at Days 1, 3, and 7 following the final exposure, and lungs were fixed for histopathological examination. SCE-1-exposed mice displayed increased BALF total protein on Days 0, 1, and 3 and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at Days 1 and 3 only, compared to HBSS controls. BALF total cell numbers were elevated on each day, and differential counts of BALF cells showed neutrophilia on Day 1, marked eosinophilia on all days, and increased numbers of lymphocytes at Days 1, 3, and 7. Serum and BALF total IgE levels were elevated at all days, and BALF IL-5 levels were greatly increased (7-fold) on Day 1. Mice exposed to a single dose of SCE-1 exhibited inflammatory responses but not allergic responses, while BSA-treated mice showed neither inflammatory nor allergic responses. Histopathology confirmed the biochemical findings. Barometric whole-body plethysmography was performed 10 min prior to (baseline) and one h following each aspiration exposure in a second group of mice, to assess immediate respiratory responses. Airway hyperresponsiveness to increasing concentrations of nebulized methacholine (MCh) was assessed on Days 1 and 3 following the fourth aspiration exposure. Exposure to HBSS or BSA did not alter baseline enhanced pause (PenH) values or PenH following the aspiration exposures, nor did it cause an increase in airway responsiveness to MCh. Exposure to SCE-1 resulted in a 4.7-fold increase in PenH over baseline after the third exposure, increasing to 5.6-fold after the final exposure, and increased responsiveness to a 32 mg/ml MCh aerosol challenge. We conclude that multiple respiratory exposures to SCE-1 cause responses typical of allergic airway disease in this mouse model. However, BSA was nonallergenic and did not generate respiratory physiological responses when administered by aspiration. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol Sci & Radiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 86 TW Alexander St,MD92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1093/toxsci/70.1.98 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 608AQ UT WOS:000178823300012 PM 12388839 ER PT J AU Smith, SK Franti, TG Comfort, SD AF Smith, SK Franti, TG Comfort, SD TI Impact of initial soil water content, crop residue cover, and post-herbicide irrigation on herbicide runoff SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual meeting CY JUL 17-22, 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP ASAE DE runoff; herbicide; crop residue; irrigation; soil water content ID TILLAGE; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; CORN; SIMAZINE; MOVEMENT; EROSION; LOSSES AB Herbicide loss in runoff is strongly influenced by rainfall immediately following herbicide application and by environmental conditions, such as crop residue cover and soil water content. A laboratory rainfall simulator was used to quantify the impact of initial soil water content (0.12 and 0.24 kg kg(-1)), crop residue cover (10% and 30% surface cover), post-herbicide irrigation (4 to 8 mm), and timing of first runoff event (1, 8, and 15 days) on atrazine and metolachlor runoff. Herbicides were applied (1.3 kg ha(-1) a.i. atrazine; 1.6 kg ha-1 a.i. metolachlor) to the surface of self-contained soil trays (0.55 X 0.28 m), and simulated rainfall was applied at 55 mm hr(-1). Herbicide concentration and mass loss in runoff were evaluated after 13, 25, 38, and 51 mm of rainfall, but treatment effects were independent of rainfall depth. Greater initial soil water content substantially increased herbicide concentration. When initial soil water content was 24% (versus 12%), 2 to 3 times more herbicide mass loss was observed when runoff occurred I and 8 days after herbicide application. After 51 mm of simulated rain, 30% crop residue cover resulted in 22% to 29% less water runoff and 35% to 50% less atrazine mass loss than 10% residue cover Average herbicide concentrations were similar for both residue levels, indicating that differences in herbicide mass loss resulted from different water runoff volumes. The post-herbicide irrigation ("rain-in") reduced atrazine mass loss by 33% on day 1, largely from reduced concentration, but no mass loss reduction was seen on days 8 and 15, when soil crusting is believed to have increased runoff volume. These results demonstrate the importance of soil water content during the first runoff following herbicide application and quantify how low antecedent moisture, greater crop residue cover, and a light post-herbicide irrigation can reduce herbicide runoff. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US EPA, Reg VII, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Franti, TG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 234 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1817 EP 1824 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 648AE UT WOS:000181125600011 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Coulombe, R Gregg, J AF Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Coulombe, R Gregg, J TI Hydraulic redistribution of soil water during summer drought in two contrasting Pacific Northwest coniferous forests SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Linking the Complexity of Forest Canopies to Ecosystem and Landscape Function CY JUL 11-19, 2001 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OREGON SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Canopy Processes Working Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, NASA HO OREGON STATE UNIV DE Douglas-fir; hydrogen isotope ratio; ponderosa pine; root sap flow; soil volumetric water content; soil water potential ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; WOODY-PLANTS; REVERSE FLOW; SAP FLOW; LIFT; ROOTS; BALANCE; BIOMASS; TRANSPORT; EFFLUX AB The magnitude of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots and its impact on soil water balance were estimated by monitoring time courses of soil water status at multiple depths and root sap flow under drought conditions in a dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) ecosystem and in a moist Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) ecosystem. The fate of deuterated water applied to small plots to create a strong horizontal soil water potential gradient was also monitored to assess the potential for horizontal redistribution of water and utilization of redistributed water by co-occurring shallow-rooted plants. In a 20-year-old Douglas-fir stand, approximately 28% of the water removed daily from the upper 2 in of soil was replaced by nocturnal hydraulic redistribution during late August. In an old-growth ponderosa pine stand, approximately 35% of the total daily water utilization from the upper 2 in of soil appeared to be replaced by hydraulic redistribution during July and August. By late September, hydraulic redistribution in the ponderosa pine stand was no longer apparent, even though total water use from the upper 2 m of soil was nearly identical to that observed earlier. Based on these results, hydraulic redistribution would allow 21 and 16 additional days of stored water to remain in the upper soil horizons in the ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir stands, respectively, after a 60-day drought. At both sites, localized applications of deuterated water induced strong reversal of root sap flow and caused soil water content to cease declining or even temporarily increase at locations too distant from the site of water application to have been influenced by movement of water through the soil without facilitation by roots. Xylem water deuterium values of ponderosa pine seedlings suggested utilization of redistributed water. Therefore, hydraulic redistribution may enhance seedling survival and maintain overstory transpiration during summer drought. These first approximations of the extent of hydraulic redistribution in these ecosystems suggest that it is likely to be an important process in both wet and dry forests of the Pacific Northwest. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 34 TC 146 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 75 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 1107 EP 1117 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 615HE UT WOS:000179239100007 PM 12414370 ER PT J AU Dahling, DR AF Dahling, DR TI An improved filter elution and cell culture assay procedure for evaluating public groundwater systems for culturable enteroviruses SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE viral assay; filter elution; quantal assay; roller bottle assay; groundwater ID MICROPOROUS FILTERS; TAP WATER; VIRUSES; RECOVERY; WASTEWATER; POLIOVIRUS; SAMPLES; LINE; BGM AB Large-scale virus studies of groundwater systems require practical and sensitive procedures for both sample processing and viral assay. Filter adsorption-elution procedures have traditionally been used to process large-volume water samples for viruses. In this study, five filter elution procedures using cartridge filters were evaluated for their effectiveness in processing samples. Of the five procedures tested, the third method, which incorporated two separate beef extract elutions (one being an overnight filter immersion in beef extract), recovered 95% of seeded poliovirus compared with recoveries of 36 to 70% for the other methods. For viral enumeration, an expanded roller bottle quantal assay was evaluated using seeded poliovirus. This cytopathic-based method was considerably more sensitive than the standard plaque assay method. The roller bottle system was more economical than the plaque assay for the evaluation of comparable samples. Using roller bottles required less time and manipulation than the plaque procedure and greatly facilitated the examination of large numbers of samples. The combination of the improved filter elution procedure and the roller bottle assay for viral analysis makes large-scale virus studies of groundwater systems practical. This procedure was subsequently field tested during a groundwater study in which large-volume samples (exceeding 800 L) were processed through the filters. C1 US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Human Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dahling, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Human Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dahling.dan@epa.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 74 IS 6 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.2175/106143002X140378 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 805TX UT WOS:000220389700009 PM 12540097 ER PT J AU Vidyarthi, AS Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Vidyarthi, AS Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Studies on the production of B-thuringiensis based biopesticides using wastewater sludge as a raw material SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt); biopesticide; entomotoxicity; spores; Choristoneura fumiferana; spruce budworm; inexpensive fermentation medium; wastewater sludge; C : N ratio ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION MEDIA; SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; SPORULATION; GROWTH; STRAINS; MODEL AB Growth and delta-endotoxin yield of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp kurstaki in tryptic soy yeast extract (TSY) medium, soybean meal based commercial medium and wastewater sludge medium were studied. The viable spores (VS) count in sludge medium was comparable to that obtained in laboratory and commercial media. The entomotoxicity of the fermentation liquid (Bt grown sludge) against Choristoneura fumiferana was comparable to the concentrated commercial Bt formulation available in the market (Foray 48B). A higher entomotoxicity was observed in a sludge medium than in the TSY or soybean meal media. The secondary and mixed (mixture of primary and secondary) sludges from various wastewater treatment plants were also evaluated for spore formation and entomotoxicity yield. The VS count was higher in a mixed sludge compared to the secondary sludge at a similar sludge solids concentration. Both VS count and entomotoxicity yield was found to be a function of sludge solids concentration in the medium. The optimum value of solids concentration for Biota production was found to be 25 g 1(-1) (dry weight basis). Beyond this concentration, a drop in VS count and entomotoxicity yield was observed. A low C:N ratio in the secondary sludge and a high C:N ratio in the mixed sludge resulted in a higher entomotoxicity. The optimum value of C:N ratio in combined sludge for Bt production was found to be 7.9-9.9. Relationships between entomotoxicity and maximum specific growth as well as with specific sporulation rate were developed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Forestry Canada, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, 2700 Rue Einstein, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-eau.uquebec.ca NR 29 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4850 EP 4860 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00213-0 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00213-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 632YA UT WOS:000180251400021 PM 12448528 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Selective oxidation of alcohols in gas phase using light-activated titanium dioxide SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE photocatalytic oxidation; immobilized TiO(2); annular reactor; UV light; alcohol oxidation; carbonyl compounds; catalyst deactivation ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; TIO2 CERAMIC MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; AEROBIC OXIDATION; SECONDARY ALCOHOLS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHOTO-OXIDATION; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Selective oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols was studied in a gas-phase photochemical reactor using immobilized TiO(2) catalyst. An annular photoreactor was used at 463 K with an average contact time of 32 s. The system was found to be specifically suited for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds. Benzylic alcohols gave higher conversions, however, with more secondary reaction products. The reaction mechanism for various products formed is explained. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as O(2)/alcohol ratio, water vapor, UV light, and contact time, were studied. The presence of oxygen was found to be critical for the photooxidation. Water vapor in the feed was also found to be helpful in the reaction, although it was not as critical as in hydrocarbon oxidation, where it was necessary for hydroxylating the catalyst surface and sustaining its activity. In alcohol oxidation, surface hydroxylation could be partially provided by the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol itself. Catalyst deactivation was also observed and is attributed to the surface accumulation of reaction products. However, the catalyst regained its original activity after regeneration by calcination in air for 3 h at 723 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS-443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sahle-Demessie.Endalkachew@epa.gov NR 72 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 25 PY 2002 VL 211 IS 2 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1006/jcat.2002.3771 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 607LQ UT WOS:000178793400015 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Buchmann, N Phillips, S Ehleringer, B Evans, RD Lott, M Martinelli, LA Pockman, WT Sandquist, D Sparks, JP Sperry, L Williams, D Ehleringer, JR AF Brooks, JR Buchmann, N Phillips, S Ehleringer, B Evans, RD Lott, M Martinelli, LA Pockman, WT Sandquist, D Sparks, JP Sperry, L Williams, D Ehleringer, JR TI Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C-4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles, and prices SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope ratio; delta C-13; beer; adjuncts; C-4; C-3 ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RATIOS; DISCRIMINATION; DELTA-C-13; VEGETATION; ETHANOL; DIET AB The carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) of 160 beers from around the world ranged from -27.3 to -14.9%., primarily due to variation in the percentage of C-3 or C-4 plant carbon in the final product. Thirty-one percent of beers had a carbon signature of C-3 plants (barley, rice, etc.), whereas the remaining 69% contained some C-3-C-4 mixture (mean of mixtures, 39 +/- 11% C-4 carbon). Use Of C-4 carbon (corn, cane sugar, etc.) was not confined to beers from any particular region (Pacific Rim, Mexico, Brazil, Europe, Canada, and the United States). However, the delta(13)C of European beers indicated Mostly C-3 plant carbon. In contrast, U.S. and Canadian beers contained either only C-3 or C-3-C-4 mixtures; Brazilian, Mexican, and Pacific Rim beers were Mostly C-3-C-4 mixtures. Among different lagers, U.S.-style lagers generally contained more C-4 carbon than did imported pilsners. Among different ales, those brewed by large high-production breweries contained significant proportions Of C-4 carbon, while C-4 carbon was not detected in microbrewery or home-brew ales. Furthermore, inexpensive beers generally contained more C-4 carbon than expensive beers. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Washington Grp Int, Cleveland, OH 44113 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Sci Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Ctr Engn Nucl Agr, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Sci Biol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Bechtel SAIC Co, LLC, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Martinelli, Luiz/F-7870-2011; Williams, David/A-6407-2014; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014 OI Martinelli, Luiz/0000-0002-7103-7551; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260; Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 23 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 22 BP 6413 EP 6418 DI 10.1021/jf020594k PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 605GE UT WOS:000178668600027 PM 12381126 ER PT J AU Pospelova, V Chmura, GL Boothman, WS Latimer, JS AF Pospelova, V Chmura, GL Boothman, WS Latimer, JS TI Dinoflagellate cyst records and human disturbance in two neighboring estuaries, New Bedford Harbor and Apponagansett Bay, Massachusetts (USA) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE buzzards bay; eutrophication; heavy metals; marine pollution; nutrient loading; organic carbon; PCBs; species richness ID INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION; NORWEGIAN FJORD; CHESAPEAKE BAY; YOKOHAMA-PORT; TOKYO-BAY; LAND-USE; INDICATORS; EUTROPHICATION; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES AB The dinoflagellate cyst records in sediments from New Bedford Harbor and Apponagansett Bay demonstrate sensitivity to environmental change caused by human activity in the watersheds over the last 500 years. Changes in the species richness, as well as absolute and relative abundance of dinoflagellate cyst taxa reflect recent periods of development around the estuaries. Cyst taxa sensitive to these changes include Dubridinium spp., Polykrikos schwartzii, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium israelianum and Selenopemphix quanta. The greatest changes in the dinoflagellate cyst record occur during the 20th century, when New Bedford Harbor was exposed to both toxic pollution and heavy nutrient loading from point and non-point sources. Apponagansett Bay was not subject to industrial pollution and nutrient enrichment has been lower (from non-point sources). In Apponagansett Bay there is an increase in the dinoflagellate cyst species richness while species richness first increased, then declined in New Bedford Harbor. During the same period, the total dinoflagellate cyst concentration in New Bedford Harbor fluctuated over a wide range. The decline of species richness and the large fluctuations in the total cyst abundances signal the intensified anthropogenic disturbance in the watershed, notably a high degree of eutrophication and toxic pollution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Pospelova, V (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009 OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X NR 47 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 21 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 102 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00195-X DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00195-X PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635DW UT WOS:000180383700007 PM 12449331 ER PT J AU Waidyanatha, S Troester, MA Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM AF Waidyanatha, S Troester, MA Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM TI Measurement of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone after administration of naphthalene to F344 rats SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin adducts; albumin adducts; naphthalene ID PROTEIN SULFUR NUCLEOPHILES; MURINE CLARA CELLS; BENZENE OXIDE; METABOLITES; BINDING; 1,4-BENZOQUINONE; IDENTIFICATION; CYTOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; NONSMOKERS AB Naphthalene-1.2-oxide (NPO), 1.2-naphthoquinone (1.2-NPQ) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NPQ) are the major metabolites of naphthalene that are thought to be responsible for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of this chemical. We measured cysteinyl adducts of these metabolites in hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) from F344 rats closed with 100 800 mg naphthalene per kg body weight. The method employs cleavage and derivatization of these adducts by trifluoroacetic anhydride and methanesulfonic acid followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative ion chemical ionization mode. Cysteinyl adducts of both proteins with NPO, and 1,2- and 1,4-NPQ (designated NPO-Hb and -Alb, 1.2-NPQ-Hb and -Alb, and 1,4-NPQ-Hb and -Alb, respectively) were produced in a dose-dependent manner. Of the two structural isomers resulting from NPO, levels of NPO1 adducts were greater than those of NPO2 adducts in both Hb and Alb, indicating that aromatic substitution is favored in vivo at positions 1 over 2. Of the quinone adducts, 1.2-NPQ-Hb and -Alb were produced in greater quantities than 1,4-NPQ-Hb and -Alb, indicating either that the formation of 1,2-NPQ from NPO is favored or that more than one pathway leads to the formation of 1,2-NPQ. The shapes of the dose-response curves were generally nonlinear at doses above 200 mg naphthalene per kg body weight. However. the nature of nonlinearity differed, showing evidence of supralinearity for NPO-Hb, NPQ-Hb and NPQ-Alb and of sublinearity for NPO-Alb. Low background levels of 1,2-NPQ-Hb and -Alb and 1.4-NPQ-Hb and -Alb were detected in control animals without known exposure to naphthalene, the corresponding NPO-Hb and -Alb adducts were not detected in control animals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exporsure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rappaport, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES05948, P30ES10126, T32ES07018] NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD OCT 20 PY 2002 VL 141 IS 3 BP 189 EP 210 AR PII S0009-2797(02)00048-0 DI 10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00048-0 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 614VF UT WOS:000179211600001 PM 12385719 ER PT J AU Yang, FM Liu, XB Quinones, M Melby, PC Ghio, A Haile, DJ AF Yang, FM Liu, XB Quinones, M Melby, PC Ghio, A Haile, DJ TI Regulation of reticuloendothelial iron transporter MTP1 (Slc11a3) by inflammation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT HEMOCHROMATOSIS; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6; CANCER-PATIENTS; STORAGE IRON; SERUM IRON; TNF-ALPHA; ANEMIA; MICE; METABOLISM AB Acute and chronic inflammation cause many changes in total body iron metabolism including the sequestration of iron in phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. This change in iron metabolism contributes to the development of the anemia of inflammation. MTP1, the duodenal enterocyte basolateral iron exporter, is also expressed in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and is likely to be involved in iron recycling of these cells. In this study, we use a lipopolysaccharide model of the acute inflammation in the mouse and demonstrate that MTP1 expression in RES cells of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow is down-regulated by inflammation. The down-regulation of splenic expression of MTP1 by inflammation was also observed in a Leishmania donovani model of chronic infection. The response of MTP1 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) requires signaling through the LPS receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In mice lacking TLR4, MTP1 expression is not altered in response to LPS. In addition, mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1a respond appropriately to LPS with down-regulation of MTP1, despite hyporesponsiveness to tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling, suggesting that this cytokine may not be required for the LPS effect. We hypothesize that the iron sequestration in the RES system that accompanies inflammation is because of down-regulation of MTP1. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Syst, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Haile, DJ (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Syst, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK53079] NR 45 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 42 BP 39786 EP 39791 DI 10.1074/jbc.M201485200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 605EA UT WOS:000178662500093 PM 12161425 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Kelty, KC Kelty, CA AF Magnuson, ML Kelty, KC Kelty, CA TI Trace metal leaching behavior studied through the use of parametric modeling of water borne soil particles fractionated with a split-flow thin cell SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SEPARATION; TEXTURE; RAIN AB Leaching of particle-bound metals affects the ability of settling ponds and other engineered structures to remove metallic pollutants, and leaching behavior is related to particle size. In this investigation, water borne soil particles were leached and fractionated with a split-flow thin cell, and the metal loadings were quantified as a function of particle size. For comparison of the metal-loading curves, different empirical modeling procedures were investigated to convert the data to a precise functional form suitable for quantitative comparison of changes in differential loading as a function of particle size. Results of this investigation are presented for a soil sample before and after leaching caused by simulated acid rain conditions. Following simulated acid rain leaching, the shape of the differential distribution curves change, and these changes reflect the particle size mediated leaching behavior. For the soil used in this demonstration, simulated acid rain leaching shifted the differential loading toward larger particle sizes, and the magnitude of the shift varied significantly among the metals. Because settling rate decreases as the square of particle size, this could potentially affect management decisions for settling ponds receiving these particles. The high precision afforded by the analysis allows the development of insight into the leaching mechanisms through comparing "partial" acid rain leaching with "total recoverable" leaching by EPA Method 3050. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4288 EP 4294 DI 10.1021/es0114815 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VK UT WOS:000178581300012 PM 12387400 ER PT J AU Bolger, PT Szlag, DC AF Bolger, PT Szlag, DC TI An electrochemical system for removing and recovering elemental mercury from a gas stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; FLUE-GAS; PHASE MERCURY; ADSORPTION; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; VAPOR AB The impending EPA regulations on the control of mercury emissions from the flue stacks of coal-burning electric utilities has resulted in the development of numerous advanced mercury control technologies such as sorbent injection and in-situ mercury oxidation. Although these technologies can effectively remove mercury from a flue stack they share, along with many other technologies, the common shortcoming of intermedia pollution transfer i.e. the traffic of mercury from the air phase to the solid phase and the subsequent generation of residue for landfill. This work addresses the need for an integrated system of mercury removal and recovery from flue stack gases and from the environment. The research explored the capture of elemental mercury from the gas phase at ambient temperature on an electrically conductive porous sorbent. The mercury loaded sorbent was regenerated at the anode in an electrochemical cell and the oxidized mercury recovered at the cathode as solid elemental mercury. Activated carbon cloth was selected as the most suitable sorbent as it had the highest mercury adsorption capacity of the sorbents tested and was electrically conductive. Direct and indirect electro-oxidation were shown to remove 95% and 100%, respectively, of the elemental mercury from the carbon cloth. After regeneration the carbon cloth was reused without any loss in mercury adsorption capacity. More than 99% of the mercury stripped from the cloth during regeneration was recovered at the cathode. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bolger, PT (reprint author), Bord na Mona Environm Ltd, Main St, Newbridge, Kildare, Ireland. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4430 EP 4435 DI 10.1021/es015838g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VK UT WOS:000178581300031 PM 12387419 ER PT J AU Lien, HSL Wilkin, R AF Lien, HSL Wilkin, R TI Reductive activation of Dioxygen for degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by bifunctional aluminum SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; OXYGEN; MTBE; AROMATICS; COMPLEX; WATER; CELL AB Bifunctional aluminum is prepared by sulfating aluminum metal with sulfuric acid. The use of bifunctional aluminum to degrade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in the presence of dioxygen has been examined using batch systems. Primary degradation products were tert-butyl alcohol, tertbutyl formate, acetone, and methyl acetate. The initial rate of MTBE degradation exhibited pseudo-first-order behavior, and the half-life of reaction was less than 6 h. XPS analysis indicates the formation of sulfate at the surface of bifunctional aluminum. The concentration of surface sulfate varies linearly with increasing strength of the sulfuric acid used during bifunctional aluminum preparation. The rate of MTBE degradation is a function of the concentration of the surface sulfate. MTBE degradation rates increased by a factor of 2 as surface sulfate concentrations increased from 233 to 641,mumol/m(2). This relationship implies that sulfate at the surface of bifunctional aluminum acts as a reactive site. C1 CNR, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lien, HSL (reprint author), Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4436 EP 4440 DI 10.1021/es011449a PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VK UT WOS:000178581300032 PM 12387420 ER PT J AU Ghorishi, SB Keeney, RM Serre, SD Gullett, BK Jozewicz, WS AF Ghorishi, SB Keeney, RM Serre, SD Gullett, BK Jozewicz, WS TI Development of a Cl-impregnated activated carbon for entrained-flow capture of elemental mercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GAS; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; SORBENTS; VAPORS AB Efforts to discern the role of an activated carbon's surface functional groups on the adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg-0) and mercuric chloride demonstrated that chlorine (Cl) impregnation of a virgin activated carbon using dilute solutions of hydrogen chloride leads to increases (by a factor of 2-3) in fixed-bed capture of these mercury species. A commercially available activated carbon (DARCO FGD, NORIT Americas Inc. [FGD])was Cl-impregnated (Cl-FGD) [5 Ib (2.3 kg) per batch] and tested for entrained flow, short-time-scale capture of Hg-0. In an entrained flow reactor, the Cl-FGD was introduced in Hg-0-laden flue gases (86 ppb of Hg-0) of varied compositions with gas/solid contact times of about 3-4 s, resulting in significant Hg-0 removal (80-90%), compared to virgin FGD (10-15%). These levels of Hg-0 removal were observed across a wide range of very low carbon-to-mercury weight ratios (10005000). Variation of the natural gas combustion flue gas composition, by doping with nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, and the flow reactor temperature (100-200 degreesC) had minimal effects on Hg-0 removal by the Cl-FGD in these carbon-to-mercury weight ratios. These results demonstrate significant enhancement of activated carbon reactivity with minimal treatment and are applicable to combustion facilities equipped with downstream particulate matter removal such as an electrostatic precipitator. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, MD-65, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 26 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4454 EP 4459 DI 10.1021/es0255608 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VK UT WOS:000178581300035 PM 12387423 ER PT J AU Smith, KR Uyeminami, DL Kodavanti, UP Crapo, JD Chang, LY Pinkerton, KE AF Smith, KR Uyeminami, DL Kodavanti, UP Crapo, JD Chang, LY Pinkerton, KE TI Inhibition of tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation by a catalytic antioxidant SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco smoke; inflammation; squamous cell metaplasia; catalytic antioxidant; Metalloporphyrins; AEOL 10150; free radicals ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; DISMUTASE MIMETIC PROTECTS; SIDESTREAM CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICALS; NITRIC-OXIDE; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; TNF-ALPHA AB Cigarette smokers experience airway inflammation and epithelial damage, the mechanisms of which are unknown. One potential cause may be free radicals either in tobacco smoke or produced during persistent inflammation. Inflammation may also be a driving force to cause airway epithelium to undergo changes leading to squamous cell metaplasia. To test whether tobacco smoke-induced inflammation could be reduced by a catalytic antioxidant, manganese(III)meso-tetrakis(N,N'-diethyl-1,3-imidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (AEOL 10150) was given by intratracheal instillation to rats exposed to filtered air or tobacco smoke. Exposure to tobacco smoke for 2 d or 8 weeks (6 h/d, 3 d/week) significantly increased the number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). AEOL 10150 significantly decreased BAL cell number in tobacco smoke-treated rats. Significant reductions in neutrophils were noted at 2 d and macrophages at 8 weeks. Lymphocytes were significantly reduced by AEOL 10150 at both time points. Squamous cell metaplasia following 8 weeks of tobacco smoke exposure was 12% of the total airway epithelial area in animals exposed to tobacco smoke without AEOL 10150, compared with 2% in animals exposed to tobacco smoke, but treated with AEOL 10150 (p < .05). We conclude that a synthetic catalytic antioxidant decreased the adverse effects of exposure to tobacco smoke. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Smith, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL31992]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05707] NR 51 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1106 EP 1114 AR PII S0891-5849(02)01003-1 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01003-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 603NM UT WOS:000178566000010 PM 12374622 ER PT J AU Stanescu, MA Varma, RS AF Stanescu, MA Varma, RS TI Nafion-catalyzed preparation of benzhydryl ethers SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alcohols; diphenylmethyl ethers; Nafion-H ID DIPHENYLMETHYL ETHERS; ORGANIC SYNTHESES; ISOMERIZATION; CONVERSION; ALCOHOLS AB Nafion-H is found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the preparation of diphenylmethyl ethers of alcohols. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 41 BP 7307 EP 7309 AR PII S0040-4039(02)01755-0 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01755-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 599FB UT WOS:000178322500005 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, CG TI Environmental stewardship and drugs as pollutants SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, ORD, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 10 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 24 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9339 BP 1035 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11176-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BN UT WOS:000178485200005 PM 12383980 ER PT J AU Richburg, JH Johnson, KJ Schoenfeld, HA Meistrich, ML Dix, DJ AF Richburg, JH Johnson, KJ Schoenfeld, HA Meistrich, ML Dix, DJ TI Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicant action in the testis SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; Fas; TNF-R1; DR4; DR5; DR6; mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); flamingo; bromochloroacetic; cDNA array; testicular atrophy; testosterone; GnRH ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; RAT TESTIS; GERM-CELLS; TESTICULAR ATROPHY; SERTOLI-CELL; 2,5-HEXANEDIONE INTOXICATION; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; IRRADIATED RATS; DEATH DOMAIN AB A symposium was held at the 41st annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology with presentations that emphasized novel molecular and cellular pathways that modulate the response to testicular toxicants. The first two presentations described cellular alterations after exposure to the Sertoli cell toxicant, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). The expression of flamingol, a G protei coupled receptor family member that may, couple cell-cell adhesion to G protein-dependent signaling in Sertoli cells, was rapidly altered after MEHP exposure. Sertoli cell associated flamingol immunostaining was redistributed early (within 2 h) after MEHP exposure and disappeared by 12 h, suggesting that flamingol is a proximal plithalate target. MEHP was also described to alter the expression and activity of the newly identified death receptors DR4, 5 and 6 in the testis. The differential cellular changes in the levels of DR4, 5 and 6 after plithalate exposure suggested that they may act as surrogates or in concert with the widely described Fas-signaling pathway in the initiation of germ cell apoptosis after MEHP exposure. The next two presentations focused on revealing mechanisms that may explain the persistent post-exposure testicular atrophy that is observed in rodents after a variety of chemical or physical insults (radiation, chemotherapeutics, toxicants) and possible strategies to re-initiate spermatogenesis in the atrophic testis. Hormonal manipulations that lower testosterone and serum FSH levels allow for re-initiation of spermatogonial development. Recent investigation of additional models of persistent atrophy such as mutant mice, the aged Brown Norway rat, EDS-induced Leydig cell deficient rat, and primates, have broadened insight into the mechanisms responsible for persistent atrophy. The last presentation described the use of cDNA arrays in the investigation of cellular elements and mechanisms responsible for disruption of spermatogenesis by the drinking water disinfectant bromochloroacetic acid (BCA). A custom mouse testis cDNA array interrogating 950 genes was used for analysis of testis mRNA. BCA altered the expression of 53 of the 950 genes, including two encoding sperm proteins known to be significant for male fertility, and other genes involved in spermatogenesis, stress response, and cell communication/adhesion. These observations strengthen the hypothesis that BCA disrupts spermatogenesis by altering the process of spermiogenesis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richburg, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Richburg, John/P-4369-2014 OI Richburg, John/0000-0001-6334-9777 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09145, ES05033, ES08075, ES11632] NR 81 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 135 IS 3 BP 167 EP 183 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00254-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00254-0 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 608RE UT WOS:000178859800001 PM 12270675 ER PT J AU Ford, SE Chintala, MM Bushek, D AF Ford, SE Chintala, MM Bushek, D TI Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. I. Pathogen virulence SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE disease; parasite; oyster; Crassostrea virginica; loss of virulence; culture phase ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTER; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; THEILERIA-ANNULATA; PARASITE; APICOMPLEXA; ATTENUATION; INFECTIONS; SELECTION; INVITRO AB Perkinsus marinus is a highly contagious pathogen of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Until recently, transmission studies have employed wild-type parasites isolated directly from infected oysters. Newly developed methods to propagate P. marinus in vitro have led to using cultured parasites for infection studies, but results suggest that cultured parasites are less virulent than wild-type parasites In this paper, we report results of experiments designed to quantify differences between wild-type and cultured P. marinus virulence and to test the following hypotheses: (1) in vitro-cultured parasites are less virulent than wild-type parasites; (2) virulence decreases gradually during in vitro culture; (3) virulence of in vitro cultures can be restored by in vivo passage; (4) virulence changes with culture phase. Our results demonstrate that parasites freshly isolated from infected hosts are much more virulent than those propagated in culture, indicating a potential deficiency in the culture medium used. Virulence was lost immediately in culture and, for that reason, the practice of repassing cultured cells through the host to restore virulence does not work for P. marinus. Virulence was also associated with culture phase: log-phase parasites were significantly more virulent than those obtained from lag- or stationary-phase cultures. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Ford, SE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. NR 57 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.3354/dao051187 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 619AY UT WOS:000179452100004 PM 12465877 ER PT J AU Chintala, MM Bushek, D Ford, SE AF Chintala, MM Bushek, D Ford, SE TI Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. II. Dosing methods and host response SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE disease; parasite; oyster; Crassostrea virginica; portal of entry; metabolic condition ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTER; APALACHICOLA BAY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PATHOGEN; FLORIDA; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIABILITY; PROPAGATION AB Endoparasites must breach host barriers to establish infection and then must survive host internal defenses to cause disease. Such barriers may frustrate attempts to experimentally transmit parasites by 'natural' methods. In addition, the host's condition may affect a study's outcome. The experiments reported here examined the effect of dosing method and host metabolic condition on measures of virulence for the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus. Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were challenged with wild-type and cultured forms of P. marinus via feeding, shell-cavity injection, gut intubation and adductor-muscle injection. For both parasite types, adductor-muscle injections produced the heaviest infections followed by shell-cavity injection, gut intubation, and feeding. There was no difference in parasite burdens between oysters fed cultured cells by acute vs chronic dosing, and parasite loads stabilized over time, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium between invasion and elimination. P. marinus distribution among tissues of challenged oysters indicated that parasites invaded the mantle and gill, as well as the gut, which has been considered the primary portal of entry. Frequency distributions of P. marinus in oysters challenged with 3 different culture phases indicated an aggregated distribution among hosts and suggested that stationary-phase parasites were easiest for the oyster to control or eliminate and log-phase parasites were the most difficult. Host metabolic condition also affected experimental outcomes, as indicated by increased infection levels in oysters undergoing spawning and/or exposed to low oxygen stress. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. RP Chintala, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM chintala.marty@epamail.epa.gov NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.3354/dao051203 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 619AY UT WOS:000179452100005 PM 12465878 ER PT J AU Bushek, D Ford, SE Chintala, MM AF Bushek, D Ford, SE Chintala, MM TI Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. III. Fecal elimination and its role in transmission SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE disease; parasite; oyster; Crassostrea virginica; infection; modes of transmission ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PARASITE; POPULATIONS; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN; DISEASE; HOST AB Perkinsus marinus, a pathogen of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, is transmitted directly among oysters. Previous studies found viable R marinus parasites in the feces and pseudofeces of oysters within hours of injection with parasites, suggesting that the parasite may be voided from live oysters and subsequently dispersed in the water column. The experiments described here were designed to quantify P. marinus shed in the feces and pseudofeces of experimentally infected oysters. The results indicated that parasites were shed in 2 phases. A 'decreasing' phase occurred within 2 wk of challenge and before net parasite proliferation began in the host. An 'increasing' phase occurred after R marinus had begun replicating. The quantity of R marinus recovered in the feces and pseudofeces of exposed oysters was only about 5% of the dose administered. In vitro-cultured R marinus were eliminated at a greater rate than wild-type R marinus and the fraction discharged was not associated with culture phase. Oysters that were continuously dosed with R marinus in their food gradually lost the ability to discard the parasite in pseudofeces. The quantity of R marinus shed in feces of infected oysters was correlated with both the P. marinus body burden and subsequent survival time, suggesting that noninvasive fecal counts could predict infection intensity and survival. The results indicate that in an epizootic, shedding of R marinus via feces is relatively small compared to the potential number released by cadavers of heavily infected oysters, but that fecal discharge may be important in transmission before infections become lethal. C1 Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bushek, D (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Field Lab, POB 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. EM dbushek@belle.baruch.sc.edu NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.3354/dao051217 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 619AY UT WOS:000179452100006 PM 12465879 ER PT J AU Alphey, L Beard, CB Billingsley, P Coetzee, M Crisanti, A Curtis, C Eggleston, P Godfray, C Hemingway, J Jacobs-Lorena, M James, AA Kafatos, FC Mukwaya, LG Paton, M Powell, JR Schneider, W Scott, TW Sina, B Sinden, R Sinkins, S Spielman, A Toure, Y Collins, FH AF Alphey, L Beard, CB Billingsley, P Coetzee, M Crisanti, A Curtis, C Eggleston, P Godfray, C Hemingway, J Jacobs-Lorena, M James, AA Kafatos, FC Mukwaya, LG Paton, M Powell, JR Schneider, W Scott, TW Sina, B Sinden, R Sinkins, S Spielman, A Toure, Y Collins, FH TI Malaria control with genetically manipulated insect vectors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSFORMATION C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. S African Inst Med Res, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. European Mol Biol Lab, Heidelberg, Germany. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Hlth & Safety Execut, HSC, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Alphey, L (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 15 TC 161 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 5591 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1126/science.1078278 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 600BJ UT WOS:000178370500043 PM 12364786 ER PT J AU Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Denslow, ND Kroll, K Chen, J Cheek, A Richman, H Meredith, H Grau, EG AF Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Denslow, ND Kroll, K Chen, J Cheek, A Richman, H Meredith, H Grau, EG TI A comparison of the estrogenic potencies of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, nonylphenol and methoxychlor in vivo and in vitro SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical chemicals; xenobiotic chemicals; sheepshead minnow; estrogens ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZONA-RADIATA-PROTEINS; MINNOW CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; VITELLINE ENVELOPE PROTEINS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; IN-VITRO; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; DRINKING-WATER AB Five natural, pharmaceutical, or xenobiotic chemicals [17beta-estradiol (E2), ethynylestradiol (EE2), diethystilbestrol (DES), methoxychlor (MXC), nonylphenol (NP)] were tested in two in vitro assays [yeast estrogen screen (YES), MCF-7 breast tumor cell proliferation (E-Screen)], and compared with previously reported results from two in vivo male sheepshead minnow vitellogenin (VTG) production studies The purpose of this investigation was to determine how accurately the two in vitro assays predicted responses observed in live animals. EC50 values for all five chemicals were approximately one order of magnitude less sensitive in the YES assay than ill the MCF-7 assay. Based on the EC50 values, DES was 1.1 (YES) to 2.5 (MCF-7) times more potent in these receptor binding assays than was E2, while EE2 was slightly less potent than E2 in the YES assay (0.7) and nearly twice as potent (1.9) as E2 in the MCF-7 assay. EE2 and DES were of approximately equal potency in the 13-day sheepshead minnow VTG production bioassay. Both MXC and NP were 107 times less potent than E2 in the YES assay, MXC was 10(5) times less estrogenic than E2 in the MCF-7 assay, while both were approximately 100 times less potent than E2 in the live animal bioassay. The in vitro tests were substantially less sensitive (at least 1000 times) than the sheepshead minnow VTG assay for estimating estrogenic potency of the two xenobiotic chemicals, which suggests that in vitro-based, large-scale screening programs could potentially result in many false negative evaluations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. Hawaii Inst Marine Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96774 USA. RP Folmar, LC (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 59 TC 123 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 2 PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 110 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00276-4 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00276-4 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 594TG UT WOS:000178066600008 PM 12204590 ER PT J AU Turi, JL Jaspers, I Dailey, LA Madden, MC Brighton, LE Carter, JD Nozik-Grayck, E Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Turi, JL Jaspers, I Dailey, LA Madden, MC Brighton, LE Carter, JD Nozik-Grayck, E Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ TI Oxidative stress activates anion exchange protein 2 and AP-1 in airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superoxide; ion transport; gene regulation; activator protein-1 ID NF-KAPPA-B; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; AE2; GENE; HYPOXIA; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION AB Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane-bound protein that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange. In addition to regulating intracellular pH and cell volume, AE2 exports superoxide (O(2)(-).) to the extracellular matrix in an HCO(3)(-) dependent process. Given this ability to export O(2)(-)., we hypothesized that expression of AE2 in the lung is regulated by oxidative stress. AE2 mRNA and protein expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to H(2)O(2) (100 muM). Alterations in in vivo AE2 protein expression were evaluated in lung tissue of rats exposed to 70% O(2). The role of transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 in oxidant regulation of AE2 was evaluated by EMSA and by immunoblotting of nuclear phospho-c-jun. Results show increased AE2 mRNA and protein expression after oxidant exposure. This was preceded by transient increases in DNA binding of AE2-specific AP-1 and phosphorylation of c-jun. This study demonstrates that AE2 expression is regulated by oxidative stress in airway epithelial cells and that this regulation correlates with activation of AP-1. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Turi, JL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Box 3046, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM turi0002@mc.duke.edu NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 283 IS 4 BP L791 EP L798 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00398.2001 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 592UD UT WOS:000177954500017 PM 12225956 ER PT J AU Parker, K AF Parker, K TI Test methods for RCRA hazardous waste characteristics: Part 1 SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB This article describes a project requested by the U.S. EPA for the development of a series of tests on hazardous wastes including floor sweepings and borings containing zirconium, titanium, hafnium, and vanadium. Zirconium, a frequent component of fireworks, as well as titanium are known to be ignitable and even explosive in the form of dust or borings. C1 US EPA, Reg 10 Lab, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Parker, K (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10 Lab, 7411 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 34 IS 20 BP 20 EP + PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 610ZG UT WOS:000178991500003 ER PT J AU Langholz, B Ebi, KL Thomas, DC Peters, JM London, SJ AF Langholz, B Ebi, KL Thomas, DC Peters, JM London, SJ TI Traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia in a Los Angeles case-control study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traffic density; case-control studies; childhood leukemia; electromagnetic fields; epidemiology ID RESIDENTIAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MOTOR-VEHICLE EXHAUST; WIRING CONFIGURATIONS; CANCER; EXPOSURE; CALIFORNIA; MODEL AB PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia. METHODS: The study group consisted of 212 cases and 202 controls from the London et al. (1991) study of childhood leukemia conducted in the Los Angeles area during 1978 to 1984. Using GIS methods, traffic counts on all streets within 1500 feet of each subject's residence of longest duration were determined. From these counts, an integrated distance-weighted traffic density measure was calculated for each subject for use as the analytic variable. Additional information, including magnetic fields and wire-code, was obtained from the original case-control study. Association between traffic density and leukemia, and confounding and effect modification by other variables, were assessed using standard matched case-control analyses. RESULTS: Although the unadjusted traffic density-childhood leukemia rate ratios were slightly elevated, this weak association was explained by confounding by wire code. Wire code remained associated with leukemia after controlling for traffic density. There was little evidence of effect modification between traffic density and magnetic fields, wire code or other variables. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of an association of traffic density with childhood leukemia in the Los Angeles case-control study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Langholz, B (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, 1540 Alcazar St,Chp 220, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES07048-05] NR 21 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 7 BP 482 EP 487 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00317-9 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00317-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 594GN UT WOS:000178041400007 PM 12377426 ER PT J AU Gerba, CP Gramos, DM Nwachuku, N AF Gerba, CP Gramos, DM Nwachuku, N TI Comparative inactivation of enteroviruses and adenovirus 2 by UV light SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPAIR AB The doses of UV irradiation necessary to inactivate selected enteric viruses on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contaminant Candidate List were determined. Three-log reductions of echovirus 1, echovirus 11, coxsackievirus B3, coxsackievirus B5, poliovirus 1, and human adenovirus type 2 were effected by doses of 25, 20.5, 24.5, 27, 23, and 119 mW/cm(2), respectively. Human adenovirus type 2 is the most UV light-resistant enteric virus reported to date. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 16 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5167 EP 5169 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.10.5167-5169.2002 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 600FX UT WOS:000178380900061 PM 12324370 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Bigham, JM Cravotta, CA Traina, SJ Anderson, JE Lyon, JG AF Williams, DJ Bigham, JM Cravotta, CA Traina, SJ Anderson, JE Lyon, JG TI Assessing mine drainage pH from the color and spectral reflectance of chemical precipitates SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; IRON; SCHWERTMANNITE; SULFATE; WATERS AB The pH of mine impacted waters was estimated from the spectral reflectance of resident sediments composed mostly of chemical precipitates. Mine drainage sediments were collected from sites in the Anthracite Region of eastern Pennsylvania, representing acid to near neutral pH. Sediments occurring in acidic waters contained primarily schwertmannite and goethite while near neutral waters produced ferrihydrite. The minerals comprising the sediments occurring at each pH mode were spectrally separable. Spectral angle difference mapping was used to correlate sediment color with stream water pH (r(2)=0.76). Band-center and band-depth analysis of spectral absorption features were also used to discriminate ferrihydrite and goethite and/or schwertmannite by analyzing the T-4(1)<--(6)A(1) crystal field transition (9001000 nm). The presence of these minerals accurately predicted stream water pH (r(2)=0.87) and provided a qualitative estimate of dissolved SO4 concentrations. Spectral analysis results were used to analyze airborne digital multispectral video (DMSV) imagery for several sites in the region. The high spatial resolution of the DMSV sensor allowed for precise mapping of the mine drainage sediments. The results from this study indicate that airborne and space-borne imaging spectrometers may be used to accurately classify streams impacted by acid vs. neutral-to-alkaline mine drainage after appropriate spectral libraries are developed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1273 EP 1286 AR PII S0883-2927(02)00019-7 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00019-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 585UP UT WOS:000177543200001 ER PT J AU Cash, GG AF Cash, GG TI Relationship between the Hosoya polynomial and the hyper-Wiener index SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hyper-Wiener index; Hosoya polynomial; chemical graph theory ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY; DISTANCE MATRIX; ALGORITHM; NUMBERS AB The Hosoya polynomial of a graph, H(G, x), has the property that its first derivative, evaluated at x = 1, equals the Wiener index, i.e., W(G) = H'(G, 1). In this paper, an equation is presented that gives the hyper-Wiener index, WW(G), in terms of the first and second derivatives of H(G, x). Also defined here is a hyper-Hosoya polynomial, HH(G, x), which has the property WW(G) = HH'(G, 1), analogous to W(G) = H'(G, 1). Uses of higher derivatives of HH(G, x) are proposed, analogous to published uses of higher derivatives of H(G, x). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 7 BP 893 EP 895 AR PII S0893-9659(02)00059-9 DI 10.1016/S0893-9659(02)00059-9 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 588CG UT WOS:000177682700017 ER PT J AU Cizdziel, JV Hinners, TA Pollard, JE Heithmar, EM Cross, CL AF Cizdziel, JV Hinners, TA Pollard, JE Heithmar, EM Cross, CL TI Mercury concentrations in fish from Lake Mead, USA, related to fish size, condition, trophic level, location, and consumption risk SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Total mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined in the skeletal muscle of 339 fish collected during the fall of 1998 and spring of 1999 from Lake Mead, USA, the nation's largest human-made reservoir. Five species of fish representing a range of trophic levels and the lake's principal game fishes were studied. Hg generally increased with trophic level and fish size. Median Hg concentrations (ng/g wet mass) were 277 in striped bass, 168 in channel catfish, 160 in largemouth bass, 75 in bluegill, and 8 in blue tilapia. Overall, fish from Las Vegas Bay and Boulder Basin had the lowest Hg concentrations, possibly a result of biodilution in this biologically productive area. In general, fish-mercury, about consuming fillet advisories might include a warning from emaciated fish, based on the finding that Hg concentrations in 59 striped bass (captured during a scarce-food season) correlated inversely (r = -0.89, p < 0.001) with a fish nutritional-status factor. This is consistent with starvation-concentration, whereby Hg in fish muscle is lost at a slower rate than the muscle mass. The median concentration found for 139 striped bass corresponds to a recommended risk-based consumption limit of three 8-oz. (227-g) meals per month for a 70-kg adult. Finally, this paper serves as a useful archive for future research and long-term studies of Hg in Lake Mead fish. C1 Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Cizdziel, JV (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1191-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 591GR UT WOS:000177871800009 PM 12202927 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS TI Biases in Clean Air Status and Trends Network filter pack results associated with sampling protocol SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE filter pack; sulfur dioxides; sulfate; nitric acids; nitrate; ammonium; sampling artifacts; comparison; measurement bias; CASTNet ID DRY DEPOSITION; NYLON FILTERS; NITROUS-ACID; AEROSOLS; NITRATE AB Network filter pack sampling protocol changed in 1989 from requiring a week-long daytime sample and a week-long nighttime sample to requiring a single week-long sample per week at each monitoring site. In the current study, single-filter pack weekly results are compared with weekly results aggregated from separate daytime and nighttime weekly filter pack samples collected at the monitoring site located at Egbert, Ontario, Canada. Comparisons of the concentrations resulting from the two sampling protocols for all major chemical species (SO42-, NO3-, NH4-, HNO3, and SO2) show median biases of < 5 nmol m(-3) (0.1 ppb) and median relative biases of < 10%. Median relative biases have the same sign for each species, suggesting biases in the same direction. Based on median differences, composite day-night weekly sampler results generally exceed the single-sampler weekly results (in all cases except for the summer nylon filter HNO3) and the magnitude depends on the constituent and on the season. Examination of seasonal results reveals large discrepancies in some cases, especially during summer. To use Clean Air Status and Trends Network results for trends analyses over time periods encompassing the 1989 protocol change, it may be useful to put all of the data on the same basis of sampler protocol. Algorithms derived from linear regression analyses using paired bootstrap sampling are offered to convert the recent results to the pre-1989 basis, however, they may only be appropriate for sites in the eastern US. Chemical and statistical reasoning suggests that the results of day-night weekly sampling are usually consistent with higher accuracy than single-sampler weekly results. Adjustments are indicated for summer Teflon NO3 and nylon HNO3, for summer and fall Teflon NH4, and for Total SO2 in each season. Nylon filters are also shown to have variable collection characteristics for SO2 that are consistent with a humidity effect. A network-wide change in the SO2 collection and/or retention characteristics of the nylon filters is found in April 1997. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, NERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 29 BP 4687 EP 4698 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00405-3 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00405-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602AA UT WOS:000178481000011 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML Warren, GJ Rockwell, DC AF Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML Warren, GJ Rockwell, DC TI Evidence of recovery from phosphorus enrichment in Lake Michigan SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; SILICA DEPLETION; EUTROPHICATION; DIATOMS; QUALITY; TRENDS; ALGAE AB During the last century, diatom production responses to increased phosphorus loading in Lake Michigan resulted in increased silica sedimentation losses and a consequent decline in the silica content of the lake. In light of recent reductions in phosphorus loading to the lake, we examined long-term monitoring data to determine if this trend might be reversing. Spring total phosphorus concentrations, although highly variable, declined approximately 1 mug.L-1 throughout the lake between 1983 and 2000. Spring soluble silica concentrations, an indicator of total in-lake reserves, increased from 1.1 to 1.6 mg.L-1 during this period. Summer epilimnetic silica concentrations in the southern basin were at apparently limiting levels of approximately 0.15 mg.L-1 until 1991 and then increased sharply. A similar trend was seen in the northern basin. Summer diatom populations increased in both basins after 1991, and ordination analyses suggest that the species composition of both spring and summer communities has responded to these silica increases. These results document for the first time a reversal of the silica depletion sequence and provide the most compelling evidence to date that phosphorus load reductions are having an impact on the Lake Michigan ecosystem. C1 DynCorp Environm, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), DynCorp Environm, 1359 W Elmdale Ave Suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1139/F02-132 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 617ZZ UT WOS:000179393400007 ER PT J AU Lien, HL Zhang, WX AF Lien, HL Zhang, WX TI Enhanced dehalogenation of halogenated methanes by bimetallic Cu/Al SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bimetals; aluminum; zero-valent metals; dichloromethane; groundwater remediation ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; RAPID DECHLORINATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ZEROVALENT IRON; DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; WATER; REDUCTION; METAL AB A low-cost and high effective copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) bimetal has been developed for treatments of halogenated methanes, including dichloromethane, in near neutral and high pH aqueous systems. Bimetallic Cu/Al was prepared by a simple two-step synthetic method where Cu was deposited onto the Al surface. The presence of Cu on Al significantly enhanced rates of degradation of halogenated methanes and reduced toxic halogenated intermediates. The stability of Cu/Al was preliminarily studied by a multi-spiking batch experiment where complete degradation of carbon tetrachloride was achieved for seven times although the Cu/Al aging was found. Roles of Cu may involve protecting Al against an undesirable oxidation with water, enhancing reaction rates through the galvanic corrosion, and increasing the selectivity to a benign compound (i.e., methane). Kinetic analyses indicated that the activity of bimetallic Cu/Al was comparable to that of iron-based bimetals (e.g., palladized iron) and zero-valent metals. Bimetallic Cu/Al could be a promising reactive reagent for remediation of halogenated solvents-contaminated groundwater associated with high pH problems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RP Lien, HL (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 371 EP 378 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00248-5 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00248-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 595QH UT WOS:000178119900002 PM 12365834 ER PT J AU Garrison, AW AF Garrison, AW TI Issues on the enantio selectivity of chiral agrochemicals SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ATROPISOMERS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DETERMINATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION; BIOTA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 0392-839X J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD OCT PY 2002 VL 20 IS 10 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 626AQ UT WOS:000179848600004 ER PT J AU Richards, WH Wallin, DO Schumaker, NH AF Richards, WH Wallin, DO Schumaker, NH TI An analysis of late-seral forest connectivity in western Oregon, USA SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-POPULATION SIZE; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; COAST RANGE; PATCH SIZE; MODELS; EXTINCTION; THRESHOLDS AB Habitat loss and fragmentation due to timber harvest in western Oregon has put wildlife species reliant on late-seral forest under demographic pressure as available habitat shrinks and local populations become isolated. Few studies have examined the effects of habitat removal and fragmentation on the ability of wildlife to disperse over large areas. We used a spatially explicit population model to examine the effects of landscape patterns on the dispersal success of territorial wildlife species with different dispersal capabilities and home-range sizes. Simulations of dispersal were conducted on 8.3 million ha of forested landscape in western Oregon, based on forest conditions derived from satellite imagery. We compared dispersal success for baseline conditions of land cover with two alternative landscape patterns: late-seral forest habitat systematically converted to a younger forest class based on (1) public ownership and (2) the Northwest Forest Plan reserve system. Dispersal success increased with larger dispersal distances and with smaller home ranges (p<0.01). Results indicate that the reserve system will not maintain habitat connectivity throughout the landscape for species with relatively short dispersal distances. Patches showing the greatest decrease in dispersal activity following the systematic removal of late-seral forest habitat were identified as important areas of connectivity. C1 Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Richards, WH (reprint author), Seattle Publ Util, Cedar River Watershed, 19901 Cedar Falls Rd SE, N Bend, WA 98045 USA. EM bill.richards@ci.seattle.wa.us NR 71 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1421 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01433.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 596UC UT WOS:000178183600027 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN AF Carleton, JN TI Damkohler number distributions and constituent removal in treatment wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dispersion; plug-flow; residence time distribution; stochastic-convective; Laplace transform ID STOCHASTIC-CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; NONLINEAR REACTION; TIME; DISPERSION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Using hypothetical wetland simulations and data from the literature, Kadlec [Eco. Eng. 15 (2000) 105] recently demonstrated that plug-flow models commonly used to quantify treatment wetland performance fail to describe conditions other than those under which calibration data are collected. Parameters of these models (removal rate constants (k) and background concentrations (C*)) demonstrate apparent dependence on inlet concentration and hydraulic loading rate which is not alleviated by including dispersion to address non-ideal flow. The phenomenon can be understood as resulting from an interdependence between k. and local flow velocity, due to the functional dependence of each on drag-inducing surfaces (and attached biofilms) associated with submerged vegetation and litter. This paper presents a simple method, based on theoretical considerations, for determining C* using inlet-outlet data, independent of the degree of mixing or the nature of the removal processes. This paper also expands upon the hypothetical multi-channel example to suggest a modeling approach in which a wetland is treated conceptually as an ensemble of parallel, non-interacting stream tubes in plug-flow, characterized by a continuous distribution of Damkohler numbers. The Damkohler number distribution (DND) can be estimated from the residence time distribution (RTD) under the assumption of uniform flow path length. For such a wetland, under steady state conditions and with constant inlet concentration, the fraction of a removable pollutant remaining as a function of normalized distance from inlet to outlet is given by the Laplace transform of the DND. Similarly, the DND can be derived from the inverse Laplace transform of the normalized concentration versus normalized distance curve. Given both an RTD and a DND, it is possible to investigate the relationship between k and residence time, and the mechanistic nature of the removal process. Employing these concepts makes it possible to generate an expression for normalized concentration as a function of fractional distance that is unaffected by changes in inlet concentration, and inherently takes into account changes in hydraulic loading rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code 7507C,Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 233 EP 248 AR PII S0925-8574(02)00094-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00094-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 598MY UT WOS:000178281100001 ER PT J AU Zaroogian, G Norwood, C AF Zaroogian, G Norwood, C TI Glutathione and metallothionein status in an acute response by Mercenaria mercenaria brown cells to copper in vivo SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE brown cells; copper; glutathione; Mercenaria; metallothionein ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; CADMIUM TOXICITY; METAL EXPOSURE; INDUCTION; HEPATOCYTES; METABOLISM; DEPLETION; DEFENSE; NICKEL AB Red glands of Mercenaria mercenaria comprise brown cells that accumulate, detoxify, and excrete copper. Brown cell involvement in metal detoxification is due in part to endogenous glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT). The intent of this study was to test the hypotheses that brown cell GSH functions in protection against Cu2+ toxicity, that brown cell GSH provides the initial defense against Cu2+ prior to brown cell MT induction, and that MT variants (MTI, MTII), if present are unequal in response to Cu2+. Brown cells were analyzed for GSH and MT after 0.25, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days of treatment of Mercenaria with 0.01 and 0.05 ppm Cu2+. Glutathione initiated the brown cell acute response (within the first day of treatment) to both the 0.01 and 0.05 ppm Cu2+ treatments. Metallothionein in brown cells increased to Day 4 during treatment with 0.01 ppm Cu2+, whereas NIT concentration was greatest at Day 2 after which it decreased to Day 4 with treatment of 0.05 ppm Cu2+. The change in MTII relative to its control was greater than that of MTI in the brown cell acute response to 0.01 ppm Cu2+ and also for Days 0.25 to 2 in response to the 0.05 ppm Cu2+ treatment. At Days 3 and 4 with the 0.05 ppm Cu2+ the change in MTI/MTII ratio was due to a greater change in MTI than MTII relative to their respective controls. The variants of brown cell MT appear to respond differently to Cu2+ depending on the Cu2+ treatment concentration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Zaroogian, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 53 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1006/eesa.2002.2218 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 614FC UT WOS:000179176800015 PM 12568466 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, MS TI Efficient hydrologic tracer-test design for tracer-mass estimation and sample-collection frequency, 1. Method development SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracer-test design; continuous stirred tank reactor; breakthrough curves; advection-dispersion equation; functional relationships ID SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; AQUIFERS AB Hydrological tracer testing is the most reliable diagnostic technique available for the determination of basic hydraulic and geometric parameters necessary for establishing operative solute-transport processes. Tracer-test design can be difficult because of a lack of prior knowledge of the basic hydraulic and geometric parameters desired and the appropriate tracer mass to release. A new efficient hydrologic tracer-test design (EHTD) methodology has been developed to facilitate the design of tracer tests by root determination of the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) using a preset average tracer concentration which provides a theoretical basis for an estimate of necessary tracer mass. The method uses basic measured field parameters (e.g., discharge, distance, cross-sectional area) that are combined in functional relationships that describe solute-transport processes related to flow velocity and time of travel. These initial estimates for time of travel and velocity are then applied to a hypothetical continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as an analog for the hydrological-flow system to develop initial estimates for tracer concentration, tracer mass, and axial dispersion. Application of the predicted tracer mass with the hydraulic and geometric parameters in the ADE allows for an approximation of initial sample-collection time and subsequent sample-collection frequency where a maximum of 65 samples were determined to be necessary for describing the predicted tracer-breakthrough curve (BTC). Inclusion of tracer retardation and decay cause a net increase in tracer-mass estimates so that the preset average tracer concentration will be maintained and there will be a consequent steepening of the BTC, but retardation also causes BTC spreading and a delay in tracer arrival. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8623D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 827 EP 838 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 614JG UT WOS:000179184400015 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, MS TI Efficient hydrologic tracer-test design for tracer-mass estimation and sample-collection frequency, 2. Experimental results SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breakthrough curves; flowing streams; porous media; tracer-test design ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; AQUIFERS; STREAM; MODEL AB Effective tracer-test design requires that the likely results be predicted in advance of test initiation to ensure tracer-test success. EHTD-predicted breakthrough curves (BTCs) for various hydrological conditions were compared with measured BTCs obtained from actual tracer tests. The hydrological conditions for the tracer tests ranged from flowing streams to porous-media systems. Tracer tests evaluated included flowing streams tracer tests conducted in small and large surface-water streams, a karst solution conduit, and a glacial-meltwater stream and porous-media systems conducted as natural-gradient, forced-gradient, injection-withdrawal, and recirculation tracer tests. Comparisons between the actual tracer tests and the predicted results showed that tracer breakthrough, hydraulic characteristics, and sample-collection frequency may be forecasted sufficiently well in most instances as to facilitate good tracer-test design. Comparisons were generally improved by including tracer decay and/or retardation in the simulations. Inclusion of tracer decay in the simulations also tended to require an increase in set average tracer concentration to facilitate matching peak concentrations in the measured BTCs, however. Both nonreactive tracer and reactive tracer predictions produced recommended sample-collection frequencies that would adequately define the actual BTCs, but estimated tracer-mass estimates were less precise. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8623D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 839 EP 850 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 614JG UT WOS:000179184400016 ER PT J AU Costa, M Zoroddu, MA Suk, WA Thompson, C Rossman, T AF Costa, M Zoroddu, MA Suk, WA Thompson, C Rossman, T TI Preface - Third International Meeting on the Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Costa, M (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. RI costa, max/H-1754-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 SU 5 BP 687 EP 687 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 612FQ UT WOS:000179064200001 ER PT J AU Styblo, M Drobna, Z Jaspers, I Lin, S Thomas, DJ AF Styblo, M Drobna, Z Jaspers, I Lin, S Thomas, DJ TI The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: A research update SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on the Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL STINTINO, ITALY DE AP-1; arsenic; cancer; inhibition; methylated arsenic; methylation; methyltransferase; toxicity; transcription control ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); HUMAN URINE; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; ENZYMATIC REDUCTION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; RABBIT LIVER; IN-VITRO C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, CB 7220,Burnett Womack Clin Sci Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09941] NR 44 TC 234 Z9 244 U1 4 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 SU 5 BP 767 EP 771 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 612FQ UT WOS:000179064200018 PM 12426129 ER PT J AU Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Martinez, L Page, NP Gibb, H Longfellow, D Thompson, C Ladich, ER AF Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Martinez, L Page, NP Gibb, H Longfellow, D Thompson, C Ladich, ER TI Pathology related to chronic arsenic exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on the Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL STINTINO, ITALY DE angiosarcoma; arsenic; Bowen disease; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatoportal sclerosis; hyperkeratosis; liver; noncirrhotic portal fibrosis; squamous cell carcinoma ID IDIOPATHIC PORTAL-HYPERTENSION; DRINKING-WATER; WELL WATER; MORTALITY; ANGIOSARCOMA; PREVALENCE; ARGENTINA; DISEASES AB Millions now suffer the effects of chronic arseniasis related to environmental arsenic exposure. The biological mechanisms responsible for arsenic-induced toxicity and especially chronic effects, including cancer, are not well known. The U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) is participating in an international research effort to improve this understanding by the development of the International Tissue and Tumor Repository for Chronic Arsenosis (ITTRCA). The ITTRCA obtains, archives, and makes available for research purposes, tissues from subjects exposed to arsenic. We provide here a short overview of arsenic-induced pathology, briefly describe arsenic-induced lesions in the skin and liver, and present five case reports from the ITTRCA. Arsenic-induced skin pathology includes hyperkeratosis, pigmentation changes, Bowen disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinomas. A unique spectrum of skin lesions, known as arsenical keratosis, is rather characteristic of chronic arseniasis. Bowen disease, or squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin, has been well documented as a consequence of arsenical exposure. A spectrum of liver lesions has also been attributed to chronic arseniasis. Of these, hepatocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma, cirrhosis, and hepatoportal sclerosis have been associated with arsenic exposure. We present case reports that relate to these health conditions, namely, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Bowen disease of the skin and hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma of the liver. Four patients had been treated with arsenical medications for such conditions as asthma, psoriasis, and syphilis, and one case occurred in a boy chronically exposed to arsenic in drinking water. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 26 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 SU 5 BP 883 EP 886 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 612FQ UT WOS:000179064200042 PM 12426152 ER PT J AU Samet, JM Silbajoris, R Huang, T Jaspers, I AF Samet, JM Silbajoris, R Huang, T Jaspers, I TI Transcription factor activation following exposure of an intact lung preparation to metallic particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ATF-2; CREB; c-Jun; immunohistochemistry; NF kappa B; particulate matter; transcription factors ID OIL FLY-ASH; NF-KAPPA-B; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-8 GENE-EXPRESSION; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; INHALABLE PARTICLES; TRANSITION-METALS; DAILY MORTALITY; UTAH VALLEY; AMBIENT AIR AB Metallic constituents contained in ambient particulate matter have been associated with adverse effects in a number of epidemiologic, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a metallic by-product of the combustion of fossil fuel oil, which has been shown to induce a variety of proinflammatory responses in lung cells. We have examined signaling pathways activated in response to ROFA exposure and recently reported that ROFA treatment activates multiple mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in the rat lung. In the present study we extended our investigations on the mechanism of toxicity of ROFA to include transcription factors whose activities are regulated by MAP kinases as well as possible effectors of transcriptional changes that mediate the effects of ROFA. We applied immunohistochemical methods to detect ROFA-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB), activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), c-Jun, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in intact lung tissue and confirmed and characterized their functional activation using DNA binding assays. We performed these studies using a perfused rabbit lung model that is devoid of blood elements in order to distinguish between intrinsic lung cell effects and effects that are secondary to inflammatory cell influx. We report here that exposure to ROFA results in a rapid activation of all of the transcription factors studied by exerting direct effects on lung cells. These findings validate the use of immunohistochemistry to detect transcription factor activation in vivo and demonstrate the utility of studying signaling changes in response to environmental exposures. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 56 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 10 BP 985 EP 990 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 600VE UT WOS:000178411800029 PM 12361922 ER PT J AU Henry, CJ Phillips, R Carpanini, F Corton, JC Craig, K Igarashi, K Leboeuf, R Marchant, G Osborn, K Pennie, WD Smith, LL Teta, MJ Vu, V AF Henry, CJ Phillips, R Carpanini, F Corton, JC Craig, K Igarashi, K Leboeuf, R Marchant, G Osborn, K Pennie, WD Smith, LL Teta, MJ Vu, V TI Use of genomics in toxicology and epidemiology: Findings and recommendations of a workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chemical industry; epidemiology; ethics; gene expression; genomics; hazard; proteomics; research needs; risk assessment; toxicogenomics AB The sequencing of the human genome has revolutionized biology and led to an astounding variety of technologies and bioinformatics tools, enabling researchers to study expression of genes, the function of proteins, metabolism, and genetic differences within populations and between individuals. These scientific advances are making an impact in the medical research community and hold great promise for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This developing field also holds great promise for improving the scientific basis for understanding the potential impacts of chemicals on health and the environment. A workshop sponsored by the International Council of Chemical Associations was held to review the state of the science in the application of genomics technologies in toxicology and epidemiology. Further, consideration was given to the ethical, legal, and regulatory issues and their influence on the direction and application of genomics technologies to environmental health research. Four overarching themes emerged from the workshop: Genomics technologies should be used within a framework of toxicology and epidemiology principles and aplied in a context that can be used in risk assessment; effective application of these technologies to epidemiology will require suitable biologic samples from large and diverse population groups at the relevant period of exposure; ethical, legal, and social perspectives require involvement of all stakeholder communities; and a unified research agenda for genomics technologies as applied to toxicology, epidemiology, and risk assessment is urgently needed for the regulatory and scientific communities to realize the potential power and benefits of these new technologies. C1 Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. European Ctr Ecotoxicol & Toxicol Chem, Brussels, Belgium. CIIT, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. ICF Consulting, Fairfax, VA USA. Japan Chem Ind Assoc, Tokyo, Japan. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH USA. Arizona State Univ, Coll Law, Tempe, AZ USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Exponent Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Henry, CJ (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, 1300 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1047 EP 1050 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 600VE UT WOS:000178411800038 PM 12361931 ER PT J AU Jacobs, DE Clickner, RP Zhou, JY Viet, SM Marker, DA Rogers, JW Zeldin, DC Broene, P Friedman, W AF Jacobs, DE Clickner, RP Zhou, JY Viet, SM Marker, DA Rogers, JW Zeldin, DC Broene, P Friedman, W TI The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in US housing SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE childhood lead poisoning; housing; housing survey; lead; lead-based paint; lead paint; lead poisoning prevention ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN AB In this study we estimated the number of housing units in the United States with lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards. We included measurements of lead in intact and deteriorated paint, interior dust, and bare soil. A nationally representative, random sample of 831 housing units was evaluated in a survey between 1998 and 2000; the units and their occupants did not differ significantly from nationwide characteristics. Results indicate that 38 million housing units had lead-based paint, down from the 1990 estimate of 64 million. Twenty-four million had significant lead-based paint hazards. Of those with hazards, 1.2 million units housed low-income families (< $30,000/year) with children under 6 years of age. Although 17% of government-supported, low-income housing had hazards, 35% of all low-income housing had hazards. For households with incomes greater than or equal to $30,000/year, 19% had hazards. Fourteen percent of all houses had significantly deteriorated lead-based paint, and 16% and 7%, respectively, had dust lead and soil lead levels above current standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The prevalence of lead-based paint and hazards increases with age of housing, but most painted surfaces, even in older housing, do not have lead-based paint. Between 2% and 25% of painted building components were coated with lead-based paint. Housing in the Northeast and Midwest had about twice the prevalence of hazards compared with housing in the South and West. The greatest risk occurs in older units with lead-based paint hazards that either will be or are currently occupied by families with children under 6 years of age and are low-income and/or are undergoing renovation or maintenance that disturbs lead-based paint. This study also confirms projections made in 2000 by the President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children of the number of houses with lead-based paint hazards. Public- and private-sector resources should be directed to units posing the greatest risk if future lead poisoning is to be prevented. C1 US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC 20410 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jacobs, DE (reprint author), US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, P-3202,451 17th St,SW, Washington, DC 20410 USA. NR 41 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 10 BP A599 EP A606 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 600VE UT WOS:000178411800041 PM 12361941 ER PT J AU Bolger, PT Szlag, DC AF Bolger, PT Szlag, DC TI Electrochemical treatment and reuse of nickel plating rinse waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODIALYSIS AB The treatment and disposal of nickel-contaminated rinse waters places an additional cost-burden on a metal plating facility. Increasing the resource productivity within an electrolytic nickel plating process by creating a recycle loop for the "waste" components of the rinse water can reduce disposal and raw material costs. In this study, an electrowinning cell, fitted with an anion exchange membrane, was used to recover valuable components from a simulated electrolytic nickel plating rinse water by a combination of electrodeposition and electrodialysis. The anion exchange membrane in the cell permitted a dual electrode function. Nickel metal was recovered from the rinse water at the cathode and a sulfuric/hydrochloric acid mixture was generated at the anode (which can be used in the pickling baths to clean metal parts). The boric acid in the rinse water could not be recovered by anion exchange due to its high acid dissociation constant. The cell worked effectively in both a batch and a continuous feed mode. The research demonstrated that this type of electrochemical cell could feasibly replace the traditional ion exchange process for treating rinse waters, and eliminate regeneration chemicals/waste while producing useful process materials. C1 Bord Na Mona Environm Ltd, Newbridge, Kildare, Ireland. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bolger, PT (reprint author), Bord Na Mona Environm Ltd, Main St, Newbridge, Kildare, Ireland. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1002/ep.670210318 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VL UT WOS:000185225700011 ER PT J AU Oppelt, ET AF Oppelt, ET TI Science, technology, and environmental protection SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Oppelt, ET (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop G75, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP O2 EP O3 DI 10.1002/ep.670210302 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VL UT WOS:000185225700001 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, D Chattopadhyay, S Lyon, WG Wilson, JT AF Chattopadhyay, D Chattopadhyay, S Lyon, WG Wilson, JT TI Effect of surfactants on the survival and sorption of viruses SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRANSPORT; SOIL; BIOSURFACTANT; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS; BINDING; REMOVAL AB There is an increasing concern about the protection of groundwater from contamination by enteric viruses and the prevention of outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Knowledge, of survivability and transport of viruses from their point of origin is necessary to determine their potential effects on the neighboring groundwater systems. The distribution of virus is, in turn, dependent on the physical and chemical compositions of the surrounding soil and subsurface systems. For the present study, we have determined the effects of different surfactants (cationic, anionic, nonionic, and biological) and natural organic matter (NOK) on bacteriophages. Results indicated that surfactants and NOM adversely affect phage survival in binary systems, with surfactants being the most harmful. Studies with ternary systems also showed that the presence of surfactants reduced sorption of phages on sorbents either by occupying available sorption sites on the Sorbent material or by displacing the sorbed phages from the sorbent surface. Water contact angles of the selected phages and different sorbent surfaces have been measured. Experimental data demonstrated that the sorption of hydrophobic viruses was favored by hydrophobic sorbents, while the sorption of hydrophilic viruses was favored by hydrophilic sorbents. C1 ManTech Environm Res Serv Corp, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Environm Restorat Dept, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4017 EP 4024 DI 10.1021/es0114097 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599TT UT WOS:000178351800016 PM 12380069 ER PT J AU Cooter, EJ Hutzell, WT AF Cooter, EJ Hutzell, WT TI A regional atmospheric fate and transport model for atrazine. 1. Development and implementation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT FORMULATIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MISSISSIPPI-RIVER; PART I; GAS; VOLATILIZATION; DEPOSITION; MULTIMEDIA AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system is adapted to simulate the regional transport and fate of atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States. Model chemistry and deposition are modified, and a gas-to-particle partitioning algorithm is added to accommodate semivolatile behavior. The partitioning algorithm depends on humidity, temperature, and particulate matter concentration and composition. Results indicate that gaseous atrazine will usually dominate warm season atmospheric concentrations, but particulate form can surpass gas forms when atmospheric humidity is high (>70%) and less-acidic (pH > 2.5) aqueous aerosol component is present. Implementation of the modified CMAQ for atrazine is illustrated, and, within the limits of our current understanding, preliminary transport and fate patterns appear to be reasonable. This research represents one of the first attempts to include a gas-to-particulate matter partitioning mechanism in an Eulerian grid-model. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4091 EP 4098 DI 10.1021/es011371y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599TT UT WOS:000178351800027 PM 12380080 ER PT J AU Cash, GG Nabholz, JV AF Cash, GG Nabholz, JV TI Minimum cross-sectional diameter: Calculating when molecules may not fit through a biological membrane SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE minimum cross-sectional diameter; biological membranes; aquatic toxicity; energy minimization; persistent bioaccumulative toxicants AB Some compounds that are predicted to be toxic to aquatic organisms instead show no toxicity. In some cases, this phenomenon occurs because the molecules are too large physically to pass through biological membranes. at least by passive transport, The size of the smallest circle through which a molecule can pass is called its minimum effective cross-sectional diameter. Until now, no method has been generally available for determining this parameter. Here, we present such a method, based on vector analysis. that produces results in seconds or minutes. even for relatively large molecules, on a desktop computer. The only input required is the Cartesian coordinates and van der Waals radii of the constituent atoms. The gas-phase, energy-minimized structure is used as an approximation, because to our knowledge, no practical means of experimentally measuring an effective diameter in solution is currently available. C1 US EPA, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div MC 7403M, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div MC 7403M, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2095 EP 2098 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 596FJ UT WOS:000178153300012 PM 12371485 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Motter, KL Robbins, JM AF Peterson, SA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Motter, KL Robbins, JM TI Level and extent of mercury contamination in Oregon, USA, lotic fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fish tissue; probability sampling; regional assessment ID UNITED-STATES; TISSUE; LAKE; WATER AB We conducted a probability survey of 154 Oregon, USA, stream and river sites to asses!, the spatial extent of mercury (Hg) contamination in fish tissue. Samples consisted of whole-fish analyses of both small (<120 mm) and large (> 120 mm) fish at each site when both were present, Overall, Hg, levels (mug/g) in small fish ((X) over bar = 0.031 standard deviation [SD] = 0,029), large piscivore, ((X) over bar = 0.284 SD = 0.175). and large invertivores (9 = 0.055; SD 0,047) were found within fairly narrow ranges; always above detection (0.0025 mug/g) and almost always below 0.4 mug/g. Given the great ecoregion diversity across Oregon, the narrow range in fish tissue Hg levels suggests that atmospheric transport is an important vehicle for Hg distribution. In small fish, Hg levels were almost always low and showed little meaningful difference among fish taxa. In large fish, Hg levels were significantly related to fish length. Piscivores (pikeminnow and bass) had significantly higher Hg levels, and the sloe of their Hg level/length relationship was much steeper than for invertivores. Salmonids, the most commonly occurring fish taxon in Oregon, exceeded 0.1 mug Hg/g (deemed protective for fish-eating mammals) in an inferred 15% of stream lengths where they occurred. Pikerminnows and bass were found at fewer sites, but they exceeded 0.1 mug Hg/g in an inferred 96 and 70%, respectively, of stream lengths where they occurred. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2157 EP 2164 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2157:LAEOMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 596FJ UT WOS:000178153300019 PM 12371492 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Jacob, DJ Field, BD Streets, DG Fernandes, SD Jang, C AF Fiore, AM Jacob, DJ Field, BD Streets, DG Fernandes, SD Jang, C TI Linking ozone pollution and climate change: The case for controlling methane SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB [1] Methane (CH4) emission controls are found to be a powerful lever for reducing both global warming and air pollution via decreases in background tropospheric ozone (O-3). Reducing anthropogenic CH4 emissions by 50% nearly halves the incidence of U.S. high-O-3 events and lowers global radiative forcing by 0.37 W m(-2) (0.30 W m(-2) from CH4, 0.07 W m(-2) from O-3) in a 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry. A 2030 simulation based upon IPCC A1 emissions projections shows a longer and more intense U.S. O-3 pollution season despite domestic emission reductions, indicating that intercontinental transport and a rising O-3 background should be considered when setting air quality goals. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 23 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 19 AR 1919 DI 10.1029/2002GL015601 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000180603500025 ER PT J AU Gibb, HJ AF Gibb, HJ TI Current perspectives on issues in risk assessment methods SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE mechanism; aggregate risk; public health; variation in susceptibility AB The Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was reorganized in 1995 to follow the risk assessment paradigm developed by the National Research Council. With the reorganization, a number of different research strategies and plans were developed on problem-driven topics (e.g., arsenic, particulate matter, and microbial pathogens/disinfectant byproducts) as well as on core research (e.g., ecological research, human health risk assessment research, and pollution prevention research). The human health risk assessments research strategy, which is currently under development, addresses a variety of issues which affect all human health risk assessments. These include mechanism of action, variation in response, aggregate risk, and effect on public health. While all of the issues that have been identified are important, the challenge to ORD is to identify which will have the greatest impact on improving risk assessment so that resources can be most strategically applied. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gibb, HJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1251 DI 10.1080/20028091057330 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200006 ER PT J AU Kimmel, CA AF Kimmel, CA TI Use of toxicological data in estimating reference values for risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE toxicology; hazard characterization; reference dose; reference concentration; risk assessment ID UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; SAFETY FACTORS; FRAMEWORK; CANCER; BORON AB A number of programs within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) currently set less-than-life time exposure limits in addition to the chronic reference dose (RfD) and reference concentration (RfC). A review of procedures within the USEPA for setting reference values suggests that less-than-lifetime reference values should be more routinely developed and captured in the USEPA's online IRIS database where chronic RfDs and RfCs, as well as cancer slope factors, are currently available. A review of standard testing study protocols was conducted to determine what data were available for setting acute, short-term, and longer-term reference values, as well as chronic values. This review was done from the point of view of endpoints assessed for specific organ systems (both structural and functional), life stages covered by exposure and outcome, durations of exposure covered and the outcomes evaluated for each, and evaluation of latency to response and/or reversibility of effects. This review revealed a number of data gaps and research needs, including the need for an acute and/or short-term testing protocol that can be used to set acute and short-term reference values, a strategy for when to conduct more extensive testing based on initial screening data or other information (e.g., chemical class, pharmacokinetics, mode of action), additonal standard testing guidlines protocols to allow more complete assessment of certain organ systems and life stages, development of pharmacokinetic data for different life stages, toxicity related to aging, and latency to response, particularly long-term latency as a result of developmental exposures. The implications of this review are discussed relative to characterizing hazard data for setting reference values, and the potential effects on uncertainty factors and low-dose extrapolation. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kimmel, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1313 DI 10.1080/20028091057376 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200010 ER PT J AU Morgan, KT Brown, HR Benavides, G Crosby, L Sprenger, D Yoon, L Ni, H Easton, M Morgan, D Laskowitz, D Tyler, R AF Morgan, KT Brown, HR Benavides, G Crosby, L Sprenger, D Yoon, L Ni, H Easton, M Morgan, D Laskowitz, D Tyler, R TI Toxicogenomics and human disease risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE transcriptome; toxicogenomics; oxidative stress; risk assessment; in vitro toxicology; mechanisms of disease; bioinformatics ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELLS; TOXICOLOGY; APOPTOSIS AB Complete sequencing of human and other genomes, availability of large-scale gene expression arrays with ever-increasing numbers of genes displayed, and steady improvements in protein expression technology can have a great impact on the field of toxicology. However, we are a long way from devising effective standards for human risk assessments based upon these technologies. Current impediments to effective application of these technologies include appropriate normalization procedures (as "there is no fixed point in transcript space"), confirmation of data quality and demonstration of the functional significance of responses observed. Providing risk assessors with statistically and functionally unconfirmed, large-scale gene expression data sets that generally defy interpretation is not an appropriate approach. We propose that a logical process of data generation be developed, with risk assessment in mind from the outset. The basic principles of toxicology should be applied to selection of experimental systems, dose and duration of exposure, along with appropriate statistical analyses and biological interpretation. If mechanistically based interspecies extrapolation of risk is to be undertaken, suitable biochemical or other follow-up studies should be completed to confirm functional significance of transcriptional changes. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27599 USA. RP Morgan, KT (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, MAI-T1154,5 Moore Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1339 EP 1353 DI 10.1080/20028091057394 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200012 ER PT J AU Gibb, HJ Checkoway, H Stayner, L AF Gibb, HJ Checkoway, H Stayner, L TI Improving risk assessment: Priorities for epidemiologic research SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; epidemiology; statistical models; dose modeling; dose-response ID MEASUREMENT ERROR; EXPOSURE; HAZARDS; CANCER AB The Epidemiology Work Group at the Workshop on Future Research for Improving Risk Assessment Methods, Of Mice, Men, and Models, held August 16 to 18, 2000, at Snowmass Village, Aspen, Colorado, concluded that in order to improve the utility of epidemiologic studies for risk assessment, methodologic research is needed in the following areas: (1) aspects of epidemiologic study designs that affect dose-response estimation; (2) alternative methods for estimating dose in human studies; and (3) refined methods for dose-response modeling for epidemiologic data. Needed research in aspects of epidemiologic study design includes recognition and control of study biases, identification of susceptible subpopulations, choice of exposure metrics, and choice of epidemiologic risk parameters. Much of this research can be done with existing data. Research needed to improve determinants of dose in human studies includes additional individual-level data (e.g., diet, co-morbidity), development of more extensive human data for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) dose modeling, tissue registries to increase the availability of tissue for studies of exposure/dose and susceptibility biomarkers, and biomarker data to assess exposures in humans and animals. Research needed on dose-response modeling of human studies includes more widespread application of flexible statistical methods (e.g., general additive models), development of methods to compensate for epidemiologic bias in dose-response models, improved biological models using human data, and evaluation of the benchmark dose using human data. There was consensus among the Work Group that, whereas most prior risk assessments have focused on cancer, there is a growing need for applications to other health outcomes. Developmental and reproductive effects, injuries, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease were identified as especially high priorities for research. It was also a consensus view that epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, and other scientists focusing on human data need to play a stronger role throughout the risk assessment process. Finally, the group agreed that there was a need to improve risk communication, particularly on uncertainty inherent in risk assessments that use epidemiologic data. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Gibb, HJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1080/20028091057420 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200015 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Andersen, M Bogdanffy, MS Dankovic, D Faustman, E Foster, P Frederick, C Haber, L Kimmel, CA Lewis, S McClellan, R Melnick, R Mirer, F Morgan, K Schaeffer, V Silbergeld, E Slikker, W Swenberg, J Vainio, H AF Toraason, M Andersen, M Bogdanffy, MS Dankovic, D Faustman, E Foster, P Frederick, C Haber, L Kimmel, CA Lewis, S McClellan, R Melnick, R Mirer, F Morgan, K Schaeffer, V Silbergeld, E Slikker, W Swenberg, J Vainio, H TI Improving risk assessment: Toxicological research needs SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE susceptibility; life stages; pharmacokinetics; dose response; exposure assessment; genomics ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BREAST-MILK; LUNG-CANCER; EXPOSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION; HEALTH; CYP1A1; POLYMORPHISMS AB A workshop convened to define research needs in toxicology identified several deficiencies in data and methods currently applied in risk assessment. The workshop panel noted that improving the link between chemical exposure and toxicological response requires a better understanding of the biological basis for inter- and intra-human variability and susceptibility. This understanding will not be complete unless all life stages are taken into consideration. Because animal studies serve as a foundation for toxicological assessment, proper accounting for cross-species extrapolation is essential. To achieve this, adjustments for dose-rate effects must be improved, which will aid in extrapolating toxicological responses to low doses and from short-term exposures. Success depends on greater use of validated biologically based dose-response models that include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Research in these areas will help define uncertainty factors and reduce reliance on underlying default assumptions. Throughout the workshop the panel recognized that biomedical science and toxicology in particular is on the verge of a revolution because of advances in genomics and proteomics. Data from these high-output technologies are anticipated to greatly improve risk assessment by enabling scientists to better define and model the elements of the relationship between exposure to biological hazards and health risks in populations with differing susceptibilities. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rohm & Haas Co, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Exxon Mobile, Annandale, NJ USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. UAW, Int Union, Detroit, MI USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. US FDA, Jefferson, AR USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, MSc23,C23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mtoraason@cdc.gov OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1419 DI 10.1080/20028091057439 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200016 ER PT J AU Zeise, L Hattis, D Andersen, M Bailer, AJ Bayard, S Chen, C Clewell, H Conolly, R Crump, K Dunson, D Finkel, A Haber, L Jarabek, AM Kodell, R Krewski, D Thomas, D Thorslund, T Wassell, JT AF Zeise, L Hattis, D Andersen, M Bailer, AJ Bayard, S Chen, C Clewell, H Conolly, R Crump, K Dunson, D Finkel, A Haber, L Jarabek, AM Kodell, R Krewski, D Thomas, D Thorslund, T Wassell, JT TI Improving risk assessment: Research opportunities in dose response modeling to improve risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE interindividual variability; injury risk; Bayesian analysis; latent variables; Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis ID HUMAN INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; OCCUPATIONAL FATAL INJURY; MULTISTEP CARCINOGENESIS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; TUMOR PROMOTION; LIFETIME RISK; UNITED-STATES; CANCER RISKS; UNCERTAINTY AB Substantial improvements in dose response modeling for risk assessment may result from recent and continuing advances in biological research, biochemical techniques, biostatistical/mathematical methods and computational power. This report provides a ranked set of recommendations for proposed research to advance the state of the art in dose response modeling. The report is the result of a meeting of invited workgroup participants charged with identifying five areas of research in dose response modeling that could be incorporated in a national agenda to improve risk assessment methods. Leading topics of emphasis are interindividual variability, injury risk assessment modeling, and procedures to incorporate distributional methods and mechanistic considerations into now-standard methods of deriving a reference dose (RfD), reference concentration (RfC), minimum risk level (MRL) or similar dose-response parameter estimates. C1 Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. Clark Univ, Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Consulting, KS Crump Grp, Ruston, LA USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Zeise, L (reprint author), Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. EM dhattis@aol.com OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1444 DI 10.1080/20028091057448 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200017 ER PT J AU Flemer, DA Ruth, BF Bundrick, CM AF Flemer, DA Ruth, BF Bundrick, CM TI Effects of sediment type on macrobenthic infaunal colonization of laboratory microcosms SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; BOTTOM; RECOLONIZATION; SETTLEMENT; SIZE; DENITRIFICATION; INVERTEBRATES; CHLORPYRIFOS; RECRUITMENT AB We tested the effects of four different sediment types collected from northern Gulf of Mexico estuarine systems on macroinfaunal colonization and community development in our laboratory flow-through microcosm system. Four sediments, types included, a beach sand, two fine-grained muds, but from different locations, and a 50: 50 mixture of one of the mud sediments and beach sand. Our hypothesis was that the pattern of colonization would differ among sediment types based on empirical field data and theory but the differences would be expressed most strongly at sediment type extremes (e. g., mud versus sand). A total of 49 taxa colonized the four sediments. Unidentified Actiniaria (sea anemones) numerically dominated densities among all four sediments with densities ranging between 46.5 to 60.5 per microcosm (20 cm side(-1)). Average taxa richness per microcosm(N: 10 replicates per sediment treatment) ranged from 10.4 in one of the mud treatments to 14.9 taxa in the sand. These were the only significant differences among sediment types (P less than or equal to 0.05) in taxa richness and we detected no significant effects of sediment type on animal densities. Differences in community metrics, although statistically significant, were generally of a relatively small magnitude. Five of 10 microcosms per treatment were randomly selected to test for effects of sediment depth (e. g., top, mid, and bottom). In vertically sectioned microcosms, average taxa richness in sand treatments was significantly greater than those of the other three sediments. A non-parametric multivariate analysis (Primer) revealed that community structure in the vertically sectioned microcosms differed significantly between sand and one of the mud treatments. Mean taxa richness of top sections differed significantly from mid and bottom sections. We detected significantly higher animal densities and taxa richness (P less than or equal to0.05) in vertically sectioned versus non-sectioned microcosms. However, these differences were unexplained based on experimental protocols. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Tech Resources Inc, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ W Florida, Dept Math & Stat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Flemer, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & TEchnol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Mail Code 4304 T,1200 Penn Ave,Ariel Rios Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM flemer.david@epamail.epa.gov RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2002 VL 485 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1021385901210 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 622HF UT WOS:000179640500006 ER PT J AU Molinelli, AR Madden, MC McGee, JK Stonehuerner, JG Ghio, AJ AF Molinelli, AR Madden, MC McGee, JK Stonehuerner, JG Ghio, AJ TI Effect of metal removal on the toxicity of airborne particulate matter from the Utah Valley SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG INJURY; DAILY MORTALITY; PM10 POLLUTION; PARTICLES; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATION AB Epidemiological studies have linked the inhalation of airborne particulate matter ( PM) to increased morbidity and mortality in humans. However, the mechanisms of toxicity of these particles remain unclear. Some hypotheses state that the toxicity might stem from PM transition metal content, adhered organic compounds, the biological component, or ultrafine particle content. In order to analyze metal involvement in PM toxicity, human airway epithelial cell line ( BEAS-2B) cultures were exposed for 24 h to an aqueous extract of PM collected in the Utah Valley. A portion of the extract was treated with Chelex, an agent that removes cations ( including transition metals) from solution. Removal of the majority of the metal mass was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses. Cells that were incubated with the untreated extract (62-1000 mug dry extract equivalent) showed a significant concentration-dependent increase in the inflammatory mediator interleukin-8 (IL-8) when compared to the control cells. However, cells incubated with Chelex-treated extract produced no change ( relative to control) in IL-8. We exposed rats in vivo for 24 h to the same treatments as the cells and found significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein in the rats exposed to the untreated extract and to the Chelex-treated extract with metals added back to achieve original concentrations. There was an attenuation of the observed LDH and total protein increases in the rats instilled with the Chelex-treated extract. Taken together, our results suggest that removal of metal cations attenuates cellular responses to the aqueous extract and support a role for transition metal involvement in PM-associated increases in morbidity and mortality. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Madden, MC (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd,MD 58B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Molinelli, Alejandro/B-6151-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 T32 ES07126] NR 39 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1069 EP 1086 DI 10.1080/08958370290084737 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 602HB UT WOS:000178498900005 PM 12396411 ER PT J AU Piasek, M Laskey, JW Kostial, K Blanusa, M AF Piasek, M Laskey, JW Kostial, K Blanusa, M TI Assessment of steroid disruption using cultures of whole ovary and/or placenta in rat and in human placental tissue SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress on Occupational and Environmental Health in the Chemical Industry CY SEP 03-06, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE cadmium; endocrine disruptors; placenta; steroidogenesis; whole-ovary culture ID ACUTE CADMIUM EXPOSURE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT; CYCLING RATS; STEROIDOGENESIS; PROGESTERONE; OVULATION; INVITRO; CELLS; ACCUMULATION; SECRETION AB Objectives: The paper presents results of collaborative research on cadmium as an endocrine disruptor. To detect steroidogenic alterations in cycling and pregnant rats following cadmium exposures in vivo (at 3 or 5 mg/kg as a single s.c. dose) and in vitro (from 0 through 2,000 muM Cd2+) whole-ovary culture was used. To evaluate steroid productions in rats fed low iron (10 ppm) and concomitantly exposed to cadmium (5 mg/kg total dose by s.c.-implanted osmotic pumps) during 19 days of pregnancy whole-placenta culture was also used. In human placental tissue cadmium and progesterone concentrations were assessed in relation to cigarette smoking. Methods: Cultures of minced ovaries were evaluated for 1-h basal steroid production and following 1-h production stimulated with either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or hCG and pregnenolone. Placental cultures were evaluated for average 1-h progesterone production following 3 h of unstimulated production. Steroid hormones were evaluated by specific radioimmunoassay. Placental cadmium concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: In-vivo cadmium exposure interfered with normal steroidogenesis in cycling rats and in early pregnancy, with ovarian estradiol production the most affected. Under in-vitro cadmium exposure the most affected was ovarian production of progesterone and testosterone in cycling (proestrous) rats with medial inhibitory concentrations Under 500 muM Cd2+. Cadmium interfered with the steroidogenic pathway at more than one site. Linear and additive effects of low-iron feeding and concomitant cadmium exposure during pregnancy on placental progesterone production were found. In humans, we found that the placentas of smoking mothers contained twice as much cadmium and approximately half the amount of progesterone than did the placentas of non-smoking mothers. Conclusions: Results of the research on cadmium-induced steroidogenic effects using cultures of whole rat ovary and/or placenta as well as human placental tissues point to cadmium as an endocrine disruptor that may compromise pregnancy outcome and fetal viability. C1 Univ Zagreb, Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Mineral Metab Unit, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Div Dev Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Piasek, M (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Mineral Metab Unit, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 75 SU S BP S36 EP S44 DI 10.1007/s00420-002-0351-3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 629RY UT WOS:000180063700008 PM 12397409 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Snoeyink, VL AF Lytle, DA Snoeyink, VL TI Effect of ortho- and polyphosphates on the properties of iron particles and suspensions SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MELAMINE RESINS; DRINKING-WATER; PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE; HYDROXIDE; SEDIMENTS; COLLOIDS AB Orthophosphate and polyphosphates are widely used by drinking water utilities to reduce lead, copper, and iron (Fe) release from distribution system materials and reduce visible Fe precipitation and related discolored water complaints. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of orthophosphate and several polyphosphates on the properties of Fe particles and suspensions derived from the oxygenation of Fe(II) at a single oxygen concentration over a broad pH range. Results showed that polyphosphates and orthophosphate, to a lesser extent, reduced apparent color and turbidity of Fe suspensions, decreased particle size, made the zeta potential more negative, and increased Fe suspension stability. A fixed-mass concentration of low-molecular-weight polyphosphate was more effective at reducing the particle size of Fe(III) solids than high-molecular-weight polyphosphates. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martn Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 94 IS 10 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 600MK UT WOS:000178394300016 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Brown, JS Peters, TM Leith, D Kim, CS AF Rosati, JA Brown, JS Peters, TM Leith, D Kim, CS TI A polydisperse aerosol inhalation system designed for human studies SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polydisperse aerosol; inhalation; deposition ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; INHALED PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; HUMAN LUNGS; MORTALITY AB A polydisperse aerosol inhalation system has been developed to measure particle deposition in the lungs of human subjects. Nebulizers are used to generate aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters from 0.3 to 3 mum, and geometric standard deviations of 1.8-2.0. Inspired aerosol is drawn from a holding bag, passes through a sliding valve and a pneumotachograph, and enters a heated mouthpiece. Exhaled aerosol passes from the mouthpiece and pneumotachograph, through a second sliding valve and is collected in a heated sample bag. Inhalation and exhalation valves trigger automatically with change in flow direction through the pneumotachograph. Complete size distributions of inhaled and exhaled aerosol are measured by an aerodynamic particle sizer and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Fractional particle deposition of a test aerosol in the lung is determined by comparing inhaled and exhaled aerosol size fractions. Total deposition is determined from the sum of the fractional depositions. This new system precludes the need for monodisperse aerosol series to simulate polydisperse aerosol data, thus substantially reducing both study length and subject exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431,104 Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1433 EP 1446 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00087-3 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00087-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 619YR UT WOS:000179506000007 ER PT J AU Milopoulos, PG Suidan, MT Sayles, GD Kaskassian, S AF Milopoulos, PG Suidan, MT Sayles, GD Kaskassian, S TI Numerical modeling of oxygen exclusion experiments of anaerobic bioventing SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; bioventing; modeling; oxygen exclusion ID POROUS-MEDIA; REMEDIATION; TRANSPORT; SOIL; PCE AB A numerical and experimental study of transport phenomena underlying anaerobic bioventing (ABV) is presented. Understanding oxygen exclusion patterns in vadose zone environments is important in designing an ABV process for bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorinated solvents. In particular, the establishment of an anaerobic zone of influence by nitrogen injection in the vadose zone is investigated. Oxygen exclusion experiments are performed in a pilot scale flow cell (2 X 1.1 X 0.1 m) using different venting flows and two different outflow boundary conditions (open and partially covered). Injection gas velocities are varied from 0.25 X 10(-3) to 1.0 X 10(-3) cm/s and are correlated with the ABV radius of influence. Numerical simulations are used to predict the collected experimental data. In general, reasonable agreement is found between observed and predicted oxygen concentrations. Use of impervious covers can significantly reduce the volume of forcing gas used, where an increase in oxygen exclusion efficiency is consistent with a decrease in the outflow area above the injection well. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Milopoulos, PG (reprint author), Tait Environm Management Inc, 701 N Parkctr Dr, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 220 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00037-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 597YW UT WOS:000178249200003 ER PT J AU McClenny, WA Oliver, KD Jacumin, HH Daughtrey, EH AF McClenny, WA Oliver, KD Jacumin, HH Daughtrey, EH TI Ambient level volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring using solid adsorbents - Recent US EPA studies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Sympopsium on the Use of Thermal Desportation in Occupational Medicinal and Environmental Chemical Analysis CY OCT 09-10, 2001 CL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA ID AIR; WATER; PERFORMANCE; COLLECTION; VOLUME; PURGE; GASES AB Ambient air spiked with 1-10 ppbv concentrations of 41 toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) listed in US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Compendium Method TO-14A was monitored using solid sorbents for sample collection and a Varian Saturn 2000 ion trap mass spectrometer for analysis. The adsorbent was a combination of graphitic carbon and a Carboxen-type carbon molecular sieve. The method detection limits (MDLs) for 11 samples were typically 0.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and lower except for bromomethane and chloromethane, both of which exhibited breakthrough. Thirty-day sample storage on the sorbents resulted in less than a 20% change for most compounds, and water management was required for humid samples to avoid major anomalous decreases in response during analyses. The adsorbent-based system, a system using canister-based monitoring, and a semi-continuous automated GC/MS (autoGC) monitoring system with a Tenax GR/Carbotrap B/Carbosieve S-III adsorbent preconcentrator were compared using spiked ozone concentrations as a variable. In this comparison, the target compounds included a number of n-aldehydes as well as those listed in TO-14A. The effects of ozone on the TO-14A compounds were relatively minor with the exception of negative artifacts noted for styrene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. However, a small, systematic decrease in response was evident for a number of aromatic VOCs and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane when ozone was increased from 50 to 300 ppbv. Method averages for multiple runs under the same conditions were typically within +/- 0.25 ppbv of their mean for most compounds. For n-aldehydes, strong positive artifacts using the autoGC preconcentrator and strong negative artifacts for the canister-based and carbon sorbent approaches caused major disagreement among methods. These artifacts were mostly eliminated by using MnO2 ozone scrubbers, although loss of the n-aldehydes for all methods occurred after a single sample collection of 1 h duration, apparently due to the interaction of the n-aldehydes and products of the O-3, MnO2 reaction on the scrubber. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McClenny, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 695 EP 705 DI 10.1039/b203291k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609VP UT WOS:000178925800020 PM 12400917 ER PT J AU Dreher, KL Costa, DL AF Dreher, KL Costa, DL TI Systemic health effects of ambient air particulate matter exposure - Preface SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dreher, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 BP 1491 EP 1492 DI 10.1080/00984100290071621 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 602GT UT WOS:000178498100001 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Hauser, R Christiani, DC McGee, J Richards, JR Costa, DL AF Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Hauser, R Christiani, DC McGee, J Richards, JR Costa, DL TI Temporal association between pulmonary and systemic effects of particulate matter in healthy and cardiovascular compromised rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUSLY-HYPERTENSIVE RATS; OIL FLY-ASH; AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; RISK-FACTORS; BONE-MARROW; INFLAMMATION AB Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease. It is hypothesized that systemic alterations occur concurrent to pulmonary injury/inflammation, and contribute to cardiac events in compromised hosts. We explored this hypothesis using a rat model for human hypertension and cardiovascular disease (spontaneously hypertensive, SH), and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. SH and WKY rats (12-13 wk old) were exposed either intratracheally (IT; 0.0, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg in saline) or nose-only (15 mg/m(3) x 6 h/d x 3 d/wk x 1, 2 or 4 wk) to combustion source residual oil fly ash ( ROFA) with low metal content, and examined 1, 2 or 4 d later. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) albumin and neutrophils increased (SH congruent to WKY) at d 1 following ROFA IT. With inhalation exposure, both strains experienced progressive histological lung damage and increases in BALF albumin and neutrophils during 1 to 4 wk (SH > WKY). Acute lung injury from ROFA IT was temporally associated with increases in plasma fibrinogen in both strains, but only the SH rats responded to the acute 1-wk ROFA inhalation. Longer term ( 2 or 4 wk) ROFA caused progressive lung injury (SH > WKY), but did not sustain the increase in fibrinogen. BALF glutathione increased in a temporal fashion similar to fibrinogen; however, only WKY rats demonstrated this response. There was a small but consistent decrease in blood lymphocytes and an increase in blood neutrophils in SH rats exposed to ROFA acutely. In conclusion, acute PM exposure can provoke an acute systemic thrombogenic response associated with pulmonary injury/inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular compromised rats. This evidence is consistent with greater cardiovascular events during acute PM episodes in compromised humans. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, MD 82,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, MD 82,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 41 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 BP 1545 EP 1569 DI 10.1080/00984100290071667 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 602GT UT WOS:000178498100005 PM 12396868 ER PT J AU Campen, MJ Nolan, JP Schladweiler, MCJ Kodavanti, UP Costa, DL Watkinson, WP AF Campen, MJ Nolan, JP Schladweiler, MCJ Kodavanti, UP Costa, DL Watkinson, WP TI Cardiac and thermoregulatory effects of instilled particulate matter-associated transition metals in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; AIR-POLLUTION PARTICLE; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXPOSURE; NICKEL; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Particulate matter air pollution has been associated with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality in many recent epidemiological studies. Previous toxicological research has demonstrated profound cardiac and thermoregulatory changes in rats following exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a combustion-derived particulate. The response to ROFA appeared biphasic, consisting of both immediate (0-6 h) and delayed (24-96 h) bradycardia and hypothermia. Other studies have demonstrated that much of the pulmonary toxicity of ROFA was caused by its constitutive transition metals, namely, Fe, Ni, and V. This study examined the contributions of these metals to the observed cardiac and thermoregulatory changes caused by ROFA in conscious, unrestrained rats. Prior to exposure, each animal was surgically implanted with a radiotelemetry device capable of continuously monitoring heart rate, electrocardiographic, and core temperature data. Individual metals were intratracheally instilled in healthy rats (n = 4 per metal species) and in rats with monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg)-induced pulmonary hypertension (n = 10 per metal species); combinations of metals were instilled in MCT-treated rats only ( n = 6 per combination of metal species). Metals were administered in doses equivalent to those found in the highest dose of ROFA used in previous studies, that is, 105 mug Fe-2(SO4)(3), 263 mug NiSO4, and 245 mug VSO4. Healthy and MCT-treated rats demonstrated similar responses to metals. Fe caused little response, whereas V caused marked bradycardia, arrhythmogenesis, and hypothermia immediately following instillation and lasting similar to6 h. Ni caused no immediate response, but induced a delayed bradycardia, arrhythmogenesis, and hypothermia that began similar to24 h after instillation and lasted for several days. When instilled in combination, Ni appeared to exacerbate the immediate effects of V, whereas Fe attenuated them. These data suggest that the biphasic response to instilled ROFA may result from a summation of the temporally different effects of V and Ni. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Watkinson, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-82, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 BP 1615 EP 1631 DI 10.1080/00984100290071694 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 602GT UT WOS:000178498100008 PM 12396871 ER PT J AU Jennings, DB Jarnagin, ST AF Jennings, DB Jarnagin, ST TI Changes in anthropogenic impervious surfaces, precipitation and daily streamflow discharge: a historical perspective in a mid-atlantic subwatershed SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE historical aerial photography; impervious surfaces; precipitation; streamflow; urban landscape change ID UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; FISH; FREQUENCY; VARIABILITY; HABITAT; RUNOFF; IMPACT; TRENDS; AREA AB Aerial photography provides a historical vehicle for determining long-term urban landscape change and, with concurrent daily streamflow and precipitation records, allows the historical relationship of anthropogenic impervious surfaces and streamflow to be explored. Anthropogenic impervious surface area in the upper Accotink Creek subwatershed (near Annandala, Virginia, USA) was mapped from six dates of rectified historical aerial photography ranging from 1949 to 1994. Results show that anthropogenic impervious surface area has grown from approximately 3% in 1949 to 33% in 1994. Coincident to this period, analysis of historical mean daily streamflow shows a statistically significant increase in the streamflow discharge response ( per meter of precipitation) associated with "normal" and "extreme" daily precipitation levels. Significant changes were also observed in the frequency of daily streamflow discharge at given volumes above and below the historical daily mean. Simultaneously, the historical magnitude, frequency and pattern of precipitation values greater than or equal to 0 mm, greater than or equal to 6.0 mm and greater than or equal to 35.0 mm show either no statistically significant change or influence on streamflow. Historical changes in streamflow in this basin appear to be related to increases in anthropogenic impervious surface cover. Historical aerial photography is a viable tool for revealing long-term landscape and ecosystem relationships, and allows landscape investigations to extend beyond the temporal and spatial constraints of historical satellite remote sensing data. C1 US EPA, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jennings, DB (reprint author), US EPA, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 42 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 471 EP 489 DI 10.1023/A:1021211114125 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 617YP UT WOS:000179388800008 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Hitomi, M van der Wee, K Rothenberg, F Fisher, SA Zucker, R Svoboda, KKH Goldsmith, EC Heiskanen, KM Nieminen, AL AF Watanabe, M Hitomi, M van der Wee, K Rothenberg, F Fisher, SA Zucker, R Svoboda, KKH Goldsmith, EC Heiskanen, KM Nieminen, AL TI The pros and cons of apoptosis assays for use in the study of cells, tissues, and organs SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE cell death; confocal microscopy; immunohistological techniques; mitochondria; programmed cell death ID LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; STAGE MOUSE EMBRYOS; IN-SITU DETECTION; ANNEXIN-V BINDS; DNA FRAGMENTATION; HEART-FAILURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAT HEPATOCYTES AB Programmed cell death or apoptosis occurs in many tissues during normal development and in the normal homeostasis of adult tissues. Apoptosis also plays a significant role in abnormal development and disease. Increased interest in apoptosis and cell death in general has resulted in the development of new techniques and the revival of old ones. Each assay has its advantages and disadvantages that can render it appropriate and useful for one application, but inappropriate or difficult to use in another. Understanding the strengths and limitations of the assays would allow investigators to select the best methods for their needs. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, UHC, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Biomed Sci, Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Anat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Ireland Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Watanabe, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, UHC, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI fisher, steven/G-2630-2010; OI Svoboda, Kathy/0000-0003-0820-3067 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY008886, R01 EY008886-10]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL65314]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS39469] NR 96 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 375 EP 391 DI 10.1017/S1431927602010346 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 612CG UT WOS:000179056100001 PM 12533214 ER PT J AU Kenyon, GL DeMarini, DM Fuchs, E Galas, DJ Kirsch, JF Leyh, TS Moos, WH Petsko, GA Ringe, D Rubin, GM Sheahan, LC AF Kenyon, GL DeMarini, DM Fuchs, E Galas, DJ Kirsch, JF Leyh, TS Moos, WH Petsko, GA Ringe, D Rubin, GM Sheahan, LC CA Natl Res Council Steering Comm TI Defining the mandate of proteomics in the post-genomics era: Workshop report SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROTEIN AB Research in proteomics is the next logical step after genomics in understanding life processes at the molecular level. In the largest sense proteomics encompasses knowledge of the structure, function and expression of all proteins in the biochemical or biological contexts of all organisms. Since that is an impossible goal to achieve, at least in our lifetimes, it is appropriate to set more realistic, achievable goals for the field. Up to now, primarily for reasons of feasibility, scientists have tended to concentrate on accumulating information about the nature of proteins and their absolute and relative levels of expression in cells (the primary tools for this have been 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). Although these data have been useful and will continue to be so, the information inherent in the broader definition of proteomics must also be obtained if the true promise of the growing field is to be realized. Acquiring this knowledge is the challenge for researchers in proteomics and the means to support these endeavors need to be provided. An attempt has been made to present the major issues confronting the field of proteomics and two clear messages come through in this report. The first is that the mandate of proteomics is and should be much broader than is frequently recognized. The second is that proteomics is much more complicated than sequencing genomes. This will require new technologies but it is highly likely that many of these will be developed. Looking back 10 to 20 years from now, the question is: Will we have done the job wisely or wastefully? This report summarizes the presentations made at a symposium at the National Academy of Sciences on February 25, 2002. C1 Univ Michigan, Coll Pharm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Keck Grad Inst Appl Life Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. MitoKor, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Basic Med Sci Res Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Basic Med Sci Res Ctr, WM Keck Inst Cellular Visualizat, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. Natl Acad, Board Int Sci Org Policy & Global Affairs, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Kenyon, GL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Coll Pharm, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Moos, Walter/0000-0001-7244-811X; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 NR 6 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 10 BP 763 EP 780 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 654VC UT WOS:000181515900001 PM 12438560 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Bosco-Nizeyi, J da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Cranfield, MR Lindquist, HDA AF Graczyk, TK Bosco-Nizeyi, J da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Cranfield, MR Lindquist, HDA TI A single genotype of Encephalitozoon intestinalis infects free-ranging gorillas and people sharing their habitats in Uganda SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HABITUATED MOUNTAIN GORILLAS; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL-PARK; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; MICROSPORIDIA; CUNICULI; AIDS; BERINGEI; PATIENT AB Microsporidian spores have been detected by Chromotrope 2R and calcofluor stains in fecal samples of three free-ranging human-habituated mountain gorillas in Uganda and in two people who share gorilla habitats. All spore isolates have been identified by PCR with species-specific primers and fluorescent in situ hybridization with a species-specific oligonucleotide probe to be Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Sequencing analyses of the full length SSUrRNA amplified from all spore isolates were identical with Enc. intestinalis SSUrRNA GenBank SIU09929, Sequences generated from a fragment containing the internal transcribed spacer of these isolates were identical to GenBank sequence Y11611, i.e,, Enc. intestinalis of anthroponotic origin. A single pathogen genotype in two genetically distant but geographically united host groups indicates anthropozoonotic transmission of Enc. intestinalis. It is highly unlikely that these two identical Enc. intestinalis genotypes were acquired independently by gorillas and people, it is much more probable that one group initiated infection of the other. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Wildlife & Anim Resource Managment, Gorilla Vet Project, Morris Anim Fdn Mt, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Brach, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0693-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 600YP UT WOS:000178419600009 PM 12209334 ER PT J AU Wu, TJ Mendola, P Buck, GM AF Wu, TJ Mendola, P Buck, GM TI Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE menarche; puberty; race; secondary sex characteristics ID PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; AGE; CHILDREN; GROWTH AB Objective. To assess measures of puberty-presence of pubic hair, breast development, and menarche- for 3 racial/ethnic groups of girls in the United States. Methods. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study sample was restricted to 1623 girls aged 8 to 16 years (466 non-Hispanic white, 589 non-Hispanic black, and 568 Mexican American) for whom information was available on Tanner stages of pubic hair and breast development. Subsequently, the sample was restricted to 1168 girls aged 10 to 16 years (330 non-Hispanic white, 419 non-Hispanic black, and 419 Mexican American) for whom menarche data were available. Tanner stage II or higher was used to define pubic hair and breast development; menarche status was self-reported. The percentage of girls who had pubic hair and breast development and had achieved menarche was computed by age and race/ethnicity. Probit and failure time models were applied to estimate mean ages at onset of pubic hair, breast development, and menarche. The racial/ethnic differences also were examined after adjustment for social and economic variables and current body mass index. Results. Black and Mexican American girls had pubic hair and breast development and had achieved menarche at younger ages than white girls. For example, 49.4% of black girls aged 9 years had breast development compared with 24.5% of Mexican American girls and 15.8% of white girls. The mean age at onset of pubic hair, breast development, and menarche was 9.5, 9.5, and 12.1 year for black girls; 10.3, 9.8, and 12.2 years for Mexican American girls; and 10.5, 10.3, and 12.7 years for white girls. These ethnic differences remained even after adjustment for current body mass index and several social and economic variables. Conclusion. Black girls on average enter puberty first, followed by Mexican American and then white girls. C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Buck, GM (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, 6100 Execut Blvd,7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844; Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 28 TC 170 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 752 EP 757 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.752 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200025 PM 12359790 ER PT J AU Ferguson, TD Altmayer, F AF Ferguson, TD Altmayer, F TI A summary of the EPA Capsule Report on Nickel Plating Emission Issues, Control Technologies, & Management Practices SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB This article summarizes the Capsule Report entitled "Nickel Plating Emission Issues/Control Technologies, and Management Practices" that was prepared under the direction of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development to assist the metal finishing community with the management of nickel plating environmental issues. Its purpose is to profile the nickel plating community, to present the compelling nickel plating issues and to provide metal finishing practitioners with technical and management practices that incorporate cost-effective solutions,to plating emission problems. The Capsule Report combines a current review of the nickel plating industry with a technical, economic and regulatory analysis by stakeholders who understand the industry's needs. This article emphasizes the integration of best management practices and control technologies in the hopes of encouraging members of the nickel plating community to use the Capsule Report as a resource document for this purpose. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ferguson, TD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 602LM UT WOS:000178506800009 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, SD Dimitrova, NC Walker, JD Veith, GD Mekenyan, OG AF Dimitrov, SD Dimitrova, NC Walker, JD Veith, GD Mekenyan, OG TI Predicting bioconcentration factors of highly hydrophobic chemicals. Effects of molecular size SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solubility Phenomena CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL VARNA, BULGARIA ID FLY-ASH; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; FISH; PCDDS; PCDFS; BIOACCUMULATION; MODEL AB The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a parameter that describes the ability of chemicals to concentrate in aquatic organisms. Traditionally, it is modeled by the log-log quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) between the BCF and the octanol-water partition coefficient (K-ow). A significant scatter in the parabolic log(BCF)/log(K-ow) curve has been observed for narcotics with log(K-ow) greater than 5.5. This study shows that the scatter in the log(BCF)/log(K-ow) relationship for highly hydrophobic chemicals can be explained by the molecular size. The significance of the maximal cross-sectional diameter on bioconcentration was compared with the traditionally accepted effective diameter. A threshold value of about 1.5 nm for this parameter has been found to discriminate chemicals with log(BCF) > 3.3 from those with log(BCF) < 3.3. This critical value for the maximum diameter is comparable with the architecture of the cell membrane. This threshold is half thickness of leaflet constituting the lipid bilayer. The existence of a size threshold governing bioconcentration is an indication of a possible switch in the uptake mechanism from passive diffusion to facilitated diffusion or active transport. The value of the transition point can be used as an additional parameter to hydrophobicity for predicting BCF variation. The effect of molecular size on bioconcentration has been studied by accounting for conformational flexibility of molecules. C1 US EPA, TSCA, ITC, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Bourgas Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. RP Mekenyan, OG (reprint author), Bourgas Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. EM omekenya@btu.bg NR 46 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 19 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1823 EP 1830 DI 10.1351/pac200274101823 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 623YL UT WOS:000179732500006 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Ediriwickrema, J Johnson, DM Lyon, JG McKerrow, A AF Lunetta, RS Ediriwickrema, J Johnson, DM Lyon, JG McKerrow, A TI Impacts of vegetation dynamics on the identification of land-cover change in a biologically complex community in North Carolina, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE RADIOMETRIC NORMALIZATION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; MULTITEMPORAL SPACE; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DATA SET; INDEXES; ISSUES AB A land-cover (LC) change detection experiment was performed in the biologically complex landscape of the Neuse River Basin (NRB), North Carolina using Landsat 5 and 7 imagery collected in May of 1993 and 2000. Methods included pixel-wise Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Multiband Image Difference (MID) techniques. The NDVI method utilized non-normalized (raw) imagery data, while the MID method required normalized imagery. Image normalization techniques included both automatic scattergram-controlled regression (ASCR) and localized relative radiometric normalization (LRRN) techniques. Change/no-change thresholds for each method were optimized using calibration curves developed from reference data and a series of method-specific binary change masks. Cover class-specific thresholds were derived for each of the four methods using a previously developed NRB-LC classification (1998-1999) to support data stratification. An independent set of accuracy assessment points was selected using a disproportionate stratified sampling strategy to support the development of error matrices. Area-weighted conditional probability accuracy statistics were calculated based on the areal extent of change and no change for each cover class. All methods tested exhibited acceptable accuracies, ranging between 80% and 91%. However, change omission errors for woody cover types were unacceptably high, with values ranging between 60% and 79%. Overall commission errors in the change category were also high (42-51%) and strongly affected by the agriculture class. There were no significant differences in the Kappa coefficient between the NDVI, MID ASCR, and LRRN normalization methods. The MID non-normalized method was inferior to both the NDVI and MID ASCR methods. Stratification by major LC type had no effect on overall accuracies, regardless of method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lockheed Martin Serv Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2-3 BP 258 EP 270 AR PII S0034-4257(02)00042-1 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00042-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 595TA UT WOS:000178123800008 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, P Bare, JC Hammitt, JK Murphy, PA Rice, GE AF Hofstetter, P Bare, JC Hammitt, JK Murphy, PA Rice, GE TI Tools for comparative analysis of alternatives: Competing or complementary perspectives? SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE comparative risk assessment; life cycle assessment; risk tradeoff analysis; health-health analysis; benefit-cost analysis; cost-effectiveness analysis ID HEALTH-HEALTH ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES; LIFE-CYCLE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SAFETY REGULATION; TELL US; MORTALITY; INCOME; COMPETITIVENESS AB A third generation of environmental policy making and risk management will increasingly impose environmental measures, which may give rise to analyzing countervailing risks. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of all risks associated with the decision alternatives will aid decision-makers in prioritizing alternatives that effectively reduce both target and countervailing risks. Starting with the metaphor of the ripples caused by a stone that is thrown into a pond, we identify 10 types of ripples that symbolize, in our case, risks that deserve closer examination: direct, upstream, downstream,. accidental risks, occupational risks, risks due to offsetting behavior, change in disposable income, macro-economic changes, depletion of natural resources, and risks to the manmade environment. Tools to analyze these risks were developed independently and recently have been applied to overlapping fields of application. This suggests that either the tools should be linked in a unified framework for comparative analysis or that the appropriate field of application for single tools should be better understood. The goals of this article-are to create a better foundation for the understanding of the nature and coverage of available tools and to identify the remaining gaps. None of the tools is designed to deal with all 10 types of risk. Provided data suggest that, of the 10 types of identified risks, those associated with changes in disposable income may be particularly significant when decision alternatives differ with respect to their effects on disposable income. Finally, the present analysis was limited to analytical questions and did not capture the important role of the decision-making process itself. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA USA. US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hofstetter, P (reprint author), Haldelistr 7, CH-8173 Neerach, Switzerland. NR 127 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 833 EP 851 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00255 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 612KB UT WOS:000179072700003 PM 12442983 ER EF