FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dorman, DC Struve, MF Wong, BA Dye, JA Robertson, ID AF Dorman, DC Struve, MF Wong, BA Dye, JA Robertson, ID TI Correlation of brain magnetic resonance imaging changes with pallidal manganese concentrations in rhesus monkeys following subchronic manganese inhalation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; secondary; manganese poisoning; pharmacokinetics; inhalation exposure; Macaca mulatta; magnetic resonance imaging ID HIGH SIGNAL INTENSITIES; BLOOD MANGANESE; BASAL GANGLIA; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; RAT-BRAIN; HEPATIC-ENCEPHALOPATHY; OLFACTORY CONNECTIONS; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; T1-WEIGHTED MRI; WHOLE-BLOOD AB High-dose manganese exposure is associated with parkinsonism. Because manganese is paramagnetic, its relative distribution within the brain can be examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, we present the first comprehensive study to use MRI, pallidal index (PI), and T-1 relaxation rate (R1) in concert with chemical analysis to establish a direct association between MRI changes and pallidal manganese concentration in rhesus monkeys following subchronic inhalation of manganese sulfate (MnSO4). Monkeys exposed to MnSO4 at >= 0.06 mg Mn/m(3) developed increased manganese concentrations in the globus pallidus, putamen, olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. Manganese concentrations within the olfactory system of the MnSO4-exposed monkeys demonstrated a decreasing rostralcaudal concentration gradient, a finding consistent with olfactory transport of inhaled manganese. Marked MRI signal hyperintensities were seen within the olfactory bulb and the globus pallidus; however, comparable changes could not be discerned in the intervening tissue. The R1 and PI were correlated with the pallidal manganese concentration. However, increases in white matter manganese concentrations in MnSO4-exposed monkeys confounded the PI measurement and may lead to underestimation of pallidal manganese accumulation. Our results indicate that the R1 can be used to estimate regional brain manganese concentrations and may be a reliable biomarker of occupational manganese exposure. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide evidence of direct olfactory transport of an inhaled metal in a non-human primate. Pallidal delivery of manganese, however, likely arises primarily from systemic delivery and not directly from olfactory transport. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dorman, DC (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dorman@ciit.org OI Foster, Melanie/0000-0001-6392-7418 NR 41 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj209 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400022 PM 16638924 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Simmons, JE Gennings, C AF Moser, VC Simmons, JE Gennings, C TI Neurotoxicological interactions of a five-pesticide mixture in preweanling rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mixtures; cumulative risk; neurotoxicity; age susceptibility; chlorpyrifos; acephate; malathion; dimethoate; diazinon ID GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; TRIORTHOTOLYL PHOSPHATE; MALATHION POTENTIATION; CHLORPYRIFOS TOXICITY; ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; DIFFERENT AGES; TIME-COURSE; RAY DESIGN AB The estimation of risk following exposure to mixtures is an important feature of pesticide risk assessment. Also of concern is the potential for increased sensitivity of the young to pesticide toxicity. We have conducted interaction studies using a mixture of five organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, acephate, and malathion) in both adult (published previously) and preweanlinig rats using a fixed-ratio ray design. In the present study, cholinesterase inhibition and behavioral changes (motor activity, gait, and tail-pinch response) were measured in 17-day-old Long-Evans male rats following acute exposure to the OPs. The ratio of pesticides in the mixture reflected the relative dietary exposure estimates projected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model. Dose-response data were collected for each OP alone, which were used (alone or in conjunction with the mixture data) to build an additivity model to predict the effects of the pesticide mixture along a ray of increasing total doses, using the same fixed ratio of components. The mixture data (full ray) were similarly modeled and statistically compared to the additivity model along the ray. Since malathion has been shown to produce synergistic interactions with certain OPs, it was of interest to evaluate the influence of malathion in this study. A second pesticide mixture, without malathion (reduced ray), was tested using the same dose levels or the remaining four OPs. Analysis of the full ray revealed significant greater-than-additive responses for all endpoints. The magnitude of this shift ranged from two- to threefold for estimates of the ED20 and ED50. The deviation from additivity was also detected in the reduced ray for all but two endpoints (motor activity and tail-pinch response); however, for all endpoints, the reduced ray was significantly different from the full ray. Thus, greater-than-additive responses were detected in preweanling rats with this OP mixture, and this effect can only partially be attributed to the: malathion in the mixture. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 47 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj189 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400024 PM 16611628 ER PT J AU Fox, JF AF Fox, JF TI Untitled SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Risk Assessment, Quantitat Risk Management Grp, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fox, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Risk Assessment, Quantitat Risk Management Grp, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623D,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM fox.john@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 346 EP 346 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj200 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400035 PM 16621912 ER PT J AU Tal, TL Graves, LM Silbajoris, R Bromberg, PA Wu, W Samet, JM AF Tal, TL Graves, LM Silbajoris, R Bromberg, PA Wu, W Samet, JM TI Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity mediates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in human airway epithelial cells exposed to Zn2+ SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human bronchial epithelial cell; zinc; epidermal growth factor receptor; protein tyrosine phosphatase ID EGF RECEPTOR; REVERSIBLE OXIDATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; KINASE-ACTIVITY; ZINC; METALS; ACTIVATION; BINDING; MECHANISMS; PULMONARY AB Epidemiological studies have implicated zinc (Zn2+) in the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM) inhalation. We previously showed that exposure to metal-laden PM inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity in human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HAEC) and leads to Src-dependent activation of EGFR signaling in B82 and A431 cells. In order to elucidate the mechanism of Zn2+-induced EGFR activation in HAEC, we treated HAEC with 500 mu M ZnSO4 for 5-20 min and measured the state of activation of EGFR, c-Src and PTPs. Western blots revealed that exposure to Zn2+ results in increased phosphorylation at both trans- and autophosphorylation sites in the EGFR. Zn2+-mediated EGFR phosphorylation did not require ligand binding and was ablated by the EGFR kinase inhibitor PD153035, but not by the Src kinase inhibitor PP2. Src activity was inhibited by Zn2+ treatment of HAEC, consistent with Src-independent EGFR transactivation in HAEC exposed to Zn2+. The rate of exogenous EGFR dephosphorylation in lysates of HAEC exposed to Zn2+ or V4+ was significantly diminished. Moreover, exposure of HAEC to Zn2+ also resulted in a significant impairment of dephosphorylation of endogenous EGFR. These data show that Zn2+-induced activation of EGFR in HAEC involves a loss of PTP activities whose function is to dephosphorylate EGFR in opposition to baseline EGFR kinase activity. These findings also suggest that there are marked cell-type-specific differences in the mechanism of EGFR activation induced by Zn2+ exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58D,104 Mason Farm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov FU PHS HHS [2-T32ESA7126] NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 214 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.011 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 058YQ UT WOS:000238700900003 PM 16410015 ER PT J AU Bosch, DJ Ogg, C Osei, E Stoecker, AL AF Bosch, D. J. Ogg, C. Osei, E. Stoecker, A. L. TI Economic models for TMDL assessment and implementation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cost minimization; economics; efficiency; equity; optimization models; policy; pollution allocation; simulation models; TMDL; uncertainty ID STATED PREFERENCE METHODS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; OPTIMIZATION; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION; COST; SWAT AB The TMDL assessment and implementation process is designed to achieve designated uses for water bodies, which are set by states based on criteria including perceived costs and benefits. Setting water quality goals based on designated uses and plans to achieve these goals have important implications for public welfare. Both treatment and damage costs should be considered in simultaneously determining the desired water quality goal and allocating pollution reductions among sources to achieve that goal. Assessing and implementing TMDL plans are complicated by uncertainties about pollution damages and stakeholder responses. Economic optimization or simulation models linked to water quality models allow water quality impacts and costs of TMDL standards to be assessed Higher water quality thresholds may be reserved for watersheds with higher estimated benefits. Costs of achieving standards can be reduced by targeting reductions at pollution sources with the lowest costs of achieving reductions. Trading programs can help achieve efficient targeting of pollution reductions while distributing costs equitably. The effectiveness of economic models to assist in setting water quality goals and in TMDL program planning and implementation can be improved by using economic models to analyze costs and benefits of water quality improvements and to assist with pollution targeting and trading programs to minimize costs of reducing pollution. Multi-media impacts of pollution should be included within economic and environmental water quality models. Given uncertainties about benefits and costs of achieving TMDL standards, policymakers and program managers need to collect more data on stakeholder responses to TMDL programs as well as better monitoring data on pollutant levels and functioning of aquatic systems. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Tarleton State Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bosch, DJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bosch@vt.edu NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1065 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400018 ER PT J AU Rosman, LA AF Rosman, Lewis A. TI The effect of advanced treatment on chlorine decay in metallic pipes SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorine decay; water distribution systems; advanced water treatment; pipeline simulator ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; KINETICS AB Experiments were run to measure what effect advanced treatment might have on the kinetics of chlorine and chloramine decay in metallic pipes that comprise many drinking water distribution systems. A recirculating loop of 6-in diameter unlined ductile iron pipe was used to simulate turbulent flow conditions in a pipe with significant corrosion and tubercle buildup. Conventionally treated test water was subjected to either ozonation, carbon adsorption (GAC), reverse osmosis (RO) or no further treatment before being chlorinated and introduced into the pipeline simulator. Results showed that overall chlorine decay in the simulator was consistently dominated by wall reactions whose first-order rate constants were an order of magnitude higher than those for the bulk water. With free chlorine, the wall rate constants for ozonated and GAC-treated water were about twice those of conventional or RO-treated water. This behavior is believed due to the effect that changes in the organic content of water have on its ability to complex iron and the effect that changes in water conductivity have on pipe wall corrosion. Tests run with chloraminated water showed no statistically significant effect of treatment type and had wall rate constants that were only 40 to 70% as high as those using free chlorine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rosman, LA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rossman.lewis@epa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2493 EP 2502 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.046 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 069SV UT WOS:000239469400004 ER PT J AU Eun, SY Kim, EH Kang, KS Kim, HJ Jo, SA Kim, SJ Jo, SH Kim, SJ Blackshear, PJ Kim, J AF Eun, Su-Yong Kim, Eun Hae Kang, Kee-Seok Kim, Hwa Jung Jo, Sangmee Ahn Kim, Soon-Jong Jo, Su-Hyun Kim, Sang Jeong Blackshear, Perry J. Kim, Jun TI Cell type-specific upregulation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and protein kinase C-alpha, -beta I -beta II, and -delta in microglia following kainic acid-induced seizures SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gene expression; kainic acid; microglia; myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate; protein kinase C; seizures ID MARCKS PROTEIN; MUTANT MICE; HIPPOCAMPUS; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSLOCATION; FIBROBLASTS; ACTIVATION AB Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a widely distributed protein kinase C (PKC) substrate and has been implicated in actin cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to extracellular stimuli. Although MARCKS was extensively examined in various cell culture systems, the physiological function of MARCKS in the central nervous system has not been clearly understood. We investigated alterations of cellular distribution and phosphorylation of MARCKS in the hippocampus following kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. KA (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to eight to nine week-old C57BL/6 mice. Behavioral seizure activity was observed for 2 h after the onset of seizures and was terminated with diazepam (8 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were sacrificed and analyzed at various points in time after the initiation of seizure activity. Using double-labeling immunofluorescence analysis, we demonstrated that the expression and phosphorylation of MARCKS was dramatically upregulated specifically in microglial cells after KA-induced seizures, but not in other types of glial cells. PKC alpha, beta I, beta II and delta, from various PKC isoforms examined, also were markedly upregulated, specifically in microglial cells. Moreover, immunoreactivities of phosphorylated MARCKS were colocalized in the activated microglia with those of the above isoforms of PKC. Taken together, our in vivo data suggest that MARCKS is closely linked to microglial activation processes, which are important in pathological conditions, such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seoul 110799, South Korea. Cheju Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Cheju 690756, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Seoul 122701, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Biomed Brain Res Ctr, Seoul 122701, South Korea. Mokpo Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Choongnam 534729, South Korea. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Clin Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, SJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seoul 110799, South Korea. EM kimjun@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Sang Jeong/J-2740-2012; Kim, Jun/J-5432-2012 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MED BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA #812 KOFST, 635-4 YOKSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-3613 J9 EXP MOL MED JI Exp. Mol. Med. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 310 EP 319 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 062DT UT WOS:000238925500015 PM 16819290 ER PT J AU Xu, M Moore, JE Leone-Kabler, S Mccoy, TP Swank, A Nelson, GB Ross, JA Townsend, AJ Miller, MS AF Xu, M Moore, JE Leone-Kabler, S Mccoy, TP Swank, A Nelson, GB Ross, JA Townsend, AJ Miller, MS TI Expression of glutathione S-transferases in fetal lung and liver tissue from parental strains and F1 crosses between C57BL/6 and BALB/c F1 mice following in utero exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE fetus; glutathione S-transferases; 3-methylcholanthrene; lung tumors; transplacental carcinogenesis ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; KI-RAS MUTATIONS; TRANSPLACENTAL EXPOSURE; CRITICAL WINDOWS; MOUSE; CANCER; MICE; TUMORS; CARCINOGENESIS; INDUCTION AB GST isoforms have been extensively studied in adult tissues but little is known about the composition and levels of these enzymes in fetal tissues. As part of our ongoing studies to determine the potential role of metabolic enzymes in mediating the differential susceptibility of different strains of mice to lung tumorigenesis following in utero exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), we screened for GST enzyme activity and for expression of the individual GST alpha, pi, mu, and theta isoforms in murine fetal lung and liver tissues isolated from the parental strains and F1 crosses between C57BL/6 (136) and BALB/c (C) mice. Using 1-chloro2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate, we found that treatment with MC had no effect on the levels of GST enzyme activity in either the fetal lung or liver in either of the two parental strains or their F1 crosses. Low levels of expression of each of the four enzymes were detected by Western blotting in both fetal lung and liver tissues in all four strains. A statistically significant 3.5-fold induction was observed only for GSTV in the fetal lung of the parental strain of BALB/c mice 48 h after exposure to MC. None of the other enzymes showed any significant differences in the levels of expression following exposure to MC. Although strain-specific differences in the expression of the GSTs that were independent of MC treatment were observed, they could not account for the differences previously observed in either the Ki-ras mutational spectrum or lung tumor incidence in the different strains of mice. Similar results were obtained when the maternal metabolism of MC was assayed in liver microsomal preparations. The results are consistent with previous studies showing low levels and poor inducibility of phase II enzymes during gestation, and demonstrate for the first time that all four of the major GST enzymes are expressed in fetal tissues. While the high inducibility of activating enzymes, such as Cyp1a1, and low, uninducible levels of phase II conjugating enzymes probably account for the high susceptibility of the fetus to transplacentally induced tumor formation, the results also suggest that factors other than metabolism may account for the strain-specific differences in susceptibility to carcinogen-mediated lung tumor induction following in utero exposure to chemical carcinogens. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Miller, MS (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA12197] NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.010 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 056HP UT WOS:000238513200012 PM 16678797 ER PT J AU Jiang, GH Skorvaga, M Croteau, DL Van Houten, B States, JC AF Jiang, GH Skorvaga, M Croteau, DL Van Houten, B States, JC TI Robust incision of benoz[a]pyrene-7,8-dihyrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA adducts by a recombinant thermoresistant interspecies combination UvrABC endonuclease system SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; BENZOPYRENE DIOL EPOXIDE; DNA PREINCISION COMPLEX; C-TERMINAL REGION; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; UVRB PROTEIN; 2 FORMS; SEQUENCE; BINDING; DAMAGE AB Prokaryotic DNA repair nucleases are useful reagents for detecting DNA lesions. UvrABC endonuclease, encoded by the UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC genes can incise DNA containing bulky nucleotide adducts and intrastrand cross-links. UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC were cloned from Bacillus caldotenax (Bca) and UvrC from Thermatoga maritima (Tma), and recombinant proteins were overexpressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Incision activities of UvrABC composed of all Bca-derived subunits (UvrABC(Bca)) and an interspecies combination UvrABC composed of Bca-derived UvrA and UvrB and Tma-derived UvrC (UvrABC(Tma)) were compared on benoz[a] pyrene-7,8-dihyrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-adducted substrates. Both UvrABC(Bca) and UvrABC(Tma) specifically incised both BPDE-adducted plasmid DNAs and site-specifically modified 50-bp oligonucleotides containing a single (+)-trans- or (+)-cis-BPDE adduct. Incision activity was maximal at 55-60 degrees C. However, UvrABC(Tma) was more robust than UvrABC(Bca) with 4-fold greater incision activity on BPDE-adducted oligonucleotides and 1.5-fold greater on [H-3]BPDE-adducted plasmid DNAs. Remarkably, UvrABCBca incised only at the eighth phosphodiester bond 5' to the BPDE-modified guanosine. In contrast, UvrABC(Tma) performed dual incision, cutting at both the fifth phosphodiester bond 3' and eighth phosphodiester bond 5' from BPDE-modified guanosine. BPDE adduct stereochemistry influenced incision activity, and cis adducts on oligonucleotide substrates were incised more efficiently than trans adducts by both UvrABC(Bca) and UvrABC(Tma). UvrAB-DNA complex formation was similar with (+)-trans- and (+)-cis-BPDE-adducted substrates, suggesting that UvrAB binds both adducts equally and that adduct configuration modifies UvrC recognition of the UvrAB-DNA complex. The dual incision capabilities and higher incision activity of UvrABCTma make it a robust tool for DNA adduct studies. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Canc Res Inst, Bratislava 83391, Slovakia. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP States, JC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, 570 S Preston St,Suite 221, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM jcstates@louisville.edu RI States, J./H-4246-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES006460-05, R01 ES011314, R01ES06460, R01 ES011314-02, R01ES011314] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 27 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 25 BP 7834 EP 7843 DI 10.1021/bi052515e PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 054OC UT WOS:000238386300016 PM 16784235 ER PT J AU Tolley, SG Winstead, JT Haynes, L Volety, AK AF Tolley, S. Gregory Winstead, James T. Haynes, Lesli Volety, Aswani K. TI Influence of salinity on prevalence of the parasite Loxothylacus panopaei in the xanthid Panopeus obesus in SW Florida SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Loxothylacus joanopaei; Panopeus obesus; xanthidae; parasite; salinity ID RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII GOULD; SACCULINID PARASITE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; MUD CRABS; HERBSTII; OYSTERS; OSMOREGULATION; POPULATIONS; CASTRATOR AB This study was conducted to examine the potential influence of salinity, a proxy for freshwater inflow, on the prevalence of the castrator parasite Loxothylacus panopaei on saltmarsh mud crabs Panopeus obesus on SW Florida oyster reefs. Spatial and seasonal patterns of the presence of potential host crabs and the prevalence of the parasite were assessed in the Caloosahatchee, Estero, and Faka Union estuaries. Lift nets (1 m 2) containing 5 1 of oyster clusters were deployed on intertidal reefs at 3 sites along the salinity gradient of each estuary. Nets were deployed during 3 seasonally dry and 3 seasonally wet months for a period of 30 d. P. obesus densities tended to increase downstream in higher salinity waters, with crabs being absent from the upper station in the Caloosahatchee during both seasons and absent from the upper station of the Faka Union during wet months. Parasite prevalence was reduced upstream in each estuary during wet months compared to dry months, and for those estuaries that experienced higher relative levels of freshwater inflow. Furthermore, parasite prevalence was positively correlated with the mean salinity of capture of host crabs. Based on the distribution of P. obesus and the above patterns related to salinity, it appears that freshwater inflow and seasonal rains might regulate the prevalence of this parasite in SW Florida by creating spatiotemporal, low salinity refuges for its host. C1 Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coastal Watershed Inst, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Tolley, SG (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coastal Watershed Inst, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM gtolley@fgcu.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.3354/dao070243 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 077DP UT WOS:000240008200008 PM 16903236 ER PT J AU Sun, GB Thai, SF Lambert, GR Wolf, DC Tully, DB Goetz, AK George, MH Grindstaff, RD Dix, DJ Nesnow, S AF Sun, GB Thai, SF Lambert, GR Wolf, DC Tully, DB Goetz, AK George, MH Grindstaff, RD Dix, DJ Nesnow, S TI Fluconazole-induced hepatic cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzymatic activities in rats and mice SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fluconazole; PCR; P450; Cyp; alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation; western ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS; MOUSE-LIVER; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; POTENT INHIBITOR; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; INDUCTION; KETOCONAZOLE; METABOLISM AB This study was under-taken to examine the effects of the triazole antifungal agent fluconazole on the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (Cyp) genes and the activities of Cyp enzymes in male Sprague-Dawley rats and male CD-1 mice. Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) methods were used as measures of Cyp enzyme activities. Western analyses identified specific Cyp isoforms. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (quantitative real time-RT-PCR) assays were used to quantitate the mRNA expression of specific Cyp genes induced by this conazole. Rats and mice were administered fluconazole 2, 25, or 50 mg/kg bw/d by gavage daily for 14 days. In rats, fluconazole treatment (50 mg/kg bw/d) significantly induced pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (PROD), benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation (BROD), and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (EROD) hepatic microsomal activities. Fluconazole treatment significantly increased rat hepatic mRNA expression of CYP2B1 and CYP3A23/3A1 with dose-related responses. The highest dose of fluconazole gave a 128-fold induction of CYP2B1 and a 4.6-fold induction of CYP3A23/3A1 mRNA. CYP3A2 mRNA levels were also overexpressed 5.6-7.2-fold depending on dose. Western immunoblots of rat hepatic microsomal proteins identified Cyp isoforms: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP3A23/3A1, and Cyp3A2 with increased levels of CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A23/3A1 proteins. In mice, fluconazole induced BROD, PROD, EROD, and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylation hepatic microsomal activities after treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg bw/d. Fluconazole increased mouse hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp2b10 (1.9-fold) and Cyp3a11 (2.6-fold) in the 50 mg/kg bw/d treatment group. In summary, these results indicated that fluconazole, a triazole-containing conazole, clearly induced CYP2B and CYP3A families of isoforms in rat liver and Cyp2b and Cyp3a families of isoforms in mouse liver. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov NR 37 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.11.015 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 043DW UT WOS:000237580900006 PM 16406388 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Rao, VS Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Rao, V. S. Varma, Rajender S. TI A facile one-pot synthesis of beta-keto sulfones from ketones under solvent-free conditions SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beta-keto sulfones; solvent-free synthesis; [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene; phase transfer catalyst ID MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; ALPHA-TOSYLOXYKETONES; ORGANIC SYNTHESES; GAMMA-AMINO; KETOSULFONES; ACETYLENES; DERIVATIVES; SULFOXIDES; CATALYSIS; CHLORIDES AB An easy solvent-free method is described for the conversion of ketones into beta-keto sulfones in high yields that involves the in situ generation of alpha-tosyloxyketones, followed by nucleophilic substitution with sodium arene sulfinate in the presence of tetra-butylammonium bromide at room temperature. The salient features of this one-pot protocol are short reaction times, cleaner reaction profiles, and simple work-up that precludes the use of toxic solvents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 25 BP 4197 EP 4199 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.076 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 050TM UT WOS:000238111400022 ER PT J AU Wagner, HP Pepich, BV Pohl, C Later, D Joyce, R Srinivasan, K Thomas, D Woodruff, A DeBorba, B Munch, DJ AF Wagner, Herbert P. Pepich, B. V. Pohl, C. Later, D. Joyce, R. Srinivasan, K. Thomas, D. Woodruff, A. DeBorba, B. Munch, D. J. TI US Environmental Protection Agency Method 314.1, an automated sample preconcentration/matrix elimination suppressed conductivity method for the analysis of trace levels (0.50 mu g/L) of perchlorate in drinking water SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA DE perchlorate; analysis; drinking water AB Since 1997 there has been increasing interest in the development of analytical methods for the analysis of perchlorate. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 314.0, which was used during the first Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR) cycle, supports a method reporting limit (MRL) of 4.0 mu g/L. The non-selective nature of conductivity detection, combined with very high ionic strength matrices, can create conditions that make the determination of perchlorate difficult. The objective of this work was to develop an automated, suppressed conductivity method with improved sensitivity for use in the second UCMR cycle. The new method, EPA Method 314.1, uses a 35 mm x 4 mm cryptand concentrator column in the sample loop position to concentrate perchlorate from a 2 mL sample volume, which is subsequently rinsed with 10 mM NaOH to remove interfering anions. The cryptand concentrator column is combined with a primary AS 16 analytical column and a confirmation AS20 analytical column. Unique characteristics of the cryptand column allow perchlorate to be desorbed from the cryptand trap and refocused on the head of the guard column for subsequent separation and analysis. EPA Method 314.1 has a perchlorate lowest concentration minimum reporting level (LCMRL) of 0.13 mu g/L in both drinking water and laboratory synthetic sample matrices (LSSM) containing up to 1000 mg/L each of chloride, bicarbonate and sulfate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. Dionex Chem Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wagner, HP (reprint author), Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM herb_wagner@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 1118 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.039 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 056KU UT WOS:000238522500015 PM 16529757 ER PT J AU Wendelken, SC Vanatta, LE Coleman, DE Munch, DJ AF Wendelken, SC Vanatta, LE Coleman, DE Munch, DJ TI Perchlorate in water via US Environmental Protection Agency Method 331 Determination of method uncertainties, lowest concentration minimum reporting levels, and Hubaux-Vos detection limits in reagent water and simulated drinking water SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA DE perchlorate; tandem mass spectrometry; non-suppressed ion chromatography; lowest concentration minimum reporting level; uncertainty interval; detection limit AB US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 331 determines Perchlorate in drinking water using non-suppressed ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This study reports the results of calibration and recovery studies in reagent water, as well as of a recovery study in simulated drinking water (i.e., total dissolved solids are 500 mg/mL each of chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate). The Perchlorate concentrations in the study ranged from 0.05 to 64ng/mL. At 95% confidence, the Hubaux-Vos detection limit (H-V DL) was 0.04ng/mL for the calibration study and the simulated-drinking-water recovery study, and 0.03ng/mL for the reagent-water recovery study. The lowest concentration minimum reporting level was 0.03ng/mL for reagent water and 0.07ng/mL for simulated drinking water, again at 95% confidence. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Air Liquide, Analyt Serv, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Vanatta, LE (reprint author), Air Liquide, Analyt Serv, Box 650311,MS 301, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. EM lynn.vanatta@airliquide.com NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 1118 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.023 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 056KU UT WOS:000238522500016 PM 16516898 ER PT J AU LeVan, TD Koh, WP Lee, HP Koh, D Yu, MC London, SJ AF LeVan, Tricia D. Koh, Woon-Puay Lee, Hin-Peng Koh, David Yu, Mimi C. London, Stephanie J. TI Vapor, dust, and smoke exposure in relation to adult-onset asthma and chronic respiratory symptoms - The Singapore Chinese Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; bronchitis; chronic; occupational diseases; occupational exposure; pulmonary disease; chronic obstructive ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; AIRWAYS DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; GENERAL-POPULATION; VENTILATORY FUNCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG-FUNCTION; COMMUNITY; WORKERS; BURDEN AB Occupational factors contribute to a significant fraction of respiratory disease and symptoms. The authors evaluated the role of occupational exposures in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort of adults aged 45-74 years at enrollment in 1993-1998. Information on occupations and occupational exposures was collected at enrollment for 52,325 subjects for whom respiratory outcomes were obtained via follow-up interviews in 1999-2004. Exposure to dusts from cotton, wood, metal, minerals, and/or asbestos was associated with nonchronic cough and/or phlegm (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.08, 1.30), chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.26, 95% Cl: 1.01, 1.57), and adult-onset asthma (OR = 1.14, 95% Cl: 1.00, 1.30). Cotton dust was the major contributor to respiratory symptoms. Vapor exposure from chemical solvents, dyes, cooling oils, paints, wood preservatives, and/or pesticides was associated with nonchronic cough or phlegm (OR = 1.14, 95% Cl: 1.03, 1.27), chronic dry cough (OR = 1.55, 95% Cl: 1.19, 2.01), and adult-onset asthma (OR = 1.34, 95% Cl: 1.15, 1.56). Chemical solvents, cooling oils, and pesticides were the major contributors to respiratory symptoms. These data support the role of occupational exposures in the etiology of respiratory illness in a population-based cohort in Singapore with a low prevalence of atopic illness. C1 Univ Arizona, Arizona Resp Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Minnesota, Canc Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA80205, R01 CA080205, R01 CA080205-05]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K01 ES000386, K01 ES000386-05, K01 ES00386, Z01 ES043012, Z01 ES043012-07] NR 53 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 12 BP 1118 EP 1128 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj144 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 055BL UT WOS:000238424900008 PM 16707657 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Environmental mass spectrometry: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CHLORINATED DRINKING-WATER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 199 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 12 BP 4021 EP 4045 DI 10.1021/ac060682u PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 052RZ UT WOS:000238252600014 PM 16771539 ER PT J AU Kania-Korwel, I Garrison, AW Avants, JK Hornbuckle, KC Robertson, LW Sulkowski, WW Lehmler, HJ AF Kania-Korwel, I Garrison, AW Avants, JK Hornbuckle, KC Robertson, LW Sulkowski, WW Lehmler, HJ TI Distribution of chiral PCBs in selected tissues in the laboratory rat SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ATROPISOMERS; CONGENER-SPECIFIC DETERMINATION; PCB-84 ENANTIOMERS; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; INDICATORS; SIGNATURES; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE; LIVERS AB The enantiomeric enrichment of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) atropisomers has been reported in both wildlife and in humans. The biological processes causing this enrichment are only poorly investigated, a fact that limits the use of enantiomeric fractions (EFs) as a tool to study various processes of environmental relevance. To further understand these enantioselective processes, this study investigates the tissue distribution and EFs of some PCB atropisomers after administration of PCB mixtures to immature male Sprague-Dawley rats. The mixtures selected for this study, Aroclor 1254 and an environmental mixture extracted from Chlorofen-contaminated soil, are qualitatively different and are known to induce different groups of hepatic enzymes. Animals were sacrificed 6 days after dosing, PCBs were extracted, and, whenever possible, the EFs of PCBs 84, 91, 95, 149, 174, and 176 were determined by chiral gas chromatography. The EFs of PCB 95 ( adipose tissue, liver, and skin) and PCB 149 (adipose tissue, liver, skin, and blood) in tissues from Aroclor 1254-treated animals differed significantly from EFs in the Aroclor standard, while only EFs of PCB 95 (blood) and PCB 174 (adipose tissue) in tissues from soil-extract-treated animals were different from those of the Chlorofen soil extract. PCB 149 in tissues from soil-extract-treated animals underwent no statistically significant enantiomeric enrichment. These differences in the EFs clearly suggest that the enantioselective enrichment of PCB atropisomers may correlate with exposure history, and with the induction of hepatic enzymes, and that EFs may be useful chemical markers of physiologic and biochemical changes following exposure to PCBs. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Silesia, Dept Environm Chem & Technol, PL-40006 Katowice, Poland. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. US EPA, Senior Serv Amer Inc, Athens, GA USA. RP Lehmler, HJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM hans-joachim-lehmler@uiowa.edu RI Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008; Korwel, Izabela/D-6315-2013; OI Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221; Korwel, Izabela/0000-0002-5747-1925; Lehmler, Hans-Joachim/0000-0001-9163-927X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES007380, ES05605, K25 ES012475-01A1, P42 ES013661, ES07380, P30 ES005605-14, K25 ES012475, P42 ES007380-089001, P30 ES005605, ES012475] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3704 EP 3710 DI 10.1021/es0602086 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052FJ UT WOS:000238217200010 PM 16830530 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Jaoui, M AF Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Jaoui, Mohammed TI Secondary organic carbon and aerosol yields from the irradiations of isoprene and alpha-pinene in the presence of NOx and SO2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; AMBIENT PM2.5; UNITED-STATES; OXIDATION; ACID; PHOTOOXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; URBAN AB A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the secondary organic carbon (SOC) yields of alpha-pinene and isoprene in the presence of SO2, which produces acidic aerosol in the system. Experiments were based on irradiating each hydrocarbon (HC) with NOx in a 14.5 m(3) smog chamber operated in the dynamic mode. The experimental design consisted of several multi-part experiments for each HC. In the first part of each experiment, an HC/NOx irradiation was conducted in the absence of SO2 and was followed by irradiations with the addition of SO2 in subsequent parts. Filter-based analyses for organic carbon were made using a thermal-optical approach either with an off-line instrument or in situ with an automated instrument. For isoprene in the absence of SO2, the SOC yield was approximately 0.001, a value consistent with earlier work from this laboratory. With the addition of up to 200 ppb SO2, the yield increased by a factor of 7. For alpha-pinene in the absence of SO2, the SOC yield of the irradiated mixture was found to average 0.096 from two experiments. With SO2 in the system, the SOC yield increased on average to 0.132. These results suggest that SO2, and by inference acidic aerosol, may play a role in increasing the yield of SOC from the photooxidation products of biogenic hydrocarbons or by the direct uptake of biogenic hydrocarbons onto acidic aerosol. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Al Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 28 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3807 EP 3812 DI 10.1021/es052446r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052FJ UT WOS:000238217200026 PM 16830546 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Corse, E Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO AF Jaoui, M Corse, E Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO TI Analysis of secondary organic aerosol compounds from the photooxidation of d-limonene in the presence of NOX and their detection in ambient PM2.5 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; MONOTERPENES; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCT; OZONE; QUANTIFICATION AB Chemical analysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of a d-limonene/NOX/air mixture was carried out. SOA, generated in a smog chamber, was collected on Zefluor filters. To determine the structural characteristics of the compounds, the filter samples were solvent extracted and derivatized using analytical techniques that characterize functional groups contained in the compound: BF3-methanol derivatization was used for carboxylic groups, BSTFA for acidic and nonacidic hydroxyl groups, and PFBHA for ketone and aldehyde groups. The resulting derivative compounds were analyzed by GC-MS in the methane CI and EI modes. GC-MS analysis showed the occurrence of 103 oxygenated organic compounds in the filter extracts, 28 of which were identified. The major components include five tracer compounds previously identified from the photooxidation of alpha-pinene/NOX or beta-pinene/NOX systems, C-4-C-6 linear dicarboxylic acids, ketolimononaldehyde, limonic acid, and ketolimonic acid. Time profiles, yields, and proposed reaction schemes are provided for selected compounds. The laboratory SOA yield was 0.51 at a SOA concentration of 1470 mu g m(-3). To determine the contributions of SOA products from d-limonene to ambient PM2.5, an analysis was performed for eight ambient PM2.5 samples collected in the southeastern United States in summer 2003. GC-MS analysis showed the occurrence of 21 d-limonene SOA compounds, indicating the impact of d-limonene on the regional aerosol burden. Based on our analysis, two compounds (nos. 55 and 69), not observed from the photooxidation of alpha-pinene beta-pinene, are candidate tracers for d-limonene in atmospheric particulate matter. C1 Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3819 EP 3828 DI 10.1021/es052566z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052FJ UT WOS:000238217200028 PM 16830548 ER PT J AU Song, W De La Cruz, AA Rein, K O'Shea, KE AF Song, Weihua De La Cruz, Armah A Rein, Kathleen O'Shea, Kevin E. TI Ultrasonically induced degradation of microcystin-LR and -RR: Identification of products, effect of pH, formation and destruction of peroxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-TREATMENT; CYANOBACTERIAL HEPATOTOXINS; PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; REMOVAL; FENTON; TOXIN; DETOXIFICATION; ISOMERIZATION; STABILITY AB Microcystins ( MCs) are a family of toxic peptides produced by a number of cyanobacteria commonly found in lakes, water reservoirs, and recreational facilities. The increased eutrophication of freshwater supplies has led to an increase in the incidence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and concerns over the public health implications of these toxins in the water supply. Conventional water treatment methods are ineffective at removing low concentrations of cyanotoxins, hence specialized treatment is usually recommended for treatment of contaminated water. In this study, the products of ultrasonically induced degradation of microcystin-LR ( MC-LR) and microcystin-RR ( MC-RR) were analyzed by LC-MS to elucidate the probable pathways of degradation of these toxins. Results indicate preliminary products of sonolysis of MCs are due to the hydroxyl radical attack on the benzene ring and diene of the Adda peptide residue and cleavage of the Mdha-Ala peptide bond. The effect of pH on the toxin degradation was evaluated since the pH of the solution changes upon ultrasonic irradiation and varies with the water quality of treatable waters. The initial rate of MC-LR degradation is greater at acidic pH and coincides with the change in hydrophobic character of MC-LR as a function of pH. Hydrogen and organic peroxides are formed during ultrasonic irradiation, but can be eliminated by adding Fe( II). The addition of Fe( II) also accelerates the degradation of MC-LR, presumably by promoting the formation of hydroxyl radicals via conversion of ultrasonically produced H2O2. These findings suggest that sonolysis can effectively degrade MCs in drinking water. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP O'Shea, KE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM osheak@fiu.edu RI Song, Weihua/B-6931-2011 OI Song, Weihua/0000-0001-7633-7919 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [S11 ES011181, S11 ES011181-04, S11 ES011181-049001, S11 ES011181-05, S11 ES011181-059001, S11ES11181] NR 26 TC 74 Z9 88 U1 6 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3941 EP 3946 DI 10.1021/es0521730 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052FJ UT WOS:000238217200045 PM 16830565 ER PT J AU Hager-Braun, C Katinger, H Tomer, KB AF Hager-Braun, Christine Katinger, Hermann Tomer, Kenneth B. TI The HIV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 4E10 recognizes N-terminal sequences on the native antigen SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; GP41 TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MEDIATED MEMBRANE-FUSION; PROXIMAL EXTERNAL REGION; TRYPTOPHAN-RICH REGION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-FUSION; PEPTIDE AB Characterization of the epitope recognized by the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV Ab 4E10 has, heretofore, focused on a linear sequence from the gp4l pretransmembrane region (PTMR). Attempts to generate neutralizing Abs based on this linear epitope sequence have been unsuccessful. We have characterized the antigenic determinants on recombinant glycosylated full-length Ags, and nonglycosylated and truncated Ags recognized by 4E10 using epitope extraction and excision assays in conjunction with MALDI mass spectrometry. The mAb recognized the peptides (34)LWVTVYYGVPVWK(46) and (512)AVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGST MGAASMTLTVQAR(542) located at the N-terminal region of gp120 and gp4l, respectively. Immunoassays verified AV(L/M)FL GFLGAA as the gp4l epitope core. Recognition of the peptide from the gp4l PTMR was detected only in constructs in which the N termini of the mature envelope proteins were missing. In this region, the epitope core is located in the sequence (672)WFDIT NWLWY(681). We hypothesize that the hydrophobic surface of the paratope functions as a "trap" for the viral sequences, which are responsible for insertion into the host cell membrane. As the N-terminal region of gp120, the fusogenic peptide of gp41, and the PTMR of gp4l show high sequence homology among various HIV strains, this model is consistent with the, broadly neutralizing capabilities of 4E10. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Inst Appl Microbiol, Vienna, Austria. RP Hager-Braun, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM christine_hager-braun@ncsu.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 12 BP 7471 EP 7481 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 050QA UT WOS:000238101800039 PM 16751393 ER PT J AU Vazquez, ME Blanco, JB Salvadori, S Trapella, C Argazzi, R Bryant, SD Jinsmaa, Y Lazarus, LH Negri, L Giannini, E Lattanzi, R Colucci, M Balboni, G AF Vazquez, M. Eugenio Blanco, Juan B. Salvadori, Severo Trapella, Claudio Argazzi, Roberto Bryant, Sharon D. Jinsmaa, Yunden Lazarus, Lawrence H. Negri, Lucia Giannini, Elisa Lattanzi, Roberta Colucci, Mariantonella Balboni, Gianfranco TI 6-N,N-dimethylamino-2,3-naphthalimide: A new environment-sensitive fluorescent probe in delta- and mu-selective opioid peptides SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DMT-TIC PHARMACOPHORE; LIVING CELLS; AMINO-ACID; OPIATE RECEPTOR; HIGH-AFFINITY; POTENT; ANALOGS; ANTAGONISM; AGONISTS; BINDING AB new environment-sensitive fluorophore, 6-N,N-(dimethylamino)-2,3-naphthalimide (6DMN) was introduced in the delta-selective opioid peptide agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-NH2 and in the mu-selective opioid peptide agonist endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2). Environment-sensitive fluorophores are a special class of chromophores that generally exhibit a low quantum yield in aqueous solution but become highly fluorescent in nonpolar solvents or when bound to hydrophobic sites in proteins or membranes. New fluorescent delta-selective irreversible antagonists (H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-NH-(CH2)(5)-CO-Dap(6DMN)-NH2 (1) and H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-Dap(6DMN)-NH2 ( 2)) were identified as potential fluorescent probes showing good properties for use in studies of distribution and internalization of delta receptors by confocal laser scanning microscopy. C1 Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Santiago de Compostela, CSIC, Dept Quim Organ, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, CSIC, Unidad Asociada, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. Univ Ferrara, Dept Chem, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Human Physiol & Pharmacol Vittorio Erspamer, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. RP Balboni, G (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM gbalboni@unica.it RI Vazquez, M. Eugenio/D-4083-2012; Trapella, Claudio/I-2128-2012; Argazzi, Roberto/C-4819-2015; OI Vazquez, M. Eugenio/0000-0001-7500-985X; Trapella, Claudio/0000-0002-6666-143X; Argazzi, Roberto/0000-0002-2619-6860; LATTANZI, Roberta/0000-0002-6377-9256 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090053-18] NR 42 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 12 BP 3653 EP 3658 DI 10.1021/jm060343t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 050UR UT WOS:000238114700026 PM 16759107 ER PT J AU Lu, FH AF Lu, Feng H. TI Lithofacies and water-body record of Messinian evaporites in Nijar Basin, SE Spain SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evaporite; water depth; Nijar Basin; Messinian salinity crisis; Mediterranean ID MEDITERRANEAN SALINITY CRISIS; MIXED EVAPORATIVE BRINES; ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE; DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; STRONTIUM GEOCHEMISTRY; SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN; MIDDLE MIOCENE; GYPSUM; STRATIGRAPHY; FOREDEEP AB The depositional lithofacies and fabrics of Messinian evaporites have been Studied to evaluate the palaeodepth of water body in Nijar Basin, SE Spain. The Nijar Messinian strata consist of three formations: Abad marls, Yesares evapontes, and Feos rocks. Gypsum deposits dominate the Yesares Formation and the basal Feos Formation. Six gypsum lithofacies have been identified including coarse twinned selenite, grass-like selenite, hemiradial to radial selenite, turbidite selenite in the Yesares Formation; and gypsum conglomerate, laminated gypsum, and hemiradial to radial selenite in the Feos Formation. The size of Yesares selenites decreases upward while carbonate content and trace-element abundance increase in each selenite bed and the whole formation, suggesting a shallowing-up sequence. These gypsum lithofacies were deposited in subaqueous environments commonly at 1030 m and occasionally up to 100 m or deeper for the turbiditic selenites based on the interpretations of gypsum fabrics, marl intervals, basin configuration, and geochemistry. The sea level of Nijar Basin experienced two major drops with a magnitude of similar to 40 m before and after the deposition of Yesares evaporites. However, the basin was never desiccated during the evaporite deposition and the change of sea level for the alternative deposition of gypsum beds and marl intervals was commonly around 50-80 m, probably resulting from the glacio-eustacy fluctuations. Feos gypsum reflects another evaporative event and is correlated to the "Upper Evaporite" while the Yesares selenite is correlated to the "Lower Evaporite" based on the interpretations of lithofacies, geochemistry, and sealevel change. As seawater in Nijar Basin was continuously supplied by the central Mediterranean basins and remained in subaqueous conditions during the Messinian salinity crisis, therefore, the desiccation theory needs to be reexamined. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Groundwater & Ecosyst Res Ctr, Stable Isotope Shaw Environm, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lu, FH (reprint author), US EPA, Groundwater & Ecosyst Res Ctr, Stable Isotope Shaw Environm, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM lu.feng@epa.gov NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 188 SI SI BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.03.001 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 059NZ UT WOS:000238740800006 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Schultz, IR Fitzsimmons, PN AF Nichols, JW Schultz, IR Fitzsimmons, PN TI In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of quantitative hepatic biotransformation data for fish - I. A review of methods, and strategies for incorporating intrinsic clearance estimates into chemical kinetic models SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fish; biotransformation; intrinsic clearance; kinetic models ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SUBSTRATE DEPLETION APPROACH; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; RAT-LIVER SLICES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; DRUG-METABOLISM; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Scientists studying mammals have developed a stepwise approach to predict in vivo hepatic clearance from measurements of in vitro hepatic biotransformation. The resulting clearance estimates have been used to screen drug candidates, investigate idiosyncratic drug responses, and support chemical risk assessments. In this report, we review these methods, discuss their potential application to studies with fish, and describe how extrapolated values could be incorporated into well-known compartmental kinetic models. Empirical equations that relate extrapolation factors to chemical log K., are given to facilitate the incorporation of metabolism data into bioconcentration and bioaccumulation models. Because they explicitly incorporate the concept of clearance, compartmental clearance-volume models are particularly well suited for incorporating hepatic clearance estimates. The manner in which these clearance values are incorporated into a given model depends, however, on the measurement frame of reference. Procedures for the incorporation of in vitro biotransformation data into physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models are also described. Unlike most compartmental models, PBTK models are developed to describe the effects of metabolism in the tissue where it occurs. In addition, PBTK models are well suited to modeling metabolism in more than one tissue. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 102 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 1 BP 74 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.017 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 048YV UT WOS:000237983400010 PM 16513189 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Villeneuve, DL AF Ankley, GT Villeneuve, DL TI The fathead minnow in aquatic toxicology: Past, present and future SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fish; toxicity testing; regulation; review ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS RAFINESQUE; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ASSESSING CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; EARLY LIFE-STAGES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ACUTE TOXICITY; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB This paper reviews the roles of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a small fish model in the field of aquatic toxicology. The species has been (and is) extensively used both for regulatory testing and research, especially in North America. For example, tests with the fathead minnow, ranging from 48-h lethality through partial and full life-cycle assays, are routinely used for regulatory programs aimed at assessing potential risks of new chemicals such as high-production volume materials and pesticides, as well as impacts of complex mixtures like effluents. The species also has been used for a wide variety of research applications focused on topics like the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship models, mixture toxicity, extrapolation of the effects of chemicals across species, and understanding the results of laboratory assays relative to impacts in the field. Attributes of the fathead minnow also make it an excellent model for addressing new challenges in aquatic toxicology, including identification of sensitive life-stages/endpoints for chemicals with differing modes/mechanisms of action, predicting population-level effects based on data collected from lower levels of biological organization, and exploring/understanding the emerging role of genomics in research and regulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 111 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.018 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 048YV UT WOS:000237983400011 PM 16494955 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Suarez, J Hu, Y McDonough, PM Boer, C Dix, DJ Dillmann, WH AF Kim, YK Suarez, J Hu, Y McDonough, PM Boer, C Dix, DJ Dillmann, WH TI Deletion of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein genes in mice impairs cardiac contractile function and calcium handling associated with hypertrophy SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE calcium; contractility; hypertrophy; ischemia; myocytes ID JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; IN-VIVO; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CELL-GROWTH; RAT HEARTS; EXPRESSION; ISCHEMIA; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70; PROTECTION; INCREASES AB Background - Hspa1a and Hspa1b genes encode stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) that protect cells from insults such as ischemia. Mice with null mutations of both genes (KO) were generated, and their cardiac phenotype was explored. Methods and Results - Heart rate and blood pressures were normal in the KO mice. Hearts from KO mice were more susceptible to both functional and cellular damage by ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac hypertrophy developed in Hsp70-KO mice. Ca2+ transients in cardiomyocytes of KO mice showed a delayed (120%) calcium decline and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content. Cell shortening was decreased by 35%, and rates of contraction and relaxation were slower by 40%. These alterations can be attributed to the absence of Hsp70 because viral expression of Hsp70 in KO cultured cardiomyocytes restored these parameters. One mechanism underlying myocyte dysfunction could be decreased SERCA2a expression. This hypothesis was supported by a prolonged calcium decline and decreased SERCA2a protein. Viral SERCA2a expression restored contractility and Ca2+ transients. We examined the involvement of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), Raf-1, and extracellular signal - regulated kinase (ERK) in SERCA2a downregulation and the cardiac phenotype of KO mice. Levels of phosphorylated JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK were elevated in KO hearts. Activation of the Raf-1 - ERK pathway in normal cardiomyocytes resulted in decreased SERCA2a. Conclusions - Absence of Hsp70 leads to dysfunctional cardiomyocytes and impaired stress response of Hsp70-KO hearts against ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, deletion of Hsp70 genes might induce cardiac dysfunction and development of cardiac hypertrophy through the activation of JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dillmann, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, 5063 Basic Sci Bldg, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wdillmann@ucsd.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52946] NR 42 TC 60 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN 6 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 22 BP 2589 EP 2597 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.598409 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 049RE UT WOS:000238033400008 PM 16735677 ER PT J AU Huang, WC Umbach, DM Ohler, U Li, LP AF Huang, Weichun Umbach, David M. Ohler, Uwe Li, Leping TI Optimized mixed Markov models for motif identification SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; INFORMATION-CONTENT; GENE; SEQUENCES; DNA; MUTATIONS; SIGNALS; CHAINS AB Background: Identifying functional elements, such as transcriptional factor binding sites, is a fundamental step in reconstructing gene regulatory networks and remains a challenging issue, largely due to limited availability of training samples. Results: We introduce a novel and flexible model, the Optimized Mixture Markov model (OMiMa), and related methods to allow adjustment of model complexity for different motifs. In comparison with other leading methods, OMiMa can incorporate more than the NNSplice's pairwise dependencies; OMiMa avoids model over-fitting better than the Permuted Variable Length Markov Model (PVLMM); and OMiMa requires smaller training samples than the Maximum Entropy Model (MEM). Testing on both simulated and actual data ( regulatory cis-elements and splice sites), we found OMiMa's performance superior to the other leading methods in terms of prediction accuracy, required size of training data or computational time. Our OMiMa system, to our knowledge, is the only motif finding tool that incorporates automatic selection of the best model. OMiMa is freely available at [ 1]. Conclusion: Our optimized mixture of Markov models represents an alternative to the existing methods for modeling dependent structures within a biological motif. Our model is conceptually simple and effective, and can improve prediction accuracy and/or computational speed over other leading methods. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Huang, WC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM huang6@niehs.nih.gov; umbach@niehs.nih.gov; uwe.ohler@duke.edu; li3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 2 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 279 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-279 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 073IO UT WOS:000239736400001 PM 16749929 ER PT J AU Su, YX Sipin, MF Spencer, MT Qin, XY Moffet, RC Shields, LG Prather, KA Venkatachari, P Jeong, CH Kim, E Hopke, PK Gelein, RM Utell, MJ Oberdorster, G Berntsen, J Devlin, RB Chen, LC AF Su, YX Sipin, MF Spencer, MT Qin, XY Moffet, RC Shields, LG Prather, KA Venkatachari, P Jeong, CH Kim, E Hopke, PK Gelein, RM Utell, MJ Oberdorster, G Berntsen, J Devlin, RB Chen, LC TI Real-time characterization of the composition of individual particles emitted from ultrafine particle concentrators SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COARSE AMBIENT PARTICLES; ENRICHMENT SYSTEM VACES; SIMULTANEOUS IN-VIVO; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; TRANSITION-METALS; LUNG INJURY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AB Particle concentrators are commonly used for controlling exposure levels to ambient ultrafine, fine, and coarse aerosols over a broad range of concentrations. For ultrafine aerosols, these concentrators require water condensation technology to grow and enrich these smaller sized particles (D-a < 100 nm). Because the chemistry of the particles is directly related to their toxicity, any changes induced by ultrafine concentrators on ambient particles need to be better characterized in order to fully understand the results obtained in health exposure studies. Using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), the size-resolved chemistry was measured of concentrated ultrafine and accumulation mode (50-300 nm) particles from several particle concentrators with different designs. This is the first report detailing the size-resolved distributions of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) particles sampled from concentrators. Experimental measurements of the single particle mixing state of particles in concentrated versus non-concentrated ambient air show transformations of ultrafine EC particles occur as they become coated with organic carbon (OC) species during the concentration process. Based on relative ion intensities, concentrated ultrafine particles showed a 30% increase in the amount of OC on the EC particles for the same aerodynamic size. An increase in the number fraction of aromatic- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing particles was also observed in both the ultrafine and fine size modes. The most likely explanation for such changes is gas-to-particle partitioning of organic components (e.g., water-soluble organic compounds) from the high volume of air used in the concentrator into aqueous phase ultrafine and fine aqueous particles created during the particle enrichment process. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. US EPA, TRC Environm, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008; OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661; Jeong, Cheol-Heon/0000-0001-6000-2823 NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 437 EP 455 DI 10.1080/02786820600660887 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036IM UT WOS:000237064800006 ER PT J AU Chen, A Dietrich, K Radcliffe, J Rogan, WJ AF Chen, A. Dietrich, K. Radcliffe, J. Rogan, W. J. TI Lead exposure and behavior in urban 7 year olds: Does lead affect behavior through IQ? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900070 ER PT J AU Forssen, UM Herring, AH Savitz, DA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Singer, PC Murphy, PA Wright, JM AF Forssen, U. M. Herring, A. H. Savitz, D. A. Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. Singer, P. C. Murphy, P. A. Wright, J. M. TI Changes in water intake and use during pregnancy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900121 ER PT J AU MacLehose, RF Dunson, DB Herring, AH Kaufman, JS Hartmann, KE Poole, C Savitz, DA AF MacLehose, R. F. Dunson, D. B. Herring, A. H. Kaufman, J. S. Hartmann, K. E. Poole, C. Savitz, D. A. TI Bayesian methods for highly correlated data: An application to disinfection by-products and spontaneous abortion. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S227 EP S227 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901384 ER PT J AU Longley, MJ Clark, S Man, CYW Hudson, G Durham, SE Taylor, RW Nightingale, S Turnbull, DM Copeland, WC Chinnery, PF AF Longley, Matthew J. Clark, Susanna Man, Cynthia Yu Wai Hudson, Gavin Durham, Steve E. Taylor, Robert W. Nightingale, Simon Turnbull, Douglass M. Copeland, William C. Chinnery, Patrick F. TI Mutant POLG2 disrupts DNA polymerase gamma subunits and causes progressive external ophthalmoplegia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; ALPERS-SYNDROME; AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT; MUTATIONS; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; DEPLETION; DELETIONS; MUSCLE AB DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma) is required to maintain the genetic integrity of the 16,569-bp human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Mutation of the nuclear gene for the catalytic subunit of pol gamma (POLG) has been linked to a wide range of mitochondrial diseases involving mutation, deletion, and depletion of mtDNA. We describe a heterozygous dominant mutation (c.1352G -> A/p.G451E) in POLG2, the gene encoding the p55 accessory subunit of pol gamma, that causes progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mtDNA deletions and cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-deficient muscle fibers. Biochemical characterization of purified, recombinant G451E-substituted p55 protein in vitro revealed incomplete stimulation of the catalytic subunit due to compromised subunit interaction. Although G451E p55 retains a wild-type ability to bind DNA, it fails to enhance the DNA-binding strength of the p140-p55 complex. In vivo, the disease most likely arises through haplotype insufficiency or heterodimerization of the mutated and wild-type proteins, which promote mtDNA deletions by stalling the DNA replication fork. The progressive accumulation of mtDNA deletions causes COX deficiency in muscle fibers and results in the clinical phenotype. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Mitochondrial Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Human Genet, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Royal Shrewsbury Hosp, Shrewsbury, Salop, England. RP Chinnery, PF (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Mitochondrial Res Grp, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM P.F.Chinnery@ncl.ac.uk RI Hudson, Gavin/E-7117-2017 FU Intramural NIH HHS; Wellcome Trust [074454] NR 26 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1026 EP 1034 DI 10.1086/504303 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 042TZ UT WOS:000237553800011 PM 16685652 ER PT J AU Ciencewicki, J Brighton, L Wu, WD Madden, M Jaspers, I AF Ciencewicki, J Brighton, L Wu, WD Madden, M Jaspers, I TI Diesel exhaust enhances virus- and poly(I : C)-induced Toll-like receptor 3 expression and signaling in respiratory epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epithelial cells; Toll-like receptors; in vitro; respiratory virus ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; DENDRITIC CELLS; AIR-POLLUTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; ENGINE EMISSIONS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Prior exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to an aqueous-trapped solution of diesel exhaust (DEas) enhances the susceptibility to influenza infections. Here, we examined the effect of DEas on the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway, which is responsible for the recognition of and response to viruses and double-stranded RNA. Flow cytometric and confocal microscopy analyses showed that TLR3 is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells. To examine the effect of DE on TLR3 expression and function, differentiated human bronchial or nasal epithelial cells as well as A549 cells were exposed to DEas and then infected with influenza A or treated with polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a synthetic form of double-stranded RNA. Exposure to DEas before infection with influenza or stimulation with poly(I:C) significantly upregulated the expression of TLR3. Additionally, preexposure to DEas significantly increased the poly(I:C)-induced expression of IL-6. Overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant form of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 reversed the effects of DEas on poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 expression, suggesting that the response was TLR3 dependent. Similarly, preexposure to DEas significantly increased nuclear levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 and the expression of IFN-beta in response to poly(I:C). Pretreatment with wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, was able to abate the effect of DEas on poly(I:C)-induced IFN-beta expression. Together, these results indicate that exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to DEas could potentially alter the response to viral infections by increasing the expression and function of TLR3. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jaspers, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 013611] NR 63 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP L1154 EP L1163 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00318.2005 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 040VG UT WOS:000237408200014 PM 16399790 ER PT J AU Mutlu, GM Snyder, C Bellmeyer, A Wang, H Hawkins, K Soberanes, S Welch, LC Ghio, AJ Chandel, NS Kamp, D Sznajder, JI Budinger, GRS AF Mutlu, GM Snyder, C Bellmeyer, A Wang, H Hawkins, K Soberanes, S Welch, LC Ghio, AJ Chandel, NS Kamp, D Sznajder, JI Budinger, GRS TI Airborne particulate matter inhibits alveolar fluid reabsorption in mice via oxidant generation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; lung injury; Na,K-ATPase; pollution; ROS ID EXHAUST PARTICLE CHEMICALS; LUNG LIQUID CLEARANCE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EDEMA-CLEARANCE; NA+ TRANSPORT; FREE-RADICALS; MORTALITY AB Ambient particulate matter is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to human cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. We sought to determine whether exposure to ambient particulate matter would alter alveolar fluid clearance in mice. Mice were exposed to a range of doses of a well-characterized particulate matter collected from the ambient air in Dusseldorf, Germany through a single intratracheal instillation, and alveolar fluid clearance and measurements of lung injury were made. Exposure to even very low doses of particulate matter (110 mu g) resulted in a significant reduction in alveolar fluid clearance that was maximal 24 h after the exposure, with complete resolution after 7 d. This was paralleled by a decrease in lung Na,K-ATPase activity. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, we measured plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase abundance in A549 cells and Na,K-ATPase activity in primary rat alveolar type 11 cells after exposure to particulate matter in the presence or abscence of the combined superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic EUK-134 (5 mu M). Membrane but not total protein abundance of the Na,K-ATPase was decreased after exposure to particulate matter, as was Na, K-ATPase activity. This decrease was prevented by the combined superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-134. The intratracheal instillation of particulate matter results in alveolar epithelial injury and decreased alveolar fluid clearance, conceivably due to downregulation of the Na,K-ATPase. C1 Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Budinger, GRS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 303 E Chicago Ave,Tarry 14-707, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-buding@northwestern.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL067835, HL071643, HL48129, HL076139] NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0329OC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 048QT UT WOS:000237962300007 PM 16439801 ER PT J AU Walker, JKL Ahumada, A Frank, B Gaspard, R Berman, K Quackenbush, J Schwartz, DA AF Walker, JKL Ahumada, A Frank, B Gaspard, R Berman, K Quackenbush, J Schwartz, DA TI Multistrain genetic comparisons reveal CCR5 as a receptor involved in airway hyperresponsiveness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway hyperresponsiveness; asthma; CCR5; microarray; multistrain ID MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN; INFLAMMATION; CHEMOKINES; ASTHMA; ACTIVATION; DISEASE; LIGASES AB Asthma is a ubiquitous disease with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. To better understand the complex genetic and environmental interactions underlying asthma, we compared the gene-gene interactions of four genetically distinct mouse strains that demonstrate biologically distinct responses to allergen. Using DNA microarrays and knock-out mouse studies, we showed that CCR5 plays a definitive role in the development of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammatory disease. In addition, gene expression profiling data have revealed other potential novel targets for therapeutics-based research and has enhanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of "asthma." C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Walker, JKL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM walke082@mc.duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL66580-01] NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0314OC PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 048QT UT WOS:000237962300012 PM 16474097 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Santo Domingo, JW Lamendella, R Kelty, CA Graham, JE AF Shanks, OC Santo Domingo, JW Lamendella, R Kelty, CA Graham, JE TI Competitive metagenomic DNA hybridization identifies host-specific microbial genetic markers in cow fecal samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SOURCE-TRACKING; BACTEROIDES; POLLUTION; BACTERIA; PCR; DIVERSITY; CLONING; PROBES AB Several PCR methods have recently been developed to identify fecal contamination in surface waters. In all cases, researchers have relied on one gene or one microorganism for selection of host-specific markers. Here we describe the application of a genome fragment enrichment (GFE) method to identify host-specific genetic markers from fecal microbial community DNA. As a proof of concept, bovine fecal DNA was challenged against a porcine fecal DNA background to select for bovine-specific DNA sequences. Bioinformatic analyses of 380 bovine enriched metagenomic sequences indicated a preponderance of Bacteroidales-like regions predicted to encode membrane-associated and secreted proteins. Oligonucleotide primers capable of annealing to select Bacteroidales-like bovine GFE sequences exhibited extremely high specificity (> 99%) in PCR assays with total fecal DNAs from 279 different animal sources. These primers also demonstrated a broad distribution of corresponding genetic markers (81% positive) among 148 different bovine sources. These data demonstrate that direct metagenomic DNA analysis by the competitive solution hybridization approach described is an efficient method for identifying potentially useful fecal genetic markers and for characterizing differences between environmental microbial communities. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 39 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4054 EP 4060 DI 10.1128/AEM.00023-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100032 PM 16751515 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Bois, RY AF Chiu, WA Bois, RY TI Revisiting the population toxicokinetics of tetrachloroethylene SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HUMANS; RATS; MICE C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques, Unite Toxicol Expt, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 6 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s00204-006-0061-9 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 042BE UT WOS:000237501300011 PM 16474962 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Bois, FY AF Chiu, WA Bois, FY TI Revisiting the population toxicokinetics of tetrachloroethylene (vol 80, pg 305, 2006) SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques, Unite Toxicol Expt, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 6 BP 386 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s00204-006-0107-z PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 042BE UT WOS:000237501300012 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Quayle, B Geron, C Belote, A McKenzie, D Zhang, XY O'Neill, S Wynne, KK AF Wiedinmyer, Christine Quayle, Brad Geron, Chris Belote, Angle McKenzie, Don Zhang, Xiaoyang O'Neill, Susan Wynne, Kristina Klos TI Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fires; emissions; North America; carbon monoxide; particulate matter; agricultural fires ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CARBON; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; WILDFIRES; AEROSOLS; SURFACE AB Fires contribute substantial emissions of trace gases and particles to the atmosphere. These emissions can impact air quality and even climate. We have developed a modeling framework to estimate the emissions from fires in North and parts of Central America (10-71 degrees N and 55-175 degrees W) by taking advantage of a combination of complementary satellite and ground-based data to refine estimates of fuel loadings. Various satellite drivers, including the MODIS Thermal Anomalies Product, the Global Land Cover Characteristics 2000 dataset, and the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Product were used in conjunction with data mined from literature to determine fire location and timing, fuel loadings, and emission factors. Daily emissions of particulate matter and numerous trace gases from fires were estimated using this method for three years (2002-2004). Annual emission estimates differ by as much as a factor of 2 (CO emissions for North America ranged from 22.6 to 39.5 Tg yr(-1)). Regional variations in emissions correspond to different tire seasons within the region. For example, the highest emissions from Central America and Mexico occur in the late spring whereas the highest emissions from the United States and Canada occur during the summer months. Comparisons of these results with other published estimates of CO emission estimates from fire show reasonable agreement, but substantial uncertainties remain in the estimation techniques. We suggest methods whereby future emissions models can reduce these uncertainties. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USFS Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USFS Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. USDA, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Dolk, Shaun/B-5656-2012; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 42 TC 166 Z9 176 U1 8 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 3419 EP 3432 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056EP UT WOS:000238504400001 ER PT J AU Smith, L Mukerjee, S Gonzales, M Stallings, C Neas, L Norris, G Ozkaynak, H AF Smith, L Mukerjee, S Gonzales, M Stallings, C Neas, L Norris, G Ozkaynak, H TI Use of GIS and ancillary variables compound and nitrogen dioxide to predict volatile organic levels at unmonitored locations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; GIS; spatial analysis; generalized additive models (GAM); traffic ID DEL-NORTE OZONE; AIR-POLLUTION; ORDERED ALTERNATIVES; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; MAJOR HIGHWAY; EL-PASO; POLLUTANTS; REGRESSION; PARTICLES AB In late 1999, passive air sampling of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds was conducted at 22 school locations and two intensive sites in El Paso, Texas. Our goal was to predict concentrations of NO2 and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m,p-xylene at a total of 55 schools. The predictive equations were developed by regressing the passive monitor measurements at the 22 monitored schools on land-use variables derived from a geographic information system (GIS). These GIS-based ancillary variables included distance to the nearest border crossing, elevation, population density, distance to roads with specified traffic volumes, traffic intensity around the schools, and distance to the nearest petroleum facility. The reliability of the predictive equations was assessed at the two intensive monitoring sites. For all pollutants, the most useful predictive ancillary variables were elevation, population density, distance to a border crossing, and distance to a petroleum facility. For estimating NO2, traffic intensity was also important. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E205-2, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3773 EP 3787 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.036 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057ID UT WOS:000238588600013 ER PT J AU Zhao, WX Hopke, PK Norris, G Williams, R Paatero, P AF Zhao, WX Hopke, PK Norris, G Williams, R Paatero, P TI Source apportionment and analysis on ambient and personal exposure samples with a combined receptor model and an adaptive blank estimation strategy SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE combined receptor model; source apportionment; exposure analysis; blank estimation ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MASS CONCENTRATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTION; INDOOR; OUTDOOR AB The objective of this study is to characterize the airborne particle sources that are common to four different environments (personal, residential indoor, residential outdoor and ambient) and to study the relationships between PM2.5 exposure and emission sources. Twenty-four hour integrated filter samples were collected on 7 days in each of 4 seasons from June 2000 to May 2001 for 38 individuals in four different type of environments in Raleigh and Chapel Hill, NC. An expanded receptor model (since different environments were analyzed simultaneously, it was also called combined model) was established for this study. The organic carbon (OC) and the first component of OC (OC1) measurements were not blank corrected in this study, so an adaptive blank estimation process was integrated into the combined receptor model and the best OC and OC I blank values were estimated while the source profiles were being extracted. Four external sources (motor vehicle emission, soil, secondary sulfate, and secondary nitrate) and four internal sources (environmental tobacco smoking and its mixture, personal care/activity, Cu-factor mixed with indoor soil, and cooking) were resolved. The contributions of each source to the different environments were estimated. The contribution of external sources to the composition of personal and indoor samples, and various infiltration factors were also discussed. This study also provided a novel method for blank value estimation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3788 EP 3801 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057ID UT WOS:000238588600014 ER PT J AU Teng, CT AF Teng, Christina T. TI Factors regulating lactoferrin gene expression SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP A O C E Inst, Belgo Milk, DMV Int, Fonterra, Four Leaf Japan Co Ltd, Jarow Formulas, Mead Johnson Nutr, MG Nutr, Morinaga Milk Co, NRL Pharma, Pharming, Ventria Biosci, Wyeth-Ayerst Int DE lactoferrin; regulation; transcription factors; nuclear receptors ID CCAAT DISPLACEMENT PROTEIN; ESTROGEN RESPONSE ELEMENT; C/EBP-EPSILON; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; RETINOIC ACID; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; BINDING PROTEINS; MAMMARY-GLAND AB Regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors and transcription factors involves the concerted action of multiple proteins. The process of transcriptional activation involves chromatin modification, nuclear receptor or transcription factor binding to the response element of the promoter, and coregulator recruitment. Despite advances in knowledge pertaining to the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation overall, there is very limited information available on the molecular mechanism of lactoferrin gene regulation. This review will outline novel information relating to general gene regulation and will discuss the current understanding of the regulation of lactoferrin gene expression by nuclear receptors and transcription factors. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Teng, CT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,E2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM teng1@niehs.nih.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1139/006-034 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 077TB UT WOS:000240052000001 PM 16936795 ER PT J AU Teng, CT Gladwell, W AF Teng, Christina T. Gladwell, Wesley TI Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human lactoferrin gene SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP A O C E Inst, Belgo Milk, DMV Int, Fonterra, Four Leaf Japan Co Ltd, Jarow Formulas, Mead Johnson Nutr, MG Nutr, Morinaga Milk Co, NRL Pharma, Pharming, Ventria Biosci, Wyeth-Ayerst Int DE lactoferrin gene; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID PERIODONTITIS AB The lactoferrin protein possesses antimicrobial and antiviral activities. It is also involved in the modulation of the immune response. In a normal healthy individual, lactoferrin plays a role in the front-line host defense against infection and in immune and inflammatory responses. Whether genomic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have an effect on the structure and function of lactoferrin protein and whether these variations contribute to the different susceptibility of individuals in response to environmental insults are interesting health-related issues. In this study, the lactoferrin gene was resequenced as part of the Environmental Genome Project of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, which operates within the National Institutes of Health. Ninety-one healthy donors of different ethnicities were used to establish common SNPs in the exons of the lactoferrin gene in the general population. The data will serve as a basis from which study the association of lactoferrin polymorphism and disease. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Teng, CT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM teng1@niehs.nih.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1139/006-035 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 077TB UT WOS:000240052000017 PM 16936811 ER PT J AU Cai, B Dunson, DB AF Cai, B Dunson, DB TI Bayesian covariance selection in generalized linear mixed models SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayes factor; latent variables; marginal likelihood; MCMC algorithm; random effects; stochastic search; Taylor series; variable selection ID HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; VARIABLE SELECTION; LONGITUDINAL DATA; COMPONENT; HOMOGENEITY; INFERENCE; MATRICES; TESTS AB The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), which extends the generalized linear model (GLM) to incorporate random effects characterizing heterogeneity among subjects, is widely used in analyzing correlated and longitudinal data. Although there is often interest in identifying the subset of predictors that have random effects, random effects selection can be challenging, particularly when outcome distributions are nonnormal. This article proposes a fully Bayesian approach to the problem of simultaneous selection of fixed and random effects in GLMMs. Integrating out the random effects induces a covariance structure on the multivariate outcome data, and an important problem that we also consider is that of covariance selection. Our approach relies on variable selection-type mixture priors for the components in a special Cholesky decomposition of the random effects covariance. A stochastic search MCMC algorithm is developed, which relies on Gibbs sampling, with Taylor series expansions used to approximate intractable integrals. Simulated data examples are presented for different exponential family distributions, and the approach is applied to discrete survival data from a time-to-pregnancy study. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cai, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, MD A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cai@niehs.nih.gov NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 446 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00499.x PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 054NP UT WOS:000238384500013 PM 16918908 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Dunson, DB AF Chen, Z Dunson, DB TI Untitled - Reply SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19401 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19401 USA. EM dunson1@niehs.nih.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 623 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00586_2.x PG 2 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 054NP UT WOS:000238384500034 ER PT J AU Jahnke, GD Price, CJ Marr, MC Myers, CB George, JD AF Jahnke, GD Price, CJ Marr, MC Myers, CB George, JD TI Developmental toxicity evaluation of berberine in rats and mice SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE berberine; development; birth defects; rats; mice; pregnancy; herbal remedy ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANESTHESIA; SULFATE AB BACKGROUND: Berberine, a plant alkaloid, is found in some herbal teas and health-related products. It is a component of goldenseal, an herbal supplement. Berberine chloride dihydrate (BCD) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in rats and mice. METHODS: Berberine chloride dihydrate was administered in the feed to timed-mated Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats (0, 3625, 7250, or 14,500 ppm; on gestational days [GD] 6-20), and Swiss Albino (CD-1) mice (0, 3500, 5250, or 7000 ppm; on GD 6-17). Ingested doses were 0, 282, 531, and 1313 mg/kg/day (rats) and 0, 569, 841, and 1155 mg/kg/day (mice). RESULTS: There were no maternal deaths. The rat maternal lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL), based on reduced maternal weight gain, was 7250 ppm. The rat developmental toxicity LOAEL, based on reduced fetal body weight per litter, was 14,500 ppm. In the mouse study, equivocal maternal and developmental toxicity LOAELs were 5250 ppm. Due to scattering of feed in the high dose groups, a gavage study at 1000 mg/kg/day was conducted in both species. CONCLUSIONS: In rats, maternal, but not fetal adverse effects were noted. The maternal toxicity LOAEL remained at 7250 ppm (531 mg/kg/day) based on the feed Study and the developmental toxicity NOAEL was raised to 1000 mg/kg/day BCD based on the gavage study. In the mouse, 33% of the treated females died. Surviving animals had increased relative water intake, and average fetal body weight per litter decreased 5-6% with no change in live litter size. The maternal toxicity LOAEL remained at 5250 ppm (841 mg/kg/day) BCD, based on increased water consumption. The developmental toxicity LOAEL was raised to 1000 mg/kg/day BCD based on decreased fetal body weight. C1 Sci Int Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jahnke, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, EC 32,POB 12233,Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jahnke@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-65405] NR 60 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20075 PG 12 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 059YJ UT WOS:000238767800001 PM 16634078 ER PT J AU Burke, DJ Martin, KJ Rygiewicz, PT Topa, MA AF Burke, David J. Martin, Kendall J. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Topa, Mary A. TI Relative abundance of ectomycorrhizas in a managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) genetics plantation as determined through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhiza; fertilization; Pinus taeda; TRFLP ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DNA EXTRACTS; ELEVATED CO2; DIVERSITY; SOIL; BIAS; HETEROGENEITY AB We examined the relationship between relative abundance of ectomycorrhizas in soil cores determined using morphotype tip counts and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Root tips were harvested from a total of 120 soil cores collected from six family plots in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetics plantation. Tips from each soil core were morphotyped based on physical characteristics, identified through TRFLP and sequence analysis, then pooled to reconstruct the ectomycorrhizal community within that core. The identity and relative abundance of specific ectomycorrhizas in each reconstructed community was then determined using TRFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene. Using TRFLP, we were able to detect 34 ectomycorrhizal phylotypes colonizing roots of loblolly pine. TRFLP peak area was an accurate approximation of the relative number of tips of each ectomycorrhizal type within a soil core. Relative abundance of each ectomycorrhiza as determined by TRFLP was used to describe their distribution in the pine plantation. Although there were no differences found in ectomycorrhizal richness and evenness among the six family plots, the two fertilized plots had generally lower levels of ectomycorrhizal richness and evenness as indicated by rank abundance curves. Our results suggest that TRFLP is a useful tool for describing the occurrence and distribution of ectomycorrhizas in environmental samples. C1 Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Burke, DJ (reprint author), Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Rd, Kirtland, OH 44094 USA. EM dburke@holdenarb.org NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 924 EP 932 DI 10.1139/B06-046 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 072ED UT WOS:000239654800005 ER PT J AU Claeson, SM Li, JL Compton, JE Bisson, PA AF Claeson, Shannon M. Li, Judith L. Compton, Jana E. Bisson, Peter A. TI Response of nutrients, biofilm, and benthic insects to salmon carcass addition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; STREAMS; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB Salmon carcass addition to streams is expected to increase stream productivity at multiple trophic levels. This study examined stream nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), epilithic biofilm (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a), leaf-litter decomposition, and macroinvertebrate (density and biomass) responses to carcass addition in three headwater streams of southwestern Washington State, USA. We used stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) to trace incorporation of salmon-derived (SD) nutrients into stream food webs. SD nutrients were assimilated by biofilm, benthic insects (Perlidae and Limnephilidae spp.), and age-1 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri). SD nutrients peaked similar to 2 weeks after carcass addition for insects and fish feeding on carcasses, but indirect uptake of SD nutrients by biofilm and insects was delayed by similar to 2 months. A strong stable isotope signal did not always correspond with measurable biological change. At reaches 10-50 m downstream from carcasses, ammonium concentration, leaf-litter decomposition, and benthic insect density all increased relative to upstream control sites. The strongest responses and greatest SD-nutrient uptake were observed 10 m from decomposing carcasses, with effects generally decreasing to undetectable levels 250 m downstream. Carcass addition to headwater streams can have a transient effect on primary and secondary trophic levels, but responses may be limited to specific taxa near carcass locations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Claeson, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM sclaeson@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1241 DI 10.1139/F06-029 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053DT UT WOS:000238285700004 ER PT J AU Xie, A Walker, NJ Wang, DS AF Xie, An Walker, Nigel J. Wang, Desuo TI Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) enhances triggered afterdepolarizations in rat ventricular myocytes SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TCDD; cardiac action potential; triggered activity; afterdepolarizations; transient outward current; ventricular arrhythmia AB The effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on action potential and afterdepolarizations were studied in rat ventricular myocytes using nystatin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique. TCDD treatment, in the concentration range of 1 to 100 nM, significantly prolonged action potential duration measured at 90% of repolarization (APD(90)). The triggered delayed-afterdepolarizations (DADs) were observed in 6 out of 8 cells after exposure of TCDD (10 nM). In the presence of isoproterenol (ISO, 10 nM) or Bay K 8644 (1 mu M), TCDD (10 nM) markedly augmented the amplitude and frequency of the arrhythmogenic DADs and triggered sustained spontaneous firings in ventricular myocytes. Voltage-clamp data indicated that TCDD (10 nM) exposure significantly enhanced the transient inward current (I(ti)). The triggered early-afterdepolarizations (EADs) were evoked only in cells simultaneously exposed to TCDD (10 nM) and ISO (or Bay K 8644). Further study indicated that TCDD treatment increased L-type Ca(2+) current. These results indicate that activation of TCDD signaling pathway can prolong action potential duration and cause abnormal triggered afterdepolarizations. These effects may lead to clinically relevant ventricular arrhythmia especially when susceptible individuals are under elevated sympathetic stress or suffering from other myocardiopathies coincided with Ca(2+)-overload. C1 [Xie, An; Wang, Desuo] Univ S Carolina, S Carolina Coll Pharm, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Walker, Nigel J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, DS (reprint author), 715 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM wang@cop.sc.edu RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES046004-21]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5 K22 ES00367, K22 ES000367] NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1385/CT:6:2:99 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA V44NR UT WOS:000203009900003 PM 17303918 ER PT J AU Li, T Tsuda, Y Minoura, K In, Y Ishida, T Lazarus, LH Okada, Y AF Li, Tingyou Tsuda, Yuko Minoura, Katsuhiko In, Yasuko Ishida, Toshimasa Lazarus, Lawrence H. Okada, Yoshio TI Enantioselective synthesis of a phenylalanine library containing alkyl groups on the aromatic moiety: Confirmation of stereostructure by X-ray analysis SO CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE phenylalanine analogue; asymmetrical hydrogenation; L-configuration; enzymatic digestion; X-ray analysis ID OPIOID RECEPTOR AFFINITY; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACIDS; ANALOGS; SELECTIVITY; DMP; DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES; RESIDUE; DESIGN AB Six phenylalanine analogues containing 2'-methyl-, 2',6'-dimethyl-, 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-, 2'-isopropyl-6'methyl-, 2',4',6'-trimethyl-, and 3',5'-dimethyl-L-phenylalanine were synthesized enantioselectively through asymmetric hydrogenation of acetamidoacrylate derivatives. Enzymatic digestion and X-ray analysis supported the L-configuration of the phenylalanine derivatives obtained. C1 Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Osaka Univ Pharmaceut Sci, Takatsuki, Osaka 5691094, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Okada, Y (reprint author), Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. EM okada@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0009-2363 J9 CHEM PHARM BULL JI Chem. Pharm. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1248/cpb.54.873 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 055SH UT WOS:000238470200021 PM 16755061 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, Y Okada, S Naito, H Nagai, T Yasuoka, A Matsumoto, I Abe, K AF Ishimaru, Y. Okada, S. Naito, H. Nagai, T. Yasuoka, A. Matsumoto, I. Abe, K. TI Two families of candidate taste receptors in fishes SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP A100 EP A100 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 059VZ UT WOS:000238761600355 ER PT J AU Prah, JD Mumford, J Li, Y Xia, Y Liu, Y Zhang, F Le, X AF Prah, J. D. Mumford, J. Li, Y. Xia, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, F. Le, X. TI The potential effect of ambient arsenic in drinking water on odor identification in an agricultural sample in inner Mongolia SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, MB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP A36 EP A36 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 059VZ UT WOS:000238761600132 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, PF Burnison, BK Garrison, AW Neheli, T Muir, DCG AF Hoekstra, Paul F. Burnison, B. Kent Garrison, A. Wayne Neheli, Tannis Muir, Derek C. G. TI Estrogenic activity of dicofol with the human estrogen receptor: Isomer- and enantiomer-specific implications SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chiral; dicofol; enantiomer; estrogen receptor; endocrine ID CHEMICALS; O,P'-DDT; IDENTIFICATION; PESTICIDES; ASSAY AB Dicofol is a non-systemic acaricide/miticide currently registered in the US and Canada for use on a wide variety of crops. This agrochemical has been identified as a potential candidate substance for the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE) Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) Protocol and implicated as a potential "endocrine disrupting compound". The technical product is usually synthesized from technical DDT and consists of approximately 80% and 20% of p,p'- and o,p'-dicofol isomers. The o,p'-substituted isomer of dicofol. is chiral and may have enantiomer-specific activity; however, the stereospecific activity of o,p'-dicofol has not been reported. In this study, we examined the isomer- and en antiomer-specific endocrine disruption potential of dicofol using yeast-based steroid hormone receptor gene transcription assay designed with the human estrogen receptor (hER). Estrogenic activity of (+)-17-beta estradiol (positive control), p,p'-dicofol, racemic o,p'-dicofol [(+/-)-o,p'-dicofol] and the individual op'-dicofol enantiomers was measured via quantification of beta-galactosidase. The (+/-)-o,p'- and p,p'-dicofol were weak estrogen mimics (EC50: 4.2 x 10(-6) and 1.6 x 10(-6) M, respectively) relative to estradiol (3.7 x 10(-10) M). For o,p'-dicofol, the beta-galactosidase induction by (-)-o,p'-dicofol (EC50: 5.1 x 10(-7) M) was greater than the racemic mixture. However, the (+)-o,p'-dicofol enantiomer was found to have negligible estrogenic activity. These data indicate that dicofol is a weak hER agonist due to activity of the achiral p,p'-isomer and (-)-o,p'-substituted enantiomer and emphasizes the influence of chemical structure and configuration on biological responses to exposure from chiral compounds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Syngenta Crop Protect Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 4Z3, Canada. Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hoekstra, PF (reprint author), Syngenta Crop Protect Canada, 140 Res Lane, Guelph, ON N1G 4Z3, Canada. EM paul.hoekstra@syngenta.com OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1 BP 174 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.043 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060JR UT WOS:000238799000022 PM 16337670 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Fang, Yuanxiang TI Influences of pH and current on electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene at a granular-graphite packed electrode SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE TCE; electrochemical remediation; granular graphite; current efficiency; current efficiency concentration coefficient ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CATALYTIC HYDRODECHLORINATION; CATHODES; SYSTEMS; WATER; METAL AB Electrolytic dechlorination using a granular-graphite packed cathode is an alternative method for the remediation of chlorinated organic compounds. Its effectiveness under various conditions needs experimental investigation. Dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) was conducted under various conditions in an electrolytic reactor with a platinum-gauze anode and a granular-graphite packed cathode. The higher the applied current, the more TCE was eliminated and more hydrogen and oxygen gasses were generated. Current efficiency decreased with a decrease in TCE concentration during each dechlorination experiment. But, the current efficiency concentration coefficient (CECC), which was defined as current efficiency divided by concentration, was a better indicator of current efficiency. The CECC was not significantly affected by current, but. it varied with pH value. The pH effects were results of the involvement of electrolytes in the proton reduction and the electron transfer at the cathode. A lower pH value favored TCE dechlorination in potassium chloride, which is an electrolyte that was not involved in cathode reactions with protons and electrons. In ammonium acetate and potassium nitrate, which involve proton reduction and/or electron transfer, the pH value affected TCE dechlorination through proton limitation and electron competition. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061LB UT WOS:000238872800016 PM 16384595 ER PT J AU Aronson, D Boethling, R Howard, P Stiteler, W AF Aronson, D Boethling, R Howard, P Stiteler, W TI Estimating biodegradation half-lives for use in chemical screening SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE environmental fate; BIOWIN (TM); EPI Suite (TM); fugacity models; high production volume (HPV) chemicals ID DEGRADATION; PCBS AB Biodegradation half-lives are needed for many applications in chemical screening, but these data are not available for most chemicals. To address this, in phase one of this work we correlated the much more abundant ready and inherent biodegradation test data with measured half-lives for water and soil. In phase two, we explored the utility of the BIOWIN (TM) models (in EPI Suite (TM)) and molecular fragments for predicting half-lives. BIOWIN (TM) model output was correlated directly with measured half-lives, and new models were developed by re-regressing the BIOWIN (TM) fragments against the half-lives. All of these approaches gave the best results when used for binary (fast/slow) classification of half-lives, with accuracy generally in the 70-80% range. In the last phase, we used the collected half-life data to examine the default half-lives assigned by EPI Suite (TM) and the PBT Profiler (TM) for use as input to their level III multimedia models. It is concluded that estimated half-lives should not be used for purposes other than binning or prioritizing chemicals unless accuracy improves significantly. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, Exposure Assessment Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Boethling, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boethling.bob@epa.gov NR 16 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1953 EP 1960 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.044 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056WY UT WOS:000238557000015 PM 16297427 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Bassett, MA Levin, D Montilla, T Ghio, AJ AF Huang, YCT Bassett, MA Levin, D Montilla, T Ghio, AJ TI Acute phase reaction in healthy volunteers after bronchoscopy with lavage SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; inflammation; inflammation mediators; interleukin ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; INFLAMMATION; SERUM; CYTOKINES; BLOOD AB Study objectives: Bronchoscopy with BAL is being used increasingly in the investigation of acute and chronic lung inflammation. The scope of the acute phase response induced by the procedure is not fully evaluated. The purpose of the study is to characterize the acute phase response induced by bronchoscopy with BAL. Design: Observational study. Setting: A human study research facility. Participants: Normal nonsmoking volunteers. Intervention: A total of 28 subjects were recruited. Under local anesthesia, the subjects underwent bronchoscopy with a videofiberoptic bronchoscope. One subsegment of the lingular segment of the left upper lobe and the right middle lobe were lavaged each with 170 to 270 mL of sterile normal saline solution. Measurements and results: CBC count, serum levels of indexes of iron homeostasis, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma mediators related to neutrophil migration and endothelial cell activation, including interleukin (IL)-8, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, and nitrite/nitrate, were measured. Measurements of these plasma markers were done immediately before, immediately after, and 24 h after bronchoscopy. Changes in acute phase response were detected primarily at 24 h after the procedure. WBCs, primarily neutrophils, increased by approximately 50%. Fibrinogen increased by 25% while CRP increased by more than sevenfold. Serum ferritin increased by 25% while serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation decreased, indicating dysregulation of iron homeostasis. There were no changes in IL-8, ACE, sICAM-1, or nitrite/nitrate plasma levels. Conclusions: Bronchoscopy with BAL induces a variety of acute phase responses that includes peripheral neutrophilia, dysregulation of iron homeostasis, and increased levels of fibrinogen and CRP. Human research that employs BAL may need to consider the biological effects induced by the procedure-related acute phase response. C1 USDA ARS, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 2006 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1569 DI 10.1378/chest.129.6.1565 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 054BA UT WOS:000238349300029 PM 16778276 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Richard, AM Cross, KP AF Yang, Chihae Richard, Ann M. Cross, Kevin P. TI The Art of Data Mining the Minefields of Toxicity Databases to Link Chemistry to Biology SO CURRENT COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics; chemoinformatics; database; data mining; informatics; linking chemistry to biology; predictive toxicology; QSAR; toxicity AB Toxicity databases have a special role in predictive toxicology, providing ready access to historical information throughout the workflow of discovery, development, and product safety processes in drug development as well as in review by regulatory agencies. To provide accurate information within a hypotheses-building environment, the content of the databases needs to be rigorously modeled using standards and controlled vocabulary. The utilitarian purposes of databases widely vary, ranging from a source for (Q)SAR datasets for modelers to a basis for "read-across" for regulators. Many tasks involved in the use of databases are closely tied to data mining, hence database and data mining are essential technology pairs. To understand chemically-induced toxicity, chemical structures must be integrated into the toxicity databases. Data mining these "structure-integrated toxicity databases" requires techniques for handling both chemical structures and textual toxicity information. Structure data mining is similar with some modifications to that conventionally employed for large chemical databases, while data mining of toxicity endpoints is not well developed. This review presents a general strategy to data mine structure-integrated toxicity databases to link chemical structures to biological endpoints. Iterative probing of the chemical domain with toxicity endpoint descriptors and the biological domain with chemical descriptors enables linking of the two domains. Data mining steps to elucidate the hidden relationships between the target organs and chemical classes are presented as an example. Work is in progress in the public domain toward the linking of chemistry to biology by providing databases that can be mined. C1 [Yang, Chihae; Cross, Kevin P.] Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Leadscope Inc, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. EM cyang@leadscope.com FU National Institute for Standards and Technology [70NANB4H3003] FX The authors thank FDA collaborators (Kirk Arividson, Dan Benz, Ed Matthews, Julie Mayer, Michelle Twaroski, Naomi Kruhlak, and Mitch Cheeseman) for their construction of the FDA CRADA databases. Authors also thank Chris Russom (EPA ECOTOX), Henrik Tyle (Danish EPA), Jochen Buschmann (Fraunhofer Institute), Florence Chang (TOXNET, NLM), Susan Kegley (PAN Pesticide, PANNA), Philip Judson (VITIC, Lhasa), and Yuki Sakuratani (NITE, Japan) for answering detailed questions about their databases. Development of ToxML database was funded by National Institute for Standards and Technology ATP grant (70NANB4H3003). NR 92 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4099 J9 CURR COMPUT-AID DRUG JI Curr. Comput.-Aided Drug Des. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.2174/157340906777441672 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Computer Science GA V17TH UT WOS:000207959000005 ER PT J AU Tang, A Ames, D McLaughlin, J Murugesh, G Plant, G Yashinsky, M Eskijian, M Surrampalli, R Murthy, PAK Prasad, M Gandhi, P AF Tang, Alex Ames, David McLaughlin, John Murugesh, Ganapathy Plant, Graham Yashinsky, Mark Eskijian, Martin Surrampalli, Rao Murthy, P. A. K. Prasad, M. Gandhi, Prathibha TI Coastal Indian lifelines after the 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Damage to the electric power system was confined to the distribution system, in particular to electric power poles that were downed by the tsunami. The power generation plants and substations were over 1 km inland and escaped damage. The telecommunication system performed well, and the postdisaster response was reasonably efficient, but inundation caused the shutdown of equipment. The major Tamil Nadu port, the Port of Chennai, performed well, and its seawalls reduced the tsunami impact. However, all the fish auction stations were damaged, thus affecting many villagers' livelihoods. The transportation system in the southern coast suffered heavy damage, and much of the infrastructure along the east coast was damaged. Most municipal water storage tanks remained intact. However, seawater contaminated wells and arable land, and the long-term environmental and ecological effects of this are unknown. C1 TCLEE ASCE, Mississauga, ON L5C 3G9, Canada. CalTrans, Sacramento, CA USA. ICE, London, England. COPRI ASCE, Los Angeles, CA USA. Environm Protect Agcy, Kansas City, KS USA. Indian Inst Technol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Tang, A (reprint author), TCLEE ASCE, 2591 Pllard Dr, Mississauga, ON L5C 3G9, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 SU 3 BP S607 EP S639 DI 10.1193/1.2206089 PG 33 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KL UT WOS:000251517100031 ER PT J AU Tang, A Rai, DC Ames, D Murty, CVR Jain, SK Dash, SR Kaushik, HB Mondal, G Murugesh, G Plant, G McLaughlin, J Yashinsky, M Eskijian, M Surrampalli, R AF Tang, Alex Rai, Durgesh C. Ames, David Murty, C. V. R. Jain, Sudhir K. Dash, Sureh R. Kaushik, Herman B. Mondal, Goutam Murugesh, Ganapathy Plant, Graham McLaughlin, John Yashinsky, Mark Eskijian, Martin Surrampalli, Rao TI Lifeline systems in the Andaman and Nicobar islands (India) after the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Lifeline systems in the Andaman and Nicobar islands performed poorly during the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Several power stations and transmission lines were damaged by the ground shaking, affecting the electric power supply to parts of the islands. Telecommunication services were severely affected because of destruction of several telephone exchanges. These services were restored quickly by government agencies. The dams and reservoirs, which supply potable water, sustained minor damage from ground shaking. However, segmented pipelines connecting the dams and reservoirs to various storage sites broke at several places, which significantly affected the water supply for a few days. Ground shaking damaged several elevated as well as ground-supported storage tanks. Damage related to tsunami waves was substantial in the 500-1,000-m strip immediately next to the coastline. C1 TCLEE ASCE, Mississauga, ON, Canada. Ind Technol Inst, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Caltrans, Sacramento, CA USA. ICE, London, England. Dept Transportat, Lansing, MI USA. COPRI ASCE, Los Angeles, CA USA. Environm Protect Agcy, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), TCLEE ASCE, 2591 Pollard Dr, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RI Kaushik, Hemant/A-9953-2008; Mondal, Goutam/C-3412-2009 OI Kaushik, Hemant/0000-0001-5896-6543; Mondal, Goutam/0000-0002-8589-2057 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 SU 3 BP S581 EP S606 DI 10.1193/1.2205874 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KL UT WOS:000251517100030 ER PT J AU Zurlini, G Riitters, K Zaccarelli, N Petrosillo, I Jones, KB Rossi, L AF Zurlini, G. Riitters, K. Zaccarelli, N. Petrosillo, I. Jones, K. B. Rossi L. TI Disturbance patterns in a socio-ecological system at multiple scales SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE disturbance pattern at multiple scales; socio-ecological systems (SES); retrospective resilience ID LANDSCAPE; RESILIENCE; FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; INDEXES; FOREST AB Ecological systems with hierarchical organization and non-equilibrium dynamics require multiple-scale analyses to comprehend how a system is structured and to formulate hypotheses about regulatory mechanisms. Characteristic scales in real landscapes are determined by, or at least reflect, the spatial patterns and scales of constraining human interactions with the biophysical environment. If the patterns or scales of human actions change, then the constraints change, and the structure and dynamics of the entire socioecological system (SES) can change accordingly. Understanding biodiversity in a SES requires understanding how the actions of humans as a keystone species shape the environment across a range of scales. We address this problem by investigating the spatial patterns of human disturbances at multiple scales in a SES in southern Italy. We describe an operational framework to identify multi-scale profiles of short-term anthropogenic disturbances using a moving window algorithm to measure the amount and configuration of disturbance as detected by satellite imagery. Prevailing land uses were found to contribute in different ways to the disturbance gradient at multiple scales, as land uses resulted from other types of biophysical and social controls shaping the region. The resulting profiles were then interpreted with respect to defining critical support regions and scale-dependent models for the assessment and management of disturbances, and for indicating system fragility and resilience of socio-ecological systems in the region. The results suggest support regions and scale intervals where past disturbance has been most likely and clumped - i.e. where fragility is highest and resilience is lowest. We discuss the potential for planning and managing landscape disturbances with a predictable effect on ecological processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Rome, Italy. RP Zurlini, G (reprint author), Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, Ecotekne Campus Strada Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM giovanni.zurlini@unile.it RI Zaccarelli, Nicola/B-9159-2008; Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Zaccarelli, Nicola/0000-0002-3146-0910; Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; ROSSI, LORETO/0000-0001-8014-5397; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.11.002 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060LQ UT WOS:000238804100004 ER PT J AU Jensen, KM Ankley, GT AF Jensen, KM Ankley, GT TI Evaluation of a commercial kit for measuring vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); vitellogenin measurement; fathead minnow; endocrine disruption ID TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; DETECTING VITELLOGENIN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELISAS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; IMMUNOASSAY; INDUCTION; BIOMARKER; PLASMA AB Vitellogenin (vtg) concentrations in oviparous animals such as fish represent an integrated indicator of the status of the reproductive endocrine system. As such, vtg is a common measurement endpoint in tests designed to detect certain classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The most common approach to measuring vtg is via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). However, because labs testing EDCs in fish often use slightly different ELISAs (e.g., in terms of antibodies, binding antigens, standards), results among studies are not always comparable. One approach to obviating this would be for researchers to use standardized ELISA kits from a common source(s). The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a small fish model commonly used for EDC testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a recently developed commercial ELISA kit for measuring vtg in the fathead minnow. The commercial ELISA, based on a monoclonal antibody to fathead minnow vtg, was compared to an ELISA that utilizes a fathead minnow polyclonal antibody, which has been used extensively in our lab and others for several years. Plasma samples for this comparison came from three studies in which fathead minnows had been exposed to different model EDCs, including an androgen (17 beta-trenbolone), an anti-androgen (flutamide), and two CYP19 (aromatase) inhibitors (prochloraz, fadrozole). Results obtained using the two different ELISA methods were consistently similar. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Jensen, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM jensen.kathleen@epa.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.02.011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 054UO UT WOS:000238404300001 PM 16618508 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE AF Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Endocrine-disrupting compounds and mammary gland development: Early exposure and later life consequences SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 04-07, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE RAT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; GENISTEIN EXPOSURE; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; DIETARY GENISTEIN; TUMOR DEVELOPMENT; BREAST-CANCER AB Breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer among women in this country. Breast cancer risk is significantly influenced by genetics, but over 70% of the women that are diagnosed have noninherited or sporadic cancer. The risk of breast cancer is thought to be modified by lifestyle and environment. Exposures to certain chemicals and hormone-mimicking or endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are suspected of contributing to increased breast cancer incidence as well as precocious puberty in the United States. Studies of EDC effects in rodents indicate that multiple toxicants can alter mammary gland development, with or without changing other markers of puberty. EDCs can cause transient and persistent effects on mammary gland development depending on dose, exposure parameters, and whether exposure was during critical periods of gland growth or differentiation. Adverse effects from these abnormal developmental patterns include the presence of carcinogen-sensitive structures in greater numbers or for longer periods in the gland and inhibited functional differentiation leading to malnutrition or increased mortality of their offspring. Developmental toxicants of the mammary gland could lead to an increase in the incidence of mammary tumors if they alter circulating or tissue-localized hormone levels, gland receptor expression patterns, hormone transport, or metabolism that results in altered response to endogenous hormones or growth factors. Environmental disruptors of rodent mammary gland development must be identified for informed decisions in epidemiological studies aimed at identification of environmental factors contributing to breast cancer risk, altered breast development during puberty, or inability to produce sufficient breast milk. C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov NR 47 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 6 SU S BP S18 EP S24 DI 10.1210/en.2005-1131 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 043SF UT WOS:000237621200004 PM 16690811 ER PT J AU Robertson, MM AF Robertson, Morgan M. TI The nature that capital can see: science, state, and market in the commodification of ecosystem services SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING D-SOCIETY & SPACE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE; WATER-QUALITY; BIODIVERSITY AB The development of stable markets in ecosystem services is now a major neoliberal policy initiative in the United States and elsewhere. Such markets, however, require ecosystem scientists to play a new and challenging role in certifying the value of the commodities traded, which are defined using the holistic measures of ecology rather than the uncontroversial measures of weight, volume, or time. As ecosystem science increasingly serves as a metrical technology for the commodification of ecosystem services, its fine and fragile distinctions increasingly bear the weight of capital circulation. In this paper I report on fieldwork among ecosystem assessment technicians, and suggest that this new round of the commodification of nature may overwhelm the capacity of science to provide stable representations of commodity value. The methods and techniques of ecosystem assessment must describe a nature that capital can 'see'-that has an uncontroversial measure-in order for trade to occur. However, these assessment methods currently produce unstable data that are rendered meaningful in economic terms only by dint of creative and ad hoc efforts at translation by field technicians. It is suggested that this may represent a practical limit or crisis point in the expansion of capital relations, or at least a complication in the streamlined neoliberal narratives about the commodification of ecosystem services. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Robertson, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Wetlands Div, 1301 Constitut Ave NW 6105MM, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM robertson.morgan@epa.gov NR 65 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 56 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0263-7758 J9 ENVIRON PLANN D JI Environ. Plan. D-Soc. Space PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 367 EP 387 DI 10.1068/d3304 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 062FT UT WOS:000238930700004 ER PT J AU Cimino, MC AF Cimino, MC TI Comparative overview of current international strategies and guidelines for genetic toxicology testing for regulatory purposes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE testing battery; guidance; mutagenicity; SAR; hazard assessment ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CARCINOGENICITY DATA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GENOTOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; PHARMACEUTICALS; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATION AB National and international regulatory agencies historically have used genotoxicity information as part of a weight-of-evidence approach to evaluate potential human carcinogenicity. Additionally, some agencies consider heritable mutation a regulatory endpoint. Furthermore, genotoxicity has the potential to contribute to other adverse health conditions. This article provides a comparative overview of the testing strategies used by regulatory agencies throughout the world. Despite minor variations in details, the genotoxicity test schemes for most regulatory entities generally comprise three tests: a bacterial gene mutation assay, an in vitro mammalian cell assay for gene mutation and/or chromosome aberrations, and often an in vivo assay for chromosomal effects. In some cases, fewer than these three tests are required. In other cases, when exposure data, structure-activity considerations, or other factors wardrant, even chemicals negative in the three baseline tests may be subject to additional testing. If genotoxicity is identified by the baseline screening tests, assessment of the ability of the chemical to interact with DNA in the gonad may be required. This may apply regardless of whether or not a cancer bioassay has been triggered. Mutagens positive in second stage gonadal assay(s) may be tested in third stage in vivo rodent tests to provide data for a quantitative risk assessment. In all testing, the utilization of internationally-recognized protocols, where they exist, is advisable, although not in all instances required. When testing for regulatory purposes, it is advisable to verify the testing program with the specific regulatory body or bodies responsible for regulatory oversight before beginning testing. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Sci Support Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cimino, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Sci Support Branch, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 7403 M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cimino.michael@epa.gov NR 75 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 362 EP 390 DI 10.1002/em.20216 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 053AU UT WOS:000238276700008 PM 16649190 ER PT J AU Marsee, K Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA Calafat, AM Swan, SH AF Marsee, K Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA Calafat, AM Swan, SH TI Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE anogenitall distance; butyl-benzyl phthalate; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; dibutyl phthalate; diethyl plithalate; diisobutyl phthalate; exposure estimates; reference dose ID DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; HYG. ENVIRON. HEALTH; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN URINE; MALE-RAT AB Phthalate diesters have been shown to be developmental and reproductive toxicants in animal studies. A recent epidemiologic study showed certain phthalates to be significantly associated with reduced anogenital distance in human male infants, the first evidence of subtle developmental effects in human male infants exposed prenatally to phthalates. We used two previously published methods to estimate the daily phthalate exposures for the four phthalates whose urinary metabolites were statistically significantly associated with developmental effects in the 214 mother-infant pairs [di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)] and for another important phthalate [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)]. We estimated the median and 95th percentile of daily exposures to DBP to be 0.99 and 2.68 mu g/kg/day, respectively; for DEP, 6.64 and 112.3 mu g/kg/day; for 13130, 0.50 and 2.47 mu g/kg/day; and for DEHP, 1.32 and 9.32 mu g/kg/day. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference doses for these chemicals are 100 (DBP), 800 (DEP), 200 (BBzP), and 20 (DEHP) mu g/kg/day. The median and 95th percentile exposure estimates for the phthalates associated with reduced anogenital distance in the study population are substantially lower than current U.S. EPA reference doses for these chemicals and could be informative to any updates of the hazard assessments and risk assessments for these chemicals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Joint Med Program, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM tracey.woodruff@ucsf.edu NR 32 TC 104 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1289/ehp.8663 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800025 PM 16759976 ER PT J AU Mo, JY Xia, YJ Wade, TJ Schmitt, M Le, XC Dang, RH Mumford, JL AF Mo, JY Xia, YJ Wade, TJ Schmitt, M Le, XC Dang, RH Mumford, JL TI Chronic arsenic exposure and oxidative stress: OGG1 expression and arsenic exposure, nail selenium, and skin hyperkeratosis in Inner Mongolia SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; blood; humans; nail; OGG1; oxidative stress; selenium; skin hyperkeratosis ID DRINKING-WATER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA-DAMAGE; INDUCTION; KERATINOCYTES; ASSOCIATION; CHINA; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AB Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is known to induce oxidative damage to DNA. In this study we investigated oxidative stress and As exposure by determining gene expression of OGG1, which codes for an enzyme, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, involved in removing 8-oxoguanine in As-exposed individuals. Bayingnormen (Ba Men) residents in Inner Mongolia are chronically exposed to As via drinking water. Water, toenail, and blood samples were collected from 299 Ba Men residents exposed to 0.34-826 mu g/L As. RNA was isolated from blood, and mRNA levels of OGG1 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. OGG1 expression levels were linked to As concentrations in drinking water and nails, Selenium concentrations in nails, and skin hyperkeratosis. OGG1 expression was strongly associated with water As concentrations (p < 0.0001). Addition of the quadratic term significantly improved the fit compared with the linear model (p = 0.05). The maximal OGG1 response was at the water As concentration of 149 mu g/L. OGG1 expression was also significantly associated with toenail As concentrations (p = 0.015) but inversely associated with nail Se concentrations (p = 0.0095). We found no significant differences in the As-induced OGG1 expression due to sex, smoking, or age even though the oldest group showed the strongest OGG1 response (p = 0.0001). OGG1 expression showed a dose-dependent increased risk of skin hyperkeratosis in males (trend analysis, p = 0.02), but the trend was not statistically significant in females. The results from this study provide a linkage between oxidative stress and As exposure in humans. OGG1 expression may be useful as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress from As exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Mumford, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mumford.judy@epa.gov RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 44 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 835 EP 841 DI 10.1289/ehp.8723 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800030 PM 16759981 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Thomas, K Curwin, B Landsittel, D Raymer, J Lu, CS Donnelly, KC Acquavella, J AF Barr, DB Thomas, K Curwin, B Landsittel, D Raymer, J Lu, CS Donnelly, KC Acquavella, J TI Biomonitoring of exposure in farmworker studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; blood; farmworker; urine ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; URINARY CREATININE; METABOLITE EXCRETION; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DERMAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN SERUM; FARMERS AB Although biomonitoring has been used in many occupational and environmental health and exposure studies, we are only beginning to understand the complexities and uncertainties involved with the biomonitoring process-from study design, to sample collection, to chemical analysis- and with interpreting the resulting data. We present an overview of concepts that should be considered when using biomonitoring or biomonitoring data, assess the current status of biomonitoring, and detail potential advancements in the field that may improve our ability to both collect and interpret biomonitoring data. We discuss issues such as the appropriateness of biomonitoring for a given study, the sampling time frame, temporal variability in biological measurements to nonpersistent chemicals, and the complex issues surrounding data interpretation. In addition, we provide recommendations to improve the utility of biomonitoring in farmworker studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES013378]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R13 OH013378] NR 67 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 936 EP 942 DI 10.1289/ehp.8527 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800047 PM 16759998 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB AF Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB TI A survey of laboratory and statistical issues related to farmworker exposure studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE analytical methodology; biomarkers; laboratory; limit of detection; omics; quality control; sample size; statistics ID COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTERNAL QUALITY-CONTROL; LONGITUDINAL DATA; DETECTION LIMITS; OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; EFFECTS MODELS AB Developing internally valid, and perhaps generalizable, farmworker exposure studies is a complex process that involves many statistical and laboratory considerations. Statistics are an integral component of each study beginning with the design stage and continuing to the final data analysis and interpretation. Similarly, data quality plays a significant role in the overall value of the study. Data quality can be derived from several experimental parameters including statistical design of the study and quality of environmental and biological analytical measurements. We discuss statistical and analytic issues that should be addressed in every farmworker study. These issues include study design and sample size determination, analytical methods and quality control and assurance, treatment of missing data or data below the method's limits of detection, and post-hoc analyses of data from multiple studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Penn, Sch Human Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES013378]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R13 OH013378] NR 81 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1289/ehp.8528 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800050 PM 16760001 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS AF Caruso, BS TI Project river recovery: Restoration of braided gravel-bed river habitat in New Zealand's high country SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE river; restoration; wetlands; New Zealand; braided; gravel bed ID UPPER WAITAKI BASIN; TAGLIAMENTO RIVER; FIUME-TAGLIAMENTO; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SOUTH ISLAND; FLOOD PLAINS; ALPINE RIVER; ACTIVE ZONE AB Ecological restoration is increasingly becoming a primary component of broader environmental and water resources management programs throughout the world. The New Zealand Department of Conservation implemented Project River Recovery (PRR) in 1991 to restore unique braided gravel-bed river and wetland habitat in the Upper Waitaki Basin in New Zealand's high country of the South Island, which has been severely impacted by hydroelectric power development. These braided rivers are highly dynamic, diverse, and globally important ecosystems and provide critical habitat to numerous native wading and shore bird species, including several threatened species such as the black stilt. The objective of this study was to review and summarize PRR after more than 10 years of implementation to provide information and transfer knowledge to other nations and restoration programs. Site visits were conducted, discussions were held with key project staff, and project reports and related literature were reviewed. Primary components of the program include pest plant and animal control, wetland construction and enhancement, a significant research and monitoring component, and public awareness. The study found that PRR is an excellent example of an ecological restoration program focusing on conserving and restoring unique habitat for threatened native bird species, but that also includes several secondary objectives. Transfer of knowledge from PRR could benefit ecological restoration programs in other parts of the world, particularly riverine floodplain and braided river restoration. PRR could achieve even greater success with expanded goals, additional resources, and increased integration of science with management, especially broader consideration of hydrologic and geomorphologic effects and restoration opportunities. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM cruso.brian@epa.gov NR 101 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 840 EP 861 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-3103-9 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035AU UT WOS:000236972900009 PM 16508798 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Brown, MT AF Lane, Charles R. Brown, Mark T. TI Energy-based land use predictors of proximal factors and benthic diatom composition in Florida freshwater marshes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; assessment; benthic diatoms; Florida; emergy; isolated marsh; landscape; LDI; wetland ID ALGAL ASSEMBLAGES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LANDSCAPE; RIVERS; DETERMINANTS; STREAMS; INDEX; TESTS AB The Landscape Development Intensity index (LDI), which is based on non-renewable energy use and integrates diverse land use activities, was compared to other measures of LU (e.g., %agriculture, %urban) to determine its ability for predicting benthic diatom composition in freshwater marshes of peninsular Florida. In this study, 70 small, isolated herbaceous marshes located along a human disturbance gradient (generally agricultural) throughout peninsular Florida were sampled for benthic diatoms and soil and water physical/chemical parameters (i.e., TP, TKN, pH, specific conductance, etc.). Landscape measures of percent agriculture, percent urban, percent natural, and LDI index values were calculated for a 100 m buffer around each site. The strongest relationships using Mantel's r statistic, which ranges from -1 to 1, were found between benthic diatom composition, the combined soil and water variables, and LDI scores (r=0.51, P < 0.0001). Although similar, soil and water variables alone (r=0.45, P < 0.0001) or with percent agriculture or percent natural were not as strongly correlated (both Mantel's r=0.46, P < 0.0001). Little urban land use was found in the areas surrounding the study wetlands. Diatom data were clustered using flexible beta into 2 groups, and stepwise discriminant analysis identified specific conductance, followed by LDI score, soil pH, water total phosphorus, and ammonia, as cluster-separating variables. The LDI explained slightly more of the variation in species composition than either percent agriculture or percent natural, perhaps because the LDI can combine disparate land uses into a single quantitative value. However, the ecological significance of the difference between land use metrics and diatom composition is controvertible, and additional tests including more varied land uses appear warranted. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, HT Odum Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lane.Charles@epa.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1-3 BP 433 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-2766-x PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075MX UT WOS:000239890200029 PM 16917722 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Hudgens, EE Schmitt, MT Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ AF Adair, BM Hudgens, EE Schmitt, MT Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ TI Total arsenic concentrations in toenails quantified by two techniques provide a useful biomarker of chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; biomarker; neutron activation analysis; toenail; hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WEST-BENGAL; HAIR; URINE; NAILS; SPECIATION; RISK; FINGERNAILS; GROUNDWATER AB Accurate quantitation of any contaminant of interest is critical for exposure assessment and metabolism studies that support risk assessment. A preliminary step in an arsenic exposure assessment study in Nevada quantified total arsenic (TAs) concentrations in tissues as biomarkers of exposure. Participants in this study (n = 95) were at least 45 years old, had lived in the area for more than 20 years, and were exposed to a wide range of arsenic concentrations in drinking water (3-2100ppb). Concentrations of TAs in blood, urine, and toenails determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) ranged from below detection to 0.03, 0.76, and 12ppm, respectively; TAs in blood rarely exceeded the limit of detection. For comparison, TAs in toenails determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) ranged from below detection to 16ppm. Significant (P < 0.0001) positive regressions were seen between the TAs concentration in toenails and in drinking water (adjusted r(2) = 0.3557 HG-AFS, adjusted r(2) = 0.3922 NAA); TAs concentrations in urine were not described by drinking water As (adjusted r(2) = 0.0170, P = 0.1369). Analyses of TAs in toenails by HGAFS and NAA yielded highly concordant estimates (r = 0.7977, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that toenails are a better biomarker of chronic As exposure than urine in the current study, because the sequestration of As in toenails provides an integration of exposure over time that does not occur in urine. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Adair, BM (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Drop B 143-01,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM adair.blakely@epa.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.08.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 050SY UT WOS:000238110000008 PM 16188251 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Harness, C Loomis, D Langlois, PH Savitz, DA Herring, AH AF Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Harness, C Loomis, D Langlois, PH Savitz, DA Herring, AH TI Comparison of residential geocoding methods in population-based study of air quality and birth defects SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; bias (epidemiology) ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; ADDRESSES; ACCURACY; HEALTH AB Our population-based case-control study of air quality and birth defects in Texas relied on the geocoding of maternal residence from vital records for the assignment of air pollution exposures during early pregnancy. We attempted to geocode the maternal addresses for 5338 birth defect cases and 4574 frequency-matched controls using an automated procedure with standard matching criteria in ArcGIS 8.2 and 8.3. Initially, we matched 7266 observations (73%). To increase the proportion of successful matches, we used an interactive procedure for the 2646 addresses that were initially not geocoded by the software. This yielded an additional 985 matches (37%). Using the same 2646 initially unmatched addresses, we compared the results of this interactive procedure to those of an automated procedure using lower standards. The automated procedure with lower standards yielded more matches (n = 1559, 59%) but with questionable accuracy. We included the interactively geocoded observations in our final data set. Their inclusion did not affect the estimates of air pollution exposure but increased our statistical power to detect associations between air quality and risk of selected birth defects. The geocoded and not geocoded populations differed in the distribution of Latino ethnicity (51 % vs 59%) and ethnicity was independently associated with air pollution exposures (P < 0.05). Geocoding status also appeared to modify the association between ethnicity and risk of birth defects; Latina women appeared to have a slightly lower risk of birth defects than non-Latina women in the geocoded population and to have a slightly higher risk in the not geocoded population. Incomplete geocoding may have resulted in a selection bias because of the underrepresentation of Latinas in our study population. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gilboa, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM sgilboa@cdc.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 050SY UT WOS:000238110000013 PM 16483563 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Daniels, CB Chancy, CA AF Lewis, MA Daniels, CB Chancy, CA TI Microbial genotoxicity as an environmental indicator for near-coastal sediment pore waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pore water; Gulf of Mexico; genotoxicity; acute toxicity; benthic community diversity ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; QUALITY GUIDELINES; SOS CHROMOTEST; MUTATOX TEST; AMES ASSAY; TOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; EXTRACTS; RIVER AB The genotoxic potential of sediment pore water collected from coastal areas in the Gulf of Mexico has not been reported frequently in the literature. This report summarizes a study of the microbial mutagenicity of 31 pore water samples obtained from sediment affected by non-point source runoff and compares the results with those for more traditional chemical and biological indicators of sediment quality. Genotoxicity was determined pre- and post-enzyme activation using a proprietary short-term microbial assay for pore water centrifuged from sediment collected adjacent to a Florida coastal golf complex and from an urbanized bayou-estuary. Sediment and the associated pore water also were analyzed for acute toxicity to Hyallela azteca, Palaemonetes pugio, or Americamysis bahia and for benthic macroinvertebrate diversity (sediment only). Genotoxicity (direct and enzyme-activated) was detected in 4 of 17 (golf complex) and in 10 of 14 (urbanized bayou) pore water samples. The lowest toxic pore water concentrations were between 1.8% and 44.4% (direct) and between 2.6% and 25% (enzyme-activated). The results of the genotoxic assay paralleled those based on exceedance of proposed sediment quality guidelines, pore water acute toxicity and Shannon-Wiener diversity index values for 81%, 58%, and 65% of the comparisons, respectively. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Lewis.Michael@epa.gov NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1002/tox.20173 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 043QD UT WOS:000237615400001 PM 16646015 ER PT J AU Erickson, RJ McKim, JM Lien, GJ Hoffman, AD Batterman, SL AF Erickson, Russell J. McKim, James M. Lien, Gregory J. Hoffman, Alex D. Batterman, Sharon L. TI Uptake and elimination of ionizable organic chemicals at fish gills: I. Model formulation, parameterization, and behavior SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; toxicokinetics; ionizable organic chemicals; fish gill; tissue permeability ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; LIPID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; HYDROPHOBIC SOLUTES; STRATUM-CORNEUM; PH; WATER; TOXICITY AB A mechanistic model for the uptake and elimination of ionizable organic chemicals at fish gills is presented. This model is a modification of a previous model for nonionizable organic chemicals that addressed the transport of chemical to and from gill surfaces in water and blood, diffusion of chemical across epithelial cells, and binding of chemical to components in water and blood. For ionizable chemicals, three additional processes are included. First, excretory products alter the pH at gill surfaces, affecting the relative amounts of neutral and ionized molecules compared with that in the bulk exposure water. Second, ionized molecules support chemical flux to and from epithelial cell membranes and help maintain high diffusion gradients of neutral molecules across these membranes, thereby contributing to uptake and elimination even if the membranes are impermeable to ionized molecules. Third, membrane barriers are not completely impermeable to ionized molecules, and even limited permeability can have appreciable effects on chemical flux. Approaches for model parameterization are discussed. Model-predicted relationships of uptake and elimination rates to exposure water pH, alkalinity, and chemical properties are presented and discussed in terms of model processes. The model is shown to predict important features of reported effects of pH on uptake rates of weak organic acids. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Erickson, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM erickson.russell@epa.gov NR 49 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1512 EP 1521 DI 10.1897/05-358R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300010 PM 16764469 ER PT J AU Erickson, RJ Mckim, JM Lien, GJ Hoffman, AD Batterman, SL AF Erickson, Russell J. McKim, James M. Lien, Gregory J. Hoffman, Alex D. Batterman, Sharon L. TI Uptake and elimination of ionizable organic chemicals at fish gills: II. Observed and predicted effects of pH, alkalinity, and chemical properties SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; toxicokinetics; ionizable organic chemicals; fish gill; rainbow trout ID FATHEAD MINNOWS; TOXICITY; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; ACCUMULATION; CHLOROPHENOLS; ABSORPTION; GOLDFISH; PHENOLS AB Effects of exposure-water pH on chemical uptake at rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills were investigated for nine weakly acidic, chlorinated phenols with different ionization constants and hydrophobicities and for a moderately hydrophobic, nonionizable reference chemical (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene). Uptake rates for all chemicals varied little from pH 6.3 to 8.4, despite ionization of the chlorinated phenols ranging from less than 1 to greater than 99.9% among these pH values and chemicals. At pH 9.2, uptake rates were reduced substantially for the chlorinated phenols but not for the reference chemical. These results indicate greater bioavailability of neutral chemical forms but also considerable bioavailability of ionized forms that varies with pH. Three mechanisms were evaluated regarding such ionized chemical bioavailability. First, reduced pH at the gill surface causes net conversion of ionized molecules to more readily absorbed neutral molecules. This mechanism was tested by increasing exposure-water alkalinity, which increased gill surface pH and reduced uptake of the chlorinated phenols but not of the reference chemical. Magnitudes of these effects were close to predictions from a mathematical model for chemical exchange at fish gills that incorporated this mechanism. Second, ionized molecules contribute to uptake by maintaining high gradients of neutral molecules across epithelial membrane barriers, even if the barriers are impermeable to these ions. This mechanism was demonstrated to explain the similarity of uptake among pH values and chemicals at pH less than 8.4 and the degree to which uptake declined at pH 9.2. Third, membrane barriers can have some permeability to the ionized forms, but this was not important for the chemicals and conditions of the present study. Increased exposure-water pH also was demonstrated to increase elimination rates of these chemicals, which also was in accord with model expectations. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Erickson, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM erickson.russell@epa.gov NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 27 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1532 DI 10.1897/05-359R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300011 PM 16764470 ER PT J AU Bursian, SJ Sharma, C Aulerich, RJ Yamini, B Mitchell, RR Orazio, CE Moore, DRJ Svirsky, S Tillitt, DE AF Bursian, Steven J. Sharma, Chanda Aulerich, Richard J. Yamini, Behzad Mitchell, Rachel R. Orazio, Carl E. Moore, Dwayne R. J. Svirsky, Susan Tillitt, Donald E. TI Dietary exposure of mink (Mustela vison) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on reproduction, kit growth, and survival SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Housatonic River; mink; polychlorinated biphenyls; reproduction; survival ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SAGINAW BAY; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; TOXICITY; PCBS; CARP; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL; FRACTIONATION; CONSUMPTION AB We evaluated the effects of feeding farm-raised mink (Mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish from the Housatonic River (HR; Berkshire County, MA, USA) on adult reproductive performance and kit growth and survival. Diets contained 0.22-3.54% HR fish, providing 0.34-3.7 mu g total PCBs (TPCB)/g feed wet wt (3.5-68.5 pg toxic equivalence [TEQ]/g). Female mink were fed diets before breeding through weaning of kits. Twelve kits from each treatment were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 180 d. Dietary PCBs had no effect on the number of offspring produced, gestation period, or other measures of adult reproductive performance. Mink kits exposed to 3.7 mu g TPCB/g feed (68.5 pg TEQ/g) in utero and during lactation had reduced survivability between three and six weeks of age. The lethal concentrations to 10 and 20% of the population (LC10 and LC20, respectively) were estimated to be 0.231 and 0.984 mu g TPCB/g feed, respectively. Because inclusion of PCB-contaminated fish that composed approximately 1% of the diet would reduce mink kit survival by 20% or more, it is likely that consumption of up to 30-fold that quantity of HR fish, as could be expected for wild mink, would have an adverse effect on wild mink populations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. CANTOX Environm, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7T2, Canada. US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bursian, SJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bursian@msu.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1540 DI 10.1897/05-406R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300012 PM 16764471 ER PT J AU Bursian, SJ Sharma, C Aulerich, RJ Yamini, B Mitchell, RR Beckett, KJ Orazio, CE Moore, D Svirsky, S Tillitt, DE AF Bursian, Steven J. Sharma, Chanda Aulerich, Richard J. Yamini, Behzad Mitchell, Rachel R. Beckett, Kerri J. Orazio, Carl E. Moore, Dwayne Svirsky, Susan Tillitt, Donald E. TI Dietary exposure of mink (Mustela vison) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Housatonic River; mink; polychlorinated biphenyls; jaw; liver ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; SAGINAW BAY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BELUGA WHALES; REPRODUCTION; PCBS; CARP; PROLIFERATION; MICHIGAN; FRACTIONATION AB The effects of feeding ranch mink (Mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish (88 gold fish [Carassius auratus] weighing a total of 70.3 kg and 16 carp [Cyprinus carpio] weighing a total of 77.3 kg) collected from the Housatonic River (HR; Berkshire County, MA, USA) in October 1999 on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of total PCBs (Sigma PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence (TEQ) were evaluated. Diets contained 0.22 to 3.54% HR fish, which provided 0.34 to 3.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed (3.5-69 pg TEQ/g feed). Female mink were fed the diets eight weeks before breeding through weaning of kits at six weeks of age. Offspring were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 180 d. The dietary concentration of PCBs that caused a decrease in kit survival (3.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed [69 pg TEQ/g]) resulted in a maternal hepatic concentration of 3.1 mu g Sigma PCBs/g wet weight (218 pg TEQ/g). Organ weights were not consistently affected. Mandibular and maxillary squamous cell proliferation was apparent in 31-week-old juveniles exposed to as low as 0.96 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed (9.2 mu g TEQ/g). Juveniles in this treatment group had a liver concentration of 1.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g wet weight (40 pg TEQ/g). Because inclusion of PCB-contaminated fish, which comprised approximately 1% of the diet, resulted in mandibular and maxillary squamous cell proliferation, it is possible that consumption of up to 30-fold that quantity of HR fish, as could be expected for wild mink, would result in more severe lesions characterized by loss of teeth, thus impacting survivability. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. CANTOX Environm, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7T2, Canada. US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bursian, SJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bursian@msu.edu NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1550 DI 10.1897/05-407R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300013 PM 16764472 ER PT J AU Freeman, J Modarres, R AF Freeman, J Modarres, R TI Estimating the bivariate mean vector of censored environmental data with Box-Cox transformations and E-M algorithm SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Box-Cox transformation; censored data; confidence region; delta-method; E-M algorithm; maximum likelihood ID REGRESSION-ANALYSIS AB We present a method for estimating the mean vector from a bivariate skew distribution that includes some unobserved data below the detection limits. The method uses a Box-Cox transformation, of which the parameters are found by maximizing the likelihood function over a fixed power transformation set. To estimate the mean vector and the covariance matrix, we develop an E-M algorithm solution. Given a transformation, we obtain expressions for the mean vector, covariance matrix, and the asymptotic covariance of the vector of means in the original scale. Expressions are obtained for a confidence region for the vector of means. The performance of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method in selecting the correct power transformation and the coverage rate of the confidence region under several conditions are investigated in a simulation study. This method gives reliable results for finding effective transformations and the coverage rate for highly skew data sets. The method is applied to water quality monitoring data. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Modarres, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM Reza@gwu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1002/env.778 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 053ZO UT WOS:000238345200007 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Samet, JM Ghio, AJ AF Wang, Xinchao Samet, James M. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Asbestos-induced activation of cell signaling pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; lung diseases and pneumoconiosis; oxidants ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE; C-JUN; REGULATED KINASE-1; FACTOR RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; PROLIFERATION; H2O2; TRANSFORMATION; APOPTOSIS AB Using respiratory epithelial cells transfected with either superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase, the authors tested the hypothesis that the activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signal pathway after asbestos exposure involves an oxidative stress. Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies demonstrated that the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor PD153035 decreased both the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and its upstream signal pathway, including mitogen-activate protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2. Similarly, the MEK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 also demonstrated the ability to decrease phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Crocidolite-induced phosphorylation of EGF receptor, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 was reduced by transfection of BEAS-2B cells with a catalase vector, supporting a participation of oxidative stress in this pathway. These results show that crocidolite can activate the phosphorylation of EGF receptor and its downstream cell signal pathway in BEAS-2B cells and this is associated with the oxidative stress presented by the fibers. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Occupat Med & Toxicol, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Peoples R China. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1080/01902140600817507 PG 15 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 073RG UT WOS:000239759700002 PM 16908449 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT TI Perspective: Ecological policy SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Many current ecological policy problems are contentious and socially wrenching. Each possesses unique features, but there are several generalities that apply to nearly all. I propose nine axioms that are typical of most current ecological policy problems: (1) the policy and political dynamic is a zero-sum game; (2) the distribution of benefits and costs is more important than the ratio of total benefits to total costs; (3) the most politically viable policy choice spreads the benefits to a broad majority with the costs limited to a narrow minority of the population; (4) potential losers are usually more assertive and vocal than potential winners and are, therefore, disproportionately important in decision making; (5) many advocates will cloak their arguments as science to mask their personal policy preferences; (6) even with complete and accurate scientific information, most policy issues remain divisive; (7) demonizing policy advocates supporting competing policy options is often more effective than presenting rigorous analytical arguments; (8) if something can be measured accurately and with confidence, it is probably not particularly relevant in decision making; and (9) the meaning of words matters greatly and arguments over their precise meaning are often surrogates for debates over values. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lackery.robert@epa.gov NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 286 EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 056VJ UT WOS:000238552900008 ER PT J AU Shanaghan, PE Rubin, HE Kline, IP Coffey, RW AF Shanaghan, Peter E. Rubin, Howard E. Kline, Ian P. Coffey, Rudd W. TI The drinking water state revolving fund helps ground water systems deliver public health protection SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, DWSRF Team, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cadmus Grp Inc, Watertown, MA 02412 USA. RP Shanaghan, PE (reprint author), US EPA, DWSRF Team, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 46 EP + PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 071XD UT WOS:000239636300002 ER PT J AU Ryan, BC Vandenbergh, JG AF Ryan, Bryce C. Vandenbergh, John G. TI Developmental exposure to environmental estrogens alters anxiety and spatial memory in female mice SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; environmental estrogen; bisphenol A; ethinyl estradiol; anxiety; spatial memory; puberty; behavior; mouse ID ANOGENITAL DISTANCE INDEX; BISPHENOL-A EXPOSURE; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; RADIAL-ARM MAZE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; IN-VIVO; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; WORKING-MEMORY AB Humans and wildlife are exposed to numerous anthropogenic drugs and pollutants. Many of these compounds are hormonally active, and recent evidence suggests that the presence of these endocrine disruptors permanently alters normal development and physiology in a variety of vertebrate species. Here, we report on the effects of developmental exposure to two common estrogenic pollutants, bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on sexually dimorphic, non-reproductive behavior. Mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were exposed to environmentally relevant levels of these chemicals (2 and 200 mu g/kg/day for bisphenol A and 5 mu g/kg/day for ethinyl estradiol) throughout prenatal and early postnatal development. As adults, the animals were observed in a variety of tests measuring sexually dimorphic behaviors including short-term spatial memory (in a radial-arm maze and a Barnes maze) and anxiety (in an elevated-plus maze and a light/dark preference chamber). Developmental exposure to ethinyl estradiol was found to masculinize behavior in all of the assays used. Bisphenol A increased anxious behavior in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on spatial memory. These results indicate that non-reproductive, sexually dimorphic behavior is sensitive to endocrine disruption. In addition, these experiments suggest that both humans and wildlife are being exposed to levels of these endocrine disrupting compounds that are sufficient to disrupt the development of the nervous system and that may have permanent consequences on sexually dimorphic behaviors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ryan, BC (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ryan.bryce@epa.gov NR 70 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X EI 1095-6867 J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.01.007 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 054QZ UT WOS:000238395000012 PM 16540110 ER PT J AU Bare, JC AF Bare, JC TI Risk assessment and Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) for human health cancerous and noncancerous emissions: Integrated and complementary with consistency within the USEPA SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE LCA; Life-Cycle Assessment; LCIA; life-cycle impact assessment; risk assessment; environmental tools AB The historical parallels, complementary roles, and potential for integration of human health risk assessment (RA) and Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) are explored. Previous authors have considered the comparison of LCA and risk assessment recognizing the inherent differences in LCA and risk assessment ( e.g. , LCA's focus on the functional unit, and the differences in perspective of LCA and risk assessment), and also the commonalities ( e.g. , the basis for the modeling). Until this time, however, no one has proposed a coordinated approach for conducting LCA and risk assessment using models consistent with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) handbooks, policies, and guidelines. The current status of LCIA methodology development can be compared to the early days of human health RA when practitioners were overwhelmed with the model choices, assumptions, lack of data, and poor data quality. Although methodology developers can build on the shoulders of the giant, LCIA requires more innovation to deal with more impact categories, more life-cycle stages, and less data for a greater number of stressors. For certain impact categories, LCIA can use many of the guidelines, methodologies, and default parameters that have been developed for human health RA, in conjunction with sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to determine the level of detail necessary for various applications. LCIA can then identify "hot spots that require the additional detail and level of certainty provided by RA. A comparison of the USEPA's Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts (TRACI) and the USEPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) will be explored. C1 US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bare, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bare.jane@epa.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1080/10807030600561683 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046YN UT WOS:000237847100006 ER PT J AU Gallagher, K Benson, WH Brody, M Fairbrother, A Hasan, J Klaper, R Lattier, D Lundquist, S McCarroll, N Miller, G Preston, J Sayre, P Seed, J Smith, B Street, A Troast, R Vu, V Reiter, L Farland, W Dearfield, K AF Gallagher, K Benson, WH Brody, M Fairbrother, A Hasan, J Klaper, R Lattier, D Lundquist, S McCarroll, N Miller, G Preston, J Sayre, P Seed, J Smith, B Street, A Troast, R Vu, V Reiter, L Farland, W Dearfield, K TI Genomics: Applications, challenges, and opportunities for the US Environmental Protection Agency SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE genomics; USEPA; risk assessment; regulatory applications ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; TOXICOLOGY AB Genomics information has great potential to enhance assessment of risks to human health and the environment. Although understanding genomic responses with respect to adverse ecological and human health outcomes is not, as yet, established, it is important to consider the likely future impacts of genomics technologies on risk assessment and decision-making. Four areas are identified as those likely to be influenced by the generation of genomics information within, and the submission of such information to, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA): risk assessment, prioritization of contaminants and contaminated sites, monitoring, and reporting provisions. For each of these risk assessment and regulatory applications, representative activities are presented to illustrate the application. Three major challenges for the USEPA associated with genomics are also identified in the areas of research, technical development, and capacity. The USEPA's initial activities to address these challenges are discussed. The Agency recognizes it must be prepared to use genomics information, and that many scientific, policy, ethical, and legal concerns will need to be addressed. The USEPA also recognizes it is essential to continue to collaborate with other federal agencies, academia, the regulated community, and other stakeholders in order to benefit from ongoing advances in genomics in the wider scientific and regulatory communities. C1 US EPA Headquarters, Off Sci Advisor, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. US EPA, Off Planning Anal & Accountabil, Off Chief Financial Officer, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC USA. RP Gallagher, K (reprint author), US EPA Headquarters, Off Sci Advisor, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8105R,Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gallagher.kathryn@epa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 572 EP 590 DI 10.1080/10807030600561717 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046YN UT WOS:000237847100010 ER PT J AU Ogulei, D Hopke, PK Wallace, LA AF Ogulei, D Hopke, PK Wallace, LA TI Analysis of indoor particle size distributions in an occupied townhouse using positive matrix factorization SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE indoor particles; size distribution; SMPS; APS; PMF; air pollution ID AIR CHANGE RATES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; WOOD COMBUSTION; FINE PARTICLES; MASS; POLLUTANTS; NUMBER AB From late 1999 to early March 2000, measurements of particle number (particles 0.01-20 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations were made inside of a townhouse occupied by two non-smoking adults and located in Reston, VA (approximately 25 miles northwest of Washington, DC). The particle size measurements were made using an SMPSTM and an APS(TM) as well as a Climet optical scattering instrument. In this study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to study the indoor particle size distributions. The size distributions or profiles obtained were identified by relating the obtained source contributions to the source information provided by the occupants. Nine particle sources were identified, including two sources associated with gas burner use: boiling water and frying tortillas. Boiling water for tea or coffee was found to be associated only with the smallest particles, with a number mode close to the detection limit of the SMPS (i.e., 0.01 mu m). Frying tortillas produced particles with a number mode at about 0.09 mu m while broiling fish produced particles with a number mode at about 0.05 mu m. A citronella candle was often burned during the study period, and this practice was found to produce a 0.2-mu m modal number distribution. Other indoor particle sources identified included sweeping/vacuuming (volume mode at 2 mu m); use of the electric toaster oven (number mode at 0.03 mu m); and pouring of kitty litter (volume mode over 10 mu m). Two outdoor sources were also resolved: traffic (number mode at about 0.15 mu m) and wood smoke (major number mode at about 0.07 mu m). The volume distributions showed presence of coarse particles in most of the resolved indoor sources probably caused by personal cloud emissions as the residents performed the various indoor activities. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, POB 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008; OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661; Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00418.x PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037XV UT WOS:000237182100005 PM 16683939 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Haykal-Coates, N Ledbetter, AD Evansky, PA Gavett, SH AF Farraj, AK Haykal-Coates, N Ledbetter, AD Evansky, PA Gavett, SH TI Inhibition of pan neurotrophin receptor p75 attenuates diesel particulate-induced enhancement of allergic airway responses in C57/B16J mice SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; EXHAUST PARTICLES; MURINE MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; MAST-CELLS; INFLAMMATION; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; ASTHMA; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE AB Recent investigations have linked neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), to allergic airways diseases. Antibody blockade of NGF attenuates airway resistance in allergic mice. Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure has been linked to asthma exacerbation in many cities with vehicular traffic congestion. We tested the hypothesis that DEP-induced enhancement of the hallmark features of allergic airway disease in a murine model is dependent on the function of the pan neurotrophin receptor p75. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized C57B1/6J mice were intranasally instilled with an antibody against the p75 receptor or saline alone 1 h before OVA challenge. The mice were then exposed nose-only to the PM2.5 fraction of SRM2975 DEP or air alone for 5 h beginning 1 h after OVA challenge. Two days later, air-exposed OVA-allergic mice developed a small but insignificant increase in methacholine-induced airflow obstruction relative to air-exposed, vehicle-sensitized mice. DEP-exposed OVA-allergic mice had a significantly greater degree of airway obstruction than all other groups. Instillation of anti-p75 significantly attenuated the DEP-induced increase in airway obstruction in OVA-allergic mice to levels similar to non-sensitized mice. The DEP-induced exacerbation of allergic airway responses may, in part, be mediated by neurotrophins. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, MD-B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 7 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1080/08958370600602439 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 031JP UT WOS:000236701000003 PM 16603479 ER PT J AU Rickman, CB Ebright, JN Zavodni, Z Yu, L Wang, T Daiger, SP Wistow, G Boon, K Hauser, MA AF Rickman, Catherine Bowes Ebright, Jessica N. Zavodni, Zachary Yu, Ling Wang, Tianyuan Daiger, Stephen P. Wistow, Graeme Boon, Kathy Hauser, Michael A. TI Defining the human macula transcriptome and 14 candidate retinal disease genes using EyeSAGE SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; SEQUENCE TAG ANALYSIS; CONE-ROD DYSTROPHY; ADULT HUMAN RETINA; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; SERIAL ANALYSIS; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; NEIBANK PROJECT; HUMAN FOVEA AB PURPOSE. To develop large-scale, high-throughput annotation of the human macula transcriptome and to identify and prioritize candidate genes for inherited retinal dystrophies, based on ocular-expression profiles using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). METHODS. Two human retina and two retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid SAGE libraries made from matched macula or midperipheral retina and adjacent RPE/choroid of morphologically normal 28- to 66-year-old donors and a human central retina longSAGE library made from 41- to 66-year-old donors were generated. Their transcription profiles were entered into a relational database, EyeSAGE, including microarray expression profiles of retina and publicly available normal human tissue SAGE libraries. EyeSAGE was used to identify retina- and RPE-specific and associated genes, and candidate genes for retina and RPE disease loci. Differential and/or cell-type specific expression was validated by quantitative and single-cell RT-PCR. RESULTS. Cone photoreceptor-associated gene expression was elevated in the macula transcription profiles. Analysis of the longSAGE retina tags enhanced tag-to-gene mapping and revealed alternatively spliced genes. Analysis of candidate gene expression tables for the identified Bardet-Biedl syndrome disease gene (BBS5) in the BBS5 disease region table yielded BBS5 as the top candidate. Compelling candidates for inherited retina diseases were identified. CONCLUSIONS. The EyeSAGE database, combining three different gene-profiling platforms including the authors' multidonor-derived retina/RPE SAGE libraries and existing single-donor retina/RPE libraries, is a powerful resource for definition of the retina and RPE transcriptomes. It can be used to identify retina-specific genes, including alternatively spliced transcripts and to prioritize candidate genes within mapped retinal disease regions. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctrhumgen, Human Genet Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NEI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rickman, CB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Box 3802 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM bowes007@duke.edu NR 61 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2305 EP 2316 DI 10.1167/iovs.05-1437 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 048LQ UT WOS:000237949000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Zhe Kleinstreuer, Clement Kim, Chong S. TI Isotonic and hypertonic saline droplet deposition in a human upper airway model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE aerosol deposition; computational fluid-particle dynamics; droplet vaporization and hygroscopicity; isotonic and hypertonic saline droplets ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MASS-TRANSFER; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; FLOW STRUCTURES; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; LUNG DEPOSITION; HEAT; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB The evaporative and hygroscopic effects and deposition of isotonic and hypertonic saline droplets have been simulated from the mouth to the first four generations of the tracheobronchial tree under laminar-transitional-turbulent inspiratory flow conditions. Specifically, the local water vapor transport, droplet evaporation rate, and deposition fractions are analyzed. The effects of inhalation flow rates, thermodynamic air properties and NaCl-droplet concentrations of interest are discussed as well. The validated computer simulation results indicate that the increase of NaCl-solute concentration, increase of inlet relative humidity, or decrease of inlet air temperature may reduce water evaporation and increase water condensation at saline droplet surfaces, resulting in higher droplet depositions due to the increasing particle diameter and density. However, solute concentrations below 10% may not have a very pronounced effect on droplet deposition in the human upper airways. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 3211 Broughton Hall,Campus Box 7910,2601 Stenson, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SUM PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.1089/jam.2006.19.184 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 065SN UT WOS:000239179700008 PM 16796543 ER PT J AU Boufadel, MC Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Boufadel, Michel C. Suidan, Makrarn T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Tracer studies in laboratory beach simulating tidal influences SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE oil spills; nutrients; biological treatment; beaches ID STEADY-STATE; BIOREMEDIATION; TRANSPORT; SEEPAGE AB Bioremediation of oil spills on. tidally influenced beaches commonly involves the addition of a nutrient solution to the contaminated region of the beach at low tide to stimulate the growth of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria. Maximizing the residence time of nutrients in the beach and subsequently their contact time with microorganisms is a main goal for successful bioremediation. Therefore, understanding the effects of the tide on water flow and solute transport in a beach is an essential task for designing a nutrient application strategy. We investigated these effects by conducting a tracer study in a laboratory beach simulating nutrient application on natural beaches. The study consisted of applying, at low tide, a conservative tracer solution onto the beach surface near the high-tide line and monitoring its movement in the beach subsurface. The tidal motion caused the applied plume to move downward and seaward. The downward movement occurred during rising tides, while the seaward movement occurred mainly during falling tides. The results indicate that nutrients should be applied at the high-tide line during low tides. Guidelines for scaling up the results to natural beaches are provided along with an example. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 616 EP 623 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:6(616) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101ZB UT WOS:000241779100007 ER PT J AU Donohue, MJ Smallwood, AW Pfaller, S Rodgers, M Shoemaker, JA AF Donohue, MJ Smallwood, AW Pfaller, S Rodgers, M Shoemaker, JA TI The development of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-based method for the protein fingerprinting and identification of Aeromonas species using whole cells SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas; MALDI-MS; microorganism; whole cell analysis ID SP-NOV; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; GENUS AEROMONAS; PHENOTYPIC IDENTIFICATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE SEARCH; BACTERIA; HYDROPHILA; CULTURE AB This report describes the development of a method to detect the waterborne pathogen Aeromonas using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The genus Aeromonas is one of several medically significant genera that have gained prominence due to their evolving taxonomy and controversial role in human diseases. In this study, MALDI-MS was applied to the characterization of seventeen species of Aeromonas. These seventeen species were represented by thirty-two strains, which included type, reference and clinical isolates. Intact cells from each strain were used to generate a reproducible library of protein mass spectral fingerprints or m/z signatures. Under the test conditions used, peak lists of the mass ions observed in each species revealed that three mass ions were conserved among all the seventeen species tested. These common mass ions having an average m/z of 6301, 12,160 or 12,254, and 13,450, can be potentially used as genus-specific biomarkers to identify Aeromonas in unknown samples. A dendrogram generated using the m/z signatures of all the strains tested indicated that the mass spectral data contained sufficient information to distinguish between genera, species, and strains. There are several advantages of using MALDI-NIS based protein mass spectral fingerprinting of whole cells for the identification of microorganisms as well as for their differentiation at the sub-species level: (1) the capability to detect proteins, (2) high throughput, and (3) relatively simple sample preparation techniques. The accuracy and speed with which data can be obtained makes MALDI-MS a powerful tool especially suited for environmental monitoring and detection of biological hazards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Donohue, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Donohue.maura@epa.gov NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 380 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.08.005 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 050DU UT WOS:000238068500002 PM 16176841 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Nash, MS Wade, TG Currey, L AF Wickham, JD Nash, MS Wade, TG Currey, L TI Statewide empirical modeling of bacterial contamination of surface waters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli (E. coli); fecal coliform; geospatial analysis; nonpoint source pollution; urbanization; watershed ID DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; FECAL-COLIFORMS; POLLUTION; QUALITY; STORM AB Bacterial contamination of surface waters is attributed to both urban and agricultural land use practices and is one of the most frequently cited reasons for failure to meet standards established under the Clean Water Act (CWA) (P.L. 92-500). Statewide modeling can be used to determine if bacterial contamination occurs predominantly in urban or agricultural settings. Such information is useful for directing future monitoring and allocating resources for protection and restoration activities. Logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of bacterial contamination using watershed factors for the state of Maryland. Watershed factors included land cover, soils, topography, hydrography, locations of septic systems, and animal feeding operations. Results indicated that bacterial contamination occurred predominantly in urban settings. Likelihood of bacterial contamination was highest for small watersheds with well drained and erodible soils and a high proportion of urban land adjacent to streams. The number of septic systems and animal feeding operations and the amount of agricultural land were not significant explanatory factors. The urban infrastructure tends to "connect" more of the watershed to the stream network through the creation of roads, storm sewers, and wastewater treatment plants. This may partly explain the relationship between urbanization and bacterial contamination found in this study. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Maryland Dept Environm, Watershed Modeling Div, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04477.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059NA UT WOS:000238738300003 ER PT J AU Mohamoud, YM Parmar, RS AF Mohamoud, YM Parmar, RS TI Estimating streamflow and associated hydraulic geometry, the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ungaged watersheds; discharge; statistics; rivers/streams; regional regression equations; hydraulic geometry ID ANNUAL WATER-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-WATER; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; STORAGE; RIVERS; YIELD AB Methods to estimate streamflow and channel hydraulic geometry were developed for ungaged streams in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Observed mean annual streamflow and associated hydraulic geometry data from 75 gaging stations in the Appalachian Plateau, the Ridge and Valley, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces of the Mid-Atlantic Region were used to develop a set of power functions that relate streamflow to drainage area and hydraulic geometry to streamflow. For all three physiographic provinces, drainage area explained 95 to 98 percent of the variance in mean annual streamflow. Relationships between mean annual streamflow and water surface width and mean flow depth had coefficients of determination that ranged from R-2 = 0.55 to R-2 = 0.91, but the coefficient of determination between mean flow velocity and mean annual streamflow was lower (R-2 = 0.44 to R-2 = 0.54). The advantages of using the regional regression models to estimate streamflow over a conceptual model or a water balance model are its ease of application and reduced input data needs. The prediction of the regression equations were tested with data collected as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). In addition, equations to transfer streamflow from gaged to ungaged streams are presented. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mohamoud, YM (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mohamoud.yusuf@epamail.epa.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 755 EP 768 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04490.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059NA UT WOS:000238738300016 ER PT J AU Bukreyev, A Serra, ME Laham, FR Melendi, GA Kleeberger, SR Collins, PL Polack, FP AF Bukreyev, A Serra, ME Laham, FR Melendi, GA Kleeberger, SR Collins, PL Polack, FP TI The cysteine-rich region and secreted form of the attachment G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus enhance the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response despite lacking major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitopes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; G-PROTEIN; BALB/C MICE; PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE; INNATE IMMUNITY; CELL RESPONSES; FUSION PROTEIN; RSV INFECTION AB The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response is important for the control of viral replication during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The attachment glycoprotein (G) of RSV does not encode major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitopes in BALB/c mice (H-2(d)). Furthermore, studies to date have described an absence of significant CTL activity directed against this protein in humans. Therefore, G previously was not considered necessary for the generation of RSV-specific CTL responses. In this study, we demonstrate that, despite lacking H-2(d)-restricted epitopes, G enhances the generation of an effective CTL response against RSV. Furthermore, we show that this stimulatory effect is independent of virus titers and RSV-induced inflammation; that it is associated primarily with the secreted form of G; and that the effect depends on the cysteine-rich region of G (GCRR), a segment conserved in wild-type isolates worldwide. These findings reveal a novel function for the GCRR with potential implications for the generation of protective cellular responses and vaccine development. C1 NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. INFANT Fundac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Polack, FP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,E5202, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM fpolack@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-054952, R01 AI054952, R21 AI054952] NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 12 BP 5854 EP 5861 DI 10.1128/JVI.02671-05 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 050QV UT WOS:000238103900021 PM 16731924 ER PT J AU Kinzelman, JL Dufour, AP Wymer, LJ Rees, G Pond, KR Bagley, RC AF Kinzelman, JL Dufour, AP Wymer, LJ Rees, G Pond, KR Bagley, RC TI Comparison of multiple point and composite sampling for monitoring bathing water quality SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bathing water quality; composite sampling; E. coli ID BEACH; SITES AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) requires states to develop monitoring and notification programs for recreational waters using approved bacterial indicators. Implementation of an appropriate monitoring program can, under some circumstances, be expensive. This study explored the use of composite sampling at two Racine, Wisconsin beaches over a four month period (n = 68 days) to determine whether compositing can provide a valid. unbiased, and cost-effective measure of water quality. Multiple point sampling occurred throughout the bathing season, with water samples collected daily from three or four fixed locations along each beach. From each individual sample, well-mixed aliquots were combined to form a composite sample. Individual and composite samples were assayed identically for Escherichia coli using Colilert-18 and Quanti-Tray 2000 (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME). Results from this study indicate a reasonable expectation of a simple 1: 1 ratio between the composite samples and the arithmetic mean of the individual samples. Additionally, log variance of the composite sample results did not differ significantly from that of the single sample averages (p > 0.2). Empirical values for log standard deviations varied by no more than 7% between the composite sample and individually assayed samples. Thus compositing. as performed in this study, appears to introduce neither significant bias nor additional variability into the monitoring results and stands as a reasonable alternative to data sets derived from single-sample methods. Regulatory programs adopting this approach could maintain sample integrity while reducing costs associated with recreational water quality assessment. C1 Dept Hlth, Racine, WI 53403 USA. Univ Surrey, Robens Ctr Publ & Environm Hlth, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Askham Bryan Coll, York YO23 3FR, N Yorkshire, England. RP Kinzelman, JL (reprint author), Dept Hlth, City Racine,730 Washington Ave, Racine, WI 53403 USA. EM julie.kinzelman@cityofracine.org NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 053ST UT WOS:000238326100001 ER PT J AU Pruell, RJ Taplin, BK Lake, JL Jayaraman, S AF Pruell, Richard J. Taplin, Bryan K. Lake, James L. Jayaraman, Saro TI Nitrogen isotope ratios in estuarine biota collected along a nutrient gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Narragansett Bay; delta N-15; nitrogen isotopes; coastal eutrophication; nutrients; estuarine species ID NEW-ENGLAND; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WAQUOIT BAY; SALT-MARSH; FOOD WEBS; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; SEASONAL-VARIATION; GEUKENSIA-DEMISSA; TROPHIC POSITION AB Stable nitrogen isotope ratios were used to study the incorporation of anthropogenically-derived nitrogen into the food webs of salt marsh systems along a contamination gradient in Narragansett Bay. Nitrogen isotope ratios (delta N-15) were measured in six estuarine species collected from three marshes along this gradient, monthly from June to October between 1997 and 1999. A significant decrease in delta N-15 was found with distance along the estuary for four of the six species. Significant differences were found among monthly isotope ratios for some species. Nitrogen isotope ratios in sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) increased during the summer season with highest delta N-15 values measured during September and October. This trend was most pronounced at the station receiving the highest nutrient inputs. Elevated delta N-15 values at this station appeared to correlate with seawater ammonia/nitrate concentration ratios. The temporal variations in delta N-15 suggest that care should be taken in species selection and the design of sampling schemes of studies using delta N-15 for monitoring anthropogenic nutrients in aquatic systems. Sampling programs designed to determine long-term trends should consider species that do not show rapid fluctuations in isotope ratios. The mud snail, Nassarius obsoletus, responded this way in the present study. Studies designed to measure short-term changes should include species such as U. lactuca, which rapidly respond to isotope changes. The results from this study also help to establish a baseline for nitrogen isotope values in Narragansett Bay. This information can be used to monitor future trends in nitrogen inputs to this estuary. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Pruell, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM pruell.richard@epa.gov NR 49 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.10.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058UV UT WOS:000238691000013 PM 16300802 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Keun, HC Eads, CD Furnish, CM Rockett, JC Dix, DJ AF Ekman, Drew R. Keun, Hector C. Eads, Charles D. Furnish, Carrie M. Rockett, John C. Dix, David J. TI Metabolomic evaluation of rat liver and testis to characterize the toxicity of triazole fungicides SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; triadimefon; metabolomics; metabonomics; triazoles; NMR ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; TESTICULAR DAMAGE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; URINARY CREATINE; PROTON NMR; BETAINE; HEPATOTOXICITY; CHOLINE; PLASMA AB The effects of two triazole fungicides, myclobutanil and triadimefon, on endogenous rat metabolite profiles in blood serum, liver, and testis was assessed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR) spectroscopy. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage for 14 days with myclobutanil or triadimefon, at two dose levels for each triazole. Following exposure, serum, liver, and testis were collected and processed for NMR analysis. principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the resulting spectra were used to determine changes in metabolite profiles as a result of exposure. Using this approach, responses common to both triazoles were identified, as well as responses indicative of differences in the toxicity of these two compounds. Although changes were observed in serum metabolites following exposure, none were robust enough to be considered a biomarker of exposure/effect. A number of metabolic changes were, however, observed in the liver with both triazoles, particularly, in metabolites related to the methionine cycle. The testes of myclobutanil-exposed animals displayed altered levels of creatine and creatinine, consistent with testicular toxicity. Overall, the results of this study Support the possible application of a metabolomics approach to assessing the toxicity of triazole fungicides and identifying biomarkers of exposure and/or effect. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Nat Sci, Div Biomed Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Vallely Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ekman, DR (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ekman.drew@epa.gov NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11306-006-0020-8 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 151AR UT WOS:000245261200002 ER PT J AU Tepolt, CK Bagley, MJ Geller, JB Blum, MJ AF Tepolt, CK Bagley, MJ Geller, JB Blum, MJ TI Characterization of microsatellite loci in the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Carcinus; European green crab; invasive species; marine invasions AB Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Portunidae) has proven a highly successful invasive marine species whose potential economic and ecological impacts are of great concern worldwide. Here, we characterize 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in C. maenas and its sister species Carcinus aestuarii. These markers will prove useful for fine-scale genetic analyses of native and introduced populations, for assessment of the sources and routes of invasion and for evaluation of post-invasion population dynamics. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Bagley, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bagley.mark@epa.gov NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01226.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 043XJ UT WOS:000237635900015 ER PT J AU Cidlowski, JA AF Cidlowski, JA TI Molecular Endocrinology: Today and tomorrow SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1200 EP 1200 DI 10.1210/me.2006-1115 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 046JC UT WOS:000237806900005 ER PT J AU Logroscino, G Chen, HL Wing, A Ascherio, A AF Logroscino, G Chen, HL Wing, A Ascherio, A TI Blood donations, iron stores, and risk of Parkinson's disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE iron; blood donation; Parkinson's disease; risk cohort studies ID SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; HEART-DISEASE; BRAIN; SERUM; MEN AB Iron overload and systemic iron stores may be important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We therefore examined the association between blood donations, which reduce body iron stores, and risk of PD in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, a large cohort investigation of U.S. men. Our hypothesis was that blood donation reduces the risk of PD by lowering systemic iron stores. Although the number of blood donations was inversely related to the ferritin levels in a subsample of the study population, no association was found between the number of blood donations and risk of PD (P for trend = 0.6). Unexpectedly, the risk of PD was higher among men who reported recent multiple blood donations (P for trend = 0.05). The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that reduced systemic iron stores lower the risk of PD. (c) 2006 Movement Disorder Society. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Logroscino, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, HSPG 3-819,677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM glogrosc@hsph.harvard.edu RI LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/K-5148-2016; OI LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/0000-0003-0423-3242; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1002/mds.20826 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 056YJ UT WOS:000238560700015 PM 16453313 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Storm, MJ Ball, JT Johnson, DW AF Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Storm, MJ Ball, JT Johnson, DW TI CO2 and N-fertilization effects on fine-root length, production, and mortality: a 4-year ponderosa pine study SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fine-root dynamics; Pinus ponderosa; carbon dioxide; nitrogen fertilization ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; SOIL RESPIRATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; FIELD SOIL; GROWTH AB We conducted a 4-year study of juvenile Pinus ponderosa fine root (<= 2 mm) responses to atmospheric CO2 and N-fertilization. Seedlings were grown in open-top chambers at three CO2 levels (ambient, ambient + 175 mu mol/mol, ambient + 350 mu mol/mol) and three N-fertilization levels (0, 10, 20 g m(-2) year(-1)). Length and width of individual roots were measured from minirhizotron video images bimonthly over 4 years starting when the seedlings were 1.5 years old. Neither CO2 nor N- fertilization treatments affected the seasonal patterns of root production or mortality. Yearly values of fine-root length standing crop (m m(-2)), production (m m(-2) year(-1)), and mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) were consistently higher in elevated CO2 treatments throughout the study, except for mortality in the first year; however, the only statistically significant CO2 effects were in the fine-root length standing crop (m m(-2)) in the second and third years, and production and mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) in the third year. Higher mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) in elevated CO2 was due to greater standing crop rather than shorter life span, as fine roots lived longer in elevated CO2. No significant N-effects were noted for annual cumulative production, cumulative mortality, or mean standing crop. N availability did not significantly affect responses of fine-root standing crop, production, or mortality to elevated CO2. Multi-year studies at all life stages of trees are important to characterize belowground responses to factors such as atmospheric CO2 and N- fertilization. This study showed the potential for juvenile ponderosa pine to increase fine root C pools and C fluxes through root mortality in response to elevated CO2. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Int Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Fireball Informat Technol, Reno, NV 89509 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Phillips.Donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 60 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046FH UT WOS:000237796300016 PM 16547735 ER PT J AU Cotton, RB Hazinski, TA Morrow, JD Roberts, LJ Zeldin, DC Lindstrom, DP Lappalainen, U Law, AB Steele, S AF Cotton, RB Hazinski, TA Morrow, JD Roberts, LJ Zeldin, DC Lindstrom, DP Lappalainen, U Law, AB Steele, S TI Cimetidine does not prevent lung injury in newborn premature infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; PULMONARY CYTOCHROME-P450; DUCTUS-ARTERIOSUS; OXYGEN; RATS; MECHANISM; 1-AMINOBENZOTRIAZOLE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROSTANOIDS; INHIBITION AB Animal studies have shown that induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the lung by oxygen exposure may result in the release of free radical oxidants and arachidonic acid metabolites, which can cause lung injury that is reduced by treatment with cimetidine, a CYP inhibitor. To determine whether cimetidine would reduce lung injury in human infants at risk for chronic lung disease, we conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we administered either cimetidine or a placebo for 10 d beginning < 24 h after birth to 84 newborn infants weighing <= 1250 g who were receiving O-2 and mechanical ventilation. Cimetidine had no significant effect on severity of respiratory insufficiency assessed at 10 d postnatal age. F-2-isoprostane levels (a marker of oxidant injury) in tracheal aspirates were significantly higher in the cimetidine group at 4 d and at 10 d. There were no significant differences between the groups in tracheal aspirate levels of inflammatory markers (leukotriene B-4, IL-8, and nucleated cell count) or arachidonic acid metabolites. We conclude that cimetidine does not reduce lung injury in newborn premature infants receiving O-2 and mechanical ventilation. It is possible that cimetidine was not an adequate CYP inhibitor in this context. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cotton, RB (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 11111 Doctors Off Tower,2200 Childrens Way, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM robert.cotton@vanderbilt.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56697]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26657, P30 DK026657]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42056, P01 GM015431, R37 GM042056, GM15431, R01 GM042056, P50 GM015431] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 795 EP 800 DI 10.1203/01.pdr.0000219397.35473.5f PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 047CW UT WOS:000237858400009 PM 16641218 ER PT J AU Dallas, S Miller, DS Bendayan, R AF Dallas, Shannon Miller, David S. Bendayan, Reina TI Multidrug resistance-associated proteins: Expression and function in the central nervous system SO PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; CONJUGATE EXPORT PUMP; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER; P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ATP-DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULES AB Drug delivery to the brain is highly restricted, since compounds must cross a series of structural and metabolic barriers to reach their final destination, often a cellular compartment such as neurons, microglia, or astrocytes. The primary barriers to the central nervous system are the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Through structural modifications, including the presence of tight junctions that greatly limit paracellular transport, the cells that make up these barriers restrict diffusion of many pharmaceutically active compounds. In addition, the cells that comprise the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers express multiple ATP-dependent, membrane-bound, efflux transporters, such as members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family, which contribute to lowered drug accumulation. A relatively new concept in brain drug distribution just beginning to be explored is the possibility that cellular components of the brain parenchyma could act as a "second" barrier to brain permeation of pharmacological agents via expression of many of the same transporters. Indeed, efflux transporters expressed in brain parenchyma may facilitate the overall export of xenobiotics from the central nervous system, essentially handing them off to the barrier tissues. We propose that these primary and secondary barriers work in tandem to limit overall accumulation and distribution of xenobiotics in the central nervous system. The present review summarizes recent knowledge in this area and emphasizes the clinical significance of MRP transporter expression in a variety of neurological disorders. C1 Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dallas, S (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 19 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada. EM r.bendayan@utoronto.ca FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 281 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0031-6997 J9 PHARMACOL REV JI Pharmacol. Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 2 BP 140 EP 161 DI 10.1124/pr.58.2.3 PG 22 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 044QQ UT WOS:000237687700004 PM 16714484 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA White, P AF Chiu, WA White, P TI Steady-state solutions to PBPK models and their applications to risk assessment I: Route-to-route extrapolation of volatile chemicals SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model; risk assessment; route-to-route extrapolation; toxicokinetics ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; HUMANS; RATS; METABOLITES; MICE AB Although analysis of in vivo pharmacokinetic data necessitates use of time-dependent physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, risk assessment applications are often driven primarily by steady-state and/or integrated (e.g., AUC) dosimetry. To that end, we present an analysis of steady-state solutions to a PBPK model for a generic volatile chemical metabolized in the liver. We derive an equivalent model that is much simpler and contains many fewer parameters than the full PBPK model. The state of the system can be specified by two state variables-the rate of metabolism and the rate of clearance by exhalation. For a given oral dose rate or inhalation exposure concentration, the system state only depends on the blood-air partition coefficient, metabolic constants, and the rates of blood flow to the liver and of alveolar ventilation. At exposures where metabolism is close to linear, only the effective first-order metabolic rate is needed. Furthermore, in this case, the relationship between cumulative exposure and average internal dose (e.g., AUCs) remains the same for time-varying exposures. We apply our analysis to oral-inhalation route extrapolation, showing that for any dose metric, route equivalence only depends on the parameters that determine the system state. Even if the appropriate dose metric is unknown, bounds can be placed on the route-to-route equivalence with very limited data. We illustrate this analysis by showing that it reproduces exactly the PBPK-model-based route-to-route extrapolation in EPA's 2000 risk assessment for vinyl chloride. Overall, we find that in many cases, steady-state solutions exactly reproduce or closely approximate the solutions using the full PBPK model, while being substantially more transparent. Subsequent work will examine the utility of steady-state solutions for analyzing cross-species extrapolation and intraspecies variability. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00762.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 055IG UT WOS:000238442900020 PM 16834633 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, RP White, P Cogliano, VJ AF Subramaniam, RP White, P Cogliano, VJ TI Comparison of cancer slope factors using different statistical approaches SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cancer guidelines; cancer slope factor; confidence limit; IRIS; multistage model ID RISK AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's cancer guidelines (USEPA, 2005) present the default approach for the cancer slope factor (denoted here as s*) as the slope of the linear extrapolation to the origin, generally drawn from the 95% lower confidence limit on dose at the lowest prescribed risk level supported by the data. In the past, the cancer slope factor has been calculated as the upper 95% confidence limit on the coefficient (q(1)*)of the linear term of the multistage model for the extra cancer risk over background. To what extent do the two approaches differ in practice? We addressed this issue by calculating s* and q(1)* for 102 data sets for 60 carcinogens using the constrained multistage model to fit the dose-response data. We also examined how frequently the fitted dose-response curves departed appreciably from linearity at low dose by comparing q(1), the coefficient of the linear term in the multistage polynomial, with a slope factor, s(c), derived from a point of departure based on the maximum liklihood estimate of the dose-response. Another question we addressed is the extent to which s* exceeded sc for various levels of extra risk. For the vast majority of chemicals, the prescribed default EPA methodology for the cancer slope factor provides values very similar to that obtained with the traditionally estimated q(1)*. At 10% extra risk, q(1)*/s* is greater than 0.3 for all except one data set; for 82% of the data sets, q(1)* is within 0.9 to 1.1 of s*. At the 10% response level, the interquartile range of the ratio, s*/s(c), is 1.4 to 2.0. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Enviornm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. RP Subramaniam, RP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Enviornm Assessment, Mailcode 8623-D,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Subramaniam.Ravi@epa.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00769.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 055IG UT WOS:000238442900023 PM 16834636 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Kato, K Wolf, C Samandar, E Silva, SS Gray, EL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Kato, K Wolf, C Samandar, E Silva, SS Gray, EL Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Urinary biomarkers of di-isononyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-isononyl phthalate; DiNP; monoisononyl phthalate; biomonitoring; plasticizer; biomarkers; exposure; oxidative metabolism ID DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-OCTYL PHTHALATE; DIISONONYL PHTHALATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; CHILDRENS PRODUCTS; ORAL-EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; TOXICITY; ABSORPTION AB Commercial di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a mixture of various branched-chain dialkyl phthalates mainly containing nine-carbon alkyl isomers. At high doses in rodents, DiNP is a carcinogen, and a developmental toxicant. After exposure, the diester isomers are de-esterified to form hydrolytic monoesters, monoisononyl phthalates (MiNP), which subsequently metabolize to form oxidative metabolites. These metabolites can be excreted in urine or feces. The urinary excretion of DiNP metabolites was monitored in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of a single dose (300 mg/kg) of commercial DiNP. The metabolites were extracted from urine, resolved with high performance liquid chromatography, analyzed by mass spectrometry, and tentatively identified based on their chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. Because DiNP is an isomeric mixture, its metabolites were also isomeric mixtures that eluted from the HPLC column with close retention times. Mono(carboxyisooctyl)phthalate (MCiOP) was identified as the major metabolite of DiNP; in addition, mono(hydroxy-isononyl)phthalate (MHiNP) and mono(oxo-isononyl)phthalate (MOiNP) were present. Furthermore, metabolites of di-isooctyl phthalate (DiOP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP) were also detected. Excretion toxicokinetics of the DiNP metabolites in urine followed a biphasic pattern with initial rapid decay in concentration. Despite potential differences in the metabolism of DiNP among species, MCiOP, MHiNP and MONP were detected in humans with no known exposure to DiNP at levels significantly higher than MiNP suggesting that these oxidative metabolites may be better urinary biomarkers of human exposure to DiNP than is MiNP. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F53,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 223 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.03.005 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 053ZY UT WOS:000238346300011 PM 16697098 ER PT J AU Venkata, NG Robinson, JA Cabot, PJ Davis, B Monteith, GR Roberts-Thomson, SJ AF Venkata, NG Robinson, JA Cabot, PJ Davis, B Monteith, GR Roberts-Thomson, SJ TI Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate activation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors alpha and gamma in breast SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MEHP; MBP; PPAR; human; breast ID CANCER CELL-LINES; PPAR-ALPHA; RETINOIC ACID; IN-VITRO; DELTA; EXPRESSION; MCF-7; RATS; METABOLITES; MONOESTERS AB The phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are environmental contaminants with significant human exposures. Both compounds are known reproductive toxins in rodents and DEHP also induces rodent hepatocarcinogenesis in a process believed to be mediated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). DEHP and DBP are metabolised to their respective monoesters, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), which are the active metabolites. MEHP also activates another member of the PPAR subfamily, PPAR gamma. The effects of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma activation in human breast cells appears to be opposing; PPAR alpha activators in breast cells cause an increase in proliferation, while PPAR gamma activation in breast cells is associated with differentiation and an inhibition of cell proliferation. Further to this the activation of the PPARs is cell and ligand specific, suggesting the importance of examining the effect of MEHP and MBP on the activation of PPAR alpha, PPAR beta and PPAR gamma in human breast. We used the common model of human breast cancer MCF-7 and examined the ability of MEHP and MBP to activate human PPARs in this system. The ability of MBP and MEHP to block PPAR responses was also assessed. We found that both human PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma were activated by MEHP whereas MEHP could not activate PPAR beta. MBP was unable to activate any PPAR isoforms in this breast model, despite being a weak peroxisome proliferator in liver, although MBP was an antagonist for both PPAR gamma and PPAR beta. Our results suggest that the toxicological consequences of MEHP in the breast could be complex given the opposing effects of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma in human breast cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Womens Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Roberts-Thomson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Steele Bldg 03, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM S.Roberts-Thomson@pharmacy.uq.edu.au RI Monteith, Gregory/B-1626-2008; Roberts-Thomson, Sarah/B-4282-2011; Cabot, Peter/B-2424-2013 OI Monteith, Gregory/0000-0002-4345-530X; Roberts-Thomson, Sarah/0000-0001-8202-5786; Cabot, Peter/0000-0003-1778-3753 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 3 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.11.001 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 037EM UT WOS:000237129500007 PM 16326050 ER PT J AU Macauley, JJ Qiang, ZM Adams, CD Surampalli, R Mormile, MR AF Macauley, JJ Qiang, ZM Adams, CD Surampalli, R Mormile, MR TI Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disinfection; antibiotic resistance; swine wastewater; chlorine; ultraviolet light; ozone ID ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; UV; PHARMACEUTICALS; EFFLUENT; BACTERIA; MONOCHLORAMINE; INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; CONSTANT AB Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. There is currently no regulation or control of these systems to prevent the spread of these bacteria and their genes for antibiotic resistance into other environments. This study was conducted to determine the disinfection potential of chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone against swine lagoon bacteria. Results indicate that a chlorine dose of 30mg/L could achieve a 2.2-3.4 log bacteria reduction in lagoon samples. However, increasing the dose of chlorine did not significantly enhance the disinfection activity due to the presence of chlorine-resistant bacteria. The chlorine resistant bacteria were identified to be closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. A significant percentage of lagoon bacteria were not susceptible to the four selected antibiotics: chlortetracycline, lincomycin, sulfamethazine and tetracycline (TET). However, the presence of both chlorine and TET could inactivate all bacteria in one lagoon sample. The disinfection potential of UV irradiation and ozone was also examined. Ultraviolet light was an effective bacterial disinfectant, but was unlikely to be economically viable due to its high energy requirements. At an ozone dose of 100mg/L, the bacteria inactivation efficiency could reach 3.3-3.9 log. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Mormile, MR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, 105 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM mmormile@umr.edu OI Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 94 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2017 EP 2026 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.021 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 051RF UT WOS:000238177700011 PM 16678233 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Hubbard, DE Werlin, KB Haugerud, NJ Powell, KA Thompson, J Johnson, T AF Chipps, SR Hubbard, DE Werlin, KB Haugerud, NJ Powell, KA Thompson, J Johnson, T TI Association between wetland disturbance and biological attributes in floodplain wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland bioassessment; Missouri River floodplain; biological metrics; invertebrate diversity; plant richness; mosquito larvae ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MISSOURI RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; LAND-USE; INDEX; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; STREAMS AB y We quantified the influence of agricultural activities on environmental and biological conditions of floodplain wetlands in the upper Missouri River basin. Seasonally-flooded wetlands were characterized as low impact (non-disturbed) or high impact (disturbed) based on local land use. Biological data collected from these wetlands were used to develop a wetland condition index (WCI). Fourteen additional wetlands were sampled to evaluate the general condition of seasonally-flooded floodplain wetlands. Structural and functional attributes of macrophyte, algae, and macroinvertebrate communities were tested as candidate metrics for assessing biotic responses. The WCI we developed used six biological metrics to discriminate between disturbed and non-disturbed wetlands: 1) biomass of Culicidae larvae, 2) abundance of Chironomidae larvae, 3) macroinvertebrate diversity, 4) total number of plant species, 5) the proportion of exotic plant species, and 6) total number of sensitive diatom species. Disturbed wetlands had less taxa richness and species diversity and more exotic and nuisance (e.g., mosquitoes) species. Environmental differences between low and high impact wetlands included measures of total potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, alkalinity, conductance, and sediment phosphorus concentration. Canonical analyses showed that WCI scores were weakly correlated (P = 0.057) with environmental variables in randomly selected wetlands. In addition, mean WCI score for random wetlands was higher than that for high impact wetlands, implying that floodplain wetlands were less impacted by the types of agricultural activities affecting high impact sites. Inter-year sampling of some wetlands revealed that WCI metrics were correlated in 2000 and 2001, implying that biological metrics provided useful indicators of disturbance in floodplain wetlands. C1 S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 77 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 30 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[497:ABWDAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700020 ER PT J AU Piquemal, JP Pilme, J AF Piquemal, Jean-Philip Pilme, Julien TI Comments on the nature of the bonding in oxygenated dinuclear copper enzyme models SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE copper; ELF; QTAIM; topological analysis; tyrosinase; hemocyanin; DFT; CASSCF ID ELECTRON LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; DIOXYGEN BINDING; ACTIVE-SITE; MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATECHOL OXIDASE; CHEMICAL-BONDS; COMPLEXES; TYROSINASE AB The nature of the bonding in model complexes of di-copper metalloenzymes has been analyzed by means of the electronic localization function (ELF) and by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The constrained space orbital variations (CSOV) approach has also been used. Density functional theory (DFT) and CASSCF calculations have been carried out on several models of tyrosinase such as the sole Cu(2)O(2)(2+) central core, the Cu(2)O(2)(NE(3))(6)(2+) complex and the Cu(2)O(2)(Imidazol)(6)(2+) complex. The influence on the central Cu(2)O(2) Moiety of both levels of calculation and ligand environment have been discussed. The distinct bonding modes have been characterized for the two major known structures: [Cu(2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-O(2))](2+) and [Cu(2)(mu-O(2))](2+). Particular attention has been given to the analysis of the O-O and Cu-O bonds and the nature of the bonding modes has also been analyzed in terms of mesomeric structures. The ELF topological approach shows a significant conservation of the topology between the DFT and CASSCF approaches. Particularly, three-center Cu-O-Cu bonds are observed when the ligands are attached to the central core. At the DFT level, the importance of self interaction effects are emphasized. Although, the DFT approach does not appear to be suitable for the computation of the electronic structure of the isolated Cu(2)O(2) central core, competitive self interaction mechanisms lead to an imperfect but acceptable model when using imidazol ligands. Our results confirm to a certain extent the observations of [M.F. Rode, H.J. Werner, Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 4-5 (2005) 247.] who found a qualitative agreement between B3LYP and localized MRCI calculations when dealing with the Cu(2)O(2) central core with six ammonia ligands. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Computat Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Chim Lab, CNRS, UMR 5182, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Piquemal, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Computat Chem Grp, Mail Drop F0-08,111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM piquemalj@niehs.nih.gov; julien.pilme@ens-lyon.fr RI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009; Pilme, Julien/G-4858-2012 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426; FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011886371] NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 764 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.02.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 067IX UT WOS:000239296400010 PM 17893747 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE Kukielczak, B Chignell, C Sik, B Hu, DN Principato, M AF Roberts, JE Kukielczak, B Chignell, C Sik, B Hu, DN Principato, M TI Simulated microgravity induced damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells SO MOLECULAR VISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2005 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID WALL VESSEL BIOREACTOR; FACTOR-H POLYMORPHISM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; UVEAL MELANOCYTES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; LIGHT DAMAGE; RAT RETINA; IN-VITRO; ENVIRONMENT; EYE AB Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the potential damage to the human retina that may occur from weightlessness during space flight using simulated microgravity. Methods: Human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells were cultured for 24 h in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration-designed rotating wall bioreactor vessel to mimic the microgravity environment of space. Single-stranded breaks in hRPE DNA induced by simulated gravity were measured using the comet assay. In addition, the production of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured in these cells 48 h after recovery from simulated microgravity exposure. Results: Simulated microgravity induced single-stranded breaks in the hRPE DNA that were not repaired within 48 h. Furthermore, PG E2 production was dramatically increased 48 h after the initial microgravity-induced damage, indicating the induction of an inflammatory response. There was less DNA damage and no PGE2 release in hRPE cells pretreated with the antiinflammatory agent cysteine during their exposure to microgravity. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that the microgravity environment generated by a NASA-designed rotating wall bioreactor vessel induces an inflammatory response in hRPE cells. This system thus constitutes a new model system for the study of inflammation in the retina, a system that does not involve the introduction of an exogenous chemical agent or supplementary irradiation. This in vitro method may also be useful for testing novel therapeutic approaches for suppression of retinal inflammation. Furthermore, we suggest a safe prophylactic treatment for prevention of acute, transitory, or enhanced age-related permanent blindness in astronauts or flight personnel engaged in long-haul flights. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Chem & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Tissue Culture Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, New York, NY 10003 USA. New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol, New York, NY 10003 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 113 W 60th St, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jroberts@fordham.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOLECULAR VISION PI ATLANTA PA C/O JEFF BOATRIGHT, LAB B, 5500 EMORY EYE CENTER, 1327 CLIFTON RD, N E, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA SN 1090-0535 J9 MOL VIS JI Mol. Vis. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 70 BP 633 EP 638 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology GA 050PB UT WOS:000238099300001 PM 16760899 ER PT J AU Stanier, CO Solomon, PA AF Stanier, Charles O. Solomon, Paul A. TI Preface to special section on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. RP Stanier, CO (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM charles-stanier@uiowa.edu; solomon.paul@epa.gov RI Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016 OI Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D10 AR D10S01 DI 10.1029/2006JD007381 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 049UF UT WOS:000238042100004 ER PT J AU Rogers, KR AF Rogers, KR TI Recent advances in biosensor techniques for environmental monitoring SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE biosensors; bioassays; environmental monitoring ID FLUORESCENCE-BASED ASSAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL STRIPPING DETECTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SCREEN-PRINTED BIOSENSOR; HEAVY-METALS; BACTERIAL BIOSENSOR; PESTICIDE DETECTION AB Biosensors for environmental applications continue to show advances and improvements in areas such as sensitivity, selectivity and simplicity. In addition to detecting and measuring specific compounds or compound classes such as pesticides, hazardous industrial chemicals, toxic metals, and pathogenic bacteria, biosensors and bioanalytical assays have been designed to measure biological effects such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, biological oxygen demand, pathogenic bacteria, and endocrine disruption effects. This article is intended to discuss recent advances in the area of biosensors for environmental applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Exposure Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Exposure Lab LV, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 89 TC 142 Z9 151 U1 9 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 568 IS 1-2 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.067 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 050HY UT WOS:000238079300025 PM 17761264 ER PT J AU Thorne, PS Arbes, SJ Zeldin, DC AF Thorne, PS Arbes, SJ Zeldin, DC TI Endotoxin and asthma - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Thorne, PS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 173 IS 10 BP 1177 EP 1177 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 042MD UT WOS:000237531200021 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Pawlowski, CW Cabezas, H AF Mayer, AL Pawlowski, CW Cabezas, H TI Fisher Information and dynamic regime changes in ecological systems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Informatics (ISEI) CY AUG 26, 2002 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Ecol Informat DE information theory; Fisher Information; ecosystems; dynamic regimes; ecosystem flips ID ICE-CORE RECORD; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LAST DEGLACIATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREENLAND ICE; BIODIVERSITY; OCEAN; STABILITY AB Ecosystems often exhibit transitions between multiple dynamic regimes (or steady states), such as the conversion of oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions and associated aquatic ecological communities, due to natural (or increasingly) anthropogenic disturbances. As ecosystems experience perturbations of varying regularity and intensity, they may either remain within the state space neighborhood of the current regime or neighborhood of a regime with different characteristics. An increasingly integral aspect of many ecological, economic, and social decisions is their impact on the sustainability of particular dynamic regimes of ecosystems. Sustainability entails a human preference for one particular regime versus another, and the persistence of that regime with regard to the human and natural perturbations exacted on the system. Information theory has significantly advanced our ability to quantify the organizational complexity inherent in systems despite imperfect observations or 'signals' from the source system. Fisher Information is one of several measures developed under the theme of estimation theory. Fisher Information can be described in three ways: as a measure of the degree to which a parameter (or state of a system) can be estimated; as a measure of the relative amount of information that exists between different states of a system; as a measure of the disorder or chaos of a system. Fisher Information maybe a useful measure to identify the degree to which a system is at risk of "flipping" into a different dynamic regime. We developed a Fisher Information index for dynamic systems in a periodic steady state and applied it to a simple, two species Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. Changes in the carrying capacity (size) of the system resulted in different stable steady states establishing themselves, each with a characteristic Fisher information. By repeatedly calculating Fisher information over time, transitions or "flips" between steady states were identified with changes in Fisher information. We then examined data collected from four ecological systems (of increasingly large spatial and temporal scale) that have demonstrated regime transitions: the Bering Strait/Pacific Ocean food web; the western Africa savanna; the Florida (USA) pine-oak system; the global climate system. These datasets are noisy and reflect several to many cycles that are out of phase, which complicates the identification of both dynamic regimes and transitions. If transition phases between regimes can be detected early enough, human activity suspected of contributing to regime changes can be altered (or continued if the resultant steady state is desirable, such as in ecosystem restoration efforts). (c) 200S Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 60 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 195 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.011 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047QB UT WOS:000237892700010 ER PT J AU Hageman, KJ Simonich, SL Campbell, DH Wilson, GR Landers, DH AF Hageman, KJ Simonich, SL Campbell, DH Wilson, GR Landers, DH TI Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the Western United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINANTS; BEHAVIOR; DICOFOL; AREAS; LAKES AB The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U. S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples collected in spring 2003 from seven national parks are presented herein. From a target analyte list of 47 pesticides and degradation products, the most frequently detected current-use pesticides were dacthal, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, whereas the most frequently detected historic-use pesticides were dieldrin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene. Correlation analysis with latitude, temperature, elevation, particulate matter, and two indicators of regional pesticide use reveal that regional current and historic agricultural practices are largely responsible for the distribution of pesticides in the national parks in this study. Pesticide deposition in the Alaskan parks is attributed to long-range transport because there are no significant regional pesticide sources. The percentage of total pesticide concentration due to regional transport (%RT) was calculated for the other parks. %RT was highest at parks with higher regional cropland intensity and for pesticides with lower vapor pressures and shorter half-lives in air. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Simonich, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@orst.edu OI Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES00210] NR 32 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3174 EP 3180 DI 10.1021/es060157c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500012 PM 16749678 ER PT J AU Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Fornage, M Seubert, JM Newman, JW Hammock, BD Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC AF Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Fornage, M Seubert, JM Newman, JW Hammock, BD Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC TI Genetic variation in soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) and risk of coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EPOXYGENASE-DERIVED EICOSANOIDS; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; YOUNG-ADULTS; POLYMORPHISM AB Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the vasculature and regulates endothelial function. We sought to determine whether genetic variation in soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was associated with the risk of CHD. We genotyped 2065 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (1085 incident CHD cases, 980 non-cases) for 10 previously identified polymorphisms in EPHX2. Using a case-cohort design, associations between incident CHD risk and both non-synonymous EPHX2 polymorphisms and phase-reconstructed haplotypes were evaluated using proportional hazards regression. Individuals carrying the K55R polymorphism variant allele demonstrated higher apparent soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in vivo. Presence of the K55R variant allele was significantly more common among Caucasian CHD cases when compared with non-cases (20.8% versus 15.3%, respectively, P=0.012), and was associated with significantly higher risk of incident CHD (adjusted hazard rate ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.01, P=0.026). A significant association between the K55R variant allele and risk of CHD was not observed in African-Americans. The distribution of reconstructed haplotypes were significantly different in Caucasian cases when compared with non-cases (P=0.021). Significant differences in haplotype distribution were not observed in African-Americans (P=0.315). Genetic variation in EPHX2 was significantly associated with risk of incident CHD in Caucasians, implicating EPHX2 as a potential cardiovascular disease-susceptibility gene. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Inst Mol Med Prevent Human Dis, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55018, HL073366, HL69126, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01HC55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, R01 HL069126, R01 HL073366]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012856, ES02710, ES04699, F32 ES012856, P42 ES004699, R01 ES002710, R37 ES002710]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS41466, R01 NS041466]; PHS HHS [NL59699-06A1] NR 43 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1640 EP 1649 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddl085 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 039QB UT WOS:000237320200009 PM 16595607 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, R Dunn, C Corton, JC AF Voss, KA Riley, R Dunn, C Corton, JC TI The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in modulating the effects of fumonisin in mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; fumonisin; tumor necrosis factor alpha; apoptosis; hepatocyte proliferation; sphingolipids ID MICE LACKING TYPE-1; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PPAR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; CELL-PROLIFERATION; F344 RATS; B-1; REGENERATION; APOPTOSIS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides found in corn and corn-based foods, and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. Exposure of rodents to fumonisin B-1 causes hepatotoxicity and results in alterations in the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in the liver. As the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ce (PPAR alpha) also modulate hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, we tested the hypothesis that fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity in the liver is modulated by these factors. We examined the effects of dietary exposure to a fumonisin-containing culture material (CM) of the fungus F verticillioides for 8 days or 5 weeks in the livers of mice lacking either TNF alpha or PPAR alpha. Compared to wild-type mice TNF alpha-null mice exhibited increased hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, PPAR alpha-null and wild-type mice were found to exhibit similar patterns of hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation when fed the CM diet. Overall, these findings provide evidence that TNF alpha, but not PPAR alpha, plays a role in modulating fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Published by Elsevier Ireland ltd. C1 USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, MD B143, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 3 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 043SB UT WOS:000237620800001 PM 16574297 ER PT J AU Plopper, CG Mango, GW Hatch, GE Wong, VJ Toskala, E Reynolds, SD Tarkington, BK Stripp, BR AF Plopper, CG Mango, GW Hatch, GE Wong, VJ Toskala, E Reynolds, SD Tarkington, BK Stripp, BR TI Elevation of susceptibility to ozone-induced acute tracheobronchial injury in transgenic mice deficient in Clara cell secretory protein SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CCSP; oxidant; lung; mouse ID DOSE-DEPENDENT TOLERANCE; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BRONCHIOLAR EPITHELIUM; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; LUNG SUBCOMPARTMENTS; RATS; CYTOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; MONKEYS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Increases in Clara cell abundance or cellular expression of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) may cause increased tolerance of the lung to acute oxidant injury by repeated exposure to ozone (03). This study defines how disruption of the gene for CCSP synthesis affects the susceptibility of tracheobronchial epithelium to acute oxidant injury. Mice homozygous for a null allele of the CCSP gene (CCSP-/-) and wild type (CCSP+/+) littermates were exposed to ozone (0.2 ppm, 8 h; 1 ppm, 8 h) or filtered air. Injury was evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the abundance of necrotic, ciliated, and nonciliated cells was estimated by morphometry. Proximal and midlevel intrapulmonary airways and terminal bronchioles were evaluated. There was no difference in airway epithelial composition between CCSP+/+ and CCSP-/- mice exposed to filtered air, and exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone caused little injury to the epithelium of both CCSP+/+ and CCSP-/- mice. After exposure to 1.0 ppm ozone, CCSP-/- mice suffered from a greater degree of epithelial injury throughout the airways compared to CCSP+/+ mice. CCSP-/- mice had both ciliated and nonciliated cell injury. Furthermore, lack of CCSP was associated with a shift in airway injury to include proximal airway generations. Therefore, we conclude that CCSP modulates the susceptibility of the epithelium to oxidant-induced injury. Whether this is due to the presence of CCSP on the acellular lining layer surface and/or its intracellular distribution in the secretory cell population needs to be defined. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Calif Natl Primate Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Plopper, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Calif Natl Primate Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cgplopper@ucdavis.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08964, ES00628] NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 213 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.003 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 045BT UT WOS:000237718300009 PM 16226776 ER PT J AU Schultz, GE Carver, GT Drake, JW AF Schultz, GE Carver, GT Drake, JW TI A role for replication repair in the genesis of templated mutations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage T4; mutator mutations; UvsX recombinase; replication repair; templated mutations ID DNA POLYMERASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BAR LOCUS; BACTERIOPHAGE-T4; SEQUENCES; QUASIPALINDROME; MUTAGENESIS; HOTSPOT AB Replication repair mediates error-free bypass of DNA damage in a series of steps that include regression of the replication fork, primer-terminus switching to use the other daughter strand as an undamaged template, primer extension, primer switching back to its cognate template with the primer terminus now having bypassed the damage, and fork rearrangement to a normal configuration. By both genetic and biochemical criteria, bacteriophage T4 catalyzes replication repair with two alternative sets of proteins, one including the gp32 SSB and the gp41 DNA helicase and the other including the UvsX recombinase. In each pathway, synthesis is conducted by the gp43 DNA polymerase. Here we show that defects in gp32, gp41 or UvsX that impair replication repair also increase mutation rates generally, but especially for templated mutations. Such templated mutations are associated with palindromic or direct repeats that are either perfect or imperfect. Models of templated mutagenesis require that the primer terminus switches to an ectopic template, but one that yields mutations instead of error-free bypass. We suggest that the proteins that conduct replication repair normally direct a blocked primer strand specifically to the other daughter strand with considerable accuracy, but that strand switching becomes promiscuous when these proteins are mutationally impaired, thus promoting templated mutations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM drake@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 12 PY 2006 VL 358 IS 4 BP 963 EP 973 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.02.079 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 042YR UT WOS:000237567000003 PM 16574154 ER PT J AU Kim, YM Reed, W Wu, WD Bromberg, PA Graves, LM Samet, JM AF Kim, YM Reed, W Wu, WD Bromberg, PA Graves, LM Samet, JM TI Zn2+-induced IL-8 expression involves AP-1, JNK, and ERK activities in human airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interleukin-8; zinc; activating protein-1; c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase; metal; particulate matter ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED INTERLEUKIN-8 EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY; ZINC-OXIDE FUME; MAP KINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; UTAH VALLEY; PULMONARY RESPONSES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Exposure to zinc-laden particulate matter in ambient and occupational settings has been associated with proinflammatory responses in the lung. IL-8 is an important proinflammatory cytokine in the human lung and is induced in human airway epithelial cells exposed to zinc. In this study, we examined the cellular mechanisms responsible for Zn2+-induced IL-8 expression. Zn2+ stimulation resulted in pronounced increases in both IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in the human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). IL-8 promoter activity was significantly increased by Zn2+ exposure in BEAS-2B cells, indicating that Zn2+-induced IL-8 expression is transcriptionally mediated. Mutation of the activating protein (AP)-1 response element in an IL-8 promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein construct reduced Zn2+-induced IL-8 promoter activity. Moreover, Zn2+ exposure of BEAS-2B cells induced the phosphorylation of the AP-1 proteins c-Fos and c-Jun. We observed that Zn2+ exposure induced the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, whereas inhibition of ERK or JNK activity blocked IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in BEAS-2B cells treated with Zn2+. In addition, we investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the activation of signaling by Zn2+. Zn2+ treatment inhibited ERK- and JNK-directed phosphatase activities in BEAS-2B cells. These results suggested that Zn2+-induced inhibition of phosphatase activity is an initiating event in MAPK and AP-1 activation that leads to enhanced IL-8 expression by human airway epithelial cells. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM Samet_James@epa.gov NR 63 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 290 IS 5 BP L1028 EP L1035 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00479.2005 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 030VU UT WOS:000236664000028 PM 16373669 ER PT J AU Hayes, SL White, KM Rodgers, MR AF Hayes, SL White, KM Rodgers, MR TI Assessment of the effectiveness of low-pressure UV light for inactivation of Helicobacter pylori SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; ENVIRONMENT AB Three strains of Helicobacter pylori were exposed to UV light from a low-pressure source to determine log inactivation versus applied fluence. Results indicate that H. pylori is readily inactivated at UV fluences typically used in water treatment regimens. Greater than 4-log(10) inactivation was demonstrated on all three strains at fluences of less than 8 mJ cm(-2). C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hayes, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hayes.sam@epa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 3763 EP 3765 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3763-3765.2006 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 041XV UT WOS:000237491200087 PM 16672531 ER PT J AU Lake, JL Ryba, SA Serbst, JR Libby, AD AF Lake, JL Ryba, SA Serbst, JR Libby, AD TI Mercury in fish scales as an assessment method for predicting muscle tissue mercury concentrations in largemouth bass SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR AB The relationship between total mercury (Hg) concentration in fish scales and in tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from 20 freshwater sites was developed and evaluated to determine whether scale analysis would allow a nonlethal and convenient method for predicting Hg concentrations in tissues. The relationship between total Hg concentration in untreated scale samples and muscle tissue is highly variable. Several different scale treatments were tried in an effort to increase the coefficient of determination and thereby enhance the effectiveness of this predictive technique. Washing scales with acetone, deionized (DI) water, detergent solution, and soap were used in conjunction with ultrasonication. The use of a mild soap solution with heating and ultrasonication increased the r(2) the most (from 0.69 [untreated scales] to 0.89). However, despite treatment, wide predictions of tissue Hg concentration remained. These results suggest that application of this technique as an independent method for issuance of fish advisories is inappropriate. Nevertheless, our results showed that scale analysis has potential for assessing general trends in concentration relative to a tissue criterion and for assessing Hg contamination in fish tissue as a first-level screen. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Rhode Isl Div Fish & Wildlife, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. RP Lake, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr Narragansett, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lake.jim@epa.gov NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-5052-y PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 030GY UT WOS:000236623700010 PM 16435082 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Pongprueksa, P Lindberg, SE Pehkonen, SO Byun, D Jang, C AF Lin, Che-Jen Pongprueksa, Pruek Lindberg, Steve E. Pehkonen, Simo O. Byun, Daewon Jang, Carey TI Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: Model science evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE atmospheric mercury; modeling; chemical mechanism; deposition; mercury speciation; aqueous sorption; cloud water; emission inventory; initial and boundary conditions ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; HALOGEN CHEMISTRY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; INITIATED REACTIONS; WET DEPOSITION AB Eulerian-based, first-principle atmospheric mercury models are a useful tool to assess the transport and deposition of mercury. However, there exist uncertainty issues caused by model assumptions/simplifications and incomplete understanding of mercury science. In this paper, we evaluate the model science commonly implemented in atmospheric mercury models. The causes of the uncertainties are assessed in terms of gas phase chemistry, aqueous phase chemistry. aqueous phase speciation, aqueous phase sorption, dry deposition, wet deposition, initial and boundary conditions, emission inventory preparation, and domain grid resolution. We also present a new dry deposition scheme for estimating the deposition velocities of GEM and RGM based on RADM formulation. From our evaluation, mercury chemistry introduces the greatest uncertainty to models due to the inconsistent kinetic data and lack of deterministic product identification in the atmosphere. Model treatments of deposition velocities and aqueous Hg(II) sorption can also lead to distinct simulation results in mercury dry and wet depositions. Although model results may agree well with limited field data of GEM concentrations and Hg(II) wet deposition, it should be recognized that model uncertainties may compensate with each other to yield favorable model performance. Future research needs to reduce model uncertainties are projected. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM Jerry.Lin@lamar.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Pehkonen, Simo/0000-0002-0362-9176 NR 111 TC 146 Z9 154 U1 8 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 2911 EP 2928 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.009 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 041XK UT WOS:000237489800013 ER PT J AU Howarth, RW Swaney, DP Boyer, EW Marino, R Jaworski, N Goodale, C AF Howarth, R. W. Swaney, D. P. Boyer, E. W. Marino, R. Jaworski, N. Goodale, C. TI The influence of climate on average nitrogen export from large watersheds in the Northeastern United States SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Inter American Nitrogen Network CY MAY, 2005 CL Brasilia, BRAZIL DE nitrogen; nutrients; nitrogen flux; nitrogen pollution; denitrification; climate change; net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs; NANI; watersheds; river; river basin ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FRESH-WATER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NUTRIENT; COASTAL; RIVER; FORESTS; MODEL; USA AB The flux of nitrogen in large rivers in North America and Europe is well explained as a function of the net anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to the landscape, with on average 20 to 25% of these inputs exported in rivers and 75 to 80% of the nitrogen retained or denitrified in the landscape. Here, we use data for average riverine nitrogen fluxes and anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen over a 6-year period (1988-1993) for 16 major watersheds in the northeastern United States to examine if there is also a climatic influence on nitrogen fluxes in rivers. Previous studies have shown that for any given river, nitrogen fluxes are greater in years with higher discharge, but this can be interpreted as storage of nitrogen in the landscape during dry years and.ushing of this stored nitrogen during wet years. Our analyses demonstrate that there is also a longer-term steady-state influence of climate on riverine nitrogen fluxes. Those watersheds that have higher precipitation and higher discharge export a greater fraction of the net anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. This fractional export ranges from 10 to 15% of the nitrogen inputs in drier watersheds in the northeastern United States to over 35% in the wetter watersheds. We believe this is driven by lower rates of denitrification in the wetter watersheds, perhaps because shorter water residence times do not allow for as much denitrification in riparian wetlands and low-order streams. Using mean projections for the consequences of future climate change on precipitation and discharge, we estimate that nitrogen fluxes in the Susquehanna River to Chesapeake Bay may increase by 3 to 17% by 2030 and by 16 to 65% by 2095 due to greater fractional delivery of net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs as precipitation and discharge increase. Although these projections are highly uncertain, they suggest a need to better consider the influence of climate on riverine nitrogen fluxes as part of management efforts to control coastal nitrogen pollution. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Howarth, RW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rwh2@cornell.edu RI Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; NR 50 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 13 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9010-1 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077MI UT WOS:000240033100009 ER PT J AU Hunter, ES Rogers, EH Blanton, MR AF Hunter, ES Rogers, EH Blanton, MR CA USEPA NHEERL RTD ORD TI Minimal role for reactive oxygen species in dichloroacetic acid-induced dysmolphology in mouse whole embryo culture SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ORD, RTD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA 25 BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200026 ER PT J AU Makris, S AF Makris, S CA USEPA TI Introduction, background, and current status of terminology update project SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S5 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200056 ER PT J AU Rogers, JM AF Rogers, JM TI Of mice, men, monkeys and metabolism: An update on the developmental toxicity of methanol SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S13A BP 348 EP 348 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200065 ER PT J AU Mendola, P AF Mendola, P TI The North Carolina Herald pilot study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S22 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200074 ER PT J AU Berman, RF Lawler, C Harry, GJ AF Berman, RF Lawler, C Harry, GJ TI Effects of neonatal thimerosal exposure in SJL mice on measures of sensory gating, anxiety and sociability SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S35 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200086 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Mouton, P Golub, M Lawler, C Berman, R AF Harry, GJ Mouton, P Golub, M Lawler, C Berman, R TI Hipocampal morphology - Effects of litter and neonatal thimerosal exposure in SJL/J mice SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Stereol Res Ctr Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S36 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200087 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Dwyer, T Kasten, C Krotoski, D Linet, MS Olsen, J Scheidt, P Winn, DM AF Brown, RC Dwyer, T Kasten, C Krotoski, D Linet, MS Olsen, J Scheidt, P Winn, DM TI The International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Canc Inst, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. NICHHD, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P3 BP 371 EP 371 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200104 ER PT J AU Henderson, WM Smith, MA AF Henderson, WM Smith, MA TI Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in neonatal mice following in utero exposure to 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P28 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200129 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Best, DS McDonald, A Myers, EA Hunter, ES Simmons, JE AF Narotsky, MG Best, DS McDonald, A Myers, EA Hunter, ES Simmons, JE TI Effects of defined mixtures of Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids on pregnancy maintenance and eye development in F344 rats SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ORD, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, Div Environm Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P29 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200130 ER PT J AU Davis, JR Laessig, SA Kimmel, CA AF Davis, JR Laessig, SA Kimmel, CA TI Pentachlorophenol: Comparison of animal and human reproductive and developmental toxicity SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ass Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P30 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200131 ER PT J AU Sobota, DJ Gregory, SV Van Sickle, J AF Sobota, DJ Gregory, SV Van Sickle, J TI Riparian tree fall directionality and modeling large wood recruitment to streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS; FOREST; DYNAMICS; OREGON; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; USA AB Directionality of tree fall in riparian forests can strongly influence predictions of large wood recruitment to streams, yet accuracy of this model parameter has rarely been assessed with field data. We measured fall directions of 1202 riparian trees distributed among 21 stream sites across the Pacific Northwest, USA. Fall directions were oriented towards the stream at 16 sites, upstream at four sites, and not distinguishable from random at one site. Average tree fall direction across sites was correlated with valley constraint (Spearman r = -0.53; p = 0.02), but variability of fall directions was not correlated with this variable. When grouped by species (six conifers and one deciduous), individual trees exhibited stronger tendency to have fallen towards the channel on steep hillslopes (> 40%) than on moderately sloped landforms (< 40%). Integration of field data into an established recruitment model indicated that 1.5 to 2.4 times more large wood (by number of tree boles) would be recruited to stream reaches with steep hillslopes than to reaches with moderate side slopes or flat banks, if riparian forest conditions are assumed to be constant. We conclude that stream valley topography should be considered in models that use tree fall directions in predictions of large wood recruitment to streams. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Sobota, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sobotad@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1254 DI 10.1139/X06-022 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053DW UT WOS:000238286000017 ER PT J AU McElhinny, SAN Pavlov, YI Kunkel, TA AF McElhinny, SAN Pavlov, YI Kunkel, TA TI Evidence for extrinsic exonucleolytic proofreading SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE proofreading; DNA replication fidelity; DNA repair; mutagenesis; base substitutions; DNA polymerase; exonuclease ID DNA-POLYMERASE-DELTA; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; REPLICATION FIDELITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL ROLES; EXONUCLEASE; IDENTIFICATION; ALPHA; AMPLIFICATION AB Exonucleolytic proofreading of DNA synthesis errors is one of the major determinants of genome stability. However, many DNA transactions that contribute to genome stability require synthesis by polymerases that naturally lack intrinsic 3' exonuclease activity and some of which are highly inaccurate. Here we discuss evidence that errors made by these polymerases may be edited by a separate 3' exonuclease, and we consider how such extrinsic proofreading may differ from proofreading by exonucleases that are intrinsic to replicative DNA polymerases. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 958 EP 962 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 057DC UT WOS:000238575200012 ER PT J AU Loupy, A Varma, RS AF Loupy, Andre Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave effects in organic synthesis - Mechanistic and reaction medium considerations SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED REAGENTS; CHEMISTRY AB The scope of applications of microwave irradiation relates to, a wide spectrum of organic syntheses with numerous benefits (reduction in reaction times, improved purity of products and better yields) encompassing advantages of both thermal and (or) specific non-purely thermal effects of the radiation. When applied to solvent-free methods (Green Chemistry) it results in very efficient and clean procedures, especially in cases involving polar mechanisms with increases in the medium polarity during the progress of the reaction and in the late transition states along the reaction coordinates. C1 Paris S Univ, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CNRS Orsay, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Loupy, A (reprint author), Paris S Univ, 29 Allee Gambauderie, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 0392-839X EI 1973-8250 J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 36 EP + PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 058OY UT WOS:000238675500007 ER PT J AU Richard, AM Gold, LS Nicklaus, MC AF Richard, AM Gold, LS Nicklaus, MC TI Chemical structure indexing of toxicity data on the Internet: Moving toward a flat world SO CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE Carcinogenic Potency Database; chemical structure; chemoinformatic; data mining; structure annotation; structure databases; toxicity data models; toxicity prediction ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; OPEN NCI DATABASE; GENERAL LITERATURE; TOXICOGENOMICS; SUPPLEMENT; BROWSER; CACTVS; INCHI; CPDB AB Standardized chemical structure annotation of public toxicity databases and information resources is playing an increasingly important role in the 'flattening' and integration of diverse sets of biological activity data on the Internet. This review discusses public initiatives that are accelerating the pace of this transformation, with particular reference to toxicology-related chemical information. Chemical content annotators, structure locator services, large structure/data aggregator web sites, structure browsers, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) International Chemical Identifier (InChI) codes, toxicity data models and public chemical/biological activity profiling initiatives are all playing a role in overcoming barriers to the integration of toxicity data, and are bringing researchers closer to the reality of a mineable chemical Semantic Web. An example of this integration of data is provided by the collaboration among researchers involved with the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) project, the Carcinogenic Potency Project, projects at the National Cancer Institute and the PubChem database. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, DHHS,Lab Med Chem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, MD D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES101901] NR 73 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 7 PU THOMSON SCIENTIFIC PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, W1T 4JE, ENGLAND SN 1367-6733 J9 CURR OPIN DRUG DISC JI Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 038KM UT WOS:000237218400003 PM 16729727 ER PT J AU Morgan, DL Price, HC Fernando, R Chanda, SM O'Connor, RW Barone, SS Herr, DW Beliles, RP AF Morgan, DL Price, HC Fernando, R Chanda, SM O'Connor, RW Barone, SS Herr, DW Beliles, RP TI Gestational mercury vapor exposure and diet contribute to mercury accumulation in neonatal rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brain; diet; gestational exposure; kidney; liver; Long-Evans rats; mercury; neonate ID INORGANIC MERCURY; BRAIN; METHYLMERCURY; MILK AB Exposure of pregnant Long-Evans rats to elemental mercury (He) vapor resulted in a significant accumulation of Hg in tissues of neonates. Because elevated Hg in neonatal tissues may adversely affect growth and development, we were interested in how rapidly Hg was eliminated from neonatal issues. Pregnant rats were exposed to 1, 2, or 4 mg Hg-0 vapor/m(3) or air (controls) for 2 hr/day from gestation day 6 (GD6) through GD 15. Neonatal brain, liver, and kidney were analyzed for total Hg at various times between birth and postnatal day 90 (PND90). Milk was analyzed for Hg between birth and weaning (PND21). Before weaning, the Hg levels in neonatal tissues were proportional to maternal exposure concentrations and were highest in kidney followed by liver and then brain. There was no elimination of Hg between birth and weaning, indicating that neonates were exposed continuously to elevated levels of Hg during postpartum growth and development. Consumption of milk from exposed dams resulted in a slight increase in kidney Hg concentration during this period. Unexpectedly, neonatal Hg accumulation increased rapidly after weaning. Increased Hg was measured in both control and exposed neonates and was attributed to consumption of NIH-07 diet containing trace levels of Hg. By PND90, tissue Hg levels equilibrated at concentrations similar to those in unexposed adult Long-Evans rats fed the same diet. These data indicate that dietary exposure to trace amounts of Hg can result in a significantly greater accumulation of Hg in neonates than gestational exposure to high concentrations of He vapor. C1 NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, POB 12233,Mail Stop IF-00,101 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgan3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 114 IS 5 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1289/ehp.8754 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 039LZ UT WOS:000237308500042 PM 16675429 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Schoendorf, KC AF Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Schoendorf, KC TI Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; infant mortality; particulate matter air pollution; PM2.5; postneonatal ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DEATH-SYNDROME; CHILDREN BORN; AMBIENT AB Studies suggest that airborne particulate matter (PM) may be associated with postneonatal infant mortality, particularly with respiratory causes and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To further explore this issue, we examined the relationship between long-term exposure to fine PM air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in California. We linked monitoring data for PM ! 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) to infants born in California in 1999 and 2000 using maternal addresses for mothers who lived within 5 miles of a PM2.5 monitor. We matched each postneonatal infant death to four infants surviving to I year of age, by birth weight category and date of birth (within 2 weeks). For each matched set, we calculated exposure as the average PM2.5 concentration over the period of life for the infant who died. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of postneonatal all-cause, respiratory-related, SIDS, and external-cause (a control category) mortality by exposure to PM2.5, controlling for the matched sets and maternal demographic factors. We matched 788 postneonatal infant deaths to 3,089 infant survivors, with 51 and 120 postneonatal deaths due to respiratory causes and SIDS, respectively. We found an adjusted odds ratio for a 10-mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 of 1.07 [95% confidence interval (Cl), 0.93-1.241 for overall postneonatal mortality, 2.13 (95% Cl, 1.12-4.05) for respiratory- related postneonatal mortality, 0.82 (95% Cl, 0.55-1.23) for SIDS, and 0.83 (95% Cl, 0.50-1-39) for external causes. The California findings add further evidence of a PM air pollution effect on respiratory-related postneonatal infant mortality. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 75 Hawthorne St PPA-1, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM woodruff.tracey@epa.gov NR 25 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 114 IS 5 BP 786 EP 790 DI 10.1289/ehp.8484 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 039LZ UT WOS:000237308500051 PM 16675438 ER PT J AU Martin-Diaz, ML Tuberty, SR Mckenney, CL Blasco, J Sarasquete, C Delvalls, TA AF Martin-Diaz, M. L. Tuberty, S. R. McKenney, C. L., Jr. Blasco, J. Sarasquete, C. Delvalls, T. A. TI The use of bioaccumulation, biomarkers and histopathology diseases in Procambarus clarkii to establish bioavailability of Cd and Zn after a mining spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE metallothionein; vitellogenin; reproduction; heavy metals ID CRAB CARCINUS-MAENAS; CADMIUM-INDUCED METALLOTHIONEIN; PALAEMON-ELEGANS CRUSTACEA; OVARIAN MATURATION; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SW-SPAIN; HEPATOPANCREAS; ACCUMULATION; QUANTIFICATION; VITELLOGENESIS AB Individuals of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (males and females) were exposed simultaneously to cadmium and zinc during 21 days. Exposure concentrations were those determined at the Guadiamar river after the Aznalcollar mining spill (SW, Spain): 10 and 30 mu g L-1 of cadmium and 1000 and 3000 mu g L-1 of zinc. Three biomarkers (MT: metallothioneins like proteins, VTG: vitellogenin/vitellin like proteins and histopathology) together with heavy metal bioaccumulation were determined in soft tissues of male and female P. clarkii. At the concentrations tested, increasing cadmium exposure resulted in increasing cadmium bioaccumulation and increasing subletal effects (induction of MT, VTG and histopathological damage in tissues). Nevertheless, although increasing zinc exposure showed increasing VTG induction and histopathological damages, not a positive relationship was determined with MT induction. Concerning to responses determined in male and female crayfishes only differences were found between sexes at the highest cadmium exposure concentration related to bioaccumulation in hepatopancreas tissues. Biomarkers responses to heavy metal contamination in this crayfish, even VTG induction not before tested in heavy metal contamination assessment in crustaceans resulted potential tools for the monitoring of heavy metal environmental contamination. C1 Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Cadiz 11510, Spain. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Cadiz 11510, Spain. RP Martin-Diaz, ML (reprint author), Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Campus Rio San Pedro S-N, Cadiz 11510, Spain. EM laura.martin@uca.es RI Blasco, Julian/A-5319-2008; Sarasquete, Carmen/L-6332-2014; OI Blasco, Julian/0000-0002-9750-383X; Sarasquete, Carmen/0000-0002-3031-9819; Martin-Diaz, M. Laura/0000-0003-0400-0641 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-7234-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053RZ UT WOS:000238324100011 PM 16779588 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA Olsen, AR AF Ferraro, SP Cole, FA Olsen, AR TI A more cost-effective emap benthic macrofaunal sampling protocol SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE benthic macrofauna; cost-effective; cumulative distribution functions; EMAP; monitoring; linear scale transformation; sample unit; sieve mesh size; Tillamook Bay ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; SPATIAL PATTERN; UNITED-STATES; ESTUARIES; PROGRAM; INDEX; USA; COMMUNITIES; WASHINGTON AB Benthic macrofaunal sampling protocols in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) are to collect 30 to 50 random benthic macrofauna [defined as animals retained on a 0.5 mm (East and Gulf Coasts, USA) or a 1.0 mm mesh sieve (West Coast, USA)] samples per reporting unit using a 0.044 m(2) (East and Gulf Coasts) or 0.1 m(2) (West Coast) grab. Benthic macrofaunal community conditions in the reporting unit are characterized by cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) on end points of interest, such as number of species (S), abundance (A), and Shannon--Wiener diversity (H'). An EMAP and a companion field study were conducted concurrently in Tillamook Bay (Oregon, USA) to compare the cost effectiveness of benthic macrofauna samples collected using the EMAP West Coast (0.1 m(2) x >= 7 cm deep, 1.0 mm mesh), a 0.01 m(2) x 5 cm deep, 1.0 mm mesh, and a 0.01 m(2) x 5 cm deep, 0.5 mm mesh sampling protocol. Cost was estimated in relative laboratory sample-processing time. Sampling protocols were judged equally effective for EMAP purposes if, after linear transformation to adjust for scale changes in end point distributions, their S, A, and H' CDFs were not significantly different. The 0.01 m(2) x 5 cm deep, 1.0 mm mesh sampling protocol was the most cost effective. C1 US EPA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ferraro.steven@epa.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-7360-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053RZ UT WOS:000238324100018 PM 16779595 ER PT J AU Devereux, R Rublee, P Paul, JH Field, KG Santo Domingo, JW AF Devereux, R Rublee, P Paul, JH Field, KG Santo Domingo, JW TI Development and applications of microbial ecogenomic indicators for monitoring water quality: Report of a workshop assessing the state of the science, research needs and future directions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecogenomics; genomics; microbiology; proteomics; source tracking ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA MICROARRAYS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; POPULATIONS AB This article brings forth recommendations from a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) and Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (EMAP) Programs and by the Council of State Governments, held during May 2002 in Kansas City, Kansas. The workshop assembled microbial ecologists and environmental scientists to determine what research and science is needed to bring existing molecular biological approaches and newer technologies arising from microbial genomic research into environmental monitoring and water quality assessments. Development of genomics and proteomics technologies for environmental science is a very new area having potential to improve environmental water quality assessments. The workshop participants noted that microbial ecologists are already using molecular biological methods well suited for monitoring and water quality assessments and anticipate that genomics-enabled technologies could be made available for monitoring within a decade. Recommendations arising from the workshop include needs for (i) identification of informative microbial gene sequences, (ii) improved understandings of linkages between indicator taxa, gene expression and environmental condition, (iii) technological advancements towards field application, and (iv) development of the appropriate databases. C1 US EPA, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Devereux, R (reprint author), US EPA, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM devereux.richard@epa.gov NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 459 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-7665-7 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053RZ UT WOS:000238324100030 PM 16779607 ER PT J AU Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Black, MC Avants, JK Fisk, AT AF Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Black, MC Avants, JK Fisk, AT TI Bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and metabolite formation of fipronil and chiral legacy pesticides in rainbow trout SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DIETARY ACCUMULATION; ALPHA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; NORTHWATER POLYNYA; TROPHIC TRANSFER; HCH ISOMERS; TOXICITY AB To assess the fate of current-use pesticides, it is important to understand their bioaccumulation and biotransformation by aquatic biota. We examined the dietary accumulation and enantioselective biotransformation of the chiral current-use pesticide fipronil, along with a mixture of selected chiral [alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 84, 132, 174, op'DDT, and o,p'-DDD] and nonchiral (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD) organochlorine compounds in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish rapidly accumulated all compounds, as measured in the carcass (whole body minus liver and GI tract) during the 32 d uptake phase, which was followed by varying elimination rates of the chemicals (half-lives (t(1/2)s) ranging from 0.6 d for fipronil to 77.0 d for PCB 174) during the 96 d depuration period. No biotransformation was observed for alpha-HCH, HEPX, PCB 174, o,p'-DDT, or o,p'-DDD based on consistent enantiomeric fractions (EFs) in the fish and their t(1/2)s falling on a log K-ow - log t(1/2) relationship established for recalcitrant contaminants in fish. p,p'-DDT and PCBs 84 and 132 were biotransformed based on the former's t1/2 position below the log K-ow - log t(1/2) relationship, and the PCBs change in EF. Fipronil was rapidly biotransformed, based on a change in EF, a t(1/2) that fell below the log K-ow - log t(1/2) relationship, which accounted for 88% of its elimination, and the rapid formation of fipronil sulfone, a known metabolite. Fipronil sulfone was found to persist longer (t(1/2) similar to 2 d) than its parent compound fipronil (t1/2 - 0.6 d) and needs to be considered in fate studies of fipronil. This research demonstrates the utilities of the log K-ow - log t(1/2) relationship as a mechanistic tool for quantifying biotransformation and of chiral analysis to measure biotransformation in fish. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fisk, AT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM afisk@forestry.uga.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 NR 46 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 8 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2930 EP 2936 DI 10.1021/es0600678 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038TC UT WOS:000237251400019 PM 16719093 ER PT J AU Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Kahl, MD Ankley, GT AF Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Kahl, MD Ankley, GT TI Effects of the feedlot contaminant 17 alpha-trenholone on reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; RIVER WATER; VITELLOGENIN; MASCULINIZATION; MOSQUITOFISH AB Trenbolone acetate is a growth promoter widely used for beef production in the U.S. Two biologically active metabolites of the acetate, 17 beta- and 17 alpha-trenbolone, are ligands of vertebrate androgen receptors and comparatively stable in the waste of treated animals. Both have been detected in surface water associated with beef feedlots suggesting a potential risk to aquatic animals. In previous work we evaluated the effects of P-trenbolone on reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in a 21-day test. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a similar set of experiments with a-trenbolone which, based on binding to mammalian androgen receptors, was expected to be less potent than P-trenbolone. Fecundity of the fish was significantly reduced by a-trenbolone with an EC50 (95% confidence interval) of 0.011 (0.007-0.016)mu g/L. In females, alpha-trenbolone reduced plasma vitellogenin and steroid concentrations and also induced the production of dorsal nuptial tubercles, structures normally present only in spawning males. Overall, effects of alpha-trenbolone on the reproductive system of the fish were qualitatively and quantitatively quite similar to those caused by beta-trenbolone. Part of this similarity might arise from the fact that a substantial amount of the alpha-trenbolone appeared to be converted to beta-trenbolone by the fish. Tissue concentrations of the beta-isomer were consistently similar to or greater than concentrations of alpha-trenbolone, despite the fact that no beta-trenbolone was detected in the exposure water. The present study demonstrates the importance of considering both alpha- and beta-trenbolone in assessing the potential ecological risk of androgens associated with beef feedlot discharges. RP Jensen, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Res Lab,Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM jensen.kathleen@epa.gov NR 32 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 3112 EP 3117 DI 10.1021/es052174s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038TC UT WOS:000237251400045 PM 16719119 ER PT J AU Cripe, GM AF Cripe, Geraldine M. TI Contaminated sediment testing with the bivalve Mulinia lateralis: Culture refinement for organism availability SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mulinia lateralis; culture; contaminated; sediments ID TOXICITY TEST; SUBLETHAL; QUALITY; GROWTH; SAY AB Availability of test species for estuarine benthic assessment is limited; therefore, a method was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for using the dwarf surf clam (Mulinia lateralis) to identify adverse biological effects of bulk estuarine sediments. A multilaboratory evaluation of the draft method resulted in favorable responses from the participants with respect to general testing and handling of the clam. However, availability of good-quality test organisms was limited. An investigation of culture techniques determined that culture vessel topography dramatically influenced survival, because larvae accumulated in bottom depressions. Conditioning of brood stock was enhanced by algae naturally containing both 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids. Survival of larvae to metamorphosis at 14 d postspawn was greatly increased by maintenance at a lighting of 734 lux with addition of gradually increasing amounts of Isochyris galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans. Greater than 50% survival of 600 juveniles to testing size by 14 d postmetamorphosis was accomplished by intermittent delivery of algae 12 times per day in a total of 13 L of seawater. By 21 d postmetamorphosis, an additional 27% achieved testable size. As a result of identification of these culture parameters, test bivalves can be readily available to improve predictions of adverse biological effects on benthic communities beyond those presently determined through amphipod exposures. C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Cripe, GM (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM cripe.geraldine@epa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1332 EP 1336 DI 10.1897/05-271R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082GB UT WOS:000240373600021 PM 16704066 ER PT J AU Hou, LF Lee, WJ Rusiecki, J Hoppin, JA Blair, A Bonner, MR Lubin, JH Samanic, C Sandler, DP Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MCR AF Hou, LF Lee, WJ Rusiecki, J Hoppin, JA Blair, A Bonner, MR Lubin, JH Samanic, C Sandler, DP Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MCR TI Pendimethalin exposure and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; RECTAL-CANCER; MORTALITY; HERBICIDES; WORKERS; RISK; MANUFACTURE; COHORT; COLON AB Background: Pendimethalin, a widely used herbicide, has been classified as a group C possible human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We evaluated the incidence of cancer in relation to reported pendimethelin use among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Methods: Information on pesticide use came from two questionnaires (enrollment and take-home). The present analysis includes 9089 pendimethalin-exposed and 15,285 nonpendimethalin-exposed pesticide applicators with complete information on pendimethalin use and covariates from a take-home questionnaire. We conducted Poisson regression analyses to evaluate the association of pendimethalin exposure with cancer incidence (mean follow-up = 7.5 years) using two exposure metrics: tertiles of lifetime days of exposure and tertiles of intensity-weighted lifetime days of exposure. Results: Overall cancer incidence did not increase with increasing lifetime pendimethalin use, and there was no clear evidence of an association between pendimethalin use and risks for specific cancers. The risk for rectal cancer rose with increasing lifetime pendimethalin exposure when using nonexposed as the reference (rate ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.5-12.7 for the highest exposed subjects; P for trend = 0.007), but the association was attenuated when using the low exposed as the referent group (P for trend = 0.08). Similar patterns for rectal cancer were observed when using intensity-weighted exposure-days. The number of rectal cancer cases among the pendimethalin-exposed was small (n = 19). There was some evidence for an elevated risk for lung cancer, but the excess occurred only in the highest exposure category for lifetime pendimethalin exposure. The trends for lung cancer risk were inconsistent for different exposure metrics. Conclusions: We did not find a clear association of lifetime pendimethalin exposure either with overall cancer incidence or with specific cancer sites. C1 NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM Alavanjm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [Z01 CP010120-10] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000201398.82658.50 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034JY UT WOS:000236926500017 PM 16452832 ER PT J AU Wang, TG Zhang, W Pei, Z Block, M Wilson, B Reece, JM Miller, DS Hong, JS AF Wang, Tongguang Zhang, Wei Pei, Zhong Block, Michelle Wilson, Belinda Reece, Jeffrey M. Miller, David S. Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Reactive microgliosis participates in MPP+-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration: role of 67 kDa laminin receptor SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE laminin receptor; extracellular matrix; microglia; neuron; MPP; Parkinson's disease ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ALPHA-6-BETA-1 INTEGRIN; NADPH OXIDASE; ACTIVATION; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB It has been reported that extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate monocyte activation by binding with a 67 kDa nonintegrin laminin receptor (LR). As microgliosis is a pivotal factor in propelling the progress of chronic neurodegeneration in the brain, we hypothesized that LR may regulate the microgliosis and subsequent neurotoxicity. Using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)- treated C57 mice primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures as an in vitro Parkinson's disease (PD) model, we observed that MPP+ treatment increased LR expression only in the mixed neuron-glia but not in microglia-enriched or microglia-depleted cultures, indicating that MPP+-induced increase of LR expression is associated with neuron-microglia interaction. Using confocal microscopic examination, we found that LR was localized in the microglia, which were F4/80 positive. Treatment with the antibody ( Ab) against LR (LR-Ab) or YIGSR, a synthetic pentapeptide inhibitor for LR, significantly attenuated the MPP+-increased F4/80 immunoreactivity ( 24 h) and dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity. LR-Ab also attenuated MPP+-increased microglial phagocytotic activity ( 48 h) and the superoxide production ( 4 days). Further study demonstrated that exogenous laminin (1 - 10 mu g/ml) treatment induced microglial activation and DA neurotoxicity, in a dose-dependent manner, which was partially attenuated by the LR-Ab. We concluded that by regulating cell-ECM interaction, LR plays important roles in mediating microgliosis and subsequent DA neurotoxicity. Laminin is a potential ligand for activating this LR receptor. This study also suggests that laminin/LR is a potential target for developing new therapeutic drugs against neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Hand Surg, Union Hosp, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Conofocal Microscopy Ctr, Lab Signal Transduct, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, TG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM twang40@jhmi.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 906 EP 915 DI 10.1096/fj.05-5053com PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 079EG UT WOS:000240157700013 PM 16675848 ER PT J AU Greenwood, JL Lowe, RL AF Greenwood, JL Lowe, RL TI The effects of pH on a periphyton community in an acidic wetland, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE diatom; desmid; peatland; fen; acidification; alkalinization ID EXPERIMENTAL LAKE ACIDIFICATION; LONG-TERM CHANGES; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; MOORLAND POOLS; LIMED LAKES; ALGAE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; RESPONSES AB Despite the importance of peatlands, the algal ecology of peatlands and the periphyton communities which are abundant in these habitats are relatively understudied. We performed an in situ manipulation of pH in an intermediate fen in northern lower Michigan in order to examine how hydrogen ion concentrations structure an epiphytic algal community. Levels of pH were manipulated in enclosures from the control level (pH = 5) to an acid treatment (pH = 4) by adding H2SO4 and a neutral treatment (pH = 7) by adding NaOH. Algal communities growing on sections of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench stems were examined after 22 days of colonization. Chlorophyll a concentration was significantly greater only in the acid treatment (similar to 5.5 mg m(-2)) relative to the control (similar to 3.5 mg m(-2)). Taxa richness was lower in the acid treatment. The algal assemblages were dominated by filamentous green algae and a filamentous taxon, Mougeotia spp., was significantly greater in the acid treatment relative to the control. Increases in Zygnemataceae and Oedogonium spp. most likely account for the higher chlorophyll a in the acid treatment. Most treatment differences were detected in the neutral treatment, including increased abundances of Closterium polystichum Nygaard, Cosmarium sp., Peridinium inconspicuum Lemmermann, and Synedra acus Kutz. Unexpectedly, there was no strong response of the desmid community. These data can be informative in the development of algal monitoring programs in peatlands when assessment of acidification is desired. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Greenwood, JL (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM greenwood.jennifer@epa.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 561 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-1605-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 026YW UT WOS:000236380500006 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Hill, BH Husby, PH Hall, RK Kaufmann, PR AF Pan, YD Hill, BH Husby, PH Hall, RK Kaufmann, PR TI Relationships between environmental variables and benthic diatom assemblages in California Central Valley streams (USA) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; cluster analysis; UPGMA; TWINSPAN; classification tree analysis ID SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; PHOSPHORUS; ALGAE AB This study examines distributional patterns of benthic diatom assemblages in relation to environmental characteristics in streams and rivers in the California Central Valley ecoregion. Benthic diatoms, water quality, and physical habitat conditions were characterized from 53 randomly selected sites. The stream sites were characterized by low mid-channel canopy cover and high channel substrate embeddedness. The waters at these sites were enriched with minerals and turbidity varied from 1.3 to 185.0 NTU with an average of 13.5 NTU. A total of 249 diatom taxa were identified. Average taxa richness was 41 with a range of 7-76. The assemblages were dominated by Staurosira construens (11%), Epithemia sorex (8%), Cocconeis placentula (7%), and Nitzschia amphibia (6%). Multivariate analyses (cluster analysis, classification tree analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis) all showed that benthic diatom assemblages were mainly affected by channel morphology, in-stream habitat, and riparian conditions. The 1st CCA axis negatively correlated with mean wetted channel width (r = -0.66) and thalweg depth (r = -0.65) (Table 4). The 2nd axis correlated with % coarse substrates (r=0.60). Our results suggest that benthic diatoms can be used for assessing physical habitat alterations in streams. C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MED, Duluth, MN USA. US EPA, Lab PMD2, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Water Div WTR2, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, WED, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM pany@pdx.edu RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 561 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-1609-z PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 026YW UT WOS:000236380500010 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE AF Kaldy, JE TI Production ecology of the non-indigenous seagrass, dwarf eelgrass (Zostera japonica Ascher. & Graeb.), in a Pacific Northwest Estuary, USA (vol 533, pg 201, 2006) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Cr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 560 BP 433 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-9001-1 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022YQ UT WOS:000236092500034 ER PT J AU Arimoto, T Inoue, KI Yanagisawa, R Mason, RP Takano, H AF Arimoto, Toyoko Inoue, Ken-ichiro Yanagisawa, Rie Mason, Ronald P. Takano, Hirohisa TI Diesel exhaust particles synergistically enhance lung injury and oxidative stress induced by bacterial endotoxin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE diesel exhaust particles (DEP); lipopolysaccharide (LPS); inflammation; residual carbonaceous nuclei; oxidative stress ID AIR-POLLUTION; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; NADPH OXIDASE; FREE-RADICALS; DNA-DAMAGE; CELLS; COMPONENTS; MORTALITY; ASTHMA; PEROXYNITRITE AB Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated acute and serious adverse effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory health, especially in people who are susceptible to bacterial infection. The underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) derived from diesel engine-powered automobiles are major constituents of the atmospheric particular matter in metropolitan areas. DEP reportedly enhance airway inflammation and lung injury. Bacterial endotoxin in a purified form known as lipopolysaccharide is also implicated as an environmental factor that exacerbates lung diseases. In this article, we review the synergistic enhancing effects of DEP and bacterial endotoxin on airway inflammation and determine the components in DEP responsible for these effects. Oxygen free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines are proposed mediators for DEP-induced airway inflammation. We elucidate the role of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the enhancement. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Takano, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM htakano@nies.go.jp NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOURNAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION PI KYOTO PA KYOTO PREFECTURAL UNIV MED, GRAD SCH MEDICAL SCIENCE, DEPT MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY, KYOTO, 602-8566, JAPAN SN 0912-0009 EI 1880-5086 J9 J CLIN BIOCHEM NUTR JI J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.3164/jcbn.38.133 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044AS UT WOS:000237645000002 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, CR TI The impact that Hurricane Ivan (September 16, 2004) made across Dauphin Island, Alabama SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID USA AB The western eye-wall of Hurricane Ivan (an upper Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale) passed approximately 21 km east of Dauphin Island as it made an early morning landfall on September 16, 2004. The island experienced Category I hurricane (Saffir-Simpson scale) force winds and large storm waves. Ivan affected Dauphin Island in a variety of ways because of the island's morphology and proximity to nearby submerged and emergent features. The eastern end of the barrier island experienced diminished storm wave energy as a result of an emergent offshore sand island (Pelican-Sand Island), which is a portion of the shallow submerged Mobile Bay ebb-tidal delta. These offshore features absorbed most of the energy from Ivan's storm waves. The western end of the island, a thin and low-lying portion of the barrier island platform, received the full impact of the hurricane. Beach-derived sand was transported northward across this portion of the island by the action of storm waves that washed over it. As a result, a large number of gulf-facing dwellings are left stranded within the swash zone, and several are completely surrounded by water. Further west, the island was breached in several places by storm waves that created large channels. These incised features will likely close within a year under more typical fair-weather conditions. However, the resulting depressions behind the newly formed swash-zone berm will take many years to naturally infill. Beach nourishment will probably be necessary to return a large portion of the developed island to its prehurricane geomorphological setting. Hurricane Ivan revealed the fragile nature and precarious setting that Dauphin Island occupies in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4 61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 561 EP 573 DI 10.2112/05-0438.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 043PV UT WOS:000237614500008 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew TI The challenges of air pollution and residual risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sahle-Demessie.Endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 431 EP 432 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:5(431) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105EN UT WOS:000242012500001 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Brauer, M AF Wilson, WE Brauer, M TI Estimation of ambient and non-ambient components of particulate matter exposure from a personal monitoring panel study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Society-for-Exposure-Assessment CY NOV 06, 2001 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Int Soc Exposure Assessment DE panel study; particulate matter; personal exposure; ambient concentration; ambient exposure; nonambient exposure ID PULMONARY-DISEASE PATIENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; MASS; QUALITY; DESIGN; SULFUR AB To provide additional insight into factors affecting exposure to airborne particulate matter and the resultant health effects, we developed a method to estimate the ambient and nonambient components of total personal exposure. The ambient ( or outdoor) component of total personal exposure to particulate matter ( PM) ( called ambient exposure) includes exposure to the ambient PM concentration while outdoors and exposure while indoors to ambient PM that has infiltrated indoors. The nonambient component of total personal exposure to PM ( called nonambient exposure) refers to exposure to PM generated by indoor sources and an individual's personal activity. We used data collected from a personal monitoring study in Vancouver, Canada to demonstrate the methodology. In this study, ambient PM2.5 exposure was 71% of the measured ambient PM2.5 concentration and was responsible for 44% of the measured total personal PM2.5 exposure. Regression analysis of the pooled data sets for ambient and total exposure against outdoor concentrations yielded similar slopes (0.76 for ambient and 0.77 for total) but a higher coefficient of determination for ambient exposure (R-2 = 0.62) than for total exposure (R-2 = 0.072). As expected, the nonambient exposure was not related to the ambient concentration (R-2 < 10(-6)). For longitudinal analyses of the relationship between measured personal exposure and ambient concentrations for individual subjects, the correlation of total personal exposure with ambient concentration yielded values of Pearson's r from 0.83 to - 0.68 with an average of 0.36. The relationship was statistically significant for only five of the 16 subjects. In contrast, the correlation of the estimated ambient exposure with ambient concentration yielded values of Pearson's r from 0.92 to 0.77 with an average of 0.88; 14 were significant. An example, taken from an epidemiologic analysis using the exposure data from this paper, demonstrates the usefulness of separating total exposure into its ambient and nonambient components. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Wilson, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.william@epa.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; OI Brauer, Michael/0000-0002-9103-9343 NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500483 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 042FP UT WOS:000237513600006 PM 16617313 ER PT J AU Hopke, PK Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Paatero, P Thurston, GD AF Hopke, PK Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Paatero, P Thurston, GD TI PM source apportionment and health effects: 1. Intercomparison of source apportionment results SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE receptor modelling; source apportionment; PM2.5; positive matrix factorization; PMF; Unmix ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESOLVED CARBON FRACTIONS; MODELING CURVE RESOLUTION; IMPROVING SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; BALANCE RECEPTOR MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MULTILINEAR ENGINE; ATLANTA AEROSOL AB During the past three decades, receptor models have been used to identify and apportion ambient concentrations to sources. A number of groups are employing these methods to provide input into air quality management planning. A workshop has explored the use of resolved source contributions in health effects models. Multiple groups have analyzed particulate composition data sets from Washington, DC and Phoenix, AZ. Similar source profiles were extracted from these data sets by the investigators using different factor analysis methods. There was good agreement among the major resolved source types. Crustal ( soil), sulfate, oil, and salt were the sources that were most unambiguously identified ( generally highest correlation across the sites). Traffic and vegetative burning showed considerable variability among the results with variability in the ability of the methods to partition the motor vehicle contributions between gasoline and diesel vehicles. However, if the total motor vehicle contributions are estimated, good correspondence was obtained among the results. The source impacts were especially similar across various analyses for the larger mass contributors ( e. g., in Washington, secondary sulfate SE = 7% and 11% for traffic; in Phoenix, secondary sulfate SE 17% and 7% for traffic). Especially important for time-series health effects assessment, the source-specific impacts were found to be highly correlated across analysis methods/researchers for the major components ( e. g., mean analysis to analysis correlation, r>0.9 for traffic and secondary sulfates in Phoenix and for traffic and secondary nitrates in Washington. The sulfate mean r value is >0.75 in Washington.). Overall, although these intercomparisons suggest areas where further research is needed ( e. g., better division of traffic emissions between diesel and gasoline vehicles), they provide support the contention that PM2.5 mass source apportionment results are consistent across users and methods, and that today's source apportionment methods are robust enough for application to PM2.5 health effects assessments. C1 Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NYU, Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, GSF Focus Network Aerosols & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Christensen, William/F-7216-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 83 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500458 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 042FP UT WOS:000237513600007 PM 16249798 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA AF Schwartz, David A. TI Memo SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233,MD-B2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 126 IS 5 BP 937 EP 939 DI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700313 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 062TY UT WOS:000238968700001 PM 16619005 ER PT J AU Gitis, V Haught, RC Clark, RM Gun, J Lev, O AF Gitis, V Haught, RC Clark, RM Gun, J Lev, O TI Application of nanoscale probes for the evaluation of the integrity of ultrafiltration membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrafiltration membranes; drinking water; chemical cleaning; naroparticles; hux ID FTIR; UF; PROTEIN; FLUX AB The consequences of chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes should not be interpreted solely in terms of flux recovery. It is important to evaluate the nature of the interactions between the cleaning agent and the membrane surface and to determine whether the introduction of the agent acts solely to improve the flux recovery or whether it also alters the membrane skin layer. Despite the important consequences of this information, only very limited data have been reported to date about the permeability-treatment relationships. Studies on membranes have mainly considered changes in streaming potential, FTIR spectra and hydrophobicity of the membrane surface. The present report uses an additional tool, probes of,,old nanoparticles or dye a-labeled MS2 bacteriophages, to trace gradual disintegration of the membrane skin layer during chemical cleaning. The new type of probe allowed us to follow two-stage deformation kinetics of the membranes during oxidative cleaning. The first stage involved the formation of holes with an average diameter of 20-30 nm, and the second stage, the rapid growth of the holes, leading to disintegration of the skin layer. The two-phase transition was followed using bubble-point measurements, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM micrography. A second aim of: the current article is to demonstrate the usefulness of a newly introduced tool-monodispersed nanoprobes-to trace membrane damage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Water Qual Management Branch, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Sci, Environm Chem Lab, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Gitis, V (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM gitis@bgumail.bgti.ac.il RI Lev, Ovadia/A-8579-2010 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.055 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 034LE UT WOS:000236929700020 ER PT J AU Gitis, V Haught, RC Clark, RM Gun, J Ley, O AF Gitis, V Haught, RC Clark, RM Gun, J Ley, O TI Nanoscale probes for the evaluation of the integrity of ultrafiltration membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles; MS2 bacteriophages; integrity breaches; nanoprobes ID GOLD AB Current integrity tests are not sufficiently sensitive to detect nanometric scale breaches in the active layer of ultrafiltration membranes. The current paper describes a new approach for the detection of such breaches. We introduce two representative types of nanoprobes emulating virus transport over the membrane. Gold nanoparticles and fluorescent-dye-labeled MS2 bacteriophages were introduced for seeding tests. The affordability of the former probe has become more realistic with the development of electrochemical detection of gold nanoparticles by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Our ASV system showed high sensitivity, of the order of single parts per billion, indicating the feasibility of developing the experimental protocol for on-site analysis. However, the physical characteristics of gold nanoparticles and particularly their specific density differ from those of viruses. The fluorescent bacteriophage probe emulates viral transport much better, though this technique is less sensitive, and further lowering of the limit of detection is required. Application of the probes for testing membrane integrity will provide a basis for developing on-line testing for removal of virus-sized particles and in addition to being a valuable research tool may provide a means to confirm compliance of membrane systems with the stringent regulatory requirements of the drinking water industry. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Sci, Environm Chem Lab, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Gitis, V (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM gitis@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.048 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 034LE UT WOS:000236929700022 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei-Gomez, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE AF Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei-Gomez, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE TI Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in US office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: Analyses of the EPA BASE data SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE indoor air quality; moisture; mold; symptoms; office building ID DAMPNESS; HEALTH; WORKERS; ASSOCIATIONS; EXPOSURE; MOLDS AB We assessed associations between indicators for moisture in office buildings and weekly, building-related lower respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms in office workers, using the U.S. EPA BASE data, collected in a representative sample of 100 U.S. office buildings. We estimated the strength of associations between the symptom outcomes and moisture indicators in multivariate logistic regression models as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for potential confounding factors and adjusting for correlation among workers in buildings. This analysis identified associations between building-related symptoms and several indicators of moisture or contamination in office buildings. One set of models showed almost a tripling of weekly building-related lower respiratory symptoms in association with lack of cleaning of the drip pans under air-conditioning cooling coils (OR [CI] = 2.8 (1.2-65)). Other models found that lack of cleaning of either drip pans or cooling coils was associated with increased mucous membrane symptoms (OR [CI] = 1.4 (1.1-1.9)). Slightly increased symptoms were also associated with other moisture indicators, especially mucous membrane symptoms and past water damage to building mechanical rooms (OR [CI] = 1.3 (1.0-1.7)). Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of moisture or contamination in ventilation systems or occupied spaces in office buildings may have adverse respiratory or irritant effects on workers. The analysis, however, failed to confirm several risks identified in a previous study, such as condition of drain pans or outdoor air intakes, and other hypothesized moisture risks. Studies with more rigorous measurement of environmental risks and health outcomes will be necessary to define moisture-related risks in buildings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 5 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1080/15459620600628589 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037SI UT WOS:000237166900002 PM 16574606 ER PT J AU Alberini, A Cropper, M Krupnick, A Simon, NB AF Alberini, Anna Cropper, Maureen Krupnick, Alan Simon, Nathalie B. TI Willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions: Does latency matter? SO JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Article DE value of a statistical life; mortality risks; benefit-cost analysis ID LIFE EXPECTANCY; DISCOUNT RATES; HEALTH; AGE; US AB Using results from two contingent valuation surveys conducted in Canada and the U.S., we explore the effect of a latency period on willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality risk using a structural model. We find that delaying the time at which the risk reduction occurs by 10 to 30 years reduces WTP by more than 60% for respondents in both samples aged 40 to 60 years. The implicit discount rates are equal to 3.0-8.6% for Canada and 1.3-5.6% for the U.S. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Simon, NB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, MC 1809T,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM simon.nathalie@epa.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5646 J9 J RISK UNCERTAINTY JI J. Risk Uncertain. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s11166-006-9521-0 PG 15 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 085AZ UT WOS:000240576800004 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Srivastava, RK Ghorishi, SB Karwowski, J Hastings, TW Hirschi, JC AF Lee, CW Srivastava, RK Ghorishi, SB Karwowski, J Hastings, TW Hirschi, JC TI Pilot-scale study of the effect of selective catalytic reduction catalyst on mercury speciation in Illinois and powder river basin coal combustion flue gases SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to investigate the effect of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst on mercury (Hg) speciation in bituminous and subbituminous coal combustion flue gases. Three different Illinois Basin bituminous coals (from high to low sulfur [S] and chlorine [Cl]) and one Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coal with very low S and very low Cl were tested in a pilot-scale combustor equipped with an SCR reactor for controlling nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The SCR catalyst induced high oxidation of elemental Hg (Hg-o), decreasing the percentage of Hg-o at the outlet of the SCR to values < 12% for the three Illinois coal tests. The PRB coal test indicated a low oxidation of Hg-o by the SCR catalyst, with the percentage of Hgo decreasing from similar to 96% at the inlet of the reactor to similar to 80% at the outlet. The low Cl content of the PRB coal and corresponding low level of available flue gas Cl species were believed to be responsible for low SCR Hg oxidation for this coal type. The test results indicated a strong effect of coal type on the extent of Hg oxidation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Babcock & Wilcox Co, Alliance, OH USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Cormetech Inc, Durham, NC USA. Illinois Clean Coal Inst, Carterville, IL USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.chun-wai@epa.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 56 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 040IK UT WOS:000237372000013 PM 16739801 ER PT J AU Rooney, AA Mattie, DR Dodd, DE AF Rooney, AA Mattie, DR Dodd, DE TI Introduction - Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference 2005 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rooney, AA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rooney.andrew@epa.gov; david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil; darol.dodd@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1080/15287390600591330 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 038SJ UT WOS:000237243600001 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y Luster, MI AF Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y Luster, MI TI Immune system maturity and sensitivity to chemical exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 25-28, 2005 CL Fairborn, OH SP Tri-Serv Toxicol, AFRL, Appl Biotechnol Branch, AFRL, Air Force Off Sci Res, AFOIH/Hlth Risk Assessment Branch, Navy, NGRC/Enivironm Hlth Effects Lab, Army, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Regiatry, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council/Natl Acad Sci ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; HOST-RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS AB It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. The immune system continues to mature after birth, and functional immaturity accounts for much of the increased susceptibility in the young. Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes a period of increased immune system susceptibility to xenobiotics, since adverse effects may occur at lower doses and/or immunomodulation may be more persistent, thus increasing the relative risk of xenobiotic exposure to the immunologically immature organism. Data from published reports were compared to determine whether age and developmental stage at exposure influence the immunotoxic effects of diethylstilbestrol ( DES), diazepam (DZP), lead (Pb), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) and tributyltin oxide ( TBTO). These compounds were chosen for comparison based on the fact that each had been studied fairly extensively, resulting in a significant number of peer-reviewed publications. Based on lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) values for all five compounds, the developing immune system was found to be at greater risk than that of the adult, either because lower doses induced immunotoxicity, adverse effects were more persistent, or adverse effects were reported following developmental, but not adult, exposure. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Comparat & Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDCP, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MO B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epa.gov NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 811 EP 825 DI 10.1080/15287390600591496 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 038SJ UT WOS:000237243600004 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Gilmour, MI AF Selgrade, MK Gilmour, MI TI Immunotoxicology of inhaled compounds - Assessing risks of local immune suppression and hypersensitivity SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 25-28, 2005 CL Fairborn, OH SP Tri-Serv Toxicol, AFRL, Appl Biotechnol Branch, AFRL, Air Force Off Sci Res, AFOIH/Hlth Risk Assessment Branch, Navy, NGRC/Enivironm Hlth Effects Lab, Army, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Regiatry, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council/Natl Acad Sci ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; PULMONARY ANTIBACTERIAL DEFENSES; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; NATURAL-KILLER ACTIVITY; MOUSE IGE TEST; 0.5 PPM OZONE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE AB Immunotoxic risks associated with inhaled chemicals include ( 1) suppression of local defenses resulting in increased risk of pulmonary infection and ( 2) sensitization of the immune system resulting in respiratory hypersensitivity, including allergic asthma. Under laboratory conditions, environmentally relevant levels of many air pollutants enhance susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia in mice. Because these compounds do not necessarily affect systemic immune responses, conventional testing for immune suppression does not adequately predict this risk. The underlying mechanism is suppression of alveolar macrophage ( AM) phagocytic activity that ordinarily clears these organisms from the lung. Hence, the most practical way to test for this risk is to assess AM function in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Methods for assessing chemicals for the potential to cause allergic asthma are not as clear-cut. Low-molecular-weight chemicals are not physically large enough to initiate an immune response on their own; to produce sensitization they must be reactive enough to complex with protein. Structure-activity approaches and testing in vitro for reactivity with protein have been proposed for use in hazard identification. Diisocyanates and acid anhydrides are structures associated with occupational asthma. These types of chemical allergen appear to be a subset of chemicals that test positive in contact sensitivity assays, such as the local lymph node assay ( LLNA). It has been proposed that "asthmagens" can be further distinguished from other types of sensitizers by the potential to induce T helper 2-mediated responses. Several approaches have been proposed but none have been widely accepted. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 827 EP 844 DI 10.1080/15287390600591579 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 038SJ UT WOS:000237243600005 ER PT J AU McConnell, V Walls, M Kopits, E AF McConnell, V Walls, M Kopits, E TI Zoning, TDRs and the density of development SO JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID URBAN SPRAWL; LAND; DETERMINANTS; PRICES; MARKET AB This paper explores the effect of low density zoning regulations and other factors on subdivision density. Using a unique dataset of new subdivisions built over a 34-year period in Calvert County, Maryland, we econometrically estimate a density function using both OLS and censored regression. The variability in density permitted by the county's zoning and TDR rules over the sample period allows us to assess the relative importance of market factors and regulatory constraints on density. We use the censored model to predict what density patterns would have been without zoning. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McConnell, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM mcconnell@rff.org; walls@rff.org; kopits.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0094-1190 J9 J URBAN ECON JI J. Urban Econ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 440 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.jue.2005.12.005 PG 18 WC Economics; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Urban Studies GA 037KR UT WOS:000237146100007 ER PT J AU Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG AF Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG TI Forage selection by mule deer: does niche breadth increase with population density? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; density dependence; ideal-free distribution; dietary niche dynamics ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; IDEAL-FREE DISTRIBUTION; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; FECAL INDEXES; HABITAT USE; DIETARY QUALITY; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; MOUNTAIN LIONS; CRUDE PROTEIN AB Effects of population density of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus on forage selection were investigated by comparing diet characteristics of two subpopulations of deer in southern California, USA, that differed in population density during winter. Quality of diet for deer, as indexed by faecal crude protein, was higher at the low-density site than at the high-density site in winter, when deer densities were different. Quality of diet was similar in summer when both areas had comparable densities of deer. Both outcomes are consistent with predictions from density-dependent selection of diets by deer. Dietary niche breadth, however, differed in a manner opposite to predictions of niche theory based on diet selection under an ideal-free distribution. During winter, when differences in density between the two study sites were pronounced, niche breadth along the dietary axis in the low-density area was twice that of the high-density site. Generalist herbivores feeding primarily on low-quality browse at high population density in winter would be expected to increase their dietary breadth by feeding on additional species of plants as they depleted their food supply. Mule deer in our study, however, decreased the breadth of their dietary niche as population density increased. We hypothesize that by rapidly eliminating high-quality forages from an area by heavy grazing, deer at higher population densities narrowed their dietary niche. Theoretical models for changes in niche dimensions, including the ideal-free distribution, need to consider such empirical outcomes. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83221 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. RP Bowyer, RT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83221 USA. EM bowyterr@isu.edu NR 84 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 269 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00051.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 029GM UT WOS:000236548900005 ER PT J AU Barringer, U AF Barringer, U TI One county inspector (in MN) sent us a copy of an article that indicated a hospital in the nation was fined over $325,000 because of the storage of ether and picric acid. It makes us wonder if the picric acid on our shelves is an unknown hazard. Does picric acid generally require special explosive concerns that make storage unsafe? SO LABMEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Waste Managemnet Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Barringer, U (reprint author), US EPA, Waste Managemnet Branch, Reg 5, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LABMEDICINE JI Labmedicine PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 036LR UT WOS:000237073100018 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI A generalized distance measure for integrating multiple environmental assessment indicators SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental quality indicators; Euclidean distance; multivariate analysis ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; VULNERABILITY AB The paper presents a new distance measure useful for integrated environmental assessments. It is a generalized weighted Euclidean distance whose weights are calculated based on the coefficients of determination among environmental quality indicators in the data set. The proposed distance allows all environmental quality indicators to be used directly without any reduction in dimension (e.g., as in principal component analysis). Hypothetical and case-study examples are given to illustrate the distance measure. Examples demonstrate that the proposed distance is suitable and valuable for integrating multiple indicators into a single index, a common task in integrated environmental assessment. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM ltran@fau.edu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-5324-y PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 041WR UT WOS:000237487700001 ER PT J AU Lightfoot, JT Carter, S Yost, MJ Moser, J Kleinfehn, AM Turner, MJ Kleeberger, SR AF Lightfoot, J. Timothy Carter, Sarah Yost, Matthew J. Moser, Jessica Kleinfehn, Amy M. Turner, Michael J. Kleeberger, Steven R. TI High Wheel-Running Activity is Inherited in Mice SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lightfoot, J. Timothy; Carter, Sarah; Yost, Matthew J.; Moser, Jessica; Kleinfehn, Amy M.; Turner, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. EM jtlightf@email.uncc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S48 EP S48 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00219 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800195 ER PT J AU Turner, MJ El Masri, A Courtney, SM Weih, DG Kleeberger, SR Lightfoot, JT AF Turner, Michael J. El Masri, Ala'a Courtney, Sean M. Weih, David G. Kleeberger, Steven R. Lightfoot, J. Timothy TI Physical Activity in Second Generation Crossbred Male Mice SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turner, Michael J.; El Masri, Ala'a; Courtney, Sean M.; Weih, David G.; Lightfoot, J. Timothy] UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. EM miturner@uncc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S48 EP S48 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00220 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800196 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, K Lee, SH Eling, TE Baek, SJ AF Yamaguchi, K Lee, SH Eling, TE Baek, SJ TI A novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, MCC-555, induces apoptosis via posttranscriptional regulation of NAG-1 in colorectal cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; MESSENGER-RNA DEGRADATION; EARLY GROWTH RESPONSE-1; PROTEIN-KINASE; COLON-CANCER; PPAR-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; INDEPENDENT GROWTH; CARCINOMA-CELLS AB Apoptosis and/or differentiation induction caused by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand is a promising approach to cancer therapy. The thiazoliclinedione derivative MCC-555 has an apoptotic activity in human colorectal cancer cells, accompanied by up-regulation of a proapoptotic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) in a PPAR gamma-independent manner. Treatment with MCC-555 resulted in the induction of NAG-1 expression and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Down-regulation of NAG-1 by small interfering RNA suppressed MCC-555-induced apoptosis. MCC-555 was found to affect NAG-1 mRNA stability. To further define the underlying mechanism of RNA stability affected by MCC-555, we cloned the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of human NAG-1 mRNA, which contains four copies of an AU-rich element (ARE), downstream from the luciferase gene. The reporter activity was reduced to similar to 70% by inserting the 3'UTR. In addition, deletion of ARE sequences in the 3'UTR or MCC-555 treatment substantially restored activity. This effect of MCC-555 on the ARE-mediated mRNA degradation was inhibited by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibitors. Subsequently, rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MCC-555 treatment was detected. Moreover, ERK small interfering RNA suppressed MCC555-induced NAG-1 expression. These results suggest that ARE sequences in the 3'UTR of the NAG-1 gene contribute to mRNA degradation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation is responsible for the stabilization of NAG-1 mRNA. These findings may provide a novel explanation for the antitumorigenic and/or proapoptotic action of MCC-555 in human colorectal cancer and the ability of pharmacologic approaches to be used against diseases caused by alterations of RNA stability. C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Baek, SJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sbaek2@utk.edu OI Baek, Seung/0000-0001-7866-7778 FU Intramural NIH HHS; PHS HHS [ESO11657] NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1361 DI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0528 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 050FV UT WOS:000238073800030 PM 16731769 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS Martin, K Donegan, KK Stone, JK Coleman, CG AF Watrud, Lidia S. Martin, Kendall Donegan, Kelly K. Stone, Jeffrey K. Coleman, Clarace G. TI Comparison of taxonomic, colony morphotype and PCR-RELP methods to characterize microfungal diversity SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ecological indices; fungi; litter; soil ecology ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SOIL; NITROGEN; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; PRIMERS AB We compared three methods for estimating fungal species diversity in soil samples. A rapid screening method based on gross colony morphological features and color reference standards was compared with traditional fungal taxonomic methods and PCR-RFLP for estimation of ecological indices of soil microfungal community composition. Normalized counts of colony morphotypes on dichloran rose bengal medium were used to estimate species richness (S) and evenness (J) and to calculate Shannon's diversity (H) and Simpson's (SI) dominance indices. Isolates were obtained by dilution plating techniques from litter and soil layer samples taken from Douglas-fir forest and clear-cut areas at two locations in the Cascade Mountains. The highest correspondence (97%) was observed between taxonomic identification and RFLP patterns (32:33). Cladistic analyses of PCR-RFLP patterns indicated an 81% correspondence between RFLP patterns:colony morphotypes (33:41). A correspondence of 78% was observed between traditional taxonomic identification:colony morphotypes (32:41). Statistical analyses of ecological indices based on quantitative'application of the colony morphotyping method indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in fungal community composition between forested and clear-cut areas at the Toad Road site but not at the Falls Creek site. Comparisons of ecological indices based on traditional identification of taxa by microscopic characterization on defined culture media resulted in identical findings of statistical significance. The colony morphotyping approach is proposed as a screening method to identify potential effects of land management practices, edaphic factors and pollutants on microfungal diversity. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Asian Pacific Ctr Aging, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Watrud.lidia@epa.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.3.384 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 089XR UT WOS:000240915700003 PM 17040067 ER PT J AU Betarbet, R Canet-Aviles, RA Sherer, TB Mastroberardino, PG McLendon, C Kim, JH Lund, S Na, HM Taylor, G Bence, NF Kopito, R Seo, BB Yagi, T Klinefelter, G Cookson, MR Greenamyre, JT AF Betarbet, R Canet-Aviles, RA Sherer, TB Mastroberardino, PG McLendon, C Kim, JH Lund, S Na, HM Taylor, G Bence, NF Kopito, R Seo, BB Yagi, T Klinefelter, G Cookson, MR Greenamyre, JT TI Intersecting pathways to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: Effects of the pesticide rotenone on DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; oxidative stress; pesticide; proteasomal dysfunction; alpha-tocopherol ID OXIDOREDUCTASE NDI1 GENE; MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX-I; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; 20S PROTEASOME; PROTEIN LIGASE; ANIMAL-MODELS; UP-REGULATION; LEWY BODIES AB Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is most likely caused by a combination of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibilities, although there are rare monogenic forms of the disease. Mitochondrial impairment at complex I, oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein aggregation, and dysfunctional protein degradation, have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, but how they are related to each other is unclear. To further evaluated PD pathogenesis here, we used in vivo and in vitro models of chronic low-grade complex I inhibition with the pesticide rotenone. Chronic rotenone exposure in vivo caused oxidative modification of DJ-1, accumulation of alpha-synuclein, and proteasomal impairment. Interestingly, the effects become more regionally restricted such that systemic complex I inhibition eventually results in highly selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. DJ-1 modifications, alpha-synuclein accumulation, and proteasomal dysfunction were also seen in vitro and these effects could be prevented with et-tocopherol. Thus, chronic exposure to a pesticide and mitochondrial toxin brings into play three systems, DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and implies that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress link environmental and genetic forms of the disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Neurodegerat Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIA, Lab Neurogenet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, Div Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Betarbet, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Neurodegerat Dis, Whitehead Biomed Res Bldg 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rbetarb@emory.edu RI Greenamyre, J. Timothy/B-4049-2011; Mastroberardino, Pier /D-5623-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012068] NR 78 TC 173 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0969-9961 J9 NEUROBIOL DIS JI Neurobiol. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 404 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.12.003 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 040KS UT WOS:000237378000020 PM 16439141 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Barone, S Phillips, PM McDaniel, KL Ehman, KD AF Moser, Virginia C. Barone, Stanley, Jr. Phillips, Pamela M. McDaniel, Katherine L. Ehman, Kimberly D. TI Evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity of organotins via drinking water in rats: Monomethyl tin SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental neurotoxicity; organotin; monomethyl tin; behavior; neuropathology ID INFANT RATS; PATTERNED ALTERNATION; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; LEARNING-DEFICITS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; EXTINCTION; MAZE; APOPTOSIS; AGE; PERFORMANCE AB Organotins such as monomethyltin (MMT) are widely used as heat stabilizers in PVC and CPVC piping, which results in their presence in drinking water supplies. Concern for neurotoxicity produced by organotin exposure during development has been raised by published findings of a deficit on a runway learning task in rat pups perinatally exposed to MMT (Noland EA, Taylor DH, Bull RJ. Monomethyl and trimethyltin compounds induce learning deficiencies in young rats. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1982;4:539-44). The objective of these studies was to replicate the earlier publication and further define the dose-response characteristics of MMT following perinatal exposure. In Experiment 1, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via drinking water to MMT (0, 10, 50, 245 ppm) before mating and throughout gestation and lactation (until weaning at postnatal day [PND] 21). Behavioral assessments of the offspring included: a runway test (PND 11) in which the rat pups learned to negotiate a runway for dry suckling reward; motor activity habituation (PNDs 13, 17, and 21); learning in the Morris water maze (as adults). Other endpoints in the offspring included measures of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) at PND 22 and as adults, as well as brain weights and neuropathological evaluation at PND 2, 12, 22, and as adults. There were no effects on any measure of growth, development, cognitive function, or apoptosis following MMT exposure. There was a trend towards decreased brain weight in the high dose group. In addition, there was vacuolation of the neuropil in a focal area of the cerebral cortex of the adult offspring in all MMT dose groups (1-3 rats per treatment group). In Experiment 2, pregnant rats were exposed from gestational day 6 until weaning to 500 ppm MMT in drinking water. The offspring behavioral assessments again included the runway task (PND 11), motor activity habituation (PND 17), and Morris water maze (as adults). In this second study, MMT-exposed females consumed significantly less water than the controls throughout both gestation and lactation, although neither dam nor pup weights were affected. As in Experiment 1, MMT-exposure did not alter pup runway performance, motor activity, or cognitive function. These results indicate that perinatal exposure to MMT, even at concentrations which decrease fluid intake, does not result in significant neurobehavioral or cognitive deficits. While mild neuropathological lesions were observed in the adult offspring, the biological significance of this restricted finding is unclear. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.003 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 046WF UT WOS:000237841100018 PM 16442161 ER PT J AU Ehman, KD Moser, VC AF Ehman, KD Moser, VC TI Evaluation of cognitive function in weanling rats: A review of methods suitable for chemical screening SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900034 ER PT J AU Robles, CK Barone, S AF Robles, CK Barone, S TI Understanding the factors influencing neurodevelopmental outcomes following pre and perinatal exposure to PCBs SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900035 ER PT J AU Berman, RF Lawler, C Harry, GJ AF Berman, RF Lawler, C Harry, GJ TI Effects of neonatal thimerosal exposure in SJL mice on measures of sensory gating, anxiety and sociability SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900057 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Mouton, P Lawler, C Berman, R AF Harry, GJ Mouton, P Lawler, C Berman, R TI Hippocampal morphology - effects of litter and neonatal thimerosal exposure in SJL/J mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Stereol Resource Ctr Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900058 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Rich, WK Johnson, CH Lye, DJ AF Rice, EW Rich, WK Johnson, CH Lye, DJ TI The role of flushing dental water lines for the removal of microbial contaminants SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA; PREVALENCE; UNITS AB Objectives. This study was designed to determine the role of flushing dental water lines for the removal of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, Legionella spp., and free-living protozoa. Methods. Forty dental offices were surveyed in the study. An initial sample and a sample taken after three minutes of flushing were obtained from the air/water syringe at each location. All samples were quantitatively analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria using three bacteriological procedures. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Legionella spp. using cultural, immunological, and molecular procedures and for the occurrence of free-living protozoa using a killed bacteria plate procedure. Results. The flushing process reduced the level of heterotrophic plate count bacteria by 1.1 to 1.5 log(10) CFU/ml. Compliance with recommendations for bacterial levels varied depending on the methodology employed in the analysis. The flushing process did not reduce the occurrence of Legionella spp. or free-living protozoa. Conclusion. The results support recent U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations that the process of flushing dental water lines cannot be relied upon as a sole means of reliably improving the quality of water used in dental treatment. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 270 EP 274 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034HF UT WOS:000236919200008 PM 16640149 ER PT J AU Holsapple, MP Jones, D Kawabata, TT Kimber, I Sarlo, K Selgrade, MK Shah, J Woolhiser, MR AF Holsapple, MP Jones, D Kawabata, TT Kimber, I Sarlo, K Selgrade, MK Shah, J Woolhiser, MR TI Assessing the potential to induce respiratory hypersensitivity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE respiratory toxicology-respiratory sensitization; immunotoxicology-chemical allergy; immunotoxicology-protein allergy ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHEMICALS; SERUM-ALBUMIN CONJUGATE; LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; MOUSE IGE TEST; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; FOOD ALLERGY; MICE; ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIZATION AB Acute and repeat dose inhalation studies have been an important part of the safety assessment of drugs, chemicals, and other products throughout the world for many years. It is known that damage to the respiratory tract can be triggered either by nonspecific irritation or by specific immune-mediated pathogenesis, and it is acknowledged that traditional inhalation studies are not designed to address fully the impact of the latter. It is also recognized that different types of immune-mediated responses can be triggered by different classes of compounds and that some immune reactions in the lung are life threatening. As such, it is important to understand as fully as possible the basis for the immune-mediated damage to the lung in order to characterize adequately the risks of individual chemicals or proteins. It is against this background that a review of the methods used to assess the potential for immune-mediated respiratory hypersensitivity was conducted. The primary objectives of this review are to discuss appropriate methods for identifying and characterizing respiratory hypersensitivity hazards and risks; and to identify key data gaps and related research needs with respect to respiratory hypersensitivity testing. The following working definition of respiratory hypersensitivity was formulated: a hypersensitivity response in the respiratory tract precipitated by a specific immune response, mediated by multiple mechanisms, including IgE antibody. Because of the importance played by various classes of compounds, the subsequent sections of this review will consider protein-specific, chemical-specific, and drug-specific aspects of respiratory hypersensitivity. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. UK Med & Healthcare Prod Regulatory Agcy, London, England. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Holsapple, MP (reprint author), 1 Thomas Circle NW 9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mholsapple@ilsi.org NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj074 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 032WX UT WOS:000236808200002 PM 16339788 ER PT J AU Thomas, T Thomas, K Sadrieh, N Savage, N Adair, P Bronaugh, R AF Thomas, T Thomas, K Sadrieh, N Savage, N Adair, P Bronaugh, R TI Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part VII: Evaluating consumer exposure to nanoscale materials SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoscale materials; consumer products; regulatory agencies; product safety; exposure assessment AB Considerable media attention has recently been given to novel applications for products that contain nanoscale materials. These products could have utility in several industries that market consumer products, including textiles, sporting equipment, cosmetics, consumer electronics, and household cleaners. Some of the purported benefits of these products include improved performance, convenience, lower cost, as well as other desirable features, when compared to the conventional products that do not contain nanoscale materials. Although there are numerous likely consumer advantages from products containing nanoscale materials, there is very little information available regarding consumer exposure to the nanoscale materials in these products or any associated risks from these exposures. This paper seeks to review a limited subset of products that contain nanoscale materials, assess the available data for evaluating the consumer exposures and potential hazards associated with these products, and discuss the capacity of U.S. regulatory agencies to address the potential risks associated with these products. C1 US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Thomas, T (reprint author), US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM tthomas@cpsc.gov NR 12 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj129 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 032WX UT WOS:000236808200003 PM 16476686 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Bartolucci-Page, E Fenton, SE You, L AF Wang, XJ Bartolucci-Page, E Fenton, SE You, L TI Altered mammary gland development in male rats exposed to genistein and methoxychlor SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; genistein; methoxychlor; mammary; microarray; insulin-like growth factor 1; beta-catenin; casein ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS ALPHA; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; BREAST-CANCER; BETA-CATENIN; IN-VITRO; INSULIN; PHYTOESTROGENS; DIFFERENTIATION; MODULATION AB Genistein (GE) is a prevalent phytoestrogen whose presence in human and animal foods may affect biological actions of synthetic endocrine active compounds. We have previously reported that in utero and lactational exposure to high doses of GE or the endocrine active pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) caused mammary epithelial proliferation in 21-day-old male rats. Combined exposure to GE and MXC resulted in significant feminization of the male mammary glands. The goals of the current study were to evaluate mammary responses to GE and MXC at the adult stage and investigate relevant mechanisms. Following in utero, lactational exposure (through maternal diet), and direct dietary exposure, the inguinal mammary gland of male rats (90 days of age) was found to exhibit significant morphological alterations in the groups treated with GE and/or MXC compared to the control. GE exposure (at 300 and 800 ppm concentrations) caused lobular enlargement and epithelial proliferation, whereas MXC exposure (800 ppm) led to ductal elongation and lobular enlargement. Combining the two treatments caused prominent proliferation of both ducts and alveoli; secretory material was seen in readily recognizable alveolar lumens, which are absent in untreated male mammary. We also surveyed gene expression in the mammary tissue using a cDNA microarray and evaluated relevant protein factors. The results indicated that the treatment effects are likely due to interactions between steroid hormone receptor-mediated signals and growth factor-driven cellular pathways. The distinctive responses associated with the GE+MXC combination were likely linked to enhanced actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 and related downstream pathways. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP You, L (reprint author), 1267 Horsham Way, Apex, NC 27502 USA. EM liyou@nc.rr.com NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj120 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 032WX UT WOS:000236808200011 PM 16443925 ER PT J AU Costa, DL Lehmann, JR Winsett, D Richards, J Ledbetter, AD Dreher, KL AF Costa, DL Lehmann, JR Winsett, D Richards, J Ledbetter, AD Dreher, KL TI Comparative pulmonary toxicological assessment of oil combustion particles following inhalation or instillation exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE instillation; inhalation; ROFA; dosimetry; health effects ID NOSE-ONLY INHALATION; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; AEROSOL INHALATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; TRANSITION-METALS; SOLUBLE METALS; RAT LUNG; IN-VIVO AB Controversy persists regarding the validity of intratracheal instillation (IT) of particulate matter (PM) as a surrogate for inhalation exposure (IH) in rodents. Concerns center on dose, dose-rate, and distribution of material within the lung. Acute toxicity of a residual oil fly ash (ROFA) administered by IH was compared to those effects of a single IT bolus at an IH-equivalent dose. Male Sprague Dawley rats (60 days old) were exposed by nose-only IH to similar to 12 mg/m(3) for 6 h. Inter-lobar dose distribution of ROFA, dissected immediately post exposure, was assayed by neutron activation. Vanadium and nickel were used as ROFA markers. IT administration of the IH-equivalent dose (110 mu g) showed similar (< 15%) interlobular distribution, with the exception of the inferior lobe dose (IT > IH similar to 25%). Evaluation of airway hyperreactivity (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) constituents, and histopathology was conducted at 24, 48, and 96 h post exposure. AHR in the IH group was minimally (p > 0.05) affected by treatment, but was significantly increased (similar to 40%) at both 24 and 48 h post IT. Inflammation in both groups, as measured by alterations in BALF protein, lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophils, was virtually identical at all time points. Alveolitis and bronchial inflammation/epithelial hypertrophy were prominent 24 h following IT, but not apparent after IH. Conversely, alveolar hemorrhage, congestion, and airway exudate were pronounced at 48 h post-IH but not remarkable in the IT group. Thus, IT-ROFA mimicked IH in terms of lobar distribution and injury biomarkers over 96 h, while morphological alterations and AHR appeared to be more dependent on the method of administration. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Costa, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, E205-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov NR 38 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj123 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 032WX UT WOS:000236808200027 PM 16449252 ER PT J AU Colli, JL Colli, A AF Colli, JL Colli, A TI International comparisons of prostate cancer mortality rates with dietary practices and sunlight levels SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; epidemiology; cancer prevention; diet; sunlight; international ID CAPITA FOOD-CONSUMPTION; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BINDING PROTEINS; BETA-CAROTENE AB Prostate cancer mortality rates vary widely across the world. The purpose of this study is to identify environmental factors associated with prostate cancer mortality risk. Prostate cancer mortality rates in 71 countries were compared to per capita food intake rates using age-adjusted cancer rates (year 2000) from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and food consumption data (1990-1992) provided by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Simple regression models were applied to prostate cancer mortality rates and consumption rates for 38 foods (or food categories), and sunlight levels (latitude from the equator and ultraviolet indexes). The analysis found a correlation between increased prostate cancer mortality rates and the consumption of total animal calories, total animal fat calories, meat, animal fat, milk, sugar, alcoholic beverages, and stimulants. The consumption of cereal grains and rice, in particular, correlated strongly with decreasing prostate cancer mortality. The analysis found that increased sunlight levels and consumption of oilseeds, soybeans, and onions also correlate with decreased prostate cancer mortality risk. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to build a regression model with minimum colinearity between the variables. Cereals, total animal fat calories, sugar, and onions are the foods that resulted in a model with the best fit. Cereals, ultraviolet index, sugar, and onions were the variables found to provide the best fit in a model when ambient sunlight exposure was included as a factor. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Colli, JL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM jcolli@surg.uab.edu NR 74 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL-SEMIN ORI JI Urol. Oncol.-Semin. Orig. Investig. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2005.05.023 PG 11 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 048KA UT WOS:000237944800003 PM 16678047 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD AF Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD TI Effects of ferric hydroxide on methanogenesis from lipids and long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digestion SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anaerobic degradation; lipids; long-chain fatty acid; ferric hydroxide ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; MILL WASTEWATERS; VEGETABLE-OIL; OLEIC-ACID; DEGRADATION; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; REDUCTION; HYDROGEN; GLUCOSE AB The addition of ferric hydroxide to sludge from a municipal anaerobic digester stimulated the rate of methanogenesis from canola oil when the initial oil concentration was high (4600 mg/L; P < 0.002), but not when it was low (920 mg/L; P > 0.05). Similar trends were observed when oleic acid, a fatty acid that is a major component of canola oil triglycerides, was provided, but the effects were statistically significant only when the initial concentration of ferric hydroxide was also high (18 g/L; P = 0.015). Iron reduction occurred when ferric hydroxide was added to microcosms containing anaerobic digester sludge, but the extent of ferrous iron production was much less in acetate-amended microcosms than in those that were provided with canota oil or oleic acid. Methanogenesis and acetate consumption were completely inhibited when the initial acetate concentration was approximately 5000 mg/L, regardless of the initial ferric hydro xide concentration. The main effect of ferric hydroxide in this system appears to have been a result of stimulation of the rate of fatty acid oxidation. C1 Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wrenn, BA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, Campus Box 1180,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM bawrenn@seas.wustl.edu NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 78 IS 5 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.2175/106143005X73064 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 044JG UT WOS:000237667800007 PM 16752613 ER PT J AU Chough, SH Kim, KS Hyung, KW Cho, HI Park, HR Choi, OJ Song, SH Rogers, KR AF Chough, SH Kim, KS Hyung, KW Cho, HI Park, HR Choi, OJ Song, SH Rogers, KR TI Identification of botanical origins of starches using a glucose biosensor and amyloglucosidase SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE botanical origin of starch; principal component analysis; glucose biosensor; enzymatic hydrolysis; amyloglucosidase ID AMYLOSE AB New sensory techniques for the identification of botanical origins of starches are developed with two point data of enzymatic glucose production from a starch. The used starches are from rice, corn, potato, sweet potato, wheat, banana, chestnut, and tapioca. The amylose contents of all the starches are in the range of 20-30%. The two point glucose production are measured with free amyloglucosidase and a glucose biosensor in 0.6 M phosphate buffer of pH 6.5 at 37 degrees C after heat treatment of starch suspension at 55 and 60 degrees C for 1 h. These methods are using the principal component analysis and the direct plot on the new coordinate frame developed with new two variables, X = (R-60 - R-55) and Y = (R-60/R-55), calculated from glucose product ratio (R), where R is the amperometric response ratio of glucose produced by enzymatic starch hydrolysis to that from a 50 mu M glucose standard. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Sunchon Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sunchon, South Korea. Yosu Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Yosu, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Res Exposure Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Chough, SH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM choughsh@chonnam.ac.kr NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD APR 26 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.123 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 030RI UT WOS:000236651600003 ER PT J AU Riddick, L Gentry, EL McDaniel, M Brumley, WC AF Riddick, L Gentry, EL McDaniel, M Brumley, WC TI Evaluation of N-methyl-N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide for environmental analysis under both EIMS and electron capture NICIMS conditions and comparison to trimethylsilyl reagents under EIMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BSTFA; MTBSTFA; oestradiol; effluent; trichloropyridinol; GC/MS; cleanup; porous graphitic carbon HPLC ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLORPYRIFOS; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; ESTROGENS; CHEMICALS; EFFLUENT; RAT AB N -Methyl- N -tert-butyldimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) is a silylating agent with a range of applicability in clinical and environmental analysis, particularly when substrates possess at least moderate acidity. In this paper, we demonstrate its applicability and limitations as a reagent for environmental analysis by comparing and contrasting two different target analyte problems in a sewage effluent matrix. In one case, electron ionization was used for the determination of three potential endocrine disrupting compounds: 17 ss-oestradiol, ethynyl oestradiol, and oestrone where the phenolic functionality was silylated with MTBSTFA and `compared with results using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) as the reagent. In this instance, a large volume of effluent was subjected to either solid-phase extraction followed by cleanup using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (AppI) or liquid/liquid extraction followed by SPE fractionation and HPLC fractionation (AppII). The method using BSTFA rather than MTBSTFA was demonstrated to work down to low and sub-ppt levels where the target compounds were found. In a parallel and contrasting study, sewage effluent was analysed for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) by extracting one liter of water using liquid-liquid extraction and determined by GC/MS operated in the negative ion chemical ionization (electron capture) mode after derivatization with MTBSTFA. TCP is the major metabolite of the commonly used insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and herbicide trichlorpyr. The recoveries using dichloromethane as the extractant were 59%, with a relative standard deviation of 2%. This method was used to investigate levels of TCP in sewage effluent. During this analysis, a tentatively identified additional isomer of TCP (X-TCP) was found. The 3,5,6-TCP, the common chlorpyrifos metabolite and the synthesized isomer, 3,4,5-TCP were compared with X-TCP. All three isomers have significantly different retention times. The average level of 3,5,6-TCP was 3.4 ng L-1 , while the level of X-TCP was 39.8 ng L-1 . The two approaches are compared and contrasted with respect to artefact formation and matrix component effects. The reagent MTBSTFA is found to be suitable for quantitative analysis of environmental samples for relatively acidic substrates (e.g. phenols and carboxylic acids). More powerful silylating agents such as N-methyl-N-trimethylacetamide or BSTFA are required for sterols and similar substrates. The stability of the two silylating reagents appears to be similar and practical for accurate quantitative analysis. Differences in EI spectra with respect to fragmentation may also dictate which reagent is preferred. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Riddick, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM riddick.lee@epa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 5 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1080/03067310500211294 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031JK UT WOS:000236700500001 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Kelly, JR Miller, SE AF Yurista, PM Kelly, JR Miller, SE TI Comparisons of zooplankton community size structure in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; CALIBRATION; SPECTRUM; ONTARIO; BIOMASS; DESIGN AB Zooplankton mean size and size spectra distribution potentially reflect the condition of trophic interactions and ecosystem health because they are affected by both resource availability and planktivore pressure. We assessed zooplankton mean size and size spectra using an optical plankton counter (OPC) on 35 site visits among lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario (2002-2003). The surveys were conducted in both nearshore regions (5-20 m depth) and on associated transects to offshore regions either greater than 8 km from shore or greater than 100 m depth. The survey sites were distributed across a gradient of land use disturbance in watersheds adjacent to the nearshore regions. The mean size, biomass density, statistical size distribution, and normalized biomass size spectra of zooplankton were determined from OPC measurements for all locations. Significant differences among lakes were observed in mean size, biomass, and the parameters of size spectra distributions for both nearshore and offshore regions. Significant differences within lakes were observed in some parameters that also allowed for significant discrimination between nearshore and offshore zooplankton communities in lakes Michigan (mean size, biomass, one spectral parameter), Ontario (mean size, three spectral parameters), and Superior (one spectral parameter). Similarly, some parameters allowed for discrimination between offshore epilimnion and hypolimnion waters in lakes Michigan (mean size, biomass, and four spectral parameters), Huron (biomass), and Ontario (two spectral parameters). The use of OPC technology and parameters that characterize spectral shape may have potential as an efficient and economic way for developing a size-based zooplankton metric to discriminate among zooplankton communities in the Great Lakes. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C5 AR C05S08 DI 10.1029/2005JC002971 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 039MN UT WOS:000237310100001 ER PT J AU Delker, D Hatch, G Allen, J Crissman, B George, M Geter, D Kilburn, S Moore, T Nelson, G Roop, B Slade, R Swank, A Ward, W DeAngelo, A AF Delker, D Hatch, G Allen, J Crissman, B George, M Geter, D Kilburn, S Moore, T Nelson, G Roop, B Slade, R Swank, A Ward, W DeAngelo, A TI Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress associated with bromate carcinogenicity SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potassium bromate; oxidative stress; gene expression; tissue oxidation; oxygen-18; glutathione metabolism; threshold; risk assessment; molecular biomarkers ID POTASSIUM BROMATE; DNA-DAMAGE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; RENAL CARCINOGEN; RATS; GLUTATHIONE; CYSTEINE; KIDNEYS AB Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a chemical oxidizing agent found in drinking water as a disinfection byproduct of surface water ozonation. Chronic exposures to KBrO3 cause renal cell tumors in rats, hamsters and mice and thyroid and testicular mesothelial tumors in rats. Experimental evidence indicates that bromate mediates toxicological effects via the induction of oxidative stress. To investigate the contribution of oxidative stress in KBrO3-induced cancer, male F344 rats were administered KBrO3 in their drinking water at multiple concentrations for 2-100 weeks. Gene expression analyses were performed on kidney, thyroid and mesothelial cell RNA. Families of mRNA transcripts differentially expressed with respect to bromate treatment included multiple cancer, cell death, ion transport and oxidative stress genes. Multiple glutathione metabolism genes were up-regulated in kidney following carcinogenic (400 mg/L) but not non-carcinogenic (20 mg/L) bromate exposures. 8-Oxodeoxyguanosine glycosylase (Oggl) mRNA was up-regulated in response to bromate treatment in kidney but not thyroid. A dramatic decrease in global gene expression changes was observed following 1 mg/L compared to 20mg/L bromate exposures. In a separate study oxygen-18 (O-18) labeled KBrO3 was administered to male rats by oral gavage and tissues were analyzed for O-18 deposition. Tissue enrichment of O-18 was observed at 5 and 24 h post-(KBrO3)-O-18 exposure with the highest enrichment occurring in the liver followed by the kidney, thyroid and testes. The kidney dose response observed was biphasic showing similar statistical increases in O-18 deposition between 0.25 and 50mg/L (equivalent dose) (KBrO3)-O-18 followed by a much greater increase above 50 mg/L. These results suggest that carcinogenic doses of potassium bromate require attainment of a threshold at which oxidation of tissues occurs and that gene expression profiles may be predictive of these physiological changes in renal homeostasis. (c) 2005 Aww Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCBA, SEE Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Delker, D (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM delker.don@epa.gov NR 24 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 2-3 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.12.011 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 036BU UT WOS:000237046700005 PM 16442688 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM AF Crofton, KM TI Bromate: Concern for developmental neurotoxicity? SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromate; developmental neurotoxicity; thyroid ID FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; POTASSIUM BROMATE; THYROID-HORMONES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; ENDEMIC CRETINISM; SYSTEM; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; RODENTS AB The use of ozonation in the purification of drinking water can lead to the formation of bromate. The current regulatory challenges for bromate contamination of drinking water include the need to assess potential human health risks. One health risk of concern is developmental neurotoxicity. Currently, the need for a developmental neurotoxicity study for bromate, based on the weight of evidence, is uncertain. Bromate induces neurotoxicity in adults at high acute exposures and produces hearing loss and structural damage in the cochlea in humans and rodents. However, there is a wide margin of exposure in these studies compared to environmental levels of bromate in water supplies. Data on the effects of bromate on thyroid hormone levels is not consistent and thyroid endocrine disruption is not likely a causative factor in thyroid tumor formation. There is no evidence that bromate caused central nervous system malformations, brain weight changes in developmental studies, nor are there any known structure-activity relationships to other known neurotoxicants. A prudent approach to reduce the uncertainty in the need for a developmental neurotoxicity study of exposure to bromate in drinking water should include determinations of whether bromate ototoxicity occurs with extended duration, low concentration exposures. These studies would provide invaluable data for the weight-of-evidence approach used to determine the necessity of a developmental neurotoxicity study of bromate. (c) 2006 Aww Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MB-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 2-3 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.01.021 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 036BU UT WOS:000237046700013 PM 16516369 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R Haber, L Dourson, M AF Schoeny, R Haber, L Dourson, M TI Data considerations for regulation of water contaminants SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mode of action; chloroform; naphthalene; atrazine; weight-of-evidence ID MODE AB There are several pieces of legislation based on human health assessment that set the framework for U.S. EPA's regulation of water contaminants, such as bromate. The Safe Drinking Water Act, for example, specifies that the best available science be used in support of regulation of drinking water contaminants, and highlights that regulations must provide protection to sensitive human populations. Recent EPA guidance, including the 2005 Cancer Guidelines, emphasize analyzing data, and using defaults only in the absence of adequate data. This represents a major shift from the former practice of invoking default methodologies or values unless it was judged that there were sufficient data to depart from them. The Guidelines further present a framework for assessing data in order to determine if a mode of action (MOA) can be established, based on a modification of the Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. A similar approach is used by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). To illustrate the application of the framework for evaluating animal tumors, three case studies are considered here. In the first example (chloroform carcinogenicity), sufficient data exist to identify the MOA in animals, and the data are used to illustrate the evaluation of the plausibility of the animal MOA in humans, taking into account toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. In this case, the MOA was judged to be relevant to humans, and was used to determine the approach for the cancer quantitation. In the second example (naphthalene inhalation carcinogenicity), the key question is whether the weight of evidence (WOE) is sufficient to establish the MOA in animals. Atrazine-induced mammary tumors form the final example, illustrating the reasoning used to determine that the tumor MOA in animals was not considered relevant to humans; atrazine is therefore considered not likely to be a human carcinogen. (c) 2006 Aww Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Haber, L (reprint author), Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. EM Schoeny.Rita@epa.gov; Haber@tera.org; Dourson@tera.org NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.01.019 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 036BU UT WOS:000237046700014 PM 16483704 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Fendorf, S Wilkin, RT AF Ford, RG Fendorf, S Wilkin, RT TI Introduction: Controls on arsenic transport in near-surface aquatic systems SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ford, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epa.gov RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.014 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035JT UT WOS:000236997800001 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Wilkin, RT Hernandez, G AF Ford, RG Wilkin, RT Hernandez, G TI Arsenic cycling within the water column of a small lake receiving contaminated ground-water discharge SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE arsenic; ferrihydrite; ferrous iron oxidation; coprecipitation; rates; ground water; surface water ID STRATIFIED LAKE; MEROMICTIC LAKE; SUPERFUND SITE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MINE DRAINAGE; IRON; SPECIATION; OXIDATION; FERRIHYDRITES; CHEMISTRY AB The fate of arsenic discharged from contaminated ground water to a small, shallow lake at a hazardous waste site was examined to understand the role of iron (hydr)oxide precipitation-dissolution processes within the water column. Field and laboratory observations indicate that arsenic solubility was controlled, in part, by the extent of ferrous iron oxidation-precipitation and arsenic sorption occurring near the lake chemocline. Laboratory experiments were conducted using site-derived water to assess the impact of these coupled processes on the removal of dissolved arsenic from the water column. The measured concentration of organic carbon from epilimnetic and hypolimnetic water sampled from the lake was approximately 1.3 mM and 17.0 mM, respectively. Experiments conducted with these samples along with synthetic controls containing no organic carbon demonstrated that observed rates of formation and crystallinity of the precipitated iron (hydr)oxide were dependent on the concentration of organic carbon in the lake water. Increasing dissolved organic matter concentration did not significantly interfere with ferrous iron oxidation, but inhibited iron (hydr)oxide precipitation and subsequent sorption of arsenic. For experiments using water sampled from the lake hypolimnion there was a strong relationship between the fraction of precipitated iron and the fraction of sorbed arsenic. Laboratory-and field-derived iron (hydr)oxide precipitates were characterized to evaluate mineralogy and arsenic distribution. In-situ suspended solids and precipitates formed in laboratory experiments using hypolimnetic water were identified as poorly crystalline 2-line ferrihydrite. These solids were readily dissolved in the presence of dithionite indicating that elevated dissolved iron and arsenic observed in the hypolimnion resulted, in part, from in-situ reductive dissolution of settling 2-line ferrihydrite near the sediment-water interface. These observations support the contention that the levels of dissolved arsenic observed in the shallow lake can be attributed to ground-water discharge and internal recycling of arsenic within the water column. The efficiency of the process resulting in iron (hydr)oxide precipitation and arsenic sorption limits the downgradient export of arsenic derived from ground-water discharge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. E Cent Univ, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Ford, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epa.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.021 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035JT UT WOS:000236997800011 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Ford, RG AF Wilkin, RT Ford, RG TI Arsenic solid-phase partitioning in reducing sediments of a contaminated wetland SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE arsenic; iron; pyrite; greigite; anoxic sediments; contaminated sediments; ground-water/surface-water interactions; XANES spectroscopy; stable sulfur isotopes ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; PYRITE FORMATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SULFIDIC SEDIMENTS AB The geochemical partitioning of arsenic in organic-rich sediments from a contaminated wetland is examined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and selective chemical extraction procedures, and evaluated in context to the anoxic diagenesis of iron and sulfur. The interaction between ground water and surface water has a significant influence on iron sulfide formation in the wetland sediments. Ground-water seeps supply concentrations of sulfate, dissolved hydrocarbons, ferrous iron, and arsenic, and sediments located near seeps are anomalously enriched in arsenic, reactive iron, and acid-volatile sulfides. Degree-of-sulfidation (DOS) values are high in sediments adjacent to sites of ground-water discharge, ranging from 0.57 to 1.0. Pyrite (FeS2) formation is apparently not limited by the abundance of any one primary reactant, e.g., organic carbon, sulfate, or reactive iron; instead, persistence of precursor iron monosulfides is attributed to slow pyrite formation kinetics due to low concentrations of reactive intermediate sulfur species or possibly due to high concentrations of arsenite, dissolved organic-carbon, or other solutes that adsorb to iron monosulfides surfaces and impede transformation reactions to pyrite. Greigite (Fe3S4) accounts for > 80% of total reduced sulfur in sediments rich in acid-volatile sulfide and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data for magnetic separates provide direct evidence that As(III) is, at least in part, associated with reduced sulfur in the form of greigite. However, pyrite can only account for a small percentage, < 20%, of the total arsenic budget in the reduced sediments. Although pyrite is the predicted stable endpoint for reactive iron and sulfur, it appears that within a 30 y time period pyrite is a relatively unimportant host for arsenic in the system investigated here. The abundance of reactive iron in the sediments prevents accumulation of dissolved sulfide and thus prevents formation of soluble thioarsenic species. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy indicates only the presence of As(Ill) in the reduced sediments. Results of linear combination fitting of reference spectra to sediment spectra are consistent with sulfur- and/or oxygen-coordinated As(III) in association with iron monosulfides and ferrous-bearing carbonates or hydroxides. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 80 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.022 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035JT UT WOS:000236997800012 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Cai, JW Savitz, DA Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Cooper, GS AF Farr, SL Cai, JW Savitz, DA Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Cooper, GS TI Pesticide exposure and timing of menopause - The agricultural health study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; endocrine disruptors; fertility; hormone antagonists; hormones; menopause; ovary; pesticides ID FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; NATURAL MENOPAUSE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; THYROID-FUNCTION; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; IN-VITRO; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY AB Age at menopause has implications for fertility and risk of hormonally related chronic diseases. Some pesticides disrupt reproductive hormones or are toxic to the ovary, but little is known about the association between pesticide exposure and timing of menopause. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the association between use of pesticides and age at menopause among 8,038 women living and working on farms in Iowa and North Carolina. Premenopausal women aged 35-55 years were followed from enrollment (1993-1997) to the date of their last menstrual period, or their follow-up interview (1999-2003) if still premenopausal. Women who experienced surgical menopause were censored at the date of surgery. Approximately 62% of the women reported ever mixing or applying pesticides; women who had never used pesticides were the comparison group for all analyses. After control for age, smoking status, and past use of oral contraceptives, the median time to menopause increased by approximately 3 months for women who used pesticides (hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.97) and by approximately 5 months for women who used hormonally active pesticides (hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.92). Pesticide use may be associated with a later age at menopause. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Farr, SL (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bwa0@cdc.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018] NR 99 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 8 BP 731 EP 742 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj099 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 030DE UT WOS:000236612700007 PM 16495469 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Ju, YH Keener, TC Varma, RS AF Lee, JY Ju, YH Keener, TC Varma, RS TI Development of cost-effective noncarbon sorbents for Hg-0 removal from coal-fired power plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-IMPREGNATED ADSORBENTS; ACTIVATED CARBONS; MERCURY CONTROL; FLUE-GAS; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; SILICA; CLAY; VAPOR; IONS AB Noncarbonaceous materials or mineral oxides (silica gel, alumina, molecular sieves, zeolites, and montmorillonite) were modified with various functional groups such as amine, amide, thiol, urea, and active additives such as elemental sulfur, sodium sulfide, and sodium polysulfide to examine their potential as sorbents for the removal of elemental mercury (Hg-0) vapor at coal-fired utility power plants. A number of sorbent candidates such as amine- silica gel, urea- silica gel, thiol- silica gel, amide-silica gel, sulfur- alumina, sulfur-molecular sieve, sulfur-montmorillonite, sodium sulfide-montmorillonite, and sodium polysulfide-montmorillonite, were synthesized and tested in a lab-scale fixed-bed system under an argon flow for screening purposes at 70 degrees C and/or 140 degrees C. Several functionalized silica materials reported in previous studies to effectively control heavy metals in the aqueous phase showed insignificant adsorption capacities for Hg-0 control in the gas phase, suggesting that mercury removal mechanisms in both phases are different. Among elemental sulfur-, sodium sulfide-, and sodium polysulfide-impregnated inorganic samples, sodium polysulfide-impregnated montmorillonite K 10 showed a moderate adsorption capacity at 70 degrees C, which can be used for sorbent injection prior to the wet FGD system. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Tim.Keener@uc.edu NR 35 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2714 EP 2720 DI 10.1021/es051951l PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035HX UT WOS:000236992700036 PM 16683613 ER PT J AU Freeman, J Modarres, R AF Freeman, J Modarres, R TI Inverse Box-Cox: The power-normal distribution SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Box-Cox transformation; power normal; skewness; uncertainty analysis; quantiles; lognormal ID BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSFORMATION AB Box-Cox transformation system produces the power normal (PN) family, whose members include normal and lognormal distributions. We study the moments of PIN and obtain expressions for its mean and variance. The quantile functions and a quantile measure of skewness are discussed to show that the PN family is ordered with respect to the transformation parameter. Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials are used to show that the correlation coefficient is smaller in the PN scale than the original scale. We use the Frechet bounds to obtain expressions for the lower and upper bounds of the correlation coefficient. A numerical routine is used to compute the bounds. The transformation parameter of the PN family is used to investigate the effects of model uncertainty on the up per quantile estimates. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Modarres, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM lee-freeman.jade@epa.gov; Reza@gwu.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 8 BP 764 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2005.10.036 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 040GW UT WOS:000237368000002 ER PT J AU Pyle, SM Sovocool, GW Riddick, LA AF Pyle, SM Sovocool, GW Riddick, LA TI Analysis of volatiles and semivolatiles in drinking water by microextraction and thermal desorption SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Validation of Robustness of Sensors and Bioassays for Screening Polluatants CY DEC 02-03, 2004 CL Menorca, SPAIN SP Minist Sci & Educ DE microextraction; thermal desorption; drinking water ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION; BROMIDE AB A new technique to analyze aqueous samples for nanograms per liter levels of volatile and semivolatile compounds using microextraction and thermal desorption into a gas chromatograph/ion trap mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is described. This method is inherently sensitive (50 mL of aqueous sample is extracted prior to each desorption), uses no solvents, and detects volatiles and semivolatiles in the same analysis. Aqueous standards and environmental samples are pumped through a length of porous-layer open-tubular capillary column, which is then thermally desorbed onto a 30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. analytical column interfaced to an ion trap mass spectrometer for subsequent separation and detection. Sharp chromatographic peaks and reproducible retention times (RT) were observed. Replicate injections of surrogates (n = 6) averaged 32.6% R.S.D. Analysis of domestic tap water derected 55 analytes, some at the low-nanograms per liter level, and detected 3 halogenated ethenes, not previously reported in drinking water. Analysis of an aqueous sample from a municipal ground water source detected the presence of numerous semivolatile compounds at trace-levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Pyle, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM Pyle.Steven@epa.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 494 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.10.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 015VV UT WOS:000235580300028 PM 18970594 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Bruckner, JV Haines, WT Muralidhara, S Fisher, JW Padilla, S AF Anand, SS Bruckner, JV Haines, WT Muralidhara, S Fisher, JW Padilla, S TI Characterization of deltamethrin metabolism by rat plasma and liver microsomes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carboxylesterases; CYP450s; deltamethrin; pyrethroid metabolism; liver microsomes; plasma; Vinax and Kin; rat ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SERUM CARBOXYLESTERASE; CIS-PERMETHRIN; DECAMETHRIN; TOXICITY; BRAIN; TOXICOKINETICS; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROTOXICITY; INHIBITION AB Deltamethrin, a widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide, is a relatively potent neurotoxicant. While the toxicity has been extensively examined, toxicokinetic studies of deltamethrin and most other pyrethroids are very limited. The aims of this study were to identify, characterize, and assess the relative contributions of esterases and cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) responsible for deltamethrin metabolism by measuring deltamethrin disappearance following incubation of various concentrations (2 to 400 mu M) in plasma (esterases) and liver microsomes (esterases and CYP450s) prepared from adult male rats. While the carboxylesterase metabolism in plasma and liver was characterized using an inhibitor, tetra isopropyl pyrophosphoramide (isoOMPA), CYP450 metabolism was characterized using the cofactor, NADPH. Michaelis-Menten rate constants were calculated using linear and nonlinear regression as applicable. The metabolic efficiency of these pathways was estimated by calculating intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km). In plasma, isoOMPA completely inhibited deltamethrin biotransformation at concentrations (2 and 20 mu M of deltamethrin) that are 2- to 10-fold higher than previously reported peak blood levels in deltamethrin-poisoned rats. For carboxylesterase-mediated deltamethrin metabolism in plasma, Vmax = 325.3 +/- 53.4 nmol/h/ml and Km = 165.4 +/- 41.9 mu M. Calcium chelation by EGTA did not inhibit deltamethrin metabolism in plasma or liver microsomes, indicating that A-esterases do not metabolize deltamethrin. In liver microsomes, esterase-mediated deltamethrm metabolism was completely inhibited by isoOMPA, confirming the role of carboxylesterases. The rate constants for liver carboxylesterases were Vmax = 1981.8 +/- 132.3 nmol/h/g liver and Km = 172.5 +/- 22.5 mu M. Liver microsomal CYP450-mediated biotransformation of deltamethrin was a higher capacity (Vmax = 2611.3 +/- 134.1 nmol/h/g liver) and higher affinity (Km = 74.9 +/- 5.9 mu M) process than carboxylesterase (plasma or liver) detoxification. Genetically engineered individual rat CYP450s (Supersomes) were used to identify specific CYP450 isozyme(s) involved in the deltamethrin metabolism. CYP1A2, CYP1A1, and CYP2C11 in decreasing order of importance quantitatively, metabolized deltamethrin. Intrinsic clearance by liver CYP450s (35.5) was more efficient than that by liver (12.0) or plasma carboxylesterases (2 4). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Anand, SS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sanand@rx.uga.edu NR 41 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 212 IS 2 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.021 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 035FQ UT WOS:000236986400008 PM 16169030 ER PT J AU Szego, EM Barabas, K Balog, J Szilagyi, N Korach, KS Juhasz, G Abraham, IM AF Szego, EM Barabas, K Balog, J Szilagyi, N Korach, KS Juhasz, G Abraham, IM TI Estrogen induces estrogen receptor alpha-dependent cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation via mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in vivo SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE steroid; ChAT; nongenomic; transgenic mice; signaling pathways; estrogen ID STIMULATED ACETYLCHOLINE-RELEASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CREB PHOSPHORYLATION; MEDIATES NEUROPROTECTION; BCL-2 EXPRESSION; HORMONE NEURONS; SENILE-DEMENTIA; MOUSE-BRAIN; CA2+ INFLUX AB In addition to classical genomic mechanisms, estrogen also exerts nonclassical effects via a signal transduction system on neurons. To study whether estrogen has a nonclassical effect on basal forebrain cholinergic system, we measured the intensity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation (pCREB) in cholinergic neurons after administration of 17 beta-estradiol to ovariectomized (OVX) mice. A significant time-dependent increase in the number of pCREB-positive cholinergic cells was detected after estrogen administration in the medial septum-diagonal band (MS-DB) and the substantia innominata ( SI). The increase was first observed 15 min after estrogen administration. The role of classical estrogen receptors (ERs) was evaluated using ER knock-out mice in vivo. The estrogen-induced CREB phosphorylation in cholinergic neurons was present in ER beta knock-out mice but completely absent in ER beta knock-out mice in MS-DB and SI. A series of in vitro studies demonstrated that estrogen acted directly on cholinergic neurons. Selective blockade of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in vivo completely prevented estrogen-induced CREB phosphorylation in cholinergic neurons in MS-DB and SI. In contrast, blockade of protein kinase A (PKA) was effective only in SI. Finally, studies in intact female mice revealed levels of CREB phosphorylation within cholinergic neurons that were similar to those of estrogen-treated OVX mice. These observations demonstrate an ER alpha-mediated nonclassical effect of estrogen on the cholinergic neurons and that these actions are present under physiological conditions. They also reveal the role of MAPK and PKA-MAPK pathway activation in nonclassical estrogen signaling in the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in vivo. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Neurobiol Res Grp, Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Receptor Biol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Abraham, IM (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Neurobiol Res Grp, Hungarian Acad Sci, Pazmany St 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. EM abraham@dec001.geobio.elte.hu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 61 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD APR 12 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 15 BP 4104 EP 4110 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0222-06.2006 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 034EY UT WOS:000236913000026 PM 16611827 ER PT J AU Bowen, TC Vane, LM AF Bowen, TC Vane, LM TI Ethanol, acetic acid, and water adsorption from binary and ternary liquid mixtures on high-silica zeolites SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ZSM-5 ZEOLITE; MEMBRANES; PERVAPORATION; DIFFUSION; SORPTION; SELECTIVITY; ISOTHERMS; RECOVERY; ALCOHOLS; RUBBER AB Adsorption isotherms were measured for ethanol, acetic acid, and water adsorbed on high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite powder from binary and ternary liquid mixtures at room temperature. Ethanol and water adsorption on two high-silica ZSM-5 zeolites with different aluminum contents and a high-silica beta zeolite were also compared. The amounts adsorbed were measured using a recently developed technique that accurately measures the changes in adsorbent/liquid mixture density and liquid concentration. This technique allows the adsorption of each compound in a liquid mixture to be measured. Adsorption data for binary mixtures were fit with the dual-site extended Langmuir model, and the parameters were used to predict ternary adsorption isotherms for each compound with reasonable accuracy. In ternary mixtures, acetic acid competed with ethanol and water for adsorption sites and reduced ethanol adsorption more than it reduced water adsorption. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bowen, TC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bowen.travis@epa.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 3721 EP 3727 DI 10.1021/la052538u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 032AG UT WOS:000236745700043 PM 16584248 ER PT J AU Thornburg, J Rodes, C Lamvik, M Willis, R Rosati, J AF Thornburg, J Rodes, C Lamvik, M Willis, R Rosati, J TI Image analysis method (IAM) for measurement of particle size distribution and mass availability on carpet fibers SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; EVOLUTION; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; SAMPLER; PRESS AB Exposure to particles that have deposited on surfaces is common in occupational and residential environments. Lack of an accurate tool for assessing particle size distribution and loading (mass per unit area) on carpet fibers available for exposure contributes to the uncertainty associated with current risk assessment models. This research presents a new, direct image analysis method (IAM) for measuring particle size distribution and loading on carpet fibers. New and old carpet fibers loaded with Arizona Test Dust were used to test the method. Carpet fibers were removed from the bulk carpet, mounted on substrates, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were collected. Particle size distribution and total mass were calculated from the processed images. The Arizona Test Dust (ATD) size distribution on fibers from two different carpets had mass median diameters of 3.6 (+/- 1.2) and 4.1 (+/- 0.7) mu m, similar to that for bulk ATD, 4.0 (+/- 0.5) mu m. Total ATD mass available on new carpet fibers calculated by IAM were statistically correlated with the mass collected on micro-vacuum samples (R-2 = 0.95). Direct comparison of the aerodynamic diameters measured by IAM with those measured automatically by the SEM showed a slight negative bias due to image resolution problems for the smallest particles. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thornburg, J (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jwt@rti.org NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1080/02786820600554429 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 017YQ UT WOS:000235729600006 ER PT J AU Santelmann, M Freemark, K Sifneos, J White, D AF Santelmann, M Freemark, K Sifneos, J White, D TI Assessing effects of alternative agricultural practices on wildlife habitat in Iowa, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE future scenarios; Iowa watersheds; landscape change; wildlife habitat; butterflies ID LANDSCAPE DESIGNS; BIRD USE; SCENARIOS; DYNAMICS; FUTURES AB A habitat-change model was used to compare past, present, and future land cover and management practices to assess potential impacts of alternative agricultural practices on wildlife in two agricultural watersheds, Walnut Creek and Buck Creek, in central Iowa, USA. This approach required a habitat map for each scenario based on soil type and land cover, a list of resident species, and an estimate of the suitability of each of 26 habitat classes for every species. Impact on wildlife was calculated from median percent change in habitat area relative to the present. Habitat classes with the highest species richness for native vertebrates were ungrazed riparian forest, upland forest and wet prairie. Differences in habitat composition and configuration were evident among maps of the watersheds for the past, present, and three alternative future scenarios (Production, Water Quality, and Biodiversity). The Production scenario ranked lowest in providing habitat for all native taxa. For most taxa, changes in wildlife habitat due to land use changes in the Biodiversity, Water Quality, and Past scenarios were similar, resulting in greater habitat than either the present landscape or the Production scenario. For native birds, amphibians, mammals, and rare species in both watersheds, the Biodiversity scenario ranked highest in providing habitat, and the Water Quality scenario was similar to or slightly below the Biodiversity scenario. The Water Quality scenario was similar to or slightly better than the Biodiversity scenario for reptiles and butterflies in both watersheds, and both ranked higher than the Production scenario for these taxa. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Santelmann, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM santelmm@science.oregonstate.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.015 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018LF UT WOS:000235765100022 ER PT J AU Luderer, U Collins, TFX Daston, GP Fischer, LJ Gray, RH Mirer, FE Olshan, AF Setzer, RW Treinen, KA Vermeulen, R AF Luderer, U Collins, TFX Daston, GP Fischer, LJ Gray, RH Mirer, FE Olshan, AF Setzer, RW Treinen, KA Vermeulen, R TI NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Styrene SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REINFORCED-PLASTICS INDUSTRY; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; SPERM CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; CRL-CD RATS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; EXPOSED WORKERS; INHALED STYRENE; CHRONIC TOXICITY/ONCOGENICITY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. United Auto Workers Union, Int Union, Detroit, MI USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Schering Plough Res Inst, Lafayette, NJ USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Luderer, U (reprint author), NIEHS, EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Vermeulen, Roel/F-8037-2011 OI Vermeulen, Roel/0000-0003-4082-8163 NR 132 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 110 EP 193 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20061 PG 84 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 036CN UT WOS:000237048600004 PM 16345075 ER PT J AU Pollard, AI Yuan, L AF Pollard, AI Yuan, L TI Community response patterns: Evaluating benthic invertebrate composition in metal-polluted streams SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrate; community composition; metal pollution; similarity streams ID MOUNTAIN STREAMS; HEAVY-METALS; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; PROCESS RATES; SPECIES LOSS; NEW-ZEALAND; 2 LAKES; ECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY AB Human activities are modifying the condition and character of ecosystems at a rapid rate. Because of these rapid changes, questions concerning how ecosystems and their assemblages respond to anthropogenic stressors have been of general interest. Accurate, prediction of assemblage composition in ecosystems with anthropogenic degradation requires that we assess both how assemblages respond to stressors and the generality of the responses. We ask whether assemblage composition among stream sites becomes more similar after exposure to a common stressor. Using data from biological monitoring programs in the southern Rocky Mountain ecoregion of Colorado and in West Virginia, we compare benthic invertebrate similarity and assemblage composition among sites having different levels (background, low, medium, and high) of heavy-metal pollution. Invertebrate assemblages were most similar within the background metal category, and similarity was progressively lower in low, medium, and high metal categories. Ail analysis of the frequency of occurrence of genera within metal categories reveals taxonomic shifts that conform to expectations based oil metal tolerance of benthic invertebrates. However, different metal-tolerant genera were found at different metal-impacted sites, suggesting that local abiotic and biotic processes may influence the identity of the metal-tolerant genera that become established in polluted sites. Low community similarity in the medium and high-metal categories Suggests that accurate prediction of assemblage composition at impacted sites may be challenging. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pollard, AI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pollard.amina@epa.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0645:CRPEBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200018 PM 16711051 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Preston, RJ Mendelsohn, M AF Wyrobek, AJ Preston, RJ Mendelsohn, M TI In memory of Anthony "'Tony" Carrano SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1002/em.20207 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 027XE UT WOS:000236448600001 ER PT J AU Durhan, EJ Lambright, CS Makynen, EA Lazorchak, J Hartig, PC Wilson, VS Gray, LE Ankley, GT AF Durhan, Elizabeth J. Lambright, Christy S. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Lazorchak, James Hartig, Phillip C. Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl Ankley, Gerald T. TI Identification of metabolites of trenbolone acetate in androgenic runoff from a beef feedlot SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ecological Relevance of Chemical-Induced Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife CY JUL, 2004 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE environmental androgen; feedlot runoff; trenbolone ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; RIVER WATER; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; HORMONES; CATTLE; PULP AB Little is known concerning the potential ecological effects of hormonally active substances associated with discharges from animal feeding operations. Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is widely used in the United States to promote growth of beef cattle. Metabolites of trenbolone acetate include the stereoisomers 17 alpha- and 17 beta-trenbolone, both of which are stable in animal wastes and are relatively potent androgens in fish and mammals. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the occurrence of 17 alpha- and 17 beta-trenbolone in a beef cattle feedlot discharge and in river water upstream and downstream from the discharge. In conjunction with that effort, we measured in vitro androgenic activity of the discharge using CV-1 cells that had been transiently cotransfected with human androgen receptor and reporter gene constructs. Samples were collected on nine different occasions during 2002 and 2003. Whole-water samples from the discharge caused a significant androgenic response in the CV-1 cells and contained detectable concentrations of 17 alpha- and 17 beta-trenbolone. Further work is needed to ascertain the degree to which synthetic androgens such as trenbolone contribute to androgenic activity of feedlot discharges. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Durhan, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM durhan.elizabeth@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571; gray jr, leon earl/0000-0002-1111-4754 NR 17 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 37 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 SU 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1289/ehp.8055 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153ZB UT WOS:000245475500010 PM 16818248 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TH Ankley, GT Segner, H Tyler, CR AF Hutchinson, Thomas H. Ankley, Gerald T. Segner, Helmut Tyler, Charles R. TI Screening and testing for endocrine disruption in fish - Biomarkers as "signposts," not "traffic lights," in risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ecological Relevance of Chemical-Induced Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife CY JUL, 2004 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE aquatic; biomarkers; ecotoxicology; fish; endocrine disruptor; estrogen; vitellogenin ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; FATHEAD MINNOW AB Biomarkers are currently best used as mechanistic "signposts" rather than as "traffic lights" in the environmental risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In field studies, biomarkers of exposure [e.g., vitellogenin (VTG) induction in male fish] are powerful tools for tracking single substances and mixtures of concern. Biomarkers also provide linkage between field and laboratory data, thereby playing an important role in directing the need for and design of fish chronic tests for EDCs. It is the adverse effect end points (e.g., altered development, growth, and/or reproduction) from such tests that are most valuable for calculating (NOEC)-N-adverse (no observed effect oncentration) or (EC10)-E-adverse (effective concentration for a 10% response) and subsequently deriving predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). With current uncertainties, (NOEC)-N-biomarker or (EC10)-E-biomarker data should not be used in isolation to derive PNECs. In the future, however, there may be scope to increasingly use biomarker data in environmental decision making, if plausible linkages am be made across levels of organization such that adverse outcomes might be envisaged relative to biomarker responses. For biomarkers to fulfil their potential, they should be mechanistically relevant and reproducible (as measured by interlaboratory comparisons of the same protocol). VTG is a good example of such a biomarker in that it provides an insight to the mode of action (estrogenicity) that is vital to fish reproductive health. Interlaboratory reproducibility data for VTG are also encouraging; recent comparisons (using the same immunoassay protocol) have provided coefficients of variation (CVs) of 38-55% (comparable to published CVs of 19-58% for fish survival and growth end points used in regulatory test guidelines). While concern over environmental xenoestrogens has led to the evaluation of reproductive biomarkers in fish, it must be remembered that many substances act via diverse mechanisms of action such that the environmental risk assessment for EDCs is a broad and complex issue. Also, biomarkers such as secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic indices, plasma steroids, and gonadal histology have significant potential for guiding interspecies assessments of EDCs and designing fish chronic tests. To strengthen the utility of EDC biomarkers in fish, we need to establish a historical control database (also considering natural variability) to help differentiate between statistically detectable versus biologically significant responses. In conclusion, as research continues to develop a range of useful EDC biomarkers, environmental decision-making needs to move forward, and it is proposed that the "biomarkers as signposts" approach is a pragmatic way forward in the current risk assessment of EDCs. C1 AstraZeneca Global Safety Hlth & Environm, Brixham Environm Lab, Brixham TQ5 8BA, Devon, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Bern, Ctr Fish Wildlife Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Exeter, Sch Biol Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Hutchinson, TH (reprint author), AstraZeneca Global Safety Hlth & Environm, Brixham Environm Lab, Brixham TQ5 8BA, Devon, England. EM tom.hutchinson@astrazeneca.com RI Segner, Helmut/D-5714-2014 OI Segner, Helmut/0000-0002-1783-1295 NR 126 TC 155 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 53 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 SU 1 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1289/ehp.8062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153ZB UT WOS:000245475500017 PM 16818255 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Lemanske, RF Gilmour, MI Neas, LM Ward, MDW Henneberger, PK Weissman, DN Hoppin, JA Dietert, RR Sly, PD Geller, AM Enright, PL Backus, GS Bromberg, PA Germolec, DR Yeatts, KB AF Selgrade, MK Lemanske, RF Gilmour, MI Neas, LM Ward, MDW Henneberger, PK Weissman, DN Hoppin, JA Dietert, RR Sly, PD Geller, AM Enright, PL Backus, GS Bromberg, PA Germolec, DR Yeatts, KB TI Induction of asthma and the environment: What we know and need to know SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; allergy; asthma economic impact; asthma induction; asthma prevalence; biologics; indoor environment; occupational exposure; public health; susceptibility ID DETERGENT INDUSTRY; RISK-FACTORS; SENSITIZATION; PREVENTION; EXPOSURE; APPRENTICES; EDUCATION; ALLERGY; IMPACT AB The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the last 25 years in the United States and in other nations as a result of ill-defined changes in living conditions in modern society. On 18 and 19 October 2004 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences sponsored the workshop "Environmental Influences on the Induction and Incidence of Asthma" to review current scientific evidence with respect to factors that may contribute to the induction of asthma. Participants addressed two broad questions: a) What does the science suggest that regulatory and public health agencies could do now to reduce the incidence of asthma? and b) What research is needed to improve our understanding of die factors that contribute to the induction of asthma and our ability to manage this problem? In this article (one of four articles resulting from the workshop), we briefly characterize asthma and its public health and economic impacts, and intervention strategies that have been successfully used to prevent induction of asthma in the workplace. We conclude with the findings of seven working groups that focus on ambient air, indoor pollutants (biologics), occupational exposures, early life stages, older adults, intrinsic susceptibility, and lifestyle. These groups found strong scientific support for public health efforts to limit in utero and postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke. However, with respect to other potential types of interventions, participants noted many scientific questions, which are summarized in this article. Research to address these questions could have a significant public health and economic impact that would be well worth the investment. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Div Pediat Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov RI Sly, Peter/F-1486-2010; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Sly, Peter/0000-0001-6305-2201; Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 36 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 4 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1289/ehp.8376 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030QX UT WOS:000236650500050 PM 16581555 ER PT J AU Gilmour, M Jaakkola, MS London, SJ Nel, AE Rogers, CA AF Gilmour, M Jaakkola, MS London, SJ Nel, AE Rogers, CA TI How exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollutants, and increased pollen burdens influences the incidence of asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; cigarette smoke; climate change; diesel exhaust; environment; inflammation; mechanisms; ozone; particulate matter; pollen ID EXHAUST PARTICLE CHEMICALS; LOWER RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; DIESEL EXHAUST; PARENTAL SMOKING; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEALTH AB Asthma is a multifactorial airway disease that arises from a relatively common genetic background interphased with exposures to allergens and airborne irritants. The rapid rise in asthma over the past three decades in Western societies has been attributed to numerous diverse factors, including increased awareness of the disease, altered lifestyle and activity patterns, and ill-defined changes in environmental exposures. It is well accepted that persons with asthma are more sensitive than persons without asthma to air pollutants such as cigarette smoke, traffic emissions, and photochemical smog components. It has also been demonstrated that exposure to a mix of allergens and irritants can at times promote the development phase (induction) of the disease. Experimental evidence suggests that complex organic molecules from diesel exhaust may act as allergic adjuvants through the production of oxidative stress in airway cells. It also seems that climate change is increasing the abundance of aeroallergens Such as pollen, which may result in greater incidence or severity of allergic diseases. In this review we illustrate how environmental tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollution, and climate change may act as environmental risk factors for the development of asthma and provide mechanistic explanations for how some of these effects can occur. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat & Environm Med, Birmingham, AL USA. NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gilmour, M (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov RI Rogers, Christine/A-2189-2008; Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Rogers, Christine/0000-0003-0887-9606; Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 NR 77 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 4 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1289/ehp.8380 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030QX UT WOS:000236650500052 PM 16581557 ER PT J AU Yeatts, K Sly, P Shore, S Weiss, S Martinez, F Geller, A Bromberg, P Enright, P Koren, H Weissman, D Selgrade, M AF Yeatts, K Sly, P Shore, S Weiss, S Martinez, F Geller, A Bromberg, P Enright, P Koren, H Weissman, D Selgrade, M TI A brief targeted review of susceptibility factors, environmental exposures, asthma incidence, and recommendations for future asthma incidence research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE asthma; epidemiology; genetics; hygiene hypothesis; incidence; obesity; occupational asthma; smoking; susceptibility; windows of exposure and age (in utero, childhood, adult, elderly) ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; OF-THE-LITERATURE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ATOPIC DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; HAY-FEVER AB Relative to research on effects of environmental exposures on exacerbation of existing asthma, little research on incident asthma and environmental exposures has been conducted. However, this research is needed to better devise strategies for the prevention of asthma. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences held a conference in October 2004 to collaboratively discuss a future research agenda in this area. The first three articles in this mini-monograph summarize the discussion on potential putative environmental exposure; they include an overview of asthma and conclusions of the workshop participants with respect to public health actions that could currently be applied to the problem and research needs to better understand and control the induction and incidence of asthma, the potential role of indoor/outdoor air pollutants in the induction of asthma), and biologics in the induction of asthma. Susceptibility is a key concept in the U.S. EPA "Asthma Research Strategy" document and is associated with the U.S. EPA framework of protecting vulnerable populations from potentially harmful environmental exposures. Genetics, age, and lifestyle (obesity, diet) are major susceptibility factors in the induction of asthma and can interact with environmental exposures either synergistically or antagonistically. Therefore, in this fourth and last article we consider a number of "susceptibility factors" that potentially influence the asthmatic response to environmental exposures and propose a framework for developing research hypotheses regarding the effects of environmental exposures on asthma incidence and induction. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Western Australia, Div Clin Sci, Inst Child Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Resp Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Yeatts, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Campus Box 7310,CEMALB,HSD Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu RI Sly, Peter/F-1486-2010 OI Sly, Peter/0000-0001-6305-2201 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 33009, HL 56177, HL 66447, HL 67672, P01 HL033009, P01 HL067672, P50 HL067672, R01 HL 62624, R01 HL056177, R01 HL062624, R01 HL066447]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 00002, P30 ES000002] NR 118 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 4 BP 634 EP 640 DI 10.1289/ehp.8381 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030QX UT WOS:000236650500053 PM 16581558 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Meyer, JL Ensign, WE AF Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Meyer, JL Ensign, WE TI Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage; urbanization; sedimentation; hydrologic alteration; riparian buffers; watershed management ID STREAM BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT STRUCTURE; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Forested riparian corridors are thought to minimize impacts of landscape disturbance on stream ecosystems; yet, the effectiveness of streamside forests in mitigating disturbance in urbanizing catchments is unknown. We expected that riparian forests would provide minimal benefits for fish assemblages in streams that are highly impaired by sediment or hydrologic alteration. We tested this hypothesis in 30 small streams along a gradient of urban disturbance (1-65% urban land cover). Species expected to be sensitive to disturbance (i.e., fluvial specialists and "sensitive" species that respond negatively to urbanization) were best predicted by models including percent forest cover in the riparian corridor and a principal components axis describing sediment disturbance. Only sites with coarse bed sediment and low bed mobility (vs. sites with high amounts of fine sediment) had increased richness and abundances of sensitive species with higher percent riparian forests, supporting our hypothesis that response to riparian forests is contingent on the sediment regime. Abundances of Etheostoma scotti, the federally threatened Cherokee darter, were best predicted by models with single variables representing stormflow (r(2) = 0.34) and sediment (r(2) = 0.23) conditions. Lentic-tolerant species richness and abundance responded only to a variable representing prolonged duration of low-flow conditions. For these species, hydrologic alteration overwhelmed any influence of riparian forests on stream biota. These results suggest that, at a minimum, catchment management strategies must simultaneously address hydrologic, sediment, and riparian disturbance in order to protect all aspects of fish assemblage integrity. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017TP UT WOS:000235716500008 PM 16465563 ER PT J AU Wang, MY AF Wang, MY TI Optimal environmental management strategy and implementation for groundwater contamination prevention and restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE groundwater contamination; prevention and restoration; system optimization; environmental management; strategy; implementation; human health and ecological risks; sustainable development ID JOINTED ROCK HYDRAULICS; DESORPTION HYSTERESIS; OPTIMIZATION; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENT; GEOMETRY; TENSOR; SIZE; SOIL; REV AB An innovative management strategy is proposed for optimized and integrated environmental management for regional or national groundwater contamination prevention and restoration allied with consideration of sustainable development. This management strategy accounts for availability of limited resources, human health and ecological risks from groundwater contamination, costs for groundwater protection measures, beneficial uses and values from groundwater protection, and sustainable development. Six different categories of costs are identified with regard to groundwater prevention and restoration. In addition, different environmental impacts from groundwater contamination including human health and ecological risks are individually taken into account. System optimization principles are implemented to accomplish decision-makings on the optimal resources allocations of the available resources or budgets to different existing contaminated sites and projected contamination sites for a maximal risk reduction. Established management constraints such as budget limitations under different categories of costs are satisfied at the optimal solution. A stepwise optimization process is proposed in which the first step is to select optimally a limited number of sites where remediation or prevention measures will be taken, from all the existing contaminated and projected contamination sites, based on a total regionally or nationally available budget in a certain time frame such as 10 years. Then, several optimization steps determined year-by-year optimal distributions of the available yearly budgets for those selected sites. A hypothetical case study is presented to demonstrate a practical implementation of the management strategy. Several issues pertaining to groundwater contamination exposure and risk assessments and remediation cost evaluations are briefly discussed for adequately understanding implementations of the management strategy. C1 US EPA, Ctr Subsurface Modeling Support Shaw Environm, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Subsurface Modeling Support Shaw Environm, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wang.mingyu@epa.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0299-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017TP UT WOS:000235716500010 PM 16465566 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Engle, VD Summers, JK AF Smith, Lisa M. Engle, Virginia D. Summers, J. Kevin TI Assessing water clarity as a component of water quality in Gulf of Mexico estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE EMAP; light attenuation coefficient; percent light transmission; secchi; water clarity ID DEPTH AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP) uses water clarity as a water quality indicator for integrated assessments of coastal waters. After the publication of the first National Coastal Condition Report (USEPA, 2001c), the national water clarity reference value of 10% of ambient surface light at 1 m depth was reevaluated and modified to reflect expected differences in regional reference light conditions. These regional differences range from naturally turbid estuaries like those found in Mississippi and Louisiana to clear water estuaries expected to support extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation in, e. g., Florida and Tampa Bays. For the second National Coastal Condition Report, water clarity was assessed based on regional reference values ( USEPA, 2004). Different regional water clarity reference values and data collection methods necessitated the development of a water clarity index based on light attenuation coefficients (k). This index incorporates regional reference conditions and is interchangeable with secchi depth and percent light transmission calculated from light meter measurements. Evaluation of the water clarity index shows that k values based on transmissivity at 1 m can be estimated from secchi depth measurements and successfully used as a surrogate for transmissivity calculated from light meter data. An approach for assessing water clarity in Gulf of Mexico estuaries using light meter data and secchi depth is presented. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-6555-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062VM UT WOS:000238973500015 PM 16614784 ER PT J AU Hoferkamp, LA Weber, EJ AF Hoferkamp, LA Weber, EJ TI Nitroaromatic reduction kinetics as a function of dominant terminal electron acceptor processes in natural sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COVALENT BINDING; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; IRON(III) OXIDES; IRON SULFIDES; TRANSFORMATION; REACTIVITY AB The reductive transformation of p-cyanonitrobenzene (pCNB) was investigated in laboratory batch slurries exhibiting dominant terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs). Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obs)) were measured for the reduction of pCNB in nitrate-reducing, iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic sediment slurries. Reduction was extremely slow in nitrate-reducing slurries but increased in slurries exhibiting TEAPs with significant concentrations of solution phase Fe(II). As the reduction of pCNB progressed in the Fe(11) rich systems, significant but nonstoichiometric decreases in aqueous Fe(II) concentration were measured. Normalization of k(obs) to initial aqueous Fe(II) concentrations (k(obs)/[Fe(II)](t=0)) gave values ranging from 0.0040 to 0.0052 d(-1) mu M(-1) for nitrate-reducing, iron-reducing, and methanogenic sediment slurries as well as sulfate-reducing sediment slurries in which lactate served as a source of organic carbon. The kobs/ [Fe(II)](t=0) ratios were 1-fold greater for sulfate-reducing batch slurries amended with acetate and iron-reducing slurries equilibrated with a 3% H(2) atmosphere indicating that the electron source and system parameters such as pH play a determinant role in the reaction kinetics. Although these data demonstrate that aqueous phase Fe(II) must be present for significant reduction to occur, a limited role for aqueous phase Fe(II) as a quantitative indicator of reactivity is suggested. C1 Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hoferkamp, LA (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jflh@uas.alaska.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2206 EP 2212 DI 10.1021/es051780k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GC UT WOS:000236691600034 PM 16646454 ER PT J AU Soares, RM Yuan, M Servaites, JC Delgado, A Maglhaes, VF Hilborn, ED Carmichael, WW Azevedol, SMFO AF Soares, RM Yuan, M Servaites, JC Delgado, A Maglhaes, VF Hilborn, ED Carmichael, WW Azevedol, SMFO TI Sublethal exposure from microcystins to renal insufficiency patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcystins; cyanobacteria; serum; renal dialysis ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA; CYANOTOXINS; NODULARINS; WATER; ELISA AB In November 2001, a cyanobacterial bloom dominated by Microcystis and Anabaena occurred in the Funil Reservoir and the Guandu River, both of which supply drinking water to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using ELISA, microcystins were detected at a concentration of 0.4 mu g/L in the drinking water, whereas a concentration of 0.32 mu g/L was detected in activated carbon column-treated water for use at the renal dialysis center of Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital (HUCFF) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 44 hemodialysis patients who received care at this center were believed to be exposed. Initial ELISA analyses confirmed the presence of serum microcystin concentrations >= 0.16 ng/mL in 90% of serum samples collected from these patients. Twelve patients were selected for continued monitoring over the following 2-month period. Serum microcystin concentrations ranged from <0.16 to 0.96 ng/mL during the 57 days after documented exposure. ELISA-positive samples were found throughout the monitoring period, with the highest values detected 1 month after initial exposure. ESI LC/MS analyses indicated microcystins in the serum; however, MS/MS fragmentation patterns typical of microcystins were not identified. LC/MS analyses of MMPB for control serum spiked with MCYST-LR. and patient sera revealed a peak at retention time of 8.4 min and a mass of 207 m/z. These peaks are equivalent to the peak observed in the MMPB standard analysis. Taken together ELISA, LC/MS, and MMPB results indicate that these renal dialysis patients were exposed to microcystins. This documents another incident of human microcystin exposure during hemodialysis treatment. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophys Inst, Lab Ecophysiol & Toxicol Cyanobacteria, CCS,BI G, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Clementino Fraga Filho Univ Hosp, Div Nephrol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Soares, RM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophys Inst, Lab Ecophysiol & Toxicol Cyanobacteria, CCS,BI G, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rmsoares@biof.ufrj.br RI Soares, Raquel /C-9863-2014 NR 15 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1002/tox.20160 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 030RB UT WOS:000236650900001 PM 16528683 ER PT J AU Simon, R Weber, EJ AF Simon, Rupert Weber, Eric J. TI Reduction of perchlorate in river sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; river sediment; environmental fate; biological reduction ID AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; TRANSITION-METALS; TOBACCO PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; WATER; ION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; (PER)CHLORATE; CHLORATE; CHLORIDE AB The transformation of perchlorate was investigated in river sediment during laboratory batch and column studies to determine if reduction of perchlorate is a viable pathway in natural sediment without previous exposure to perchlorate. Perchlorate at an initial concentration of 10 mu M was reduced quantitatively to chloride in 3 d after a lag phase of 2 d in sediment slurries amended with lactate. Raising the initial concentration of perchlorate to 1,000 mu M increased the lag phase to 20 d before reduction occurred. At perchlorate concentrations greater than 1,000 mu M, the reduction of perchlorate was not observed within 40 d. We speculate that the high concentration of perchlorate specifically was problematic to the microbes mediating the reduction of perchlorate. High levels of nitrate inhibited the reduction of perchlorate as well. In sediment slurries amended with 870 mu M sodium nitrate, the reduction of perchlorate at an initial concentration of 100 mu M did not occur before day 15 of the experiment, but complete removal of nitrate had occurred by day four. Sediment column studies further demonstrated the dependence of perchlorate reduction on endogenous nitrate levels. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Weber, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM weber.eric@epa.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.1897/05-090R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 066TQ UT WOS:000239253400001 PM 16629128 ER PT J AU Granberg, ME Forbes, TL AF Granberg, Maria E. Forbes, Thomas L. TI Role of sediment organic matter quality and feeding history in dietary absorption and accumulation of pyrene in the mud snail (Hydrobia ulvae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; deposit feeder; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; phytoplankton ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DEPOSIT-FEEDERS; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; AMPHIURA-FILIFORMIS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; INGESTION RATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINANTS; BIOACCUMULATION; FLUORANTHENE AB Organic matter (OM) input to marine sediments varies seasonally both in quantity and quality. Because sedimentary OM (SOM) constitutes food for many benthic organisms, its properties should affect the dietary uptake of sediment-associated contaminants. We explored the effect of SOM quality/food value on short- and long-term pyrene accumulation in the mud snail (Hydrobia ulvae) and performed dual-tracer pulse-chase experiments to investigate the feeding mechanisms driving dietary pyrene uptake. The quality of the SOM was manipulated by enriching sediments either with high-quality microalgae or low-quality lignin, adding equal amounts of total organic carbon. Long- and short-term bioaccumulation increased with increasing SOM quality, as did pyrene ingestion rate (IR(PYR)) which also was affected by feeding history. By feeding selectively, snails concentrated pyrene 10-fold in ingested compared to ambient sediment, independent of SOM quality. Average pyrene absorption efficiency (AE(pyr): similar to 65%) varied inversely with SOM quality and IR(PYR),. Both AE(pyr), and gut passage time (alpha I/lRpyr) agreed with theoretical models incorporating the time-dependence of absorption efficiency. Thus, SOM quality moderates dietary contaminant uptake in deposit feeders, and in H. ulvae, this occurs via OM-induced alterations of ingestion rate. Consequently, enhanced sediment-associated contaminant uptake is predicted for deposit feeders following phytoplankton blooms, principally because of OM quality-driven increases in the ingestion rate. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, Kristineberg Marine Res, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. US EPA, Environm Anal Div, Analyt Support Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Granberg, ME (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, Kristineberg Marine Res, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. EM m.granberg@kmf.gu.se NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1006 DI 10.1897/05-140R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 066TQ UT WOS:000239253400011 PM 16629138 ER PT J AU Rubio, G Childers, DL AF Rubio, G Childers, DL TI Controls on herbaceous litter decomposition in the estuarine ecotones of the Florida everglades SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; LEAF-LITTER; SALT-MARSH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; WETLANDS; SOIL; IMMOBILIZATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB The effects of nutrient availability and litter quality on litter decomposition were measured in two oligotrophic phosphorus (P)-limited Florida Everglades estuaries, United States. The two estuaries differ in that one (Shark River estuary) is directly connected to the Gulf of Mexico and receives marine P, while the other (Taylor Slough estuary) does not receive marine P because Florida Bay separates it from the Gulf of Mexico. Decomposition of three macrophytes, Cladium jamincense, Eleocharis spp., and Juncus roemerianus, was studied using a litter bag technique over 18 mo. Litter was exposed to three treatments: soil surface + macroinvertebrates (= macro), soil surface without macroinvertebrates (= wet), and above the soil and water (= aerial). The third treatment replicated the decomposition of standing dead leaves. Decomposition rates showed that litter exposed to the wet and macro treatments decomposed significantly faster than the aerial treatment, where atmospheric deposition was the only source of nutrients. Macroinvertebrates had no influence on litter decomposition rates. C. jamaicense decomposed faster at sites with higher P, and Eleocharis spp. decomposed significantly faster at sites with higher nitrogen (N). Initial tissue C : N and C : P molar ratios revealed that the nutrient quality of litter of both Eleocharis spp. and J. roemerianus was higher than C. jamaicense, but only Eleocharis spp. decomposed faster than C jamaicense. C. jamaicense litter tended to immobilize P, while Eleocharis spp. titter showed net remineralization of N and P. A comparison with other estuarine and wetland systems revealed the dependence of litter decomposition on nutrient availability and litter quality. The results from this experiment suggest that Everglades restoration may have an important effect on key ecosystem processes in the estuarine ecotone of this landscape. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Rubio, G (reprint author), US EPA, 1301 Constitut Ave,NW 4504-T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rubio.gustavo@epa.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1007/BF02781994 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054AE UT WOS:000238346900008 ER PT J AU Keinanen-Toivola, MM Revetta, RP Santo Domingo, JW AF Keinanen-Toivola, MM Revetta, RP Santo Domingo, JW TI Identification of active bacterial communities in a model drinking water biofilm system using 16S rRNA-based clone libraries SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA gene; RT-PCR; drinking water; biofilm ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MYCOBACTERIA; DIVERSITY; SUCCESSION; SIMULATOR; GROWTH AB Recent phylogenetic studies have used DNA as the target molecule for the development of environmental 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. As DNA may persist in the environment, DNA-based libraries cannot be used to identify metabolically active bacteria in water systems. In this study, an annular reactor was used to generate model drinking water biofilms grown on polycarbonate slides. High-quality RNA was extracted from 2-month-old biofilms and used to generate 16S rRNA-based clones. Sequencing analyses of 16S rRNA-based clones suggested that the active bacterial fraction consisted of a few dominant bacterial groups related to Nevskia ramosa and to uncultured bacteria. Several of these bacterial groups were closely related to clones characterized in a DNA-based clone library also generated in this study. Altogether, these results suggest that some of the predominant drinking water bacteria identified using DNA-based techniques are indeed active. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Environm Hlth, Kuopio, Finland. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, MCCB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 30 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 257 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00167.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 024DP UT WOS:000236175500003 PM 16553851 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Leblond, JED Moncreiff, CA AF Rogers, JE Leblond, JED Moncreiff, CA TI Phylogenetic relationship of Alexandrium mondatum (Dinophyceae) to other Alexandrium species based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium monilatum; phylogeny; 18S rDNA ID DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-MONILATA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; FRAGMENT; STRAINS; EXTRACT; RECORD; MICE; DNA AB The phylogenetic relationship of Alexatidrizan monilatum to other Alexandrium spp. was explored using 18S rDNA sequences. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the combined rDNA sequences established that A. monilatum paired with Alexandrium taylori and that the pair was the first of the Alexandrium taxa to diverge, followed by Alexandrium margalefii. All three are members of the Alexandrium subgenus Gessnerium Halim nov. comb. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM rogers.johne@epa.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2005.08.005 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 029ZV UT WOS:000236603800005 ER PT J AU Jackson, LE Hilborn, ED Thomas, JC AF Jackson, LE Hilborn, ED Thomas, JC TI Towards landscape design guidelines for reducing Lyme disease risk SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; ecology; ecological design; GIS; Ixodes scapularis; landscape design; landscape ecology; Maryland ID IMMATURE IXODES-DAMMINI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY; NEW-JERSEY; NEW-YORK; LAND-USE; ECOLOGY AB Background Incidence of Lyme disease in the US continues to grow. Low-density development is also increasing in endemic regions, raising questions about the relationship between development pattern and disease. This study sought to model Lyme disease incidence rate using quantitative, practical metrics of regional landscape pattern. The objective was to progress towards the development of design guidelines that may help minimize known threats to human and environmental health. Methods Ecological analysis was used to accommodate the integral landscape variables under study. Case data derived from passive surveillance reports across 12 counties in the US state of Maryland during 1996-2000; 2137 cases were spatially referenced to residential addresses. Major roads were used to delineate 514 landscape analysis units from 0.002 to 580 km(2). Results The parameter that explained the most variation in incidence rate was the percentage of land-cover edge represented by the adjacency of forest and herbaceous cover [R-2 = 0.75; rate ratio = 1.34 (1.26-1.43); P < 0.0001]. Also highly significant was the percentage of the landscape in forest cover (cumulative R-2 = 0.82), which exhibited a quadratic relationship with incidence rate. Modelled relationships applied throughout the range of landscape sizes. Conclusions Results begin to provide quantitative landscape design parameters for reducing casual peridomestic contact with tick and host habitat. The final model suggests that clustered forest and herbaceous cover, as opposed to high forest-herbaceous interspersion, would minimize Lyme disease risk in low-density residential areas. Higher-density development that precludes a large percentage of forest-herbaceous edge would also limit exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Jackson, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jackson.laura@epa.gov NR 82 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 52 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi284 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033AI UT WOS:000236817900025 PM 16394113 ER PT J AU Lyons, T Ickes, JA Magar, VS Albro, CS Cumming, L Bachman, B Fredette, T Myers, T Keegan, M Marcy, K Guza, O AF Lyons, T Ickes, JA Magar, VS Albro, CS Cumming, L Bachman, B Fredette, T Myers, T Keegan, M Marcy, K Guza, O TI Evaluation of contaminant resuspension potential during cap placement at two dissimilar sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE soil pollution; sediment; contamination; remedial action; Massachusetts; harbors AB Capping is a common remediation technology for the containment/stabilization of contaminated sediments. During capping activities, clean material is commonly released from a barge at the water Surface and falls through the water column to the sediment surface, providing an uncontaminated Surface sediment layer. Little information exists on the potential release of in situ contaminated sediments during and after capping operations. This paper focuses on the measured release of contaminants during capping events at Boston Harbor, Mass. (confined aquatic disposal cells for contaminated sediment) and Eagle Harbor, Wash. (creosote-contaminated sediment from a wood treating facility). The water column was sampled during capping events to evaluate whether cap placement resulted in the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)- or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated sediments at Boston Harbor, or PAH-contaminated sediments at Eagle Harbor. Though results at both sites indicated some contaminant resuspension during capping operations, in general contaminant resuspension was relatively low for all capping events. PCB and PAH concentrations for most samples were in the low ng/L range. The most significant releases occurred when previously Uncapped sediments were initially capped, and the magnitude of contaminant resuspension decreased with successive capping layers. These results may have important implications regarding sediment cap installation techniques and their potential impacts on water quality. Resuspension during capping may be minimized by placing cap material in lifts, where the first lift provides a uniform layer of clean material using techniques that minimize sediment disturbance and Subsequent lifts are placed more aggressively once contaminated sediment is covered. C1 ENVIRON Int Corp, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Surface Water Qual Bur Team, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Battelle Ocean Sci Lab, Duxbury, MA 02332 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Environm Restorat Dept, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD,EP,E, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Magar, VS (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, 123 N Wacker Dr,Suite 205, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. EM vmagar@environcorp.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:4(505) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024BQ UT WOS:000236170300011 ER PT J AU Zou, R Carter, S Shoemaker, L Parker, A Henry, T AF Zou, R Carter, S Shoemaker, L Parker, A Henry, T TI Integrated hydrodynamic and water quality modeling system to support nutrient total maximum daily load development for Wissahickon Creek, Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; water quality; numerical models; nutrient loads; dissolved oxygen; Pennsylvania; streams AB This paper presents a hydrodynamic and water quality modeling system for Wissahickon Creek, Pa. Past data show that high nutrient levels in Wissahickon Creek were linked to large diurnal fluctuations in oxygen concentration, which combining with the deoxygenation effect of carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD) causes violations of dissolved oxygen (DO) standards. To obtain quantitative knowledge about the cause of the DO impairment, an integrated modeling system was developed based on a linked environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) and water quality Simulation program for eutrophication (WASP/EUTRO5) modeling framework. The EFDC was used to Simulate hydrodynamic and temperature ill the stream, and the resulting flow information were incorporated into the WASP/EUTRO5 to simulate the fate and transport of nutrients, CBOD, algae, and DO. The standard WASP/EUTRO5 model was enhanced to include a periphyton dynamics module and a diurnal DO simulation module to better represent the prototype. The integrated modeling framework was applied to Simulate the creek for a low flow period when monitoring data are available, and the results indicate that the model is a reasonable numerical representation of the prototype. C1 Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US EPA, Water Protect Div, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Zou, R (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, 10306 Eaton Pl, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rui.zou@tetratech-ffx.com NR 15 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 51 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:4(555) PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024BQ UT WOS:000236170300016 ER PT J AU Qian, L Hong, JS Block, M Wilson, B Flood, P AF Qian, Li Hong, Jau-Shyong Block, Michelle Wilson, Belinda Flood, Patrick TI IL-10 protects dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity in rat primary midbrain cultures SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100039 ER PT J AU Thompson, BD Jin, YZ Birnbaumer, L Kochevar, IE Wu, MX AF Thompson, Brian D. Jin, Yongzhu Birnbaumer, Lutz Kochevar, Irene E. Wu, Mei X. TI Antagonism between G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in CXCR3-mediated signaling SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S25 EP S26 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100118 ER PT J AU Li, GQ Xia, HHX Chen, MH Gu, Q De Wang, J Peng, JZ Chan, AOO Cho, CH So, HL Lam, SK Hu, PJ Liang, YJ Lin, HL Berg, DE Feng, ZH Langenbach, R Wong, BCY AF Li, GQ Xia, HHX Chen, MH Gu, Q De Wang, J Peng, JZ Chan, AOO Cho, CH So, HL Lam, SK Hu, PJ Liang, YJ Lin, HL Berg, DE Feng, ZH Langenbach, R Wong, BCY TI Effects of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 gene disruption on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Digestive Disease Week/105th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association CY MAY 16-20, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INHIBITOR SC-236; NATURAL-HISTORY; CANCER CELLS; INFECTION AB Background. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) play important roles in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of COX-1 and COX-2 gene disruption on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Methods. Wild-type (WT), COX-1 and COX-2 heterozygous ( COX-1(+/-) and COX- 2(+/-)), and homozygous COX- deficient (COX-1(-/-) and COX-2(-/-)) mice were inoculated with H. pylori strain TN2 and killed after 24 weeks of infection. Uninfected WT and COX- deficient mice were used as controls. Levels of gastric mucosal inflammation, epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and cytokine expression were determined. Results. COX deficiency facilitated H. pylori-induced gastritis. In the presence of H. pylori infection, apoptosis was increased in both WT and COX- deficient mice, whereas cell proliferation was increased in WT and COX- 1 deficient, but not in COX-2-deficient, mice. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin-10 mRNA expression was elevated in H. pylori-infected mice, but only TNF-alpha mRNA expression was further increased by COX deficiency. Prostaglandin E-2 levels were increased in infected WT and COX-2-deficient mice but were at very low levels in infected COX-1-deficient mice. Leukotriene (LT) B-4 and LTC4 levels were increased to a similar extent in infected WT and COX- deficient mice. Conclusions. COX deficiency enhances H. pylori-induced gastritis, probably via TNF-alpha expression. COX- 2, but not COX-1, deficiency suppresses H. pylori-induced cell proliferation. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pharmacol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Med, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Pathol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Nanhua Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Med, Hengyang, Peoples R China. Washington Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Therapeut, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wong, BCY (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM bcywong@hku.hk RI Wong, Benjamin/C-4436-2009; Cho, Chi Hin/C-6543-2014 OI Cho, Chi Hin/0000-0002-7658-3260 NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1046 DI 10.1086/500984 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 018PJ UT WOS:000235777000018 PM 16518767 ER PT J AU Boyce, PD Kim, JY Weissman, DN Hunt, J Christiani, DC AF Boyce, PD Kim, JY Weissman, DN Hunt, J Christiani, DC TI pH increase observed in exhaled breath condensate from welding fume exposure SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB Objectives: We sought to investigate changes in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH in healthly workers exposed to welding fumes. Methods: Fourteen exposed participants (median age 39 years, 5 smokers) and 8 nonexposed controls (median age 44 Years, 1 smoker) were monitored at an apprentice welding school. Exposure to fine particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) was assessed using cyclone samplers. EBC samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the work-shift. EBC samples were deaerated using argon and pH values were measured using standard pH microelectrodes. Results: Mean +/- SEM PM2.5 levels were 1.17 +/- 0.18 mg/m(3) for exposed subjects and 0.03 +/- 0.01 mg/m(3) for controls. Baseline median (range) EBC pH values for the control and exposed group were similar (P = 0.86), 7.21 (4.91 to 8.26), and 7.39(4,85 to 7.79), respectively. The exposed subjects had a small-but-marginally significant (P = 0.07) pre- to post-work shift increase in pH of 0.28, whereas the control group showed a minimal increase of only 0.03 (P = 0.56). Compared with the control group, the exposed group had a median cross-shift pH increase of 0.25 (P = 0.49). Conclusions: The aerosolized fine particulate matter contained in metal fumes may be associated with an acute increase in EBC pH values. Further study is necessary to investigate the acute rise in EBC pH after acute exposure to welding fume. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Pulm & Crit Care Unit,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Virginia, Div Pediat Resp Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Boyce, PD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM paulboyce@post.harvard.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94715]; NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07874]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09860, T32 ES07069] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000205988.50907.d8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033GZ UT WOS:000236836400002 PM 16607188 ER PT J AU Duan, Y Zheng, CY Wang, ZP Wu, BX Wang, CY Zhang, H Qian, YR Zheng, GD AF Duan, Y Zheng, CY Wang, ZP Wu, BX Wang, CY Zhang, H Qian, YR Zheng, GD TI Biomarker geochemistry of crude oils from the Qaidam Basin, NW China SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Qaidam Basin; crude oils; source rocks; biomarkers; carbon isotopes; maturation; origin ID SOURCE ROCKS; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; NORTHWEST CHINA; DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; LIGHT-HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; RUOERGAI MARSH; FATTY-ACIDS; ORIGIN; MATURATION AB A suite of 16 crude oil samples from 13 oilfields in the Qaidam Basin were analyzed using techniques including gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Biomarker compositions and parameters were used to investigate the polaeoenvironmental and depositional conditions and to correlate the oils with eachother. Oils from the western Qaidam Basin have pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios of less than 0.7, and contain abundant gammacerane, C-27 steranes, 4-methyl steranes and long-chain tricyclic terpanes. C-29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) and beta beta/(beta beta+alpha alpha) ratios show that the western Qaidam oils have variable maturities ranging from immature to mature. Oils from the northern Qaidam Basin, by contrast; have Pr/Ph ratios greater than 3, low gammacerane contents, and relatively abundant C-29 steranes, bicyclic terpanes and alkylcyclohexanes. C-29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) and beta beta/(beta beta+alpha alpha) ratios indicate that the northern Qaidam oils are mature. delta C-13 values, which range from -25.4 parts per thousand to -28.3 parts per thousand. with the exception of one oil from the north (-31.6 parts per thousand), are similar for oils from both the northern and western parts of the Qaidam Basin. The oils' carbon isotope compositions are similar to those of the organic matter in potential source rocks. The western Qaidam oils are inferred to have originated from Tertiary source rocks deposited under anoxic and saline-hypersaline lacustrine conditions with dominant algal organic matter. The northern Qaidam oils are interpreted to be derived from Jurassic source rocks which were deposited in a freshwater lacustrine environment and which are dominated by terrigenous organic matter. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Geol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch BEAD, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, WM Keck Geoenvironm Lab Ctr Environm Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Duan, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Geol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, Peoples R China. EM duany@ns.lzb.ac.cn NR 45 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-6421 J9 J PETROL GEOL JI J. Pet. Geol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1747-5457.2006.00175.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 042ZF UT WOS:000237568400005 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Grover, BD Long, RW Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ AF Wilson, WE Grover, BD Long, RW Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ TI The measurement of fine-particulate semivolatile material in urban aerosols SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, US EPA ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PM2.5 MASS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; PC-BOSS; SYSTEM; MATTER; BAKERSFIELD; PITTSBURGH; CALIFORNIA AB Ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic material (SVOM) are significant components of fine particles in urban atmospheres. These components, however, are not properly determined with methods such as the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) Federal Reference Method (FRM) or other single filter samplers because of significant losses of semivolatile material (SVM) from particles collected on the filter during sampling. The R&P tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor also does not measure SVM, because this method heats the sample to remove particle bound water, which also results in evaporation of SVM. Recent advances in monitoring techniques have resulted in samplers for both integrated and continuous measurement of total PM2.5 including the particle concentrator-Brigham Young University organic sampling system (PC-BOSS), the real-time total ambient mass sampler (RAMS), and the R&P filter dynamics measurement system (FDMS) TEOM monitor. Results obtained using these samplers have been compared with those obtained with either a PM2.5 FRM sampler or a TEOM monitor in studies conducted during the past five years. These studies have shown the following: (1) the PC-BOSS, RAMS, and FDMS TEOM are all comparable. Each instrument measures both the nonvolatile material and the SVM. (2) The SVM is not retained on the heated filter of a regular TEOM monitor and is not measured by this sampling technique. (3) Much of the SVM is also lost during sampling from single filter samplers such as the PM2.5 FRM sampler. (4) The amount of SVM lost from single filter samplers can vary from less than one-third of that lost from heated TEOM filters during cold winter conditions to essentially all during warm summer conditions. (5) SVOM can only be reliably collected using an appropriate denuder sampler. (6) A PM2.5 speciation sampler can be easily modified to a denuder sampler with filters that can be analyzed for semivolatile organic carbon (OC), nonvolatile OC, and elemental carbon using existing OC/elemental carbon analytical techniques. The research upon which these statements are based for various urban studies are summarized in this paper. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 384 EP 397 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 033ZZ UT WOS:000236894900003 PM 16681204 ER PT J AU Frank, NH AF Frank, NH TI Retained nitrate, hydrated sulfates, and carbonaceous mass in Federal Reference Method fine particulate matter for six eastern US cities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA ID ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEMENTAL CARBON; FILTER SAMPLES; PM2.5; REFLECTANCE; IMPROVE; WATER; TRANSMITTANCE; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA AB Material balance of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) measured with the Federal Reference Method (FRM) is developed for one rural and five urban locations in the eastern half of the United States using routine Speciation Trends Network (STN) and FRM chemical measurements and thermodynamic models. The Aerosol Inorganics Model is used to estimate retained particle bound water, and an ammonium nitrate evaporation model is used to estimate nitrate concentrations retained on the Teflon-membrane filter of the FRM. To address large uncertainties in carbonaceous mass calculated from STN carbon measurements, retained carbonaceous mass is derived by material balance between PM,., FRM mass and estimates of its non-carbon constituents. The resulting sulfate, adjusted nitrate, derived water, inferred carbonaceous material balance approach (SANDWICH) is compared with reconstructed fine mass (RCFM) using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments monitoring program equation. For this study, the SANDWICH method resulted in similar to 21-27% higher sulfate mass and similar to 24-85% lower nitrate mass. The combined mass associated with sulfates and nitrates, however, are well within +/- 10% of the proportion derived using the more traditional RCFM method. The discrepancies between SANDWICH and measurement-derived carbonaceous mass vary from -21% to +56% on an annual basis and are attributed in part to urban-rural source influences and uncertainties in estimating FRM-retained carbonaceous mass. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Frank, NH (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM frank.neil@epa.gov NR 45 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 500 EP 511 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 033ZZ UT WOS:000236894900013 PM 16681214 ER PT J AU Arabi, M Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM Engel, BA AF Arabi, M Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM Engel, BA TI Role of watershed subdivision on modeling the effectiveness of best management practices with SWAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE SWAT; modeling; nonpoint source pollution; sediment; nutrients; best management practices (BMPs); watershed subdivision; sensitivity analysis ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; RIVER-BASIN; SEDIMENT; IMPACTS; RUNOFF; POINT AB Distributed parameter watershed models are often used for evaluating the effectiveness of various best management practices (BMPs). Streamflow, sediment, and nutrient yield predictions of a watershed model can be affected by spatial resolution as dictated by watershed subdivision. The objectives of this paper are to show that evaluation of BMPs using a model is strongly linked to the level of watershed subdivision; to suggest a methodology for identifying an appropriate subdivision level; and to examine the efficacy of different BMPs at field and watershed scales. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, sediment, and nutrient yields at the outlet of the Dreisbach (623 ha) and Smith Fry (730 ha) watersheds in Maumee River Basin, Indiana. Grassed waterways, grade stabilization structures, field borders, and parallel terraces are the BMPs that were installed in the study area in the 1970s. Sediment and nutrient outputs from the calibrated model were compared at various watershed subdivision levels, both with and without implementation of these BMPs. Results for the study watersheds indicated that evaluation of the impacts of these BMPs on sediment and nutrient yields was very sensitive to the level of subdivision that was implemented in SWAT. An optimal watershed subdivision level for representation of the BMPs was identified through numerical simulations. For the study watersheds, it would appear that the average subwatershed area corresponding to approximately 4 percent of total watershed area is needed to represent the influence of these BMPs when using the SWAT model. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Arabi, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marabi@purdue.edu OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 36 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 513 EP 528 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03854.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 035WG UT WOS:000237031800017 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB AF Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB TI A combined analysis of North American case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID INDOOR RADON; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; GAS EXPOSURE; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; NONSMOKING WOMEN; RN-222 EXPOSURE; RISK; PO-210; GLASS; CANADA AB Cohort studies have consistently shown underground miners exposed to high levels of radon to be at excess risk of lung cancer, and extrapolations based on those results indicate that residential radon may be responsible for nearly 10-75% of all lung cancer deaths per year in the United States. However, case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer have provided ambiguous evidence of radon lung cancer risks. Regardless, alpha-particle emissions from the short-lived radioactive radon decay products can damage cellular DNA. The possibility that a demonstrated lung carcinogen may be present in large numbers of homes raises a serious public health concern. Thus, a systematic analysis of pooled data from all North American residential radon studies was undertaken to provide a more direct characterization of the public health risk posed by prolonged radon exposure. To evaluate the risk associated with prolonged residential radon exposure, a combined analysis of the primary data from seven large scale case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer risk was conducted. The combined data set included a total of 4081 cases and 5281 controls, representing the largest aggregation of data on residential radon and lung cancer conducted to date. Residential radon concentrations were determined primarily by a-track detectors placed in the living areas of homes of the study subjects in order to obtain an integrated 1-yr average radon concentration in indoor air. Conditional likelihood regression was used to estimate the excess risk of lung cancer due to residential radon exposure, with adjustment for attained age, sex, study, smoking factors, residential mobility, and completeness of radon measurements. Although the main analyses were based on the combined data set as a whole, we also considered subsets of the data considered to have more accurate radon dosimetry. This included a subset of the data involving 3662 cases and 4966 controls with a-track radon measurements within the exposure time window (ETW) 5-30 yr prior to the index date considered previously by Krewski et al. (2005). Additional restrictions focused on subjects for which a greater proportion of the ETW was covered by measured rather than imputed radon concentrations, and on subjects who occupied at most two residences. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer generally increased with radon concentration. The OR trend was consistent with linearity (p =.10), and the excess OR (EOR) was 0.10 per Bq/m(3) with 95% confidence limits (-0.01, 0.26). For the subset of the data considered previously by Krewski et al. (2005), the EOR was 0.11 (0.00, 0.28). Further limiting subjects based on our criteria (residential stability and completeness of radon monitoring) expected to improve radon dosimetry led to increased estimates of the EOR. For example, for subjects who had resided in only one or two houses in the 5-30 ETW and who had alpha-track radon measurements for at least 20 yr of this 25-yr period, the EOR was 0.18 (0.02, 0.43) per 100 Bq/m(3). Both estimates are compatible with the EOR of 0.12 (0.02, 0.25) per 100 Bq/m(3) predicted by downward extrapolation of the miner data. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence of an association between residential radon and lung cancer risk, a finding predicted by extrapolation of results from occupational studies of radon-exposed underground miners. C1 Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Univ Manitoba, Fac Med, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Hlth Protect Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, 1 Stewart St,Room 320, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM dkrewski@uottawa.ca OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA85942]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05605, R01 ES05653] NR 84 TC 146 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7-8 BP 533 EP 597 DI 10.1080/15287390500260945 PG 65 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030AI UT WOS:000236605100003 PM 16608828 ER PT J AU Field, RW Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB AF Field, RW Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JL Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB TI An overview of the North American residential radon and lung cancer case-control studies SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID WOMEN UNITED-STATES; TERM EX-SMOKERS; NONSMOKING WOMEN; GAS EXPOSURE; INDOOR RADON; LIFETIME NONSMOKERS; PAST EXPOSURE; JERSEY WOMEN; RED MEAT; RISK AB Lung cancer has held the distinction as the most common cancer type worldwide since 1985 (Parkin et al., 1993). Recent estimates suggest that lung cancer accounted for 1.2 million deaths worldwide in 2002, which represents 17.6% of the global cancer deaths (Parkin et al., 2005). During 2002, the highest lung cancer rates for men worldwide reportedly occurred in North America and Eastern Europe, whereas the highest rates in females occurred in North America and Northern Europe (Parkin et al., 2005). While tobacco smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer, because of the magnitude of lung cancer mortality, even secondary causes of lung cancer present a major public health concern (Field, 2001). Extrapolations from epidemiologic studies of radon-exposed miners project that approximately 18,600 lung cancer deaths per year (range 3000 to 41,000) in the United States alone are attributable to residential radon progeny exposure (National Research Council, 1999). Because of differences between the mines and the home environment, as well as differences (such as breathing rates) between miners and the general public, there was a need to directly evaluate effects of radon in homes. Seven major residential case-control radon studies have been conducted in North America to directly examine the association between prolonged radon progeny (radon) exposure and lung cancer. Six of the studies were performed in the United States including studies in New Jersey, Missouri (two studies), Iowa, and the combined states study (Connecticut, Utah, and southern Idaho). The seventh study was performed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The residential case-control studies performed in the United States were previously reviewed elsewhere (Field, 2001). The goal of this review is to provide additional details regarding the methodologies and findings for the individual studies. Radon concentration units presented in this review adhere to the types (pCi/L or Bq/ m(3)) presented in the individual studies. One picocurie per liter is equivalent to 37 Bq/m(3). Because the Iowa study calculated actual measures of exposure (concentration x time), its exposures estimates are presented in the form WLM5-19 (Field et al., 2000a). WLM5-19 represents the working level months for exposures that occurred 5-79 yr prior to diagnosis for cases or time of interview for control. Eleven WLM5-19 is approximately equivalent to an average residential radon exposure of 4 pCi/L for 75 yr, assuming a 70% home occupancy. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Univ Manitoba, Fac Med, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Hlth Protect Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 104 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM bill-field@uiowa.edu OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA85942]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES05653, P30 ES05605] NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7-8 BP 599 EP 631 DI 10.1080/15287390500260960 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030AI UT WOS:000236605100004 PM 16608829 ER PT J AU Roelke, ME Pecon-Slattery, J Taylor, S Citino, S Brown, E Packer, C VandeWoude, S O'Brien, SJ AF Roelke, M. E. Pecon-Slattery, J. Taylor, S. Citino, S. Brown, E. Packer, C. VandeWoude, S. O'Brien, S. J. TI T-lymphocyte profiles in FIV-infected wild lions and pumas reveal CD4 depletion SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CD4 T-cells; Felidae; FIV; flow cytometry; immune depletion; lion; lymphocytes; puma ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; DOMESTIC CATS; AFRICAN LIONS; PANTHERA-LEO; LENTIVIRUS INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CELLS; POPULATION; DIVERGENCE AB Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes feline AIDS in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Serological surveys indicate that at least 25 other species of cat possess antibodies that cross-react with domestic cat FIV. Most infected nondomestic cat species are without major symptoms of disease. Long-term studies of FIV genome variation and pathogenesis reveal patterns consistent with coadaptation of virus and host in free-ranging FIV-Ple-infected African lions (Panthera leo) and FIV-Pco-infected pumas (Puma concolor) populations. This report examined correlates of immunodeficiency in wild and captive lions and pumas by quantifying CD5+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Free-ranging FIV-Ple-infected lions had immunofluorescence flow cytometry (IFC) profiles marked b a dramatic decline in CD4+ subsets, a reduction of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, reduction of CD8+beta(high) cells, and expansion of the CD8+beta(low) subset relative to uninfected lions. An overall significant depletion in CD5+ T-cells in seropositive lions was linked with a compensatory increase in total CD5- lymphocytes. The IFC profiles were altered significantly in 50% of the seropositive individuals examined. The FIV-Pco-infected pumas had a more generalized response of lymphopenia expressed as a significant decline in total lymphocytes, CD5+ T-cells, and CD5-lymphocytes as well as a significant reduction in CD4+ T-cells. Like lions, seropositive pumas had a significant decline in CD8+beta(high) cells but differed by not having compensatory expansion of CD8+beta(low) cells relative to controls. Results from FIV-infected lions and pumas parallel human and Asian monkey CD4+ diminution in HIV and SIV infection, respectively, and suggest there may be unrecognized immunological consequences of FIV infection in these two species of large cats. C1 NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Basic Res Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL 32097 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pecon-Slattery, J (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Basic Res Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM slattery@mail.ncifcrf.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 44 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 234 EP 248 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 071EC UT WOS:000239580000003 PM 16870846 ER PT J AU Shianna, KV Marchuk, DA Strand, MK AF Shianna, KV Marchuk, DA Strand, MK TI Genomic characterization of POS5, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial NADH kinase SO MITOCHONDRION LA English DT Article DE Pos5; NAD kinase; NADH kinase; Friedreich's ataxia; oxidative stress; mitochondria; iron-sulfur cluster assembly ID REDUCTASE HOMOLOG ARH1P; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; FRIEDREICH ATAXIA; YEAST; MOUSE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; ENZYMES; STRESS; CELLS AB Disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial NADH kinase POS5 increases the mitochondrial mutation rate 50-fold. Whereas most multicellular eukaryotic genomes have one NADH kinase gene, the yeast genome contains three distinct genes encoding NAD/H kinase activity. To determine if all three genes are essential for viability we constructed combinations of gene knockouts. We show that only the pos5 Delta utrl Delta combination is synthetically lethal, demonstrating an essential overlapping function, and showing that NAD/H kinase activity is essential for eukaryotic viability. The single human NAD/H kinase gene can rescue the lethality of the double knockout in yeast, demonstrating that the single human gene can fill the various functions provided by the three yeast genes. The human NAD/H kinase gene harbors very common sequence variants, but all of these equally complement the synthetic lethality in yeast, illustrating that each of these are functionally wild-type. To understand the molecular mechanism of the mitochondrial genome instability of pos5 mutation we performed gene expression analysis on the pos5 Delta. The pos5 Delta resulted in an increase in expression of most of the iron transport genes including key genes involved in iron-sulfur cluster assembly. Decreased expression occurred in many genes involved in the electron transport chain. We show that the pos5 Delta expression pattern is similar to the frataxin homolog knockout (yfh1 Delta), the yeast model for Friedreich's ataxia. These combined data show that the POS5 NAD/H kinase is an important protein required for a variety of essential cellular pathways and that deficient iron-sulfur cluster assembly may play a critical role in the mitochondrial mutator phenotype observed in the pos5 Delta. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Strand, MK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233,MD E3-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM strand@niehs.nih.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-7249 J9 MITOCHONDRION JI Mitochondrion PD APR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.mito.2006.02.003 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 058JC UT WOS:000238660300006 PM 16621727 ER PT J AU Truglio, JJ Karakas, E Rhau, B Wang, H DellaVecchia, MJ Van Houten, B Kisker, C AF Truglio, JJ Karakas, E Rhau, B Wang, H DellaVecchia, MJ Van Houten, B Kisker, C TI Structural basis for DNA recognition and processing by UvrB SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; (A)BC EXCINUCLEASE; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; PREINCISION COMPLEX; PROTEIN COMPLEX; POLYMERASE-I; ACTIVE-SITE AB DNA-damage recognition in the nucleotide excision repair ( NER) cascade is a complex process, operating on a wide variety of damages. UvrB is the central component in prokaryotic NER, directly involved in DNA-damage recognition and guiding the DNA through repair synthesis. We report the first structure of a UvrB-double-stranded DNA complex, providing insights into the mechanism by which UvrB binds DNA, leading to formation of the preincision complex. One DNA strand, containing a 3' overhang, threads behind a beta-hairpin motif of UvrB, indicating that this motif inserts between the strands of the double helix, thereby locking down either the damaged or undamaged strand. The nucleotide directly behind the beta-hairpin is flipped out and inserted into a small, highly conserved pocket in UvrB. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Struct Biol, Rudolf Virchow Ctr Expt Biomed, D-97078 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Kisker, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM caroline.kisker@virchow.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Wang, Hong/F-3164-2014 OI Wang, Hong/0000-0003-0165-3559 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 070873] NR 39 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1038/nsmb1072 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 029RF UT WOS:000236581400018 PM 16532007 ER PT J AU Lie, RT Wilcox, AJ Skjaerven, R AF Lie, Rolv T. Wilcox, Allen J. Skjaerven, Rolv TI Maternal and paternal influences on length of pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; HUMAN PARTURITION; PRETERM; FETAL; GENERATIONS; MYOMETRIUM; GROWTH; LABOR AB OBJECTIVE: Biological evidence suggests that both mother and fetus are involved in triggering a normal delivery. A tendency of a child to have a gestational age at birth similar to the father's could represent the effect of genes passed from the father to the fetus. Similar tendencies between mother and child could represent maternal genes passed to the fetus, as well as genes to the mother received from the grandmother that affect a woman's capacity to carry a pregnancy. METHODS: The Medical Birth Registry of Norway contains data on all births in Norway from 1967 onward. We identified 77,452 pairs of boys and girls born at term who later became parents and linked their birth data to the birth records for their first child. RESULTS: Gestational age of the child at birth increased on average 0.58 days for each additional week in the father's gestational age (95% confidence interval 0.48-0.67) and 1.22 days for each additional week in the mother's gestational age (1.21-1.32). Gestational age was, however, 0.65 days reduced for each additional kilogram in the father's birth weight, presumably due to more rapid growth of the fetus triggering delivery. CONCLUSION: Initiation of delivery has a fetal component that is heritable (passed from father and mother to child) and an additional maternal component that is also heritable. In addition, a more rapid rate of fetal growth appears to trigger delivery at earlier gestation. C1 Univ Bergen, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, N-5018 Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Locus Registry Based Epidemiol, Med Birth Registry Norway, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Lie, RT (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Kalfarveien 31, N-5018 Bergen, Norway. EM rolv.lie@smis.uib.no OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 107 IS 4 BP 880 EP 885 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000206797.52832.36 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GM UT WOS:000241296200021 PM 16582127 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Claxton, LD AF DeMarini, DM Claxton, LD TI Outdoor air pollution and DNA damage SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LUNG-CANCER; GENOTOXICITY C1 US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM david@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.1136/oem.2005.025817 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 024VL UT WOS:000236224300001 PM 16556739 ER PT J AU Simon, T Manning, R AF Simon, T Manning, R TI Development of a reference dose for the persistent congeners of weathered toxaphene based on in vivo and in vitro effects related to tumor promotion SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxaphene; weathering; organochlorine; pesticide; tumor promotion; reference dose ID JUNCTIONAL-INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; MACACA-FASCICULARIS MONKEYS; CIRCUMPOLAR INUIT 1969-1988; RAT-LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GEMINAL CHLORINE ATOMS; TECHNICAL TOXAPHENE; ANAEROBIC TRANSFORMATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; IMMUNE-SYSTEM AB Toxaphene is a mixture of chlorinated camphenes and bornanes that was produced and used in the United States until 1982. 1.3 million tons of toxaphene have been released worldwide. "Technical" toxaphene (TT) consists of a mixture of up to 800 different chemicals, known as congeners. TT weathers in the environment by both biotic and abiotic processes. The human body burden of toxaphene consists of only five persistent congeners that are not metabolized; three of these occur in considerably greater amounts than the other two. Because of the rapid metabolism and excretion of the non-persistent congeners, the persistent congeners that make up the human body burden most likely play a role in eliciting any potential adverse effects. EPA's toxicity assessment for TT is based on the occurrence of liver cancer in rodents, and considerable doubt exists whether this assessment is applicable to weathered toxaphene (WT). Using experimental results from European Union scientists, a reference dose (RfD) was developed for WT based on the three most persistent congeners that comprise the human body burden. The critical effect chosen was tumor promotion and this endpoint is considered protective for other endpoints as well. Although RfDs are typically derived for non-carcinogenic effects, the endpoint of tumor promotion is appropriate for RfD development because the experimental data suggest a dose threshold. The RfD for weathered toxaphene represented by the sum of the three major persistent congeners (Sigma 3PC) is 2E-05 mg/kg-day. To apply this reference dose to a particular WT mixture, information is needed regarding the percentage of Sigma 3PC in the mixture. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Reg 4, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Environm Protect Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Simon, T (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4, 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM simonfam@dscga.com RI Simon, Ted/M-9188-2013 OI Simon, Ted/0000-0001-9405-3020 NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.01.001 PG 14 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 034LJ UT WOS:000236930200009 PM 16472898 ER PT J AU Hunter, ES Rogers, E Blanton, M Richard, A Chernoff, N AF Hunter, ES Rogers, E Blanton, M Richard, A Chernoff, N TI Bromochloro-haloacetic acids: Effects on mouse embryos in vitro and QSAR considerations SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haloacetic acids; whole embryo culture ID DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION; PRODUCT DIBROMOACETIC ACID; BY-PRODUCTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; RAT; CULTURE; EXPOSURES; CHLORINATION AB The haloacetic acids (HAA) are a family of chemicals that are drinking water disinfection by-products. We previously reported that haloacetic acids, including several bromo- and chloro-HAAs, alter embryonic development when mouse conceptuses are directly exposed to these xenobiotics in whole embryo culture. Craniofacial dysmorphogenesis was observed in exposed embryos and a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) for induction of cranial neural tube dysmorphogenesis was established for a series of 10 HAAs, which also included fluoro- and iodo-HAA representatives. In the current study, we evaluate the effects of exposing neurulation staged (3-6 somite pairs) CD-1 mouse conceptuses to bromochloro- (BCA), dibromochloro- (DBCA) and bromodichloro- acetic (BDCA) acids in whole embryo culture at concentrations ranging from 50 to 2500 mu M. Morphological development was assessed after a 26 h exposure period. Exposure of conceptuses to these HAAs produced dysmorphogenesis, including prosencephalic and pharyngeal arch hypoplasia as well as eye and heart tube abnormalities. Benchmark concentrations for induction of neural tube dysmorphogenesis were 63, 500 and 536 mu M for BCA, DBCA and BDCA, respectively. Our previously developed HAA QSAR accurately predicted placement of these three chemicals in the larger context of the previously tested di- and tri-HAAs, also correctly predicting that BCA would be more potent than DBCA and BDCA, and that the latter two HAAs would be near equi-potent. This study describes the concentration-dependent induction of dysmorphogenesis in whole embryo culture by three mixed chloro/bromo-HAAs and demonstrates the ability of the HAA QSAR to predict relative potencies within this family of xenobiotics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hunter, ES (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hunter.sid@epa.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.09.012 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 023VG UT WOS:000236153700007 PM 16293395 ER PT J AU Orme-Zavaleta, J Jorgensen, J D'Ambrosio, B Altendorf, E Rossignol, PA AF Orme-Zavaleta, J Jorgensen, J D'Ambrosio, B Altendorf, E Rossignol, PA TI Discovering spatio-temporal models of the spread of West Nile virus SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE community model; infectious disease; integrated risk analysis; probabilistic; relational model; West Nile virus ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; NEW-YORK; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; WILDLIFE; DIPTERA; SYSTEM; IMPACT; BIRDS AB Emerging infectious diseases are characterized by complex interactions among disease agents, vectors, wildlife, humans, and the environment.((1-3)) Since the appearance of West Nile virus (WNV) in New York City in 1999, it has infected over 8,000 people in the United States, resulting in several hundred deaths in 46 contiguous states.((4)) The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and maintained in various bird reservoir hosts.((5)) Its unexpected introduction, high morbidity, and rapid spread have left public health agencies facing severe time constraints in a theory-poor environment, dependent largely on observational data collected by independent survey efforts and much uncertainty. Current knowledge may be expressed as a priori constraints on models learned from data. Accordingly, we applied a Bayesian probabilistic relational approach to generate spatially and temporally linked models from heterogeneous data sources. Using data collected from multiple independent sources in Maryland, we discovered the integrated context in which infected birds are plausible indicators for positive mosquito pools and human cases for 2001 and 2002. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. CleverSet Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Orme-Zavaleta, J (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM orme-zavaleta.jennifer@epa.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00738.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 025EQ UT WOS:000236248500010 PM 16573630 ER PT J AU Schlosser, PM Borghoff, SJ Coldham, NG David, JA Ghosh, SK AF Schlosser, PM Borghoff, SJ Coldham, NG David, JA Ghosh, SK TI Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of genistein in rats, part I: Model development SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE endocrine-active; genistein; PBPK; phytoestrogen; rat ID BREAST-CANCER TUMORS; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; BLOOD-FLOW; SOY; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS; BINDING; VITRO; MICE AB Genistein is a phytoestrogen-a plant-derived compound that binds to and activates the estrogen receptor-occurring at high levels in soy beans and food products, leading to widespread human exposure. The numerous scientific publications available describing genistein's dosimetry, mechanisms of action, and identified or putative health effects in both experimental animals and humans make it ideal for examination as an example of endocrine-active compound (EAC). We developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to quantify the internal, target-tissue dosimetry of genistein in adult rats. Complexities of the model include enterohepatic circulation, binding of both genistein and its conjugates to plasma proteins, and the multiple compartments used to describe transport through the bile duct and gastrointestinal tract. Other aspects of the model are simple perfusion-limited transport to the tissue groups and first-order rates of metabolism, uptake, and excretion. We describe here the model structure and initial calibration of the model by fitting to a large data set for Wistar rats. The model structure can be readily extrapolated to describe genistein dosimetry in humans or modified to describe the dosimetry of other phytoestrogens and phenolic EACs. The model does a fair job of capturing the pharmacokinetics. Although it does not describe the interindividual variability and we have not identified a single set of parameters that provide a good fit to the data for both oral and intravenous exposures, we believe it provides a good initial attempt at PBPK modeling for genistein, which can serve as a template for other phytoestrogens and in the design of future experiments and research that can be used to fill data gaps and better estimate model parameters. C1 CIIT, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Bacterial Dis, Surrey, England. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schlosser, PM (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schlosser.paul@epa.gov RI Coldham, Nick/F-6151-2010; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108; Ghosh, Sujit/0000-0001-8351-408X NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 483 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00743.x PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 025EQ UT WOS:000236248500015 PM 16573635 ER PT J AU Zartarian, VG Xue, JP Ozkaynak, H Dang, W Glen, G Smith, L Stallings, C AF Zartarian, VG Xue, JP Ozkaynak, H Dang, W Glen, G Smith, L Stallings, C TI A probabilistic arsenic exposure assessment for children who contact CCA-treated playsets and decks, part I: Model methodology, variability results, and model evaluation SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; CCA; children's exposures; probabilistic exposure modeling; treated wood ID HANDS AB Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of young children who may contact arsenic residues while playing on and around chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood playsets and decks. Although CCA registrants voluntarily canceled the production of treated wood for residential use in 2003, the potential for exposure from existing structures and surrounding soil still poses concerns. The EPA's Office of Research and Development developed and applied the probabilistic Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation model for wood preservatives (SHEDS-Wood) to estimate children's absorbed dose of arsenic from CCA. Skin contact with, and nondietary ingestion of, arsenic in soil and wood residues were considered for the population of children in the United States who frequently contact CCA-treated wood playsets and decks. Model analyses were conducted to assess the range in population estimates and the impact of potential mitigation strategies such as the use of sealants and hand washing after play events. The results show predicted central values for lifetime annual average daily dose values for arsenic ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-5) mg/kg/day, with predicted 95th percentiles on the order of 10(-5) mg/kg/day. There were several orders of magnitude between lower and upper percentiles. Residue ingestion via hand-to-mouth contact was determined to be the most significant exposure route for most scenarios. Results of several alternative scenarios were similar to baseline results, except for the scenario with greatly reduced residue concentrations through hypothetical wood sealant applications; in this scenario, exposures were lower, and the soil ingestion route dominated. SHEDS-Wood estimates are typically consistent with, or within the range of, other CCA exposure models. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA USA. Al Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zartarian, VG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 1 Congress St,Suite 1100,Mailcode CAP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00747.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 025EQ UT WOS:000236248500017 PM 16573637 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, VG Ozkaynak, H Dang, W Glen, G Smith, L Stallings, C AF Xue, JP Zartarian, VG Ozkaynak, H Dang, W Glen, G Smith, L Stallings, C TI A probabilistic arsenic exposure assessment for children who contact chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated playsets and decks, part 2: Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE CCA; children's arsenic exposure; probabilistic exposure model; sensitivity analyses; uncertainty analyses AB A probabilistic model (SHEDS-Wood) was developed to examine children's exposure and dose to chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, as described in Part 1 of this two-part article. This Part 2 article discusses sensitivity and uncertainty analyses conducted to assess the key model inputs and areas of needed research for children's exposure to CCA-treated playsets and decks. The following types of analyses were conducted: (1) sensitivity analyses using a percentile scaling approach and multiple stepwise regression; and (2) uncertainty analyses using the bootstrap and two-stage Monte Carlo techniques. The five most important variables, based on both sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, were: wood surface residue-to-skin transfer efficiency; wood surface residue levels; fraction of hand surface area mouthed per mouthing event; average fraction of nonresidential outdoor time a child plays on/around CCA-treated public playsets; and frequency of hand washing. In general, there was a factor of 8 for the 5th and 95th percentiles and a factor of 4 for the 50th percentile in the uncertainty of predicted population dose estimates due to parameter uncertainty. Data were available for most of the key model inputs identified with sensitivity and uncertainty analyses; however, there were few or no data for some key inputs. To evaluate and improve the accuracy of model results, future measurement studies should obtain longitudinal time-activity diary information on children, spatial and temporal measurements of residue and soil concentrations on or near CCA-treated playsets and decks, and key exposure factors. Future studies should also address other sources of uncertainty in addition to parameter uncertainty, such as scenario and model uncertainty. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Anitmicrobials Div, Arlington, VA USA. Al Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zartarian, VG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 1 Congress St,Suite 1100,Mailcode CAP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov NR 5 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00748.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 025EQ UT WOS:000236248500018 PM 16573638 ER PT J AU Englehardt, JD Swartout, J AF Englehardt, JD Swartout, J TI Predictive bayesian microbial dose-response assessment based on suggested self-organization in primary illness response: Cryptosporidium parvum SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Cryptosporidium; dose response; illness; predictive; self-organization ID DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; HEALTHY-ADULTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RISK ASSESSMENT; INCIDENT SIZE; INFECTION; MODEL; INFORMATION; VOLUNTEERS AB The probability of illness caused by very low doses of pathogens cannot generally be tested due to the numbers of subjects that would be needed, though such assessments of illness dose response are needed to evaluate drinking water standards. A predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment method was proposed previously to assess the unconditional probability of illness from available information and avoid the inconsistencies of confidence-based approaches. However, the method uses knowledge of the conditional dose-response form, and this form is not well established for the illness endpoint. A conditional parametric dose-response function for gastroenteric illness is proposed here based on simple numerical models of self-organized host-pathogen systems and probabilistic arguments. In the models, illnesses terminate when the host evolves by processes of natural selection to a self-organized critical value of wellness. A generalized beta-Poisson illness dose-response form emerges for the population as a whole. Use of this form is demonstrated in a predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment for cryptosporidiosis. Results suggest that a maximum allowable dose of 5.0 x 10(-7) oocysts/exposure (e.g., 2.5 x 10(-7) oocysts/L water) would correspond with the original goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Surface Water Treatment Rule, considering only primary illnesses resulting from Poisson-distributed pathogen counts. This estimate should be revised to account for non-Poisson distributions of Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water and total response, considering secondary illness propagation in the population. C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Englehardt, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM jenglehardt@miami.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00745.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 025EQ UT WOS:000236248500019 PM 16573639 ER PT J AU Batra, VK Beard, WA Shock, DD Krahn, JM Pedersen, LC Wilson, SH AF Batra, VK Beard, WA Shock, DD Krahn, JM Pedersen, LC Wilson, SH TI Magnesium-induced assembly of a complete DNA polymerase catalytic complex SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-FIT MECHANISM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRUCTURAL BASIS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; TERNARY COMPLEXES; BETA; FIDELITY; TEMPLATE AB The molecular details of the nucleotidyl transferase reaction have remained speculative, as strategies to trap catalytic intermediates for structure determination utilize substrates lacking the primer terminus 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+, resulting in an incomplete and distorted active site geometry. Since the geometric arrangement of these essential atoms will impact chemistry, structural insight into fidelity strategies has been hampered. Here, we present a crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of a DNA polymerase with bound substrates that include the primer 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+. This catalytic intermediate was trapped with a northydrolyzable deoxynucleotide analog. Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta-lacking the 3'-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. These structures provide direct evidence that both atoms are required to achieve a proper geometry necessary for an in-line nucleophilic attack of L3' on the alpha P of the incoming nucleotide. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilson, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilson5@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [1U19CA105010, U19 CA105010] NR 46 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD APR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.str.2006.01.011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 034KP UT WOS:000236928200018 PM 16615916 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS TI Disposition of BDE 47 in developing mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BFR; PBDE; BDE 47; toxicokinetics ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; THYROID-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; HOUSE-DUST; PBDES; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM AB Despite its minor contribution to global polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) production and usage, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) is the dominant congener found in most biotic samples in North America. The majority of public health concern has focused on potential hazardous effects resulting from exposure of infants and young children to BDE 47 because of previous studies reporting adverse developmental effects in rodent studies, in combination with human exposure estimates suggesting that nursing infants and young children have the highest exposure to BDE 47. This study was designed with two objectives: (1) to investigate the disposition of BDE 47 in infantile mice reported to be susceptible to BDE 47 and (2) to investigate the disposition and excretion of BDE 47 at various developmental stages in an attempt to further identify the mechanism responsible for rapid urinary excretion. The disposition of C-14-BDE 47 was monitored in C57BL/6 mice following a single oral dose of BDE 47 (1 mg/kg) at different stages of development. The results show that the toxicokinetics of BDE 47 are different in developing mice than in adult mice; whereas disposition patterns are similar, concentrations of BDE 47 are higher in pups because they have a reduced capacity to excrete BDE 47. These differences lead to higher concentrations of BDE 47 at target tissues during critical windows of development. C1 UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), 3420 Execut Ctr Dr,Suite 114, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM dstaskal@chemrisk.com NR 25 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj098 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 023DQ UT WOS:000236106000004 PM 16407092 ER PT J AU Proctor, SD Dreher, KL Kelly, SE Russell, JC AF Proctor, SD Dreher, KL Kelly, SE Russell, JC TI Hypersensitivity of prediabetic JCR : LA-cp rats to fine airborne combustion particle-induced direct and noradrenergic-mediated vascular contraction SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fine particulate air pollution; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; vasculopathy; vasospasm; cardiovascular disease; JCR : LA-cp rat ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TRANSITION-METALS; ANIMAL-MODELS; RISK-FACTORS; EXPOSURE; HEART AB Particulate matter with mean aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), from diesel exhaust, coal or residual oil burning, and from industrial plants, is a significant component of airborne pollution. Type 2 diabetes is associated with enhanced risk of adverse cardiovascular events following exposure to PM2.5. Particle properties, sources, and pathophysiological mechanisms responsible are unknown. We studied effects of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) from a large U.S. powerplant on vascular function in a prediabetic, hyperinsulinemic model, the JCR:LA-cp rat. Residual oil fly ash leachate (ROFA-L) was studied using aortic rings from young-adult, obese, insulin-resistant rats and lean normal rats in vitro. Contractile response to phenylephrine and relaxant response to acetylcholine were determined in the presence and absence of L-NAME (N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). In a separate series of studies, the direct contractile effects of ROFA-L on repeated exposure were determined. ROFA-L (12.5 mu g ml(-1)) increased phenylephrine-mediated contraction in obese (p < 0.05), but not in lean rat aortae, with the effect being exacerbated by L-NAME, and it reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxation of both obese and lean aortae (p < 0.0001). Initial exposure of aortae to ROFA-L caused a small contractile response (< 0.05 g), which was markedly greater on second exposure in the obese (similar to 0.6 g, p < 0.0001) aortae but marginal in lean (similar to 0.1 g) aortae. Our data demonstrate that bioavailable constituents of oil combustion particles enhance noradrenergic-mediated vascular contraction, impair endothelium-mediated relaxation, and induce direct vasocontraction in prediabetic rats. These observations provide the first direct evidence of the causal properties of PM2.5 and identify the pathophysiological role of the early prediabetic state in susceptibility to environmentally induced cardiovascular disease. These are important implications for public health and public policy. C1 Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Ctr 4 10, Alberta Inst Human Nutr, Metab & Cardiovasc Dis Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Russell, JC (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Ctr 4 10, Alberta Inst Human Nutr, Metab & Cardiovasc Dis Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM Jim.Russell@ualberta.ca RI Proctor, Spencer/F-2774-2012 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj100 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 023DQ UT WOS:000236106000013 PM 16407093 ER PT J AU Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Narotsky, MG Rogers, JM Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ AF Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Narotsky, MG Rogers, JM Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ TI Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure during pregnancy in the mouse SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; developmental toxicity ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; FEMALE RATS; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; DOSE-RESPONSE; NULL MUTATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; MATURATION AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a member of the perfluoroalkyl acids that have wide commercial applications, has recently been detected in humans and wildlife. The current study characterizes the developmental toxicity of PFOA in the mouse. Timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were given 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg PFOA by oral gavage daily from gestational day (GD) 1 to 17; controls received an equivalent volume (10 ml/kg) of water. PFOA treatment produced dose-dependent full-litter resorptions; all dams in the 40-mg/kg group resorbed their litters. Weight gain in dams that carried pregnancy to term was significantly lower in the 20-mg/kg group. At GD 18, some dams were sacrificed for maternal and fetal examinations (group A), and the rest were treated once more with PFOA and allowed to give birth (group B). Postnatal survival, growth, and development of the offspring were monitored. PFOA induced enlarged liver in group A dams at all dosages, but did not alter the number of implantations. The percent of live fetuses was lower only in the 20-mg/kg group (74 vs. 94% in controls), and fetal weight was also significantly lower in this group. However, no significant increase in malformations was noted in any treatment group. The incidence of live birth in group B mice was significantly lowered by PFOA: ca. 70% for the 10- and 20-mg/kg groups compared to 96% for controls. Postnatal survival was severely compromised at 10 or 20 mg/kg, and moderately so at 5 mg/kg. Dose-dependent growth deficits were detected in all PFOA-treated litters except the 1-mg/kg group. Significant delays in eye-opening (up to 2-3 days) were noted at 5 mg/kg and higher dosages. Accelerated sexual maturation was observed in male offspring, but not in females. These data indicate maternal and developmental toxicity of PFOA in the mouse, leading to early pregnancy loss, compromised postnatal survival, delays in general growth and development, and sex-specific alterations in pubertal maturation. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 54 TC 208 Z9 221 U1 9 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj105 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 023DQ UT WOS:000236106000025 PM 16415327 ER PT J AU Jones, EJP Nadeau, TL Voytek, MA Landa, ER AF Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Nadeau, Tracie-Lynn Voytek, Mary A. Landa, Edward R. TI Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; FERRIC IRON; SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; JAROSITE; SULFATE; SCHWERTMANNITE AB Iron-hydroxysulfate minerals can be important hosts for metals such as lead, mercury, copper, zinc, silver, chromium, arsenic, and selenium and for radionuclides such as Ra-226. These mineral-bound contaminants are considered immobilized under oxic conditions. However, when anoxic conditions develop, the activities of sulfate- or iron-reducing bacteria could result in mineral dissolution, releasing these bound contaminants. Reduction of structural sulfate in the iron-hydroxysulfate mineral jarosite by sulfate-reducing bacteria has previously been demonstrated. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for anaerobic dissolution of the iron-hydroxysulfate minerals jarosite and schwertmannite at neutral pH by iron-reducing bacteria. Mineral dissolution was tested using a long-term cultivar, Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15, and a fresh isolate Geobacter sp. strain ENN1, previously undescribed. ENN1 was isolated from the discharge site of Shadle Mine, in the southern anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania, where schwertmannite was the predominant iron-hydroxysulfate mineral. When jarosite from Elizabeth Mine (Vermont) was provided as the sole terminal electron acceptor, resting cells of both G. metallireducens and ENN1 were able to reduce structural Fe(III), releasing Fe+2, SO4-2, and K+ ions. A lithified jarosite sample from Utah was more resistant to microbial attack, but slow release of Fe+2 was observed. Neither bacterium released Fe+2 from poorly crystalline synthetic schwertmannite. Our results indicate that exposure of jarosite to iron-reducing conditions at neutral pH is likely to promote the mobility of hazardous constituents and should therefore be considered in evaluating waste disposal and/or reclamation options involving jarosite-bearing materials. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds 4501T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, EJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ejjones@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G1 AR G01012 DI 10.1029/2005JG000089 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090XB UT WOS:000240986100001 ER PT J AU Storey, NM Gentile, S Ullah, H Russo, A Muessel, M Erxleben, C Armstrong, DL AF Storey, NM Gentile, S Ullah, H Russo, A Muessel, M Erxleben, C Armstrong, DL TI Rapid signaling at the plasma membrane by a nuclear receptor for thyroid hormone SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neuronal development; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; potassium channels; Rac; KCNH2 ID VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; MOLECULAR-BASIS; ACTIVATION; KINASE; RESISTANCE; HERG; HYPERACTIVITY; PROTEINS; ESTROGEN AB Many nuclear hormones have physiological effects that are too rapid to be explained by changes in gene expression and are often attributed to unidentified or novel G protein-coupled receptors. Thyroid hormone is essential for normal human brain development, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for its effects remain to be identified. Here, we present direct molecular evidence for potassium channel stimulation in a rat pituitary cell line (GH(4)C(1)) by a nuclear receptor for thyroid hormone, TR beta, acting rapidly at the plasma membrane through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to slow the deactivation of KCNH2 channels already in the membrane. Signaling was disrupted by heterologous expression of TR beta receptors with mutations in the ligand-binding domain that are associated with neurological disorders in humans, but not by mutations that disrupt DNA binding. More importantly, PI3K-dependent signaling was reconstituted in cell-free patches of membrane from CHO cells by heterologous expression of human KCNH2 channels and TR beta, but not TR alpha, receptors. TR beta signaling through PI3K provides a molecular explanation for the essential role of thyroid hormone in human brain development and adult lipid metabolism. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Membrane Signaling Grp, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Armstrong, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Membrane Signaling Grp, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM armstro3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 36 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 13 BP 5197 EP 5201 DI 10.1073/pnas.0600089103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 028FO UT WOS:000236472500072 PM 16549781 ER PT J AU Gentile, S Darden, T Erxleben, C Romeo, C Russo, A Martin, N Rossie, S Armstrong, DL AF Gentile, S Darden, T Erxleben, C Romeo, C Russo, A Martin, N Rossie, S Armstrong, DL TI Rac GTPase signaling through the PP5 protein phosphatase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE KCNH2; tetratricopeptide repeat; neuronal development; potassium channel; thyroid hormone ID TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT DOMAIN; RHO-FAMILY PROTEINS; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; TPR DOMAIN; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN-PHOSPHATASE-5; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITION; KINASES; BINDING AB We have investigated the Rac-dependent mechanism of KCNH2 channel stimulation by thyroid hormone in a rat pituitary cell line, GH(4)C(1), with the patch-clamp technique. Here we present physiological evidence for the protein serine/threonine phosphatase, PP5, as an effector of Rac GTPase signaling. We also propose and test a specific molecular mechanism for PP5 stimulation by Rac-GTP. Inhibition of PP5 with the microbial toxin, okadaic acid, blocked channel stimulation by thyroid hormone and by Rac, but signaling was restored by expression of a toxin-insensitive mutant of PP5, Y451A, which we engineered. PP5 is unique among protein phosphatases in that it contains an N-terminal regulatory domain with three tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) that inhibit its activity. Expression of the TPR domain coupled to GFP blocked channel stimulation by the thyroid hormone. We also show that the published structures of the PP5 TPR domain and the TPR domain of p67, the Rac-binding subunit of NADPH oxidase, superimpose over 92 a carbons. Mutation of the PP5 TPR domain at two predicted contact points with Rac-GTP prevents the TPR domain from functioning as a dominant negative and blocks the ability of Y451A to rescue signaling in the presence of okadaic acid. PP5 stimulation by Rac provides a unique molecular mechanism for the antagonism of Rho-dependent signaling through protein kinases in many cellular processes, including metastasis, immune cell chemotaxis, and neuronal development. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Biol Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Canc Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Armstrong, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Biol Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM armstro3@niehs.nih.gov OI Martin, Negin/0000-0003-3166-8989 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS031221, NS031221] NR 38 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 13 BP 5202 EP 5206 DI 10.1073/pnas.060080103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 028FO UT WOS:000236472500073 PM 16549782 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Devesa-Perez, V Hudgens, EE Schmitt, MT Styblo, M Calderon, RL Thomas, DJ AF Adair, Blakely M. Devesa-Perez, Vicenta Hudgens, Edward E. Schmitt, Michael T. Styblo, Miroslav Calderon, Rebecca L. Thomas, David J. TI Collection and analysis of non-invasive biomarkers of As exposure in humans to simplify field studies of As toxicity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inst Agrochem & Food Technol, Valencia, Spain. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM adair.blakely@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 25-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904025 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Multi-tier approach toward risk assessment of waste disposal SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 78-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904664 ER PT J AU Bradbury, SP Feijtel, TCJ Van Leeuwen, CJ AF Bradbury, Steven P. Feijtel, Tom C. J. Van Leeuwen, Cornelius J. TI Scientific needs of ecological risk assessment in a regulatory context SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Procter & Gamble Co NV SA, Corp External Relat, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. EM bradbury.steven@epa.gov RI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/S-5815-2016 OI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/0000-0003-1605-4268 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 24-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900025 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Commodity scale synthesis of 1-methylimidazole based ionic liquids using a spinning tube-in-tube reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ciszewski.Jim@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 319-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904904 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Epoxidation of small organic molecules using a spinning tube-in-tube reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ciszewski.Jim@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 69-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904655 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Tarr, CJ Collette, TW AF Duirk, Stephen E. Tarr, Christopher J. Collette, Timothy W. TI Aqueous chlorination of chlorpyrifos in the presence of bromide and natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Duirk.Stephen@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 53-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904052 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Wilkin, RT Scheckel, KG Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM AF Ford, Robert G. Wilkin, Richard T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Zachara, John M. TI Solid phase speciation of metal and metalloid partitioning to iron- and sulfur-rich sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ford.robert@epamail.epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 89-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904516 ER PT J AU Fricke, M Conklin, S Yathavakilla, SK Creed, P Schwegel, C Creed, J AF Fricke, Michael Conklin, Sean Yathavakilla, Santha Ketavarapu Creed, Patricia Schwegel, Carol Creed, John TI Characterization of sulfur containing analogs of monomethylarsonic acid in aqueous phase standards and carrot extracts by IC-ICP-MS and IC-ESI-MS/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fricke.michael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 24-ENVR PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904024 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Ellington, JJ Crumley, FG Evans, JJ Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED AF Richardson, Susan D. Ellington, J. Jackson Crumley, F. Gene Evans, John J. Plewa, Michael J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. TI Occurrence of iodo-acid DBPs in US chloraminated drinking waters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 33-ENVR PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904032 ER PT J AU Tobin, PS Williams, R AF Tobin, Paul S. Williams, Richard, IV TI Understanding Federal and other organization chemical emergency lists: A chemical class approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Environm Careers Org, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM tobin.paul@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 6-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900850 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Ju, YH Kumar, D AF Varma, Rajender S. Ju, Yuhong Kumar, Dalip TI Revisiting classical nucleophilic substitutions in aqueous medium: Microwave-assisted synthesis of alkyl azides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Ju.Yuhong@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 197-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125907197 ER PT J AU Williams, AGB AF Williams, Aaron G. B. TI Spectroscopic observations of iron oxides precipitated with humic material and the effect on heavy metal adsorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Soils & Sediments Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM williams.aaron@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 135-ENVR PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904134 ER PT J AU Williams, AG Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA AF Williams, Aaron GB. Scheckel, Kirk G. Ryan, James A. TI In situ stabilization and bioavailability of zinc contaminated sediments amended with apatite and biosolids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Soils & Sediment Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. US EPA, Waste Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM williams.aaron@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 32-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904459 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Weber, EJ AF Zhang, Huichun Weber, Eric J. TI Characterization of chemical reductants in natural sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Environm Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM zhang.judy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 66-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904065 ER PT J AU Deleu, S Choi, K Reece, JM Shears, SB AF Deleu, S Choi, K Reece, JM Shears, SB TI Pathogenicity of Salmonella: SopE-mediated membrane ruffling is independent of inositol phosphate signals SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SopE; InsP5; inositolphosphate; cytoskeleton; membrane ruffling; Salmonella ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPORT; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE METABOLISM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; HOST-CELL; PTEN; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION AB Studies [Zhou, D., Chen, L.-M., Hernandez, L., Shears, S.B., and Galin, J.E. (2001) A Salmonella inositol polyphosphatase acts in conjunction with other bacterial effectors to promote host-cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and bacterial internalization. Mol. Microbiol. 39, 248-259] with engineered Sahnonella mutants showed that deletion of SopE attenuated the pathogen's ability to deplete host-cell InsP(5) and remodel the cytoskeleton. We pursued these observations: In SopE-transfected host-cells, membrane ruffling was induced, but SopE did not dephosphorylate InsP(5), nor did it recruit PTEN (a cytosolic InsP(5) phosphatase) for this task. However, PTEN strengthened SopE-mediated membrane ruffling. We conclude SopE promotes host-cell InsP(5), hydrolysis only with the assistance of other Salmonella proteins. Our demonstration that Salmonella-mediated cytoskeletal modifications are independent of inositolphosphates will focus future studies on elucidating alternate pathogenic consequences of InsP(5) metabolism, including ion channel conductance and apoptosis. (c) 2006 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DHSS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. DHSS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), DHSS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shears@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080046-19] NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 580 IS 7 BP 1709 EP 1715 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.019 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 026KR UT WOS:000236338300003 PM 16500648 ER PT J AU Winn, RN Norris, MB Lothenbach, D Flynn, K Hammermeister, D Whiteman, F Sheedy, B Johnson, R AF Winn, RN Norris, MB Lothenbach, D Flynn, K Hammermeister, D Whiteman, F Sheedy, B Johnson, R TI Sub-chronic exposure to 1,1-dichloropropene induces frameshift mutations in lambda transgenic medaka SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 1,1-dichloropropene; mutations; fish ID IN-VIVO; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; INDUCTION; DNA; SPECTRA; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; MUTAGENESIS; MODELS AB 1,1-Dichloropropene (1,1-DCP) is a contaminant present in both ground and surface waters used as sources for drinking water. Structural similarity to several compounds with known mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and recent demonstration of mutagenicity in vitro, suggest this compound may be similarly mutagenic in vivo. A transgenic fish model, the lambda transgenic medaka, was used to evaluate the potential mutagenicity of this contaminant in vivo following sub-chronic exposure for 6 weeks. Mutant frequencies of the cII target gene (MF) increased six-fold in the livers of fish exposed to the lowest 1,1-DCP exposure concentration (0.44 mg/L, MF = 18.4 x 10(-5)), and increased with each treatment, culminating in a 32-fold induction in fish from the highest 1,1-DCP treatment (16.60 mg/L, MF = 96.3 x 10(-5)). Mutations recovered from treated fish showed a distinctive mutational spectrum comprised predominantly of +1 frameshift mutations, induced 166-fold above that of untreated animals. The majority of frameshifts were +1 insertions at thiamine and adenine. These results represent the first evidence of mutagenicity of 1,1-DCP in vivo, and of the highly characteristic spectrum of induced mutations dominated by +1 frameshift mutations. Based upon results from previous in vitro studies, the similar role of glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1-1) in the activation of 1,1-DCP to a mutagen in vivo is also suggested. This study further illustrates the utility of the X transgenic medaka as a model for identifying and characterizing potential genetic health risks associated with chemical exposures in the environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Winn, RN (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rwinn@uga.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 595 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.10.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 022IQ UT WOS:000236049300008 PM 16337249 ER PT J AU Cemeli, E Wagner, ED Anderson, D Richardson, SD Plewa, MJ AF Cemeli, E Wagner, ED Anderson, D Richardson, SD Plewa, MJ TI Modulation of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the drinking water disinfection byproduct iodoacetic acid by suppressors of oxidative stress SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; MAMMALIAN-CELL CYTOTOXICITY; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BLADDER-CANCER; CHLORINATION; MUTAGENICITY; RISK; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SALMONELLA AB Drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are generated by the chemical disinfection of water and may pose a hazard to the public health. Previously we demonstrated that iodoacetic acid was the most cytotoxic and genotoxic DBP analyzed in a mammalian cell system. Little is known of the mechanisms of its genotoxicity. The involvement of oxidative stress in the toxicity of iodoacetic acid was analyzed with the antioxidants catalase and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Iodoacetic acid toxicity was quantitatively measured with and without antioxidants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The endpoints included cytotoxicity in S. typhimurium, or in CHO calls, mutagenicity in S. typhimurium, and genotoxicity in CHO cells. Neither catalase nor BHA reduced the level of iodoacetic acid induced cytotoxicity in S. typhimurium. In CHO cells neither antioxidant caused a significant reduction in iodoacetic acid induced cytotoxicity. However, in S. typhimurium, BHA or catalase reduced the mutagenicity of iodoacetic acid by 33.5 and 26.8%, respectively. Likewise, BHA or catalase reduced iodoacetic acid induced genomic DNA damage by 86.5 and 42%, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in the induction of genotoxicity and mutagenicity by iodoacetic acid. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Bradford, Dept Biomed Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015 OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398 NR 43 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1883 DI 10.1021/es051602r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900025 PM 16570611 ER PT J AU Zein, MM Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Zein, MM Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with gasoline hydrocarbons and oxygenates using a membrane-based reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; AMYL METHYL-ETHER; BIODEGRADATION KINETICS; AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; BACTERIAL CULTURE; BED REACTOR; MTBE; BIOREACTOR; WATER; ETBE AB The objective of this study was to operate a novel, field-scale, aerobic bioreactor and assess its performance in the ex situ treatment of groundwater contaminated with gasoline from a leaking underground storage tank in Pascoag, RI. The groundwater contained elevated concentrations of MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), TBA (tertbutyl alcohol), TBF (tert-but formate), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene isomers), and other gasoline additives (tert-amyl methyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, tert-amyl alcohol, methanol, and acetone). The bioreactor was a gravity-flow membrane-based system called a Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR) designed to retain all biomass within the reactor. It was operated for six months at an influent flow rate that ultimately reached 5 gpm. The goal was to achieve a removal of all contaminants to < 5 mu g/L, which is the California Drinking Water advisory for MTBE. The concentration of TBA, an MTBE biodegradation byproduct, was consistently lower than that of MTBE. The other daughter compound detected in the influent, TBF, was degraded to concentrations below the detection limit of 0.02 mu g/L. BTEX were consistently degraded to significantly lower levels in the effluent throughout the duration of the study (< 1 mu g/L). A similar high removal efficiency of the other gasoline oxygenates present in the groundwater (TAME, DIPE, and TAA) was also achieved. Dissolved organic carbon analysis demonstrated the ability of the bioreactor to produce high quality effluents with nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC) averaging approximately 50% lower than the NPOC concentrations in the influent contaminated groundwater. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall,ML0071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1997 EP 2003 DI 10.1021/es051593m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900041 PM 16570627 ER PT J AU Morrison, SJ Mushovic, PS Niesen, PL AF Morrison, SJ Mushovic, PS Niesen, PL TI Early breakthrough of molybdenum and uranium in a permeable reactive barrier SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; ZEROVALENT IRON; MINERAL PRECIPITATION; REMOVAL; GROUNDWATER; REMEDIATION; MECHANISM AB A permeable reactive barrier (PRIB) using zerovalent iron (ZVI) was installed at a site near Canon City, CO, to treat molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U) in groundwater. The PRB initially decreased Mo concentrations from about 4.8 to less than 0.1 mg/L; however, Mo concentrations in the ZVI increased to 2.0 mg/L after about 250 days and continued to increase until concentrations in the ZVI were about 4 times higher than in the influent groundwater, Concentrations of U were reduced from 1.0 to less than 0.02 mg/L during the same period. Investigations of solid-phase samples indicate that (1) calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and sulfide minerals had precipitated in pores of the ZVI; (2) U and Mo were concentrated in the upgradient 5.1 cm of the ZVI; and (3) calcium was present throughout the ZVI accounting for up to 20.5% of the initial porosity. Results of a column test indicated that the ZVI from the PRB was still reactive for removing Mo and that removal rates were dependent on residence time and pH. The chemical evolution of the PRB is explained in four stages that present a progression from porous media flow through preferential flow and, finally, complete bypass of the ZVI. C1 SM Stoller Corp, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. US EPA, Fed Facil Program, Off Environm Protect & Remediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Cotter Corp, Englewood, CO 80111 USA. RP Morrison, SJ (reprint author), SM Stoller Corp, 2597 B 3-4 Rd, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. EM smorrison@gjo.doe.gov NR 30 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2018 EP 2024 DI 10.1021/es052128s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900044 PM 16570630 ER PT J AU Sen, B Wang, A Hester, SD Robertson, JL Wolf, DC AF Sen, B Wang, A Hester, SD Robertson, JL Wolf, DC TI Gene expression profiling of responses to dimethylarsinic acid in female F344 rat urothelium (vol 215, pg 214, 2005) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sen, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Md B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sen.banalata@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 220 IS 2-3 BP 240 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.12.003 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 024KA UT WOS:000236192700015 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Knoebl, I Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Hammermeister, DE Greene, KJ Blake, LS Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, DL Knoebl, I Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Hammermeister, DE Greene, KJ Blake, LS Ankley, GT TI Relationship between brain and ovary aromatase activity and isoform-specific aromatase mRNA expression in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatase inhibitor; Q-PCR; real-time PCR; fathead minnow; fadrozole; reproduction ID DIFFERENT CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; CYTOCHROME-P450 AROMATASE; CYP19 ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; INHIBITOR FADROZOLE AB There is growing evidence that some chemicals present in the environment have the capacity to inhibit, or potentially induce, aromatase activity. This study compared aromatase activities and isoform-specific mRNA expression in brain and ovary tissue from non-exposed fathead minnows representing three different ages and stages of reproductive activity, and from fathead minnows exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 7 d. The goal was to determine whether measures of a single aromatase endpoint in either brain or ovary tissue would be sufficient to understand and predict system-wide effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on aromatase activity and transcript levels. Aromatase activity in the ovary, but not brain, varied significantly with age/reproductive category, with adults held in non-reproductive conditions showing significantly lower activity than juveniles and reproductively-active adults. Significant correlations between isoform-specific transcript levels and aromatase activity were observed for ovary tissue, but those relationships were not robust for all age/reproductive categories. nor were they sustained in fadrozole-treated fish. In vitro, fadrozole inhibited the aromatase activity of brain and ovary post-mitochondrial supernatants with similar potency (IC50s = 8.82 +/- 1.58 and 6.93 +/- 0.80 mu M for brain and ovary, respectively), despite large differences in the magnitude of activity. In vivo, fadrozole altered aromatase activity and isoform-specific transcript levels in both brain and ovary tissue, but concentration-response relationships were different for each tissue. Aromatase activity and P450aromB mRNA expression in brain showed a dose-dependent decrease at concentrations greater than 5.55 mu g/L. In contrast, ovary activity showed an inverted U-shaped concentration-response consistent with the interplay between increased P450aromA transcript levels in ovary and competitive inhibition of the aromatase enzyme. As a whole, results of this study did not reveal any robust correlations between brain and ovary aromatase activity and/or isoform-specific mRNA expression. However. they were consistent with the current body of evidence related to teleost aromatase regulation, suggesting that increased understanding of the biology of aromatase may facilitate system-wide understanding of effects on aromatase based on relatively few measured endpoints. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.10.016 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 022KW UT WOS:000236055700013 PM 16330110 ER PT J AU Wang, J Christopher, SA Nair, US Reid, JS Prins, EM Szykman, J Hand, JL AF Wang, J Christopher, SA Nair, US Reid, JS Prins, EM Szykman, J Hand, JL TI Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 1. "Top-down" assessment of emission strength and diurnal variation impacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-QUALITY; PM2.5 MASS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB [1] As is typical in the Northern Hemisphere spring, during 20 April to 21 May 2003, significant biomass burning smoke from Central America was transported to the southeastern United States (SEUS). A coupled aerosol, radiation, and meteorology model that is built upon the heritage of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ( RAMS), having newly developed capabilities of Assimilation and Radiation Online Modeling of Aerosols ( AROMA) algorithm, was used to simulate the smoke transport and quantify the smoke radiative impacts on surface energetics, boundary layer, and other atmospheric processes. This paper, the first of a two-part series, describes the model and examines the ability of RAMS-AROMA to simulate the smoke transport. Because biomass-burning fire activities have distinct diurnal variations, the FLAMBE hourly smoke emission inventory that is derived from the geostationary satellite ( GOES) fire products was assimilated into the model. In the "top-down'' analysis, ground-based observations were used to evaluate the model performance, and the comparisons with model-simulated results were used to estimate emission uncertainties. Qualitatively, a 30-day simulation of smoke spatial distribution as well as the timing and location of the smoke fronts are consistent with those identified from the PM2.5 observation network, local air quality reports, and the measurements of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and aerosol vertical profiles from the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurements ( ARM) site in Oklahoma. Quantitatively, the model-simulated daily mean near-surface dry smoke mass correlates well with PM2.5 mass at 34 locations in Texas and with the total carbon mass and nonsoil potassium mass (KNON) at three IMPROVE sites along the smoke pathway ( with linear correlation coefficients R = 0.77, 0.74, and 0.69 at the significance level larger than 0.99, respectively). The top-down sensitivity analysis indicates that the total smoke particle emission during the study period is about 1.3 +/- 0.2 Tg. The results further indicate that the simulation with a daily smoke emission inventory provides a slightly better correlation with measurements in the downwind region on daily scales but gives an unrealistic diurnal variation of AOT in the smoke source region. This study suggests that the assimilation of emission inventories from geostationary satellites is superior to that of polar orbiting satellites and has important implications for the modeling of air quality in areas influenced by fire-related pollutants from distant sources. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,Room G3F,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM junwang@fas.harvard.edu RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 89 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S17 DI 10.1029/2005JD006416 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025MM UT WOS:000236270400005 ER PT J AU Hall, T Vargason, J Burgyan, J AF Hall, T Vargason, J Burgyan, J TI Structure and function of RNA silencing suppressors SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Agr Biotechnol, H-2101 Godollo, Hungary. RI Burgyan, Jozsef/C-7511-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1309 EP A1309 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204247 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ AF Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ TI Decreased heart rate is associated with carbamate-induced activation of pro-inflammatory serum proteins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1103 EP A1103 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202288 ER PT J AU Smith, EG Mack, C Gordon, C AF Smith, EG Mack, C Gordon, C TI Use of project-based learning paradigm and telemetry to solve problem of limited resources in undergraduate physiology course SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Livingstone Coll, Salisbury, NC 28144 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A865 EP A865 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200219 ER PT J AU Wilson, SH AF Wilson, SH TI Strategic regulation of excision repair through structural and chemical biology SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1334 EP A1334 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204359 ER PT J AU Nepomnaschy, PA Welch, KB McConnell, DS Low, BS Strassmann, BI England, BG AF Nepomnaschy, PA Welch, KB McConnell, DS Low, BS Strassmann, BI England, BG TI Cortisol levels and very early pregnancy loss in humans SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE stress; miscarriage; placentation; fetomaternal conflict; evolutionary theory ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; LABORATORY PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE; NATURAL SELECTION; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME; RESPONSES; WOMEN; AXIS; IMPLANTATION AB Maternal stress is commonly cited as an important risk factor for spontaneous abortion. For humans, however, there is little physiological evidence linking miscarriage to stress. This lack of evidence may be attributable to a paucity of research on maternal stress during the earliest gestational stages. Most human studies have focused on "clinical" pregnancy (>6 weeks after the last menstrual period). The majority of miscarriages, however, occur earlier, within the first 3 weeks after conception (approximate to 5 weeks after the last menstrual period). Studies focused on clinical pregnancy thus miss the most critical period for pregnancy continuance. We examined the association between miscarriage and levels of maternal urinary cortisol during the first 3 weeks after conception. Pregnancies characterized by increased maternal cortisol during this period (within participant analyses) were more likely to result in spontaneous abortion (P < 0.05). This evidence links increased levels in this stress marker with a higher risk of early pregnancy loss in humans. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Womens Hosp L4000, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Reprod Sci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Consultat & Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Res Ctr Grp Dynam, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nepomnaschy, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05,Room 309,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM nepomnaschyp@niehs.nih.gov NR 71 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 10 BP 3938 EP 3942 DI 10.1073/pnas.0511183103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 024VU UT WOS:000236225300078 PM 16495411 ER PT J AU Cozzi, E Hazarika, S Stallings, HW Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Lust, RM Wingard, CJ Van Scott, MR AF Cozzi, E Hazarika, S Stallings, HW Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Lust, RM Wingard, CJ Van Scott, MR TI Ultrafine particulate matter exposure augments ischemia reperfusion injury in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A293 EP A293 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206502298 ER PT J AU Franco, R Cidlowski, JA AF Franco, R Cidlowski, JA TI Glutathione efflux through an SLCO/OATP-like transporter is necessary for the progression of FasL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A121 EP A121 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501031 ER PT J AU Smith, EG Mack, CM Gordon, CJ AF Smith, EG Mack, CM Gordon, CJ TI Disparities in cardiovascular risk from organophosphate-based pesticide exposure in susceptible populations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Livingstone Coll, Salisbury, NC 28144 USA. US EPA, RTP, NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A313 EP A313 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206502387 ER PT J AU Wingard, CJ Cozzi, E Tuttle, B Caseio, WE Devlin, RB Lust, RM Van Scott, MR AF Wingard, CJ Cozzi, E Tuttle, B Caseio, WE Devlin, RB Lust, RM Van Scott, MR TI Ultrafine particulate matter exposure attenuates mouse aortic relaxations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A293 EP A293 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206502297 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, CW AF Pawlowski, Christopher W. TI Dynamic landscapes, stability and ecological modeling SO ACTA BIOTHEORETICA LA English DT Article DE ball and cup analogy; energy landscapes; alternative dynamic regimes; stability; modeling ID RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SHIFTS AB The image of a ball rolling along a series of hills and valleys is an effective heuristic by which to communicate stability concepts in ecology. However, the dynamics of this landscape model have little to do with ecological systems. Other landscape representations, however, are possible. These include the particle on an energy landscape, the potential landscape, and the Lyapunov function landscape. I discuss the dynamics that these representations admit, and the application of each to ecological modeling and the analysis and representation of stability. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pawlowski, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-5342 J9 ACTA BIOTHEOR JI Acta Biotheor. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10441-006-6802-6 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 061BV UT WOS:000238847100005 PM 16823610 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Feng, H Stern, EA Neuhausler, U Osan, J Marinkovic, N Song, Z AF Jones, KW Feng, H Stern, EA Neuhausler, U Osan, J Marinkovic, N Song, Z TI Properties of New York/New Jersey Harbor Sediments SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Zakopane School of Physics International Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2005 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, Jagiellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys AB Sediments found in waterways around the world may contain toxic compounds of anthropogenic origin that can harm the environment and human health. As a result, it is often necessary to remove them and find disposal methods that are environmentally and economically acceptable. Here, we report on results obtained in an experimental program to characterize the nature of the sediment contamination. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the properties of the sediments to develop better methods for understanding the fate and transport of the contaminants and for improving methods for their removal from the sediments. Our investigations made use of X-ray facilities at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble, France. The experiments included: measurements of the microstructure of the sediments using computed microtomography, X-ray absorption, and fluorescence microscopy with resolutions as low as 0.2 micrometers to obtain information on the relationships of organic and mineral components of the sediments and on the distribution of contaminants on the surfaces of the sediment grains, investigation of functional groups of chemical compounds using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe measurements were made to ascertain the morphology of the sediment surfaces and the distribution of metals on individual sediment grains. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. Univ Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. KFKI Atom Energy Res Inst, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 EI 1898-794X J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD MAR PY 2006 VL 109 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 025WZ UT WOS:000236299200007 ER PT J AU Lewis, CW Stiles, DC AF Lewis, CW Stiles, DC TI Radiocarbon content of PM2.5 ambient aerosol in Tampa, FL SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-14 MEASUREMENTS; CARBON AB Radiocarbon (C-14) measurements showed substantial levels of biogenic carbon, 52 to 89%, in PM2.5 samples collected near Tampa, Florida, during May 3 - 22, 2002. Nighttime biogenic percentages tended to be higher than daytime percentages. The average PM2.5 biogenic carbon concentration was 2.4 mu g m(-3). The C-14 ( and carbon mass concentration) results were highly reproducible, based on duplicate analyses of samples from collocated samplers. The work includes a first-time treatment of the potential for distortion of the C-14 results by organic artifact during sampling, and a re-consideration of the impact on present-day C-14 results of the mid-twentieth century "bomb" effect. Neither was found to have a significant impact on the C-14 results. Concurrent organic and elemental carbon measurements were used to provide estimates of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the samples. The results of this study closely resemble those found in other summertime studies near Nashville, Tennesse ( 1999) and near Houston, Texas ( 2000) with regard to the joint importance and connection of biogenic PM2.5 and SOA in the Southeastern U. S. during summertime. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E205-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewis.charlesw@epa.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1080/02786820500521007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 017QU UT WOS:000235708900001 ER PT J AU Butler, LM London, SJ Yu, MC Tseng, M Koh, WP Lee, HP AF Butler, LM London, SJ Yu, MC Tseng, M Koh, WP Lee, HP TI On the usage of principal components analysis and multiple testing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Butler, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Tseng, Marilyn/B-9334-2016 OI Tseng, Marilyn/0000-0002-9969-9055 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 173 IS 5 BP 574 EP 575 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 016KK UT WOS:000235618900018 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Wu, YM Stonehuerner, JG Dailey, LA Richards, JD Jaspers, I Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Wang, XC Wu, YM Stonehuerner, JG Dailey, LA Richards, JD Jaspers, I Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ TI Oxidant generation promotes iron sequestration in BEAS-2B cells exposed to asbestos SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nramp2; free radicals; lung diseases; ferritin ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; NRAMP2 GENE; FERRITIN; LUNG; DEFICIENCY; REDUCTION; INVITRO AB Lung injury after asbestos exposure is associated with an oxidative stress that is catalyzed by iron in the fiber matrix, complexed to the surface, or both. We tested the hypothesis that the cellular response to asbestos includes the transport and sequestration of this iron through (1) generation of superoxide for ferrireduction, (2) up-regulation of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) for intracellular transport of Fell, and (3) increased production of cellular ferritin where the metal is stored in a catalytically less reactive state. BEAS-2B cells with normal and elevated Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were employed for in vitro investigations. After exposure of these cells to asbestos, we demonstrated by fluorescence methodology a significantly increased generation of SOD with ferrireductive capacity. Fiber exposure also increased DMT1 protein and mRNA expression in the BEAS-2B cells. Incubation with asbestos elevated cellular iron and ferritin concentrations, and these responses were diminished in cells with an enhanced expression of SOD. Finally, fiber exposure increased supernatant concentrations of interleukin 8, but this inflammatory mediator was actually increased in cells with elevated SOD expression. We conclude that the response of respiratory epithelial cells to asbestos includes oxidant-mediated mechanisms to sequester catalytically active iron associated with the fiber. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0275OC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 016ZG UT WOS:000235663200004 PM 16272461 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Dix, DJ Thompson, KE Murrell, RN Schmid, JE Gallagher, JE Rockett, JC AF Kim, SJ Dix, DJ Thompson, KE Murrell, RN Schmid, JE Gallagher, JE Rockett, JC TI Gene expression in head hair follicles plucked from men and women SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hair follicle; human; adult; gene expression; microarray ID IN-VIVO; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; HIRSUTE WOMEN; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; TISSUES; BLOOD; RNA; DNA AB Characterizing gene expression in hair follicles can help to elucidate the hair growth cycle by delineating the genes and pathways involved in follicular growth and degeneration. The objectives of this study were to determine whether intact RNA could be extracted from a small number of plucked, unstaged hair follicles in sufficient quantity to conduct gene expression profiling, and to conduct global gene expression profiling. To this end, RNA was extracted from 1 to 3 unstaged follicles plucked from the scalp of 36 volunteers. The average quantifiable yield of RNA/follicle was 112.5 ng. Ribosomal ratios were lower than normally expected, but investigation indicated the RNA was intact. Ten of the samples were amplified and hybridized to Affymetrix genechips. On average, 2,567 of the total probe sets ( 8,500) were expressed in each sample; 1,422 were expressed in all 10 samples; 97 were significantly changed in one gender compared to the other, and 41 had high levels of interindividual variability. This study demonstrates that RNA of sufficient quantity and quality to use in microarray hybridizations can be obtained from as little as a single plucked human hair follicle. Genes expressed in all individuals are probably related to follicular growth and could form a starting set for developing signatures of toxicant exposure. The differentially expressed genes could be involved in producing gender and interindividual differences in hair growth. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASSN CLINICAL SCIENTISTS PI MIDDLEBURY PA PO BOX 1287, MIDDLEBURY, VT 05753 USA SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 043LU UT WOS:000237603400001 PM 16682506 ER PT J AU Allen, RH Mage, DT Gondy, G Kodali, A Christensen, C Coble, J Stewart, P AF Allen, Ruth H. Mage, David T. Gondy, Gauthami Kodali, Anuradha Christensen, Carol Coble, Joseph Stewart, Patricia TI Investigation of job-related pesticide exposure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE creatinine; exposure; job exposure matrix; occupation; priority toxicant reference range study; risk assessment; urinary pesticides analytes ID CREATININE AB The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey gathered health and job data from a sample of the US population. Researchers collected urine samples from a subset of subjects and analyzed it for 12 pesticide residues or metabolites tie, analytes). They investigated the relationship between the industries and jobs reported and the analytes detected in the urine samples. The authors found an association between several jobs and the concentration for one or more pesticide analytes above the 90th percentile. They applied a job exposure matrix to categorize subjects on their potential for job exposures to pesticides. For the detected analytes, the subjects with the highest potential for occupational exposures to insecticides were more likely to have an analyte concentration above the 90th percentile and to have an average analyte concentration score 30% higher than that of subjects reporting jobs with the lowest exposure potential. These findings indicate that occupational exposure may not be a major source of pesticide exposure among the general population. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Allen, RH (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM allen.ruth@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.3200/AEOH.61.2.75-86 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 186VT UT WOS:000247807200005 PM 17649959 ER PT J AU Geron, C Guenther, A Greenberg, J Karl, T Rasmussen, R AF Geron, C Guenther, A Greenberg, J Karl, T Rasmussen, R TI Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from desert vegetation of the southwestern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE isoprene; monoterpene; biogenic volatile organic compounds; leaf temperature; photosynthetically active radiation; emission factor; Larrea tridentata; Ephedra nevadensis; Ambrosia dumosa; Ambrosia deltoidea ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; MODEL; ACETONE; CANOPY; FLUXES AB Thirteen common plant species ill the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the western US were tested for emissions of biogenic non-methanc volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Only two of the species examined emitted isoprene at rates of 10 mu gCg(-1) h(-1) or greater. These species accounted for < 10% of the estimated vegetative biomass in these arid regions of low biomass density, indicating that these ecosystems are not likely a strong source of isoprene. However, isoprene emissions from these species continued to increase at much higher leaf temperatures than is observed from species in other ecosystems. Five species, including members of the Ambrosia genus, emitted monoterpenes at rates exceeding 2 mu g Cg(-1)h(-1). Emissions of oxygenated compounds, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone/propanal, and hexanol, from Cut branches of several species exceeded 10 mu g Cg(-1) h(-1), warranting further investigation ill these ecosystems. Model extrapolation of isoprene emission measurements verifies recently published observations that desert vegetation is a small source of isoprene relative to forests. Annual and daily total model isoprene emission estimates from an eastern US mixed forest landscape were 10-30 times greater than isoprene emissions estimated from the Mojave site. Monoterpene (and possibly oxygenated terpene and sesquiterpene) emissions may be more comparable, as annual forest terpene emission model estimates were 3-8 times greater than those from the Mojave Desert, and were within a factor of 2 for peak summertime fluxes. Primary productivity and leaf biomass of desert ecosystems are very dependent oil annual precipitation, and our model results indicate that there call be at least a three-fold difference in total annual BVOC emissions between dry and wet years. We recommend additional studies of desert plant BVOC emissions, especially those that focus on sesquiterpenes, oxygenated compounds, and the effects of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and seasonality. Landscape flux Studies are needed to test BVOC model estimates and to verify BVOC influences on regional atmospheric chemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Portland, OR 97291 USA. RP Geron, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geron.chris@epa.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1645 EP 1660 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.011 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 028ZP UT WOS:000236527600008 ER PT J AU Geron, C Owen, S Guenther, A Greenberg, J Rasmussen, R Bai, JH Li, QJ Baker, B AF Geron, C Owen, S Guenther, A Greenberg, J Rasmussen, R Bai, JH Li, QJ Baker, B TI Volatile organic compounds from vegetation in southern Yunnan Province, China: Emission rates and some potential regional implications SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE isoprene; monoterpene; biogenic volatile organic compounds; leaf temperature; photosynthetically active radiation; emission factor; Hevea brasiliensis; Arecaceae; fern; Ficus; Xishuangbanna tropical biological garden ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; FOREST; MONOTERPENES; MODEL; VOC AB Little information is currently available regarding emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in southern Asia. To address the need for BVOC emission estimates in regional atmospheric chemistry simulations, 95 common plant species were screened for emissions of BVOC in and near the Xishuangbanna Tropical Biological Gardens in southern Yunnan Province, Peoples' Republic of China in February 2003. In situ measurements with leaf cuvettes and branch bag enclosures were used in combination with portable gas chromatography, flame ionization, photoionization, and mass spectral detection to identify and quantify BVOC emissions. Forty-four of the species examined emitted isoprene at rates exceeding 20 mu g C g(-1) (leaf dry weight) h(-1). An emphasis was placed on the genus Ficus, which is important in the region and occupies a wide range of ecological niches. Several species in the footprint of a nearby flux tower were also examined. Several palm species and an abundant fern (Cyclosorus parasiticus) emitted substantial amounts of isoprene, and probably accounted for observed daytime mean isoprene fluxes from the understory of a Hevea brasiliensis plantation of 1.0 and 0.15 mg C m(-2) h(-1) during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. These measurements verify that both the forest floor and canopy in this region can be sources of isoprene. Monoterpene emissions exceeded 1.0 mu g-Cg(-1) (leaf dry weight) h-1 from only 4 of 38 species surveyed, including some Ficus species and H. brasiliensis. However most of the trees of the latter species were sparsely foliated due to dry season senescence, and emission factors are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those reported during the wet season. BVOC emission rates and physiology of many species are impacted by reduced moisture availability, especially Mangifera indica. South Asia is a region undergoing rapid landuse change and forest plantation establishment, with large increases in area of high BVOC-emitting species in the genera Bambusa, Elaeis, Eucalyptus, Hevea, Pinus, and Populus (among others). This could result in profound changes in atmospheric chemistry in these regions, for instance, terpene emissions from H. brasiliensis could increase wet season biogenic organic aerosol burdens by approximately a factor of 2 in the Xishuangbanna region. Increases in plantation area established with high isoprene emitting species, (e.g. Bambusa spp. and Eucalyptus spp.) are also projected for China and other parts of Southeast Asia in the near future. Thus, landcover change in South Asian landscapes is usually associated with large increases in BVOC flux with the potential to alter the atmospheric chemical composition and air quality over this rapidly developing region. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan 650223, Peoples R China. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Geron, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geron.chris@epa.gov RI Owen, Susan/A-5051-2009; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 9 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1759 EP 1773 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.022 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 028TA UT WOS:000236510500002 ER PT J AU Caraco, N Cole, J Findlay, S Wigand, C AF Caraco, N Cole, J Findlay, S Wigand, C TI Vascular plants as engineers of oxygen in aquatic systems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HUDSON RIVER; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; PANTANAL WETLAND; LAKE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONSEQUENCES AB The impact of organisms on oxygen is one of the most dramatic examples of ecosystem engineering on Earth. In aquatic systems, which have much lower oxygen concentrations than the atmosphere, vascular aquatic plants can affect oxygen concentrations significantly not only on long time scales but also on time scales of less than a day. Aquatic plants are generally thought of as adding oxygen to aquatic systems through photosynthesis, but the impact of vascular aquatic plants on oxygen varies greatly with plant morphology. Floating-leaved plants that vent oxygen to the atmosphere can strongly deplete oxygen. In some ecosystems where floating-leaved plants have replaced submersed vegetation, oxygen concentrations have been substantially reduced. These oxygen changes can have cascading impacts on nutrient and trace gas chemistry and on the suitability of plant beds as habitat for invertebrates and fishes. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Caraco, N (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM caracon@ecostudies.org NR 54 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0219:VPAEOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 023AG UT WOS:000236096800009 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Finegold, JK Chou, YL Rubio, F AF Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Finegold, JK Chou, YL Rubio, F TI Immunoassay method for the determination of pentachlorophenol in soil and sediment SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPECTROMETRY C1 Batelle, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Abraxis, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Batelle, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00128-006-0932-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 039EV UT WOS:000237289700002 PM 16652249 ER PT J AU Sabbioni, A Jones, CR Sepai, O Hirvonen, A Norppa, H Jarventaus, H Glatt, H Pomplun, D Yan, HF Brooks, LR Warren, SH DeMarini, DM Liu, YY AF Sabbioni, A Jones, CR Sepai, O Hirvonen, A Norppa, H Jarventaus, H Glatt, H Pomplun, D Yan, HF Brooks, LR Warren, SH DeMarini, DM Liu, YY TI Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in workers exposed to nitrotoluenes SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; HUMAN SULFOTRANSFERASES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; URINARY METABOLITES; CHRONIC TOXICITY; ASSOCIATION AB Nitrotoluenes, such as 2-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene 24DNT), and 26DNT, are carcinogenic in animal experiments. Humans are exposed to such chemicals in the workplace and in the environment. It is therefore important for develop methods to biomonitor people exposed to nitrooluenes to prevent the potential harmful effects. For the)resent study, workers exposed to high levels of these chemicals were investigated. The external dose (air levels), he internal dose (urine metabolites), the biologically effective dose [hemoglobin (Hb) adducts and urine mutage-cicity], and biological effects (chromosomal aberrations and wealth effects) were determined. Individual susceptibility vas assessed by determining genetic polymorphisms of enzymes assumed to function in nitrotoluene metabolism, namely glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1), J-acetyltransferases (NAT1, NAT2), and sulfotransferases SULT1A1, SULT1A2). The levels of urinary metabolites did tot correlate with the air levels. The urinary mutagenicity levels determined in a subset of workers correlated with the levels of a benzylalcohol metabolite of DNT. The Hb-adducts correlated with the urine metabolites but not with the air levels. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (gaps included) was increased (P < 0.05) in the exposed workers in comparison with a group of factory controls and correlated with the level of 24DNT Hb-adducts in young subjects (< 31 years). The GSTM1-null genotype was significantly more prevalent in the controls than in the exposed group, which probably reflected an elevated susceptibility of the GSTM1-null genotype to adverse health effects of DNT exposure, such as nausea (odds ratio, 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-32.2). A statistically significant effect was seen for SULT1A2 genotype on a 24DNT Hb-adduct; GSTP1 genotype on a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Hb-adduct; and SULT1A1, SULT1A2, NAT1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes on chromosomal aberrations in the exposed workers. C1 Inst Environm & Occupat Toxicol, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland. Univ Munich, Walther Straub Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, Munich, Germany. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. German Inst Human Nutr, Dept Toxicol, Potsdam, Germany. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Occupat Med, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sabbioni, A (reprint author), Inst Environm & Occupat Toxicol, Casella Postale 108, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland. EM gabriele.sabbioni@bluewin.ch OI Glatt, Hansruedi/0000-0001-6053-0562 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0677 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 024AV UT WOS:000236168200026 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JC Evans, MV Marcus, AH Scott, CS Chiu, WA Okino, MS Preuss, PW AF Caldwell, JC Evans, MV Marcus, AH Scott, CS Chiu, WA Okino, MS Preuss, PW TI Comments on article "Applying mode-of-action and pharmacokinetic considerations in contemporary cancer risk assessments: An example with trichloroethylene" by Clewell and Andersen SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer; mode-of-action; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment; trichloroethylene ID MALE B6C3F1 MICE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; LIVER; HYPOMETHYLATION; WORKERS; DNA; METHYLATION; METABOLITES; CHEMICALS AB In their 2004 article, Clewell and Andersen provide their perspective on the application of mode-of-action (MOA) and pharmacokinetic considerations in contemporary cancer risk assessment using trichloroethylene (TCE) as a case example. TCE is a complex chemical toxicologically, with multiple metabolites, multiple sites of observed toxicity, and multiple potential MOAs. As scientists who are responsible for revising the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's draft risk assessment of TCE, we welcome input of the quality to which the Agency is held accountable. However, in our view, Clewell and Andersen do not present a sufficiently current, complete, accurate, and transparent review of the pertinent scientific literature. In particular, their article would need to incorporate substantial recently published scientific information, better support its conclusions about MOA and choice of linear or nonlinear dose-response extrapolation, and increase its transparency as to quantitative analyses in order to make a significant contribution to the scientific discussion of TCE health risks. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1080/10408440600599240 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 031WI UT WOS:000236735500004 PM 16686425 ER PT J AU Eblaghie, MC Reedy, M Oliver, T Mishina, Y Hogan, BLM AF Eblaghie, MC Reedy, M Oliver, T Mishina, Y Hogan, BLM TI Evidence that autocrine signaling through Bmpr1a regulates the proliferation, survival and morphogenetic behavior of distal lung epithelial cells SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bmpr1a; Alk3; Bmp4; Sftpc; conditional mutant; mouse embryo; lung; epithelium; proliferation; survival ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; EMBRYONIC TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM; MESENCHYME-FREE CULTURE; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; SELF-RENEWAL; MOUSE LUNG; DEPENDENT MECHANISM; TISSUE INTERACTIONS; DISTINCT FUNCTIONS; PROTEIN-RECEPTOR AB Lung development requires reciprocal epithelial/mesenchymal interactions, mediated by signaling factors such as Bmps made in both cell populations. To address the role of Bmp signaling in the epithelium, we have exploited the fact that Bmp receptor type la (Alk3) is expressed in the epithelium during branching morphogenesis. Deletion of Bmpr1a in the epithelium with an Sfipc-cre transgene leads to dramatic defects in lung development. There is reduced epithelial proliferation, extensive apoptosis, changes in cell morphology and extrusion of cells into the lumen. By E18.5, there are fewer Type II cells than normal, and the lung contains large fluid-filled spaces. If cell death is prevented by making embryos homozygous null for the proapoptotic gene, Bax, the epithelial cells that are rescued can apparently differentiate, but normal morphogenesis is not restored. To determine whether Bmps made by the epithelium can function in an autocrine manner, mesenchyme-free endoderm was cultured in Matrigel (TM) with Fgfs. Under these conditions, the mutant epithelium fails to undergo secondary budding. Abnormal development was also seen when Bmp4 was specifically deleted in the epithelium using the Sftpc-cre transgene. Our results support a model in which Burp signaling primarily regulates the proliferation, survival and morphogenetic behavior of distal lung epithelial cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hogan, BLM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Dept Ophthalmol, Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM b.hogan@cellbio.duke.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL080517]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR14317] NR 78 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1016//j.ydbio.2005.12.006 PG 16 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 023LN UT WOS:000236128300006 PM 16414041 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Kim, KB Padilla, S Muralidhara, S Kim, HJ Fisher, JW Bruckner, JV AF Anand, SS Kim, KB Padilla, S Muralidhara, S Kim, HJ Fisher, JW Bruckner, JV TI Ontogeny of hepatic and plasma metabolism of deltamethrin in vitro: Role in age-dependent acute neurotoxicity SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; PYRETHROID NEUROTOXICITY; RATS; LIVER; TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; CARBOXYLESTERASE; SENSITIVITY; PESTICIDES AB Deltamethrin (DLM) is a relatively potent and widely used pyrethroid insecticide. Inefficient detoxification has been proposed to be the primary reason for the greater sensitivity of immature rats to the acute neurotoxicity of DLM. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis by characterizing the age dependence of DLM metabolism in vitro, as well as toxic signs and blood levels of the neurotoxic parent compound following administration of 10 mg DLM/kg p.o. in glycerol formal. Metabolism was quantified in vitro by monitoring the disappearance of the parent compound from plasma [via carboxylesterases (CaEs)] and liver microsomes [via CaEs and cytochromes P450 (P450s)] obtained from 10-, 21-, and 40-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mean (+/- S.E.) intrinsic clearances (V-max/K-m) in these respective age groups by liver P450s (4.99 +/- 0.32, 16.99 +/- 1.85, and 38.45 +/- 7.03) and by liver CaEs (0.34 +/- 0.05, 1.77 +/- 0.38, and 2.53 +/- 0.19) and plasma CaEs (0.39 +/- 0.06, 0.80 +/- 0.09, and 2.28 +/- 0.56) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with age, because of progressive increases in V-max. Intrinsic clearance of DLM by plasma CaEs and liver P450s reached adult levels by 40 days, but clearance by liver CaEs did not. Hepatic P450s played the predominant role in DLM biotransformation in young and adult rats. The incidence and severity of neurotoxic effects varied inversely with age. Correspondingly, blood DLM areas under the concentration versus time curve (AUCs) and C-max values progressively decreased with increasing age. Internal exposure to DLM (blood AUCs) was closely correlated with toxic signs (salivation and tremors). The present study provides evidence that the limited metabolic capacity of immature rats contributes to elevated systemic exposure and ensuing neurotoxic effects of DLM. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Korea Food & Drug Adm, Natl Inst Toxicol Res, Dept Pharmacol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Anand, SS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sanand@rx.uga.edu NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1124/dmd.105.007807 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 014SU UT WOS:000235501100010 PM 16326812 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Lin, ELC AF Cormier, SM Lin, ELC TI Reference values for exposure to PAH contaminants: Comparison of fish from Ohio and mid-Atlantic streams SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PAH contaminants; benzo-[a]-pyrene; naphthalene; bile metabolite; white sucker ID REFERENCE LIMITS; SCIOTO RIVER; METABOLITES; CRITERIA; BILE; USA AB Reference values for background exposures of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP)- and naphthalene (NAPH)-type metabolites were calculated for white sucker, northern hog sucker, and rock bass from the mid-Atlantic region based on the 90th percentile of a probability-based sample. Preliminary findings are presented for common carp. Bile was collected from fish and assayed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites using the fluorescent method of Lin et al. Exposure reference values for white sucker were 0.3 mu g/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 40 mu g/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Values from the Mid-Atlantic region were similar to those previously reported for the Eastern Corn Belt Plains (ECBP) ecoregion. Exposure reference values of BAP-type metabolites for rock bass were 0.3 mu g/mg protein and 0.4 mu g/mg protein for northern hog sucker. Exposure reference values of NAPH-type metabolites for rock bass were 30 mu g/mg protein for rock bass and 50 mu g/mg protein for northern hog sucker. Provisional values for common carp based on 39 observations are 0.4 mu g/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 120 mu g/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Small streams exhibited the greatest range of exposures, 0.015-0.689 mu g/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and from 5.7 to 159 mu g/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Larger streams had 0.11-0.859 mu g/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 10.2-286.5 mu g/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Exposure reference values for BAP and NAPH-type metabolites could be used as a basis of comparison of exposure to PAH contamination. C1 US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cormier.susan@epa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0036-2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 017PA UT WOS:000235704300001 PM 16314983 ER PT J AU Miracle, A Ankley, G Lattier, D AF Miracle, A Ankley, G Lattier, D TI Expression of two vitellogenin genes (vg1 and vg3) in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) liver in response to exposure to steroidal estrogens and androgens SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vitellogenin; fathead minnow; real-time PCR; estrogen; androgen ID DEDUCED PRIMARY-STRUCTURE; LIFE-CYCLE; SEQUENCE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; TRANSCRIPTION; PURIFICATION; ESTRADIOL; EVOLUTION; CHEMICALS; PROTEIN AB In this study, we describe the sequence for the fathead minnow (Pimephalts promelas) vitellogenin 3 gene (vg3) and compare the responses of vg1 and vg3 following exposure to steroidal estrogens and androgens. The fathead minnow vg3 sequence is:the second nucleotide sequence described in teleosts, following the original description of this isoform in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Following a brief water exposure (24 h) to 2, 5, and 10 ng/L 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2), both vg1 and vg3 were upregulated in male liver. However, levels of vg3 induction were four orders of magnitude lower than levels of induction of vy1. Suppression of vg in female liver following exposure to 50 or 500 ng/L of the synthetic androgen 17 beta-trenbolone occurs at similar magnitude for both vg1 and vg3 isoforms. The results of this study Support the use of vg1 as an indicator of estrogenic exposure in male fish and indicate the potential for vg1 and/or vg3 for use as indicators of androgenic exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Miracle, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Nat Resource Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ann.miracle@pnl.gov NR 31 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.12.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 026ZQ UT WOS:000236382600001 PM 16464498 ER PT J AU Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE AF Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE TI Power and sample size calculations for linear hypotheses associated with mixtures of many components using fixed-ratio ray designs SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE additivity; dose-response data; synergy ID FACTORIAL DESIGN; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; HEPTACHLOR AB Response surface methodology, often supported by factorial designs, is the classical experimental approach that is widely accepted for detecting and characterizing interactions among chemicals in a mixture. In an effort to reduce the experimental effort as the number of compounds under study is increased, ray designs have been proposed to study combinations of chemicals. When interest is restricted to relevant mixing ratios, we are only interested in making inference along the specific rays of interest, as opposed to methods which use designs that require more experimental effort to support the estimation of a response surface over a broader experimental region. Methods have been developed for the test of additivity along multiple fixed-ratio rays. Of primary importance is the detection of interactions with reasonable power. The objective of this paper is to address power and sample size issues related to the hypothesis of no interaction. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll, Dept Biostat, Med Coll Virginia Campus,1101 E Marshall St B1-03, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10651-005-5687-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 014EM UT WOS:000235461900001 ER PT J AU Corvi, R Ahr, HJ Albertini, S Blakey, DH Clerici, L Coecke, S Douglas, GR Gribaldo, L Groten, JP Haase, B Hamernik, K Hartung, T Inoue, T Indans, I Maurici, D Orphanides, G Rembges, D Sansone, SA Snape, JR Toda, E Tong, WD van Delft, JH Weis, B Schechtman, LM AF Corvi, R Ahr, HJ Albertini, S Blakey, DH Clerici, L Coecke, S Douglas, GR Gribaldo, L Groten, JP Haase, B Hamernik, K Hartung, T Inoue, T Indans, I Maurici, D Orphanides, G Rembges, D Sansone, SA Snape, JR Toda, E Tong, WD van Delft, JH Weis, B Schechtman, LM TI Meeting report: Validation of toxicogenomics-based test systems: ECVAM-ICCVAM/NICEATM considerations for regulatory use SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acceptance; alternatives; biomarker; predictive test; regulatory use; standardization; toxicogenomics; toxicology; validation ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATABASE; MICROARRAY DATA; STANDARDS; CANCER; INFORMATION; REPOSITORY; TOXICOLOGY; PLATFORMS; PROFILES AB This is the report of the first workshop "Validation of Toxicogenomics-Based Test Systems" held 11-12 December 2003 in Ispra, Italy. The workshop was hosted by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and organized jointly by ECVAM, the U.S. Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM). The primary aim of the workshop was for participants to discuss and define principles applicable to the validation of toxicogenomics platforms as well as validation of specific toxicologic test methods that incorporate toxicogenomics technologies. The workshop was viewed as an opportunity for initiating a dialogue between technologic experts, regulators, and the principal validation bodies and for identifying those factors to which the validation process would be applicable. It was felt that to do so now, as the technology is evolving and associated challenges are identified, would be a basis for the future validation of the technology when it reaches the appropriate stage. Because of the complexity of the issue, different aspects of the validation of toxicogenomics-based test methods were covered. The three focus areas include a) biologic validation of toxicogenomics-based test methods for regulatory decision making, b) technical and bioinformatics aspects related to validation, and c) validation issues as they relate to regulatory acceptance and use of toxicogenomics-based test methods. In this report we summarize the discussions and describe in detail the recommendations for future direction and priorities. C1 Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, IHCP, I-21120 Ispra, Italy. Bayer HealthCare AG, Wuppertal, Germany. Hoffmann La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland. Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. JRC, IHCP, Ispra, Italy. TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. Hlth Safety Execut, London, England. Syngenta, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. European Bioinformat Inst, European Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge, England. AstraZeneca, Brixham, England. Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands. NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Interagcy Coordinating Comm Validat Alternat M, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Corvi, R (reprint author), Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, IHCP, Via E Fermi 1, I-21120 Ispra, Italy. EM raffaella.corvi@jrc.it OI Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 49 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1289/ehp.8247 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 018NK UT WOS:000235771000040 PM 16507466 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Daston, GP Frazier, LM Lynch, D McDiarmid, M Murono, E Perreault, SD Robbins, WA Ryan, MAK Shelby, M Whelan, EA AF Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Daston, GP Frazier, LM Lynch, D McDiarmid, M Murono, E Perreault, SD Robbins, WA Ryan, MAK Shelby, M Whelan, EA TI Workgroup report: Implementing a National Occupational Reproductive Research Agenda - Decade one and beyond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE communication; environmental exposure; occupational exposure; reproduction; research design; risk factors ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LIGANDS; ALPHA BINDING-AFFINITY; 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYL ESTRADIOL; IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN GENOME; IN-VITRO AB The initial goal of occupational reproductive health research is to effectively study the many toxicants, physical agents, and biomechanical and psychosocial stressors that may constitute reproductive hazards in the workplace. Although the main objective of occupational reproductive researchers and clinicians is to prevent recognized adverse reproductive outcomes, research has expanded to include a broader spectrum of chronic health outcomes potentially affected by reproductive toxicants. To aid in achieving these goals, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, along with its university, federal, industry, and labor colleagues, formed the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) in 1996. NORA resulted in 21 research teams, including the Reproductive Health Research Team (RHRT). In this report, we describe progress made in the last decade by, the RHRT and by others in this field, including prioritizing reproductive toxicants for further study; facilitating collaboration among epidemiologists, biologists, and toxicologists; promoting quality exposure assessment in field studies and surveillance; and encouraging the design and conduct of priority occupational reproductive studies. We also describe new tools for screening reproductive toxicants and for analyzing mode of action. We recommend considering outcomes such as menopause and latent adverse effects for further study, as well as including exposures such as shift work and nanomaterials. We describe a broad domain of scholarship activities where a cohesive system of organized and aligned work activities integrates 10 years of team efforts and provides guidance for future research. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Wichita, KS USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Wichita, KS USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lawson, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM clawson@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1289/ehp.8458 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 018NK UT WOS:000235771000042 PM 16507468 ER PT J AU Kyle, AD Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA AF Kyle, AD Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA TI Integrated assessment of environment and health: America's children and the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE child; child welfare; children's environmental health; environmental contaminants; environmental exposure; environmental health; environmental health indicators; environmental health framework; environmental pollutants; integrated assessment ID BLOOD LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXPOSURE; DEFICITS; TRENDS; POLICY AB The significance of the environment for health is increasingly being recognized. There is a need for systematic approaches to assessment of environmental factors most relevant to health, health outcomes most influenced by the environment, and the relationships between them, as well as for approaches to representing the results of such assessments in policy deliberations. As a step in the development of such methods, we used findings and data from the environmental protection and public health sectors to develop a set of measures representing topics relevant to children's environmental health. We used a definition of the environment that emphasized contaminants and a process that involved both analytic and deliberative elements. The steps in this process were to a) develop a conceptual framework to depict relationships between environment and health with relevant types of data and information, b) select topic areas of significance for children, c) identify best available data sources and devise measures, d) assess possible surrogate data sources and measures when needed, e) design and implement metrics for computation of measures using specified data elements, f) select graphical representations of measures, g) identify related measures, and 15) identify data gaps. Representatives of policy and stakeholder audiences participated in this process. The measures are presented in three groups that reflect contaminants in the environment, contaminants in human tissues, and diseases and disorders. The measures present scientifically based representations of data understandable to stakeholders and policy makers that integrate key information from the health and environment sectors in a consistent format. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kyle, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM adkyle@berkeley.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1289/ehp.8321 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 018NK UT WOS:000235771000044 PM 16507470 ER PT J AU Dayton, EA Basta, NT Payton, ME Bradham, KD Schroder, JL Lanno, RP AF Dayton, EA Basta, NT Payton, ME Bradham, KD Schroder, JL Lanno, RP TI Evaluating the contribution of soil properties to modifying lead phytoavailability and phytotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment of Metals in Soils CY APR 18-22, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE lead; risk assessment; ecotoxicity; bioavailable; path analysis ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; ACID DIGESTION; PB ADSORPTION; PATH-ANALYSIS; METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CADMIUM; ZINC AB Soil properties affect Ph bioavailability to human and ecological receptors and should be considered during ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil. We used path analysis (PA) to determine the relative contribution of soil properties (pH, organic C [OC], amorphous Fe and At oxides [FEAL], and cation-exchange capacity [CEC]) in modifying Pb bioavailability. The response of biological endpoints (bioaccumulation and dry matter growth [DMG]) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown on 21 Pb-spiked (2,000 mg/kg) soils were determined. Lettuce tissue Ph ranged from 3.22 to 233 mg/kg, and relative DMG ranged from 2.5 to 88.5% of their respective controls. Simple correlation showed strong relationships between CEC and OC (p < 0.01) and weaker relationships between pH and FEAL (p < 0.05) and Ph bioaccumulation. Results of PA suggest that soil pH increased the negative surface charge of organic matter and clay, thereby increasing CEC and decreasing Ph bioaccumulation. Also, the direct effect of OC on tissue Pb can be attributed to formation of surface Pb complexes by organic matter functional group ligands. Increased OC and/or CEC reduced Pb solubility and bioavailability in the 21 soils in the present study. The relative importance of soil properties likely will vary between studies employing different soils. Soil properties should be considered during the ecological risk assessment of metal in contaminated soils. Path analysis is useful for ecological studies involving soils with a wide range of physicochemical properties and can assist in site risk assessment of metals and remediation decisions on contaminated sites. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dayton, EA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dayton.15@osu.edu NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 719 EP 725 DI 10.1897/05-307R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 017NP UT WOS:000235700600012 PM 16566156 ER PT J AU Bradham, KD Dayton, EA Basta, NT Schroder, J Payton, M Lanno, RP AF Bradham, KD Dayton, EA Basta, NT Schroder, J Payton, M Lanno, RP TI Effect of soil properties on lead bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment of Metals in Soils CY APR 18-22, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE lead; ecological risk assessment; bioavailability; earthworm; soil properties ID LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS; METAL ACCUMULATION; PB ADSORPTION; HEAVY-METALS; ZINC; CADMIUM; COPPER; AVAILABILITY; PH AB Soil properties are important factors modifying metal bioavailability to ecological receptors. Twenty-one soils with a wide range of soil properties (USA; http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/) were amended with a single concentration of Ph (2,000 mg/kg) to determine the effects of soil properties on Ph bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms. Earthworm mortality ranged from 0 to 100% acute mortality following exposure to the same total concentration of Pb (2,000 mg/kg) in amended field soils. Internal Ph concentrations in earthworms ranged from 28.7 to 782 mg/kg, with a mean of 271 mg/kg. Path analysis was used to partition correlations in an attempt to discern the relative contribution of each soil property. Results of path analysis indicated that pH was the most important soil property affecting earthworm mortality (p < 0.01) and internal Ph (p < 0.05). Soil pH was related inversely to mortality and internal Pb, soil solution Ph, and Ph bioavailability. The most important soil property modifying reproduction was amorphous iron and aluminum oxides (FEAL). Because FEAL is rich in pH-dependent cation-exchange sites, several soil properties, including pH, FEAL, and cation-exchange capacity, have a causal effect on Ph adsorption and soluble Ph. Path analysis is useful for assessing contaminated soils with a wide range of soil properties and can assist in ecological risk assessment and remediation decisions for contaminated sites. Soil properties are important factors modifying metal bioavailability and toxicity and should be considered during the ecological risk assessment of metals in contaminated soils. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bradham, KD (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bradham.karen@epa.gov NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1897/04-552R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 017NP UT WOS:000235700600018 PM 16566162 ER PT J AU Sallmen, M Baird, D Wilcox, A Weinberg, C Lindbohm, ML AF Sallmen, M Baird, D Wilcox, A Weinberg, C Lindbohm, ML TI Human fertility decline? Response SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TIME C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC USA. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Helsinki, Finland. EM markku.sallmen@ttl.fi NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000199517.66134.3e PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 015OX UT WOS:000235561800023 ER PT J AU Lovelace, K AF Lovelace, K TI EPA ground water task force report SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lovelace, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kenneth@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 48 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00095.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 043KY UT WOS:000237601200002 ER PT J AU Azadpour-Keeley, A Barcelona, MJ AF Azadpour-Keeley, A Barcelona, MJ TI Design of an MTBE remediation technology evaluation SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; WATER-QUALITY; CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; BIODEGRADATION; AQUIFER; WELLS AB This study examines the intrinsic variability of dissolved methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations in ground water during the course of a pilot-scale bioremedial technology trial in Port Hueneme, California. A pretrial natural gradient tracer experiment using bromide was conducted in an anaerobic test section of the aquifer to characterize hydrogeology. The results showed the presence of a complex velocity field in terms of vertical stratification and preferential flowpaths. The hydraulic conductivity at the test area varied by > 2 orders of magnitude, and the effects of vertical stratification were made apparent by the tracers' detection pattern, which was predominately higher in the lower part of the aquifer. Since historically the lower portion of the aquifer significantly influenced MTBE transport, it was emphasized by increasing the sampling frequency for MTBE and tracers during the pilot test that involved the intermittent addition of oxygen and propane into the aquifer. A second tracer experiment using bromide and deuterated MTBE (H-2(12)-MTBE) was conducted at the onset of the technology trial and after the aquifer was made aerobic. The continuous metering of the tracer solutions into the test area was maintained for 300 d. The results showed that H-2(12)-MTBE behaved as a conservative tracer since (1) its concentrations increased throughout the study approaching its designed injected level and (2) the pattern of its detection resembled that of bromide. On the other hand, H-2(12)-MTBE, which was purposefully introduced into the aquifer, behaved differently from that of the existing dissolved MTBE plume that emanated from a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source over a decade ago, thereby undergoing years of diffusion. The data imply that a detailed understanding of the complexity of the flow field was not possible by observing the intrinsic MTBE data alone. C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Azadpour-Keeley, A (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM keeley.ann@epa.gov; michael.barcelona@wmich.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00078.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 043KY UT WOS:000237601200010 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS TI Transport and uptake of MTBE and ethanol vapors in a human upper airway model SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; PARTICLE DEPOSITION PATTERNS; INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SOLUBLE GAS-EXCHANGE; FLOW STRUCTURES; EXPERIMENTAL EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MASS-TRANSFER; LUNG; HEAT AB Potential human exposure to vapors of methyl tertiary-butyl ether ( MTBE) and ethanol is of increasing concern because these materials are widely used as gasoline additives. In this study we analyzed numerically the transport and deposition of MTBE and ethanol vapors in a model of the human upper respiratory airway, consisting of an oral airway and the first four generations of the tracheobronchial tree. Airflow characteristics and mass transfer processes were analyzed at different inspiratory flow conditions using a three-dimensional computational fluid and particle dynamics method. The deposition data were analyzed in terms of regional deposition fractions (DF = regional uptake/mouth concentration) and deposition enhancement factors ( DEF = local DF/average DF) at local micro surface areas. Results show that DF in the entire upper airway model is 21.9%, 12.4%, and 6.9% for MTBE and 67.5%, 51.5%, and 38.5% for ethanol at a flow rate of 15, 30, and 60 L/min, respectively. Of the total DF, 65 - 70% is deposited in the oral airway for both vapors. Deposition is localized at various sites within the upper airway structure, with a maximum DEF of 1.5 for MTBE and 7.8 for ethanol. Local deposition patterns did not change with inhalation conditions, but DF and the maximum DEF increased with diffusivity, solubility, and the degree of airway wall absorption of vapors, as shown by a greater deposition of ethanol than MTBE. The vapor deposition efficiency as expressed by the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient correlated well with a product of Reynolds ( Re) and Schmidt (Sc) numbers. In conclusion, MTBE and ethanol vapors deposit substantially in the upper airway structure with a marked enhancement of dose at local sites, and the deposition dose may be reasonably estimated by a functional relationship with dimensionless fluid flow and diffusion parameters. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1080/08958370500434172 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 999WQ UT WOS:000234422100002 PM 16399659 ER PT J AU Gavett, SH AF Gavett, SH TI Physical characteristics and health effects of aerosols from collapsed buildings SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Aerosols-in-Medicine CY MAR 14-18, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Aerosols Med DE particulate matter; risk assessment; gypsum; calcite; World Trade Center; respiratory effects; human health ID WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NEW-YORK; CENTER DISASTER; CENTER DUST; LOWER MANHATTAN; FIREFIGHTERS; SEPTEMBER-11; SITE AB Airborne pollutants can rise to extreme levels when large buildings fall down. The terrorist attack on New York's World Trade Center (WTC) towers caused the release of an enormous quantity of pulverized building materials and combustion products into the local environment. Particulate matter (PM) from crushed WTC building materials is primarily non-respirable (>96% larger than 10 mu m mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD]) and composed of fibrous and nonfibrous components such as gypsum, calcite, silica, glass fibers, cellulose, and asbestos. Respirable fine WTC PM (PM2.5) may include finely crushed building materials as well as combustion products such as dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Rescue workers at the WTC site had exposure-related increases in the incidences of nasal congestion, bronchial hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and persistent cough. Toxicological studies in mice indicate that WTC PM2.5 causes airflow obstruction above a critical dose. The review of physical characteristics and health effects of major pollutants derived from the collapse of the WTC towers has assisted in risk assessment efforts related to the collapse of large buildings. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SPR PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1089/jam.2006.19.84 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 025ZM UT WOS:000236306400011 PM 16551219 ER PT J AU Sahu, SK Gelfand, AE Holland, DM AF Sahu, SK Gelfand, AE Holland, DM TI Spatio-temporal modeling of fine particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; nonstationary spatio-temporal process; separable process ID MULTIVARIATE SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; SPACE-TIME ANALYSIS; AMBIENT PM10 FIELD; PREDICTION; EXPOSURE; POLLUTION AB Studies indicate that even short-term exposure to high concentrations of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM(2.5)) can lead to long-term health effects. In this article, we propose a random effects model for PM(2.5) concentrations. In particular, we anticipate urban/rural differences with regard to both mean levels and variability. Hence we introduce two random effects components, one for rural or background levels and the other as a Supplement for urban areas. These are specified in the form of spatio-temporal processes. Weighting these processes through a population density surface results ill nonstationarity in space. We analyze daily PM(2.5) concentrations in three midwestern U.S. states for the year 2001. A fully Bayesian model is implemented, using MCMC techniques, which enables full inference with regard to process unknowns as well as predictions in time and space. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton, Hants, England. Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SAMSI, Durham, NC USA. RP Sahu, SK (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, S3RI, Southampton, Hants, England. EM S.K.Sahu@maths.soton.ac.uk; alan@stat.duke.edu; holland.david@epa.gov NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 61 EP 86 DI 10.1198/108571106X95746 PG 26 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 016TU UT WOS:000235644100004 ER PT J AU Darney, SP AF Darney, SP TI President's welcome SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Amer Soc Androl, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Darney, SP (reprint author), Amer Soc Androl, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 SU S BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 017IV UT WOS:000235688200001 ER PT J AU Jeffay, SC Strader, LF Buus, RM Evenson, DP Olshan, AF Herring, AH Bradley, LE Smith, JC Perreault, SD AF Jeffay, SC Strader, LF Buus, RM Evenson, DP Olshan, AF Herring, AH Bradley, LE Smith, JC Perreault, SD TI Relationships among semen endpoints usedas indicators of sperm nuclear integrity. SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 08-11, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Androl C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 SU S MA 48 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 017IV UT WOS:000235688200051 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N O'Brien, DA Eddy, EM AF Nakamura, N O'Brien, DA Eddy, EM TI Modifications of the mouse spermatogenic cell-specific type 1 hexokinase (HK1S) enzyme in sperm activation SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 08-11, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Androl C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 SU S MA 76 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 017IV UT WOS:000235688200080 ER PT J AU Munch, JW Bassett, MV AF Munch, JW Bassett, MV TI Method development for the analysis of N-nitrosodimethylamine and other N-nitrosamines in drinking water at low nanogram/liter concentrations using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; WASTE-WATER; NDMA; CHLORINATION AB N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a probable human carcinogen of concern that has been identified as a drinking water contaminant. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 521 has been developed for the analysis of NDMA and 6 additional N-nitrosamines in drinking water at low ng/L concentrations. The method uses solid-phase extraction with coconut charcoal as the sorbent and dichloromethane as the eluent to concentrate 0.50 L water samples to 1 mL. The extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography-chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry using large-volume injection. Method performance was evaluated in 2 laboratories. Typical analyte recoveries of 87-104% were demonstrated for fortified reagent water samples, and recoveries of 77-106% were demonstrated for fortified drinking water samples. All relative standard deviations on replicate analyses were <11%. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Munch, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS-564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Munch.jean@epa.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 486 EP 497 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 029UX UT WOS:000236591000022 PM 16640298 ER PT J AU Deroo, BJ Korach, KS AF Deroo, BJ Korach, KS TI Estrogen receptors and human disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE-THERAPY; ALPHA GENE POLYMORPHISMS; COLON-CANCER CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; HUMAN BONE; ER-BETA; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Estrogens influence many physiological processes in mammals, including but not limited to reproduction, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, cognition, and behavior. Given this widespread role for estrogen in human physiology, it is not surprising that estrogen is also implicated in the development or progression of numerous diseases, which include but are not limited to various types of cancer (breast, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, endometrial), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, lupus erythematosus, endometriosis, and obesity. in many of these diseases, estrogen mediates its effects through the estrogen receptor (ER), which serves as the basis for many therapeutic interventions. This Review will describe diseases in which estrogen, through the ER, plays a role in the development or severity of disease. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Receptor Biol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Korach, KS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Receptor Biol Sect, NIH, B3-02,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM korach@niehs.nih.gov OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 126 TC 587 Z9 623 U1 17 U2 117 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 116 IS 3 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1172/JCI27987 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 019RL UT WOS:000235854300002 PM 16511588 ER PT J AU Horan, KL Freeman, R Weigel, K Semret, M Pfaller, S Covert, TC van Soolingen, D Leao, SC Behr, MA Cangelosi, GA AF Horan, KL Freeman, R Weigel, K Semret, M Pfaller, S Covert, TC van Soolingen, D Leao, SC Behr, MA Cangelosi, GA TI Isolation of the genome sequence strain Mycobacterium avium 104 from multiple patients over a 17-year period SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; AVIUM COMPLEX STRAINS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBSP AVIUM; TUBERCULOSIS; IS1245; INTRACELLULARE; PREVALENCE AB The genome sequence strain 104 of the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium avium was isolated from an adult AIDS patient in Southern California in 1983. Isolates of non-paratuberculosis M. avium from 207 other patients in Southern California and elsewhere were examined for genotypic identity to strain 104. This process was facilitated by the use of a novel two-step approach. In the first step, all 208 strains in the sample were subjected to a high-throughput, large sequence polymorphism (LSP)-based genotyping test, in which DNA from each strain was tested by PCR for the presence or absence of 4 hypervariable genomic regions. Nineteen isolates exhibited an LSP type that resembled that of strain 104. This subset of 19 isolates was then subjected to high-resolution repetitive sequence-based PCR typing, which identified 10 isolates within the subset that were genotypically identical to strain 104. These isolates came from 10 different patients at 5 clinical sites in the western United States, and they were isolated over a 17-year time span. Therefore, the sequenced genome of M. avium strain 104 has been associated with disease in multiple patients in the western United States. Although M. avium is known for its genetic plasticity, these observations also show that strains of the pathogen can be genotypically stable over extended time periods. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Sao Paulo, EPM, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, UNIFESP,Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Horan, KL (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, 307 Westlake Ave N,Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM kthoran@u.washington.edu RI Leao, Sylvia/F-4431-2012; Leao, Sylvia/O-9637-2016; OI Leao, Sylvia/0000-0003-2083-0119; Leao, Sylvia/0000-0003-2083-0119; Weigel, Kris/0000-0003-3199-2148 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL007287, HL07287]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046226, R01-AI46226, R21 AI061006, R21-AI061006] NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.3.783-789.2006 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 022ZP UT WOS:000236095000017 PM 16517855 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, CR TI A hurricane Frederic-generated storm-surge deposit exposed along a surf-zone foredune scarp on Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dauphin Island; Hurricane Frederic; storm-surge deposit ID MEXICO; GULF AB Dauphin Island, Alabama, is a 22.5 km-long microtidal barrier island/barrier spit in the northern Gulf of Mexico. As a result of the geomorphic and topographic differences across the island, tropical storms and hurricanes impact it in a variety of ways. Hurricane Frederic crossed the western end of Dauphin Island on 12 September 1979. Storm waves measuring up to 4.6 in above the mean high water level washed over much of the barrier spit portion of the island. On the eastern end of the island, one or more storm surges created a well-defined stratigraphic unit that was subsequently buried and preserved by migrating quartz-sand foredunes. The size of the storm-surge deposit was limited by several factors, including the wave run-up energy and the areal extent and elevation of the foredunes. The nature and types of invertebrate faunas found within the surge-wave deposit reflect a nearshore subtidal source (i.e., inner neritic-likely less than 10-m water depth). The storm deposit provides invaluable information regarding the strength and intensity of the storm not directly attainable through atmospheric and sea-wave records and is consistent with washover fan sedimentation from other areas in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM froede.carl@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.2112/04-0174.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 026KW UT WOS:000236338800011 ER PT J AU Lei, L Bagchi, R Khodadoust, AP Suidan, MT Tabak, HH AF Lei, L Bagchi, R Khodadoust, AP Suidan, MT Tabak, HH TI Bioavailability prediction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in field-contaminated sediment by mild extractions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOIL; EXTRACTABILITY; DESORPTION; PAHS; AVAILABILITY; CHEMICALS AB Assessing the bioavailability of a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coexisting in a field-aged contaminated sediment was examined using mild extractions by isopropanol- and ethanol-water solutions at concentrations of 5-100%, using extraction durations from 1 h to 7 days. At a given solvent concentration, an initial rapid phase of PAH desorption was generally observed during the first 12 It, followed by a subsequent slower phase of desorption. A similar biphasic desorption was evident with increases in solvent concentration. PAH removal by various mild extractions was compared with PAH biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms. The removal of individual PAHs usina 1-day 70% ethanol extraction was closely correlated to corresponding PAH removal via biodegradation, suggesting the possibility of using alcohol-water solution to simultaneously predict the bioavailability of multiple PAHs in aged sediments to indigenous microorganisms. C1 Damon S Williams Associates, Phoenix, AZ 85249 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lei, L (reprint author), Damon S Williams Associates, 2355 E Camelback Rd,Suite 700, Phoenix, AZ 85249 USA. EM llei@dswa.net; rajesh_bagchi@hotmail.com; akhodado@uic.edu; makram.suidan@uc.edu; tabak.henry@epa.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:3(384) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016OP UT WOS:000235629900014 ER PT J AU Wang, P Linker, LC Batiuk, R Cerco, C AF Wang, P Linker, LC Batiuk, R Cerco, C TI Surface analysis of Chesapeake Bay water quality response to different nutrient and sediment loads SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EUTROPHICATION; IMPROVEMENT; NITROGEN; ANOXIA AB Based on a set of Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Model (CBEM) scenarios, a three-dimensional response surface of a water quality index, such as chlorophyll concentration, versus a pair of loading constituents, e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus, is constructed. The responses of water quality, Such as dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, and water clarity, to nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads are analyzed. From the response surface, a water quality response is estimated under loading conditions beyond that of a limited set of scenarios. Response Surfaces may be used to determine the possible universe of nutrient and sediment load reductions needed to obtain a particular water quality standard and to examine the tradeoffs among nutrient and sediment load reductions that achieve the same water quality objective. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM pwang@chesapeakebay.net; linker.lewis@epa.gov; batiuk.richard@epa.gov; Carl.F.Cerco@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:3(377) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016OP UT WOS:000235629900013 ER PT J AU Cardona, AE Dutta, R Huang, D Kostenko, V Sasse, M Kidd, G Lee, J Cook, DN Jung, S Lira, SA Pioro, E Littman, DR Ransohoff, RM AF Cardona, AE Dutta, R Huang, D Kostenko, V Sasse, M Kidd, G Lee, J Cook, DN Jung, S Lira, SA Pioro, E Littman, DR Ransohoff, RM TI The control of microglial neurotoxicity by CX3CR1 SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 11-15, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY USA. Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 96 SU 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 021KU UT WOS:000235982900044 ER PT J AU Royland, JE AF Royland, JE TI Changes in neurotransmitter gene expression in the aging retina SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 11-15, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 96 SU 1 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 021KU UT WOS:000235982900087 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Langenbach, R Bosetti, F AF Choi, SH Langenbach, R Bosetti, F TI Cyclooxygenase-1 deficient mice show decreased inflammatory markers after intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 11-15, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 96 SU 1 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 021KU UT WOS:000235982900105 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PS Richards, J Schladweiler, MC Kodavanti, UP Farmer, JD Macphail, RC AF Kodavanti, PS Richards, J Schladweiler, MC Kodavanti, UP Farmer, JD Macphail, RC TI Brain aconitase activity in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 11-15, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Neurotox Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Tox Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 96 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 021KU UT WOS:000235982900375 ER PT J AU Thomas, JV AF Thomas, JV TI Dividing lines and bottom lines - The forces shaping local development patterns SO JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE land use; public finance; growth management ID PROPERTY-VALUES; CAPITALIZATION; TAXES AB Over the past decade, planners and policy makers have increasingly raised concerns about the undue influence of fiscal criteria on development patterns. However, real-estate conditions, local practices, state policies, and community characteristics also shape land-use patterns. This study seeks to unpack these complex relationships through an explanatory model evaluating the construction patterns of medium-sized U.S. cities. The results reveal that although market conditions do help explain development patterns, the fiscal and demographic profiles of cities are also significant factors. In particular, rising public expenditures, statewide revenue-limitation policies, and other fiscal pressures are more strongly associated with certain patterns of development. Specifically, these factors were associated with cities that developed primarily high-value residential units, excluded multifamily units, and developed proportionately more retail than housing. This suggests that fiscal conditions, including those generated by statewide policy, do seem related to the land-use outcomes highlighted by the critics. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thomas, JV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0739-456X J9 J PLAN EDUC RES JI J. Plan. Educ. Res. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1177/0739456X05281046 PG 19 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 013EP UT WOS:000235392900004 ER PT J AU Manale, AP Hanson, S Bolles, B AF Manale, AP Hanson, S Bolles, B TI Waffles are not just for breakfast anymore SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ N Dakota, EERC, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Manale, AP (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 52A EP 57A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500008 ER PT J AU Long, RW McClenny, WA AF Long, RW McClenny, WA TI Laboratory and field evaluation of instrumentation for the semicontinuous determination of particulate nitrate (and other water-soluble particulate components) SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; SALT-LAKE-CITY; REAL-TIME; MATTER; PM2.5; RIVERSIDE; AIR; CALIFORNIA; PARTICLES AB Studies conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency facility in Research Triangle Park, NC, and at a field study in Southern California have demonstrated the capability for the semicontinuous determination of particulate nitrate (and other water-soluble ionic species). Two instruments, an R&P Series 8400N Ambient Particulate Nitrate Monitor (8400N) and an ion chromatography (IC)-based prototype monitor developed at Texas Tech University, were evaluated both in the laboratory using aqueous standards and simulated ambient aerosols and in the field during a 3-week (July 1-21, 2003) joint ambient comparison study with Brigham Young University and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The field study was conducted at the SCAQMD Rubidoux field site near Riverside, CA. During initial (before the field study) laboratory studies, both instruments were responsive to changes in the simulated aerosol concentration. However, potential problems were discovered involving both instruments during the laboratory-based studies both before and after the Rubidoux study, and these problems are currently being addressed. During the 3-week field study period, 15-minute average particulate nitrate concentrations approaching 30 mu g/m(3) were observed. Because of malfunctioning IC components (concentrator columns) of the Texas Tech University prototype monitor, limited data were obtained from this instrument during the 3-week sampling period. Initial ambient comparisons show general agreement between the 8400N and IC-based prototype instrument for the semicontinuous determination of ambient particulate nitrate at lower nitrate concentrations (< 15 mu g/m(3)) and an underdetermination by the 8400N at higher concentrations (> 15 mu g/m(3)). A decreased molybdenum converter efficiency in the pulse analyzer of the 8400N discovered during postfield study laboratory evaluation may explain the negative bias observed at higher nitrate concentrations. Semicontinuous results obtained from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-operated instruments were averaged and compared with integrated sampler results obtained by Brigham Young University and SCAQMD. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Long, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code D205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM long.russell@epa.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 021KZ UT WOS:000235983400008 PM 16573192 ER PT J AU Watson, A Opresko, D Young, R Hauschild, V AF Watson, A Opresko, D Young, R Hauschild, V TI Development and application of acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for chemical warfare nerve and sulfur mustard agents SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PLASMA PARAOXONASE ARYLESTERASE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; RED CELL CHOLINESTERASE; GUINEA-PIGS; SARIN VAPOR; GAS WORKERS AB Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) have been developed for the chemical warfare agents GB, CA, GD, GF, VX, and sulfur mustard. These AEGLs were approved by the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances after Federal Register publication and comment, and judged as scientifically valid by the National Research Council Committee on Toxicology Subcommittee on AEGLs. AEGLs represent general public exposure limits for durations ranging from 10 min to 8 h, and for three levels of severity (AEGL-1, AEGL-2, AEGL-3). Mild effects are possible at concentrations greater than AEGL-1, while life-threatening effects are expected at concentrations greater than AECL-3. AEGLs can be applied to various civilian and national defense purposes, including evacuation and shelter-in-place protocols, reentry levels, protective clothing specifications, and analytical monitoring requirements. This report documents development and derivation of AEGL values for six key chemical warfare agents, and makes recommendations for their application to various potential exposure scenarios. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. US EPA, Off Emergency Management, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM waLsonap@ornl.gov NR 330 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD MAR-JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 263 DI 10.1080/15287390500194441 PG 91 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 030AN UT WOS:000236605600003 PM 16621779 ER PT J AU Cashdollar, JL Dahling, DR AF Cashdollar, JL Dahling, DR TI Evaluation of a method to re-use electropositive cartridge filters for concentrating viruses from tap and river water SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE electropositive filters; virus recovery; re-used filters ID MEMBRANE FILTERS; GLASS WOOL; MICROPOROUS FILTERS; POLIOVIRUS RECOVERY; LARGE VOLUMES; ENTEROVIRUSES; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; GROUNDWATER; CULTURE AB Electropositively charged filters are frequently used for concentrating enteric viruses from large volumes of water. A major disadvantage to the use of these filters, however, is that they are not cost-effective. At US$ 150-180 per filter, routine viral monitoring of water is cost-prohibitive. This study describes the development of a method which allows a filter to be used up to three times, achieving comparable recoveries to new filters. Zetapor 1MDS and N66 Posidyne electropositive filters were tested. The method was analyzed using tap water and Ohio River water that was spiked with poliovirus. Tap water recoveries averaged 32% for new filters, 30% for filters used twice, and 38% for filters used three times. River water recoveries averaged 68% for new filters, 83% for filters used twice, and 100% for filters used three times. RT-PCR and dot-blot hybridization were performed on sample concentrates to ensure that all viral nucleic acid from the previous test had been removed from the filters by the treatment process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cashdollar, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-320, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cashdollar.jennifer@epa.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.08.016 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 019RP UT WOS:000235854700002 PM 16194574 ER PT J AU Thurston, HW AF Thurston, HW TI Opportunity costs of residential best management practices for stormwater runoff control SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LAND AB Excess stormwater runoff is a serious problem in a large number of urban areas, causing flooding, water pollution, ground-water recharge deficits, and ecological damage to urban streams. Solutions currently proposed to deal with this problem often involve large centralized infrastructure and high expense. Phase II of the Environmental Protection Agency's stormwater regulation is now requiring smaller Communities nationwide to make important decisions about the potentially expensive management of excess stormwater runoff. This paper builds on research investigating the use of economic incentives to promote dispersed placement of smaller-scale best management practices (BMPs) for water detention to control excess runoff. We estimate a hedonic price function for houses in the area of a pilot project, and include the estimated part worth of yard area as our lower bound for opportunity cost in the cost function of the residential BMPs. We then show the effects of the inclusion of opportunity cost on two potentially useful incentive-based policy instruments available to communities. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Thurston.Hale@epa.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:2(89) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 015BC UT WOS:000235525900005 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Whitehead, RF Smith, ML Skrabal, SA Kieber, RJ AF Shank, GC Whitehead, RF Smith, ML Skrabal, SA Kieber, RJ TI Photodegradation of strong copper-complexing ligands in organic-rich estuarine waters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SARGASSO-SEA; QUANTUM YIELD; MATTER; SEAWATER; CARBON; COMPLEXATION; DEGRADATION; RIVER; IRON AB Exposure to solar radiation substantially decreased the strong copper-complexing capacity of samples collected from the organic-rich Cape Fear estuary, North Carolina. Samples exposed to natural sunlight for 1-2 d experienced a loss of strong Cu ligand (modeled at fixed K'(CuL) = 10(13.5)) ranging from 15-33%, and > 90% using long-term exposures under controlled conditions with a Xe arc solar simulator light (14 d summer sunlight). Pseudo first-order rate constants of strong Cu ligand photodegradation averaged 0.28 d(-1) for two separate Cape Fear samples exposed to simulated solar radiation, much higher than corresponding dissolved organic carbon photooxidation rate constants (< 0.01 d(-1)). Degradation rates measured in solar simulator experiments predicted ligand concentrations in separate samples exposed to natural sunlight within 30% after rates were normalized to the ultraviolet (UV) light absorption coefficient at 300 nm. UV light is not solely responsible for photodegradation because exposure to photosynthetically active radiation also decreased strong Cu ligand levels, but with a smaller rate constant (0.06 d(-1)). Although photodegradation appears to be a relatively minor sink within the Cape Fear estuary because of a shallow light penetration depth (< 2% of water column) and short residence times (< 1 week), strong Cu ligand levels in optically clearer South Atlantic Bight (SAB) surface waters are likely to be substantially reduced by photodegradation. Ligand degradation may be especially important to Cu-sensitive ecosystems where large increases in bioavailable and potentially toxic levels of free Cu2+ ions are possible. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), US EPA, NRC Associate, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM shank.chris@epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 884 EP 892 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 026MS UT WOS:000236343600009 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE AF Kaldy, JE TI Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal budgets: How large is the eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) sink in a temperate estuary? SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEAGRASS POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; C-N-P; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; PRODUCTION ECOLOGY; NOLTII-HORNEM; TURTLE GRASS; BIOMASS; BAY; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENTS C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 70 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.019 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 027UT UT WOS:000236441800023 PM 16403536 ER PT J AU Tonnis, BD AF Tonnis, BD TI Microsatellite DNA markers for the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Percidae), and their potential utility for other darter species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Etheostoma; percidae; population genetics; rainbow darter; sentinel species AB The rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum is a small fish in the perch family (Percidae) that is adapted to fast-flowing streams in eastern North America. It is relatively sensitive to habitat degradation and is widely used as a sentinel of stream condition. To provide a complementary tool for assessing the integrity of stream ecosystems, 16 highly polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were identified for these darters. Between four and 16 loci were found to be useful in five congeneric species. These markers will be useful for characterizing population genetic structure and diversity of rainbow darters and related fishes. C1 US EPA, SoBran Inc, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tonnis, BD (reprint author), US EPA, SoBran Inc, Mol Ecol Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM tonnis.brandon@epa.gov NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.01203.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 017XC UT WOS:000235725600073 ER PT J AU Reichel, V Miller, DS DiPasquale, K Fricker, G AF Reichel, V Miller, DS DiPasquale, K Fricker, G TI Texas red transport in rat and shark choroid plexus SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Spring Meeting of the Deutsche-Gesellschaft-fur-Experimentelle-und-Klinische-Pharmakologie-und -Toxikologie CY APR 04-06, 2006 CL Mainz, GERMANY SP Deutsch Gesell Expt & Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Saslisbury Cove, ME USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 372 SU 1 MA 19 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 037DL UT WOS:000237126800025 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Eldridge, PM AF Phillips, DL Eldridge, PM TI Estimating the timing of diet shifts using stable isotopes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE diet shift; isotopic turnover; tissues; model ID CARBON ISOTOPES; TURNOVER; NITROGEN; TISSUES; REPLACEMENT; DELTA-C-13; ANIMALS; HISTORY; MODELS; GROWTH AB Stable isotope analysis has become an important tool in studies of trophic food webs and animal feeding patterns. When animals undergo rapid dietary shifts due to migration, metamorphosis, or other reasons, the isotopic composition of their tissues begins changing to reflect that of their diet. This can occur both as a result of growth and metabolic turnover of existing tissue. Tissues vary in their rate of isotopic change, with high turnover tissues such as liver changing rapidly, while relatively low turnover tissues such as bone change more slowly. A model is outlined that uses the varying isotopic changes in multiple tissues as a chemical clock to estimate the time elapsed since a diet shift, and the magnitude of the isotopic shift in the tissues at the new equilibrium. This model was tested using published results from controlled feeding experiments on a bird and a mammal. For the model to be effective, the tissues utilized must be sufficiently different in their turnover rates. The model did a reasonable job of estimating elapsed time and equilibrial isotopic changes, except when the time since the diet shift was less than a small fraction of the half-life of the slowest turnover tissue or greater than 5-10 half-lives of the slowest turnover tissue. Sensitivity analyses independently corroborated that model estimates became unstable at extremely short and long sample times due to the effect of random measurement error. Subject to some limitations, the model may be useful for studying the movement and behavior of animals changing isotopic environments, such as anadromous fish, migratory birds, animals undergoing metamorphosis, or animals changing diets because of shifts in food abundance or competitive interactions. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 26 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 4 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2006 VL 147 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0292-0 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 011ME UT WOS:000235271600002 PM 16341714 ER PT J AU Embry, MR Billiard, SM Di Giulio, RT AF Embry, MR Billiard, SM Di Giulio, RT TI Lack of p53 induction in fish cells by model chemotherapeutics SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE PLHC-1; rainbow trout; p53; chemotherapeutics; protein induction; apoptosis ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; EUROPEAN FLOUNDER; DNA-DAMAGE; WILD-TYPE; MUTATION ANALYSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PRIMARY CULTURES; GENE; APOPTOSIS AB Although p53 has been extensively studied in mammalian models, relatively little is known about its specific function in lower vertebrates. It has long been assumed that p53 pathways characterized in mammals apply to other vertebrates as well. Fish provide a useful model for the study of environmental carcinogenesis, and populations of fish inhabiting highly polluted environments provide information on the etiology of pollutant-mediated cancer. In this study, we investigated p53 protein and apoptosis induction in PLHC-1 ( desert topminnow hepatocellular carcinoma), RTL-W1 ( rainbow trout normal liver), and primary rainbow trout hepatocytes exposed to model chemotherapeutics. All of the chemicals used in these studies have been demonstrated to increase p53 protein levels and induce apoptosis in mammalian cell lines. In contrast, PLHC-1 p53 protein was not induced in response to any model mammalian p53 inducers following 24 h exposures. Additionally, both trout cell types demonstrated this same lack of p53 induction upon exposure to model chemotherapeutic drugs. PLHC-1 cells demonstrated an induction of apoptosis as measured by caspase-3 activation following exposure to all of the chemotherapeutics tested. Our results suggest that fish p53 may be activated differently from that of their mammalian counterparts, and that important differences may exist between phyla in the function and regulation of p53 as well as other mechanisms involved in environmental carcinogenesis. C1 Duke Univ, Ecotoxicol Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Integrated Toxicol Program, Durham, NC USA. RP US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox Subst, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,NW Mail Code 7507C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM embry.michelle@epa.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 EI 1476-5594 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209238 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 026RL UT WOS:000236359700003 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Mitchell, WA Squier, WC Wong, A Williams, DC Logan, R Kariher, PH AF Kinsey, JS Mitchell, WA Squier, WC Wong, A Williams, DC Logan, R Kariher, PH TI Development of a new mobile laboratory for characterization of the fine particulate emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diesel engines; heavy-duty trucks; particulate matter; emissions; instrumentation ID VEHICLES AB This paper describes the development of a new mobile laboratory for the determination of the fine particle and gaseous emissions from a class 8 diesel tractor-trailer research vehicle. The new laboratory [Diesel Emissions Aerosol Laboratory (DEAL)] incorporates plume-sampling capabilities which were based on a detailed flow field analysis using a combination of computational fluid dynamics modelling, flow visualization using smoke, streamers, and oil spots, and tracer gas measurements the results of which are described in the paper. The DEAL incorporates the unique ability to measure concurrently both the plume and the vehicular background which is generally not found in other on-road facilities. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Kenworth Truck Co, Kirkland, WA USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 220 IS D3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1243/09544070D01305 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 037TU UT WOS:000237170900009 ER PT J AU Auriol, M Filali-Meknassi, Y Tyagi, RD Adams, CD Surampalli, RY AF Auriol, M Filali-Meknassi, Y Tyagi, RD Adams, CD Surampalli, RY TI Endocrine disrupting compounds removal from wastewater, a new challenge SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE endocrine disrupting chemicals; estrogens; alkylphenols; EDC; wastewater; hormone ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; NITRIFYING ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT COMPOUNDS; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; TREATMENT WORKS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Various natural chemicals and some contaminants of industrial source present an endocrine activity. Nowadays, many questions related to these compounds are not resolved and the persistent character of these compounds makes it a major problem for future generations. This study concentrated on some specific groups of endocrine disrupting chemicals (estrogens and alkylphenols). In this review, a number of treatment processes will be discussed with regard to their potential on endocrine disrupting chemicals removal. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRA ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. Univ Missouri, Civil Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRA ETE, 490 Caouronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca NR 112 TC 207 Z9 219 U1 8 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 525 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.09.017 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 017XX UT WOS:000235727700004 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW Campbell, J Muralidhara, S Bruckner, JV Ferguson, D Mumtaz, M Harmon, B Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Kim, H Almekinder, TL AF Fisher, JW Campbell, J Muralidhara, S Bruckner, JV Ferguson, D Mumtaz, M Harmon, B Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Kim, H Almekinder, TL TI Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PCB 126; thyroid hormones; P450; EROD; rat; TSH; UDPGT ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; SERUM-FREE-THYROXINE; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; LONG-EVANS RATS; EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS; TOXIC POTENCY; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR; HORMONES; BINDING AB The objective of this research was to examine the time- and dose-dependent disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid ( HPT) axis of adult male rats administered a potent coplanar ( non-ortho) PCB, 3,3', 4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl ( PCB 126). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single oral bolus dose of 0, 7.5, 75, or 275 mu g PCB 126/ kg bw dissolved in corn oil. The rats were sacrificed periodically over 22 days. The 7.5-mu g/kg dose induced hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation EROD activity, but no changes were observed in hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferases ( UDPGTs) activity or serum TSH, T-4, or fT(4) concentrations. The two highest doses caused a modest decline in weight gain, induced hepatic EROD and UDPGT activities, increased serum TSH concentrations, and decreased serum T-4 and fT(4) concentrations. The amount of thyroxine glucuronide formed daily ( pM/mg protein) increased linearly with the area-under-the-concentration-curve ( AUCC) for PCB 126 in liver ( mu g/kg/day) and then slowed at the 275-mu g/kg PCB 126 dose. Perturbations in the HPT axis were nonlinear with respect to PCB 126 dosing. As expected, an inverse relationship between the AUCC for serum T-4 ( mu g/dl/day) and the AUCC for serum TSH ( ng/dl/day) was observed; however, the relationship was highly nonlinear. These data support a mode of action for PCB 126 involving induction of hepatic UDPGTs by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR. However, the dose-response characteristics of the HPT axis are nonlinear and complex, requiring sophisticated tools, such as PBPK models, to characterize dose response. C1 Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci Dept 206, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, ATSDR, DT, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci Dept 206, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwfisher@uga.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj069 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 013SJ UT WOS:000235429400009 PM 16339789 ER PT J AU Looper, JS Malarkey, DE Ruslander, D Proulx, D Thrall, DE AF Looper, J. S. Malarkey, D. E. Ruslander, D. Proulx, D. Thrall, D. E. TI Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in feline oral squamous cell carcinomas SO VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidermal growth factor receptor; feline; immunohistochemistry; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ID FACTOR-ALPHA; RADIATION RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNA; BRAIN-TUMORS; HEAD; NECK; NEOPLASMS; THERAPY; PROTEIN; TARGET AB Feline oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment with surgery, radiation and anticancer drugs. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase receptor, has been found in many human epithelial neoplasms, including oral SCC. EGFR overexpression has been associated with advanced disease and a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether feline oral SCC express EGFR. Thirteen formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded biopsy samples from feline oral SCC were analysed for EGFR expression using immunohistochemistry. Nine of 13 tumours (69%) were positive for EGFR expression, suggesting that altered EGFR expression plays a role in feline oral SCC and provides a rationale for a potential clinical benefit using EGFR inhibitors in combination with conventional treatments. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Looper, JS (reprint author), 2600 W Galena Blvd, Aurora, IL 60506 USA. EM jayme.looper@vcamail.com NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-5810 J9 VET COMP ONCOL JI Vet. Comp. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2006.00091.x PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 172AA UT WOS:000246775300005 PM 19754827 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Efficient centrifugal recovery of Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides from fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; centrifugation; entomotoxicity; wastewater/wastewater sludge; sigma factor; supernatant ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEIN; RAW-MATERIAL; FORMULATIONS; KURSTAKI; GENES; HD-1 AB Studies were conducted on harvesting of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based biopesticides from fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (SIW) wastewater sludge (raw and hydrolyzed-NH and TH, respectively) and semi-synthetic soyameal to enhance entomotoxicity (Tx) by centrifugation. Pertinent factors influencing Tx, solids concentration, pH, temperature and centrifugal force were investigated. The centrifugate solids concentration beyond 100g/l did not enhance Tx, instead caused pellet formation. Centrifugation efficiency (Tx recovery) was higher at pH 4, and temperature 20 degrees C for starch wastewater (98%), wastewater sludge (98% and 97.8% for non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed, respectively) and soya broth (83%). For maximum Tx recovery (SIW-95%; NH-90%; TH-98% and soya-78%), the centrifugal force and time required was 48000g and 30min, respectively. Losses in recovery efficiency were lower for SIW and wastewater sludge in comparison to soya on adopting commercially recommended centrifugal force of 9000g. The settling velocity computations for different fermented broths enabled calculation of Sigma factor for continuous commercial centrifuge of a given capacity and hence simulation of power requirements. It was established that power requirements for a given Tx recovery efficiency were highest for conventional medium (soya) in comparison to other waste-based fermented broths. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Ctr Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1320 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.028 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 028IK UT WOS:000236480200025 PM 16515801 ER PT J AU Bae, JS Freeman, HS Warren, SH Claxton, LD AF Bae, JS Freeman, HS Warren, SH Claxton, LD TI Evaluation of new 2,2 '-dimethyl-5,5 '-dipropoxybenzidine- and 3,3 '-dipropoxybenzidine-based direct dye analogs for mutagenic activity by use of the Salmonella/mammalian mutagenicity assay SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE direct dyes; mutagenicity; Salmonella assay; benzidine analogs ID NONGENOTOXIC DIRECT DYES; NONMUTAGENIC AZO DYES; BENZIDINE ANALOGS; ORGANIC PIGMENTS; RIVER WATER; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; ALKOXY SUBSTITUENTS; PAULO STATE; TYPHIMURIUM; IDENTIFICATION AB As part of a continuing study aimed at establishing structure-activity relationships and heuristic principles useful for the design of non-genotoxic azo dyes, a series of new direct dyes based on two non-mutagenic benzidine analogs, 2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-dipropoxybenzidine and 3,3'-dipropoxybenzidine, were evaluated for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. These strains are widely used for mutagenicity screening and have been shown to detect the mutagenic activity of benzidine analogs. While some toxicity was seen with some dyes at high doses, all of the dyes examined were judged non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in the standard Salmonella plate-incorporation assay. The results in the standard test are consistent with the properties of the diamines themselves. However, only one of the dyes was non-mutagenic when a reductive-metabolism pre-incubation assay was used. The results of this study suggest that although benzidine analogs are potential replacements for benzidine, there is a need to understand which mutagenic products are produced when reductive metabolism is present. There is also a need to know whether or not metal complexes of these dyes are mutagenic. Such information will allow the development of new non-mutagenic azo dyes. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Freeman, HS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harold_freeman@ncsu.edu OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 603 IS 2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.11.007 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 018CQ UT WOS:000235741700009 PM 16426887 ER PT J AU London, RE Gabel, SA AF London, RE Gabel, SA TI Photoactivated H/D exchange in tyrosine: Involvement of a radical anion intermediate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-AMINO-ACIDS; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; PHOTO-BIRCH REDUCTION; D ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PROTON-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATE; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; ENHANCED BASICITY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The aromatic hydrogen nuclei of tyrosine are photochemically labile and exchange with deuterons in neutral D2O solution. The site meta to the ring hydroxyl substituent is preferentially deuterated, exhibiting a meta/ortho cleuteration rate of similar to 4:1. In contrast with acid-catalyzed H/D exchange and with nearly all of the reported photoactivated H/D exchange studies, the UV-induced H/D exchange of tyrosine is optimal at pH 9 and is effectively quenched at acid pH. Photochemical H/D exchange is strongly stimulated by the alpha-amino group (the aromatic hydrogens of p-cresol are far less subject to exchange) and by imidazole or phosphate buffers. On the basis of the results obtained here and on the previously identified cyclohexadienyl radical (Bussandri, A.; van Willigen, H. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 1524-1532), we conclude that the exchange reaction involves a radical intermediate and results from two distinct roles of tyrosine: (1) as a phototransducer of light energy into solvated electrons (e(aq)(-)), and (2) as an acceptor of an electron to create a radical anion intermediate which is rapidly protonated, yielding a neutral cyclohexadienyl radical. Regeneration of the tyrosine can occur via a bimolecular redox reaction of the cyclohexadienyl and phenoxyl radicals to yield a carbocation/phenoxide pair, followed by deprotonation of the carbocation. The oxidation step is pH dependent, requiring the deprotonated form of the cyclohexadienyl radical. The H/D exchange thus results from a cyclic one-electron (Birch) reduction/protonation/reoxidation (by phenoxyl radical)/ deprotonation cycle. Consistent with these mechanistic conclusions, the aromatic hydrogens of tyrosine O-methyl ether are photochemically inert, but become labile in the presence of tyrosine at high pH. The deuteration rate of O-methyl tyrosine is lower than that of tyrosine and shows a preference for the ortho positions. This difference is proposed to result from a variation in the oxidation step, characterized by a preferential oxidation of a cyclohexadienyl resonance structure with the unpaired electron localized on the oxygen substituent. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP London, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 7 BP 2268 EP 2275 DI 10.1021/ja055011c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 015PI UT WOS:000235562900044 PM 16478180 ER PT J AU Pedersen, LG Bartolotti, L Li, LP AF Pedersen, LG Bartolotti, L Li, LP TI Deuterium and its role in the machinery of evolution SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deuterium; evolution; zero-point; DNA; mutation ID WATER; DYNAMICS; ELEGANS AB An argument is presented that the spontaneous mutation rate, the core of evolution theory, may be dictated by the deuterium/ hydrogen (D/H) abundance ratio. This argument is supported by quantum mechanical calculations of the zero-point energy reduction for DNA base pairs upon deuterium substitution for hydrogen and recent experiments that show that the rate of catalytic dsDNA unwinding is dependent on the stability of the dsDNA. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Chem, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pedersen, LG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM lee_pedersen@unc.edu RI Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-06350] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 238 IS 4 BP 914 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.07.002 PG 5 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 018RJ UT WOS:000235782200014 PM 16098990 ER PT J AU Bare, JC Gloria, TP AF Bare, JC Gloria, TP TI Critical analysis of the mathematical relationships and comprehensiveness of life cycle impact assessment approaches SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; PRIORITY ASSESSMENT; LCIA; FRAMEWORK AB The impact assessment phase of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has received much criticism due to lack of consistency. While the ISO standards for LCA did make great strides in advancing the consensus in this area, ISO is not prescriptive, but has left much room for innovation and therefore inconsistency. To address this lack of consistency, there is currently an effort underway to provide a conceptual framework for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and a recommended practice to include a list of impact categories, category indicators, and underlying methodologies. This is an enormous undertaking, especially in light of the current fundamental lack of consensus of the basic elements to be included in a LCIA (e.g., impact categories, impacts, and areas of protection). ISO 14042 requires selection of impact categories that "reflect a comprehensive set of environmental issues" related to the system being studied, especially for "comparative assertions" that involve public marketing claims. To be comprehensive, it is necessary to have a listing of impacts that "could" be included within the LCIA before entering into discussions of impacts that "should" be included. In addition to providing a critical analysis of existing and emerging impact assessment approaches, this paper will formulate a structured representation that allows more informed selection of approaches. The definitions and relationships between midpoint, endpoint, damage, and areas of protection will be presented in greater detail, along with the equations that are common to many of the approaches Finally, a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of displaying results at various stages in the environmental models will be presented in great detail. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. ICF Consulting, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Bare, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bare.jane@epa.gov; tgloria@icfconsulting.com NR 71 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1113 DI 10.1021/es091639b PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700007 PM 16572762 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Funk, WE Rappaport, SM AF Pleil, JD Funk, WE Rappaport, SM TI Residual indoor contamination from World Trade Center rubble fires as indicated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profiles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LOWER MANHATTAN; CENTER DISASTER; VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIAS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CENTER COLLAPSE; CENTER ATTACKS; WINDOW FILMS AB The catastrophic destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on Sept. 11, 2001 (9/11) created an immense dust cloud followed by fires that emitted smoke and soot into the air of New York City (NYC) well into December. Outdoor pollutant levels in lower Manhattan returned to urban background levels after about 200 days as the fires were put out and the debris cleanup was completed. However, particulate matter (PM) from the original collapse and fires also penetrated into commercial and residential buildings. This has created public concern because WTC dust is thought to cause adverse pulmonary symptoms including "WTC cough" and reduced lung capacity. Additionally, some recent studies have suggested a possible link between exposure to WTC contamination and other adverse health effects. Distinguishing between normal urban pollutant infiltration and residual WTC dust remaining in interior spaces is difficult; efforts are underway to develop such discriminator methods. Some progress has been made in identifying WTC dust by the content of fibers believed to be associated with the initial building collapse. There are also contaminants created by the fires that burned for 100 days in the debris piles of the building rubble. Using WTC ambient air samples, we have developed indicators for fire related PM based on the relative amounts of specific particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the mass fraction of PAHs per mass of PM. These two parameters are combined, and we show a graphical method for discriminating between fire sources and urban particulate sources as applied to samples of settled dusts. We found that our PAHs based discriminator method can distinguish fire source contributions to WTC related particulate matter and dusts. Other major building fires or large open burn events could have similar PAHs characteristics. We found that random samples collected similar to 3.5 years after the WTC event from occupied indoor spaces (primarily residential) in the New York area are not statistically distinguishable from contemporary city background. C1 US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD, NERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD, NERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES05948] NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1177 DI 10.1021/es0517015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700016 PM 16572771 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK Chen, J Claiborn, C Finn, D Otterson, S Figueroa, C Bowman, C Boyer, M Wilson, R Arnold, J Aalbers, S Stocum, J Swab, C Stoll, M Dubois, M Anderson, M AF O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK Chen, J Claiborn, C Finn, D Otterson, S Figueroa, C Bowman, C Boyer, M Wilson, R Arnold, J Aalbers, S Stocum, J Swab, C Stoll, M Dubois, M Anderson, M TI Modeling ozone and aerosol formation and transport in the pacific northwest with the community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; REGION AB The Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system was used to investigate ozone and aerosol concentrations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) during hot summertime conditions during July 1-15, 1996. Two emission inventories (EI) were developed: emissions for the first EI were based upon the National Emission Trend 1996 (NET96) database and the BEIS2 biogenic emission model, and emissions for the second El were developed through a "bottom up" approach that included biogenic emissions obtained from the GLOBEIS model. The two simulations showed that elevated PM2.5 concentrations occurred near and downwind of the Interstate-5 corridor along the foothills of the Cascade Mountains and in forested areas of central Idaho. The relative contributions of organic and inorganic aerosols varied by region, but generally organic aerosols constituted the largest fraction Of PM2.5. In wilderness areas near the 1-5 corridor, organic carbon from anthropogenic sources contributed approximately 50% of the total organic carbon with the remainderfrom biogenic precursors, while in wilderness areas in Idaho, biogenic organic carbon accounted for 80% of the total organic aerosol. Regional analysis of the secondary organic aerosol formation in the Columbia River Gorge, Central Idaho, and the Olympics/Puget Sound showed that the production rate of secondary organic carbon depends on local terpene concentrations and the local oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere, which was strongly influenced by anthropogenic emissions. Comparison with observations from 12 IMPROVE sites and 21 ozone monitoring sites showed that results from the two EI simulations generally bracketed the average observed PM parameters and that errors calculated for the model results were within acceptable bounds. Analysis across all statistical parameters indicated that the NW-AIROUEST EI solution performed better at predicting PM2.5, PM1, and beta(ext) even though organic carbon PM was over-predicted, and the NET96EI solution performed better with regard to the inorganic aerosols. For the NW-AIRQUEST EI solution,the normalized bias was 30% and the normalized absolute error was 49% for PM2.5 mass. The NW-AIRQUEST solution slightly overestimated peak hourly ozone downwind of urban areas, while the NET96 solution slightly underestimated peak values, and both solutions over-predicted average O-3 concentrations across the domain by approximately 6 ppb. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR USA. EM susan.oneill@por.usda.gov RI Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1286 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/es048402k PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700033 PM 16572788 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Traina, SJ AF Beak, DG Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Traina, SJ TI Bioaccessibility of arsenic(V) bound to ferrihydrite using a simulated gastrointestinal system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; WATER INTERFACE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SMALL-INTESTINE; MINE TAILINGS; SOLID MEDIA; LEAD AB The risk posed from incidental ingestion to humans of arsenic-contaminated soil may depend on sorption of arsenate (As(V)) to oxide surfaces in soil. Arsenate sorbed to ferrihydrite, a model soil mineral, was used to simulate possible effects on ingestion of soil contaminated with As(V) sorbed to Fe oxide surfaces. Arsenate sorbed to ferrihydrite was placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to ascertain the bioaccessibiliiy of As(V) and changes in As(V) surface speciation caused by the gastrointestinal system. The speciation of As was determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, VANES). The As(V) adsorption maximum was found to be 93 mmol kg(-1). The bioaccessible As(V) ranged from 0 to 5%, and surface speciation was determined to be binuclear bidentate with no changes in speciation observed post in vitro. Arsenate concentration in the intestine was not constant and varied from 0.001 to 0.53 mM for the 177 mmol kg-1 As(V) treated sample. These results suggest that the bioaccessibility of As(V) is related to the As(V) concentration, the As(V) adsorption maximum, and that multiple measurements of dissolved As(V) in the intestinal phase may be needed to calculate the bioaccessibility of As(V) adsorbed to ferrihydrite. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Basta, NT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM beak.1@osu.edu; basta.4@osu.edu; Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov; straina@ucmerced.edu RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1364 EP 1370 DI 10.1021/es0516413 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700043 PM 16572798 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Edney, EO AF Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Jaoui, Mohammed Lewandowski, Michael Edney, Edward O. TI Thermal properties of secondary organic aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; VAPOR-PRESSURES; AIR-POLLUTION; EVAPORATION RATES; ACID AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; GLYOXAL AB Volume concentrations of steady-state secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were measured in several hydrocarbon/NOx irradiation experiments after passing through a constant temperature heated tube. Higher temperatures resulted in greater loss of particle volume. Negatives of the measured effective enthalpies of vaporization (Delta H-vap,eff(25-300)) for SOA range from 11 to 44 kJ mol(-1), and depend upon the reactant hydrocarbon (alpha-pinene, toluene, or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene). Significant negative correlations between Delta H-vap,ef(f25-300) and [NOx] are observed for SOA formed from alpha-pinene or toluene. The Delta H-vap,eff(25-300) of SOA formed in the photooxidation of toluene is similar to that generated by the nebulization of glyoxal, indicating that the oligomers formed by nebulizing glyoxal may represent a surrogate for the chemical mixture formed in toluene photooxidation. These laboratory measurements suggest that the thermodynamic behavior of SOA depends upon the reactant hydrocarbon mixture and NOx concentration. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Offenberg, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM offenberg.john@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 16 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 AR L03816 DI 10.1029/2005GL024623 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 065ZP UT WOS:000239199300001 ER PT J AU Tuccillo, ME AF Tuccillo, ME TI Size fractionation of metals in runoff from residential and highway storm sewers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE stormwater; copper; zinc; size fractionation; colloids; dissolved metals ID HEAVY-METALS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; WATER-QUALITY; SEDIMENT; COLLOIDS; COPPER; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT AB Stormwater sampling for particulate, colloidal, and dissolved metals was conducted for several storms at six outfalls in Monmouth County, NJ. Samples were initially sequentially filtered through 5 mu m, 0.45 mu m, and 10 kDa filters. Of the heavy metals, Cu and Zn were mostly either dissolved (< 10 kDa) (20-100%) or in the particulate size fractions > 5 mu m (0-70%). Pb and Cr were associated exclusively with particles > 5 mu m in size. Fe, Al, and Si were found mostly in larger size fractions (> 70%), with smaller amounts 0.45-5 gm in size. Preliminary data from a small set of samples passed through coarser filters suggested that metals may actually be largely associated with particles larger than 20 mu m. Variable and sometimes large dissolved fractions of Cu and Zn can contribute to erratic metals removal by structural best management practices (e.g., wet ponds, detention basins). The size fractionation of stormwater constituents has implications for the design and performance of stormwater control structures and the aquatic toxicity risks posed by the metals. The results demonstrate the importance of obtaining particle size data when planning stormwater treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tuccillo, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM metuccillo@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 45 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014VM UT WOS:000235508500025 PM 15896825 ER PT J AU Donohue, M Wei, W Wu, JF Zawia, NH Hud, N De Jesus, V Schmechel, D Hettick, JM Beezhold, DH Vesper, S AF Donohue, M Wei, W Wu, JF Zawia, NH Hud, N De Jesus, V Schmechel, D Hettick, JM Beezhold, DH Vesper, S TI Characterization of nigerlysin (c), hemolysin produced by Aspergillus niger, and effect on mouse neuronal cells in vitro SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus niger; nigerlysin; hemolysin; neuronal cells ID PROTEIN AB Aspergillus niger produced a proteinaceous hemolysin, nigerlysin (c) when incubated on sheep's blood agar (SBA) at both 23 and 37 degrees C. Nigerlysin was purified from tryptic soy broth (TSB) culture filtrate and found to have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 3.45. Nigerlysin is heat stable up to 65 degrees C but unstable at 75 degrees C when incubated for 10 min. Circular dichroic analysis revealed that nigerlysin has an alpha helical structure. Exposure of mouse primary cortical neuronal cells to 0.1 mu g ml(-1) of nigerlysin resulted in the rapid loss of their viability, approximately 50% in 24h. The IC50 is estimated to be 0.037 mu g ml(-1), or between 0.034 and 0.041 mu g ml(-1) at the 95% confidence level. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biostat, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 219 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.11.013 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 011WQ UT WOS:000235299700016 PM 16338047 ER PT J AU Gilmour, PS Nyska, A Schladweiler, MC McGee, JK Wallenborn, JG Richards, JH Kodavanti, UP AF Gilmour, PS Nyska, A Schladweiler, MC McGee, JK Wallenborn, JG Richards, JH Kodavanti, UP TI Cardiovascular and blood coagulative effects of pulmonary zinc exposure SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute lung injury; zinc; blood coagulation; cardiovascular injury; particulate matter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; METAL FUME FEVER; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMPROMISED RATS; TISSUE FACTOR; TIME-COURSE; PARTICLES; MATTER AB Cardiovascular damage induced by pulmonary exposure to environmental chemicals can result from direct action or, secondarily from pulmonary injury. We have developed a rat model of pulmonary exposure to zinc to demonstrate cardiac, coagulative, and fibrinolytic alterations. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were instilled intratracheally with saline or zinc Sulfate, 131 mu g-/kR (2 mu mol/ka); the alterations were determined at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h postexposure. High-close zinc enabled us to show changes in circulating levels of zinc above normal and induce significant pulmonary inflammation/injury such that cardiac impairments were likely. At 1-24 h postexposure.. plasma levels of zinc increased to nearly 20% above the base line. Significant pulmonary inflammation and injury were determined by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histopathology in zinc-exposed rats at all time points. Starting at 4 h postexposure., pulmonary damage was accompanied by persistently increased gene expressions of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), but not thrombomodulin (TM). Cardiac tissues demonstrated similar temporal increases in expressions of TF, PAI-1. and TM mRNA following pulmonary instillation of zinc. In contrast to extensive pulmonary edema and inflammation, only mild, and focal acute, myocardial lesions developed in a few zinc-exposed rats; no histological evidence showed increased deposition of fibrin or disappearance of troponin. At 24 and 48 h postexposure to zinc, increases occurred in levels of systemic fibrinogen and the activated partial thromboplastin time. These data suggest that cardiovascular blood coagulation impairments are likely following pulmonary zinc exposure and associated Pulmonary injury and inflammation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pulm Toxicol Branch, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.06.002 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 015SX UT WOS:000235572300005 PM 16005037 ER PT J AU Nadif, R Mintz, M Rivas-Fuentes, S Jedlicka, A Lavergne, E Rodero, M Kauffmann, F Combadiere, C Kleeberger, SR AF Nadif, R Mintz, M Rivas-Fuentes, S Jedlicka, A Lavergne, E Rodero, M Kauffmann, F Combadiere, C Kleeberger, SR TI Polymorphisms in chemokine and chemokine receptor genes and the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE chemokines; interaction; occupational exposure; pneumoconiosis; polymorphism ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; NEAR-FATAL ASTHMA; REGULATORY REGION; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; JAPANESE POPULATION; LUNG INFLAMMATION; CHINESE CHILDREN; RANTES GENE AB Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of inflammation and may participate in the lung fibrotic process. Associations of polymorphisms in CCL5 (G-403A) and its receptor CCR5 (Delta 32), CCL2 (A-2578G) and CCR2 (V641), and CX3CR1 V2491 and T280M with coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) were investigated in 209 miners examined in 1990, 1994 and 1999. Coal dust exposure was assessed by job history and ambient measures. The main health outcome was lung computed tomography (CT) score in 1990. Internal coherence was assessed by studying CT score in 1994, 4-year change in CT score, and CWP prevalence in 1999. CCR5 Delta 32 carriers had significantly higher CT score in 1990 and 1994 (2.15 vs. 1.28, p = 0.01; 3.04 vs. 1.80, p = 0.04). The CX3CR1 1249 allele was significantly associated with lower 1990 CT score and lower progression in 4-year change in CT score in CCR5 Delta 32 carriers only (p for interaction = 0.03 and 0.02). CX3CR1 V2491 was associated with lower 1999 CWP prevalence (16.7%, 13.2%, 0.0% for VV, VI and II); the effect was most evident ill miners with high dust exposure (31.6%, 21.7%, 0.0%). Our findings indicate that chemokine receptors CCR5 and CX3CR1 may be involved in the development of pneumoconiosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 INSERM, U472, IFR69, F-94807 Villejuif, France. Univ Paris Sud, Fac Med, IFR69, Villejuif, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. INSERM, U543, Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere, IFR113, Paris, France. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nadif, R (reprint author), INSERM, U472, IFR69, 16 Ave Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-94807 Villejuif, France. EM nadif@vjf.inserm.fr RI rodero, mathieu/C-8083-2011; Combadiere, Christophe/I-5639-2013; Nadif, Rachel/R-2876-2016 OI rodero, mathieu/0000-0002-1300-0187; Combadiere, Christophe/0000-0002-1755-4531; Nadif, Rachel/0000-0003-4938-9339 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-09606, P01 ES009606] NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD FEB 7 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.01.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 027VP UT WOS:000236444200008 PM 16524739 ER PT J AU Sundberg, SE Ellington, JJ Evans, JJ AF Sundberg, SE Ellington, JJ Evans, JJ TI A simple and fast extraction method for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in small volumes of avian serum SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE serum; polychlorinated biphenyls; organochlorine pesticides; SPE; urea; Oasis (R) ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLE CLEANUP; BINDING; CONGENERS; BLOOD AB A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed using 8 M urea to desorb and extract organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from avian serum for analysis by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The analytes were efficiently extracted from the denatured serum-lipoprotein-analyte complex by one passage through an Oasis (R) hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced (HLB) SPE cartridge. No further clean-up was necessary, the entire extraction procedure and GC-ECD analysis can be accomplished in less than 3 h. Serum Volumes ranged from 100 mu L to 1 mL with absolute recoveries of 90-101 % for PCBs and 74% to 101 % for the OC pesticides. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ellington, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ellington.jackson@epa.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 2 PY 2006 VL 831 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.037 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 011JG UT WOS:000235263800015 PM 16356791 ER PT J AU Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Carlson, J Gordon, CJ AF Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Carlson, J Gordon, CJ TI Effects of chronic exercise conditioning on thermal responses to lipopolysaccharide and turpentine abscess in female rats SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IN-CORE TEMPERATURE; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; ENDOTOXIN FEVER; INTERLEUKIN-6; ELEVATION; CYTOKINES; CHLORPYRIFOS; PYROGEN AB Chronic exercise conditioning has been shown to alter basal thermoregulatory processes as well as the response to inflammatory agents. Two such agents, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and turpentine (TPT) are inducers of fever in rats. LPS, given intraperitoneally (i.p.), involves a systemic inflammatory response whereas TPT given intramuscularly (i.m.) elicits a localized inflammation. We assessed if chronic exercise training in the rat would alter the thermoregulatory response to LPS and TPT. Core temperature (T-c) and motor activity were monitored by radiotelemetry. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups (trained and sedentary) and housed at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. Animals voluntarily trained on running wheels for 8 weeks. In the first study, trained and sedentary female rats were injected i.p. with LPS (50 mu g/kg) or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline. In another study, trained and sedentary female rats were injected i.m. with TPT (10 mu l)/rat or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline. The time course of the LPS fever was very short compared to TPT. TPT injected animals displayed a smaller but more prolonged fever compared to LPS; however, training accentuated the febrile response to LPS (Delta T-c = 0.6 degrees C in sedentary and 1.2 degrees C in trained). Training had a slight suppression on TPT-induced fever during the daytime but had no effect on motor activity or nighttime T-c. In contrast, exercise training led to a marked increase in the pyrogenic effects of LPS. We conclude that the effect of exercise training and source of infection (i.e., systemic versus localized in muscle) on fever is directly linked to type of pyrogenic agent. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Div Acute & Long Term Care Nursing 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rowsey, PJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pjrowsey@unc.edu FU NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR004920, 5-R01-NR04920] NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s00204-005-0036-2 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 004KR UT WOS:000234752200004 PM 16254718 ER PT J AU Dhammapala, R Claiborn, C Corkill, J Gullett, B AF Dhammapala, R Claiborn, C Corkill, J Gullett, B TI Particulate emissions from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burning in eastern Washington and northern Idaho SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; emission factor; combustion efficiency; carbon mass balance; emission ratio ID AIR-POLLUTION; SMOKE; ASTHMA; WASTE AB The PM2.5 emission factors (EF) in smoke from post-harvest wheat and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) stubble burning were quantified in the United States Environmental Protection Agency test burn facility. The PM2.5 EFs from high and low combustion efficiency (CE) wheat burns were 0.8 +/- 0.4 and 4.7 +/- 0.4 g kg(-1), respectively, and decreased with increasing CE. While these EFs are generally in agreement with literature, it is difficult to compare the PM2.5 EFs from KBG burns (12.1 +/- 1.4 g kg(-1)) due to the scarcity of published data. Wheat burns conducted with randomly piled stubble resulted in PM2.5 EFs different to those where the stubble was oriented as found in the field post harvest. Two separate methods for estimating EFs were employed and found to be in good agreement. The carbon in the biomass was almost quantitatively accounted for by measuring CO2, CO, total hydrocarbons (THC) and PM2.5 emissions. The PM2.5/CO emission ratios for wheat (0.05 +/- 0.01) agree with literature data, while the same ratio for KBG (0.23 +/- 0.02) was slightly higher than data reported. These ratios exhibit low dependence on CE and can be used to predict the level of one pollutant in a plume, when the concentration of the other is known. Wheat and KBG fields in 18 counties of eastern Washington and northern Idaho are burned on less than a tenth of the days of the year. Yet the fires were estimated to have produced between 0.04% and 34.5% of the total PM2.5 and CO emissions within the respective counties, during 2002. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dhammapala, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM chersd@wsu.edu NR 38 TC 45 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.018 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018SJ UT WOS:000235784800001 ER PT J AU Zein, MM Pinto, PX Garcia-Blanco, S Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Zein, MM Pinto, PX Garcia-Blanco, S Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Treatment of groundwater contaminated with PAHs, gasoline hydrocarbons, and methyl tert-butyl ether in a laboratory biomass-retaining bioreactor SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; BTEX; MtBE; PAHs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 2-PHASE PARTITIONING BIOREACTOR; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; MTBE BIODEGRADATION; SPHINGOMONAS SP; BED REACTOR; DEGRADATION; BTEX AB In this study, we investigated the treatability of co-mingled groundwater contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), gasoline hydrocarbons, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) using an ex-situ aerobic biotreatment system. The PAHs of interest were naphthalene, methyl-naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, and carbazole. The gasoline hydrocarbons included benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). Two porous pot reactors were operated for a period of 10 months under the same influent contaminant concentrations. The contaminated groundwater was introduced into the reactors at a flow rate of 4 and 9 l/day, resulting in a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 32 and 15 h, respectively. In both reactors, high removal efficiencies were achieved for the PAHs (> 99%), BTEX and MtBE (> 99.7%). All the PAHs of interest and the four BTEX compounds were detected at concentrations less than 1 mu g/l throughout the study duration. Effluent MtBE from both reactors was observed at higher levels; nevertheless, its concentration was lower than the 5 mu g/l Drinking Water Advisory for MtBE implemented in California. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu OI Pinto, Patricio/0000-0002-7840-457X NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10532-005-3049-x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 009NO UT WOS:000235119000007 PM 16453172 ER PT J AU Adgent, MA AF Adgent, MA TI Environmental tobacco smoke and sudden infant death syndrome: A review SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE SIDS; sudden infant death; environmental tobacco smoke; hypoxia; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; nicotine; cotinine ID PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE; HUMAN PLACENTAL COTYLEDON; PASSIVE SMOKING; MATERNAL SMOKING; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FETAL EXPOSURE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; NEONATAL HAIR; CAROTID-BODY; RISK-FACTORS AB Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), containing the developmental neurotoxicant, nicotine, is a prevalent component of indoor air pollution. Despite a strong association with active maternal smoking and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), information on the risk of SIDS due to prenatal and postnatal ETS exposure is relatively inconsistent. This literature review begins with a discussion and critique of existing epidemiologic data pertaining to ETS and SIDS. It then explores the biologic plausibility of this association, with comparison of the known association between active maternal smoking and SIDS, by examining metabolic and placental transfer issues associated with nicotine, and the biologic responses and mechanisms that may follow exposure to nicotine. Evidence indicates that prenatal and postnatal exposures to nicotine do occur from ETS exposure, but that the level of exposure is often substantially less than levels induced by active maternal smoking. Nicotine also has the capacity to concentrate in the fetus, regardless of exposure source. Experimental animal studies show that various doses of nicotine are capable of affecting a neonate's response to hypoxic conditions, a process thought to be related to SIDS outcomes. Mechanisms contributing to deficient hypoxia response include the ability of nicotine to act as a cholinergic stimulant through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding. The need for future research to investigate nicotine exposure and effects from non-maternal tobacco smoke sources in mid to late gestation is emphasized, along with a need to discourage smoking around both pregnant women and infants. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 77:69-85, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Adgent, MA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,MC 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM adgent.margaret@epa.gov NR 90 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 1 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20068 PG 17 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 021VU UT WOS:000236014800008 PM 16496293 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, AD Brixey, LA Wiener, RW AF Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, AD Brixey, LA Wiener, RW TI Short-term dispersion of indoor aerosols: can it be assumed the room is well mixed? SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosols; computational fluid dynamics; dispersion; indoor air quality; mixing time; turbulent mixing ID BLUFF-BODIES; MODEL ROOM; AIR-FLOW; POLLUTANT; WAKES; PREDICTION; CONVECTION; TURBULENCE; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT AB Monitoring of aerosols is typically performed over 3 h to diurnal time scales for outdoor concentration levels and 15 min to 8 h scales indoors. At these scales, concentration is assumed to be well mixed with little spatio-temporal variability around the sampler. Less attention has been given to the potential for acute exposure to contaminants during the initial minutes after a point-source release, where point-wise concentrations may greatly exceed the well-mixed conditions. Here, we seek to demonstrate that the commonly used well-mixed assumption is flawed in the first minutes after a contaminant is released because point-wise concentration levels are initially highly non-uniform and are influenced by turbulent structures caused by the presence of obstacles in the room. This assumption was examined by releasing 3 pm aerosols in a test room with HEPA filter ventilation and by varying controlled conditions of room furnishings (furnished vs. unfurnished) and contaminant release locations (at the inlet vent or under a desk). For each experiment, aerosol concentrations were measured simultaneously at seven locations by nephelometry. Complementary computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to lend confidence to the experiments and to provide detailed pictures of the velocity and particle concentration profiles. The experimental and numerical results corroborated the hypothesis. For both release locations in the furnished room, a completely well-mixed condition did not occur 600 s after the release, and aerosol dispersion was dictated by the turbulent airflow pattern. For the empty room, there was significantly less spatial variability in the point-wise measured concentrations after 300 s than for the furnished room. This information may aid in evaluating the potential for occupant exposure to aerosolized hazardous substances and in supporting optimization of detector placement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM richmond-bryant.jennifer@epa.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.12.016 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 989ZX UT WOS:000233714000009 ER PT J AU Greenwood, JL Rosemond, AD AF Greenwood, JL Rosemond, AD TI Periphyton response to long-term nutrient enrichment in a shaded headwater stream (vol 62, pg 2033, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Greenwood, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM greenwood.jennifer@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 469 EP 469 DI 10.1139/F05-255 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010XT UT WOS:000235232000021 ER PT J AU Adams, DJ Wahl, ML Flowers, JL Sen, B Colvin, M Dewhirst, MW Manikumar, G Wani, MC AF Adams, DJ Wahl, ML Flowers, JL Sen, B Colvin, M Dewhirst, MW Manikumar, G Wani, MC TI Camptothecin analogs with enhanced activity against human breast cancer cells. II. Impact of the tumor pH gradient SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Camptothecin; pH gradient; breast cancer; drug development; microarray ID HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA; DNA TOPOISOMERASE-I; CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC-AGENTS; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; INTRACELLULAR PH; EXTRACELLULAR PH; ACID PH; OXYGENATION; STABILITY; DRUGS AB Human breast tumors often exist in an acidic and hypoxic microenvironment, which can promote resistance to radiation and chemotherapies. A tumor-selective pH gradient arises in these tumors which favors uptake and retention of drugs like camptothecin that are weak acids. We evaluated the effect of alkyl substitutions at the 7 position in seven CPTs with varying groups at the 10 position on modulation by acidic extracellular pH in three human breast cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition was assessed by propidium iodide staining of nucleic acids in human breast cancer cells cultured at either extracellular pH 6.8 or 7.4 that were (1) hormone-sensitive (MCF-7/wt), (2) hormone insensitive (MDA-MB-231), or (3) alkylator-resistant (MCF-7/4-hc). Over 10-fold pH modulation was observed in 7-halomethyl analogs of methylenedioxy-CPT and in 7-alkyl analogs of 10-amino-CPT. Of 39 analogs tested, the overall pattern of activity across breast tumor cell lines was similar with some notable exceptions. For example, 7-propyl-10-amino-CPT was modulated 16- to 20-fold by acidic extracellular pH in the MCF-7 cell lines, but only 6-fold in MDA-MB-231 cells. One mechanism that can contribute to pH modulation is enhanced cellular drug uptake and retention. In MCF-7/wt cells, uptake of 10-amino-CPT increased 4-fold, while retention increased over 10-fold at acidic extracellular pH. In addition, gene expression analysis of MCF-7/wt cells indicated that expression of a number of genes changed under acidic culture conditions, including down-regulation of the CPT efflux protein pump breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Interestingly, expression of topoisomerase I, the molecular target of CPT, was not affected by acidic growth conditions. These results highlight the importance of maintaining key features of tumor physiology in cell culture models used to study cancer biology and to discover and develop new anticancer drugs. While several substitutions at the 7 and 10 positions enhance potency, 7-halomethyl and 10-amino CPT analogs show selective activity at the acidic pH common to the microenvironment of most solid tumors. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Adams, DJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2638 Res Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM adams041@mc.duke.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [UO1 CA68697-02, CA-56690] NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00280-005-0008-5 PG 10 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 992HH UT WOS:000233874500002 PM 16001167 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Reilly, TP Bourdi, M Hays, T Pise-Masison, CA Radonovich, MF Brady, JN Dix, DJ Pohl, LR AF Welch, KD Reilly, TP Bourdi, M Hays, T Pise-Masison, CA Radonovich, MF Brady, JN Dix, DJ Pohl, LR TI Genomic identification of potential risk factors during acetaminophen-induced liver disease in susceptible and resistant strains of mice SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-PROTEIN INDUCTION; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; MACROPHAGE-MIGRATION; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; KUPFFER CELLS; GENE-PRODUCT; MOUSE-LIVER; IFN-GAMMA; RAT-LIVER AB Drug-induced liver disease (DILD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality and impair new drug development. Mounting evidence suggests that DILD is a complex, multifactorial disease in which no one factor is likely to be an absolute indicator of susceptibility. As an approach to better understand the multifactorial basis of DILD, we recently compared the hepatic proteomes of mice that were resistant (SJL) and susceptible (C57B1/6) to APAP-induced liver disease (AILD) wherein we identified potential risk factors and mechanistic pathways responsible for DILD. In this study, we have uncovered additional potential risk factors by comparing hepatic mRNA expression profiles of the same two strains of mice with that of SJLxB6-F1 hybrid (F1) mice, which were found to be of intermediate susceptibility to AILD. Global hepatic gene expression profiling over a 24 h period following APAP treatment revealed elevated patterns in the mRNA expression of cytoprotective genes in resistant SJL mice as compared to susceptible 136 mice, while 171 mice had intermediate mRNA expression levels of these genes. One of these genes encoded for heat shock protein (HSP) 70 whose relative protein expression among the three strains of mice was found to parallel that of their mRNA levels, suggesting that this protein had a protective role against AILD. However, there was no difference in the susceptibility of HSP70 knockout (KO) mice to AILD as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. There were also protoxicant genes, such as osteopontin (OPN), with elevated mRNA expression levels in the 136 mice as compared to the SJL mice and with intermediate levels in the F1 mice, suggesting that they may play a role in exacerbating liver injury after APAP treatment. In support of this hypothesis, OPN KO mice were found to be more resistant to AILD than WT mice. Additionally, the results from both the proteomic and the genomic studies were compared. The two approaches were found to be complementary to each other and not simply overlapping. Our findings suggest that comparative gene expression analysis of susceptible and resistant mouse strains may lead to the identification of factors that could have a role in determining the susceptibility of individuals to DILD. C1 NHLBI, Mol & Cellular Toxicol Sect, Lab Mol Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Cellular Oncol Lab, Virus Tumor Biol Sect,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Canc Res,NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), NHLBI, Mol & Cellular Toxicol Sect, Lab Mol Immunol, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM WelchKD@nhibi.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 61 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1021/tx050285z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 015XM UT WOS:000235584800005 PM 16485898 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Walker, HA AF Cronin, T. M. Walker, H. A. TI Restoring coastal ecosystems and abrupt climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OF-MEXICO HYPOXIA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER-BALANCE; FLORIDA BAY; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION C1 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-9029-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056RV UT WOS:000238543700001 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC AF Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC TI A variance-decomposition approach to investigating multiscale habitat associations SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; logistic regression; multicollinearity; nest site; scale statistical analysis; variance decomposition ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; SITE SELECTION; WOODLANDS; SCALE; USA AB The recognition of the importance of spatial scale in ecology has led many researchers to take multiscale approaches to studying habitat associations. However, few of the studies that investigate habitat associations at multiple spatial scales have considered the potential effects of cross-scale correlations in measured habitat variables. When cross-scale correlations in such studies are strong, conclusions drawn about the relative strength of habitat associations at different spatial scales may be inaccurate. Here we adapt and demonstrate an analytical technique based on variance decomposition for quantifying the influence of cross-scale correlations on multiscale habitat associations. We used the technique to quantify the variation in nest-site locations of Red-naped Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) and Northern Flickers (Coloptes auratus) associated with habitat descriptors at three spatial scales. We demonstrate how the method can be used to identify components of variation that are associated only with factors at a single spatial scale as well as shared components of variation that represent cross-scale correlations. Despite the fact that no explanatory variables in our models were highly correlated (r < 0.60), we found that shared components of variation reflecting cross-scale correlations accounted for roughly half of the deviance explained by the models. These results highlight the importance of both conducting habitat analyses at multiple spatial scales and of quantifying the effects of cross-scale correlations in such analyses. Given the limits of conventional analytical techniques, we recommend alternative methods, such as the variance-decomposition technique demonstrated here, for analyzing habitat associations at multiple spatial scales. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov NR 38 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0047:AVATIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000005 ER PT J AU Battin, J Lawler, JJ AF Battin, J Lawler, JJ TI Cross-scale correlations and the design and analysis of avian habitat selection studies SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE classification tree analysis; collinearity; correlation; habitat selection; hierarchy; nest-site selection; variance decomposition ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE SELECTION; ECOLOGY; REGRESSION; WOODLANDS; USA AB It has long been suggested that birds select habitat hierarchically, progressing from coarser to finer spatial scales. This hypothesis, in conjunction with the realization that many organisms likely respond to environmental patterns at multiple spatial scales, has led to a large number of avian habitat studies that have attempted to quantify habitat associations at multiple scales. Typically, multiscale habitat selection studies involve the assessment of habitat selection separately at two or more scales. Until recently, these studies have ignored the potential for cross-scale correlations: correlations among habitat variables across scales. If environmental patterns are correlated across the scales being analyzed, researchers using traditional analytical methods may reach erroneous conclusions about the presence or strength of habitat associations at a given scale. We discuss the ways in which cross-scale correlations manifest themselves in two types of habitat selection studies: (1) "constrained" designs that assume a hierarchical ordering of habitat selection decisions, and (2) "unconstrained" designs, which do not assume such a selection process. We demonstrate approaches for quantifying and modeling cross-scale correlations, including a simulation model, a variance decomposition technique, and a hierarchical modeling approach based on classification tree analysis. We conclude that cross-scale correlations have the potential to affect data interpretation in all types of habitat selection studies and that, even with careful attention to experimental design and the application of newly developed statistical techniques, it is likely their effects cannot be eliminated. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Battin, J (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM james.battin@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0059:CCATDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000006 ER PT J AU Culver, DC Deharveng, L Bedos, A Lewis, JJ Madden, M Reddell, JR Sket, B Trontelj, P White, D AF Culver, DC Deharveng, L Bedos, A Lewis, JJ Madden, M Reddell, JR Sket, B Trontelj, P White, D TI The mid-latitude biodiversity ridge in terrestrial cave fauna SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB The world's obligate cave-dwelling fauna holds considerable promise for biogeographic analysis because it represents a large number of independent evolutionary experiments in isolation in caves and adaptation to subterranean life. We focus on seven north temperate regions of at least 2000 km(2), utilizing more than 4300 records of obligate cave-dwelling terrestrial invertebrates. In North America, highest diversity was found in northeast Alabama while in Europe highest diversity was found in Ariege, France, and in southeast Slovenia. Based on these regions as well as more qualitative data from 16 other regions, we hypothesize that a ridge (ca 42 degrees-46 degrees in Europe and 34 degrees in North America) of high biodiversity occurs in temperate areas of high productivity and cave density. This may reflect a strong dependence of cave communities on long term surface productivity (as reflected in actual evapotranspiration), because the subterranean fauna relies almost entirely on resources produced outside caves. This dependence may explain the unique biodiversity pattern of terrestrial cave invertebrates. C1 American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 5202, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. Lewis & Associates, Borden, IN 47106 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mem Museum, Austin, TX 78705 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP American Univ, Dept Biol, 4400 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dculver@american.edu RI Deharveng, Louis/D-7275-2012 NR 53 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009GN UT WOS:000235099900013 ER PT J AU Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Zaroogian, GE Horowitz, DJB Gleason, TR Mills, LJ AF Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Zaroogian, GE Horowitz, DJB Gleason, TR Mills, LJ TI Individual effects of estrogens on a marine fish, Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), extrapolated to the population level SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE 17 alpha -ethynylestradiol; population projection; estrogen; endocrine disruptor; reproduction; Cunner ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; EXPOSURE; IDENTIFICATION; ELASTICITY; WILDLIFE; WALBAUM; TROUT; WATER AB Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment may alter the population dynamics of wildlife by affecting reproductive output. This study describes a matrix modeling approach to link laboratory studies on endocrine disruption with potential ecological effects. The experimental model used is cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), which inhabit estuarine and marine areas where sewage treatment and other discharges containing estrogenic EDCs are likely. To test the effects of estrogenic exposures on fecundity, reproductively active cunner were exposed in three separate experiments by implanting 17 beta-estradiol, estrone, or 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol subcutaneously in a slow-release matrix at 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg. Egg production per gram female and egg viability were determined daily for a 1-week preexposure period and then for a 2-week exposure period. The mean number of eggs produced per gram female and egg viability (%) were calculated for the initial preexposure period and the 2-week exposure period for each experiment. Significant changes were observed in egg production per gram female in the high-17 beta-estradiol treatment (P = 0.07) and high-17 alpha-ethynylestradiol treatment (P = 0.04). A significant increase was observed in egg viability (%) in the low-17 alpha-ethynylestradiol treatment (39.0%; P <= 0.05). Cunner population response was projected using an age-structured matrix population model parameterized with published survival and fecundity estimates. By incorporating reproductive response data from laboratory exposures, model projections were used to describe how reproductive changes by estrogen treatment could alter cunner population growth rate Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Gutjahr-Gobell, RE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM gobell.ruth@epa.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.05.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 013RE UT WOS:000235426100008 PM 16029894 ER PT J AU Hu, C Zhang, TC Kendrick, D Huang, YH Dahab, MF Surampalli, R AF Hu, C Zhang, TC Kendrick, D Huang, YH Dahab, MF Surampalli, R TI Muskegon wastewater land treatment system: Fate and transport of phosphorus in soils and life expectancy of the system SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (ICEST) CY JAN, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA ID PHOSPHATE-TRANSPORT; KINETICS; MODEL; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB The build-up of phosphorus (P) in soil is a major factor limiting the operating life of a wastewater land treatment system. In this study, effects of long-term wastewater application on changes in chemical properties. P profiles. and P adsorption capacity were evaluated in soils of the Muskegon wastewater land treatment plant that has been treating, wastewater for > 30 years. Results indicate that the major soil properties have been changed. In the 15 cm topsoil. the pH increased from similar to 5-6 in 1973 to similar to 7.4-7.8 in 2003; the soil's total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 10-71%; and the level of exchangeable Ca in 2003 is 8-9 times higher than that in 1973. The amount of Ca/Mg absorbed in the soil affects the P adsorption capability of the soil; Ca- and Mg-bound P accounts for > 70 % of the total P adsorbed in the soil. The net P accumulated in the Rubicon soil increased from -700 in 1.993 to similar to 1345 kg/ha soil in 2001, but the plant available P varied between similar to 100-500 kg/ha soil during the same period, indicating a large amount of the applied P has become the fixed P that is unavailable to plants. P sorption in the soil consists of a fast adsorption and a slow transformation process. The soil's maximum P sorption capacity (P-max) (based on 1-day isotherm tests) has been increased by similar to 2-4 times since 1973-, the actual P-max of the Muskegon soils could be much higher than the 1-day P-max. Therefore the life expectancy of the Muskegon system has been extended significantly with the application of wastewater. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68582 USA. Muskegon Wastewater Treatment Plant, Muskegon, MI 49442 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Zhang, TC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68582 USA. EM tzhang@unomaha.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1002/elsc.200620118 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 025KG UT WOS:000236264000002 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM AF Schreinemachers, DM TI Mortality from ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus (type 2) in four US wheat-producing states: A hypothesis-generating study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chlorophenoxy herbicides; clofibrate; coronary atherosclerosis; C-reactive protein; diabetes; ischemic heart disease; myocardial infarction ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; PAPER-MILL WORKERS; CANCER-MORTALITY; INTERNATIONAL COHORT; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; RISK-FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIOXIN AB In this ecologic study I examined ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes mortality in rural agricultural counties of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, in association with environmental exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, using wheat acreage as a surrogate exposure. I collected data on agricultural land use and 1979-1998 mortality from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites, respectively. Counties were grouped based on percentage of land area dedicated to wheat farming. Poisson relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing high- and medium-with low-wheat counties, were obtained for IHD, the subcategories acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), and diabetes, adjusting for sex, age, mortality cohort, and poverty index. Mortality from IHD was modestly increased (RR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12). Analyses of its two major forms were more revealing. Compared with low-wheat counties, mortality in high-wheat counties from AMI increased (RR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.26), and mortality from CAS decreased (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96). Mortality from AMI was more pronounced for those < 65 years of age (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.22-1.39). Mortality from type 2 diabetes increased (RR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24). These results suggest that the underlying cause of mortality from AMI and type 2 diabetes increased and the underlying cause of mortality from CAS decreased in counties where a large proportion of the land area is dedicated to spring and durum wheat farming. Firm conclusions on causal inference cannot be reached until more definitive studies have been conducted. C1 US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schreinemachers, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schreinemachers.dina@epa.gov NR 63 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1289/ehp.8352 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 010VP UT WOS:000235226300036 PM 16451853 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Egeghy, PP Leovic, KW Akland, GG AF Hubal, EAC Egeghy, PP Leovic, KW Akland, GG TI Measuring potential dermal transfer of a pesticide to children in a child care center SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; dermal exposure assessment; dermal-transfer coefficients; FQPA; pesticide exposure ID INDOOR FOGGER USE; INTERIM-REPORT; EXPOSURE AB Currently, the major determinants of children's exposure to pesticides are not fully understood, and approaches for measuring and assessing dermal exposure in a residential setting have not been sufficiently evaluated. In one approach, dermal exposure is estimated using empirically derived transfer coefficients. To assess the feasibility of using this approach for assessing children's exposure to pesticides, we conducted a study was conducted in a child care center that had a preexisting contract with a pest control service for regular monthly pesticide applications. Children in the selected child care center were monitored using full-body cotton garments to measure dermal loading. Pesticide residues on classroom surfaces were measured in the areas where the children spent time. Measured surface-wipe loadings ranged from 0.47 to 120 ng/cm(2), and total garment loadings ranged from 0.5 to 660 pg/cm(2). The garment and surface loading measurements were used to calculate dermal-transfer coefficients for use in assessing children's residential exposure to pesticides. Dermal-transfer coefficients calculated using these data range from approximately 10 to 6,000 cm(2)/hr. The wide range in these values demonstrates the importance of developing standard surface-measurement protocols if this approach is to be used to assess dermal exposure in a residential environment. The upper-range values resulting from this study were found to be similar to the default value used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to assess children's dermal exposures resulting from contact with indoor surfaces. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Mail Drop B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1289/ehp.8283 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 010VP UT WOS:000235226300048 ER PT J AU Fraser, DA Gaydos, JK Karlsen, E Rylko, MS AF Fraser, DA Gaydos, JK Karlsen, E Rylko, MS TI Collaborative science, policy development and program implementation in the transboundary Georgia Basin/Puget Sound ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Georgia Basin; governance; population growth; puget sound; regional partnerships; science in support of decision-making; sustainability; transboundary institutions; urban sprawl AB The transboundary Georgia Basin Puget Sound ecosystem is situated in the southwest corner of British Columbia and northwest comer of Washington State. While bountiful and beautiful, this international region is facing significant threats to its marine and freshwater resources, air quality, habitats and species. These environmental challenges are compounded by rapid population growth and attendant uiban sprawl. As ecosystem stresses amplified and partnerships formed around possible solutions, it became increasingly clear that the shared sustainability challenges in the Georgia Basin and Puget Sound required shared solutions. Federal, state and provincial institutional arrangements were made between jurisdictions, which formalized small scale interest in transboundary management of this ecosystem. Formal agreements, however, can only do so much to further management of an ecosystem that spans international boarders. A transboundary regional research meeting, the 2003 GB/PS Research Conference, opened the doors for large-scale informal cross-boarder cooperation and management. In addition to cooperation, continued efforts to stem toxic pollution, contain urban growth, and protect and restore ecosystems, require a commitment from scientists, educators and policy makers to better integrate research and science with decision-making. C1 Environm Canada, Pacific & Yukon Reg, Vancouver, BC, Canada. SeaDoc Soc, UC Davis Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA USA. US EPA, Reg 10, Off Ecosyst Tribal & Publ Affairs, Seattle, WA USA. British Columbia Minist Municipal Affairs, Special Projects, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Fraser, DA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Pacific & Yukon Reg, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM david.fraser@ec.gc.ca OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 NR 92 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9096-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028TM UT WOS:000236511700005 PM 16502034 ER PT J AU Anipsitakis, GP Dionysiou, DD Gonzalez, MA AF Anipsitakis, GP Dionysiou, DD Gonzalez, MA TI Cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate and sulfate radical attack on phenolic compounds. Implications of chloride ions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON ANALYZERS; ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; PEROXIDE DECOMPOSITION; RATE CONSTANTS; REACTION-RATES; OXIDATION AB The sulfate radical pathway of the room-temperature degradation of two phenolic compounds in water is reported in this study. The sulfate radicals were produced by the cobalt-mediated decomposition of peroxymonosulfate (Oxone) in an aqueous homogeneous system. The major intermediates formed from the transformation of 2,4-dichlorophenol were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenediol, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloroacetone, pentachloroacetone, and carbon tetrachloride. Those resulting from the transformation of phenol in the presence of chloride ion were 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloroacetone, and pentachloroacetone. In the absence of chloride ion, phenol transformed into 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (quinone), 1,2-benzenediol (catechol), and 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone). Several parameters were varied, and their impact on the transformation of the organic compounds is also discussed. The parameters varied were the initial concentration of the organic substrate, the dose of Oxone used, the cobalt counteranion, and in particular the impact of chloride ions and the quenching agent utilized for terminating the reaction. This is one of the very few studies dealing with intermediates formed via sulfate radical attack on phenolic compounds. It is also the first study that explores the sulfate radical mechanism of oxidation, when sulfate radicals are generated via the Co/Oxone reagent. Furthermore, it provides strong evidence on the interaction of chloride ions with sulfate radicals leading to halogenation of organics in water. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Chastain Skillman Inc, Lakeland, FL 33807 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 45 TC 258 Z9 272 U1 29 U2 201 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1007 DI 10.1021/es050634b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010WC UT WOS:000235227600062 PM 16509349 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S McKenney, CL AF Raimondo, S McKenney, CL TI From organisms to populations: Modeling aquatic toxicity data across two levels of biological organization SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE matrix models; organisms; populations; Americamysis bahia; aquatic toxicology ID COMPLETE LIFE-CYCLE; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; COMPENSATORY REPRODUCTION; BAHIA; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; PREDICTION AB A critical step in estimating the ecological effects of a toxicant is extrapolating organism-level response data across higher levels of biological organization. In the present study, the organism-to-population link is made for the mysid, Americamysis bahia, exposed to a range of concentrations of six toxicants. Organism-level responses observed were categorized as no effect, delayed reproduction, reduced overall reproduction, or both reduced overall reproduction and survival. Population multiplication rates of each toxicant concentration were obtained from matrix models developed from organism-level endpoints and placed into the four categories of organism-level responses. Rates within each category were compared with growth rates modeled for control populations. Population multiplication rates were significantly less than control growth rates only for concentrations at which overall reproduction and both reproduction and survival were significantly less than the control values on the organism level. Decomposition analysis of the significant population-level effects identified reduced reproduction as the primary contributor to a reduced population multiplication rate at all sublethal concentrations and most lethal concentrations. Mortality was the primary contributor to reduced population growth rate only when survival was less than 25% of control survival. These results suggest the importance of altered reproduction in population-level risk assessment and emphasizes the need for complete life-cycle test data to make an explicit link between the organism and population levels. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1897/05-335R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 004ZS UT WOS:000234792000035 PM 16519323 ER PT J AU Kurtz, JC Detenbeck, ND Engle, VD Ho, K Smith, LM Jordan, SJ Campbell, D AF Kurtz, JC Detenbeck, ND Engle, VD Ho, K Smith, LM Jordan, SJ Campbell, D TI Classifying coastal waters: Current necessity and historical perspective SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ESTUARIES; MODEL; LAKES; ENVIRONMENTS; FEATURES; CRITERIA AB Coastal ecosystems are ecologically and commercially valuable, productive habitats that are experiencing escalating compromises of their structural and functional integrity. The Clean Water Act (USC 1972) requires identification of impaired water bodies and determination of the causes of impairment. Classification simplifies these determinations, because estuaries within a class are more likely to respond similarly to particular stressors. We reviewed existing classification systems for their applicability to grouping coastal marine and Great Lakes water bodies based on their responses to aquatic stressors, including nutrients, toxic substances, suspended sediments, habitat alteration, and combinations of stressors. Classification research historically addressed terrestrial and freshwater habitats rather than coastal habitats. Few efforts focused on stressor response, although many well-researched classification frameworks provide information pertinent to stressor response. Early coastal classifications relied on physical and hydrological properties, including geomorphology, general circulation patterns, and salinity. More recent classifications sort ecosystems into a few broad types and may integrate physical and biological factors. Among current efforts are those designed for conservation of sensitive habitats based on ecological processes that support patterns of biological diversity. Physical factors, including freshwater inflow, residence time, and flushing rates, affect sensitivity to stressors. Biological factors, such as primary production, grazing rates, and mineral cycling, also need to be considered in classification. We evaluate each existing classification system with respect to objectives, defining factors, extent of spatial and temporal applicability, existing sources of data, and relevance to aquatic stressors. We also consider classification methods in a generic sense and discuss their strengths and weaknesses for our purposes. Although few existing classifications are based on responses to stressors, many wen-researched paradigms provide important information for improving our capabilities for classification. as an investigative and predictive management tool. C1 US EPA, GED, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, MED, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, AED, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kurtz, JC (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM kurtz.jan@epa.gov NR 76 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 107 EP 123 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 044NU UT WOS:000237680200010 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Huff, DD Hawkins, CP AF Van Sickle, J Huff, DD Hawkins, CP TI Selecting discriminant function models for predicting the expected richness of aquatic macroinvertebrates SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; expected richness; model selection; model validation; O/E model; RIVPACS ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; RUNNING-WATER SITES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; GREAT-BRITAIN; QUALITY; FAUNA; STREAMS; INTEGRITY AB 1. The predictive modelling approach to bioassessment estimates the macroinvertebrate assemblage expected at a stream site if it were in a minimally disturbed reference condition. The difference between expected and observed assemblages then measures the departure of the site from reference condition. 2. Most predictive models employ site classification, followed by discriminant function (DF) modelling, to predict the expected assemblage from a suite of environmental variables. Stepwise DF analysis is normally used to choose a single subset of DF predictor variables with a high accuracy for classifying sites. An alternative is to screen all possible combinations of predictor variables, in order to identify several 'best' subsets that yield good overall performance of the predictive model. 3. We applied best-subsets DF analysis to assemblage and environmental data from 199 reference sites in Oregon, U.S.A. Two sets of 66 best DF models containing between one and 14 predictor variables (that is, having model orders from one to 14) were developed, for five-group and 11-group site classifications. 4. Resubstitution classification accuracy of the DF models increased consistently with model order, but cross-validated classification accuracy did not improve beyond seventh or eighth-order models, suggesting that the larger models were overfitted. 5. Overall predictive model performance at model training sites, measured by the root-mean-squared error of the observed/expected species richness ratio, also improved steadily with DF model order. But high-order DF models usually performed poorly at an independent set of validation sites, another sign of model overfitting. 6. Models selected by stepwise DF analysis showed evidence of overfitting and were outperformed by several of the best-subsets models. 7. The group separation strength of a DF model, as measured by Wilks'Lambda, was more strongly correlated with overall predictive model performance at training sites than was DF classification accuracy. 8. Our results suggest improved strategies for developing reliable, parsimonious predictive models. We emphasise the value of independent validation data for obtaining a realistic picture of model performance. We also recommend assessing not just one or two, but several, candidate models based on their overall performance as well as the performance of their DF component. 9. We provide links to our free software for stepwise and best-subsets DF analysis. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Watershed Assessment Sect, Portland, OR USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed Earth Resources, Western Ctr Monitoring Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansickle.john@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008; Huff, David/A-8166-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248; Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01487.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 003FT UT WOS:000234667900013 ER PT J AU Compton, JE Andersen, CP Phillips, DL Brooks, JR Johnson, MG Church, MR Hogsett, WE Cairns, MA Rygiewicz, PT McComb, BC Shaff, CD AF Compton, JE Andersen, CP Phillips, DL Brooks, JR Johnson, MG Church, MR Hogsett, WE Cairns, MA Rygiewicz, PT McComb, BC Shaff, CD TI Ecological and water quality consequences of nutrient addition for salmon restoration in the Pacific Northwest SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FRESH-WATER; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; FOREST STREAM; CARCASSES; NITROGEN; GROWTH; FISH AB Salmon runs have declined over the past two centuries in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Reduced inputs of salmon-derived organic matter and nutrients (SDN) may limit freshwater production and thus establish a negative feedback loop affecting future generations of fish. Restoration efforts use the rationale of declining SDN to justify artificial nutrient additions, with the goal of reversing salmon decline. The forms of nutrient addition include introducing salmon carcasses, carcass analogs (processed fish cakes), or inorganic fertilizers. While evidence suggests that fish and wildlife may benefit from increases in food availability as a result of carcass additions, stream ecosystems vary in their ability to use nutrients to benefit salmon. Moreover, the practice may introduce excess nutrients, disease, and toxic substances to streams that may already exceed proposed water quality standards. Restoration efforts involving nutrient addition must balance the potential benefits of increased food resources with the possible harm caused by increased nutrient and toxin loads. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM compton.jana@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0018:EAWQCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009WF UT WOS:000235143400016 ER PT J AU Suter, GW AF Suter, GW TI Ecological risk assessment and ecological epidemiology for contaminated sites SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Contaminants and Ecological Risk Assessment CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA DE risk assessment; contaminated sites; ecology; decision-making ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; HEALTH AB After 20 years of development, ecological risk assessment is widely accepted. However, it is evolving in response to a variety of technical and societal pressures. First, pressure for greater simplicity and standardization arise from the expectation that risk assessments should require little time and resources but be defensible. Second, the advance of the environmental sciences and increasing awareness of the complexity of ecological responses generate pressure for greater realism. Third, the dominance of human health risk assessment generates a pressure to integrate ecological risk assessment with that dominant field. Fourth, the demand for cost-benefit analysis creates pressure for integration with environmental economics. Finally, the need to connect the practice of ecological epidemiology with risk-based decision-making creates a pressure of the formation of a single integrated ecological assessment practice. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Suter.Glenn@epa.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1080/10807030500428553 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017HU UT WOS:000235685500005 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, AD Brixey, LA Wiener, RW AF Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, AD Brixey, LA Wiener, RW TI Transport of airborne particles within a room SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE indoor air; aerosol; turbulent diffusion; dispersion; nondimensional modeling; furnishings ID MODEL ROOM; AIR-FLOW; SIMULATION; TIME; WAKES AB The objective of this study is to test a technique used to analyze contaminant transport in the wake of a bluff body under controlled experimental conditions for application to aerosol transport in a complex furnished room. Specifically, the hypothesis tested by our work is that the dispersion of contaminants in a room is related to the turbulence kinetic energy and length scale. This turbulence is, in turn, determined by the size and shape of furnishings within the room and by the ventilation characteristics. This approach was tested for indoor dispersion through computational fluid dynamics simulations and laboratory experiments. In each, 3 mu m aerosols were released in a furnished room with varied contaminant release locations (at the inlet vent or under a desk). The realizable k similar to epsilon model was employed in the simulations, followed by a Lagrangian particle trajectory simulation used as input for an in-house FORTRAN code to compute aerosol concentration. For the experiments, concentrations were measured simultaneously at seven locations by laser photometry, and air velocity was measured using laser Doppler velocimetry. The results suggest that turbulent diffusion is a significant factor in contaminant residence time in a furnished room. This procedure was then expanded to develop a simplified correlation between contaminant residence time and the number of enclosing surfaces around a point containing the contaminant. C1 Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10010 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), Hunter Coll, 425 E 25th St, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM jrichmon@hunter.cuny.edu NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00398.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 002YR UT WOS:000234648800008 PM 16420497 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Wilson, VS Stoker, T Lambright, C Furr, J Noriega, N Howdeshell, K Ankley, GT Guillette, L AF Gray, LE Wilson, VS Stoker, T Lambright, C Furr, J Noriega, N Howdeshell, K Ankley, GT Guillette, L TI Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Copenhagen Workshop on Environment Reproductive Health and Fertility CY JAN 15-18, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE androgens; CAFO feedlot effluent; linuron; p,p'DDT and p,p'DDE; phthalates; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; prochloraz; procymidone; pulp mill effluent; sexual differentiation; vinclozolin ID ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; ETHER PBDE MIXTURE; MALE-RAT; IN-VITRO; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE AB Within the last decade, several classes of chemicals have been shown in laboratory studies to disrupt reproductive development by acting as androgen receptor (AR) antagonists and/or inhibitors of fetal Leydig cell testosterone production. Some phthalate esters alter gubernacular differentiation by reducing insulin-like 3 (insl3) mRNA levels. We have found that AR antagonists and inhibitors of fetal testis hormone production generally induce cumulative, apparently dose-additive adverse effects when administered in mixtures. New research has also revealed the presence of androgens in the environment. Effluents from pulp and paper mills display androgenic activity of sufficient potency to masculinize and/or sex-reverse female fish. Effluent from beef cattle concentrated animal feedlot operations from the United States also displays androgenic activity in vitro, due, in part, to the presence of a steroid used to promote growth in beef cattle. In summary, we are only beginning to identify the classes of chemicals that have the potential to alter the androgen signalling pathway in utero. This review will (i) present information on the classes of environmental chemicals that display antiandrogenic and androgenic activities in vitro and in vivo, and (ii) provide an insight into how exposure to mixtures these chemicals might behave in utero. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US EPA, Cooperat Res Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,ORD, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 48 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00636.x PG 9 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 029EN UT WOS:000236542000022 PM 16466529 ER PT J AU Nguyen, RHN Gange, SJ Serwadda, D Kigozi, G Kiwanuka, N Sewankambo, NK Wabwire-Mangen, F Quinn, TC Wawer, M Gray, RH AF Nguyen, RHN Gange, SJ Serwadda, D Kigozi, G Kiwanuka, N Sewankambo, NK Wabwire-Mangen, F Quinn, TC Wawer, M Gray, RH TI Screening HIV-positive pregnant women for antiretroviral therapy: utility of self-reported symptoms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; symptomatology; pregnant; viral load; ART ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; FERTILITY; DISEASE; UGANDA; MTCT AB In developing countries, Mother-to-Child Transmission-Plus programmes propose to identify lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible women during antenatal care. Identification using AIDS-related symptoms is the most feasible screening procedure in resource-limited settings. It is not known if symptomatology in pregnant women is correlated with clinical criteria for ART initiation based on CD4 + cell count or HIV-1 viral load. In this population of HIV-positive pregnant women from Rakai District, Uganda, 8-23% were eligible for treatment by CD4+ cell count criteria, and < 1% met WHO staging criteria for AIDS. Using one or more symptoms to predict CD4+ cell count < 350cells/mm(3), sensitivity was 100%, specificity 11%, positive predictive value (PPV) 25%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. When using one or more symptoms to predict viral load >= 100,000 cps/mL, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 10%, PPV 6%, and NPV 100%. Initiation of treatment based on self-reported symptoms will over-treat because the majority of pregnant women with symptoms would not be eligible for treatment under current guidelines, but asymptomatic pregnant women are unlikely to require ART. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Nguyen, RHN (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM nguyen5@niehs.nih.gov OI Sewankambo, Nelson/0000-0001-9362-053X; Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1258/095646206775455801 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 010ZF UT WOS:000235236700009 PM 16464273 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC DeVito, MJ Ross, DG Selgrade, MJK AF Bowman, CC DeVito, MJ Ross, DG Selgrade, MJK TI Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase does not impede oral tolerance SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 789 BP S205 EP S205 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.808 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865301286 ER PT J AU Schmechel, D Green, BJ Blachere, FM Vesper, SJ Beezhold, D AF Schmechel, D Green, BJ Blachere, FM Vesper, SJ Beezhold, D TI Initial characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the fungal hemolysin stachylysin from Stachybotrys chartarum SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 CDC Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, Hlth Effects lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 117 BP S30 EP S30 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.122 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300117 ER PT J AU Pleim, JE AF Pleim, JE TI A simple, efficient solution of flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; STABILITY AB This note describes a simple scheme for analytical estimation of the surface-layer similarity functions from state variables. What distinguishes this note from the many previous papers on this topic is that this method is specifically targeted for numerical models in which simplicity and economic execution are critical. In addition, it has been in use in a mesoscale meteorological model for several years. For stable conditions, a very simple scheme is presented that compares well to the iterative solution. The stable scheme includes a very stable regime in which the slope of the stability functions is reduced to permit significant fluxes to occur, Which is particularly important for numerical models in which decoupling from the surface can be ail important problem. For unstable conditions, simple schemes generalized for varying ratios of aerodynamic roughness to thermal roughness (z(o)/z(oh)) are less satisfactory. Therefore, a simple scheme has been empirically derived for a fixed z(o)/z(oh) ratio, which represents quasi-laminar sublayer resistance. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, NERL, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleim.jon@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1175/JAM2339.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038SM UT WOS:000237244000008 ER PT J AU Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE TI Global transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus response to hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE INTERCELLULAR ADHESIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CYTOCHROME BD; BIOFILM FORMATION; DNA-DAMAGE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; CELL-DIVISION AB Staphylococcus aureus responds with protective strategies against phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants to infect humans. Herein, we report the transcriptome analysis of the cellular response of S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. The data indicate that the oxidative response includes the induction of genes involved in virulence, DNA repair, and notably, anaerobic metabolism. C1 US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 63 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 4 BP 1648 EP 1659 DI 10.1128/JB.188.4.1648-1659.2006 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 013KJ UT WOS:000235407900050 PM 16452450 ER PT J AU Bob, M Walker, HW AF Bob, M Walker, HW TI Lime-soda softening process modifications for enhanced NOM removal SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; COAGULATION; RISK AB In this research, a number of process modifications to the lime-soda softening process were examined, including utilization of high Mg-content lime, addition Of MgCl2, and the recycling of softening sludge, in order to improve the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Jar test results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal increased and trihalomethane (THM) formation was reduced as the magnesium in hydrated lime increased, and was directly correlated with the amount of magnesium removed from the system. However, a dolomitic quick lime hydrated under atmospheric conditions resulted in less effective DOC removal due to a lack of available Mg, and subsequently, less co-precipitation of Mg(OH)(2)-NOM complexes. The addition of MgCl2 to the raw water also increased DOC removal and reduced THM formation in both the presence and absence of softening sludge, with DOC removal increasing as softening sludge and magnesium dosages increased. As high as 43% removal of DOC was achieved at the stoichoimetric lime-soda ash dose in the presence of 457 mg/L sludge and 7.5 mg/L MgCl2 as compared to only 13% removal in the absence of sludge and MgCl2. The recycling of softening sludge had little or no effect on the hardness and the level of inorganic elements in treated water. The results presented here provide new approaches for improving DBP precursor removal during lime-soda softening without significantly increasing lime and soda ash dosage or the generation of waste Sludge. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Kerr Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bob, M (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Kerr Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM bob.mustafa@epa.gov; walker.455@osu.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:2(158) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 004YE UT WOS:000234787800004 ER PT J AU Hwang, S Felt, DR Bouwer, EJ Brooks, MC Larson, SL Davis, JL AF Hwang, S Felt, DR Bouwer, EJ Brooks, MC Larson, SL Davis, JL TI Remediation of RDX-contaminated water using alkaline hydrolysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVES; 1,3,5-TRIAZA-1,3,5-TRINITROCYCLOHEXANE; DENITRIFICATION; HMX AB The objective of this Study was to assess the effectiveness of alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative ex situ technology for remediating groundwater contaminated with hexahydro- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Treatment in both batch reactor and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was investigated. RDX reactivity was strongly dependent on the reaction pH investigated (11-13). The batch system achieved pseudo-first-order RDX reaction rates in the range of (0.8-27.7) X 10(-3) min(-1), corresponding to half-life periods of 17.9 to 0.5 h, respectively. In the CSTR system operated at the initial RDX concentration of 4.5 X 10(-3) mM, 99% RDX removal was achieved with the hydraulic retention time of 2 days and the reaction pH of 11.9. Formate and nitrite were produced as the major hydrolysates in the CSTR system, indicating a simultaneous reaction mechanism involving RDX ring cleavage and elimination of the ring nitrogen. The net OH- demand used only for RDX removal in the CSTR was found to be 1.5 390, and 130 M OH-/M RDXremoved at pH values of 11.9, 11.5, and 11.0, respectively. A conceptual cost analysis indicated that the expense of alkaline treatment may be comparable to the expense of granular activated carbon treatment for long treatment periods (30 years or more), due to the potentially lower annual operational cost of alkali treatment. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn & Surveying, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US EPA, Res & Dev Ctr, Enviornm Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Hwang, S (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn & Surveying, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:2(256) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 004YE UT WOS:000234787800014 ER PT J AU McClenny, WA Jacumin, HH Oliver, KD Daughtrey, EH Whitaker, DA AF McClenny, WA Jacumin, HH Oliver, KD Daughtrey, EH Whitaker, DA TI Comparison of 24 h averaged VOC monitoring results for residential indoor and outdoor air using Carbopack X-filled diffusive samplers and active sampling - a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID 1,3-BUTADIENE; BENZENE AB Analytical results obtained by thermal desorption GC/MS for 24 h diffusive sampling of I I volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are compared with results of time-averaged active sampling at a known constant flow rate. Air samples were collected with co-located duplicate diffusive sampling tubes and one passivated canister. A total of eight multiple-component sampling events took place at fixed positions inside and outside three private homes. Subsequently, a known amount of sample air was transferred from the canister to an adsorbent tube for analysis by thermal desorption GC/MS. Results for the 11 most prevalent compounds-Freon 11, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and p-dichlorobenzene-show that the ratio of average study values (diffusive sampling to active sampling) is 0.92 with 0.70 and 1.14 extreme ratios. Absolute percent difference for duplicate samples using diffusive sampling was < 10% for the four most prevalent compounds. Agreement between the two sampling approaches indicates that the prediction of approximately constant diffusive sampling rates based on previous laboratory studies is valid under the field conditions. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McClenny, WA (reprint author), 4700 Glen Forest Dr, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1039/b507850d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017ZO UT WOS:000235732700005 PM 16470258 ER PT J AU Basselin, M Villacreses, NE Langenbach, R Ma, KZ Bell, JM Rapoport, SI AF Basselin, M Villacreses, NE Langenbach, R Ma, KZ Bell, JM Rapoport, SI TI Resting and arecoline-stimulated brain metabolism and signaling involving arachidonic acid are altered in the cyclooxygenase-2 knockout mouse SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; arecoline; brain; cyclooxygenase-2 knockout; muscarinic receptor; phospholipase A2 ID PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2) ACTIVATION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; UNANESTHETIZED RATS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FATTY-ACIDS; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID AB Studies were performed to determine if cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 regulates muscarinic receptor-initiated signaling involving brain phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activation and arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) release. AA incorporation coefficients, k* (brain [1-C-14]AA radioactivity/integrated plasma radioactivity), representing this signaling, were measured following the intravenous injection of [1-C-14]AA using quantitative autoradiography, in each of 81 brain regions in unanesthetized COX-2 knockout (COX-2(-/-)) and wild-type (COX-2(+/+)) mice. Mice were administered arecoline (30 mg/kg i.p.), a non-specific muscarinic receptor agonist, or saline i.p. (baseline control). At baseline, COX-2(-/-) compared with COX-2(+/+) mice had widespread and significant elevations of k*. Arecoline increased k* significantly in COX-2(+/+) mice compared with saline controls in 72 of 81 brain regions, but had no significant effect on k* in any region in COX-2(-/-) mice. These findings, when related to net incorporation rates of AA from brain into plasma, demonstrate enhanced baseline brain metabolic loss of AA in COX-2(-/-) compared with COX-2(+/+) mice, and an absence of a normal k* response to muscarinic receptor activation. This response likely reflects selective COX-2-mediated conversion of PLA(2)-released AA to prostanoids. C1 NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mirvasln@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 99 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3042 EI 1471-4159 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03612.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 003GV UT WOS:000234670700006 PM 16405503 ER PT J AU Gay, EA Klein, RC Yakel, JL AF Gay, EA Klein, RC Yakel, JL TI Apolipoprotein e-derived peptides block alpha 7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID THROMBIN-CLEAVAGE FRAGMENT; E-MIMETIC PEPTIDES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEUROTOXICITY; BRAIN; INJURY; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; CALCIUM; CELLS AB For decades, the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has been associated with dysfunction of cholinergic signaling; however, the cellular mechanisms by which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR) function is impaired in Alzheimer's disease are as yet unknown. The most significant genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease is inheritance of the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E ( apoE). Recent data have demonstrated the ability of apoE-derived peptides to inhibit nAChRs in rat hippocampus. In the current study, the functional interaction between nAChRs and apoE-derived peptides was investigated in Xenopus oocytes expressing selected nAChRs. Both a 17-amino acid peptide fragment, apoE(133-149), and an eight-amino acid peptide, apoE(141-148), were able to maximally block acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated peak current responses for homomeric alpha 7 nAChRs. ApoE peptide inhibition was dose-dependent and voltage- and activity-independent. The current findings suggest that apoE peptides are noncompetitive for acetylcholine and do not block functional alpha-bungarotoxin binding. ApoE peptides had a significantly decreased ability to inhibit ACh-mediated peak current responses for alpha 4 beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2 nAChRs. Amino acid substitutions in the apoE peptide sequence suggest that the arginines are critical for peptide blockade of the alpha 7 nAChR. The current data suggest that apoE fragments can disrupt nAChR signaling through a direct blockade of alpha 7 nAChRs. These results may be useful in elucidating the mechanisms underlying memory loss and cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease as well as aid in the development of novel therapeutics using apoE-derived peptides. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yakel, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, F2-08,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yakel@niehs.nih.gov NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 316 IS 2 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.095505 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 004NH UT WOS:000234759000041 PM 16249370 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Carlock, MA Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Nam, EK Natarajan, M Lawson, DR AF Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Carlock, MA Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Nam, EK Natarajan, M Lawson, DR TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the 15th Coordinating Research Council on-road vehicle emissions workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council held its 15th workshop in April 2005, with nearly 90 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, the authors summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles (with an emphasis in this workshop on particle emissions), effects of fuels on emissions, evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. C1 Gen Motors, R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. Fed Highway Adm, Washington, DC USA. Calif Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA USA. Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Marathon Petr, Findlay, OH USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010VZ UT WOS:000235227300002 PM 16568795 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Gray, LE Samandar, E Preau, JL Herbert, AR Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Gray, LE Samandar, E Preau, JL Herbert, AR Needham, LL TI Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, a metabolite of di-n-octyl phthalate SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RAT; POPULATION; MALFORMATIONS AB Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is found as a component of mixed C6-C10 linear-chain phthalates used as plasticizers in various polyvinyl chloride applications, including flooring and carpet tiles. Following exposure and absorption, DnOP is metabolized to its hydrolytic monoester, mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), and other oxidative products. The urinary levels of one of these oxidative metabolites, mono( 3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), were about 560-fold higher than MnOP in Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with DnOP by gavage. Furthermore, MCPP was also found in the urine of rats dosed with diisooctyl phthalate (DiOP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di- n-butyl phthalate (DBP), although at concentrations considerably lower than in rats given similar concentrations of DnOP. The comparatively much higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than of the hydrolytic monoesters of the high-molecular-weight phthalates DiOP, DiNP, and DiDP in the exposed rats suggest that these monoesters may be poor biomarkers of exposure to their precursor phthalates and may explain the relatively low frequency of detection of these monoester metabolites in human populations. MCPP and MnOP were also measured in 267 human urine samples. The frequent detection and higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than MnOP suggest that exposure to DnOP might be higher than previously thought based on the measurements of MnOP alone. However, because MCPP is also a minor metabolite of DBP and other phthalates in rats, and the metabolism of phthalates in rodents and humans may differ, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of MCPP are needed to completely understand the extent of human exposure to DnOP from the urinary concentrations of MCPP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1080/15287390500227381 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 009XT UT WOS:000235147600002 PM 16263692 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Adcock, NJ Rice, EW AF Sivaganesan, M Adcock, NJ Rice, EW TI Inactivation of Bacillus globigii by chlorination: A hierarchical Bayesian model SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE lag phase; MCMC method; posterior distribution; rate constant; upper credible bound ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; SPORES; ANTHRACIS; CEREUS AB Recent events in which spores of Bacillus anthracis have been used as a bioterrorist weapon have prompted interest in determining the resistance of this organism to commonly used disinfectants, such as chlorine and ozone. This work was undertaken to study the effect of temperature over the range of 5 degrees C to 30 degrees C for pH levels of 7 or 8, on the inactivation kinetics of the spores of Bacillus globigii and to evaluate whether these spores could serve as a surrogate for the spores of B. anthracis in chlorine inactivation studies in water. The delayed Chick-Watson model, i.e. a lag phase followed by pseudo-first order rate of inactivation, was found to adequately describe the inactivation kinetics of B. globigii. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation method was used to estimate the length of the lag phase and the post-lag phase rate constant. As expected, the length of the lag phase decreased with increasing temperature and the post-lag phase rate constant increased with increasing temperature. A hierarchical Bayesian modelling approach was used to model the kinetic parameters of the inactivation model as functions of temperature. The MCMC simulation method was used to estimate the minimum CT requirement (with safety factor) for 99% inactivation of B. globigii. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sivaganesan.mano@epa.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.2166/aqua.2005.068 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 029NE UT WOS:000236569100005 ER PT J AU Smith, ER McKinnis, P Tran, LT O'Neill, RV AF Smith, ER McKinnis, P Tran, LT O'Neill, RV TI The effects of uncertainty on estimating the relative environmental quality of watersheds across a region SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data uncertainty; integrated environmental assessment; Monte Carlo simulation ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; VULNERABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Landscape ecologists may be faced with ranking the relative environmental quality of watersheds across a region. The rankings would be based on measured or modeled variables with inherent sources of error. This paper examines the impact of data uncertainty on the ranking assigned to watersheds. The approach is Monte Carlo simulation in which the individual variables are considered to be estimated with uncertainty. The results show that watersheds in the best and the worst condition have rankings that are robust to uncertainty but intermediate watersheds may be difficult or impossible to assign to a rank. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, Boca Raton, FL 33433 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, 777 Glades Rd,PS 336, Boca Raton, FL 33433 USA. EM ltran@fau.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-1787-0 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 019WC UT WOS:000235866400006 ER PT J AU Tliba, O Cidlowski, JA Amrani, Y AF Tliba, O Cidlowski, JA Amrani, Y TI CD38 expression is insensitive to steroid action in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma by a mechanism involving the up-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY SMOOTH-MUSCLE; MESSENGER-RNA; IFN-GAMMA; TNF-ALPHA; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; CORTICOSTEROIDS; PROLIFERATION; NEUTROPHILS; INHIBITION AB Evidence shows that the CD38 molecule, recently involved in the two main features of asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and airway inflammation, could represent a new potential therapeutic target for asthma. In this study, we investigated whether glucocorticoid ( GC), the most effective treatment for lung diseases, can affect CD38 expression in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells treated with different pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interferons ( IFNs). We found that CD38 expression induced by TNF alpha alone was completely abrogated by fluticasone ( 100 nM), dexamethasone ( 1 mu M), or budesonide ( 100 nM). In contrast, the synergistic induction of CD38 by the combination of TNF alpha with IFN gamma or IFN beta, but not with IL-1 beta or IL-13, was completely insensitive to the GC inhibitory effects. We also found that TNF alpha and IFN gamma impaired GC responsiveness by inhibiting steroid induced both 1) GR alpha-DNA binding activity and 2) GC-responsive element-( GRE)-dependent gene transcription. Although levels of the GC receptor ( GR) alpha isoform remained unchanged, expression of GR beta, the dominant-negative GR isoform, was synergistically increased by TNF alpha and IFN gamma with a GR alpha/GR beta ratio of 1 to 3. More importantly, fluticasone failed to induce GRE-dependent gene transcription and to suppress TNF alpha-induced CD38 expression in ASM cells transfected with constitutively active GR beta. We conclude that, upon pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation, CD38 expression becomes insensitive to GC action by a mechanism involving the up-regulation of GR beta isoform, thus providing a novel in vitro cellular model to dissect GC resistance in primary cells. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Trasduct, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tliba, O (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM omartlib@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Amrani, Yassine/A-1826-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64063] NR 47 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 588 EP 596 DI 10.1124/mol.105.019679 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 003JQ UT WOS:000234678300020 PM 16291871 ER PT J AU Leslie, EM Liu, J Klaassen, CD Waalkes, MP AF Leslie, EM Liu, J Klaassen, CD Waalkes, MP TI Acquired cadmium resistance in metallothionein-I/II(-/-) knockout cells: Role of the T-type calcium channel Cacn alpha(1G) in cadmium uptake SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIVALENT METAL TRANSPORTER-1; NULL-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; CA2+ CHANNELS; BRUSH-BORDER; RAT; ZINC; COPPER; LOCALIZATION; ALPHA(1G) AB Metallothioneins (MTs) are cytoplasmic proteins that sequester certain divalent cations and are considered a primary cellular defense against the toxic transition metal cadmium (Cd2+). MT-I/II(-/-) knockout [MT(-/-)] cells are available and serve as an excellent tool to study non-MT-related mechanisms in metal tolerance. In the current study, Cd2+-resistant MT(-/-) (CdR) and CdR revertant (CdR-rev) cell lines were developed and characterized to investigate non-MT-mediated cellular protection mechanisms. Resistance to Cd2+ was approximately 70-fold higher in CdR than the parental MT(-/-) cell line (IC50 = 20 versus 0.3 mu M, respectively) and was stable in the absence of Cd2+ for 35 days. Accumulation of Cd2+ by the CdR cell line was reduced by approximately 95% compared with parental cells, primarily because of a decreased Cd2+ uptake. Cd2+ uptake by the MT(-/- ) parental cell line was independent of sodium, energy, and electrogenic potential. Uptake was saturable ( K-m = 65 nM; V-max = 4.9 pmol/mg/min) and pH-dependent ( maximal at pH 6.5-7). Potent inhibitors of Cd2+ uptake included Zn2+ ( IC50 = 7 mu M), Mn2+ (IC50 = 0.4 mu M), and the T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist mibefradil (IC50 = 5 mu M), whereas other metals ( including Fe2+) and L- type Ca2+ channel antagonists had little effect. Immunoblot and real- time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the Cacn alpha(1G) T-type Ca2+ channel was expressed at a reduced level in CdR compared with the parental MT(-/-) cell line, suggesting it is important for Cd2+ uptake. The CdR1-rev cell line was found to have a Cd2+ uptake and sensitivity level in between that of the CdR1 and MT(-/-) cell lines. Consistent with this was an intermediate expression of Cacn alpha(1G) in the CdR-rev cell line. These data suggest that decreased expression of Cacn alpha(1G) protects cells from Cd2+ exposure by limiting Cd2+ uptake. C1 NCI, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Pharmcol Toxicol & Therpeut, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NCI, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 45 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1124/mol.105.014241 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 003JQ UT WOS:000234678300024 PM 16282520 ER PT J AU Ramirez, DC Mejiba, SEG Mason, RP AF Ramirez, DC Mejiba, SEG Mason, RP TI Immuno-spin trapping of DNA radicals SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; COPPER; ION; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; DEGRADATION; METALS; BASES; RAT; RNA AB The detection of DNA radicals by immuno-spin trapping (IST) is based on the trapping of radicals with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyffoline N-oxide (DMPO), forming stable nitrone adducts that are then detected using an anti-DMPO serum. DNA radicals are very reactive species, and because they are paramagnetic they have previously been detected only by electron spin resonance (ESR) with or without spin trapping, which is not available in most bioresearch laboratories. IST combines the simplicity, reliability, specificity and sensitivity of spin trapping with heterogeneous immunoassays for the detection of DNA radicals, and complements existing methods for the measurement of oxidatively generated DNA damage. Here we have used IST to demonstrate that DMPO traps Cu(II)-H2O2-induced DNA radicals in situ and in real time, forming DMPO-DNA nitrone adducts, but preventing both 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) formation and DNA fragmentation. We also applied IST to detect DNA radicals in rat hepatocytes exposed to Cu(II) and H2O2 under nonlethal conditions. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ramirez, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ramirez1@niehs.nih.gov RI RAMIREZ, DARIO/K-3312-2013 OI RAMIREZ, DARIO/0000-0001-6725-3326 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1038/NMETH852 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 007HQ UT WOS:000234960000016 PM 16432522 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Wickham, JD AF Stehman, SV Wickham, JD TI Assessing accuracy of net change derived from land cover maps SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Net change derived from land-cover maps provides important information for environmental monitoring and modeling. To better target the objectives of net change accuracy, we require modifications of the Sampling design and analysis protocols typically implemented for assessments focusing on single date or gross change maps. Mean absolute deviation estimated for user-defined reporting domains is suggested to characterize net change accuracy. Stratified sampling is often desirable to improve precision for high priority estimates (e.g., high net change domains), but decisions regarding the number and identity of strata must be made recognizing the precision trade-offs among the multiple estimates of interest in a net change assessment. The accuracy assessment strategy and a protocol for evaluating sampling design options ore demonstrated using a population of map and reference net change derived from existing land-cover maps and representing change from 1990 to 2000. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu; wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 014AY UT WOS:000235452300014 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Lee, EA Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST AF Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Lee, EA Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST TI Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; streams; United States ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; TOXICITY; HERBICIDES; FORMULATIONS; SOIL; PHARMACEUTICALS; PESTICIDES; SEDIMENT; FISH AB Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 37 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007AO UT WOS:000234939800009 PM 16398995 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS TI Impact of repeated exposure on the toxicokinetics of BDE 47 in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BDE 47; PBDE; toxicokinetics; brominated flame retardant ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TCDD; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; PBDES; PCBS AB 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) is the major polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) found in environmental samples and human tissue despite its small contribution to global production and usage. Currently, three toxicokinetic studies are available investigating single-dose exposures; this is the first study to investigate toxicokinetic parameters following repeated exposure to BDE 47. The disposition and excretion of BDE 47 was monitored in adult female C57BL/6 mice for 5 days following ten consecutive 1.0-mg/kg oral doses and compared with results from our previous study. Results of the present study suggest greater retention of BDE 47 and nonlinear disposition patterns following repeated exposure to this dose in mice. No target tissues of sequestration or potential toxicity were determined; however, some tissues, such as the liver, demonstrated patterns of interest following repeated exposure that were not previously observed in acute toxicokinetic studies. Repeated exposure to BDE 47 results in higher concentrations remaining in adipose tissue, which demonstrates its potential for bioaccumulation. The data also suggest that excretion of BDE 47 may be decreased following repeated exposure. These results, in combination with evidence of its persistence and toxicity, underlie the need to further understand BDE 47 toxicokinetics across species at steady-state conditions. C1 US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, BHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), ChemRisk, 3420 Execut Ctr Dr,Suite 114, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM dstaskal@chemrisk.com NR 16 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj038 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 002SF UT WOS:000234631000005 PM 16280385 ER PT J AU Yoon, M Madden, MC Barton, HA AF Yoon, M Madden, MC Barton, HA TI Developmental expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat: a comparison of liver and lung development SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aldehyde dehydrogenase; postnatal development; liver versus lung comparison; propanal; hexanal; benzaldehyde ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; MODULATING CARBONYL CYTOTOXICITY; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; RETINAL DEHYDROGENASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACETALDEHYDE; INCREASES; ONTOGENY; EXPOSURE; FORMALDEHYDE AB Metabolism is one of the major determinants for age-related changes in susceptibility to chemicals. Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules present in the environment that also can be produced during biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolism. Although the lung is a major target for aldehyde toxicity, early development of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) in lung has been poorly studied. The expression of ALDH in liver and lung across ages (postnatal day 1, 8, 22, and 60) was investigated in Wistar-Han rats. In adult, the majority of hepatic ALDH activity was found in mitochondria, while cytosolic ALDH activity was the highest contributor in lung. Total aldehyde oxidation capability in liver increases with age, but stays constant in lung. These overall developmental profiles of ALDH expression in a tissue appear to be determined by the different composition of ALDH isoforms within the tissue and their independent temporal and tissue-specific development. ALDH2 showed the most notable tissue-specific development. Hepatic ALDH2 was increased with age, while the pulmonary form did not. ALDH1 was at its maximum value at postnatal day 1 (PND1) and decreased thereafter both in liver and lung. ALDH3 increased with age in liver and lung, although ALDH3A1 was only detectible in lung. Collectively, the present study indicates that, in the case of aldehyde exposure, the in vivo responses would be tissue and age dependent. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council Res Associateship Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, B205-1,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 66 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 386 EP 398 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj045 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 002SF UT WOS:000234631000006 PM 16291827 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE AF Duirk, SE TI Modeling monochloramine loss in the presence of natural organic matter (vol 39, pg 3418, 2005) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Duirk, SE (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 851 EP 852 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.022 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 020YR UT WOS:000235949800024 ER PT J AU Menendez, D Krysiak, O Inga, A Krysiak, B Resnick, MA Schonfelder, G AF Menendez, D Krysiak, O Inga, A Krysiak, B Resnick, MA Schonfelder, G TI A SNP in the flt-1 promoter integrates the VEGF system into the p53 transcriptional network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE single-nucleotide polymorphism; genotoxic stress; VEGF receptor 1; cancer cells ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR RECEPTOR-1; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; TYROSINE KINASE; CANCER-CELLS; IN-VIVO; ANGIOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; MIGRATION; BINDING AB The VEGF system is essential for angiogenesis. VEGF overexpression frequently correlates with increased microvascularity and metastasis and decreased spontaneous apoptosis. Although a precise mechanism has not been established, studies suggest that VEGF expression is negatively regulated by p53, a master regulator and tumor suppressor. There are no reports of additional components of the VEGF signal transduction pathway being part of the p53 transcriptional network. A target of VEGF, the VEGF receptor 1/flt-1, can regulate growth and migration of endothelial cells and modulate angiogenesis. VEGF appears to be up-regulated in various cancers in which flt-1 may have a role in tumor progression and metastasis. We identified a C-to-T SNP upstream of the transcriptional start site in approximate to 6% of the people examined. The SNP is located within a putative p53 response element. Only the promoter with the T SNP (FLT1-T) was responsive to p53 when examined with reporter assays or by endogenous gene expression analysis in cell lines with different SNP status. In response to doxorubicin-induced DNA damage, there was clear allele discrimination based on p53 binding at the FLT1-T but not FLT1-C promoters as well as p53-dependent induction of flt-1 mRNA, which required the presence of FLT1-T. Our results establish that p53 can differentially stimulate transcription at a polymorphic variant of the flt-1 promoter and directly places the VEGF system in the p53 stress-response network via fit-1 in a significant fraction of the human population. We suggest that the p53-VEGF-flt-1 interaction is relevant to risks in angiogenesis-associated diseases, including cancer. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Canc Res, Ist Sci Tumori, Lab Expt Oncol B, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, MD3-01,111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnick@niehs.nih.gov; gilbert.schoenfelder@charite.de OI Schonfelder, Gilbert/0000-0001-6134-1990 NR 40 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1411 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508103103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009EO UT WOS:000235094300046 PM 16432214 ER PT J AU Schwindt, AR Truelove, N Schreck, CB Fournie, JW Landers, DH Kent, ML AF Schwindt, AR Truelove, N Schreck, CB Fournie, JW Landers, DH Kent, ML TI Quantitative evaluation of macrophage aggregates in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE macrophage aggregates; brook trout; rainbow trout; fishes; pigment; ecotoxicology; stress ID DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; MELANOMACROPHAGE CENTERS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; AGE; FLOUNDER; HEALTH; WILD AB Macrophage aggregates (MAs) occur in various organs of fishes, especially the kidney, liver and spleen, and contain melanin, ceroid/lipofuscin and hemosiderin pigments. They have been used as indicators of a number of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Macrophage aggregates occur in salmonids but are poorly organized, irregularly shaped, and are generally smaller than those in derived teleosts. These features complicate quantification, and thus these fishes have seldom been used in studies correlating MAs with environmental stressors. To alleviate these complications, we developed color filtering algorithms for use with the software package ImagePro Plus((R)) (Media Cybernetics) that select and quantify pigmented area (i.e. colors ranging from gold to brown to black) in tissue sections. Image analysis results compared well with subjective scoring when tested on brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss captured from high-elevation lakes or hatcheries. Macrophage aggregate pigments correlated positively with age and negatively with condition factor. Within individual fish, pigmentation correlated positively among organs, suggesting that the kidney, liver or spleen are suitable indicator organs. In age-matched fishes, MA pigments were not different between hatcheries and lakes in the organs examined. Between lakes, differences in pigments were observed in the kidney and spleen, but were not explained by age, condition factor, sex or maturation state. Our results indicate that quantification of the area occupied by MA pigments is an efficient and accurate means of evaluating MAs in salmonid organs and that organ pigmentation correlates with age and condition factor, as seen in studies with more derived fishes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Schwindt, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM schwinda@onid.orst.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.3354/dao068101 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 051QF UT WOS:000238174900002 PM 16532602 ER PT J AU Gourlaouen, C Piquemal, JP Saue, T Parisel, O AF Gourlaouen, C Piquemal, JP Saue, T Parisel, O TI Revisiting the geometry of nd(10) (n+1)s(0) [M(H2O)](P+) complexes using four-component relativistic DFT calculations and scalar relativistic correlated CSOV energy decompositions (MP+=Cu+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Au+, Hg2+) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE relativistic effects; four-component relativistic calculations; CSOV decomposition analysis; scalar relativistic pseudopotentials ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; CATIONIC GOLD(I) COMPLEXES; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; SMALL ORGANIC-MOLECULES; BINDING-ENERGIES; AB-INITIO; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS AB Hartree-Fock and DFT (B3LYP) nonrelativistic (scalar relativistic pseudopotentials for the metallic cation) and relativistic (molecular four-component approach coupled to an all-electron basis set) calculations are performed on a series of six nd(10) (n + 1)s(0) [M(H2O)](p+) complexes to investigate their geometry, either planar C-2v or nonplanar C-s. These complexes are, formally, entities originating from the complexation of a water molecule to a metallic cation: in the present study, no internal reorganization has been found, which ensures that the complexes can be regarded as a water molecule interacting with a metallic cation. For [Au(H2O)](+) and [Hg(H2O)](2+), it is observed that both electronic correlation and relativistic effects are required to recover the C, structures predicted by the four-component relativistic all-electron DFT calculations. However, including the zero-point energy corrections makes these shallow C, minima vanish and the systems become floppy. In all other systems, namely [Cu(H2O)](+), [Zn(H2O)](2+), [Ag(H2O)](+), and [Cd(H2O)](2+), all calculations predict a C-2v geometry arising from especially flat potential energy surfaces related to the out-of-plane wagging vibration mode. In all cases, our computations point to the quasi-perfect transferability of the atomic pseudopotentials considered toward the molecular species investigated. A rationalization of the shape of the wagging potential energy surfaces (i.e., single well vs. double well) is proposed based on the Constrained Space Orbital Variation decompositions of the complexation energies. Any way of stabilizing the lowest unoccupied orbital of the metallic cation is expected to favor charge-transfer (from the highest occupied orbital(s) of the water ligand), covalence, and, consequently, C, structures. The CSOV complexation energy decompositions unambiguously reveal that such stabilizations are achieved by means of relativistic effects for [Au(H2O)](+), and, to a lesser extent, for [Hg(H2O)](2+). Such analyses allow to numerically quantify the rule of thumb known for Au+ which, once again, appears as a better archetype of a relativistic cation than Hg2+. This observation is reinforced due to the especially high contribution of the nonadditive correlation/relativity terms to the total complexation energy of [Au(H2O)](+). (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Paris 06, Chim Theor Lab, UMR 7616, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, Lab Chim Quant & Modelisat Mol, UMR 7551, CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. RP Parisel, O (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Chim Theor Lab, UMR 7616, CNRS, Case Courier 137,4,Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM parisel@lct.jussieu.fr RI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 111 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1002/jcc.20329 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 999IG UT WOS:000234382400003 PM 16312018 ER PT J AU Cai, TT Montague, CL Davis, JS AF Cai, TT Montague, CL Davis, JS TI The maximum power principle: An empirical investigation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE maximum power principle; ecosystem development; autocatalytic energetics; microcosm experiments; ecosystem theory ID NONAXENIC MICROCYSTIS CULTURE; COMPLEX DYNAMICS; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; EXERGY; GROWTH; EMERGY; CALCIFICATION; DINITROPHENOL; INFORMATION AB The maximum power principle is a potential guide to understanding the patterns and processes of ecosystem development and sustainability. The principle predicts the selective persistence of ecosystem designs that capture a previously untapped energy source. This hypothesis was investigated empirically in controlled and replicated tests conducted in planktonic microcosms. Microecosystems that developed under a pH-controlled light regime, in which light duration was altered based on changes in an ecosystem-controllable variable (water column pH), were compared with those that developed under fixed photoperiods. According to the principle, pH-decreasing (and power-increasing) organization should selectively persist under pH-controlled light. To assess changes in pH dynamics that occurred under the alternative selection regime, in which photoperiods were not linked with pH-affecting selection or organization, the microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods were subjected to pH-controlled light on the last day of each test. The daily light duration increased 506 min on average in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light and 412 min on average in microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods. Selective reinforcement of acid-secreting blue-green algae in response to CO, and nutrient limitations could account for the greater increase in power acquisition in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Hlth & Enviromn Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cai, TT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Hlth & Enviromn Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Cai.tingting@epa.gov NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 190 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.04.022 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 992BR UT WOS:000233859600006 ER PT J AU Pavlov, YI Frahm, C McElhinny, SAN Niimi, A Suzuki, M Kunkel, TA AF Pavlov, YI Frahm, C McElhinny, SAN Niimi, A Suzuki, M Kunkel, TA TI Evidence that errors made by DNA polymerase alpha are corrected by DNA polymerase delta SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MUTATION AVOIDANCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; REPLICATION FIDELITY; MISMATCH REPAIR; LIGATABLE NICK; MUTANTS; EXONUCLEASE; ETA; 6-N-HYDROXYLAMINOPURINE AB Eukaryotic replication [1, 2] begins at origins and on the lagging strand with RNA-primed DNA synthesis of a few nucleotides by polymerase alpha, which lacks proofreading activity. A polymerase switch then allows chain elongation by proofreading-proficient pol delta and pol epsilon. Pol delta and pol epsilon are essential, but their roles in replication are not yet completely defined [3]. Here, we investigate their roles by using yeast pol alpha with a Leu868Met substitution [4]. L868M pol alpha copies DNA in vitro with normal activity and processivity but with reduced fidelity. In vivo, the pol1-L868M allele confers a mutator phenotype. This mutator phenotype is strongly increased upon inactivation of the 3' exonuclease of pol delta but not that of pol epsilon. Several nonexclusive explanations are considered, including the hypothesis that the 3' exonuclease of pol delta proofreads errors generated by pol alpha during initiation of Okazaki fragments. Given that eukaryotes encode specialized, proofreading-deficient polymerases with even lower fidelity than pol alpha [5], such intermolecular proofreading could be relevant to several DNA transactions that control genome stability. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Mol Carcinogenesis, Ctr Neural Dis & Canc, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov RI Suzuki, Motoshi/I-7246-2014 OI Suzuki, Motoshi/0000-0003-0682-5006 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 009IT UT WOS:000235105900026 PM 16431373 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Sui, L AF Gilbert, ME Sui, L TI Dose-dependent reductions in spatial learning and synaptic function in the dentate gyrus of adult rats following developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hippocampus; thyroid hormone; LTP; hypothyroidism; dentate gyrus; spatial learning ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AREA CA1; NEONATAL-HYPOTHYROIDISM; EXPLORATORY-BEHAVIOR; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; HIPPOCAMPUS; PLASTICITY; RECEPTOR; TRANSMISSION AB Thyroid hormones are critical for the development and maturation of the central nervous system. Although somatic and neurological effects are well documented following severe thyroid hormone deprivation, much less is known of the functional consequences of moderate levels of hormone insufficiency. We have previously demonstrated that severe thyroid hormone reductions in the postnatal period are associated with impairments in synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus. The present study was performed to examine the dose-response relationships of moderate levels of hormone disruption on synaptic function in the dentate gyrus in an in vivo preparation and to determine the effects on spatial learning. Pre- and postnatal thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by administration of 3 or 10 ppm propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant and lactating dams via the drinking water from gestation day (GD) 6 until postnatal day (PN) 30. This regimen produced a 47% and 65% reduction in serum T4, in the dams of the low and high-dose groups, respectively. At the time of testing of adult offspring, hormone status had returned to control levels. in littermates, field potentials evoked in the dentate gyrus in response to stimulation of the perforant path were assessed under urethane anesthesia. The data reveal dose-dependent reductions in synaptic transmission and impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EPSP component of the compound field potential. In contrast, LTP of the population spike measure was paradoxically enhanced. Spatial learning in the Morris water maze was profoundly impaired in high-dose animals. Although the majority of subjects in the low-dose group eventually acquired the task, their acquisition rate lagged behind control values. Reversal learning was assessed in all animals reaching criterion performance and found to be impaired in PTU-exposed animals relative to controls. These data support previous findings in area CA1 in vitro, extend observations associated with dentate gyrus synaptic function to a lower dose range, and provide correlative evidence of behavioral disruption in a hippocampal-dependent learning task following developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol MDB10505, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol MDB10505, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 56 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 1069 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.049 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 018IZ UT WOS:000235759000002 PM 16406011 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Wang, M Silinski, P Fitzgerald, MC Yang, WT AF Cisneros, GA Wang, M Silinski, P Fitzgerald, MC Yang, WT TI Theoretical and experimental determination on two substrates turned over by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM-ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; STRUCTURAL BASIS; PERTURBED PK(A); MUTATIONS; RESIDUES; CATALYSIS; ENZYMES; PROTEIN; VALUES AB Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations and experimental kinetic studies have been performed on 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4OT) for two different substrates, 2-hydroxymuconate (2HM) and 2-oxo-4-hexenedioate (2o4hex). Potential (Delta E) and free energy (Delta G) paths for both steps of the reaction using both substrates were calculated to determine the free energy barriers and compared to the experimental values obtained from the kinetic studies via the transition state theory. In the first step, a proton from the hydroxyl oxygen on the second carbon of 2HM, or from the third carbon of 2o4hex, is abstracted by Pro-1. In the second step, the proton is transferred to the fifth carbon of the substrate to form the product, 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate (2o3hex). For both substrates we obtain a calculated Delta G of approximate to 13 kcal/mol, in agreement with experimental determinations. The calculated free energy barrier difference Delta G(2o4hex) -Delta G(2HM) (Delta Delta G) is 0.87 kcal/mol. We obtained an experimental AAG of 0.85 kcal/mol. These results suggest that 2HM is turned over faster than 2o4hex by 4OT. However, these energy differences are so small that both 2HM and 2o4hex need to be taken into account in considering the mechanism of catalysis of 4OT. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27707 USA. RP Cisneros, GA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Box 90346, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Yang, Weitao/C-1109-2008; Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010; Fitzgerald, Michael/E-3392-2010 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 700 EP 708 DI 10.1021/jp0543328 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 003RJ UT WOS:000234699000039 PM 16405343 ER PT J AU Roggli, VL Piantadosi, CA MacIntyre, NR Young, SL Kussin, PS Steele, MP Carraway, MS Welty-Wolf, KE Govert, JA McMahon, TJ Palmer, SM Sporn, TA Ghio, AJ AF Roggli, VL Piantadosi, CA MacIntyre, NR Young, SL Kussin, PS Steele, MP Carraway, MS Welty-Wolf, KE Govert, JA McMahon, TJ Palmer, SM Sporn, TA Ghio, AJ TI Physician subsidies for tobacco advertising SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MASTER-SETTLEMENT-AGREEMENT C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Roggli, VL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI McMahon, Timothy/K-3986-2012 OI McMahon, Timothy/0000-0002-3404-3223 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 173 IS 2 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 001GC UT WOS:000234520600016 PM 16391304 ER PT J AU Diehnelt, CW Dugan, NR Peterman, SM Budde, WL AF Diehnelt, CW Dugan, NR Peterman, SM Budde, WL TI Identification of microcystin toxins from a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa by liquid chromatography introduction into a hybrid linear ion trap-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC HEPTAPEPTIDE HEPATOTOXINS; CYANOBACTERIAL HEPATOTOXINS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PEPTIDES; VIRIDIS; BLOOM AB The cyclic heptapeptide microcystin toxins produced by a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa that has not been investigated previously were separated by liquid chromatography and identified by high-accuracy m/z measurements of their [M + H](+) ions and the fragment ions produced by collision-activated dissociation of the [M + H](+) ions. The cyanobacteria B2666 strain was cultured in a standard growth medium, and the toxins were released from the cells, extracted from the aqueous phase, and concentrated using standard procedures. The microcystins were separated by reversed-phase microbore liquid chromatography and introduced directly into a hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The known microcystins (MC) MC-LR, MG-LA, [MeSer(7)]MC-LR, MC-LL, MC-LF, and MC-L(Aba) were identified along with the two previously unreported structural variants [Asp(3)]MC-LA and [Asp(3)]MC-LL. In addition to the [M + H](+) ions, accurate m/z measurements were made of 12-18 product ions for each identified microcystin. The mean difference between measured and calculated exact m/z was less than 2 parts per million, which often allowed assignment of unique compositions to the observed ions. A mechanism is presented that accounts for an important collision-activated dissociation process that gives valuable sequence ions from microcystins that do not contain arginine. The analytical technique used in this work is capable of supporting fairly rapid and very reliable identifications of known microcystins when standards are not available and of most structural variants independent of additional information from other analytical techniques. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Thermo Electron Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Budde, WL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin L King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM budde.william@epa.gov NR 25 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1021/ac051556d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 005MJ UT WOS:000234826400019 PM 16408933 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Collette, TW AF Duirk, SE Collette, TW TI Degradation of chlorpyrifos in aqueous chlorine solutions: Pathways, kinetics, and modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING S-TRIAZINES; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; PESTICIDES; TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATION; PHARMACEUTICALS; INSECTICIDES; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISMS AB Chlorpyrifos (CP) was used as a model compound to develop experimental methods and prototype modeling tools to forecast the fate of organophosphate (OP) pesticides under drinking water treatment conditions. CP was found to rapidly oxidize to chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) in the presence of free chlorine. The primary oxidant is hypochlorous acid (HOCl), k(r) = 1.72 (+/- 0.68) x 10(6) M(-1)h(-1). Thus, oxidation is more rapid at lower pH (i.e., below the pK(a) of HOCl at 7.5). At elevated pH, both CP and CPO are susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and degrade to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), a stable end product. Furthermore, hydrolysis of both CP and CPO to TCP was shown to be accelerated in the presence of free chlorine by OCl-, k(OCl,CP) = 990 (+/- 200) M(-1)h(-1) and k(OCl,CPO) = 1340 (+/- 110) M(-1)h(-1). These observations regarding oxidation and hydrolysis are relevant to common drinking water disinfection processes. In this work, intrinsic rate coefficients for these processes were determined, and a simple mechanistic model was developed that accurately predicts the temporal concentrations of CP, CPO, and TCP as a function of pH, chlorine dose, and CP concentration. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Duirk, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk.stephen@epa.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.1021/es0516615 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700023 PM 16468401 ER PT J AU Campo, P Sorial, GA Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Campo, P Sorial, GA Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Statistical evaluation of an analytical GC/MS method for the determination of long chain fatty acids SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE long chain fatty acids; calibration; linearity; detection limit ID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILICA-GEL; CALIBRATION; PLASMA; NOMENCLATURE; URBAN; WATER AB In-depth evaluation of an analytical method to detect and quantify long chain fatty acids (C-8-C-16) at trace level concentrations (25-1000 mu g/l) is presented. The method requires derivatization of the acids with methanolic boron trifluoride, separation, and detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The calibration experiments passed all the tested performance criteria such as linearity, homoscedasticity, and ruggedness. The detection limits and related quantities were computed by applying the method detection limit, and the calibration line approximation. The values obtained by applying the latter approach were more reliable and consistent with the actual statistical theory of detection decisions and yielded the following concentrations: C-8, 87.6 mu g/l; C-10, 45.2 mu g/l; C-11, 39.9 mu g/l; C-12, 37.7 mu g/l; C-14, 41.4 mu g/l and C-16, 40.6 mu g/l. Two different gas-liquid chromatographic columns were tested and similar results achieved, which shows the ruggedness of the method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Campo, P (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM campomp@email.uc.edu RI Campo, Pablo/K-7673-2015 OI Campo, Pablo/0000-0001-8569-9620 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 888 EP 894 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 007GA UT WOS:000234955400059 PM 18970406 ER PT J AU Stephenson, KM Novakowski, K Davis, E Heron, G AF Stephenson, KM Novakowski, K Davis, E Heron, G TI Hydraulic characterization for steam enhanced remediation conducted in fractured rock SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE steam enhanced remediation (SER); well testing; pulse interference test; hydraulic properties; hydraulic characterization; steam injection; fractured rocks ID INTERFERENCE TESTS; WELLBORE STORAGE AB To explore the viability of Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) in fractured rock a small-scale steam injection and water/vapour extraction pilot study was conducted at the former Loring Air Force Base in northern Maine, USA. A detailed well testing program was undertaken to assist in the design of the injection and extraction well array, and to assess the possibility of off-site heat and contaminant migration. A structurally complex limestone having low matrix porosity and a sparse distribution of fractures underlies the study site. To characterize the groundwater and steam flow pathways, single-well slug tests and more than 100 pulse interference tests were conducted. The results of the well testing indicate that the study site is dominated by steeply dipping bedding plane fractures that are interconnected only between some wells in the injection/extraction array. The SER system was designed to take advantage of interconnected fractures located at depth in the eastern end of the site. An array of 29 wells located in an area of 60 by 40 m was used for steam injection and water/vapour extraction. The migration of heat was monitored in several wells using thermistor arrays having a 1.5 m vertical spacing. Temperature measurements obtained during and after the 3 month steam injection period showed that heat migration generally occurred along those fracture features identified by the pulse interference testing. Based on these results, it is concluded that the pulse interference tests were valuable in assisting with the design of the injection/extraction well geometry and in predicting the migration pathways of the hot water associated with the steam injection. The pulse interference test method should also prove useful in support of any other remedial method dependant on the fracture network for delivery of remedial fluid or extraction of contaminants. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. TerraTherm Inc, Fitchburg, MA 01420 USA. RP Novakowski, K (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM kent@civil.queensu.ca NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 220 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.10.002 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 004UY UT WOS:000234779200003 PM 16310888 ER PT J AU Riley, AM Deleu, S Qian, X Mitchell, J Chung, SK Adelt, S Vogel, G Potter, BVL Shears, SB AF Riley, AM Deleu, S Qian, X Mitchell, J Chung, SK Adelt, S Vogel, G Potter, BVL Shears, SB TI On the contribution of stereochemistry to human ITPK1 specificity: Ins(1,4,5,6)P-4 is not a physiologic substrate SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ITPK1; IPMK; inositol 3,4,5,6-terakisphosphate; inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate; stereoselective ID INOSITOL 1,3,4-TRISPHOSPHATE 5/6-KINASE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; PHOSPHATE MULTIKINASE; HUMAN HOMOLOG; RAT-LIVER; 1,4,5,6-TETRAKISPHOSPHATE; TETRAKISPHOSPHATES; HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; 3-KINASE; PROTEIN AB Ins(1,4,5,6)P-4, a biologically active cell constituent, was recently advocated as a substrate of human Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 1-kinase (hITPK1), because stereochemical factors were believed relatively unimportant to specificity [Miller, G.J., Wilson, M.P., Majerus, P.W. and Hurley, J.H. (2005) Specificity determinants in inositol polyphosphate synthesis: crystal structure of inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6-kinase. Mol. Cell. 18, 201-212]. Contrarily, we provide three examples of hITPK1 stereospecificity. hITPK1 phosphorylates only the 1-hydroxyl of both Ins(3,5,6)P-3 and the meso-compound, Ins(4,5,6)P-3. Moreover, h1TPKI has > 13,000-fold preference for Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 over its enantiomer, Ins(1,4,5,6)P4. The biological significance of hITPK1 being stereospecific, and not physiologically phosphorylating Ins (1,4,5,6)P4, is reinforced by our demonstrating that Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 is phosphorylated (K-m = 0.18 mu M) by inositolphosphate-multikinase. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Lab Signal Transduct, Inositide Signaling Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Wolfson Lab Med Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Div Mol Life Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Math & Nat Wissensch, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Lab Signal Transduct, Inositide Signaling Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shears@niehs.nih.gov RI Potter, Barry/A-1845-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS; Wellcome Trust NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 580 IS 1 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.016 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 002IN UT WOS:000234605100056 PM 16376887 ER PT J AU Ju, YH Varma, RS AF Ju, YH Varma, RS TI Aqueous N-heterocyclization of primary amines and hydrazines with dihalides: Microwave-assisted syntheses of N-azacycloalkanes, isoindole, pyrazole, pyrazolidine, and phthalazine derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1,3-BRIDGED AROMATIC SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; COUPLING REACTION; ARYL CHLORIDES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ALKYL-HALIDES; CYCLIC AMINES; CHEMISTRY; WATER AB The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from alkyl dihalides (ditosylates) and primary amines and hydrazines via a simple and efficient cyclocondensation in an alkaline aqueous medium that occurs under microwave irradiation is described. This improved greener synthetic methodology provides a simple C C and straightforward one-pot approach to the synthesis of a variety of heterocycles, such as substituted azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepanes, N-substituted 2,3-diliydro-1H-isoindoles. 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, pyrazolidines, and 1,2-dihydrophthalazines. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ju.Yuhong@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 73 TC 135 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1021/jo051878h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 000CO UT WOS:000234438700019 PM 16388628 ER PT J AU Gong, ZL Lu, XF Watt, C Wen, B He, B Mumford, J Ning, ZX Xia, YJ Le, XC AF Gong, ZL Lu, XF Watt, C Wen, B He, B Mumford, J Ning, ZX Xia, YJ Le, XC TI Speciation analysis of arsenic in groundwater from Inner Mongolia with an emphasis on acid-leachable particulate arsenic SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE arsenic; groundwater; speciation; well water; ICPMS; liquid chromatography; water quality; environmental monitoring ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NATURAL-WATERS; UNITED-STATES; WEST-BENGAL; REMOVAL; BANGLADESH; PERFORMANCE; BASIN; INDIA AB Arsenic in drinking water affects millions of people around the world. While soluble arsenic is commonly measured, the amount of particulate arsenic in drinking water has often been overlooked. We report here determination of the acid-leachable particulate arsenic and soluble arsenicals in well water from an arsenic-poisoning endemic area in Inner Mongolia, China. Water samples (583) were collected from 120 wells in Ba Men, Inner Mongolia, where well water was the primary drinking water source. Two methods were demonstrated for the determination of soluble arsenic species (primarily inorganic arsenate and arsenite) and total particulate arsenic. The first method used solid phase extraction cartridges and membrane filters to separate arsenic species on-site, followed by analysis of the individual arsenic species eluted from the cartridges and filters. The other method uses liquid chromatography separation with hydride generation atomic fluorescence detection to determine soluble arsenic species. Analysis of acidified water samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provided the total arsenic concentration. Arsenic concentrations in water samples from the 120 wells ranged from < 1 to similar to 1000 mu g L-1. On average, particulate arsenic accounted for 39 +/- 38% (median 36%) of the total arsenic. In some wells, particulate arsenic was six times higher than the soluble arsenic concentration. Particulate arsenic can be effectively removed using membrane filtration. The information on particulate and soluble arsenic in water is useful for optimizing treatment options and for understanding the geochemical behavior of arsenic in groundwater. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Le, XC (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 10-102 Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. EM xc.le@ualberta.ca RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 555 IS 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.062 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 001HZ UT WOS:000234525500025 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, J Veldhoen, N Helbing, CC AF Zhang, F Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, J Veldhoen, N Helbing, CC TI Evaluation of gene expression endpoints in the context of a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis-based bioassay to detect thyroid hormone disruptors SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; metamorphosis; tadpole; thyroid hormone; biomarker; thyroid hormone receptor; basic transcription element binding protein ID TAIL RESORPTION; PERCHLORATE; TADPOLES; PROGRAM; PHARMACOLOGY; METHIMAZOLE AB Thyroid hormones (TH) are important in growth, development and the maintenance of proper cellular metabolism in vertebrates. Amphibian metamorphosis is completely dependent on TH and forms the basis of a screen for thyroid axis disrupting chemicals that currently relies on external morphological endpoints and changes in thyroid gland histology. The requirement for TH-dependent gene expression makes it possible to augment this screen through the addition of molecular endpoints. In order to do this, gene selection, choice of sampling time, tissue sensitivity, and their relationship to morphological change must all be considered. We exposed stage 54 Xenopus laevis tadpoles to a concentration series of the THs, thyroxine (T-4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-4) and three known TH antagonists, methimazole, propylthiouracil (PTU), and perchlorate. The agonists significantly accelerated metamorphosis as defined by developmental stage attained after 14 days. In contrast, the TH antagonists significantly delayed metamorphosis at 14 days and caused an increase in thyroid gland size at day 8. We assessed the changes in steady-state mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptor alpha- and beta-isoforms and the basic transcription element binding (BTEB) protein by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Three tissues (brain, tail and hindlimb) were analyzed at 24, 48 and 96 h and we found that TH receptor, TR beta, and BTEB were the most sensitive gene transcripts for the TH agonists, whereas only TR alpha displayed significant changes upon antagonist exposure. We detected differences in tissue-specific responses between the two agonists. We matched the concentrations of T-3 and T-4 that elicited similar biological responses at 14 days and compared the induction of gene expression. At 96 h, the TR beta and BTEB expression response to T-3 and T-4 was similar in the tail. In contrast, T-3 elicited no concentration-dependent changes in TR beta and BTEB expression in the brain, whereas T-4 elevated their expression. The tail showed the highest correlation between TH concentration and morphological outcome whereas the brain was the most sensitive to antagonist treatment. Only methimazole and perchlorate showed significant changes in TR alpha gene expression in the brain whereas PTU did not suggesting differences in cellular mechanisms of action. The greatest effect on gene expression occurred within 48 h with many of the hormone-dependent changes disappearing by 96 h. This study accentuates the need to examine multiple tissues and provides critical information required for optimization of exposure regimens and endpoint assessments that focus on the detection of disruption in TH-regulatory systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Helbing, CC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, POB 3055,Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM chelbing@uvic.ca NR 30 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.003 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 002OP UT WOS:000234621100003 PM 16289343 ER PT J AU Childs, J Acosta, E Annable, MD Brooks, MC Enfield, CG Harwell, JH Hasegawa, M Knox, RC Rao, PSC Sabatini, DA Shiau, B Szekeres, E Wood, AL AF Childs, J Acosta, E Annable, MD Brooks, MC Enfield, CG Harwell, JH Hasegawa, M Knox, RC Rao, PSC Sabatini, DA Shiau, B Szekeres, E Wood, AL TI Field demonstration of surfactant-enhanced solubilization of DNAPL at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEAR; NAPL; solubilization; tetrachloroethylene; microemulsion; source zone ID SOIL COLUMNS; MASS-TRANSFER; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; INTERFACIAL-TENSIONS; PHASE MICROEMULSION; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; GRADIENT SYSTEMS; DISSOLUTION; DODECANE AB This study reports on a surfactant-based flood for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) removal from a control test cell at the Dover National Test Site. The surfactant formulation (sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-MA (R) or AMA), isopropanol and calcium chloride) was able to achieve a high concentration of PCE in swollen micelles (supersolubilization) without vertical PCE migration. The hydraulic system included eight screened wells that were operated in both vertical circulation and line drive configurations. After 10 pore volumes of flushing, the overall PCE removal was 68% (65% of which corresponded to the surfactant flooding alone). In addition, the residual PCE saturation was reduced from 0.7% to 0.2%, and the concentration of PCE in the groundwater was reduced from 37-190 mg/L before the flushing to 7.3 mg/L after flooding. Recycling the surfactant solution reduced the required surfactant mass (and thus cost, and waste) by 90%. Close to 80% of the total PCE removal was obtained during the first five pore volumes which were operated in an upward vertical circulation flow scheme. No free oil phase was observed during the test. Further analysis of multilevel sampler data suggests that most of the trapped oil remaining in the cell was likely localized in secluded regions of the aquifer, which helps explain the lower PCE groundwater concentration after remedial activities. In summary, this field study demonstrated the feasibility of surfactant-enhanced remediation to reduce the mass in the source zone and significantly reduce the PCE aqueous concentration and therefore the risk associated with the contaminant plume. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Surbec Environm Serv LLC, Norman, OK USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Sabatini, DA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 202 W Boyd St,Room 334, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM sabatini@ou.edu NR 45 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 002NX UT WOS:000234619300001 PM 16233935 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Herr, DW Gennings, C Graff, JE McMurray, M Stork, L Coffey, T Hamm, A Mack, CM AF Gordon, CJ Herr, DW Gennings, C Graff, JE McMurray, M Stork, L Coffey, T Hamm, A Mack, CM TI Thermoregulatory response to an organophosphate and carbamate insecticide mixture: Testing the assumption of dose-additivity SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body temperature; acetylcholinesterase activity; mixtures; radiotelemetry; hypothermia ID CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ADULT RATS; CHLORPYRIFOS; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; EXTENSION; PARATHION; AGENTS AB Most toxicity data are based on studies using single compounds. This study assessed if there is an interaction between mixtures of the anticholinesterase insecticides chlorpyrifos (CHP) and carbaryl (CAR) using hypothermia and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition as toxicological endpoints. Core temperature (T-c) was continuously monitored by radiotelemetry in adult Long-Evans rats administered CHP at doses ranging from 0 to 50 mg/kg and CAR doses of 0-150 mg/kg. The temperature index (TI), an integration of the change in T-c over a 12 h period, was quantified. Effects of mixtures of CHP and CAR in 2:1 and 1: 1 ratios on the TI were examined and the data analyzed using a statistical model designed to assess significant departures from additivity for chemical mixtures. CHP and CAR elicited a marked hypothermia and dose-related decrease in the TI. The TI response to a 2:1 ratio of CHP:CAR was significantly less than that predicted by additivity. The TI response to a 1: 1 ratio of CHP and CAR was not significantly different from the predicted additivity. Plasma and brain ChE activity were measured 4 h after dosing with CHP, CAR, and mixtures in separate groups of rats. There was a dose-additive interaction for the inhibition of brain ChE for the 2:1 ratio, but an antagonistic effect for the 1: 1 ratio. The 2:1 and 1: 1 mixtures had an antagonistic interaction on plasma ChE. Overall, the departures from additivity for the physiological (i.e., temperature) and biochemical (i.e., ChE inhibition) endpoints for the 2:1 and 1: 1 mixtures studies did not coincide as expected. An interaction between CHP and CAR appears to depend on the ratio of compounds in the mixture as well as the biological endpoint. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-04,109 STW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov OI McMurray, Matthew/0000-0002-1898-2933 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.014 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003FI UT WOS:000234666700001 PM 16182429 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Brock, JW Silva, MJ Gray, LE Reidy, JA Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Brock, JW Silva, MJ Gray, LE Reidy, JA Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Urinary and amniotic fluid levels of phthalate monoesters in rats after the oral administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; di-n-butyl phthalate; DEHP; DBP; exposure; biomonitoring ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION AB Two studies were designed to examine amniotic fluid and maternal urine concentrations of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) after administration of DEHP and DBP during pregnancy. In the first study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0, 11, 33, 100, or 300 mg DEHP/kg/day by oral gavage starting on gestational day (GD) 7. In the second study, DBP was administered by oral gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 100, or 250 mg/kg/day starting on GD 13. Maternal urine and amniotic fluid were collected and analyzed to determine the free and glucuronidated levels of MEHP and MBP. In urine, MEHP and MBP were mostly glucuronidated. By contrast, free MEHP and free MBP predominated in amniotic fluid. Statistically significant correlations were found between maternal DEHP dose and total maternal urinary MEHP (p = 0.0117), and between maternal DEHP dose and total amniotic fluid MEHP levels (p = 0.0021). Total maternal urinary MEHP and total amniotic fluid MEHP levels were correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.968). Statistically significant differences were found in amniotic MBP levels between animals within the same DBP dose treatment group (p<0.0001) and between animals in different dose treatment groups (P<0.0001). Amniotic fluid MBP levels increased with increasing DBP doses, and high variability in maternal urinary levels of MBP between rats was observed. Although no firm conclusions could be drawn from the urinary MBP data, the MEHP results suggest that maternal urinary MEHP levels may be useful surrogate markers for fetal exposure to DEHR Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27705 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 70 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.013 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003FI UT WOS:000234666700003 PM 16171919 ER PT B AU Kruger, D Franklin, P AF Kruger, D. Franklin, P. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI The Methane to Markets Partnership: Opportunities for coal mine methane utilization SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB Coal mine methane (CMM) emissions are an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally and represent a significant opportunity for developing economically-viable energy resources. The Methane to Markets Partnership, an international initiative joining 17 nations, seeks to overcome key barriers to CMM project development in the Partner countries. This paper outlines some of the Partnership's key initiatives in the coal mine methane sector and summarizes CMM project opportunities and developments, especially in capturing and recovering emissions from coal mine ventilation systems. C1 US EPA, Climate Change Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kruger, D (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Change Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700001 ER PT B AU Lechtenbohmer, S Dienst, C Fischedick, M Hanke, T Fernandez, R Robinson, D Kantamaneni, R Gillis, B AF Lechtenboehmer, Stefan Dienst, Carmen Fischedick, Manfred Hanke, Thomas Fernandez, Roger Robinson, Don Kantamaneni, Ravi Gillis, Brian GP IEEE TI Russian long distance gas transmission pipelines: Methane losses, mitigation options, and policy issues SO 2006 IEEE EIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE DE Russia; long distance natural gas pipelines; methane emissions; GHG mitigation AB The Russian natural gas industry is the world's largest producer and transporter of natural gas. This paper aims to characterize the methane emissions from Russian natural gas transmission operations, to explain projects to reduce these emissions, and to characterize the role of emissions reduction within the context of current GHG policy. It draws on the most recent independent measurements at all parts of the Russian long distance transport system made by the Wuppertal Institute in 2003 and combines these results with information from the US Natural Gas STAR Program on GHG mitigation options and economics. With this background the paper concludes that the CH4 emissions from the Russian natural gas long distance network are at approximately 0.6 % of the natural gas delivered. Mitigating these emissions can create new revenue streams for the operator in the form of reduced costs, increased gas throughput, and earned carbon credits. Specific emissions sources that have cost-effective mitigation solutions are also opportunities for outside investment for the Joint Implementation Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanism or other carbon markets. C1 [Lechtenboehmer, Stefan; Dienst, Carmen; Fischedick, Manfred; Hanke, Thomas] Wuppertal Inst Climate, Wuppertal, Germany. [Fernandez, Roger] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natural Gas STAR Program, Washington, DC USA. [Robinson, Don; Kantamaneni, Ravi; Gillis, Brian] ICF Consulting, Hong Hom, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Lechtenbohmer, S (reprint author), Wuppertal Inst Climate, Wuppertal, Germany. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0217-5 PY 2006 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGI75 UT WOS:000247356600010 ER PT S AU Blackman, J Averyt, M Taylor, Z AF Blackman, J. Averyt, M. Taylor, Z. GP IEEE TI SF6 leak rates from high voltage circuit breakers - US EPA investigates potential greenhouse gas emissions source SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE SF6; annual leak rate; greenhouse gas emissions; circuit breaker AB This paper highlights a recent collaborative study between the EPA's SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems and the electric power industry to investigate SF6 leak rates from high voltage circuit breakers manufactured and installed between 1998 and 2002. Information from over 2,300 circuit breakers were analyzed to quantify the frequency of leaks and to estimate the weighted average annual leak rate for this population of circuit breakers. The methodology, data, and results of this study are presented. C1 [Blackman, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Averyt, M.; Taylor, Z.] ICF, Washington, DC USA. RP Blackman, J (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Blackman.Jerome@epa.gov; maveryt@icfconsulting.com; ztaylor@icfconsulting.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 492 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080000082 ER PT S AU Lieberman, E AF Lieberman, Elliot GP IEEE TI How US EPA projects the impact of air emission policies on the electric power sector SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE air pollution; decision support systems; emission; forecasting; linear programming; modeling; power generation; power generation economics; power system modeling AB This paper describes how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses the Integrated Planning Model (a large linear programming optimization model of the U.S. electric power sector) to project the impact of air emissions policies on the U.S. electric power sector over a 10-25 year time horizon. Specific examples are given of the model's projections for the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), a regulation that was issued by EPA on March 10, 2005. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lieberman, E (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lieberman.elliot@epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 4051 EP 4055 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080004094 ER PT B AU Harry, GJ d'Hellencourt, CL Wine, R Aoyama, M AF Harry, G. J. d'Hellencourt, C. Lefebvre Wine, R. Aoyama, M. BE Tabira, T Yamamura, T Kira, J TI Tumor necrosis factor receptor in trimethyltin-induced dentate granule cell death SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress of Neuroimmunology CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Nagoya, JAPAN ID INJURY RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNA; FACTOR-ALPHA; HIPPOCAMPAL; SUPERFAMILY; PATHWAYS; TARGET AB Using the trimethyltin (TMT) model of hippocampal damage, we demonstrate a progression of cell responses in the dentate region including an elevation in TNF alpha, neuronal expression of TNF receptors, and microglia activation that reflect dynamic cell-cell interactions contributing to the pattern of selective neuronal death within the hippocampus. These data suggest an extrinsic receptor mediated apoptotic pathway for the death of dentate granule cells. C1 [Harry, G. J.; d'Hellencourt, C. Lefebvre; Wine, R.; Aoyama, M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Neurotoxicol Grp, NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Neurotoxicol Grp, NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 978-88-7587-324-0 PY 2006 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGZ92 UT WOS:000251732700061 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, RC Hudnell, HK House, DE van Kempen, A Pakes, GE AF Shoemaker, RC Hudnell, HK House, DE van Kempen, A Pakes, GE CA COL40155 Study Team TI Atovaquone plus cholestyramine in patients coinfected with Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi refractory to other treatment SO ADVANCES IN THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg DE babesiosis; Lyme disease; atovaquone; cholestyramine; visual contrast sensitivity ID ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; POST-LYME-DISEASE; SYMPTOMS; ILLNESS AB Ten percent of US patients with Lyme disease are coinfected with Babesia microti. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial enrolled 25 patients with confirmed Borrelia burgdorferi/B microti coinfection, abnormal visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), and persistent symptoms despite prior treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin. Patients were randomly assigned to atovaquone suspension or placebo plus cholestyramine for 3 weeks, were crossed over for 3 weeks, and then received open-label atovaquone and cholestyramine for 6 weeks. Symptoms and VCS scores were recorded at baseline and after weeks 3, 6, 9, and 12. Improvements in symptoms and VCS deficits were observed only after at least 9 weeks of treatment. At week 12, 5 patients were asymptomatic, and 16 had a notable reduction in the number of symptoms. The entire cohort demonstrated significant increases in VCS scores. Adverse effects were rare. Patients coinfected with B burgdorferi and B microti derive measurable clinical benefit from prolonged treatment with atovaquone and cholestyramine. Longer-term combination therapy may be indicated. C1 Ctr Res Biotoxin Assoc Illnesses, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Ctr Res Biotoxin Assoc Illnesses, 500 Market St,Suite 102, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS INC PI EDISON PA 292 FERNWOOD AVE, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0741-238X J9 ADV THER JI Adv. Ther. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF02850341 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 037AK UT WOS:000237118900001 PM 16644602 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS TI Water vapor transport and its effects on the deposition of hygroscopic droplets in a human upper airway model SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; MASS-TRANSFER; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; FLOW STRUCTURES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; HEAT-TRANSFER; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE AB The fundamentals of 3-D airflow as well as heat and water vapor transport and droplet vaporization ( or hygroscopicity) are described for a human upper airway model under steady laminar-transitional-turbulent inspiratory flow conditions. Water vapor distributions from the mouth to the first four generations of the tracheobronchial tree are given in terms of relative humidity or mass fraction. The mass transfer coefficients of water vapor are correlated as a function of local flow rate and temperature-dependent diffusivity, which can be readily used for estimating the regional water loss or moisture variations in the human upper airways. Furthermore, the dynamics of hygroscopicity and deposition of isotonic saline droplets have been simulated as an example, applying the basic theory. Specifically, droplet evaporation rates and deposition pattern are analyzed and the effects of inhalation flow rates and thermodynamic air properties are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Enviromn Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1080/02786820500461154 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992TD UT WOS:000233906000003 ER PT J AU Geller, MD Solomon, PA AF Geller, Michael D. Solomon, Paul A. TI Special Issue of Aerosol Science and Technology for Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies - Preface SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave,Room 235, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 735 EP 736 DI 10.1080/02786820600806530 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076JT UT WOS:000239954300001 ER PT J AU Grover, BD Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Chow, JC Watson, JG Ambs, JL Meyer, MB Hopke, PK Al-Horr, R Later, DW Wilson, WE AF Grover, Brett D. Eatough, Norman L. Eatough, Delbert J. Chow, Judith C. Watson, John G. Ambs, Jeffrey L. Meyer, Michael B. Hopke, Philip K. Al-Horr, Rida Later, Douglas W. Wilson, William E. TI Measurement of both nonvolatile and semi-volatile fractions of fine particulate matter in Fresno, CA SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, US EPA ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PM2.5 COMPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; PC-BOSS; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; SUPERSITE; AEROSOL; NITRATE; MODEL AB An intensive sampling campaign was performed in Fresno, CA during December 2003 measuring fine particulate matter including both the semi-volatile and nonvolatile fractions of the aerosol. Both the newly developed R&P FDMS Monitor and a PC-BOSS have been shown to measure total PM2.5 concentrations including semi-volatile nitrate and organic material. Good agreement was observed between the PC-BOSS and the R&P FDMS Monitor in this study with linear regression analysis resulting in a zero-intercept slope of 1.00 +/- 0.02 and an R-2 = 0.93. Several real-time measuring systems including the R&P Differential TEOM, the Met One BAMS, and a GRIMM Monitor were also employed and comparisons of total PM2.5 mass were made with the R&P FDMS Monitor. Agreement among these various monitors was generally good. However, differences were sometimes seen. Reasons for observed differences in the real-time mass measurement systems are explained by the composition and complexity of the measured aerosol, most importantly the composition of semi-volatile material. A newly automated ion chromatographic system developed by Dionex was also field tested and compared to both R&P 8400N Nitrate and integrated PC-BOSS inorganic species measurements. Sulfate and nitrate determined by the Dionex and PC-BOSS systems agreed. However, nitrate measured by the 8400N was low during fog events compared to the other two systems. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Rupprecht & Patashnick Co Inc, Albany, NY USA. Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA. Dionex Co, Sunnyvale, CA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, C100 Benson Sci Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 811 EP 826 DI 10.1080/02786820600615071 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076JT UT WOS:000239954300009 ER PT J AU Conklin, SD Ackerman, AH Fricke, MW Creed, PA Creed, JT Kohan, MC Herbin-Davis, K Thomas, DJ AF Conklin, SD Ackerman, AH Fricke, MW Creed, PA Creed, JT Kohan, MC Herbin-Davis, K Thomas, DJ TI In vitro biotransformation of an arsenosugar by mouse anaerobic cecal microflora and cecal tissue as examined using IC-ICP-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE; ARSENIC COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MARINE ORGANISMS; INGESTION; TRIVALENT; TOXICITY; SEAWEED AB This investigation examined chemical and microbiological transformations of an arsenosugar by mouse cecum. To mimic the low oxygen environment in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, reaction mixtures were incubated under anaerobic conditions. An arsenosugar extracted from ribbon kelp, 3-[5'-deoxy-5-( dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, As( 392), was added to reaction mixtures that contained either cecal microflora or cecal tissue homogenate. These reaction mixtures were incubated at 0 or 37 degrees C for up to 48 hours to monitor biotransformation of the arsenosugar. Analysis of the reaction mixtures by IC-ICP-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS indicated that the arsenosugar was converted primarily ( 95%) to its sulfur analog in less than 1 h at 37 degrees C. Conversion of As( 392) to its sulfur analog was much slower at 0 degrees C ( 21% conversion after 48 h). In reaction mixtures with cecal tissue homogenate, conversion of As( 392) to its sulfur analog was slower ( 77% conversion after 48 h at 37 degrees C). A good mass balance was found in all reaction mixtures between the amount of arsenosugar added and the sum of all detected arsenic-containing products. LC-ESI-MS/MS spectra of the sulfur-containing arsenosugar formed in all reaction mixtures containing cecal microflora compared well with those of a synthetic standard. These results suggest that the anaerobic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract can rapidly convert ingested arsenosugars to sulfur analogs. This biotransformation may affect the subsequent absorption, metabolism, and disposition of arsenic present in arsenosugars. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epamail.epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1039/b516275k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 034ZU UT WOS:000236970200004 PM 16633578 ER PT S AU Hecq, P Hulsmann, A Hauchman, FS McLain, JL Schmitz, F AF Hecq, Pierre Hulsmann, Adriana Hauchman, Fred S. McLain, Jennifer L. Schmitz, Franz BA Quevauviller, P Thompson, KC BF Quevauviller, P Thompson, KC TI Drinking Water Regulations SO ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DRINKING WATER: ADVANCES IN SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SE Water Quality Measurements LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hecq, Pierre] Commiss European Communities, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. [Hauchman, Fred S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev B105 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hulsmann, Adriana] Kiwa Water Res, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [McLain, Jennifer L.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem, Ctr Analyt Sci, Sheffield S3 7HF, S Yorkshire, England. [Schmitz, Franz] Landesbetrieb Hess Landeslabor, Abt Umwelt & Spurenanalyt 5, Fachgebiet Umweltanalyt V 3, D-65203 Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Hecq, P (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Rue Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 1935-1194 BN 978-0-47009-493-8 J9 WAT QUA MEA PY 2006 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1002/0470094931.ch1 D2 10.1002/0470094931 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Water Resources GA BYH34 UT WOS:000298788100003 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Williams, R Rea, A Croghan, C AF Wallace, L Williams, R Rea, A Croghan, C TI Continuous weeklong measurements of personal exposures and indoor concentrations of fine particles for 37 health-impaired North Carolina residents for up to four seasons SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE personal DataRAM; pDR; PM2.5; cooking; personal cloud; optical scattering ID PARTICULATE MATTER PANEL; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; AIR-POLLUTION; OUTDOOR FINE; PM EXPOSURE; MASS; AMBIENT; POPULATIONS; POLLUTANTS; BALTIMORE AB A study of personal exposures and indoor and outdoor concentrations of particles was carried out in 2000-2001 for 37 health-impaired residents of North Carolina. Earlier papers have dealt with the 24-h integrated gravimetric samples; this report adds the continuous data (1-min resolution) using optical scattering devices (personal data RAMs, or pDRs) for personal and indoor measurements. Subjects and their households were sampled for 7 consecutive days in each of four seasons, although not all subjects completed all four seasons. Each subject completed an activity diary with 15-min resolution on each day giving his or her presence in one of six locations and describing activities with the potential for increased exposure to particles. More than 800 person-days and I., X 106 person-min of valid personal exposures and indoor air concentrations were collected. The pDRs compared well with the PM2.5 gravimetric devices, with an R-2 of 87% compared to the indoor Harvard impactor (HI), and 70% compared to the personal exposure monitor (PEM). As found in previous studies, (and as expected due to the calibration of these devices with an aerosol of higher density than normal ambient and indoor aerosols), the pDRs overestimated the gravimetric concentrations by 20-50%. Because the correction factor varied by season and by type of sample (indoor vs. personal), no overall correction factor could be applied. The estimated mean increases in exposure during three common activities (cooking, cleaning, and personal care) were 56, 28, and 20 mu g m(-3), respectively. Several less common activities, such as burning food and using a fireplace were found to result occasionally in very high (> 1500 mu g m(-3)) short-term peaks of exposure. Although households with smoking were ineligible for participation, two households did have significant smoking, and had the highest average personal exposures and indoor concentrations of all the study homes. The diurnal variation of personal exposures and indoor concentrations was bimodal, with peaks occurring between 10 and 11 AM and 5 and 6 PM. The "damping effect" of the home due to air exchange caused the infiltrated outdoor particles to show only a unimodal variation, with a single broad and mild peak occurring between 6 and 10 AM. A method for identifying peak concentrations due to indoor sources and personal activities was developed. Peaks due to personal activities and indoor sources occurred about 23% and 14% of the time, respectively. On average, outdoor particles contributed about half of the total personal exposures and indoor concentrations, but there was wide variation across subjects. These findings using the MIE data were then compared to previously published estimates using measurements of sulfur from the gravimetric data; good agreement (R-2 values from 50% to 65%) was found, providing a measure of validation to both methods. Personal exposures exceeded co-located indoor concentrations by 2-3 mu g m(-3) confirming findings of a small but statistically significant "personal cloud" for PM2.5 made in previous studies using gravimetric 24-h integrating monitors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 34 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.042 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 012GD UT WOS:000235325300001 ER PT J AU Chu, SH Paisie, JW AF Chu, Shao-Hang Paisie, Joseph W. TI An evaluation of current PM2.5 conditions in the US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, US EPA DE critical design value; design value; inter-annual variability; PM2.5; ambient air quality standards; probability ID AEROSOL AB In this study, all available PM2.5 sites in the United States with more than 5 years of Federal Reference Method data are studied. The critical design values (CDV) for each site are calculated. The CDV concept developed by Chu (Chu, S.-H., 2000. CDV estimation and its applications. Presented at the 93rd AWMA Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA) has proven to be useful in PM10 Limited Maintenance Plan applications (US EPA, 2001. PM10-NAAQS Implementation-Guidance Document-Limit Maintenance Plan Option for Moderate PM10 Nonattainment Areas. US EPA, Research Triangle Park.) because of its ability in predicting the likelihood of future violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) based on the existing design values (DV) and their inter-annual variability. Thus, the potential for future violations of PM2.5 standards among these sites can be estimated and compared. The results suggest that given the current PM2.5 NAAQS, most of the high-risk areas of potential future violation of the annual standard are in the East and California. However, only California and a few isolated areas in the West are at risk of violation of the 24-h standard in the near future. The higher risk of violating the PM2.5 annual NAAQS in the East and California is largely due to the existing high level of average design value (ADV) concentrations. On the other hand, the higher risk of violation of the 24-h NAAQS in the West (essentially California) is largely attributable to inter-annual variability, particularly in natural emissions such as wildfires, since these events play a significant role in the quick rise of short-term PM2.5 levels in the West. The more frequent occurrence of wildfires in the West is known to be associated with its much drier climate and frequent droughts. On the other hand, higher SO2 emissions in a more humid East, particularly in the summer, lead to much higher sulfate concentrations and enhanced secondary organic aerosol production (Chu, S.-H., 2004. PM2.5 episodes as observed in the speciation trends network. Atmospheric Environment 38, 5237-5246). Thus, the much higher annual PM2.5 DVs in the East are largely due to the high level of sulfate and organic aerosol concentrations. These results may be used by the regulators to identify seriously polluted areas and prioritize their regional control strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chu, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, C504-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chu.shao-hang@epa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 2 BP S206 EP S211 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.080 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105II UT WOS:000242023200004 ER PT J AU Pancras, JP Ondov, JM Poor, N Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Pancras, Joseph Patrick Ondov, John M. Poor, Noreen Landis, Matthew S. Stevens, Robert K. TI Identification of sources and estimation of emission profiles from highly time-resolved pollutant measurements in Tampa, FL SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, US EPA DE SEAS 11; ETAAS; time-resolved metals; PM1.2; BRACE ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DAILY MORTALITY; AMBIENT AEROSOL; FINE PARTICLES; MATTER; MODELS AB Aerosol slurry samples were collected at 30-min intervals for sequential 1-month periods at each of two sites (Sydney and "Dairy") in the Tampa Bay area during the 2002 Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment using the University of Maryland Semicontinuous Elements in Aerosol Sampler-II (SEAS-II). More than 500 samples, believed to be affected by plumes from local utility and industrial sources, were selected for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometric analyses for elemental markers (Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, As, Ni, Zn and Cd) based on excursions in SO2 and NOx measurements. Correlation of short-term excursions in metals and SO2, and surface wind directions observed between May 23 and 26th, 2002, revealed the influence of an animal feed supplements production facility (AFS), 17 km upwind at a station angle of 81 degrees, for which emissions had not previously been detected by standard monitoring methods. Emission "profiles" for this source were developed, separately, from the time series data and by using principle components analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). In addition, a local dust component was evident in At and Fe concentration profiles during periods of elevated wind speeds and was resolved by PCA/PMF. Similarly, large but brief 1.5-h excursions in Zn (maximum, 403 ng m(-3)), Cd, and Pb on May 17th were correlated with winds from the direction of an incinerator (station angle, 250 degrees) 17 km from Sydney. Lastly, large excursions in As concentrations (maximum, 86 ng m(-3)) observed (May 4th and 5th at Sydney and November 2nd and 3rd at the Dairy) were used to locate previously unrecognized sources, tentatively associated with combustion/production of pressure-treated lumber. Profiles developed directly from the time series data were in the range of those derived from PCA-PMF (AFS); and those for the incinerator, with previously published values. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ondov, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jondov@mail.umd.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 2 BP S467 EP S481 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.036 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105II UT WOS:000242023200022 ER PT J AU Wittig, AEB Solomon, PA AF Wittig, Ann E. (Beth) Solomon, Paul A. TI Special issue of Atmospheric Environment for Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies - Preface SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. US EPA, Off REs & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Wittig, AEB (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM wittig@ce.ccny.cuny.edu; solomon.paul@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 2 BP S179 EP S181 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.001 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105II UT WOS:000242023200001 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Eder, B Dennis, R Chu, SH Schwartz, SE AF Yu, Shaocai Eder, Brian Dennis, Robin Chu, Shao-Hang Schwartz, Stephen E. TI New unbiased symmetric metrics for evaluation of air quality models SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE unbiased symmetric metrics; evaluation; air quality model; factor AB Unbiased symmetric metrics to quantify the relative bias and error between modeled and observed concentrations, based on the factor between measured and observed concentrations, are introduced and compared to conventionally employed metrics. Application to the evaluation of several data sets shows that the new metrics overcome concerns with the conventional metrics and provide useful measures of model performance. Copyright (C) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Yu, Shaocai; Eder, Brian; Dennis, Robin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chu, Shao-Hang] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schwartz, Stephen E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; FU US Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-98CH10886] FX This work has been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency peer review and approved for publication. The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. Work by S. E. Schwartz was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No DE-ACO2-98CH10886 to Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC. NR 13 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1002/asl.125 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V19DG UT WOS:000208052500005 ER PT J AU House, LL Clyde, MA Huang, YCT AF House, Leanna L. Clyde, Merlise A. Huang, Yuh-Chin T. TI Bayesian Identifcation of Differential Gene Expression Induced by Metals in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO BAYESIAN ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; latent variables; MCMC; differential expression; hierarchical model; microarray; macroarray; toxicology; model selection AB The study of genetics continues to advance dramatically with the development of microarray technology. Inlight of the advancements, interesting statistical challenges have arisen. Given that only one observation can be made from each gene on a single array, statisticians are faced with three issues: analysis with more genes than arrays, separating true differential expression from noise, and multiple hypothesis testing fo rregulation.Within this study, we model the expression of 1185 genes simultaneously in response to five chemical constituents of particulate matter; arsenic, iron, nickel, vanadium, and zinc.Taking advantage of a hierarchical Bayesian mixture model with latent variables, we compare multiple treatments to a control and estimate noise across arrays without assuming equal treatment means for housekeeping genes.To account for model uncertainty and hyperparameter specification, model averaging, MCMC, and Rao-Blackwell estimation are utilized C1 [House, Leanna L.; Clyde, Merlise A.] Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP House, LL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-9733013]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This material was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement No . DMS-9733013 and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Duke training agreement. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SOC BAYESIAN ANALYSIS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT STTISTICS, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 1931-6690 EI 1936-0975 J9 BAYESIAN ANAL JI Bayesian Anal. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 105 EP 120 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V10EH UT WOS:000207446800006 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, CJ TI Comment on "Scaling the thermophysiological effects of radiofrequency radiation - Revisited" SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EVAPORATIVE HEAT-LOSS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1002/bem.20188 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 997GS UT WOS:000234234100012 PM 16304691 ER PT J AU Huang, WC Umbach, DM Li, LP AF Huang, WC Umbach, DM Li, LP TI Accurate anchoring alignment of divergent sequences SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ALIGNMENT; GENOMIC DNA; DATABASE; SEARCH; ALGORITHM; PROGRAMS; PROTEIN; BLAST; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION AB Motivation: Obtaining high quality alignments of divergent homologous sequences for cross-species sequence comparison remains a challenge. Results: We propose a novel pairwise sequence alignment algorithm, ACANA (ACcurate ANchoring Alignment), for aligning biological sequences at both local and global levels. Like many fast heuristic methods, ACANA uses an anchoring strategy. However, unlike others, ACANA uses a Smith-Waterman-like dynamic programming algorithm to recursively identify near-optimal regions as anchors for a global alignment. Performance evaluations using a simulated benchmark dataset and real promoter sequences suggest that ACANA is accurate and consistent, especially for divergent sequences. Specifically, we use a simulated benchmark dataset to show that ACANA has the highest sensitivity to align constrained functional sites compared to BLASTZ, CHAOS and DIALIGN for local alignment and compared to AVID, ClustalW, DIALIGN and LAGAN for global alignment. Applied to 6007 pairs of human-mouse orthologous promoter sequences, ACANA identified the largest number of conserved regions (defined as over 70% identity over 100 bp) compared to AVID, ClustalW, DIALIGN and LAGAN. In addition, the average length of conserved region identified by ACANA was the longest. Thus, we suggest that ACANA is a useful tool for identifying functional elements in cross-species sequence analysis, such as predicting transcription factor binding sites in non-coding DNA. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Li, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM li3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti772 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 000AO UT WOS:000234433500008 PM 16301203 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Turi, JL Yang, FM Garrick, LM Garrick, MD AF Ghio, AJ Turi, JL Yang, FM Garrick, LM Garrick, MD TI Iron homeostasis in the lung SO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Iron and Copper Homeostasis CY DEC 09-13, 2004 CL Vina de Mar, CHILE SP NIH, Millennium Inst Adv Studies Cell Biol, Biotechnol Chile DE lung diseases; oxidative stress; SLC11A2 protein; SLC40A1 protein ID NRAMP GENE; TRANSPORTER; FERRITIN; CELLS; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; MEMBRANE; MUTATION; INVITRO; CLONING AB Iron is essential for many aspects of cellular function. However. it also call generate oxygen-based free radicals that result in injury to biological molecules. For this reason, iron acquisition and distribution are tightly regulated. Constant exposure to the atmosphere results in significant exposure of the lungs to catalytically active iron. The lungs have a mechanisim for detoxification to prevent associated generation of oxidative stress. Those same proteins that participate in iron uptake in the gut are also employed in the lung to transport iron intracellularly and sequester it in an inactive form within ferritin. The release of metal is expedited (as transferrin and ferritin) from lung tissue to the respiratory lining fluid for clearance by the mucocilliary pathway or to the reticuloendothelial system for long-term storage. This pathway is likely to be the major method for the control of oxidative stress presented to the respiratory tract. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD043494] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOCIEDAD BIOLGIA CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 16164, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-9760 J9 BIOL RES JI Biol. Res. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 033HE UT WOS:000236836900008 PM 16629166 ER PT J AU Jayes, FL Couse, JF Korach, KS AF Jayes, Friederike L. Couse, John F. Korach, Kenneth S. TI Subfertility in female estrogen receptor-b null mice is partially due to a submaximal luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500078 ER PT J AU Gray, E Farr, J AF Gray, Earl, Jr. Farr, Johnathan TI Differential expression of the phthalate syndrome of reproductive tract malformations in male Sprague Dawley and Wistar rat strains. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500091 ER PT J AU Blystone, C Furr, J Lambright, C Howdeshell, K Ryan, B Wilson, V LeBlanc, G Gray, LE AF Blystone, Chad Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy Howdeshell, Kembra Ryan, Bryce Wilson, Vickie LeBlanc, Gerald Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Prochloraz inhibits testosterone production at dosage levels below those that affect androgen-dependent organ weights or the onset of male rat puberty. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500328 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Ryan, BC Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy R. Wilson, Vickie S. Ryan, Bryce C. Vandenbergh, John G. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to ethinyl estradiol and bisphenol A on reproductive physiology and serum steroid hormones in the male long evans hooded rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 N Carolina State Univ US EPA Cooperat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina US EPA Cooperat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500330 ER PT J AU Ryan, BC Howdeshell, KL Gray, LE AF Ryan, Bryce C. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Gray, L. E., Jr. TI Sexually dimorphic lordosis behavior is more sensitive to disruption by developmental exposure to ethinyl estradiol than is reproductive morphology in the long evans female rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500335 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Farr, J Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Rider, Cynthia V. Farr, Jonathan Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, Leon E., Jr. TI A mixture of seven antiandrogenic compounds elicits additive effects on the male rat reproductive tract that correspond to modeled predictions. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 NCSU, US EPA, Cooperat Training Program, Raleigh, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500346 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Lambright, C Bobseine, K Hartig, P Durban, E Ankley, GT Sorensen, P Martinovic, D Gray, LE AF Wilson, Vickie S. Lambright, Christy Bobseine, Kathy Hartig, Phillip Durban, Elizabeth Ankley, Gerald T. Sorensen, Peter Martinovic, Dalma Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI In vitro identification of androgenic and estrogenic activity from concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFO) and tertiary-treated sewage effluent samples. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500348 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, KF Taniguchi, F Couse, JF Korach, KS AF Rodriguez, Karina F. Taniguchi, Fuminori Couse, John F. Korach, Kenneth S. TI Estrogen receptor-B facilitates gonadotropin-induced cyclic-AMP synthesis and action in granulosa cells during follicle growth and ovulation. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500517 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Phillips, MK Lopez-Gonzalez, CA Schumaker, NH AF Carroll, C Phillips, MK Lopez-Gonzalez, CA Schumaker, NH TI Defining recovery goals and strategies for endangered species: The wolf as a case study SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; conservation planning; Endangered Species Act; reintroduction; spatially explicit population model ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; WOLVES; MODELS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB We used a spatially explicit population model of wolves (Canis lupus) to propose a framework for defining rangewide recovery priorities and finer-scale strategies for regional reintroductions. The model predicts that Yellowstone and central Idaho, where wolves have recently been successfully reintroduced, hold the most secure core areas for wolves in the western United States, implying that future reintroductions will face greater challenges. However, these currently occupied sites, along with dispersal or reintroduction to several unoccupied but suitable core areas, could facilitate recovery Of wolves to 49% of the area in the western United States that holds sufficient prey to support wolves. That percentage of the range with recovery potential could drop to 23% over the next few decades owing to landscape change, or increase to 66% owing to habitat restoration efforts such as the removal of some roads on public lands. Comprehensive habitat and viability assessments such as those presented here, by more rigorously defining the Endangered Species Act's concept of "significant portion of range," can clarify debate over goals for recovery of large carnivores that may conflict with human land uses. C1 Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. Wilburforce Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. Turner Endangered Species Fund, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@klamathconservation.org NR 54 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0025:DRGASF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 000VW UT WOS:000234491500009 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Savitz, DA Herring, AH Loomis, D Langlois, PH Keating, K AF Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Savitz, DA Herring, AH Loomis, D Langlois, PH Keating, K TI Characteristics that predict locating and interviewing mothers identified by a state birth defects registry and vital records SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Paediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research CY 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc paediatr Perinatal Epidemiolog Res DE birth defects; case-control studies; data collection; registries; vital statistics ID CONTROL SCENARIO; RESPONSE RATES; SELECTION; CERTIFICATES AB BACKGROUND: State vital records are often used to select population-based controls in record-linkage studies of birth defects. However, locating and contacting individuals based on these data sources to collect additional data can be a challenge. METHODS: A large case-control study of air quality and birth defects was conducted in 7 Texas counties in which cases were selected from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and controls from state vital records. In 2004, data from these sources were used to trace mothers of cases and controls who delivered babies in the year 2000 (n = 2477) for participation in a computer-assisted telephone interview. A number of factors that predicted whether an individual would be located and interviewed were identified. RESULTS: Between March and August 2004,38% of the mothers were located, and 38% of the located mothers were interviewed. Case mothers were more likely than control mothers to be located (44 vs. 30%) and, if located, to be interviewed (43 vs. 31%). We compared the characteristics of mothers who were not located (case n = 760; control n = 777), mothers who were located but not interviewed (case n = 344; control n = 236), and mothers who were interviewed (case n = 256; control n = 104). Among both cases and controls, older mothers (>= 30 years) were more likely than younger mothers to be located, and non-Hispanic black mothers were least likely to be located and interviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the utility of vital records as a source of population-based controls in record-linkage analyses, the poor response rate discourages the use of these data sources to contact individuals for a follow-up study 4 years after delivery. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Mendola, P (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58-A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Mendola.Pauline@cpa.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1002/bdra.20221 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 011VV UT WOS:000235297500008 PM 16397888 ER PT J AU Freemark, KE Meyers, M White, D Warman, LD Kiester, AR Lumban-Tobing, P AF Freemark, KE Meyers, M White, D Warman, LD Kiester, AR Lumban-Tobing, P TI Species richness and biodiversity conservation priorities in British Columbia, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; INDICATOR GROUPS; SCALE; SURROGATES; COMPLEMENTARITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; NETWORKS; PATTERNS; CHOICE; QUEBEC AB Patterns in the geographic distribution of seven species groups were used to identify important areas for conservation in British Columbia, Canada. Potential priority sites for conservation were determined using an integer programming algorithm that maximized the number of species represented in the minimum number of sites. Sweep analyses were used to determine how well the set of priority sites identified for each species group represented the other species groups. Although areas of highest species richness were different for each species group, they all included sites in the southern interior of British Columbia, where there is limited protection. Furthermore, less than 13% of the distribution ranges for 23 of 25 bird species of special conservation concern were located within existing protected areas. Species at risk of extinction were poorly represented (26%-42%) in priority sets of sites selected for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, since these sites were generally scattered throughout the province. However, priority sites for species at risk represented 72%-91% of the species in other groups. Therefore, conservation activities in sites identified for such species have the potential to benefit many other species. These sites could be investigated in more detail to augment existing conservation and protection efforts in British Columbia. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Futures Consulting, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Biodivers Futures Consulting, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. ING Clarion, New York, NY 10169 USA. RP Freemark, KE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Strateg Informat Integrat Directorate, Knowledge Integrat Strategies Div, 70 Cremazie St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Kathryn.Lindsay@ec.gc.ca NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1139/Z05-172 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025RZ UT WOS:000236285900003 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Diamond, SA Corn, PS AF Hossack, BR Diamond, SA Corn, PS TI Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION EXPOSURE; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST CANOPY; DECLINES; PATTERNS; WATERS; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY AB A recent increase in ultraviolet B radiation is one hypothesis advanced to explain suspected or documented declines of the boreal toad (Bufo boreas Baird and Girard, 1852) across much of the western USA, where some experiments have shown ambient UV-B can reduce embryo survival. We examined B. boreas occupancy relative to daily UV-B dose at 172 potential breeding sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, to assess whether UV-B limits the distribution of toads. Dose estimates were based on ground-level UV-B data and the effects of elevation, local topographic and vegetative features, and attenuation in the water column. We also examined temporal trends in surface UV-B and spring snowpack to determine whether populations are likely to have experienced increased UV-B exposure in recent decades. We found no support for the hypothesis that UV-B limits the distribution of populations in the park, even when we analyzed high-elevation ponds separately. Instead, toads were more likely to breed in water bodies with higher estimated UV-B doses. The lack of a detectable trend in surface UV-B since 1979, combined with earlier snow melt in the region and increasing forest density at high elevations, suggests B. boreas embryos and larvae likely have not experienced increased UV-B. C1 US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1139/Z05-184 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025RZ UT WOS:000236285900012 ER PT J AU Lin, QC Clark, AB McCulloch, SD Yuan, T Bronson, RT Kunkel, TA Kucherlapati, R AF Lin, QC Clark, AB McCulloch, SD Yuan, T Bronson, RT Kunkel, TA Kucherlapati, R TI Increased susceptibility to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in polymerase eta-deficient mice SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTOSUM VARIANT CELLS; THYMINE DIMER BYPASS; DNA-POLYMERASE; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; TRANSLESION SYNTHESIS; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; EXCISION-REPAIR; MUTATIONS; FIDELITY; REPLICATION AB Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) patients with mutations in the DNA polymerase eta (pol eta) gene are hypersensitive to sunlight and have greatly increased susceptibility to sunlight-induced skin cancer. Consistent with the ability of Pot eta to efficiently bypass UV light-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, XPV cells lacking Pot eta have diminished capacity to replicate UV-damaged DNA and are sensitive to UV light-induced killing and mutagenesis. To better understand these and other Pol eta functions, we generated Pot eta-deficient mice. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in pol eta are viable, fertile, and do not show any obvious spontaneous defects during the first year of life. However, fibroblasts derived from these mutant mice are sensitive to killing by exposure to UV light, and all Pot eta-deficient mice develop skin tumors after UV irradiation, in contrast to the wild-type littermate controls that did not develop such tumors. These results and biochemical studies of translesion synthesis by mouse Pol eta indicate that Pot eta-dependent bypass of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers suppresses UV light-induced skin cancer in mice. Moreover, 37.5% of pol eta heterozygous mice also developed skin cancer during 5 months after a 5-month exposure to UV light, suggesting that humans who are heterozygous for mutations in pol eta may also have an increased risk of skin cancer. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Partners Healthcare Ctr Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kucherlapati, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Partners Healthcare Ctr Genet & Genom, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rkucherlapati@partners.org NR 39 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1862 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 001JN UT WOS:000234529500014 PM 16397220 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Extending the diffuse layer model of surface acidity behavior: I. Model development SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE diffuse layer model; excess free energy; acidity constant; charging energy; hydration energy ID COUNTERION CONDENSATION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; SOLUTION INTERFACE; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXATION; CHARGE; IONS; PARTICLE; SORPTION; AG(111) AB Considerable disenchantment exists within the environmental research community concerning our current ability to accurately model surface-complexation-mediated low-porewater-concentration ionic contaminant partitioning with natural surfaces. Several authors attribute this unacceptable variation to uncertainties in our understanding of surface acidity behavior. In support of this contention, many authors are not satisfied with our ability to model surface acidity behavior in controlled, pure phase laboratory systems. The present work was designed to more closely examine the theoretical aspects of those variable energies likely to be contributing to the excess free energies associated with surface acidity behavior. Conclusions from the work include: (1) the excess free energy term associated with charge/potential relationships is given by: Delta G(excess,sigma/psi) = Delta G(electrostatic) + Delta G(hydration) + Delta G(dipole) + Delta G(Debye-Huckel), (2) the excess free energy terms included in effective acidity constant behavior includes a charging energy term: Delta G(excess,pK) = Delta G(excess,sigma/psi) + Delta G(charging,) (3) under conditions where -Delta G(excess,sigma/psi) >> RT, Delta G(excess),(sigma/psi) approximate to Delta G(excess,pK) approximate to Delta G(electrostatic) + Delta G(hydration) (thereby supporting historical methodologies), (4) under conditions where -AGexress,sigma/psi RT, AGexcess is better approximated by: Delta G(excess,sigma/psi) approximate to Delta G(electrostatic) + Delta G(hydration) and Delta G(excess,pK) approximate to AG(excess,sigma/psi) + Delta G(charging), (5) Delta G(charging) becomes increasingly significant with decreased counterion condensation, and (6) asymmetric behavior in the charge dependency of effective acidity constant behavior is predicted -particularly when charging energies become significant. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.3184/095422906782146221 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 135QA UT WOS:000244166900003 ER PT J AU Li, L Dufour, A AF Li, Lu Dufour, Alfred TI Development of a biomarker of exposure to viral pathogens. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Societies CY JUN 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Federat Clin Immunol Soc C1 US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2006 VL 119 SU S BP S189 EP S189 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.513 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 048CD UT WOS:000237924300507 ER PT J AU Heard, K Dart, RC Bogdan, G O'Malley, GF Burkhart, KK Donovan, JW Ward, SB AF Heard, K Dart, RC Bogdan, G O'Malley, GF Burkhart, KK Donovan, JW Ward, SB TI A preliminary study of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) ovine FAB for TCA toxicity SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tricyclic antidepressants; antibody fragments; FAB; cardiovascular poisoning ID DESIPRAMINE CARDIOTOXICITY; DIGITALIS INTOXICATION; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS; RATS; OVERDOSE; PHARMACOKINETICS; SURVEILLANCE; MULTICENTER; ELIMINATION AB Background. Animal studies suggest that tricyclic antidepressant antibody fragments (TCA Fab) may be a useful therapy for tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. The objective of this study is to determine if TCA Fab increases total serum TCA levels without raising free serum TCA levels in human overdose patients, indicating that TCA Fab effectively binds TCA. Methods. This was a prospective, dose escalation study of patients with mild to moderate TCA poisoning. Patients were treated with an escalating intravenous infusion totaling 7 or 14 gm of TCA Fab. The outcomes of interest were serum TCA levels (total and free), worsening of TCA toxicity, and adverse effects. Results. Seven patients were treated with Fab. Infusion of TCA Fab was associated with a dramatic increase in total serum TCA levels, while free TCA levels fell in both dosing groups. There were no significant changes in QRS duration, heart rate or mean arterial pressure associated with the Fab Infusion. Worsening of TCA toxicity did not occur despite marked elevation of total serum TCA concentrations. The two patients with the greatest prolongation of QRS showed a prompt shortening in their QRS duration temporally associated with the Fab infusion. Mild wheezing was observed in one asthmatic patient. Conclusions. 1) TCA Fab raises total serum T CA levels while lowering free levels in TCA poisoned patients; 2) no toxic effects were associated with the increase in TCA levels and no severe adverse effects were observed during the hospital course following Fab infusion. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Med Toxicol, Div Emergency Med,Dept Surg, Denver, CO 80231 USA. Denver Hlth, Rocky Mt Poison & Durg Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. US EPA, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Environm Hlth Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA USA. Harrisburg Hosp, Pinnacle Hlth Toxicol Ctr, Harrisburg, PA USA. Protherics Inc, Brentwood, TN USA. RP Heard, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Med Toxicol, Div Emergency Med,Dept Surg, 4200 E 9th Ave B215, Denver, CO 80231 USA. EM Kennon.Heard@uchsc.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1080/15563650600584428 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 047MR UT WOS:000237883900009 PM 16749545 ER PT J AU Freeman, J Modarres, R AF Freeman, J Modarres, R TI Efficiency of t-test and Hotelling's T-2-test after Box-Cox transformation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Box-Cox transformation; Hotelling's T-2-test; one sample t-test; Pitman's efficiency ID POWER-TRANSFORMATIONS; LINEAR-MODELS; NORMALITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; SYMMETRY AB Early investigations of the effects of non-normality indicated that skewness has a greater effect on the distribution of t -statistic than does kurtosis. When the distribution is skewed, the actual p -values can be larger than the values calculated from the t -tables. Transformation of data to normality has shown good results in the case of univariate t -test. In order to reduce the effect of skewness of the distribution on normal-based t -test, one can transform the data and perform the t -test on the transformed scale. This method is not only a remedy for satisfying the distributional assumption, but it also turns out that one can achieve greater efficiency of the test. We investigate the efficiency of tests after a Box-Cox transformation. In particular, we consider the one sample test of location and study the gains in efficiency for one-sample t -test following a Box-Cox transformation. Under some conditions, we prove that the asymptotic relative efficiency of transformed t -test and Hotelling's T-2-test of multivariate location with respect to the same statistic based on untransformed data is at least one. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Freeman, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lee-freeman.jade@epa.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1122 DI 10.1080/03610920600672203 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 055AA UT WOS:000238419600014 ER PT J AU Jackson, LE Levine, JF Hilborn, ED AF Jackson, L. E. Levine, J. F. Hilborn, E. D. TI A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; landscape; Maryland; modifiable areal unit problem; negative binomial model; roads; scale; spatial autocorrelation ID IMMATURE IXODES-DAMMINI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY; NEW-JERSEY; NEW-YORK; ABUNDANCE; EMERGENCE AB The rational definition of spatial analysis units is critical to modeling and understanding large-scale ecological processes. This study assessed the relationship between forest-edge habitat pattern and Lyme disease incidence rate when modeled under three designs for spatial data aggregation. Incidence rates were calculated from passive surveillance data reported for 12 counties in the U.S. State of Maryland during 1996-2000. A design using road-bounded polygons that varied in size from 0.002 km(2) to 368 km(2) (n = 415) was compared with designs that used grid cells of 10 km(2) (n = 823) and 36 km (n = 230). Major roads were chosen to approximate bounded populations of deer and humans engaged in outdoor activity around the home (peridomestic activity). While cell boundaries were arbitrary, cell sizes were chosen to eliminate outliers observed in small polygons, and to standardize the presumed zone of exposure. The single variable that explained the most variation in incidence rate across all study designs was percent of herbaceous edge adjacent to forest. The multi-variable model with the strongest explanatory power (R-2 = 0.87) resulted from the road-bounded design. Furthermore, this design controlled for spatial autocorrelation (p = 0.064), which was highly significant in both grid designs (p = 0.002). Findings demonstrate the utility of roads to delimit distinct zones of human-environment interaction, including development intensity and peridomestic contact with wildlife habitat. This study emphasizes the importance of judicious boundary selection to spatial models with the potential for real-world applications in landscape planning and design. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Jackson, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jackson.laura@epa.gov NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 15 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1585-8553 J9 COMMUNITY ECOL JI Community Ecol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1556/ComEc.7.2006.2.6 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117AX UT WOS:000242846000006 ER PT J AU Joskow, P AF Joskow, Paul BE Leveque, F TI Patterns of transmission investments SO COMPETITIVE ELECTRICITY MARKETS AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKET; POWER C1 [Joskow, Paul] MIT, Dept Econ, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Joskow, Paul] Natl Grid Plc, London, England. [Joskow, Paul] TransCanada Corp, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Joskow, Paul] Putnam Mutual Funds, Boston, MA USA. [Joskow, Paul] New England Elect Syst, Foxboro, MA USA. [Joskow, Paul] US Environm Protect Agcy Acid Rain Advisory Comm, Washington, DC USA. [Joskow, Paul] EPAs Sci Advisory Board, Environm Econ Comm, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Joskow, Paul] Int Soc New Inst Econ, Nanterre, France. [Joskow, Paul] Amer Acad Arts & Sci, Econometr Soc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Joskow, P (reprint author), MIT, Dept Econ, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-921-8 PY 2006 BP 131 EP 184 PG 54 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BRY09 UT WOS:000283862300006 ER PT J AU Carmichael, NG Barton, HA Boobis, AR Cooper, RL Dellarco, VL Doerrer, NG Fenner-Crisp, PA Doe, JE Lamb, JC Pastoor, TP AF Carmichael, NG Barton, HA Boobis, AR Cooper, RL Dellarco, VL Doerrer, NG Fenner-Crisp, PA Doe, JE Lamb, JC Pastoor, TP TI Agricultural chemical safety assessment: A multisector approach to the modernization of human safety requirements SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ADME; agricultural chemicals; life stages; safety assessment; systemic toxicity; tiered testing ID CARCINOGENIC RISK; DIETARY EXPOSURE; PHARMACEUTICALS; PESTICIDES; VALIDATION AB Better understanding of toxicological mechanisms, enhanced testing capabilities, and demands for more sophisticated data for safety and health risk assessment have generated international interest in improving the current testing paradigm for agricultural chemicals. To address this need, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened a large and diverse group of international experts to develop a credible and viable testing approach that includes scientifically appropriate studies that are necessary without being redundant, and that emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. Benefits of the proposed approach include improved data for risk assessment, greater efficiency, use of fewer animals, and better use of resources. From the outset of this endeavor, it was unanimously agreed that a tiered approach should be designed to incorporate existing knowledge on the chemistry, toxicology, and actual human exposure scenarios of the compound, with integration of studies on metabolism/kinetics, life stages, and systemic toxicities. Three international task forces were charged with designing study types and endpoints on metabolism/kinetics, life stages, and systemic toxicities to be used in the tiered approach. This tiered testing proposal departs from the current standardized list of hazard studies used by many national authorities, and represents the first comprehensive effort of its kind to scientifically redesign the testing framework for agricultural chemicals. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Bayer Crop Sci, Sophia Antipolis, France. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ILSI, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. WEINBERG Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. Syngenta Grp Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015; OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1080/10408440500534354 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 026FL UT WOS:000236324700001 PM 16708692 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Pastoor, TP Baetcke, K Chambers, JE Diliberto, J Doerrer, NG Driver, JH Hastings, CE Iyengar, S Krieger, R Stahl, B Timchalk, C AF Barton, HA Pastoor, TP Baetcke, K Chambers, JE Diliberto, J Doerrer, NG Driver, JH Hastings, CE Iyengar, S Krieger, R Stahl, B Timchalk, C TI The acquisition and application of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) data in agricultural chemical safety assessments SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE absorption; ADME; agricultural chemicals; distribution; excretion; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; tiered testing ID TRICLOPYR 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINYLOXYACETIC ACID; PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; POTENTIAL IMPACT; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; DERMAL APPLICATION AB A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. Incorporation of pharmacokinetic studies describing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is an essential tool for improving the design and interpretation of toxicity studies and their application for safety assessment. A tiered approach is described in which basic pharmacokinetic studies, similar to those for pharmaceuticals, are conducted for regulatory submission. Subsequent tiers provide additional information in an iterative manner, depending on pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity study results, and the intended uses of the compound. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Infoscicom, Manassas, VA USA. BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Bayer CropSci, Monheim, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Bayer CropSci, Sophia Antipolis, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org NR 107 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 35 DI 10.1080/10408440500534362 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 026FL UT WOS:000236324700002 PM 16708693 ER PT J AU Doe, JE Boobis, AR Blacker, A Dellarco, V Doerrer, NG Franklin, C Goodman, JI Kronenberg, JM Lewis, R McConnell, EE Mercier, T Moretto, A Nolan, C Padilla, S Phang, W Solecki, R Tilbury, L van Ravenzwaay, B Wolf, DC AF Doe, JE Boobis, AR Blacker, A Dellarco, V Doerrer, NG Franklin, C Goodman, JI Kronenberg, JM Lewis, R McConnell, EE Mercier, T Moretto, A Nolan, C Padilla, S Phang, W Solecki, R Tilbury, L van Ravenzwaay, B Wolf, DC TI A tiered approach to systemic toxicity testing for agricultural chemical safety assessment SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE agricultural chemicals; health-based guidance values; risk assessment; SABRE database; systemic toxicity testing; tiered testing ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; ALTERNATIVE MODELS; CARCINOGENIC RISK; RODENT BIOASSAY; TRANSGENIC MICE; AVAILABLE DATA; MOUSE; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; TOXICOLOGY; PHARMACEUTICALS AB A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. The ACSA Systemic Toxicity Task Force proposes an approach to systemic toxicity testing as one part of the overall assessment of a compound's potential to cause adverse effects on health. The approach is designed to provide more relevant data for deriving reference doses for shorter time periods of human exposure, and includes fewer studies for deriving longer term reference doses-that is, neither a 12-month dog study nor a mouse carcinogenicity study is recommended. All available data, including toxicokinetics and metabolism data and life stages information, are taken into account. The proposed tiered testing approach has the potential to provide new risk assessment information for shorter human exposure durations while reducing the number of animals used and without compromising the sensitivity of the determination of longer term reference doses. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Synergen Inc, CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Hlth Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Tox Path Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. INRA, GMPV, RD, F-78026 Versailles, France. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Delegat European Commiss, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015; OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X; Moretto, Angelo/0000-0003-4386-5736 NR 56 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 68 DI 10.1080/10408440531370 PG 32 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 026FL UT WOS:000236324700003 PM 16708694 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Lamb, JC Barlow, SM Bentley, K Brady, AM Doerrer, NG Eisenbrandt, DL Fenner-Crisp, PA Hines, RN Irvine, LFH Kimmel, CA Koeter, H Li, AA Makris, SL Sheets, LP Speijers, GJA Whitby, KE AF Cooper, RL Lamb, JC Barlow, SM Bentley, K Brady, AM Doerrer, NG Eisenbrandt, DL Fenner-Crisp, PA Hines, RN Irvine, LFH Kimmel, CA Koeter, H Li, AA Makris, SL Sheets, LP Speijers, GJA Whitby, KE TI A tiered approach to life stages testing for agricultural chemical safety assessment SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE agricultural chemicals; developmental; life stages; reproductive; risk assessment; tiered testing ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; HUMAN VARIABILITY; YOUNG-ADULT; FEMALE RATS; MICE; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY AB A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. The ACSA Life Stages Task Force proposes a tiered approach to toxicity testing that assesses a compound's potential to cause adverse effects on reproduction, and that assesses the nature and severity of effects during development and adolescence, with consideration of the sensitivity of the elderly. While incorporating many features from current guideline studies, the proposed approach includes a novel rat reproduction and developmental study with enhanced endpoints and a rabbit development study. All available data, including toxicokinetics, ADME data, and systemic toxicity information, are considered in the design and interpretation of studies. Compared to existing testing strategies, the proposed approach uses fewer animals, provides information on the young animal, and includes an estimation of human exposure potential for making decisions about the extent of testing required. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Weinberg Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. DuPont Crop Protect, Delaware, OH USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. ILSI, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. ToXcel Int Ltd, Cheltenham, Glos, England. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. European Food Safety Author, Parma, Italy. Exponent, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org OI Hines, Ronald/0000-0002-3094-4200 NR 55 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 69 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10408440500541367 PG 30 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 026FL UT WOS:000236324700004 PM 16708695 ER PT S AU Kepner, WG AF Kepner, WG BE Kepner, WG Rubio, JL Mouat, DA Pedrazzini, F TI Introduction: Desertification and security - Perspectives for the Mediterranean Region SO Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A Security Issue SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Mediterranean Dialogue Workshop on Desertification in the Mediterranean Region - A Security Issue CY DEC 02-05, 2003 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP NATO Sci Comm, US EPA, Ctr Desertificat Res, Desert Res Inst, NATO Comm Challenges Modern Soc, European Soc Soil Conservat, Dept Territory & House, Spanish Minist Environm, United Nat Convent Combat Desertificat, Secretariat, City Art & Sci Valencia C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3758-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2006 VL 3 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDW96 UT WOS:000235906500001 ER PT S AU Nash, MS Wade, TG Heggem, DT Wickham, JD AF Nash, MS Wade, TG Heggem, DT Wickham, JD BE Kepner, WG Rubio, JL Mouat, DA Pedrazzini, F TI Does anthropogenic activities or nature dominate the shaping of the landscape in the Oregon pilot study area for 1990-1999? SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION. A SECURITY ISSUE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Mediterranean Dialogue Workshop on Desertification in the Mediterranean Region - A Security Issue CY DEC 02-05, 2003 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP NATO Sci Comm, US EPA, Ctr Desertificat Res, Desert Res Inst, NATO Comm Challenges Modern Soc, European Soc Soil Conservat, Dept Territory & House, Spanish Minist Environm, United Nat Convent Combat Desertificat, Secretariat, City Art & Sci Valencia ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; AVHRR NDVI DATA; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MOJAVE-DESERT; ANNUAL PLANTS; DATA SET; VEGETATION; RAINFALL; DYNAMICS AB Climatic variation and human activities are major factors resulting in land degradation in arid and semiarid lands. In the Mediterranean region and over history, climatic drying was coincidental with developing agricultural technology and the rapid increase of the population and their dependence on the grain field, timber, and animal products. As a result of human population demand, it is evident that depletion of natural resources, such as water (surface or ground) and soil (e.g., soil erosion) and reduction of farm productivity, leads many farmers to move to alternative lands or to urban areas. This has a major impact on socioeconomics resulting in a decrease of per-capita food production affecting the political stability of the region and enhancing poverty. Desertification can be evaluated using environmental degradation. However, it is important to separate degradation that occurred naturally (fire, flood, drought, etc.) or as a result of anthropogenic human activities (urbanization, livestock grazing, etc.). Here we report the use of advanced technology to map changes in vegetation cover that enables managers to geographically locate major changes in loss or gain of vegetation cover. Vegetation cover was assessed over a 10-year period (1990-1999) using 1 km Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) biweekly composites. A regression model of NDVI, over time, was developed to identify long-term trends in vegetation cover for each pixel in a study area in the State of Oregon, USA. Since vegetation cover is highly correlated with precipitation, general precipitation trends were also calculated for each precipitation station (n = 73) in the study area. Localized analysis was also performed around precipitation stations, comparing NDVI and rainfall trends in a 3 km x 3 km neighborhood centered on each station. A decreasing trend in vegetation cover was an indicator of some type of stress, either natural (drought, fire) or anthropogenic (excessive grazing, urban growth) in origin. The method presented here allows mapping changes in vegetation cover trends over large areas quickly and inexpensively, providing land managers a useful tool in locating areas in most in need of remediation or protection efforts. Results were mapped using ArcView for visualization and assessments. Three patches of decreasing vegetation cover were identified and analyzed, along with two patches of increasing vegetation cover. Analysis was performed using ancillary data and experts with extensive knowledge of the area. Degradation causes were identified as urban growth and fire. Increased vegetation cover was attributed to recovery in timber harvest areas. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM nash.maliha@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX We are very grateful to local experts: Tony Selle, Joan Baker, and Scott Augustine of the U.S. EPA, and Gary Bishop and Colleen Johnson (OAO Corp.) for providing information about field sites. We thank Karl Hermann for providing the climate zones map and Peter Leinenbach for providing the DOQ, landcover IVMP, and interpretation of three additional areas. Thanks extend to Evan Englund, Curt Edmonds, Ricardo Lopez, and Donald Ebert for discussions at the early stage of the project. Thanks also go to Susan Braun for her assistance in proofreading. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agencys review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3758-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2006 VL 3 BP 305 EP + PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDW96 UT WOS:000235906500013 ER PT S AU Yang, IV AF Yang, Ivana V. BE Kimmel, A Oluver, B TI Use of external controls in microarray experiments SO DNA MICROARRAYS, PART B: DATABASES AND STATISTICS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; NORMALIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB DNA microarray analysis has become the most widely used technique for the study of gene expression patterns on a genomic scale. Microarray analysis is a complex technique involving many steps, and a number of commercial and in-house developed arrays and protocols for data collection and analysis are used in different laboratories. Inclusion of external or spike-in RNA controls allows one to evaluate the variability in gene expression measurements and to facilitate the comparison of data collected using different platforms and protocols. This chapter describes what external controls are, which collections of spike-in controls are available to researchers, and how they are implemented in the laboratory. Applications of external controls in the assessment of microarray performance, normalization strategies, the evaluation of algorithms for gene expression analysis, and the potential to quantify absolute mRNA levels are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yang, IV (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-182816-5 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2006 VL 411 BP 50 EP + DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)11004-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFT40 UT WOS:000244506300004 PM 16939785 ER PT S AU Storici, F Resnick, MA AF Storici, Francesca Resnick, Michael A. BE Campbell, JL Modrich, P TI The delitto perfetto approach to in vivo site-directed mutagenesis and chromosome rearrangements with synthetic oligonucleotides in yeast SO DNA REPAIR, PT B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MUTATIONS; ENDONUCLEASE; REPLACEMENT; REPAIR AB In vivo genome manipulation through site-directed mutagenesis and chromosome rearrangements has been hindered by the difficulty in achieving high frequencies of targeting and the intensive labor required to create altered genomes that do not contain any heterologous sequence. Here we describe our approach, referred to as delitto perfetto, that combines the versatility of synthetic oligonucleotides for targeting with the practicality of a general selection system. It provides for an enormously wide variety of genome modifications via homologous recombination. Exceptional high frequencies of mutations are reached when a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) is induced within the locus targeted by the synthetic oligonucleotides. Presented in this chapter is an in-depth description of a series of applications of the delitto perfetto strategy for mutagenesis and chromosome modification both with and without the induction of a DSB, along with the procedures and materials. C1 NIH, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Storici, F (reprint author), NIH, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 18 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182814-X J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2006 VL 409 BP 329 EP + DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)09019-1 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BEN83 UT WOS:000238354800019 PM 16793410 ER PT J AU Kang-Sickel, JC Gold, A Ball, LM Karupiah, J Nylander-French, LA Parron, V Klapper, DG French, JE AF Kang-Sickel, J. Connie Gold, Avram Ball, Louise M. Karupiah, Jayaraj Nylander-French, Leena A. Parron, Vandy Klapper, David G. French, John E. TI Detection of naphthalene keratin adducts in human skin using ELISA SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 2 MA 112 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098FO UT WOS:000241506600105 ER PT J AU Kodama, S Negishi, M AF Kodama, S Negishi, M TI Phenobarbital confers its diverse effects by activating the orphan nuclear receptor car SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE liver; CAR; nuclear receptors; hepatic metabolism; gluconeogenesis; hepatocellular carcinoma; gene transcription; cytochrome P450 ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM; RAT CYP2B2 GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE; BILE-ACID; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; DRUG-METABOLISM; DIABETIC RATS AB In the early 1960s, phenobarbital (PB) was shown to induce hepatic drug metabolism and the induction was implicated in the molecular mechanism of drug tolerance development. Since then, it has become evident that PB not only induces drug metabolism, but also triggers pleiotropic effects on liver function., such as cell growth and communication, proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum, tumor promotion, glucose metabolism, steroid/thyroid hormone metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. Upon activation by PB and numerous PB-type inducers, the nuclear receptor CAR mediates those pleiotropic actions by regulating various hepatic genes, utilizing multiple regulatory mechanisms. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov NR 62 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1080/03602530600569851 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 036YH UT WOS:000237112800007 PM 16684649 ER PT J AU Chang, DT Okino, MS Tornero-Velez, R Johnson, J Dary, CC Whitehead, TL Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS AF Chang, Daniel T. Okino, Miles S. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Johnson, Jeffre Dary, Curtis C. Whitehead, Tracy L. Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. TI An in silico investigation of the enantioselective metabolism rates of triazole fungicides SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 2 MA 232 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098FO UT WOS:000241506600225 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ DeVito, MJ Hughes, MF Ross, MK AF Godin, Stephen J. DeVito, M. J. Hughes, M. F. Ross, M. K. TI Species differences in the in vitro metabolism of pyrethroid pesticides SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 Univ N Carolina, Curr Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mississippi State Univ, CEHS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 2 MA 309 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098FO UT WOS:000241506600301 ER PT J AU Scollon, EJ Hughes, MF DeVito, MJ Starr, JM AF Scollon, Edward J. Hughes, Michael F. DeVito, Michael J. Starr, James M. TI Oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism of type I pyrethroids in rat and human hepatic microsomes SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, HEASD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 2 MA 339 BP 221 EP 221 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098FO UT WOS:000241506600331 ER PT J AU Tong, Z Jordan, R Chandrasekaran, A DeMaio, W Li, HS Carbonaro, M Talaat, R Hultin, T Scatina, J AF Tong, Zeen Jordan, Ronald Chandrasekaran, Appavu DeMaio, William Li, Hongshan Carbonaro, Michael Talaat, Rasmy Hultin, Theresa Scatina, JoAnn TI Species differences in the formation of a carbamoyl glucuronide metabolite of SCA-136 SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEER, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, HEASD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 2 MA 340 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098FO UT WOS:000241506600332 ER PT J AU Pinto, AD Bustamante, MMC Da Silva, MRSS Kisselle, KW Brossard, M Kruger, R Zepp, RG Burke, RA AF Pinto, Alexandre de S. Bustamante, Mercedes M. C. da Silva, Maria Regina S. S. Kisselle, Keith W. Brossard, Michel Kruger, Ricardo Zepp, Richard G. Burke, Roger A. TI Effects of different treatments of pasture restoration on soil trace gas emissions in the cerrados of central Brazil SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Brazilian savanna; pasture reformation; trace gases ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; HUMID TROPICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NO EMISSIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; COSTA-RICA; N2O; FLUXES; AMAZON; FOREST AB Planted pastures ( mainly Brachiaria spp) are the most extensive land use in the cerrado (savannas of central Brazil) with an area of approximately 50 x 10(6) ha. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of pasture restoration on the N dynamics ( net N mineralization/ nitrification, available inorganic N and soil N oxide gas fluxes - NO and N2O), C dynamics (CO2 fluxes and microbial biomass carbon), and diversity of the soil bacterial community using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles. Sampling was done monthly on a farm in Planaltina, Goias, Brazil (15 degrees 13'S, 47 degrees 42 'W) from November 2001 to April 2002. Three areas of cerradao ( dense cerrado) were converted to pasture ( Brachiaria brizantha) in 1991, and after 8 years degradation was evident with the decreasing plant biomass production. Methods to restore these pastures were investigated for their sustainability, principally their effects on trace gas emissions. The pastures have been managed since 1999 as follows: 1) fertilized plot (N = 60 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), P = 12 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)); 2) grass - legume plot, Brachiaria associated with a legume ( Stylosanthes guianensis) with addition of P (12 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)); and 3) a traditional plot without management. A fourth area of cerradao was converted to pasture in 1999 and was not managed ( young pasture). Ammonium was the predominant inorganic N form in the soils (similar to 76 mg N kg(-1)) for all treatments throughout the study. In December 2001 a reduction in average soil N-NH4+ was observed (similar to 30 mg N kg(-1)) compared to November 2001, probably related to plant demand. All plots had high variability of soil N gases emissions, but during the wet season, the NO and N2O soil fluxes were near zero. The results of the water addition experiment made during the dry season ( September 2002) indicated that the transition of dry to wet season is an important period for the production of N gases in the fertilized pasture and in the young pasture. Soil CO2 fluxes also increased after the water addition and the grass - legume plot had the highest increase in soil respiration ( from similar to 2 to 8.3 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). The lowest values of soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon (similar to 320 mg C kg(-1) soil) tended to be observed in the young pasture, because the superficial layer of the soil ( 0 - 10 cm) was removed during the conversion to pasture. Trace gas emissions measured after the water addition experiment corresponded to rapid changes in the soil bacterial community. The young pasture sample showed the lowest level of similarity in relation to the others, indicating that the bacterial community is also influenced by the time since conversion. This study indicates that the restoration technique of including Stylosanthes guianensis with B. brizantha increases plant productivity without the peaks of N oxide gas emissions that are often associated with the use of N fertilizers. Additionally, the soil bacterial community structure may be restored to one similar to that of native cerrado grasslands, suggesting that this restoration method may beneficially affect bacterially mediated processes. C1 Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70929970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Austin Coll, Sherman, TX 75090 USA. IRD, Montpellier, France. Univ Catolica Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Bustamante, MMC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Campus Univ Darcy Ribeiro,ICC Sul, BR-70929970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mercedes@unb.br NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2006 VL 10 AR 1 DI 10.1175/EI146.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 096ED UT WOS:000241359300001 ER PT S AU Cormier, SM AF Cormier, SM BE Arapis, G Goncharova, N Baveye, P TI Ecoepidemiology: A means to safeguard ecosystem services that sustain human welfare SO Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ecotoxicology Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors CY OCT 12-15, 2004 CL Poros, GREECE SP NATO ID IMPAIRMENTS; INFERENCE AB Ecosystem services are required to sustain human life and enhance its quality. Hence, environmental security must come from protecting and managing those services. Ecological risk assessment can predict and estimate effects of proposed actions, but it is insufficient alone for two reasons. First, it can fail because of inadequate application, unforeseen stressors, or unpredictable effects. Second, in many cases ecosystem services that sustain life are already impaired, resulting in reduced human welfare. For these reasons, environmental security requires the development of ecoepidemiology, a science that will identify impaired ecosystem services and determine the causes of impairment so that remediation and restoration can occur. A method for causal analysis, developed to identify causes of impairment in aquatic ecosystems, may provide a template that can be adapted to identify the causes of diminished ecosystem services and the resulting reductions in human welfare. Some of the challenges for adapting the existing method include explicitly defining ecosystem services required to sustain human life, appropriately matching the scale of the analysis to the ecological processes that deliver those services, and possibly customizing the logical considerations used in causal analysis. Advancing the science of ecoepidemiology holds the promise of helping scientists frame and guide rational debate, providing a sound basis from which to launch risk assessment and risk management scenarios, and ultimately informing environmental decision-making that affects human welfare, development and environmental security within acceptable risks. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cormier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-4474-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2006 VL 6 BP 57 EP 72 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BED16 UT WOS:000236865900004 ER PT J AU Pasurka, CA AF Pasurka, CA TI Decomposing electric power plant emissions within a joint production framework SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Conference of the Western-Economic-Association CY JUL, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Western Econom Assoc DE emission decomposition; joint production ID AIR-POLLUTION; EFFICIENCY; TRANSITION; INDUSTRY; INDEXES; GROWTH; ENERGY; SO2; NOX; CO2 AB This study calculates the relative importance of factors associated with changes in NO., and SO, emissions by coal-fired electric power plants between 1987 and 1995 using distance functions to model the joint production of good and bad outputs. This new decomposition model calculates changes in emissions (the bad outputs) associated with changes in technical efficiency, technical change, growth of fuel and non-fuel inputs, and changes in the mix of good and bad outputs. This study finds that declining SO, emissions are primarily associated with changes in the output mix, while declining NOx emissions are associated with declining fuel consumption and changes in the output mix. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pasurka, CA (reprint author), US EPA, 1809T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pasurka.carl@epa.gov RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 32 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2005.08.002 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 011HV UT WOS:000235259900002 ER PT J AU van Vuuren, DP Weyant, J de la Chesnaye, F AF van Vuuren, DP Weyant, J de la Chesnaye, F TI Multi-gas scenarios to stabilize radiative forcing SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE model comparison; mitigation scenarios; climate change; non-CO2 gases; stabilization scenarios ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COSTS AB Using the results of a recent model comparison study performed by the Energy Modeling Forum, we have shown in this paper that including non-CO2, gases in mitigation analysis is crucial in the formulation of a cost-effective response. In the absence of climate policies, the emissions of non-CO2, greenhouse increase from 2.7 GtC-eq/year in 2000 to 5.1 GtC-eq/year in 2100 (averaged across all the models). A multi-gas reduction strategy stabilizing radiative forcing at 4.5 W/m(2) (compared to pre-industrial) reduces the emissions (on average) to 2.5 GtC-eq. Such an approach leads to a cost reduction of 30-40% compared to a CO2 only reduction strategy for the same target. The choices of a target and how the gases are valued form an essential part of developing multi-gas strategies. Model results show that using IPCC global warming potentials (GWPs) as basis for substitution has large consequences for the timing of methane reductions. In this context, further research and assessment on multi-gas metrics, going beyond the mere physical aspects, are important for both research and policy-making. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MNP, Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP van Vuuren, DP (reprint author), RIVM, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM detlef.van.vuuren@rivm.nl OI van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831 NR 27 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 102 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2005.10.003 PG 19 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 011HV UT WOS:000235259900006 ER PT J AU Weyant, JR de la Chesnaye, FC Blanford, GJ AF Weyant, John R. de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Blanford, Geoff J. TI Overview of EMF-21: Multigas mitigation and climate policy SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Weyant, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Room 446 Terman Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM weyant@stanford.edu; delachesnaye.francisco@epa.gov; gblanford@epri.com NR 24 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100002 ER PT J AU Scheehle, EA Kruger, D AF Scheehle, Elizabeth A. Kruger, Dina TI Global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Methane and Nitrous Oxide emissions contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions globally, with an estimated total of 1,618 and 950 million metric tons of carbon equivalent in 2000, respectively. The estimates of these gases are highly dependent on country specific activity data and emission factors. Most countries are presently or are in the process of developing greenhouse gas inventories and projections. Developed countries are using more in-depth, detailed methodologies, activity data, and emissions factors and are passing on this knowledge to other countries through bilateral and multilateral processes. In order to take advantage of this newly available information, we have incorporated the detailed country prepared inventories and projections into an overall global estimation framework. The source and country level estimation methodology presented in this study allows for more accurate anthropogenic emission level estimates at a global level. The results show a slow growth in the recent historical period with quicker growth to 2020, under a without measures scenario. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Scheehle, EA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM scheehle.elizabeth@epa.gov; kruger.dina@epa.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100003 ER PT J AU Delhotal, KC de la Chesnaye, FC Gardiner, A Bates, J Sankovski, A AF Delhotal, K. Casey de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Gardiner, Ann Bates, Judith Sankovski, Alexei TI Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from waste, energy and industry SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Traditionally, economic analyses of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation focused on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy sources, while non-CO2 GHGs were not incorporated into the studies, due to the lack of data on abatement costs of non-CO2 GHGs. In recent years, however, increasing attention has been dedicated to the benefits of reducing emissions of non-CO2 GHGs such as methane and nitrous oxide. Increased attention to the potential role of these gases in a GHG reduction policy increased the need for better data on the costs of non-CO2 GHG abatement for countries and regions outside of the US and the European Union (EU). Using a net present value calculation, this analysis develops regionally adjusted costs per mitigation option and marginal abatement cost curves by region for use in economic models. The result is worldwide cost estimates for methane and nitrous oxide from waste, energy and the industrial sectors. This paper also demonstrates the ability to significantly reduce greenhouse gases from these sectors with current technologies and the low cost of methane and nitrous oxide relative to CO2 reductions. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. AEA Technol, Didcot OX11 0QJ, Oxon, England. ICF Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Delhotal, KC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,6202J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM delhotal.casey@epa.gov; delachesnaye.francisco@epa.gov; ann.gardiner@aeat.co.uk; judith.bates@aeat.co.uk; asankovski@icfconsulting.cont NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 45 EP 62 PG 18 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100004 ER PT J AU Schaefer, DO Godwin, D Harnisch, J AF Schaefer, Deborah Ottinger Godwin, Dave Harnisch, Jochen TI Estimating future emissions and potential reductions of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Atmospheric concentrations of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 have been growing rapidly over the last 100 years, and they have the potential to continue growing rapidly, given the high growth rates of some emitting industries and the role of HFCs and PFCs as replacements for ozone-depleting substances. This analysis estimates global emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 from twelve source categories for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and provides guidance for projecting emissions beyond 2020. It also presents 2010 and 2020 marginal abatement cost curves (MACs) for the same source categories. To address issues unique to the fluorinated gases, the analysis accounts for the impact of international industry agreements to voluntarily reduce emission rates, and it aggregates emissions and MACs by gas lifetime as well as economic sector. Results indicate the availability of large, low-cost reductions, especially in developing countries, and the importance of better characterizing these reductions in future analysis. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ecofys Energy & Environm, D-90443 Nurnberg, Germany. RP Schaefer, DO (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ottinger.deborah@epa.gov; godwin.dave@epa.gov; j.harnisch@ecofys.de NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 63 EP 88 PG 26 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100005 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, BJ de la Chesnaye, FC Beach, RH Sommer, A Murray, BC AF DeAngelo, Benjamin J. de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Beach, Robert H. Sommer, Allan Murray, Brian C. TI Methane and nitrous oxide mitigation in agriculture SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; MODEL AB This analysis presents cost estimates for mitigating nitrous oxide from cropland soils, and methane from livestock enteric fermentation, manure management and rice cultivation for major world regions. Total estimated global mitigation potential is approximately 64 MtCeq. in 2010 at negative or zero costs, 141 MtCeq. at $200/TCeq., and up to 168 MtCeq. at higher costs. Costs for individual options range from negative to positive in nearly every region, depending on emission, yield, input, labor, capital cost, and outside revenue effects. Future assessment requires improved accounting for multiple greenhouse gas effects, heterogeneity of emissions and yields, baseline management conditions, identification of options that generate farmer and societal benefits, adoption feasibility, and commodity market effects into mitigation decisions. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP DeAngelo, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM deangelo.ben@epa.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 89 EP 108 PG 20 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100006 ER PT J AU Sathaye, J Makundi, W Dale, L Chan, P Andrasko, K AF Sathaye, Jayant Makundi, Willy Dale, Larry Chan, Peter Andrasko, Kenneth TI GHG mitigation potential, costs and benefits in global forests: A dynamic partial equilibrium approach SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; LAND-USE; CARBON; MODEL; DEFORESTATION; OPTIONS AB This paper reports on the global potential for carbon sequestration inforest plantations, and the reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation, in response to six carbon price scenarios from 2000 to 2100. These carbon price scenarios cover a range typically seen in global integrated assessment models. The world forest sector was disaggregated into ten regions, four largely temperate, developed regions: the European Union, Oceania, Russia, and the United States; and six developing, mostly tropical, regions: Africa, Central America, China, India, Rest of Asia, and South America. Three mitigation options-long- and short-rotation forestry, and the reduction of deforestation-were analyzed using a global dynamic partial equilibrium model (GCOMAP). Key findings of this work are that cumulative carbon gain ranges from 50.9 to 113.2 Gt C by 2100, higher carbon prices early lead to earlier carbon gain and vice versa, and avoided deforestation accounts for 51 to 78% of modeled carbon gains by 2100. The estimated present value of cumulative welfare change in the sector ranges from a decline of $158 billion to a gain of $81 billion by 2100. The decline is associated with a decrease in deforestation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sathaye, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JASathaye@lbl.gov NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 127 EP 162 PG 36 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100008 ER PT J AU Fawcett, AA Sands, RD AF Fawcett, Allen A. Sands, Ronald D. TI Non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the second generation model SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Second Generation Model (SGM) was developed to analyze policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper documents how greenhouse gas emissions are calculated in the SGM, and provides an application to several Energy Modeling Forum scenarios that stabilize radiative forcing by using policies that either exclusively limit CO2 emissions or include both CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases. Additionally, this paper discusses an extension which includes advanced fossil generating technologies with CO2 capture and storage in the USA region of the SGM. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Fawcett, AA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100016 ER PT J AU Huffman, GL Lee, CC Rolander, S White, JT AF Huffman, G. L. Lee, C. C. Rolander, Steven White, Jennifer T. TI A summary of the EPA's Fuel Cell Program dealing with the environmental life cycle assessment SO ENERGY SOURCES PART B-ECONOMICS PLANNING AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE fuel cells; environmental life cycle analysis AB This article summarizes the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Risk Management Research Laboratory's Fuel Cell Program (www.epa.gov/ORD/ NRMRL/std/fuelcell) and presents interim findings of an ongoing project aimed at quantifying how clean fuel cell technology is from "cradle-to-grave" compared to conventional power generation processes. Data and data sources will be reviewed by fuel cell type ( polymer exchange membrane, phosphoric acid fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, etc.) and life cycle stage ( manufacture, use, end of life). Data gaps will also be identified as well as proposed EPA strategies for filling these "knowledge" gaps regarding the environmental attributes of fuel cells. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Reston, VA USA. RP Huffman, GL (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM huffman.george@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7257 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART B JI Energy Sources Part B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1080/009083190893442 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 090PP UT WOS:000240963500006 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Traina, SJ AF Beak, Douglas G. Basta, Nicholas T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Traina, Samuel J. TI Bioaccessibility of arsenic bound to corundum using a simulated gastrointestinal system SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Al oxides; arsenic; arsenic bioaccessibility; bioavailability; EXAFS; speciation ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; WATER INTERFACE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOLID MEDIA; BIOAVAILABILITY; SOIL; LEAD; ADSORPTION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY AB Arsenate adsorbed to oxide surfaces may influence the risk posed by incidental ingestion of arsenic-contaminated soil. Arsenate sorbed to corundum (alpha-Al(2)O(3)), a model Al oxide, was used to simulate ingested soil that has As(V) sorbed to Al oxides. An in vitro assay was used to simulate the gastrointestinal tract and ascertain the bioaccessibility of arsenate bound to corundum. The surface speciation of arsenate was determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The arsenate sorption maximum was found to be 470 mg kg(-1) and the surface speciation of the sorbed arsenate was inner-sphere binuclear bidenate. The AsV was found to only be bioaccessible during the gastric phase of the in vitro assay. When the sorbed AsV was < 470 mg kg(-1) (i.e., the sorption maxima) the bioaccessible As was below detection levels, but when sorbed AsV was = 470 mg kg(-1) the bioaccessible As ranged from 9 to 16%. These results demonstrate that the bioaccessibility of arsenate is related to the concentration and the arsenate binding capacity of the binding soil. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43209 USA. US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Basta, NT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43209 USA. EM basta.4@osu.edu RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1071/EN05067 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062BU UT WOS:000238920200007 ER PT J AU Townsend, T Dubey, B Tolaymat, T AF Townsend, T Dubey, B Tolaymat, T TI Interpretation of synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) results for assessing risk to groundwater from land-applied granular waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE leaching test; SPLP; k(d); DF; liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S); granular waste; beneficial use ID WOOD ASH; SOIL; COPPER AB Scientists and engineers often rely on results from the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) to assess the risk of groundwater contamination posed by the land application of granular solid wastes. The concentrations of pollutants in SPLP leachate can be measured and compared to groundwater quality criteria to determine if groundwater contamination is likely. These results are applied, however, inconsistently among regulatory agencies because of uncertainty over whether the SPLP leachate concentrations represent the actual pore water concentrations expected in the waste, or whether they represent diluted concentrations as might be expected in an underlying aquifer. Depending on the waste in question, the SPLP results can represent either condition. Research was conducted to examine the use of the SPLP for assessing risk to groundwater from a granular waste that is land applied in a manner consistent with use as fill material. Theoretical considerations were first explored. The complexities associated with the application of SPLP results were then illustrated by testing five granular wastes. In addition to measuring the total concentration and performing the SPLP, the wastes were leached at a series of liquid-to-solid ratios to estimate likely pore-water concentrations. The use of generic leaching risk screening levels (mg/kg) derived for soils were found inappropriate. The application of a dilution factor to the SPLP concentrations was found to underestimate possible risk in most cases. Comparing the SPLP directly to water quality limits was found to be conservative in most situations; several observations were made, however, where the SPLP underestimated pore water concentrations. The use of a total pollutant concentration (mg/kg) in conjunction with a SPLP concentrations (mg/L) to estimate a pore water concentration was found unreliable; this method underestimated the measured pore water concentrations. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Townsend, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ttown@ufl.edu RI Dubey, Brajesh/B-9677-2008; Townsend, Timothy/D-1981-2009 OI Dubey, Brajesh/0000-0002-6991-7314; Townsend, Timothy/0000-0002-1222-0954 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.23.239 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002OK UT WOS:000234620600022 ER PT B AU Benes, I Novak, J Pinto, JP AF Benes, Ivan Novak, Jiri Pinto, Joseph P. BE Donnelly, KC Cizmas, LH TI Air pollution in Teplice and Prachatice in 1995 and 2003 - A comparison after 8 years SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Central and Eastern European Environmental Health Conference CY OCT 24, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registy, BIOGENIC, Boise State Univ, SlovAm, Superfund Basic Res Program DE Czech Republic; Teplice; Prachatice; air pollution; sulfur dioxide; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; ozone; particulate matter 2.5; particulate matter 10; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; benzo[a]pyrene AB Air pollution in Teplice and Prachatice, two cities in the Czech Republic, has been monitored from 1992 until the present. Since 1995, the same sampling and analytical methods, instruments for both sampling and analyses, and QA/QC procedures have been used in both cities. For these two locations, this study compared the annual concentrations Of SO2, NO, NO2, CO, O-3, ambient particulate matter < 2.5 mu m and < 10 mu m (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the sum of carcinogenic PAHs, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Time and site differences were also evaluated. Teplice and Prachatice were chosen for long term study because of the contrast in air quality and sources of pollution in the two cities. The area surrounding Teplice was highly industrialized and contaminated, while Prachatice was located in a rural area with better air quality. During the period from 1995 to 2003, all major air pollution sources were either closed or had contaminant control devices installed, and most residences switched to cleaner heating sources. On the other hand, automobile traffic increased during this period throughout the Czech Republic. In Teplice, concentrations of SO2 and total PAHs were lower in 2003 than in 1995, whereas CO and ozone concentrations increased over this period. The data indicate that in the rural area of Prachatice, there was a decrease in SO2, total PAHs, carcinogenic PAHs and BaP. Data from the rural community also reflect an increase in CO and particulate matter (both PM2.5 and PM10). Overall, the results from air quality monitoring in an industrialized and a rural area of the Czech Republic in 1995 and in 2003 appear to reflect changes in factory emissions and traffic density. C1 [Benes, Ivan] Hlth Inst Usti Labem, Reg Site,Wolkerova 3, Teplice 41501, Czech Republic. [Novak, Jiri] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague 14306, Czech Republic. [Pinto, Joseph P.] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Benes, I (reprint author), Hlth Inst Usti Labem, Reg Site,Wolkerova 3, Teplice 41501, Czech Republic. FU Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic; US Environmental Protection Agency; project PHARE II FX The study was sponsored by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and project PHARE II.The authors would also like to thank all of the people who collaborated during this 12-year study on data collection and other activities. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4844-0 PY 2006 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4845-9_2 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BFF30 UT WOS:000241576300002 ER PT B AU Griffin, S Schmittdiel, P Brattin, W AF Griffin, Susan Schmittdiel, Paula Brattin, William BE Donnelly, KC Cizmas, LH TI A public health approach to identifying and reducing lead exposures at a mining site SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Central and Eastern European Environmental Health Conference CY OCT 24, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registy, BIOGENIC, Boise State Univ, SlovAm, Superfund Basic Res Program DE lead exposure; risk assessment; public health evaluation; mining sites AB Eureka City, Utah, was the site of mining, milling, and smelting activities that resulted in contamination of soil with lead. The lead is mainly in the form of lead carbonate, which is readily bioavailable. Children in Eureka had elevated blood lead levels (24% above 10 mu g/dL). Recreational exposures on waste piles were also associated with increased risk of elevated blood lead. To reduce lead exposures, contaminated residential soils were removed or capped, and homes with contaminated dust were provided HEPA vacuums. Education programs, home visits by the community nurse, and regular blood lead testing programs were developed. Blood lead levels in younger children have decreased in recent years. C1 [Griffin, Susan; Schmittdiel, Paula] US EPA, Reg 8,999 18th St, Denver, CO USA. [Brattin, William] Syracuse Res Corp, Denver, CO USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8,999 18th St, Denver, CO USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4844-0 PY 2006 BP 161 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4845-9_20 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BFF30 UT WOS:000241576300020 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, KP Williams, AH Dufour, AP AF Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, KP Williams, AH Dufour, AP TI Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming-associated gastrointestional illness SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bathing beaches; cohort studies; diarrhea; gastrointestinal diseases; Great Lakes Region; recreational water; swimming; water quality ID DRINKING-WATER; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SEWAGE; CONSUMPTION; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; TRIAL AB Standard methods to measure recreational water quality require at least 24 hr to obtain results, making it impossible to assess the quality of water within a single day. Methods to measure recreational water quality in ! 2 hr have been developed. Application of rapid methods could give considerably more accurate and timely assessments of recreational water quality. We conducted a prospective study of beachgoers at two Great Lakes beaches to examine the association between recreational water quality, obtained using rapid methods, and gastrointestinal (Gl) illness after swimming. Beachgoers were asked about swimming and other beach activities and 10-12 days later were asked about the occurrence of GI symptoms. We tested water samples for Enterococcus and Bacteroides species using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We observed significant trends between increased GI illness and Enterococcus at the Lake Michigan beach and a positive trend for Enterococcus at the Lake Erie beach. The association remained significant for Enterococcus when the two beaches were combined. We observed a positive trend for Bacteroides at the Lake Erie beach, but no trend was observed at the Lake Michigan beach. Enterococcus samples collected at 0800 hr were predictive of GI illness that day. The association between Enterococcus and illness strengthened as time spent swimming in the water increased. This is the first study to show that water quality measured by rapid methods can predict swimming-associated health effects. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Calderon, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Calderon.rebecca@epa.gov NR 36 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 6 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1289/ehp.8273 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800033 PM 16393653 ER PT J AU Moglia, D Smith, A MacIntosh, DL Somers, JL AF Moglia, D Smith, A MacIntosh, DL Somers, JL TI Prevalence and implementation of IAQ programs in US schools SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air; asthma; children's health; environment; schools; survey AB In this study, we determined the extent to which U.S. schools are implementing indoor air quality (IAQ) programs. We administered a questionnaire on IAQ programs and practices to a representative sample of schools. Participants were asked to provide information on the use, administration, implementation, challenges, and benefits of the IAQ program in their school. We developed an IAQ Practice Index to determine the level of activity directed toward IAQ in schools. The index was computed based on responses to specific survey questions and was normalized to a range of 0 to 100. Each question was weighted qualitatively according to its contribution to strong IAQ management practices. Forty-two percent of schools in the United States have an IAQ management program, and there has been sustained growth from 1998 through 2002 in the number of schools that have such programs. Nearly half of those schools use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's IAQ Tools for Schools program. The IAQ Practice Index scores varied widely for schools with an IAQ management program, suggesting that having a program is not equivalent to implementing effective IAQ policies and procedures. Respondents indicated that their IAQ programs led to improved workplace satisfaction, fewer asthma attacks, fewer visits to the school nurse, and lower absenteeism. When actively supported by the school administration, an IAQ program appears to be a valuable factor in improving the learning environment for U.S. schoolchildren. C1 US EPA, Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Off Air, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Moglia, D (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Off Air, Indoor Environm Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 6609J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM moglia.dena@epa.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1289/ehp.7881 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800052 PM 16393672 ER PT J AU Willson, CS Weaver, JW Charbeneau, RJ AF Willson, CS Weaver, JW Charbeneau, RJ TI A screening model for simulating DNAPL flow and transport in porous media: theoretical development SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE multiphase flow; contaminant transport; screening model ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; DENSE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; 2-PHASE FLOW; DISSOLUTION; WATER AB In the last two decades there has been an increased awareness of the contamination of groundwater due to the presence of denserthan-water nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Numerous theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study the various processes that impact aquifer contamination. These studies have provided us with greater insight into the individual processes and the complex nature of the problem. In spite of this progress, there still exists a need within the environmental community for a simple tool that will allow us to analyze a DNAPL contamination scenario from free-product release to transport of soluble constituents to downgradient receptor wells. Such a model may be useful in source term characterization for DNAPL releases to groundwater. The objective of this manuscript is to present the conceptual model and formulate the equations and modules which are utilized in this screening model. Three hypothetical releases are simulated and the results discussed to demonstrate the application and usefulness of this model. Due to its simplicity and ease of use, this screening model will be useful to industry, regulatory agencies and educators for estimating the impact of a DNAPL release on an aquifer. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Willson, CS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 341D CEBA, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM cwillson@lsu.edu; weaver.jim@epamail.epa.gov; charbeneau@mail.utexas.edu RI Willson, Clinton/D-6571-2011 NR 66 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 16 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.10.008 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002SO UT WOS:000234631900002 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Robarge, WP Shendrikar, A Kimball, H AF Walker, JT Robarge, WP Shendrikar, A Kimball, H TI Inorganic PM2.5 at a US agricultural site SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ammonia; inorganic aerosol; PM2.5; agriculture; annular denuder ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA EMISSIONS; EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; PARTICULATE NITRATE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; EQUILIBRIUM AB In this study, we present approximately two years (January 1999-December 2000) of atmospheric NH3, NH4+, HCl, Cl-, HNO3, NO3-, SO2, and SO4- concentrations measured by the annular denuder/filter pack method at an agricultural site in eastern North Carolina. This site is influenced by high NH3 emissions from animal production and fertilizer use in the surrounding area and neighboring counties. The two-year mean NH3 Concentration is 5.6 (+/- 5.13) mu g m(-3). The mean concentration of total inorganic PM2.5, which includes SO4=, NO3-, NH4+, and Cl-, is 8.0 (+/- 5.84) mu g m(-3). SO4=, NO3-, NH4+, and Cl- represent, respectively, 53, 24, 22, and 1% of measured inorganic PM2.5. NH3 contributes 72% of total NH3 + NH4+, on an average. Equilibrium modeling of the gas + aerosol NH3/H2SO4/HNO3 system shows that inorganic PM2.5 is more sensitive to reductions in gas + aerosol concentrations of sulfate and nitrate relative to NH3. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Air Qual, Raleigh, NC 27626 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Mail Drop E305-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epamail.epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 53 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 139 IS 2 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.019 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017NU UT WOS:000235701100007 PM 16081193 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, D AF Mukerjee, D TI Special Section. Endocrine Disruptors - Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; CRYPTORCHIDISM; ABNORMALITIES; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; CHEMICALS; INUTERO C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mukerjee, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mukerjee.debdas@epa.gov RI donnot, andre/G-7776-2012 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.06.005 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000IY UT WOS:000234456100001 ER PT J AU Gulson, B Mizon, K Taylor, A Korsch, M Stauber, J Davis, JM Louie, H Wu, M Swan, H AF Gulson, B Mizon, K Taylor, A Korsch, M Stauber, J Davis, JM Louie, H Wu, M Swan, H TI Changes in manganese and lead in the environment and young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in gasoline - preliminary results SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE manganese; MMT; lead; young children; blood; house dust; soil; handwipes ID HOME PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; IN-HOUSE DUST; BLOOD MANGANESE; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-KINGDOM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EXPOSURE; URBAN; HEALTH; POPULATION AB A 4-year longitudinal study is being conducted to evaluate potential changes to the environment and exposure of young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) into Australia in 2001. The cohort consists of 57 females and 56 males, with an age range of 0.29-3.9 years. Samples are collected every 6 months from children in residences located at varying distances from major traffic thoroughfares in Sydney. Environmental samples include air, house, and daycare center dustfall, soil, dust sweepings, and gasoline; samples from the children include blood, urine, handwipes prior to and after playing outdoors, and a 6-day duplicate diet. All samples are analyzed for a suite of 20 elements using inductively coupled plasma methods. Results are presented for the first three 6-month sampling periods for lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). For dustfall accumulation, expressed as metal concentration/m(2)/30 days, there was no significant difference between homes and daycare centers for either Pb or Mn, no significant change over the three sampling periods (time) for Pb or Mn, and a positive relationship between "traffic exposure" (traffic volume and proximity to the road) and Pb but not Mn. Lead concentrations in soil was a significant predictor for Pb in the house dustfall. For handwipes, the concentrations of Pb and Mn in wipes taken from children after playing outdoors was usually significantly greater than those for wipes taken prior to playing. There was no significant association between the concentrations of either Pb or Mn in handwipes and traffic exposure, and there was no significant association between Pb concentrations in the handwipes and gender, although the latter showed a marginally significant association for Mn (P = 0.053). Age was related to Pb level in the handwipes, with older subjects having higher Pb levels, and there were significant decreases in Pb and Mn concentrations over time. Dustfall accumulation was a significant predictor for Pb in the handwipes, and dust sweepings were a significant predictor of Mn in handwipes. Blood lead (PbB) concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 19 mu g/dL (GM 2.6) (it = 269), and manganese in blood (MnB) ranged from 1.8 to 45 mu g/L (GM 11.6) (it = 254). There was no significant difference between females and males for either mean PbB or MnB; over time there was a significant decline in PbB but no significant change in MnB. The only significant predictor for PbB was dustfall accumulation, although dietary intake may also be important, and the only significant predictor for MnB was Mn in handwipes prior to playing. At this early stage of the investigation we have not been able to detect any increases in Mn in these environmental samples or blood samples potentially associated with the use of MMT; in fact the Mn levels in handwipes declined over time. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. CSIRO, Sydney, NSW 2070, Australia. Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Australian Govt Analyt Labs, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Gulson, B (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009; Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011; SWAN, Hilton/B-1426-2013 OI SWAN, Hilton/0000-0002-1608-3977 NR 76 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000IY UT WOS:000234456100010 PM 16337847 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Kauppi, PE Tikka, PM Angelstam, PK AF Mayer, AL Kauppi, PE Tikka, PM Angelstam, PK TI Conservation implications of exporting domestic wood harvest to neighboring countries SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; international trade; conservation; Finland; Russia ID CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SOUTHERN FINLAND; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; PROTECTED AREAS; RUSSIAN KARELIA; MANAGEMENT; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS AB Among wealthy countries, increasing imports of natural resources to allow for unchecked consumption and greater domestic environmental conservation has become commonplace. This practice can negatively affect biodiversity conservation planning if natural resource harvest is merely pushed across political borders. As an example, we focus on the boreal forest ecosystem of Finland and northwest Russia. While the majority of protected forests are in northern Finland, the majority of biodiversity is in southern Finland, where protection is more difficult due to high private ownership, and the effectiveness of functioning conservation networks is more uncertain due to a longer history of land use. In northwest Russia, the current protected areas are inadequate to preserve most of the region's naturally dynamic and old growth forests. Increased importation of wood from northwest Russia to Finland may jeopardize the long-term viability of species in high diversity conservation areas in both Russia and Finland, through isolating conservation areas and lowering the age of the surrounding forest mosaic. The boreal forest ecosystem of Fennoscandia and northwest Russia would thus be best conserved by a large scale, coordinated conservation strategy that addresses long-term conservation goals and wood consumption, forest industries, logging practices and trade. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Forest Sci, Sch Forest Engineers, SE-73921 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), Univ Tampere, Res Ctr Synergos, Yliopistonkatu 54, FIN-33100 Tampere, Finland. EM audrey.mayer@uta.fi OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 89 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.12.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037ZN UT WOS:000237187000003 ER PT J AU Garrison, AW AF Garrison, AW TI Probing the enantioselectivity of chiral pesticides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ATROPISOMERS; ALPHA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; DEGRADATION; SOIL; TRANSFORMATION; METALAXYL; TOXICITY; RATIOS C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. NR 35 TC 201 Z9 210 U1 7 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1021/es063022f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400013 PM 16433329 ER EF