FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kashkar, H Seeger, JM Hombach, A Deggerich, A Yazdanpanah, B Utermohlen, O Heimlich, G Abken, H Kronke, M AF Kashkar, Hamid Seeger, Jens-Michael Hombach, Andreas Deggerich, Anke Yazdanpanah, Benjamin Utermoehlen, Olaf Heimlich, Gerd Abken, Hinrich Kroenke, Martin TI XIAP targeting sensitizes Hodgkin lymphoma cells for cytolytic T-cell attack SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID INDUCED APOPTOSIS REQUIRES; CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; B-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GRANZYME-B; CASPASE ACTIVATION; CD95-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; MITOCHONDRIAL RELEASE; DEATH RECEPTOR; INHIBITION AB The immunosurveil lance of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is insufficient, and the clinical experience with adoptive transfer of CTLs is limited. We have previously reported that defects in mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and elevated XIAP expression confer resistance to different apoptotic stimuli in HL cells. Here, we aimed to develop molecular strategies to overcome the resistance of HIL cells against CTL-mediated killing via granzyme B (grzB). In HIL cells, grzB-induced mitochondrial release of proapoptotic Smac is blocked, which results in complete abrogation of cytotoxicity mediated by CTLs. Cytosolic expression of recombinant mature Smac enhanced caspase activity induced by grzB and restored the apoptotic response of HIL cells. Similarly, down-regulation of XIAP by RNA interference markedly enhanced the susceptibility of HL cells for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. XIAP gene knockdown sensitized HIL cells for killing by antigen-specific CTLs redirected by grafting with a chimeric antiCD30scFv-CD3zeta immunoreceptor. The results suggest that XIAP targeting by Smac agonists or XIAP-siRNA can be used as a synergistic strategy for cellular immunotherapy of Hodgkin lymphoma. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Med Microbiol Immunol & Hyg, Ctr Mol Med, D-50935 Cologne, Germany. Univ Cologne, Clin Internal Med 1, D-50935 Cologne, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kashkar, H (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Med Microbiol Immunol & Hyg, Ctr Mol Med, Goldenfesstr 19-21, D-50935 Cologne, Germany. EM h.kashkar@uni-koeln.de NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 10 BP 3434 EP 3440 DI 10.1182/blood-2006-05-021675 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 103VM UT WOS:000241915000035 PM 16868249 ER PT J AU Ryan, SP Li, XD Gullett, BK Lee, CW Clayton, M Touati, A AF Ryan, Shawn P. Li, Xiao-Dong Gullett, Brian K. Lee, C. W. Clayton, Matt Touati, Abderrahmane TI Experimental study on the effect of SO2 on PCDD/F emissions: Determination of the importance of gas-phase versus solid-phase reactions in PCDD/F formation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; MUNICIPAL WASTE; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; FLY-ASH; SULFUR; COMBUSTION; CARBON; COAL; INCINERATION AB Cofiring coal in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) has previously been reported to reduce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) emissions due to increasing the flue gas SO2 concentration. The present study was focused on understanding the primary mechanism responsible for the suppressant effect of SO2 on total PCDD/F formation and toxic equivalent (TEQ) emissions. The addition of SO2, simulating the effect of coal addition on the flue gas composition, resulted in significant reductions in the TEQ emissions due to reactions involving SO2 in the postcombustion zone. However, emissions of total PCDDs/Fs, unlike the TEQ value, were dependent upon the Cl-2 and SO2 injection temperatures due to increases in non-TEQ correlated isomers. The conversion of metal chlorides in the fly ash to sulfates, thus reducing the sites responsible for chlorination/oxidation reactions, was concluded to be the main suppressant mechanism; proposed reactions for copper and iron are presented. This mechanism was found to be independent of combustion conditions and could have prolonged effects on PCDD/F emissions from deposits formed with high flue gas S/Cl ratios. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Clean Energy Utilizat, Inst Thermal Power Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. ARCADIS G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ryan, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ryan.shawn@epa.gov NR 43 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 7040 EP 7047 DI 10.1021/es0615369 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104FJ UT WOS:000241941700030 PM 17154014 ER PT J AU Thurston, HW Burness, HS AF Thurston, Hale W. Burness, H. Stuart TI Promoting sustainable logging in Brazil's national forests: Tax revenue for an indemnity fund SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE indemnity fund; rainforest; non-market benefits; severance tax; FLONA ID NATURAL-RESOURCES; AMAZON; TAXATION; ECOLOGY; TIMBER AB The Brazilian government is rapidly establishing millions of hectares of national forests (FLONAs) in the Amazon rainforest. The strategy behind the establishment of the FLONAs is to bring legal logging to areas where it is more easily controlled, taxed, and sustainably managed than the "boom and bust" logging that occurs, and has historically occurred, on private property in the Amazon. Management of the FLONAs includes the levying of stumpage fees and administration taxes to generate operating revenue and foster more sustainable logging practices. We consider alternative policies available to FLONA administrators that, under a certain set of assumptions, are sufficient to indemnify some social costs of tropical deforestation. Specifically, we look at various rates of profit and severance tax and examine how these affect logging firms' decisions regarding harvest rates and how these taxes might be used to establish an indemnity fund. This fund could be used to cover the FLONA's operations costs, placate local non-loggers, and offset externalities of logging. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Mail Stop 498,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Thurston.Hale@epa.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.02.003 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 106LE UT WOS:000242101200005 ER PT J AU Machavaram, MV Whittemore, DO Conrad, ME Miller, NL AF Machavaram, Madhav V. Whittemore, Donald O. Conrad, Mark E. Miller, Norman L. TI Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; oxygen-18; deuterium excess; stream response; hydrograph separation; chloride; sulfate ID RIVER BASIN; CATCHMENT; WATER; STORMFLOW; CHEMISTRY; DEUTERIUM; GROUNDWATER; RUNOFF; TRACER; MODEL AB A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, O-18) and chemical (Cl, SO4)composition before and after two intense rain events. Following the first storm event, flow at the downstream locations was generated primarily through shallow subsurface flow and runoff whereas in the headwaters region - where a pond is located in the stream channel - shallow ground-water and pond outflow contributed to the flow. The distinct isotopic signatures of precipitation and the evaporated pond water allowed separation of the event water from the other sources that contributed to the flow. Similarly, variations in the Cl and SO4 concentrations helped identify the relative contributions of ground-water and soil moisture to the streamflow. The relationship between deuterium excess and Cl or SO4 content reveals that the early contributions from a rain event to strearnflow depend upon the antecedent climatic conditions and the position along the stream channel within the watershed. The design of this study, in which data from several locations within a watershed were collected, shows that in small streams changes in relative contributions from ground water and soil moisture complicate hydrograph separation, with surface-water bodies providing additional complexity. It also demonstrates the usefulness of combined chemical and isotopic methods in hydrologic investigations, especially the utility of the deuterium excess parameter in quantifying the relative contributions of various source components to the stream flow. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Machavaram, MV (reprint author), US EPA, Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, AWBERC, ML 421,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM machavaram.madhav@epa.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Whittemore, Donald/M-8875-2015 OI Whittemore, Donald/0000-0003-1679-6675 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 330 IS 3-4 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 105IN UT WOS:000242023700008 ER PT J AU Gilmour, PS Schladweiler, MC Nyska, A McGee, JK Thomas, R Jaskot, RH Schmid, J Kodavanti, UP AF Gilmour, Peter S. Schladweiler, Mette C. Nyska, Abraham McGee, John K. Thomas, Ronald Jaskot, Richard H. Schmid, Judy Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Systemic imbalance of essential metals and cardiac gene expression in rats following acute pulmonary zinc exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; COPPER DEFICIENCY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DIETARY ZINC; FUME FEVER; PARTICLES; HEART; LUNG; METALLOTHIONEIN AB It was recently demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) containing water-soluble zinc produces cardiac injury following pulmonary exposure. To investigate whether pulmonary zinc exposure produces systemic metal imbalance and direct cardiac effects, male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (12-14 wk age) were intratracheally (IT) instilled with saline or 2 mu mol/kg zinc sulfate. Temporal analysis was performed for systemic levels of essential metals (zinc, copper, and selenium), and induction of zinc transporter-2 (ZT-2) and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNA in the lung, heart, and liver. Additionally, cardiac gene expression profile was evaluated using Affymetrix GeneChips (rat 230A) arrays to identify zinc-specific effects. Pulmonary zinc instillation produced an increase in plasma zinc to similar to 20% at 1 and 4 h postexposure with concomitant decline in the lung levels. At 24 and 48 h postexposure, zinc levels rose significantly (similar to 35%) in the liver. At these time points, plasma and liver levels of copper and selenium also increased significantly, suggesting systemic disturbance in essential metals. Zinc exposure was associated with marked induction of MT-1 and ZT-2 mRNA in lung, heart, and liver, suggesting systemic metal sequestration response. Given the functional role of zinc in hundreds of proteins, the gene expression profiles demonstrated changes that are expected based on its physiological role. Zinc exposure produced an increase in expression of kinases and inhibition of expression of phosphatases; up- or downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function; changes in calcium regulatory proteins suggestive of elevated intracellular free calcium and increases in sulfotransferases; upregulation of potassium channel genes; and changes in free radical-sensitive proteins. Some of these expression changes are reflective of a direct effect of zinc on myocardium following pulmonary exposure, which may result in impaired mitochondrial respiration, stimulated cell signaling, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, and increased transcription of sulfotransferases. Cardiotoxicity may be an outcome of acute zinc toxicosis and occupational exposures to metal fumes containing soluble zinc. Imbalance of systemic metal homeostasis as a result of pulmonary zinc exposure may underlie the cause of extrapulmonary effects. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 65 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 22 BP 2011 EP 2032 DI 10.1080/15287390600746173 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 100DP UT WOS:000241648000003 PM 17074742 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Bischoff, KJ AF Wilkin, Richard T. Bischoff, Kelly J. TI Coulometric determination of total sulfur and reduced inorganic sulfur fractions in environmental samples SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop of the European-Union CY OCT 20-21, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP European Union DE sulfur; coulometry; site characterization; acid-volatile sulfide; chromium-reducible sulfur ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; PYRITE FORMATION; IRON SULFIDE; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; MINERALS; SOIL; BIOAVAILABILITY; TRANSFORMATION; METALS AB Evaluation of the solid-phase partitioning of sulfur is frequently an important analytical component of risk assessments at hazardous waste sites because minerals containing reduced-sulfur can significantly affect the transport and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in natural environments. We applied selected methods for the determination of total sulfur, acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS), and extractable-sulfate in standard reference materials and sediment samples from a contaminated site. A coulometric fitration method is presented and evaluated for total sulfur, AVS, and CRS. This method is especially advantageous for AVS and CRS detervainations because hydrogen sulfide gas evolved during chemical extraction is detected and quantitated in-line; consequently, measurement endpoints can be precisely determined without need for setting arbitrary time limits. The coulometric, method allows for improved data quality and increased laboratory throughput of samples. Data on sulfur partitioning are presented for four standard reference materials (NIST 1646a, NIST 27 80, CCRMP LKSD- 1, CCRMP RTS-3) for the purpose of supporting quality control in environmental studies involving the geochemical and biochemical cycling of sulfur. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.01.034 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 097XC UT WOS:000241481800013 PM 18970838 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Ferrell, JM Laws, SC Cooper, RL Buckalew, A AF Stoker, T. E. Ferrell, J. M. Laws, S. C. Cooper, R. L. Buckalew, A. TI Evaluation of ammonium perchlorate in the endocrine disruptor screening and testing program's male pubertal protocol: Ability to detect effects on thyroid endpoints SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium perchlorate; pubertal male assay; thyroid hormone; thyroid histology ID ETHER PBDE MIXTURE; MALE-RAT; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; SEXUAL-MATURATION; DRINKING-WATER; AXIS; CHEMICALS; HORMONE; DE-71 AB The U.S. EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) Tier I male pubertal protocol was designed as a screen to detect endocrine-disrupting chemicals which may alter reproductive development or thyroid function. One purpose of this in vivo screening protocol is to detect thyrotoxicants via a number of different mechanisms of action, such as thyroid hormone synthesis or clearance. Here we evaluate the ability of this EDSP male pubertal protocol to detect the known thyrotoxicant ammonium perchlorate as an endocrine disruptor. Ammonium perchlorate is a primary ingredient in rocket fuel, fertilizers, paints, and lubricants. Over the past 50 years, potassium perchlorate has been used to treat hyperthyroidism in humans. Perchlorate alters thyroid hormone secretion by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake by the thyroid gland. In this study, ammonium perchlorate was administered at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg to male Wistar rats based on a pilot study of oral dosing. Doses of 125-500 mg/kg perchlorate decreased T4 in a dose-dependent manner. TSH was significantly increased in a dose-responsive manner at the same doses, while T3 was unchanged at any dose. Thyroid histology was significantly altered at all doses, even at the 62.5 mg/kg, with a clear dose-dependent decrease in colloid area and increase in follicular cell height. No effects on preputial separation, a marker of pubertal progression, or reproductive tract development were observed at any dose. These results demonstrate that the male pubertal protocol is useful for detecting thyrotoxicants which target the thyroid axis by this mechanism (altered uptake of iodide). This study also found that perchlorate exposure during this period did not alter any of the reproductive developmental endpoints. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, MS-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.026 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 106XS UT WOS:000242135900007 PM 17011691 ER PT J AU McCulloch, SD Kunkel, TA AF McCulloch, Scott D. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI Multiple solutions to inefficient lesion bypass by T7 DNA polyrnerase SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA damage; DNA synthesis fidelity; DNA polymerase; replication errors; translesion synthesis ID SYN THYMINE DIMER; ERROR-PRONE; CIS-SYN; A-RULE; REPLICATION FIDELITY; POLYMERASE-ETA; TRANSLESION SYNTHESIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; ABASIC LESION AB We hypothesize that enzymatic switching during translesion synthesis (TLS) to relieve stalled replication forks occurs during transitions from preferential to disfavored use of damaged primer-templates, and that the polymerase or T-exonuclease used for each successive nucleotide incorporated is the one whose properties result in the highest efficiency and the highest fidelity of bypass. Testing this hypothesis requires quantitative determination of the relative lesion bypass ability of both TLS polymerases and major replicative polymerases. As a model of the latter, here we measure the efficiency and fidelity of cis-syn TT dimer and abasic site bypass using the structurally well-characterized T7 DNA polymerase. No bypass of either lesion occurred during a single round of synthesis, and the exonuclease activity of wild-type T7 DNA polymerase was critical in preventing TLS. When repetitive cycling of the exonuclease-deficient enzyme was allowed, limited bypass did occur but hundreds to thousands of cycles were required to achieve even a single bypass event. Analysis of TLS fidelity indicated that these rare bypass events involved rearrangements of the template and primer strands, insertions opposite the lesion, and combinations of these events, with the choice among these strongly depending on the sequence context of the lesion. Moreover, the presence of a lesion affected the fidelity of copying adjacent undamaged template bases, even when lesion bypass itself was correct. The results also indicate that a TT dimer presents a different type of block to the polymerase than an abasic site, even though both lesions are extremely potent blocks to processive synthesis. The approaches used here to quantify the efficiency and fidelity of TLS can be applied to other polymerase-lesion combinations, to provide guidance as to which of many possible polymerases is most likely to bypass various lesions in biological contexts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065070-17, Z01 ES065089-11] NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 EI 1568-7856 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1383 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.06.003 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 105TR UT WOS:000242055700008 PM 16876489 ER PT J AU Liu, SL Li, YH Shi, GY Chen, YH Huang, CW Hong, JS Wu, HL AF Liu, Shu-Lin Li, Yi-Heng Shi, Guey-Yueh Chen, Yung-Huan Huang, Chia-Wei Hong, Jau-Shyong Wu, Hua-Lin TI A novel inhibitory effect of naloxone on macrophage activation and atherosclerosis formation in mice SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DEFICIENT MICE; NADPH-OXIDASE; THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION; SUPEROXIDE GENERATION; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; NEOINTIMA FORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENDOTOXIC-SHOCK; CAROTID-ARTERY AB OBJECTIVES We investigated whether naloxone could reduce macrophage activation and influence atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis. Naloxone could inhibit activation of microglia, the resident macrophage in the nervous system. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of naloxone was evaluated by stimulating the macrophage cell culture and FVB mice with lipopolysaccharide or oxidized low-density lipoprotein with and without naloxone pretreatment. Apolipoprotein-E (apoE)-deficient mice received naloxone injection for 10 weeks, and the severity of aortic atherosclerosis was measured. The left common carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were ligated near the carotid bifurcation. The mice then received naloxone injection for 4 weeks after ligation, and the severity of neointima formation was evaluated. RESULTS Naloxone pretreatment significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and superoxide in macrophages after stimulation. In FVB mice, naloxone reduced the TNF-alpha level in circulation, inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs, and superoxide production in aorta. Naloxone injection significantly decreased the severity of aortic atherosclerosis in the apoE-deficient mice and carotid neointima formation in the C57BL/6 mice after ligation. CONCLUSIONS Naloxone, with its novel anti-inflammatory effect, significantly reduces atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Basic Med Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, HL (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM halnwu@mail.ncku.edu.tw NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1871 EP 1879 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.036 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102IO UT WOS:000241804400024 PM 17084265 ER PT J AU Sunderland, EM Gobas, FAPC Branfireun, BA Heyes, A AF Sunderland, Elsie M. Gobas, Frank A. P. C. Branfireun, Brian A. Heyes, Andrew TI Environmental controls on the speciation and distribution of mercury in coastal sediments SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Estuarine Biogeochemistry Symposium CY MAY, 2004 CL Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD SP UMCES HO Chesapeake Biol Lab DE methylmercury; Bay of Fundy; sulfide; organic enrichment; organic carbon; Southern Bound : 44 degrees 20 ' 20 '' N; Northern Bound : 45 degrees 13 ' 37 '' N; Western Bound : 67 degrees 23 ' 20 '' W; Eastern Bound : 65 degrees 49 ' 46 '' W ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; LAVACA BAY; METHYLATING BACTERIA; SULFATE STIMULATION; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PORE WATERS; METHYLMERCURY; ESTUARINE AB Methylmercury production by sulfate reducing bacteria in coastal sediments leads to bioaccumulation of mercury in fish, shellfish, and ultimately humans. Sulfur, organic carbon, and sediment structure and composition can all affect methylmercury production by changing the amount of bioavailable inorganic mercury and by stimulating the activity of methylating microbes. This study investigates total and methylmercury in solids and porewaters relative to total sulfide concentration, redox potential, sediment grain size, and total organic carbon in a range of sediment types from the Bay of Fundy region of Canada. Using these data, we construct a conceptual model of the biogeochemical environment surrounding methylating microbes in high sulfide, organically enriched sediments. Whereas other studies of methylmercury dynamics measured porewater sulfide concentrations in relatively low-sulfide systems (similar to 20-300 mu M), we measured total sulfide levels using a method developed to indicate organic enrichment across a much wider range of sulfidic sediments (10-4000 mu M). We observed that higher sulfide concentrations correspond to an elevated fraction of mercury in methylated form suggesting higher net methylation rates in these sediments. This relationship is strongest in sediments that are moderately impacted by organic enrichment, but weak in less impacted, aerobic sediments. Higher sulfide concentrations in porewaters containing dissolved organic matter appear to yield a geochemical environment that is conducive to uptake of Hg(II) by methylating bacteria. Data collected in this study imply that moderate levels of organic enrichment through fish farming may enhance methylmercury production in the Bay of Fundy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Univ Syst Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Congress St,Suite 1100 CWQ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov RI Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 NR 50 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.019 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 116EI UT WOS:000242784900009 ER PT J AU Heyes, A Mason, RP Kim, EH Sunderland, E AF Heyes, Andrew Mason, Robert P. Kim, Eun-Hee Sunderland, Elsie TI Mercury methylation in estuaries: Insights from using measuring rates using stable mercury isotopes SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Estuarine Biogeochemistry Symposium CY MAY, 2004 CL Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD SP UMCES HO Chesapeake Biol Lab DE mercury; methylmercury; methylation; demethylation; estuary; sediment ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; BAY CENTRAL CHANNEL; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; METHYLMERCURY; REDUCTION AB Rates of mercury (Hg) methylation and methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation in sediment of the Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay and Bay of Fundy were measured using stable isotopes of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg). Methylation of the isotope correlated well with in situ MeHg concentration, and MeHg turnover times were on the order of days. It was concluded that methylation was more important than demethylation in controlling the differences in concentrations of MeHg among ecosystems. Also in situ MeHg concentration appeared to be a good indicator of methylation activity in sediment across ecosystems. Examination of a temporal data set, collected from the vicinity of Hart Miller Island, Chesapeake Bay between 1998 and 2002, and a spatial data set of a longitudinal transect of the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay, is used to further examine the controls on Hg methylation and MeHg concentration. Microbial activity and the formation of sulfide appear to be at least as important as Hg concentration in controlling MeHg concentration in estuarine sediment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Heyes, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM heyes@cbl.umces.edu RI Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 NR 56 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.018 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 116EI UT WOS:000242784900011 ER PT J AU Porta, J Kolar, C Kozmin, SG Pavlov, YI Borgstahl, GEO AF Porta, Jason Kolar, Carol Kozmin, Stanislav G. Pavlov, Youri I. Borgstahl, Gloria E. O. TI Structure of the orthorhombic form of human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHANOCOCCUS-JANNASCHII; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; 6-N-HYDROXYLAMINOPURINE; FRAGMENTATION; VALIDATION; YEAST; GENE AB The structure of human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA) has been determined using diffraction data to 1.6 angstrom resolution. ITPA contributes to the accurate replication of DNA by cleansing cellular dNTP pools of mutagenic nucleotide purine analogs such as dITP or dXTP. A similar high-resolution unpublished structure has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank from a monoclinic and pseudo-merohedrally twinned crystal. Here, cocrystallization of ITPA with a molar ratio of XTP appears to have improved the crystals by eliminating twinning and resulted in an orthorhombic space group. However, there was no evidence for bound XTP in the structure. Comparison with substrate-bound NTPase from a thermophilic organism predicts the movement of residues within helix alpha 1, the loop before alpha 6 and helix alpha 7 to cap off the active site when substrate is bound. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc & Allied Dis, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Genet, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Borgstahl, GEO (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc & Allied Dis, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM gborgstahl@unmc.edu RI Kozmin, Stanislav/J-6849-2012 OI Kozmin, Stanislav/0000-0002-4128-4447 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 62 BP 1076 EP 1081 DI 10.1107/S1744309106041790 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 100PT UT WOS:000241681700006 PM 17077483 ER PT J AU Potter, LK Zager, MG Barton, HA AF Potter, Laura K. Zager, Michael G. Barton, Hugh A. TI Mathematical model for the androgenic regulation of the prostate in intact and castrated adult male rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE rodent ventral prostate; androgen receptor; testosterone; 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; testicular-hypothalamic-pituitary axis ID ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT; VENTRAL PROSTATE; BLOOD-FLOW; CELL-DEATH; STEROID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; SEXUAL-MATURATION; TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO AB The testicular-hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulates male reproductive system functions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for assessing the reproductive effects of environmental and pharmaceutical androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds. A mathematical model for the dynamics of androgenic synthesis, transport, metabolism, and regulation of the adult rodent ventral prostate was developed on the basis of a model by Barton and Anderson (1997). The model describes the systemic and local kinetics of testosterone (T), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and luteinizing hormone (LH), with metabolism of T to DHT by 5 alpha-reductase in liver and prostate. Also included are feedback loops for the positive regulation of T synthesis by LH and negative regulation of LH by T and DHT. The model simulates maintenance of the prostate as a function of hormone concentrations and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction. The regulatory processes involved in prostate size and function include cell proliferation, apoptosis, fluid production, and 5 alpha-reductase activity. Each process is controlled through the occupancy of a representative gene by androgen-AR dimers. The model simulates prostate dynamics for intact, castrated, and intravenous T-injected rats. After calibration, the model accurately captures the castration-induced regression of the prostate compared with experimental data that show that the prostate regresses to similar to 17 and 5% of its intact weight at 14 and 30 days postcastration, respectively. The model also accurately predicts serum T and AR levels following castration compared with data. This model provides a framework for quantifying the kinetics and effects of environmental and pharmaceutical endocrine active compounds on the prostate. C1 US EPA, ORD Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 57 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 291 IS 5 BP E952 EP E964 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00545.2005 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 092OC UT WOS:000241106200012 PM 16757547 ER PT J AU Finckh, A Cooper, GS Chibnik, LB Costenbader, KH Watts, J Pankey, H Fraser, PA Karlson, EW AF Finckh, Axel Cooper, Glinda S. Chibnik, Lori B. Costenbader, Karen H. Watts, Julie Pankey, Helen Fraser, Patricia A. Karlson, Elizabeth W. TI Occupational silica and solvent exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban women SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; ZEALAND MIXED MICE; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; PREVALENCE; CELLS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Objective. To assess the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with occupational exposure to silica dust and organic solvents in an urban population. Methods. Women with SLE were identified through both community screening and hospital databases in 4 predominantly African American neighborhoods in Boston. Female control patients were volunteers from the same communities and were screened for the absence of connective tissue disease. Demographic factors, smoking history, and a detailed occupational history, including exposures to specific chemicals, were obtained by in-person interviews. The exposure assessment was based on independent evaluation of the occupational history by 2 reviewers who were blinded to each subject's disease status. The risks associated with exposure to silica and solvents were analyzed using multivariate conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Ninety-five patients and 191 age- and race-matched controls were included in this analysis. Exposure to silica for longer than I year was associated with SLE (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.7-11.2). An exposure-response effect was seen for longer duration of exposures to silica (P for trend = 0.01). The association between occupational exposure to organic solvents and SLE was not statistically significant (OR 1.04, 95% C1 0.34-3.2). Conclusion. Silica exposure from a variety of industrial occupations in urban areas is associated with an increased risk of SLE. A longer duration of exposure to silica dust is associated with greater risks. This study provides further impetus for additional research into the influence of modifiable exposures on the pathogenesis of SLE. C1 Hop Beau Sejour, Div Rheumatol, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Finckh, A (reprint author), Hop Beau Sejour, Div Rheumatol, Ave Beau Sejour 26, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. EM afinckh@post.harvard.edu OI Finckh, Axel/0000-0002-1210-4347 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAMS NIH HHS [K24-AR-0524-01, P60-AR-4778, P60-AR-47782, R01-AR-49880]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R25-ES-10457-01] NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3648 EP 3654 DI 10.1002/art.22210 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 104TH UT WOS:000241981800032 PM 17075811 ER PT J AU Asano, Y Compton, JE Church, MR AF Asano, Yuko Compton, Jana E. Church, M. Robbins TI Hydrologic flowpaths influence inorganic and organic nutrient leaching in a forest soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil solution; throughfall; dissolved organic nitrogen; dissolved organic carbon; nitrate; cations; hydrogen isotopes; lysimeters; flowpaths; contact time ID TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA FOREST; COASTAL PICEA-SITCHENSIS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; RESIDENCE TIMES; NITROGEN EXPORT; GROWTH; CARBON; WATER; RATES AB Hydrologic pathways through soil affect element leaching by determining the relative importance of biogeochemical processes such as sorption and decomposition. We used stable hydrogen isotopes of water (delta D) to examine the influence of flowpaths on soil solution chemistry in a mature spruce-hemlock forest in coastal Oregon, USA. Soil solutions (50 cm depth, n = 13) were collected monthly for 1 year and analyzed for delta D, major ions and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON). We propose that the variability of delta D can be used as an index of flowpath length and contact time. Throughfall variability in delta D was much greater than soil solution variability, illustrating that soil solution integrates the variation in inputs. Lysimeters with greater variation in delta D presumably have a greater proportion of flow through rapid flowpaths such as macropores. The variation in soil solution delta D for individual lysimeters explained up to 53% of the variation in soil solution chemistry, and suggests that flowpaths influence leaching of some constituents. Soil solutions from lysimeters with greater delta D variation had higher DOC and DON (r(2) = 0.51 and 0.37, respectively), perhaps because transport via macropores reduces interaction of DOM with the soil matrix. In contrast, nitrate concentrations were highest in lysimeters with a small variation in delta D, where long contact time and low DOC concentrations may yield higher net nitrification. Our results demonstrate the utility of stable isotopes to link flowpaths and soil solution chemistry, and illustrate how the spatial complexity of soils can influence ecosystem-level nutrient losses. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Div Res,Univ Forests, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM compton.jana@epa.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9036-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 097NO UT WOS:000241454900005 ER PT J AU Boobis, AR Cohen, SM Dellarco, V McGregor, D Meek, ME Vickers, C Willcocks, D Farland, W AF Boobis, Alan R. Cohen, Samuel M. Dellarco, Vicki McGregor, Douglas Meek, M. E. (Bette) Vickers, Carolyn Willcocks, Deborah Farland, William TI IPCS framework for analyzing the relevance of a cancer mode of action for humans SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal-human concordance; DNA-reactive; carcinogens; human relevance framework for cancer; key events; mode of action; risk assessment AB The use of structured frameworks can be invaluable in promoting harmonization in the assessment of chemical risk. IPCS has therefore updated and extended its mode of action (MOA) framework for cancer to address the issue of human relevance of a carcinogenic response observed in an experimental study. The first stage is to determine whether it is possible to establish an MOA. This comprises a series of key events along the causal pathway to cancer, identified using a weight-of-evidence approach based on the Bradford Hill criteria. The key events are then compared first qualitatively and then quantitatively between the experimental animals and humans. Finally, a clear statement of confidence, analysis, and implications is produced. The IPCS human relevance framework for cancer provides an analytical tool to enable the transparent evaluation of the data, identification of key data gaps, and structured presentation of information that would be of value in the further risk assessment of the compound, even if relevancy cannot be excluded. This might include data on the shape of the dose-response curve, identification of any thresholds and recognition of potentially susceptible subgroups, for example, the basis of genetic or life-stage differences. C1 WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, Sect Expt Med & Toxicol, London, England. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Hlth Canada, Safe Environm Programme, Existing Subst Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Natl Ind Chem Notificat & Assessment Scheme, Sydney, NSW, Australia. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Vickers, C (reprint author), WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM vickersc@who.int OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 15 TC 215 Z9 221 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 781 EP 792 DI 10.1080/10408440600977677 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 107ZD UT WOS:000242208600001 PM 17118728 ER PT J AU Dellarco, VL McGregor, D Berry, C Cohen, SM Boobis, AR AF Dellarco, Vicki L. McGregor, Douglas Berry, Colin Cohen, Samuel M. Boobis, Alan R. TI Thiazopyr and thyroid disruption: Case study within the context of the 2006 IPCS Human Relevance Framework for analysis of a cancer mode of action SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Human Relevance; mode of action; thiazopyr; thyroid carcinogenesis ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; STIMULATING HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; GLAND; METABOLISM; HOMEOSTASIS; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; THYROXINE; INDUCTION AB Thiazopyr increases the incidence of male rat thyroid follicular-cell tumors; however, it is not carcinogenic in mice. Thiazopyr is not genotoxic. Thiazopyr exerts its carcinogenic effect on the rat thyroid gland secondary to enhanced metabolism of thyroxin leading to hormone imbalance. The relevance of these rat tumors to human health was assessed by using the 2006 IPCS Human Relevance Framework. The postulated rodent tumor mode of action was tested against the Bradford Hill criteria and was found to satisfy the conditions of dose and temporal concordance, biological plausibility, coherence, strength, consistency, and specificity that fits with a well-established mode of action for thyroid follicular-cell tumors. Although the postulated mode of action could theoretically operate in humans, marked quantitative differences in the inherent susceptibility for neoplasia to thyroid hormone imbalance in rats allows for the conclusion that thiazopyr does not pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Queen Mary, London, England. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Hlth, Toxicol Unit, London, England. RP Dellarco, VL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dellarco.vicki@epa.gov OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.1080/10408440600975242 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 107ZD UT WOS:000242208600002 PM 17118729 ER PT J AU Cohen, SM Boobis, AR Meek, ME Preston, RJ McGregor, DB AF Cohen, Samuel M. Boobis, Alan R. Meek, M. E. (Bette) Preston, R. Julian McGregor, Douglas B. TI 4-aminobiphenyl and DNA reactivity: Case study within the context of the 2006 IPCS Human Relevance Framework for analysis of a cancer mode of action for humans SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aromatic animes; hazard characterization; human relevance; mode of action; risk assessment; urinary bladder ID HUMAN UROEPITHELIAL CELLS; BLADDER CARCINOGEN 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; RETINOBLASTOMA GENE-PRODUCT; HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES; N-HYDROXY DERIVATIVES; HUMAN URINARY-BLADDER; NUCLEIC-ACID BINDING; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; AROMATIC-AMINES AB The IPCS Human Relevance Framework was evaluated for a DNA-reactive (genotoxic) carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl, based on a wealth of data in animals and humans. The mode of action involves metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation, followed by N-esterification leading to the formation of a reactive electrophile, which binds covalently to DNA, principally to deoxyguanosine, leading to an increased rate of DNA mutations and ultimately to the development of cancer. In humans and dogs, the urinary bladder urothelium is the target organ, whereas in mice it is the bladder and liver; in other species, other tissues can be involved. Differences in organ specificity are thought to be due to differences in metabolic activation versus inactivation. Based on qualitative and quantitative considerations, the mode of action is possible in humans. Other biological processes, such as toxicity and regenerative proliferation, can significantly influence the dose response of 4-aminobiphenyl-induced tumors. Based on the IPCS Human Relevance Framework, 4-aminobiphenyl would be predicted to be a carcinogen in humans, and this is corroborated by extensive epidemiologic evidence. The IPCA Human Relevance Framework is useful in evaluating DNA-reactive carcinogens. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, Sect Expt Med & Toxicol, London, England. Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Safe Environm Programme, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Toxicol Evaluat Consultants, Aberdour, Scotland. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM scohen@unmc.edu OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 115 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 803 EP 819 DI 10.1080/10408440600977651 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 107ZD UT WOS:000242208600003 PM 17118730 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM AF Zucker, Robert M. TI Whole insect and mammalian embryo imaging with confocal microscopy: Morphology and apoptosis SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; confocal microscopy; lysotracker red; embryos; limbs; fetus; mosquito larvae; fluorescence; BABB ID LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MOUSE EMBRYOS; SYSTEM PERFORMANCE; FLUORESCENCE; IMAGES AB Background: After fluorochromes are incorporated into cells, tissues, and organisms, confocal microscopy can be used to observe three-dimensional structures. LysoTracker Red (LT) is a paraformaldehyde fixable probe that concentrates into acidic compartments of cells and indicates regions of high lysosomal activity and phagocytosis, which both correlate to apoptosis activity. IT has been shown to be an indicator of apoptotic cell death which is correlated to other standard apoptotic assays. Methods: The mammalian samples were stained with IT, fixed with paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde, dehydrated with methanol (MEOH), and cleared with benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate (BABB). Following this treatment, the tissues were nearly transparent. Mosquitoes were fixed with MEOH and stained with propidium iodide. Next the tissues were dehydrated with MEOH and cleared with BABB. Results: Tissues as thick as 500 pm can be visualized after clearing with BABB. LT staining revealed apoptotic regions in mammalian limbs, fetuses, and embryos. Morphological observation of insect tissue consisted of combining autofluorescence with either nucleic acid staining (either propidium iodide or ethidium bromide). Conclusions: The use of BABB matches the RI of the tissue within the suspending medium. It helps in increasing the penetration of laser light in a confocal microscope by reducing the amount of light scattering artifacts and allows for the visualization of morphology in thick tissues. IT is a probe that stains the acid regions of tissues and cells and has been correlated to apoptosis. Morphological features of a tissue or organism (embryo, mosquito larvae) can be elucidated by fixation aldehydes, autofluorescence, and red-emitting probes. This sample preparation procedure with optimization of confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed for the detection and visualization of apoptosis in fetal limbs and embryos which were similar to 500-mu m thick. (c) 2006 international Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 43 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 69A IS 11 BP 1143 EP 1152 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20343 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 100RI UT WOS:000241685900006 PM 17051584 ER PT J AU McNyset, KM Blackburn, JK AF McNyset, Kristina M. Blackburn, Jason K. TI Does GARP really fail miserably? A response to Stockman et al. (2006) SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GARP; predictive ecological niche modelling ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PREDICTIVE MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALGORITHMS AB Stockman et al. (2006) found that ecological niche models built using DesktopGARP ' failed miserably' to predict trapdoor spider (genus Promyrmekiaphila) distributions in California. This apparent failure of GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production) was actually a failure of the authors' methods, that is, attempting to build ecological niche models using single data points. In this paper, we present a re-analysis of their original data using standard methods with the data appropriately partitioned into training/testing subsets. This re-evaluation generated accurate distributional predictions that we contrast with theirs. We address the consequences of model-building using single data points and the need for a foundational understanding of the principles of ecological niche modelling. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, GIS Publ Hlth, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McNyset, KM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD WED, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM mcnyset.kristina@epa.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2006.00281.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099UN UT WOS:000241621800017 ER PT J AU Luo, N Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR AF Luo, Ning Hatchett, David W. Rogers, Kim R. TI Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the electrochemical responses of a ferricyanide probe at template-modified self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE self-assembled monolayer; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; molecularly imprinted polymer ID MOLECULAR RECOGNITION SITES; AU ELECTRODES; PHOTOCHEMICAL IMPRINT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATERS AB The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the electrochemical responses of a ferricyanide probe using gold electrodes coated with template-containing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The thiolated compounds that were used to form SAMs included 1-hexadecanethiol, 11-mercapto-undecanoic acid, 11-mercaptoundecanol, and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS). When the SAMs were formed from 1-hexadecanethiol or 11-mercapto-undecanoic acid in the absence of pyrene, the SAM-modified electrodes prohibited access of the ferricyanide probe and no impact of pyrene was observed. SAM-modified electrodes (all except for MPTS) that were formed in the presence of pyrene then washed free of pyrene showed an increase in accessibility of the probe ferricyanide upon the addition of pyrene to the electrolyte solution. When electrodes were modified with MPTS to form stabilized SAMs in the presence of pyrene, however, a reduced redox current for the ferricyanide probe was observed with increased pyrene or naphthalene in the electrolyte solution. A degree of selectivity was noted in that this current response was not observed for addition of benzo[a]pyrene. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmosphere Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmosphere Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 22 BP 2180 EP 2187 DI 10.1002/elan.200603655 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 110WR UT WOS:000242412500004 ER PT J AU Albertini, R Bird, M Doerrer, N Needham, L Robison, S Sheldon, L Zenick, H AF Albertini, Richard Bird, Michael Doerrer, Nancy Needham, Larry Robison, Steven Sheldon, Linda Zenick, Harold TI The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; biomarkers; biomonitoring; exposure; methyl eugenol; organophosphorus; PBDE; PFOS; phthalates; risk assessment ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; METHYL EUGENOL; POPULATION; METHYLEUGENOL; ASSOCIATION; METABOLITES; PHTHALATE; LENGTH AB Biomonitoring uses analytic methods that permit the accurate measurement of low levels of environmental chemicals in human tissues. However, depending on the intended use, biomonitoring, like all exposure tools, may not be a stand-alone exposure assessment tool for some of its environmental public health uses. Although biomonitoring data demonstrate that many environmental chemicals are absorbed in human tissues, uncertainty exists regarding if and at what concentrations many of these chemicals cause adverse health outcomes. Moreover, without exposure pathway information, it is difficult to relate biomonitoring results to sources and routes of exposure and develop effective health risk management strategies. In September 2004, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and International Council of Chemical Associations co-sponsored the International Biomonitoring Workshop, which explored the processes and information needed for placing biomonitoring data into perspective for risk assessment purposes, with special emphasis on integrating biomarker measurements of exposure, internal dose, and potential health outcome. Scientists from international governments, academia, and industry recommended criteria for applying biomonitoring data for various uses. Six case studies, which are part of this mini-monograph, were examined: inorganic arsenic, methyl eugenol, organophosphorus pesticides, perfluorooctanesulfonate, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Based on the workshop and follow-up discussions, this overview article summarizes lessons learned, identifies data gaps, outlines research needs, and offers guidance for designing and conducting biomonitoring studies, as well as interpreting biomonitoring data in the context of risk assessment and risk management. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, N (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1755 EP 1762 DI 10.1289/ehp.9056 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300039 PM 17107864 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, LS Hubal, EAC AF Birnbaum, Linda S. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: A case study for using biomonitoring data to address risk assessment questions SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; exposure assessment; PBDE ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; ADULT MICE; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; PBDE MIXTURE AB The use of biomonitoring data holds promise for characterizing exposure and informing risk assessment. Biomonitoring data have been used successfully to track population trends, identify susceptible populations, and provide indications of emerging environmental health issues. However, there remain challenges associated with interpreting biomonitoring data for risk assessment. An international biomonitoring workshop was convened in September 2004 to explore the use of biomonitoring data in the context of risk assessment. Six compounds were examined as case studies for this workshop, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The PBDE case study was developed to provide an example of a persistent compound for which relatively few data are available for human exposure, biomonitoring, and health outcomes. PBDEs are used in hard plastics, electronics, textiles, and polyurethane foam products. The congener pattern downstream of production facilities often resembles the commercial mixture. However, because these compounds persist in the environment and in biota, the patterns of congeners evolve. PBDEs partition into body lipids, and direct measurement of bromodiphenyl ether congeners in biologic specimens provides a good marker of exposure. Data indicate significant variability (> 100-fold range) in lipid-adjusted levels for PBDEs in the general population. It is hypothesized that both exposure and pharmacokinetics; may play a role in observed congener profiles. Significant gaps in our ability to interpret PBDE biomonitoring data to address public health and risk assessment questions include limited knowledge of environmental fate and transport of PBDE congeners, limited population-based data for adults, and lack of data for potentially vulnerable populations such as children. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM birnbaum.linda@epa.gov NR 75 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1770 EP 1775 DI 10.1289/ehp.9061 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300041 PM 17107866 ER PT J AU Butenhoff, JL Olsen, GW Pfahles-Hutchens, A AF Butenhoff, John L. Olsen, Geary W. Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea TI The applicability of biomonitoring data for perfluorooctanesulfonate to the environmental public health continuum SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; exposure assessment; perfluorooctanesulfonate; PFOS; public health paradigm ID PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; HUMAN BLOOD; SULFONIC-ACID; HUMAN SERUM; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLUOROCHEMICALS AB Perfluorooctanesulfonate and its salts (PFOS) are derived from perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride, the basic chemical building block for many sulfonyl-based fluorochernicals used as surfactants and for their repellent properties. PFOS is highly persistent in the environment and has a long serum elimination half-life in both animals and humans. PFOS has been detected globally in the environment and in blood serum in various populations throughout the world, with the majority of human sampiing done in the United States and Japan. The mechanisms and pathways leading to the presence of PFOS in human blood are not well characterized but likely involve both direct exposures to PFOS or chemicals and materials that can degrade to PFOS, either in the environment or from industrial and commercial uses. In 2000 the 3M Company, a major manufacturer, announced a phaseout of PFOS-related materials. Animal studies indicate that PFOS is well absorbed orally and distributes mainly in blood serum and the liver. Several repeat-dose toxicology studies in animals consistently demonstrated that the liver is the primary target organ. In addition there is a steep dose response for mortality in sexually mature rats and primates as well as in neonatal rats and mice exposed in utero. Several biomonitoring research needs that have been identified on PFOS include additional data from general populations pertaining to other matrices besides blood; matched serum and urine samples from humans and research animals; and comparison of whole blood, serum, and plasma concentrations from the same individuals. C1 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Olsen, GW (reprint author), 3M Ctr, 3M Med Dept, Bldg 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM gwolsen@mmm.com NR 75 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1776 EP 1782 DI 10.1289/ehp.9060 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300042 PM 17107867 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF AF Hughes, Michael F. TI Biomarkers of exposure: A case study with inorganic arsenic SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; biomarker; biomonitoring; exposure; risk assessment ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); DRINKING-WATER; HUMAN URINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; COPPER SMELTER; DOSE-RESPONSE; SKIN-CANCER; WEST-BENGAL AB The environmental contaminant inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human toxicant and carcinogen. Most mammals metabolize iAs by reducing it to trivalency, followed by oxidative methylation to pentavalency. iAs and its methylated metabolites are primarily excreted in urine within 4-5 days by most species and have a relatively low rate of bioaccumulation. Intra- and interindividual differences in the methylation of iAs may affect the adverse health effects of arsenic. Both inorganic and organic trivalent arsenicals are more potent toxicants than pentavalent forms. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for assenic-induced toxicity, but a scientific consensus has not been achieved. Biomarkers of exposure may be used to quantify exposure to iAs. The most common biomarker of exposure for iAs is the measurement of total urinary arsenic. However, consumption of seafood containing high concentrations of organic arsenic can confound estimation of iAs exposure. Because these organic species are thought to be relatively nontoxic, their presence in urine may not represent increased risk. Speciation of urinary arsenic into inorganic and organic forms, and even oxidation state, gives a more definitive indication of the exposure to iAs. Questions still remain, however, as to how reliably the measurement of urinary arsenic, either total or speciated, may predict arsenic concentrations at target tissues as well as how this measurement could be used to assess chronic exposures to iAs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov NR 92 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1790 EP 1796 DI 10.1289/ehp.9058 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300044 PM 17107869 ER PT J AU Thayer, KA Melnick, R Huff, J Burns, K Davis, D AF Thayer, Kristina A. Melnick, Ronald Huff, James Burns, Kathy Davis, Devra TI Hormesis: A new religion? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID DOSE-RESPONSE; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Sci Corps, Lexington, MA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Oncol,Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Thayer, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM thayer@niehs.nih.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP A632 EP A633 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300002 PM 17107829 ER PT J AU Molinelli, AR Santacana, GE Madden, MC Jimenez, BD AF Molinelli, Alejandro R. Santacana, Guido E. Madden, Michael C. Jimenez, Braulio D. TI Toxicity and metal content of organic solvent extracts from airborne particulate matter in Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; cytotoxicity; organic extracts; human cells; Puerto Rico ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OIL FLY-ASH; LUNG INJURY; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; CYTOTOXICITY; ACTIVATION AB The importance of airborne particulate matter (PM) in causing increases in morbidity and mortality in humans has been confirmed by numerous epidemiological and laboratory studies. It has been proposed that PM might deliver transition metals to the airways were they react and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus promoting the expression of inflammatory mediators, and cytotoxicity. In Puerto Rico (PR), the northern Guaynabo area is a US EPA non-attainment zone for PM10 (PM with a mass median aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m), and a previous study found that organic PM10 extracts from this area were cytotoxic. The purpose of this research project is to compare the toxicity between organic PM extracts from Guaynabo (a coastal urban site) and Fajardo (a coastal rural town) based on their polarity, collection season, and geographical location. We will also evaluate if the metal content of such extracts is associated with their biological activity. PM10 filters from both locations were subjected to a sequential Soxhlet extraction using hexane and acetone. Normal and transformed bronchial epithelial cells were then exposed to the extracts. Using the neutral red assay to measure cell viability we found that coastal urban PM from PR generally exhibits higher cytotoxicity than coastal rural PM. However, this effect is dependent on the polarity of the extracts and the collection season (in winter hexane PM10 is more toxic, whereas during the summer acetone PM10 is more toxic). We also found that non-polar organic constituents in PM from PR are generally more toxic than the polar organic constituents. The main conclusion from this work is that the metal contents of the organic PM extracts from PR could play a minor role in the cytotoxicity observed. This is supported by the findings of elements such as As, V, Ni, and Cu in the most cytotoxic extracts. However, organic compounds probably play the major role. The presence of bioactive fractions of PM underscores the importance of conducting more detailed studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biochem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Physiol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Environm & Toxicol Res, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Jimenez, BD (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, POB 365067, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM bjimenez@rcm.upr.edu RI Molinelli, Alejandro/B-6151-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 61838-05]; PHS HHS [T32-07126] NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3 BP 314 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.04.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108GM UT WOS:000242228300008 PM 16842771 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Tikka, PM AF Mayer, Audrey L. Tikka, Paivi M. TI Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation efficiency; incentives; voluntary participation; non-industrial private forests (NIPF) ID PROTECTION; HABITAT; LANDOWNERS; LANDSCAPE; POLICY AB In many countries, a large proportion of forest biodiversity exists on private land. Legal restrictions are often inadequate to prevent loss of habitat and encourage forest owners to manage areas for biodiversity, especially when these management actions require time, money, and other resources. Environmental programs encouraging these actions through economic incentives can be used instead of additional legal restrictions, although to be efficient and successful, an incentive program must be thoughtfully developed and its conservation goals must be clear. in addition to being economically efficient, programs must be acceptable to landowners and ecologically appropriate, especially with respect to the case-specific objectives and the ecosystems in question. We introduce a sample of voluntary incentive programs for private forests in Europe and North America. We briefly describe the economic, social, and ecological characteristics of the programs and the forests they aim to conserve, and evaluate the success of these programs with respect to their explicitly stated goals and the ecological status of the forests in that country or state. Important factors contributing to program success include an allowance for some economic productivity in enrolled forests, a long period since time of program inception, and little interference from other incentive programs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), Univ Tampere, Res Ctr Synergos, Yliopistonkatu 54, Tampere 33100, Finland. EM audrey.mayer@uta.fi; paivi.tikka@helsinki.fi OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 66 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7-8 BP 614 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.07.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114WS UT WOS:000242696900003 ER PT J AU Oliveira, DP Carneiro, PA Rech, CM Zanoni, MVB Claxton, LD Umbuzeiro, GA AF Oliveira, Danielle P. Carneiro, Patricia A. Rech, Celia M. Zanoni, Maria Valnice B. Claxton, Larry D. Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. TI Mutagenic compounds generated from the chlorination of disperse azo-dyes and their presence in drinking water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; RIVER WATER; 2-PHENYLBENZOTRIAZOLE-TYPE MUTAGENS; SALMONELLA ASSAY; JAPAN; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; CONTAMINANTS; SENSITIVITY AB The water produced by the Cristais River Drinking Water Treatment Plant (CR-DWTP) repeatedly produced mutagenic responses that could not be explained by the presence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) generated by the reaction of humic acids and chlorine. In order to determine the possible role of chlorinated dye products in this mutagenic activity, solutions of a black dye commercial product (BDCP) composed of C. I. Disperse Blue 373, C. I. Disperse Orange 37, C. I. Disperse Violet 93, and chemically reduced BDCP (R-BDCP) were chlorinated in a manner similar to that used by the CR-DWTP. The resulting solutions were extracted with XAD-4 along with one drinking water sample collected from the CR-DWTP. All extracts showed mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Dye components of the BDCP as well as its reduced chlorinated (Cl-R-BDCP) derivative were detected in the drinking water sample by analysis with a high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). The mutagenicity results of these products suggest that they are, at least in part, accounting for the mutagenic activity detected in the drinking water samples from the Cristais River. The data obtained in this study have environmental and health implications because the chlorination of the BDCP and the R-BDCP leads to the formation of mutagenic compounds (Cl-BDCP and Cl-R-BDCP), which are potentially important disinfection byproducts that can contaminate the drinking water as well as the environment. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Programa Posgrad Toxicol & Anal Toxicol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Inst Quim, BR-14800900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. CETESB, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Oliveira, DP (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Av Cafe S-N, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM dpalma@usp.br RI Oliveira, Danielle/C-4754-2012; Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; boldrin zanoni, maria valnice/D-4251-2013; OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; boldrin zanoni, maria valnice/0000-0002-2296-1393; Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 21 BP 6682 EP 6689 DI 10.1021/es061020p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099WV UT WOS:000241628800031 PM 17144296 ER PT J AU Weinstein, JE Diamond, SA AF Weinstein, John E. Diamond, Stephen A. TI Relating daily solar ultraviolet radiation dose in salt marsh-associated estuarine systems to laboratory assessments of photoactivated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photoinduced toxicity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ultraviolet light; Palaemonetes pugio ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTH-CAROLINA; TIDAL CREEK; FLUORANTHENE; SHRIMP; WATER; USA; BIOACCUMULATION; OLIGOCHAETE AB Estuaries of the southeastern United States not only serve an important nursery function but also are common repositories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from upland activities. Thus, these habitats may be at risk for PAH phototoxicity. To better characterize this risk, a daily survey of ultraviolet-A (UV-A; 320-400 nm) irradiance was performed at Leadenwah Creek (Wadmalaw Island, SC, USA) on June 27 and August 1, 2003. In addition, laboratory assays were completed using two light exposure regimes: One that was typical of historical phototoxicity assessments (continuous light [C-UV]), and a more environmentally realistic regime (ER-UV). On both survey days, irradiance at a depth of 10 cm exhibited a pattern generally similar to that observed at the surface, whereas irradiance at the bottom of the creek was a function of both tidal height and time of day. Total UV-A dose at a 10-cm depth on June 27 and August 1, 2003 was 4.37 and 4.78 J/cm(2), respectively. Attenuation coefficients on both days varied as a function of tidal height. In the laboratory, larval grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) exposed to an ER-UV regime for these habitats (photoperiod, 12:12-h light:dark; total daily UV-A dose, 4.40 J/cm(2)) exhibited a 2.5-fold decrease in toxicity compared with those exposed to the C-UV regime (photoperiod, 24:0-h light:dark; total daily UV dose, 1.50 J/cm(2)), despite a threefold higher UV dose in the ER-UV regime. The lower potency under the ER-UV regime likely is attributable to the presence of a 12-h dark period allowing for recovery. The consequences of these results are discussed in the context of habitat-specific UV-A dose and its relevance to future laboratory assessments of PAH phototoxicity. C1 Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Weinstein, JE (reprint author), Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. EM john.weinstein@citadel.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2860 EP 2868 DI 10.1897/06-034R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 095LJ UT WOS:000241308900008 PM 17089708 ER PT J AU Diamond, SA Mount, DR Mattson, VR Heinis, LJ AF Diamond, Stephen A. Mount, David R. Mattson, Vincent R. Heinis, Larry J. TI Photoactivated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos: Relevance to environmental risk in contaminated sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; fluoranthene; embryo; medaka; risk ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; LIFE-STAGE TOXICITY; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; JAPANESE MEDAKA; FISH EMBRYOS; ANTHRACENE; MODELS; SENSITIVITY; MORTALITY AB The hazard for photoactivated toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been clearly demonstrated; however, to our knowledge, the risk in contaminated systems has not been characterized. To address this question, a median lethal dose (LD50) for fluoranthene photoactivated toxicity in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos was determined experimentally and then compared with ultraviolet-A (UV-A; 320-400 nm) radiation exposures in a PAH-contaminated field site. The dose metric, J/cm(2)/mu g fluoranthene/g egg wet weight, provided the means to estimate risk as the depth where the LD50 level would be exceeded at realistic field PAH concentrations, based on estimates of UV-A exposure. The estimates were made using 30 years of solar radiation data for Duluth (MN, USA) and measurements of water-column UV-A transmittance in a PAH-contaminated field site. Medaka embryo failure was strongly related to tissue PAH concentration and UV-A exposure. The LD50 was estimated to be 12.64 J/cm(2)/mu g fluoranthene/g egg wet weight; the 95% confidence interval was 8.46 to 19.7 J/cm(2)/mu g fluoranthene/g egg wet weight. Embryo failures were characterized by undifferentiated cell proliferation that occurred very early in development. No partial effects or embryo/larval malformations were observed. Estimates of the depth at which the LD50 would be exceeded in the contaminated field site ranged from 10.7 cm (clear-sky conditions and lowest attenuation) to 0.0 cm (cloudy conditions and highest attenuation). Similar calculations were done using water-column attenuation estimates from 12 sites across the Great Lakes (USA). For these, the depths at which the LD50 would be exceeded ranged from 0.00 to 271.6 cm under the conditions described above. These results suggest that PAH phototoxicity may be a risk factor in specific contaminated sites, and they provide a framework for assessing that risk. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. W&M Environm Grp, Plano, TX 75074 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov RI Simcik, Matt/K-9390-2015 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 24 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 3015 EP 3023 DI 10.1897/06-038R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 095LJ UT WOS:000241308900026 PM 17089726 ER PT J AU Yang, XA Meier, J Chang, L Rowan, M Baumann, PC AF Yang, Xuan Meier, John Chang, Lina Rowan, Michael Baumann, Paul C. TI DNA damage and external lesions in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) from contaminated habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE comet assay; DNA damage; brown bullheads; biomarker; external lesions ID LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; COMET ASSAY; TUMORS; FISH; EXPOSURE; WATER; RIVER; CARP AB The Comet assay was used to compare levels of DNA damage in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from three known contaminated locations, the Cuyahoga River (OH, USA), Ashtabula River (OH, USA; both tributaries to Lake Eric, USA), and Ashumet Pond (Cape Cod, MA, USA), with brown bullheads collected from three paired reference sites, Old Woman Creek (OH, USA), Conneaut River (OH, USA; both tributaries to Lake Erie), and Great Herring Pond (mainland MA, USA), respectively. Blood was sampled from each fish, and the Comet assay was conducted on erythrocytes. The assay results demonstrate that fish from the three contaminated sites each suffered higher DNA damage compared with fish from their respective reference sites. The results also show that the genetic damage was associated with the occurrence of external lesions and deformities in fish. The Comet assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect exposure of natural fish populations to environmental levels of genotoxic contaminants. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45628 USA. Cuyahoga Community Coll, Highland Hills, OH 44122 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Meier, J (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45628 USA. EM meier.john@epa.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 3035 EP 3038 DI 10.1897/05-706R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 095LJ UT WOS:000241308900028 PM 17089728 ER PT J AU Willens, S Stoskopf, MK Baynes, RE Lewbart, GA Taylor, SK Kennedy-Stoskopf, S AF Willens, Scott Stoskopf, Michael K. Baynes, Ronald E. Lewbart, Gregory A. Taylor, Sharon K. Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne TI Percutaneous malathion absorption by anuran skin in flow-through diffusion cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorous; pesticide; bullfrog; Rana catesbeiana; marine toad; Bufo marinus ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; FROG; INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY; TADPOLES; INVITRO; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SENSITIVITY; AMERICANUS AB There is increased concern about the sublethal effects of organophosphorous (OP) compounds on human and animal health, including the potential role of OP compounds in the global decline of amphibian populations. Malathion is one of the most widely used OP pesticides with numerous agricultural and therapeutic applications, and exposure to environmentally applied malathion can lead to adverse systemic effects in anurans. Cutaneous absorption is considered a potentially important route of environmental exposure to OP compounds for amphibians, especially in aquatic environments. One in vitro system commonly used to determine the absorption kinetics of xenobiotics across the skin is the two-compartment Teflon flow-through diffusion cell system. To establish cutaneous absorption kinetics of malathion, six full thickness skin samples taken from both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of each of three bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and three marine toads (Bufo marinus) were placed into two-Compartment Teflon flow-through diffusion cells perfused with modified amphibian Ringer's solution. A 26 mu g/cm(2) dose of malathion-2,3-C-14-diluted in 100% ethanol was applied to each sample (0.44-0.45 mu Ci). Perfusate was collected at intervals over a 6 h period and analyzed for C-14 in a scintillation counter. At the end of 6 h, surface swabs, tape strips, biopsy punches of the dosed area of skin, and peripheral samples were oxidized and analyzed for residue effects. Malathion absorption was greater across the ventral skin compared to dorsal skin in both bullfrogs and marine toads. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Washington, DC Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Willens, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM scott.willens@amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2006.04.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 099TB UT WOS:000241617700002 PM 21783718 ER PT J AU Willens, S Stoskopf, MK Baynes, RE Lewbart, GA Taylor, SK Kennedy-Stoskopf, S AF Willens, Scott Stoskopf, Michael K. Baynes, Ronald E. Lewbart, Gregory A. Taylor, Sharon K. Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne TI Percutaneous malathion absorption in the harvested perfused anuran pelvic limb SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorous; pesticide; bullfrog; Rana catesbeiana; marine toad; Bufo marinus ID PORCINE SKIN FLAP; FROG-SKIN; MODEL AB The objective of this study was to establish an accurate in vitro model for cutaneous absorption in anurans. The harvested perfused anuran pelvic limb (HPAPL) model maintains the anatomic and physiologic integrity of the skin from the pelvic limb, including the intact capillary network. Radiolabeled malathion was applied to the skin of the dorsal thigh, and perfusate was collected over a 6 h period. Residues from the skin surface, stratum externum, and dosed area beneath the stratum externum were analyzed. Kinetic parameters were calculated from these data. Absorption was significantly less for the HPAPL than previously reported for Teflon flow-through diffusion cells. However, partitioning effects were comparable. The HPAPL is an appropriate in vitro model for examining cutaneous absorption kinetics in the bullfrog. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington DC Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Willens, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Rickets Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM scott.willens@amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2006.04.009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 099TB UT WOS:000241617700003 PM 21783719 ER PT J AU Akinbami, L Parker, J Woodruff, T AF Akinbami, L. Parker, J. Woodruff, T. TI Association between outdoor air pollution and childhood asthma symptoms in metropolitan areas, United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Statist, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyasttville, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S275 EP S275 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00716 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401245 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Mahajan, R Beane-Freeman, LE Lubin, JH Hines, CJ Thomas, K Coble, J Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Blair, A AF Alavanja, M. C. R. Mahajan, R. Beane-Freeman, L. E. Lubin, J. H. Hines, C. J. Thomas, K. Coble, J. Sandler, D. P. Hoppin, J. A. Blair, A. TI Pesticide use and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 NIH, NCI, US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genetics Occupat & Environm, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, NCI, US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet Biostat Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US Dept HHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015 OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S116 EP S117 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00285 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400285 ER PT J AU Araugo, R Suter, W AF Araugo, R. Suter, W. TI Human and ecologic exposure science: Divergence and rapprochement SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S133 EP S133 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00329 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400329 ER PT J AU Babendreier, J AF Babendreier, J. TI Integrated multimedia decision-making for human and ecologic risk assessment: A National-Scale Study of Land Application of Arsenic-Bearing Wastes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S132 EP S132 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00326 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400326 ER PT J AU Boothe, V Dimmick, F Haley, V Paulu, C Bekkedal, M Holland, D Talbot, T Smith, A Werner, M Baldridge, E Mintz, D Fitz-Simons, T Bateson, T Watkins, T AF Boothe, V. Dimmick, F. Haley, V. Paulu, C. Bekkedal, M. Holland, D. Talbot, T. Smith, A. Werner, M. Baldridge, E. Mintz, D. Fitz-Simons, T. Bateson, T. Watkins, T. TI A review of public health air surveillance evaluation project SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Maine Dept Hlth, Augusta, GA USA. Wisconsin Dept Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Apex Epidemiol Res, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S450 EP S451 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01208 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402230 ER PT J AU Bradham, K Highsmith, R Sheldon, L Friedman, W Pinzer, E Ashley, P Stout, D Harper, S Vesper, S Jones, P Medina-Vera, M Fortmann, R Coppedge, E Croghan, C Cox, D Dewalt, G AF Bradham, K. Highsmith, R. Sheldon, L. Friedman, W. Pinzer, E. Ashley, P. Stout, D. Harper, S. Vesper, S. Jones, P. Medina-Vera, M. Fortmann, R. Coppedge, E. Croghan, C. Cox, D. Dewalt, G. TI American healthy homes survey: A national study of residential related hazards SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Us Dept Housing & Urban Dev, OHHLHC, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. QuanTech, Rosslyn, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S433 EP S433 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01160 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402181 ER PT J AU Chang, D Egeghy, P Knaak, J Tomero-Velez, R Okino, M Power, F Dellarco, M Mazur, C Kenneke, J Dary, C AF Chang, D. Egeghy, P. Knaak, J. Tomero-Velez, R. Okino, M. Power, F. Dellarco, M. Mazur, C. Kenneke, J. Dary, C. TI Influence of matrix formulation on dermal percutaneous absorption of triazole fungicides using QSAR and PBPK/PD models SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pharm Toxicol, Buffalo, NY USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Exposure Analysis, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S470 EP S470 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01262 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402283 ER PT J AU Clickner, R Mahaffey, K Jeffries, R Phillips, L Aoki, Y AF Clickner, R. Mahaffey, K. Jeffries, R. Phillips, L. Aoki, Y. TI Associations between thyroid hormone and iodine levels and biomarkers of exposure to environmental chemicals in the US SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S295 EP S296 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00773 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401302 ER PT J AU Conner, L Pekar, Z Cakir, J Hubbell, B AF Conner, L. Pekar, Z. Cakir, J. Hubbell, B. TI Exposures to mercury from consumption of recreationally-caught freshwater fish SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S497 EP S497 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01335 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402356 ER PT J AU Dellarco, M Schaum, J Bangs, G Dary, C AF Dellarco, M. Schaum, J. Bangs, G. Dary, C. TI Toward harmonization of dermal absorption methods for environmental health exposure assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, NERL, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S154 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00385 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400385 ER PT J AU Dellarco, M Bangs, G AF Dellarco, Michael Bangs, Gary TI Estimating consumer product exposure in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400129 ER PT J AU Dellarco, M Bangs, G AF Dellarco, Michael Bangs, Gary TI Update of the US EPA guidelines for exposure assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400130 ER PT J AU Dellarco, M AF Dellarco, Michael TI Global policy issues: Changes in approach to regulation of chemicals in consumer products and the impact of REACH SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S50 EP S50 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00097 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400097 ER PT J AU Duvall, R Norris, G Burke, J Mcgee, J Gilmour, MI Devlin, R AF Duvall, R. Norris, G. Burke, J. Mcgee, J. Gilmour, M. I. Devlin, R. TI Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in the United States and associations with lung inflammatory markers IL-8, COX-2, and HO-1 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00352 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400352 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP Quackenboss, JJ AF Egeghy, P. P. Quackenboss, J. J. TI Within- and between-person variation in environmental concentrations of metals, PAHs, and pesticides measured in NHEXAS, Maryland SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S246 EP S246 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00634 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401163 ER PT J AU Fields, N Pongsiri, M Wetzel, D Reynolds, J Miller, P Waghiyi, V Kmiecik, N Donatuto, J Harper, B Harris, S Waterhous, T Harding, A AF Fields, N. Pongsiri, M. Wetzel, D. Reynolds, J. Miller, P. Waghiyi, V. Kmiecik, N. Donatuto, J. Harper, B. Harris, S. Waterhous, T. Harding, A. TI Advancing exposure and intervention research to protect native American tribal populations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Alaska Community Act Tox, Anchorage, AK USA. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Odanah, WI USA. Swinomish Tribal Community, La Conner, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S338 EP S339 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00896 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401425 ER PT J AU Foos, B AF Foos, B. TI Improvements in the methods for considering children's susceptibility to pollutants via inhalation exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S401 EP S402 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01070 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402091 ER PT J AU Han, YY Weissfeld, JL Dinse, GE Umbach, DM Davis, DL AF Han, Y. Y. Weissfeld, J. L. Dinse, G. E. Umbach, D. M. Davis, D. L. TI Age-period-cohort analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma delay-adjusted incidence in the US, 1975-2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Environm Oncol, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S309 EP S309 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00810 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401339 ER PT J AU Heinemeyer, G Ozkaynak, H Zenie, A Vickers, C AF Heinemeyer, G. Ozkaynak, H. Zenie, A. Vickers, C. TI The WHO/IPCS harmonisation project - Guidance for uncertainty analysis in exposure assessments. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S458 EP S459 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01231 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402252 ER PT J AU Johnson, MM Neas, LM Mukerjee, S Smith, L Stallings, C AF Johnson, M. M. Neas, L. M. Mukerjee, S. Smith, L. Stallings, C. TI Traffic-related air pollution and children's respiratory health: Beyond proximity to major roadways SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S478 EP S479 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01285 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402306 ER PT J AU Lewis, P Blondell, J AF Lewis, P. Blondell, J. TI Incidence and severity of neurotoxic effects due to acute pesticide exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S370 EP S371 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00985 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402006 ER PT J AU Mage, D Smith, W Allen, R Kodali, A AF Mage, D. Smith, W. Allen, R. Kodali, A. TI The normal and lognormal distributions are asymptotes of the Johnson S-B distribution SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Temple Univ, WHO, US EPA, Newark, DE 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. Temple Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S529 EP S529 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01425 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402446 ER PT J AU Mage, D AF Mage, D. TI How not to do an exposure assessment study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Temple Univ, WHO, US EPA, Newark, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S461 EP S461 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01238 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402259 ER PT J AU Mahaffey, K Jeffries, R Clickner, R Phillips, L Aoki, Y AF Mahaffey, K. Jeffries, R. Clickner, R. Phillips, L. Aoki, Y. TI Associations between thyroid hormone levels and biomarkers of exposure to DDT and DDE in Mexican-Americans SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S456 EP S457 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01225 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402246 ER PT J AU Mckone, T Riley, W Maddalena, R Rosenbaum, R Vallero, D AF Mckone, T. Riley, W. Maddalena, R. Rosenbaum, R. Vallero, D. TI Common issue's in human and ecosystem exposure assessment: The significance of partitioning, kinetics, and uptake at biological exchange surfaces SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S134 EP S134 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00332 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400332 ER PT J AU Melnyk, L Byron, MZ Brown, G Clayton, A Michael, L AF Melnyk, L. Byron, M. Zeller Brown, G. Clayton, A. Michael, L. TI Modeling excess dietary exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S322 EP S323 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00851 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401380 ER PT J AU Mendola, P Schoendorf, K Rappazzo, K Keim, S Galke, W Brenner, R Walsh, D Williams, A Messer, L AF Mendola, P. Schoendorf, K. Rappazzo, K. Keim, S. Galke, W. Brenner, R. Walsh, D. Williams, A. Messer, L. TI Recruiting for a longitudinal study of children's environmental health using a household-based probability sampling approach SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Hyattsville, MD USA. NICHD, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S224 EP S225 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00574 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401103 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Sheldon, L Croghan, C Jones, P Chuang, J Wilson, N AF Morgan, M. Sheldon, L. Croghan, C. Jones, P. Chuang, J. Wilson, N. TI Levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the homes and urine of 135 preschool children and their adult caregivers in North Carolina and Ohio SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S167 EP S168 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00421 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400421 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Stout, D Barrt, D AF Morgan, M. Stout, D. Barrt, D. TI Pilot study of the potential for human exposures to pet-borne diazinon residues following lawn applications SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00217 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400217 ER PT J AU Moya, J AF Moya, J. TI Use of child-specific exposure factors handbook for assessing children's environmental exposures SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S408 EP S409 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01089 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402110 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Smith, L Liao, X Neas, L Stallings, C Johnson, M AF Mukerjee, S. Smith, L. Liao, X. Neas, L. Stallings, C. Johnson, M. TI Spatial analysis of air pollution and development of a land-use regression (LUR) model in an urban airshed SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S481 EP S481 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01292 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402313 ER PT J AU Nishioka, M Mccauley, M Andrews, K Lukuch, C Wilkins, J Fortmann, R AF Nishioka, M. Mccauley, M. Andrews, K. Lukuch, C. Wilkins, J., III Fortmann, R. TI Development, validation, and field use of a novel method for extracting and analyzing organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and creatinine from commercial disposable diapers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S176 EP S176 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00443 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400443 ER PT J AU Olsen, CC Hess, A AF Olsen, C. C. Hess, A. TI Use of risk assessment in a regulatory program to evaluate exposures to adolescents, young children and adults at a PCB contaminated river in the US SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S409 EP S410 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01093 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402114 ER PT J AU Parker, J Woodruff, T Akinbami, L Kravets, N AF Parker, J. Woodruff, T. Akinbami, L. Kravets, N. TI Geographic linkage of US national health datasets with air pollution data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S481 EP S482 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01293 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402314 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D AF Payne-Sturges, D. TI Addressing children's health through regulatory policy at US Environmental Protection Agency SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S411 EP S411 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01098 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402119 ER PT J AU Phippips, L Mahaffey, K Clickner, R Jeffries, R Aoki, Y AF Phippips, L. Mahaffey, K. Clickner, R. Jeffries, R. Aoki, Y. TI Regional variations in exposure to PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and metals in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S99 EP S99 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00239 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400239 ER PT J AU Phipps, E B'erube, A Woodruff, T Ramirez, M AF Phipps, E. B'erube, A. Woodruff, T. Ramirez, M. TI Indicators of children's health and the environment in North America SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 No American Commiss Environm Cooperat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S147 EP S148 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00369 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400369 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI The use of biomarkers in cancer risk assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S25 EP S26 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00021 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400021 ER PT J AU Reckhow, K Diguilio, R Babendreier, J Vallero, D AF Reckhow, K. Diguilio, R. Babendreier, J. Vallero, D. TI Comparing the utility of multimedia models for human and ecologic exposure analysis: Two cases SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S133 EP S134 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00331 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400331 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, D AF Schreinemachers, D. TI Mortality from acute myocardial infarction in spring and winter wheat producing US SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S373 EP S374 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00993 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402014 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Williams, R Vette, A Jones, P AF Stevens, C. Williams, R. Vette, A. Jones, P. TI Urban scale variability of PM2.5, components SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S466 EP S466 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01251 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402273 ER PT J AU Thomas, K Buehler, S Wilson, N Gordon, S Raymer, J Michael, L Studabaker, W AF Thomas, K. Buehler, S. Wilson, N. Gordon, S. Raymer, J. Michael, L. Studabaker, W. TI Environmental stressor and exposure information for older adults SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S391 EP S392 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01043 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402064 ER PT J AU Tornero-Velez, R Xue, J Scollon, E Egeghy, P Barr, D Devito, M Dary, C AF Tornero-Velez, R. Xue, J. Scollon, E. Egeghy, P. Barr, D. Devito, M. Dary, C. TI Dietary exposure to pyrethroids in the US population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S303 EP S304 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00795 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401324 ER PT J AU Vette, A Whitaker, D Croghan, C Stevens, C Rodes, C Oliver, K Jacumin, H Williams, R AF Vette, A. Whitaker, D. Croghan, C. Stevens, C. Rodes, C. Oliver, K. Jacumin, H. Williams, R. TI Exposures to volatile organic compounds in a source impacted airshed SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Res Triangle Inst Int, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S158 EP S159 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00398 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400398 ER PT J AU Wade, T Xia, Y Wu, K Li, Y Ning, Z Mumford, J AF Wade, T. Xia, Y. Wu, K. Li, Y. Ning, Z. Mumford, J. TI Causes of mortality in an arsenic-affected area of Inner Mongolia, China SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Prevent, Huhhot, Mongol Peo Rep. BA MEN Anti Epidem Stn, Bayingnormen, Mongol Peo Rep. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S233 EP S234 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00600 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401129 ER PT J AU Wade, T Calderon, R Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, K Dufour, A AF Wade, T. Calderon, R. Sams, E. Beach, M. Brenner, K. Dufour, A. TI A faster method of measuring recreational water quality for better protection of swimmers' health SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S220 EP S220 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00561 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401090 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Ott, W AF Wallace, L. Ott, W. TI Exposure to ultratine particles from indoor and vehicular sources SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Reston, VA USA. Stanford Univ, Redwood City, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S467 EP S467 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01254 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402275 ER PT J AU Windham, G Wolff, M Pinney, S Teitelbaum, S Calafat, A Sjodin, A Pfeiffer, C Barr, D Erdmann, C Koblick, K Collmann, G AF Windham, G. Wolff, M. Pinney, S. Teitelbaum, S. Calafat, A. Sjodin, A. Pfeiffer, C. Barr, D. Erdmann, C. Koblick, K. Collmann, G. TI Biomarkers of environmental exposures in a multi-site study of young girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Cincinnati, Sch Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Cty Marin, San Rafael, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S419 EP S419 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01120 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402141 ER PT J AU Woodruff, T Kyle, A Daniel, A AF Woodruff, T. Kyle, A. Daniel, A. TI America's children and the environment: Children's environmental health indicators for the US SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S420 EP S420 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01123 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402144 ER PT J AU Woodruff, T Darrow, L AF Woodruff, T. Darrow, L. TI Ambient air pollution, maternal smoking, and respiratory-related infant mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S130 EP S131 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00323 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400323 ER PT J AU Woodruff, T AF Woodruff, T. TI Incorporating early-life susceptibility into risk assessment: The example of environmental agency's guidance on early-life exposure to carcinogens SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S100 EP S100 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400241 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Cohen-Hubal, E Egeghy, P Little, J AF Xu, Ying Cohen-Hubal, Elaine Egeghy, Peter Little, John TI Emission of phthalates from polymer materials and interaction with interior surfaces SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S66 EP S67 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00145 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400145 ER PT J AU Xue, J Ozkaynak, H Zartarian, V Spengler, J AF Xue, Jianping Ozkaynak, Haluk Zartarian, Valerie Spengler, John TI Issues and challenges in modeling children's longitudinal exposures: An ozone case study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S37 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00056 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400056 ER PT J AU Xue, J Zartarian, V Ozkaynak, H AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie Ozkaynak, Halfik TI Issues and challenges in modeling children's longitudinal exposures: An ozone case study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S33 EP S33 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00045 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400045 ER PT J AU Elangbam, CS Wehe, JG Barton, JC Krull, DL Nyska, A Crabbs, T Kissling, GE AF Elangbam, Chandikumar S. Wehe, John G. Barton, Joanna C. Krull, David L. Nyska, Abraham Crabbs, Torrie Kissling, Grace E. TI Evaluation of glycosaminoglycans content and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor in the heart valves of Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous mitral valvulopathy - A possible exacerbation by dl-amphetamine sulfate in Fischer 344 rats? SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mitral valve; valvulopathy; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor; anorexigens; dl-amphetamine; quantitative image analysis; Sprague-Dawley rats; Fischer 344 rats ID SEROTONIN 5-HT2B RECEPTORS; FENFLURAMINE-PHENTERMINE; DISEASE; PROLIFERATION; PATHOLOGY; PERGOLIDE; CHILDREN; ECSTASY; AGENTS; DRUGS AB Spontaneous valvulopathy has been described as nodular or segmental thickenings composed of fibromyxoid tissue in the subendocardium of various valve-leaflets in aging rats, but its pathogenesis and significance are incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the 5-hydroxytryptamine 213 receptor (5HT2BR) expression and characterization of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and related these to the presence of valvulopathy in the mitral valve-leaflet (spontaneous mitral valvulopathy, SMV) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We also examined hearts from Fischer 344 (F344) rats treated with dl-amphetamine sulfate for 103 weeks to further explore the potential for drug-induced exacerbation of SMV. In SD rats, valve-leaflets with SMV exhibited a greater valve thickness, a higher amount of glycosaminoglycans, a lower amount of collagen and increased number of 5HT2BR-positive cells. Our data on morphology and ECM changes showed a striking similarity between SMV in SD rats and anorexigen-associated valvulopathy in humans, and increased 5HT2BR-positive cells in SMV implies that 5HT2BR may play a role in pathogenesis. Further, increased incidence and severity of SMV in F344 rats by treatment with dl-amphetamine suggest that a drug-induced exacerbation of SMV may exist in rats. However, additional research is needed to confirm a role for 5HT2BR in the pathogenesis of SMV in SD rats, and to further characterize the relationship between dl-amphetamine treatment and exacerbation of SMV in F344 rats. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Safety Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Elangbam, CS (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Safety Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chandi.s.elangbam@gsk.com NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2006.08.001 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 111YS UT WOS:000242492400002 PM 16996724 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Aukema, JE Grant, JB Halpern, BS Kareiva, P Nelson, CR Ohleth, K Olden, JD Schlaepfer, MA Silliman, BR Zaradic, P AF Lawler, Joshua J. Aukema, Juliann E. Grant, Jacqualine B. Halpern, Benjamin S. Kareiva, Peter Nelson, Cara R. Ohleth, Kris Olden, Julian D. Schlaepfer, Martin A. Silliman, Brian R. Zaradic, Patricia TI Conservation science: a 20-year report card SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; ECOREGIONS; PRIORITIES; DECLINES; THREATS AB We conducted an intensive review of conservation science to find out whether the field has tracked priorities over the past 20 years. A total of 628 papers from the literature, for the years 1984, 1994, and 2004, were surveyed. For each paper, we recorded where conservation research was done and what was studied. We found geographic gaps in conservation research, with marine, tundra, and desert biomes being studied less than other systems. We also found taxonomic gaps, with amphibians being understudied as compared to other, less threatened, taxonomic groups. Finally, we discovered that studies of invasive species are still lacking, despite the magnitude of the threat they pose to global biodiversity. Although there was a weak trend towards filling these gaps between 1984 and 2004, progress has been slow. To be more effective, the research community must quickly redirect research to better match conservation priorities. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 24 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 4 IS 9 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[473:CSAYRC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101RS UT WOS:000241758700019 ER PT J AU Becker, D Minsker, B Greenwald, R Zhang, Y Harre, K Yager, K Zheng, CM Peralta, R AF Becker, David Minsker, Barbara Greenwald, Robert Zhang, Yan Harre, Karla Yager, Kathleen Zheng, Chunmiao Peralta, Richard TI Reducing long-term remedial costs by transport modeling optimization SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program and the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a project to evaluate the benefits and utility of contaminant transport simulation-optimization algorithms against traditional (trial and error) modeling approaches. Three pump-and-treat facilities operated by the DoD were selected for inclusion in the project. Three optimization formulations were developed for each facility and solved independently by three modeling teams (two using simulation-optimization algorithms and one applying trial-and-error methods). The results clearly indicate that simulation-optimization methods are able to search a wider range of well locations and flow rates and identify better solutions than current trial-and-error approaches. The solutions found were 5% to 50% better than those obtained using trial-and-error (measured using optimal objective function values), with an average improvement of similar to 20%. This translated into potential savings ranging from $600,000 to $10,000,000 for the three sites. In nearly all cases, the cost savings easily outweighed the costs of the optimization. To reduce computational requirements, in some cases the simulation-optimization groups applied multiple mathematical algorithms, solved a series of modified subproblems, and/or fit "meta-models" such as neural networks or regression models to replace time-consuming simulation models in the optimization algorithm. The optimal solutions did not account for the uncertainties inherent in the modeling process. This project illustrates that transport simulation-optimization techniques are practical for real problems. However, applying the techniques in an efficient manner requires expertise and should involve iterative modification to the formulations based on interim results. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hazardous Tox & Radioact Waste Ctr Expertise, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. Minsker Consulting, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. GeoTrans Inc, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. USN, Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Code ESC414, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, ECA OEME, North Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irragat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Becker, D (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hazardous Tox & Radioact Waste Ctr Expertise, 12565 W Ctr Rd, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. EM dave.j.becker@usace.army.mil RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 864 EP 875 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00242.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 099UU UT WOS:000241622600014 PM 17087758 ER PT J AU Schultheisz, DJ Czyscinski, KS Klinger, AD AF Schultheisz, Daniel J. Czyscinski, Kenneth S. Klinger, Adam D. TI Improving radioactive waste management: An overview of the environmental protection agency's low-activity waste effort SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurement DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; waste disposal; waste, low-level; naturally occurring radionuclides AB Radioactive waste disposal in the United States is marked by a fragmented regulatory system, with requirements that often focus on the origin or statutory definition of the waste, rather than the hazard of the material in question. It may be possible to enhance public protection by moving toward a system that provides disposal options appropriate for the hazard presented by the waste in question. This paper summarizes aspects of an approach focusing on the potential use, with appropriate conditions, of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle-C hazardous waste landfills for disposal of "low-activity" wastes and public comments on the suggested approach. C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schultheisz, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schultheisz.daniel@epa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 5 BP 518 EP 522 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000232850.24289.de PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 097CA UT WOS:000241422700018 PM 17033466 ER PT J AU Sardar, SB Geller, MD Sioutas, C Solomon, PA AF Sardar, Satya B. Geller, Michael D. Sioutas, Constantinos Solomon, Paul A. TI Development and evaluation of a high-volume dichotomous sampler for chemical speciation of coarse and fine particles SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coarse particles; virtual impactor; high-volume dichotomous sampler ID 2.5-10 MU-M; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; SIZE; ULTRAFINE; MORTALITY; IMPACTOR; NITRATE AB This study presents the development and field evaluation of a compact high-volume dichotomous sampler (HVDS) that collects coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter. The key features of this device is the utilization of a round nozzle virtual impactor with a 50% cutpoint at 2.5 mu m aerodynamic diameter, operating at a high inlet flow rate (1000 1 min(-1)) with a calculated Reynolds number of approximately 1.1 x 10(5). In its primary configuration as tested, the sampler size-fractionates PM10 into coarse and fine fractions with a minor flow ratio of 10% (minor/total flow rate), with major and minor flow rates of 900 and 100 l min(-1), respectively. Performance evaluation for concentration enrichment was conducted with a 4% minor flow ratio (40 l min(-1) minor flow) as well. Tests demonstrated near ideal results at both 10% and 4% minor flow ratios, indicating enrichment to be independent of minor flow rates within the range evaluated. Reasonable agreement was found between the new sampler and collocated Partisol and MOUDI for ambient measurements. A tandem virtual impactor super-concentration system was also tested with the 1000 l min(-1) virtual impactor followed by a 100 l min(-1) round nozzle virtual impactor and proved to be an efficient system to achieve higher concentration enrichment of ambient particles up to 180 times ambient levels. Investigation of the effect of different ambient parameters like RH and wind speed on coarse PM concentration corroborates results from earlier studies. The HVDS is an effective system to collect coarse and fine PM simultaneously, allowing for comprehensive standard chemical analyses over short sampling intervals. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sardar, SB (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3620 S Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM sardar@usc.edu; sioutas@usc.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1455 EP 1466 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.04.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 111WY UT WOS:000242487800004 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Fiumara, RM Cottrill, MP AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Fiumara, Rebecca M. Cottrill, Michele P. TI Enumeration procedure for monitoring test microbe populations on inoculated carriers in AOAC use-dilution methods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTANTS AB The AOAC Use-Dilution methods do not provide procedures to enumerate the test microbe on stainless steel carriers (penicylinders) or guidance on the expected target populations of the test microbe (i.e., a performance standard). This report describes the procedures used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to enumerate the test microbe (carrier counts) associated with conducting the Use-Dilution method with Staphylococcus aureus (Method 955.15) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Method 964.02) and the examination of historical data. The carrier count procedure involves the random selection of carriers, shearing bacterial cells from the carrier surface through sonication, and plating of serially diluted inoculum on trypticase soy agar. For each Use-Dilution test conducted, the official AOAC method was strictly followed for carrier preparation, culture initiation, test culture preparation, and carrier inoculation steps. Carrier count data from 78 Use-Dilution tests conducted over a 6-year period were compiled and analyzed. A mean carrier count of 6.6 logs (approximately 4.0 x 10(6) colony-forming units/carrier) was calculated for both S. aureus and P aeruginosa. Of the mean values, 95% fell within +/- 2 repeatability standard deviations. The enumeration procedure and target carrier counts are desirable for standardizing the Use-Dilution methods, increasing their reproducibility, and ensuring the quality of the data. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM tomasino.stephen@epa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1634 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 116SO UT WOS:000242822800025 PM 17225612 ER PT J AU Cho, J Choi, K Darden, T Reynolds, PR Petitte, JN Shears, SB AF Cho, Jaiesoon Choi, Kuicheon Darden, Thomas Reynolds, Paul R. Petitte, James N. Shears, Stephen B. TI Avian multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase is an active phytase that can be engineered to help ameliorate the planet's "phosphate crisis" SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytase; InSP6; MINPP; chickens ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASES; HISTIDINE ACID PHYTASES; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHORUS; 3-PHOSPHATASE; NUTRIENT; MANURE; SIZE AB Contemporary phytase research is primarily concerned with ameliorating the problem of inadequate digestion of inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate; InSP6) in monogastric farm animal feed, so as to reduce the pollution that results from the high phosphate content of the manure. In the current study we pursue a new, safe and cost-effective solution. We demonstrate that the rate of hydrolysis of InSP6 by recombinant avian MINPP (0.7 mu mol/mg protein/min) defines it as by far the most active phytase found to date in any animal cell (the corresponding activity of recombinant mammalian MINPP is only 0.006 mu mol/mg protein/min). Although avian MINPP has less than 20% sequence identity with microbial phytases, we create a homology model of MINPP in which it is predicted that the structure of the phytase active site is well-conserved. This model is validated by site-directed mutagenesis and by use of a substrate analogue, scyllo-InSP6, which we demonstrate is only a weak MINPP substrate. In a model chicken cell line, we overexpressed a mutant form of MINPP that is secretion-competent. This version of the enzyme was actively secreted without affecting either cell viability or the cellular levels of any inositol phosphates. Our studies offer a genetic strategy for greatly improving dietary InSP6 digestion in poultry. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, DHSS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, DHSS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, DHSS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Shears@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080046-19] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 126 IS 2 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.028 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 102AO UT WOS:000241783300015 PM 16759730 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Traina, SJ AF Beak, Douglas G. Basta, Nicholas T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Traina, Samuel J. TI Bioaccessibility of lead sequestered to corundum and ferrihydrite in a simulated gastrointestinal system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AMENDED SOILS; BIOAVAILABILITY; MODEL AB Lead (Pb) sorption onto oxide surfaces in soils may strongly influence the risk posed from incidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. Lead was sorbed to model oxide minerals of corundum (alpha-Al2O3) and ferrihydrite (Fe(5)HO(8)(.)4H(2)O). The Pb-sorbed minerals were placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to simulate ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. The changes in Pb speciation were determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Both corundum (sorption maximum of 2.13 g kg(-1)) and ferrihydrite (sorption maximum of 38.6 g kg(-1)) have been shown to sorb Pb, with ferrihydrite having a very high affinity for Pb. The gastric bioaccessible Pb for corundum was > 85% for corundum when the concentration of Pb was > 200 mg kg(-1). Bioaccessible Pb was not detectable at <= 200 mg kg(-1). Bioaccessible Pb ranged from 53 to 88% for ferrihydrite. The bioaccessible Pb was below detection limits for the intestinal phase in the ferrihydrite system. Solid phase speciation identified both inner- (mononuclear bidentate) and outer-sphere species for Pb sorbed to corundum, while only an inner-sphere (mononuclear bidentate) complex was found for ferrihydrite. Although corundum and ferrihydrite can bind Pb, they fail to significantly reduce gastric bioaccessible Pb but do reduce intestinal bioaccessible Pb. Treatment of Pb-contaminated soil with corundum or ferrihydrite may reduce Pb solubility under field soil conditions of pH > 4. However, much of the sorbed Pb will become bioaccessible under gastric conditions (pH 1.5-2.5) if this soil is ingested. Caution should be used before using these materials to remediate a soil where soil ingestion is an important exposure pathway. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43209 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Calid Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Basta, NT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43209 USA. EM basta.4@osu.edu RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2083 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0467 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300013 PM 17071876 ER PT J AU Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Abichou, T McDonald, EV Tyler, SW Rock, SA AF Albright, William H. Benson, Craig H. Gee, Glendon W. Abichou, Tarek McDonald, Eric V. Tyler, Scott W. Rock, Steven A. TI Field performance of a compacted clay landfill final cover at a humid site SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTS; WATER-BALANCE; SOIL LINERS; BARRIERS; FLOW; INFILTRATION; DESICCATION; INSITU AB A study was conducted in southern Georgia, USA, to evaluate how the hydraulic properties of the compacted clay barrier layer in a final landfill cover changed over a 4-year service life. The cover was part of a test section constructed in a large drainage lysimeter that allowed continuous monitoring of the water balance. Patterns in the drainage (i.e., flow from the bottom of the cover) record suggest that preferential flow paths developed in the clay barrier soon after construction, apparently in response to desiccation cracking. After four years, the clay barrier was excavated and examined for changes in soil structure and hydraulic conductivity. Tests were conducted in situ with a sealed double-ring infiltrometer and two-stage borehole permeameters and in the laboratory on hand-carved blocks taken during construction and after four years of service. The in situ and laboratory tests indicated that the hydraulic conductivity increased approximately three orders of magnitude (from approximate to 10(-7) to approximate to 10(-4) cm center dot s(-1)) during the service life. A dye tracer test and soil structure analysis showed that extensive cracking and root development occurred throughout the entire depth of the barrier layer. Laboratory tests on undisturbed specimens of the clay barrier indicated that the hydraulic conductivity of damaged clay barriers can be underestimated significantly if small specimens (e.g., tube samples) are used for hydraulic conductivity assessment. The findings also indicate that clay barriers must be protected from desiccation and root intrusion if they are expected to function as intended, even at sites in warm, humid locations. C1 Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Albright, WH (reprint author), Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Bill.Albright@dri.edu; benson@engr.wisc.edu; glendon.gee@pnl.gov; abichou@eng.fsu.edu; Eric.McDonald@dri.edu; tylers@unr.edu; Rock.Steven@epamail.epa.gov NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 11 BP 1393 EP 1403 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1393) PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 099ME UT WOS:000241598000002 ER PT J AU Kalin, L Hantush, MM AF Kalin, Latif Hantush, Mohamed M. TI Hydrologic Modeling of an eastern Pennsylvania watershed with NEXRAD and rain gauge data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE watershed management; radar; rain gages; hydrologic models; calibration; spatial distribution; Pennsylvania ID DISTRIBUTED MODEL; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; SWAT MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB This paper applies the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the hydrology in the Pocono Creek watershed located in Monroe County, Pa. The calibrated model will be used in a subsequent study to examine the impact of population growth and rapid urbanization in the watershed on the base flow and peak runoff. Of particular interest in this paper is the exploration of potential use of Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) technology as an alternative source of precipitation data to the conventional surface rain gauges. NEXRAD estimated areal average precipitations are shown to compare well with the gauge measured ones at two climate stations in the study area. Investigation of the spatially distributed NEXRAD precipitation estimates revealed that average annual precipitation can vary spatially as much as 12% in the Pocono Creek watershed. The SWAT model is calibrated and validated for monthly stream flow, base flow, and surface runoff. Hydrographs generated from both gauge and NEXRAD driven model simulations compared well with observed flow hydrographs. Although little effort is spent on daily calibration, model simulations and observed flows were in good agreement at the daily scale as well. Almost similar model efficiency statistics, i.e., mass balance error (MBE), coefficient of determination (R-2), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E-NS), were obtained during the calibration period in the gauge and NEXRAD driven simulations. In the validation period, NEXRAD simulations generated higher model efficiencies at the monthly scale. On the other hand, simulations with gauge precipitations resulted in slightly better model efficiencies at the daily time scale. The spatial representation of precipitation did not contribute much to model performance when stream flow at the watershed outlet was the required output. However, the use of NEXRAD technology appears to offer a promising source of precipitation data in addition to currently existing surface gauge measurements. Discussions on new directions in radar-rainfall technology are provided. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM latif@auburn.edu; hantush.mohamed@epa.gov NR 30 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 555 EP 569 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:6(555) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 099ST UT WOS:000241616700005 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Valero, JR AF Verma, M. Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Valero, J. R. TI Dissolved oxygen as principal parameter for conidia production of biocontrol fungi Trichoderma viride in non-Newtonian wastewater SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agents; conidia; dissolved oxygen; rheology; starch industry wastewater; Trichoderma viride ID GROWTH; FERMENTATION; LIQUID; BIOASSAY; REESEI AB Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was selected as a principal parameter for translating results of shake flask fermentation of Trichoderma viride (biocontrol fungi) to a fermenter scale. All fermentations were carried out in a 7.5 l automated fermenter with a working volume of 4 l. Fermentation performance parameters such as volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k (L) a), oxygen uptake rate (OUR), rheology, conidia concentration, glucose consumption, soluble chemical oxygen demand, entomotoxicity and inhibition index were measured. The conidia concentration, entomotoxicity and inhibition index were either stable or improved at lower DO concentration (30%). Variation of OUR aided in assessing the oxygen supply capacity of the fermenter and biomass growth. Meanwhile, rheological profiles demonstrated the variability of wastewater during fermentation due to mycelial growth and conidiation. In order to estimate power consumption, the agitation and the aeration requirements were quantified in terms of area under the curves, agitation vs. time (rpm h), and aeration vs. time (lpm h). This simple and novel strategy of fermenter operation proved to be highly successful which can be adopted to other biocontrol fungi. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. NRCan Canadian Forestry Serv, Laurentian Forestery Ctr, PEPS, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 941 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0164-6 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 092QX UT WOS:000241113500007 PM 16909264 ER PT J AU Bracken, CL Hendricks, CW Harding, AK AF Bracken, Caragwen L. Hendricks, Charles W. Harding, Anna K. TI Apparent bias in river water inoculum following centrifugation SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE microbiology; water quality; public health indicators; Biolog; inoculum concentration; centrifugation ID SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; POLLUTION AB We collected four measures of viable bacterial concentration (heterotrophic plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli) and three measures of well color development in Biolog GN2 microtiter plates from water samples that were collected on two or three separate occasions from a fixed site on 19different streams throughout Oregon. Our goal was to determine whether concentrating the water sample with centrifugation prior to analysis would change the in situ composition of the culturable bacterial assemblage. Each sample was split and one subsample was centrifuged while the other subsample served as a control. A shift in the proportion of each group of culturable bacteria toward more fecal coliform bacteria was observed following centrifugation. In samples with the lowest initial heterotrophic bacterial densities (under 50CFU/100ml), the observed concentration following centrifugation was much lower than expected. However, samples that had high initial heterotrophic bacterial densities (over 1000CFU/100ml) had concentrations at or above expected values Following centrifugation, but were biased toward a higher proportion of coliform bacteria. Bacteria in centrifuged subsamples utilized more sole-carbon substrates on Biolog GN2 microtiter plates and showed a shorter lag time prior to tetrazolium color development than their uncentrifuged counterparts. Future research that focuses on characterizing and accounting for the bias associated with centrifugation of water samples held for less than 24h is recommended. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bracken, CL (reprint author), 1390 Bond Lane, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. EM gwenharper@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.04.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 097FT UT WOS:000241433100013 PM 16725218 ER PT J AU Gaedigk, A Baker, DW Totah, RA Gaedigk, R Pearce, RE Vyhlidal, CA Zeldin, DC Leeder, JS AF Gaedigk, Andrea Baker, Darren W. Totah, Rheem A. Gaedigk, Roger Pearce, Robin E. Vyhlidal, Carrie A. Zeldin, Darryl C. Leeder, J. Steven TI Variability of CYP2J2 expression in human fetal tissues SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-THEORY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; INVOLVEMENT; METABOLISM; MUTATIONS; VARIANTS; CLONING; LIVER AB CYP2J2 metabolizes arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play a critical role in the regulation of renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular function. However, the contribution of CYP2J2 to EET formation in the liver remains poorly characterized. Likewise, information is sparse regarding the extent and variability of CYP2J2 expression during human development. This investigation was undertaken to characterize the variability of CYP2J2 expression in fetal liver, heart, kidney, lung, intestine, and brain and in postnatal liver samples. CYP2J2 mRNA expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoreactive CYP2J2 was examined using two anti-CYP2J2 antibodies. CYP2J2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in pre-and postnatal samples. Fetal hepatic mRNA expression varied 127-fold (1351 +/- 717 transcripts/ng total RNA), but this variation was reduced to 8-fold after exclusion of four samples with extremely low levels of mRNA. Amounts of immunoreactive protein also varied substantially among samples without an apparent relationship with transcript number or genotype. Western blot analysis revealed a different protein pattern between prenatal and postnatal liver samples. DNA resequencing of selected subjects identified a single novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (CYP2J2*10), which was found in only one subject and therefore did not explain the large variability in CYP2J2 protein content. In vitro expression suggests that the protein product of CYP2J2*10 confers reduced enzymatic activity. Aberrant splicing produces three minor transcripts, which were present in all samples tested. Due to premature termination codons, none encodes functional protein. The mechanisms leading to variable amounts of immunoreactive protein and distinct pre- and postnatal CYP2J2 protein patterns warrant further investigation. C1 Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Kansas City, MO USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gaedigk, A (reprint author), Childrens Mercy Hosp, Div Clin Pharmacol, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. EM agaedigk@cmh.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010855, R01 ES10855-05] NR 26 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 319 IS 2 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.109215 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 096UY UT WOS:000241403500003 PM 16868033 ER PT J AU Yang, SF Yang, J Yang, ZQ Chen, P Fraser, A Zhang, W Pang, H Gao, X Wilson, B Hong, JS Block, ML AF Yang, Sufen Yang, Jun Yang, Zhengqin Chen, Posee Fraser, Alison Zhang, Wei Pang, Hao Gao, Xi Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong Block, Michelle L. TI Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 38 and PACAP4-6 are neuroprotective through inhibition of NADPH oxidase: Potent regulators of microglia-mediated oxidative stress SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; MESENCEPHALIC DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; FEMTOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE; REACTIVE MICROGLIA; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; RAT; RECEPTORS AB Microglial activation is implicated in the progressive nature of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Using primary rat mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures, we found that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 38, PACAP27, and its internal peptide, Gly-IlePhe (GIF;PACAP4-6), are neuroprotective at 10(-13) M against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity, as determined by [H-3]DA uptake and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. PACAP38 and GIF also protected against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (+) -induced neurotoxicity but only in cultures containing microglia. PACAP38 and GIF ameliorated the production of microgliaderived reactive oxygen species (ROS), where both LPS- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced superoxide and intracellular ROS were inhibited. The critical role of NADPH oxidase for GIF and PACAP38 neuroprotection against LPS-induced DA neurotoxicity was demonstrated using neuron-glia cultures from mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (PHOX-/-), where PACAP38 and GIF reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha production and were neuroprotective only in PHOX+/+ cultures and not in PHOX-/- cultures. Pretreatment with PACAP6-38 (3 mu M; PACAP-specific receptor antagonist) was unable to attenuate PACAP38, PACAP27, or GIF (10(-13) M) neuroprotection. PACAP38 and GIF (10(-13) M) failed to induce cAMP in neuronglia cultures, supporting that the neuroprotective effect was independent of traditional high-affinity PACAP receptors. Pharmacophore analysis revealed that GIF shares common chemical properties (hydrogen bond acceptor, positive ionizable, and hydrophobic regions) with other subpicomolar-acting compounds known to inhibit NADPH oxidase: naloxone, dextromethorphan, and Gly-Gly-Phe. These results indicate a common high-affinity site of action across numerous diverse peptides and compounds, revealing a basic neuropeptide regulatory mechanism that inhibits microglia-derived oxidative stress and promotes neuron survival. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Basic Med Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Block, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, MD F1-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM block@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 319 IS 2 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.102236 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 096UY UT WOS:000241403500010 PM 16891616 ER PT J AU Zhong, Z Connor, HD Li, XL Mason, RP Forman, DT Lemasters, JJ Thurman, RG AF Zhong, Zhi Connor, Henry D. Li, Xiangli Mason, Ronald P. Forman, Donald T. Lemasters, John J. Thurman, Ronald G. TI Reduction of ciclosporin and tacrolimus nephrotoxicity by plant polyphenols SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN TEA EXTRACT; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICAL METABOLITE; BLACK TEA; RAT-KIDNEY; INHIBITION; FK-506; FK506; LIVER; IRON AB The immunosuppressants ciclosporin (cyclosporin A, CsA) and tacrolimus can cause severe nephrotoxicity. Since CsA increases free radical formation, this study investigated whether an extract from Camellia sinensis, which contains several polyphenolic free radical scavengers, could prevent nephrotoxicity caused by CsA and tacrolimus. Rats were fed powdered diet containing polyphenolic extract (0-0.1%) starting 3 days before CsA or tacrolimus. Free radicals were trapped with alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyinitrone (POBN) and measured using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. Both CsA and tacrolimus decreased glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and caused tubular atrophy, vacuolization and calcification and arteriolar hyalinosis, effects that were blunted by treatment with dietary polyphenols. Moreover, CsA and tacrolimus increased POBN/radical adducts in urine nearly 3.5 fold. Hydroxyl radicals attack dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to produce a methyl radical fragment. Administration of CsA or tacrolimus with C-12-DMSO produced a 6-line spectrum, while CsA or tacrolimus given with C-13-DMSO produced a 12-line ESR spectrum, confirming formation of hydroxyl radicals. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a product of lipid peroxidation, accumulated in proximal and distal tubules after CsA or tacrolimus treatment. ESR changes and 4-HNE formation were largely blocked by polyphenols. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both CsA and tacrolimus stimulate free radical production in the kidney, most likely in tubular cells, and that polyphenols minimize nephrotoxicity by scavenging free radicals. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Zhong, Z (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, POB 2501400, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM zhong@musc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37034, DK62089, DK70844] NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHARMACEUTICAL PRESS-ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOC GREAT BRITIAN PI LONDON PA 1 LAMBETH HIGH ST, LONDON SE1 7JN, ENGLAND SN 0022-3573 J9 J PHARM PHARMACOL JI J. Pharm. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1533 EP 1543 DI 10.1211/jpp.58.11.0015 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 111CU UT WOS:000242429500015 PM 17132217 ER PT J AU Guerra, SA Lane, DD Marotz, GA Carter, RE Hohl, CM Baldauf, RW AF Guerra, Sergio A. Lane, Dennis D. Marotz, Glen A. Carter, Ray E. Hohl, Carrie M. Baldauf, Richard W. TI Effects of wind direction on coarse and fine particulate matter concentrations in southeast Kansas SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Field data for coarse particulate matter ([PM] PM10 and fine particulate matter (PM,.,) were collected at selected sites in, Southeast Kansas from March 1999 to October 2000, using portable MiniVol particulate samplers. The purpose was to assess the influence on air quality of four industrial facilities that burn hazardous waste in the area located in the communities of Chanute, Indep ndence, Fredonia, and Coffeyville. Both spatial and temporal variation were observed in the data. Variation because of sampling site was found to be statistically significant for PM10 but not for PM2.5 PM10 concentrations were typically slightly higher at sites located within the four study communities than at background sites. Sampling sites were located north and south of the four targeted sources to provide upwind and downwind monitoring pairs. No statistically significant differences were found between upwind and downwind samples for either PM10 or PM2.5, indicating that the targeted sources did not contribute significantly to. PM concentrations. Wind direction can frequently contribute to temporal variation in air pollutant concentrations and was investigated in this study. Sampling days were divided into four classifications: predominantly south winds, predominantly north winds, calm/variable winds, and winds from other directions. The effect of wind direction was found to be statistically significant for both PM10 and PM2.5. For both size ranges, PM concentrations were typically highest on days with predominantly south winds; days with calm/variable winds generally produced higher concentrations than did those with predominantly north winds or those with winds from. "other" directions. The significant effect of wind direction suggests that regional sources may exert a large influence on PM concentrations in the area. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. US EPA, Mobile Source Res Ctr, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Guerra, SA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 4112 Learned Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM serg@ku.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1525 EP 1531 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 102BD UT WOS:000241784800003 PM 17117737 ER PT J AU Schakenbach, J Vollaro, R Forte, R AF Schakenbach, John Vollaro, Robert Forte, Reynaldo TI Fundamentals of successful monitoring, reporting, and verification under a cap-and-trade program SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed and implemented the Acid Rain Program (ARP), and NO, Budget Trading Programs (NBTP) using several fundamental monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) elements: (1) compliance assurance through incentives and automatic penalties; (2) strong quality assurance (QA); (3) collaborative approach with a petition process; (4) standardized electronic reporting; (5) compliance flexibility for low-emitting sources; (6) complete emissions data record required; (7) centralized administration; (8) level playing field; (9) publicly available data; (10) performance-based approach; and (11) reducing conflicts of interest. Each of these elements is discussed in the context of the authors' experience under two U.S. cap-and-trade programs and their potential application to other cap-and-trade programs. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget found that the Acid Rain Program has accounted for the largest quantified human health benefits of any federal regulatory program implemented in the last 10 yr, with annual benefits exceeding costs by > 40 to 1. The authors believe that the elements described in this paper greatly contributed to this success. EPA has used the ARP fundamental elements as a model for other cap-and-trade programs, including the NBTP, which went into effect in 2003, and the recently published Clean Air Interstate Rule and Clean Air Mercury Rule. The authors believe that using these fundamental elements to develop and implement the MRV portion of their cap-and-trade programs has resulted in public confidence in the programs, highly accurate and complete emissions data, and a high compliance rate (> 99% overall). C1 US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Emiss Monitoring Branch, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schakenbach, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Emiss Monitoring Branch, Clean Air Markets Div, Mail Code 6204J,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schakenbach.john@epa.gov NR 2 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1576 EP 1583 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 102BD UT WOS:000241784800009 PM 17117743 ER PT J AU Messer, LC Laraia, BA Kaufman, JS Eyster, J Holzman, C Culhane, J Elo, I Burke, JG O'Campo, P AF Messer, Lynne C. Laraia, Barbara A. Kaufman, Jay S. Eyster, Janet Holzman, Claudia Culhane, Jennifer Elo, Irma Burke, Jessica G. O'Campo, Patricia TI The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE low birth weight; premature birth; residence characteristics; social class ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRETERM BIRTH; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; LEVEL FACTORS; MATERNAL AGE AB Census data are widely used for assessing neighborhood socioeconomic context. Research using census data has been inconsistent in variable choice and usually limited to single geographic areas. This paper seeks to a) outline a process for developing a neighborhood deprivation index using principal components analysis and b) demonstrate an example of its utility for identifying contextual variables that are associated with perinatal health outcomes across diverse geographic areas. Year 2000 U.S. Census and vital records birth data (1998-2001) were merged at the census tract level for 19 cities (located in three states) and five suburban counties (located in three states), which were used to create eight study areas within four states. Census variables representing five socio-demographic domains previously associated with health outcomes, including income/poverty, education, employment, housing, and occupation, were empirically summarized using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component, hereafter referred to as neighborhood deprivation, accounted for 51 to 73% of the total variability across eight study areas. Component loadings were consistent both within and across study areas (0.2-0.4), suggesting that each variable contributes approximately equally to "deprivation" across diverse geographies. The deprivation index was associated with the unadjusted prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight for white non-Hispanic and to a lesser extent for black non-Hispanic women across the eight sites. The high correlations between census variables, the inherent multidimensionality of constructs like neighborhood deprivation, and the observed associations with birth outcomes suggest the utility of using a deprivation, index for research into neighborhood effects on adverse birth outcomes. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Drexel Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. St Michaels Hosp, Inner City Hlth Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. RP Messer, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lmesser@email.unc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD047122] NR 87 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1062 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9094-x PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 121UG UT WOS:000243181900006 PM 17031568 ER PT J AU James, JB Sherman, TD Devereux, R AF James, J. B. Sherman, T. D. Devereux, R. TI Analysis of bacterial communities in seagrass bed sediments by double-gradient denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZOSTERA-MARINA; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; BAY; RHIZOSPHERE; FRAGMENTS; OXYGEN; DGGE AB Bacterial communities associated with seagrass bed sediments are not well studied. The work presented here investigated several factors and their impact on bacterial community diversity, including the presence or absence of vegetation, depth into sediment, and season. Double-gradient denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DG-DGGE) was used to generate banding patterns from the amplification products of 16S rRNA genes in 1-cm sediment depth fractions. Bioinformatics software and other statistical analyses were used to generate similarity scores between sections. Jackknife analyses of these similarity coefficients were used to group banding patterns by depth into sediment, presence or absence of vegetation, and by season. The effects of season and vegetation were strong and consistent, leading to correct grouping of banding patterns. The effects of depth were not consistent enough to correctly group banding patterns using this technique. While it is not argued that bacterial communities in sediment are not influenced by depth in sediment, this study suggests that the differences are too fine and inconsistent to be resolved using 1-cm depth fractions and DG-DGGE. The effects of vegetation and season on bacterial communities in sediment were more consistent than the effects of depth in sediment, suggesting they exert stronger controls on microbial community structure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP James, JB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM james.joe@epa.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9075-3 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 114IR UT WOS:000242660400007 PM 16767522 ER PT J AU Reichman, JR Watrud, LS Lee, EH Burdick, CA Bollman, MA Storm, MJ King, GA Mallory-Smith, C AF Reichman, Jay R. Watrud, Lidia S. Lee, E. Henry Burdick, Connie A. Bollman, Mike A. Storm, Marjorie J. King, George A. Mallory-Smith, Carol TI Establishment of transgenic herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in nonagronomic habitats SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrostis stolonifera; CP4 EPSPS; creeping bentgrass; transgene escape ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; GENE FLOW; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; WILD SUNFLOWERS; CUCURBITA-PEPO; POPULATIONS; INTROGRESSION; DIVERSITY AB Concerns about genetically modified (GM) crops include transgene flow to compatible wild species and unintended ecological consequences of potential transgene introgression. However, there has been little empirical documentation of establishment and distribution of transgenic plants in wild populations. We present herein the first evidence for escape of transgenes into wild plant populations within the USA; glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS transgenes were found outside of cultivation area in central Oregon. Resident populations of three compatible Agrostis species were sampled in nonagronomic habitats outside the Oregon Department of Agriculture control area designated for test production of glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass. CP4 EPSPS protein and the corresponding transgene were found in nine A. stolonifera plants screened from 20 400 samples (0.04 +/- 0.01% SE). CP4 EPSPS-positive plants were located predominantly in mesic habitats downwind and up to 3.8 km beyond the control area perimeter; two plants were found within the USDA Crooked River National Grassland. Spatial distribution and parentage of transgenic plants (as confirmed by analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK gene trees) suggest that establishment resulted from both pollen-mediated intraspecific hybridizations and from crop seed dispersal. These results demonstrate that transgene flow from short-term production can result in establishment of transgenic plants at multi-kilometre distances from GM source fields or plants. Selective pressure from direct application or drift of glyphosate herbicide could enhance introgression of CP4 EPSPS transgenes and additional establishment. Obligatory outcrossing and vegetative spread could further contribute to persistence of CP4 EPSPS transgenes in wild Agrostis populations, both in the presence or absence of herbicide selection. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlt & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reichman, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlt & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM reichman.jay@epa.gov RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 71 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 13 BP 4243 EP 4255 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03072.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 096PH UT WOS:000241388800028 PM 17054516 ER PT J AU Kim, AS Eastmond, DA Preston, RJ AF Kim, Andrea S. Eastmond, David A. Preston, R. Julian TI Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia and perspectives on risk assessment of early-life stage exposures SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR, 2006 CL San Diego, CA DE early-life stage exposures; risk assessment; risk factors; chromosomal translocations/fusion genes; genetic polymorphisms; susceptibility indicators ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; IDENTIFY CRITICAL WINDOWS; CHILDRENS CANCER GROUP; MATERNAL REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; PARENTAL ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; GSTT1 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; DNA-REPAIR GENES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; UNITED-STATES AB Recognition that children are a potentially susceptible subpopulation has led to the development of child-specific sensitivity factors. Establishing reliable sensitivity factors in support of risk assessment of early-life stage exposures can be aided by evaluating studies that enhance our understanding both of the biological basis of disease processes and the potential role of environmental exposures in disease etiology. For these reasons, we evaluated childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) studies from the point of view of mechanism and etiology. ALL is the most common form of childhood cancer proposed to result from a prenatal primary event and a postnatal second event. This multi-stage model is supported by the observation that chromosomal translocations/fusion genes (e.g., TEL-AML 1) involved in producing ALL are detected at birth (prenatal event), and a postnatal event (e.g., TEL deletion) is required for disease manifestation. It appears that a proportion of ALL cases are the result of environmental exposures, in which case preconceptional, prenatal, and postnatal stages are likely to be critical exposure windows. To this end, we recognized postnatal infection-related risk factors as potential candidates associated with the ALL second event. Additionally, we discuss use of ALL-associated fusion genes and genetic polymorphisms, together or separately, as indicators of ALL susceptibility and increased risk. The possibility of using fusion genes alone as biomarkers of response is also discussed because they can serve as predictors of key events in the development of a mode of action (a sequence of key events, starting with interaction of an agent with a cell, ultimately resulting in cancer formation) for particular environmental exposures. Furthermore, we discuss use of an initiated animal model for ALL, namely transgenic mice with TEL-AML 1 expression, for exploring mechanisms by which different classes of environmental exposures could be involved in inducing the postnatal step in ALL formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kim, AS (reprint author), Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, 2525 Dupont Dr,MC RD2-2A, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. EM kim_andrea@allergan.com NR 172 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 613 IS 2-3 BP 138 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.09.001 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 115GV UT WOS:000242723700005 PM 17049456 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, W. M. Bushnell, P. J. TI The use of the elevated plus-maze in the toxicology laboratory: Pilot studies and assessment of anxiety in rats exposed to lead acetate or sub-chronic levels of toluene SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral-Toxicology-Society CY SEP 16-17, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR SP Behav Toxicol Soc C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 MA 001 BP 706 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.007 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 121OY UT WOS:000243168100010 ER PT J AU Samsam, TE Bushnell, PJ AF Samsam, T. E. Bushnell, P. J. TI Behavioral assessments of Long Evans rats following a 13-week subchronic toluene exposure SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral-Toxicology-Society CY SEP 16-17, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR SP Behav Toxicol Soc C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 MA 008 BP 709 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.014 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 121OY UT WOS:000243168100017 ER PT J AU Moser, V Hunter, DL Marshall, RS McDaniel, KL Phillips, PM Padilla, S AF Moser, Vc. Hunter, D. L. Marshall, R. S. McDaniel, K. L. Phillips, P. M. Padilla, S. TI Correlations of pesticide-induced cholinesterase inhibition and motor activity changes in adult rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral-Toxicology-Society CY SEP 16-17, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR SP Behav Toxicol Soc C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 MA 011 BP 710 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.017 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 121OY UT WOS:000243168100020 ER PT J AU Selevan, SG Stanford, JB AF Selevan, Sherry G. Stanford, Joseph B. TI Workshop recommendations for the preconception cohort of the National Children's Study SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Entitled Expanding Methodologies for Capturing Day-Specific Probabilities of Conception CY MAY 17-18, 2004 CL Rockville, MD SP Natl Children's Study, Natl Inst Child Health & Human Develop (NICHD), US Dept Health & Human Serv DE National Children's Study; preconception study design; planned pregnancy; periconception exposures; fertility ID PREGNANCY; HEALTH; FERTILITY; EXPOSURE; OVULATION; OUTCOMES AB This paper summarises discussions on incorporating preconception recruitment in the National Chicken's Study (NCS); these were part of the workshop on Expanding Methodologies for Capturing Day-Specific Probabilities of Conception. Four key issues were discussed in relation to the NCS: (1) differences between pregnancy 'planners' and 'non-planners'; (2) a tiered approach to preconception data collection; (3) data gaps in preconception studies; and (4) assessment of early pregnancy in subsequent pregnancies for women with a child already in the study. Practical recommendations were developed for each theme, which have relevance for other prospective studies of conception, pregnancy and human development. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stanford, JB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 375 Chipeta Way,Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM jstanford@dfpm.utah.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 SU 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00772.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 111IA UT WOS:000242443400009 PM 17061975 ER PT J AU Huynh, M Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Schoendorf, KC AF Huynh, Mary Woodruff, Tracey J. Parker, Jennifer D. Schoendorf, Kenneth C. TI Relationships between air pollution and preterm birth in California SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; fine particulates; carbon monoxide; preterm birth ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHILDREN BORN; ASSOCIATION; WEIGHT AB Air pollution from vehicular emissions and other combustion sources is related to cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between air pollution and preterm birth, a primary cause of infant mortality and morbidity. This analysis examined the effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) on preterm birth in a matched case-control study. PM2.5 and CO monitoring data from the California Air Resources Board were linked to California birth certificate data for singletons born in 1999-2000. Each birth was mapped to the closest PM monitor within 5 miles of the home address. County-level CO measures were utilised to increase sample size and maintain a representative population. After exclusion of implausible birthweight-gestation combinations, preterm birth was defined as birth occurring between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation. Each of the 10 673 preterm cases was matched to three controls of term (39-44 weeks) gestation with a similar date of last menstrual period. Based on the case's gestational age, CO and PM2.5 exposures were calculated for total pregnancy, first month of pregnancy, and last 2 weeks of pregnancy. Exposures were divided into quartiles; the lowest quartile was the reference. Because of the matched design, conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for maternal race/ethnicity, age, parity, marital status and education. High total pregnancy PM2.5 exposure was associated with a small effect on preterm birth, after adjustment for maternal factors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.15, [95% CI 1.07, 1.24]). The odds ratio did not change after adjustment for CO. Results were similar for PM2.5 exposure during the first month of pregnancy (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.12, 1.30]) and the last 2 weeks of pregnancy (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.09, 1.27]). Conversely, CO exposure at any time during pregnancy was not associated with preterm birth (AORs from 0.95 to 1.00). Maternal exposure to PM2.5, but not CO, is associated with preterm birth. This analysis did not show differences by timing of exposure, although more detailed examination may be needed. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Huynh, M (reprint author), New York Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,3rd Floor,Room 315,CN 6, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM mhuynh@health.nyc.gov NR 38 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 454 EP 461 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00759.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 094NL UT WOS:000241246000001 PM 17052280 ER PT J AU Rockett, JC Narotsky, MG Thompson, KE Thillainadarajah, I Blystone, CR Goetz, AK Ren, H Best, DS Murrell, RN Nichols, HP Schmid, JE Wolf, DC Dix, DJ AF Rockett, John C. Narotsky, Michael G. Thompson, Kary E. Thillainadarajah, Inthirany Blystone, Chad R. Goetz, Amber K. Ren, Hongzu Best, Deborah S. Murrell, Rachel N. Nichols, Harriette P. Schmid, Judith E. Wolf, Douglas C. Dix, David J. TI Effect of conazole fungicides on reproductive development in the female rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; reproduction; development; female; rodent; rat ID 14-DEMETHYLASE P450 CYP51; ESTROUS CYCLICITY; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; CYP19 AROMATASE; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO; CYTOCHROME-P450; PESTICIDES; INHIBITION; EXPOSURE AB Three triazole fungicides were evaluated for effects on female rat reproductive development. Rats were exposed via feed to propiconazole (P) (100, 500, or 2500 ppm), myclobutanil (M) (100, 500, or 2000 ppm), or triadimefon (T) (100, 500, or 1800ppm) from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 98. Body weight (BW) and anogenital distance (AGD) at PND 0, age and BW at vaginal opening (VO), estrous cyclicity, and body and organ weight at necropsy were measured. BW at PND 0 was unaffected by treatment. AGD was increased by M2000. VO was delayed by M2000 and T1800. Estrous cyclicity was initially disrupted by P500, P2500 and T1800, but later normalized. At PND 99 there was a decrease in BW by T1800, an increase in liver weight by P2500 and T1800, and an increase in ovarian weight by M2000 and T1800. It is concluded that exposure to P, M and T adversely impacted female rodent reproductive development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Reprod Toxicol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov OI Thompson, Kary/0000-0003-0412-0432 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 647 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.05.008 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 099UV UT WOS:000241622800015 PM 16914289 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Scheckel, KG Armstrong, RD Forrester, S Cutler, JN Paterson, D AF Lombi, E. Scheckel, K. G. Armstrong, R. D. Forrester, S. Cutler, J. N. Paterson, D. TI Speciation and distribution of phosphorus in a fertilized soil: A synchrotron-based investigation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TECHNIQUES; CALCAREOUS SOILS; ALKALINE SOILS; PHOSPHATE; SPECTROSCOPY; PRECIPITATION; ADSORPTION; AUSTRALIA; MINERALS; SYSTEMS AB Phosphorus availability is often a limiting factor for crop production around the world. The efficiency of P fertilizers in calcareous soils is limited by reactions that decrease P availability; however, fluid fertilizers have recently been shown, in highly calcareous soils of southern Australia, to be more efficient for crop (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) P nutrition than granular products. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this differential response, an isotopic dilution technique (E value) coupled with a synchrotron-based spectroscopic investigation were used to assess the reaction products of a granular (monoammonium phosphate, MAP) and a fluid P (technical-grade monoammonium phosphate, TG-MAP) fertilizer in a highly calcareous soil. The isotopic exchangeability of P from the fluid fertilizer, measured with the E-value technique, was higher than that of the granular product. The spatially resolved spectroscopic investigation, performed using nano x-ray fluorescence and nano x-ray absorption near-edge structure (n-XANES), showed that P is heterogeneously distributed in soil and that, at least in this highly calcareous soil, it is invariably associated with Ca rather than Fe at the nanoscale. "Bulk" XANES spectroscopy revealed that, in the soil surrounding fertilizer granules, P precipitation in the form of octacalcium phosphate and apatite-like compounds is the dominant mechanism responsible for decreases in P exchangeability. This process was less prominent when the fluid P fertilizer was applied to the soil. C1 CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic 3400, Australia. Canadian Light Source Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), CSIRO, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@csiro.au RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2038 EP 2048 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0051 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300026 ER PT J AU Rogers, JM AF Rogers, John M. TI Casting a broad network: Fishing for mechanisms of retinoid teratogenicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEURAL CREST CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; VALPROIC ACID C1 US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rogers, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rogers.john@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl104 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300001 PM 17167877 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Holsapple, MP Ladics, GS Luster, MI Selgrade, M Smialowicz, RJ Woolhiser, MR Germolec, DR AF Luebke, Robert W. Holsapple, Michael P. Ladics, Gregory S. Luster, Michael I. Selgrade, MaryJane Smialowicz, Ralph J. Woolhiser, Michael R. Germolec, Dori R. TI Immunotoxicogenomics: The potential of genomics technology in the immunotoxicity risk assessment process SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE immunotoxicogenomics; EPA; immunotoxicity; microarray analysis; risk assessment ID GENE; TOXICOGENOMICS; MICROARRAY; ALLERGEN AB Evaluation of xenobiotic-induced changes in gene expression as a method to identify and classify potential toxicants is being pursued by industry and regulatory agencies worldwide. A workshop was held at the Research Triangle Park campus of the Environmental Protection Agency to discuss the current state-of-the-science of "immunotoxicogenomics" and to explore the potential role of genomics techniques for immunotoxicity testing. The genesis of the workshop was the current lack of widely accepted triggering criteria for Tier 1 immunotoxicity testing in the context of routine toxicity testing data, the realization that traditional screening methods would require an inordinate number of animals and are inadequate to handle the number of chemicals that may need to be screened (e.g., high production volume compounds) and the absence of an organized effort to address the state-of-the-science of toxicogenomics in the identification of immunotoxic compounds. The major focus of the meeting was on the theoretical and practical utility of genomics techniques to (1) replace or supplement current immunotoxicity screening procedures, (2) provide insight into potential modes or mechanisms of action, and (3) provide data suitable for immunotoxicity hazard identification or risk assessment. The latter goal is of considerable interest to a variety of stakeholders as a means to reduce animal use and to decrease the cost of conducting and interpreting standard toxicity tests. A number of data gaps were identified that included a lack of dose response and kinetic data for known immunotoxic compounds and a general lack of data correlating genomic alterations to functional changes observed in vivo. Participants concluded that a genomics approach to screen chemicals for immunotoxic potential or to generate data useful to risk assessors holds promise but that routine use of these methods is years in the future. However, recent progress in molecular immunology has made mode and mechanism of action studies much more practical. Furthermore, a variety of published immunotoxicity studies suggest that microarray analysis is already a practical means to explore pathway-level changes that lead to altered immune function. To help move the science of immunotoxicogenomics forward, a partnership of industry, academia, and government was suggested to address data gaps, validation, quality assurance, and protocol development. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 20 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl074 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300003 PM 16882865 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Hakk, H Bauer, D Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, Daniele F. Hakk, Heldur Bauer, Daniel Diliberto, Janet J. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners 47, 99, 100, and 153 in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardant (BFR); toxicokinetics; polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; TISSUE DISPOSITION; THYROID-HORMONE; PBDE MIXTURE AB The congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human and wildlife samples are dominated by brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154, all of which are components of the commercial pentaBDE mixtures commonly used in a variety of flammable consumer products. Very little information is available on the toxicokinetics of these congeners and no studies are available directly comparing these BDE congeners in mice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of BDEs 47, 99, 100 and 153. Female C57BL/6 mice were administered a single dose of BDE (1 mg/kg: 2.1, 1.9, 1.9, and 1.8 mu mol/kg, respectively) intravenously. Excretion was monitored daily, and terminal tissue disposition was examined 5 days following exposure. All BDE congeners in this study distribute with similar patterns into lipophilic tissues; however, tissue concentrations 5 days following exposure were much higher for BDE-153 than for 100, 99, and 47, respectively. Excretion rates were inversely related to tissue concentrations as BDE-47 was the most rapidly excreted congener, followed by BDE-99, -100, and -153. Differences in tissue concentrations were largely driven by congener-specific urinary elimination rates which were associated with protein binding in the urine. While the overall rate of metabolism appeared to be low, analysis of metabolites in daily feces samples revealed that BDE-99 was the most rapidly metabolized congener in this study. The results of this study demonstrate that congener substitution plays a role in the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of PBDEs in mice and it is therefore important to consider the differential toxicokinetic parameters associated with each congener when assessing the risk to human health from these PBDE congeners. C1 US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), ChemRisk, 3420 Execut Ctr Dr,Suite 114, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM dstaskal@chemrisk.com NR 37 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl091 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300004 PM 16936226 ER PT J AU Laws, SC Yavanhxay, S Cooper, RL Eldridge, JC AF Laws, Susan C. Yavanhxay, S. Cooper, Ralph L. Eldridge, J. Charles TI Nature of the binding interaction for 50 structurally diverse chemicals with rat estrogen receptors SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptors; rat uterine cytosol; environmental chemicals; Ki ID BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO; METHOXYCHLOR; ASSAY; XENOESTROGENS; NONYLPHENOL; OCTYLPHENOL; XENOBIOTICS; INHIBITION; PREDICTION AB This study was conducted to characterize the estrogen receptor (ER)-binding affinities of 50 chemicals selected from among the high production volume chemicals under the U.S. EPA's (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's) Toxic Substances Control Act inventory. The chemicals were evaluated using the rat uterine cytosolic (RUC) ER-competitive binding assay, with secondary analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots and slope replots to confirm true competitive inhibition and to determine an experimental K-i. Data from these ER-competitive binding assays represent the types of competitive binding curves that can be obtained when screening chemicals with broad structural diversity. True competitive inhibition was observed in 17 of 50 chemicals. Binding affinities were much lower than that of estradiol (E-2) with K-i concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 373 mu M as compared with that of E-2 (0.77nM). Other chemicals that appeared to displace radiolabeled E-2 binding to ER were, in fact, found not to be competitive inhibitors in the secondary K-i experiments. These seven chemicals likely altered the stability of the assay by changing the buffer pH, denaturing ER, or disrupting the ER-binding kinetics. Thus, several conditions that may confound interpretation of RUC ER-binding assay data are illustrated. For another group of eight chemicals, neither an IC50 nor K-i could be determined due to solubility constraints. These chemicals exhibited slight (20-40%) inhibition at concentrations of 10-100 mu M, suggesting that they could be competitors at very high concentrations, yet K-i experiments were not possible as the limit of chemical solubility in the aqueous assay buffer was well above the IC50. An additional 18 of the 50 chemicals were classified as nonbinders because in concentrations up to 100 mu M they produced essentially no displacement of radiolabeled E-2. These results show that although the ER-competitive binding assay is a valuable tool for screening chemicals, secondary tests such as a double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk experiment with slope replot should be used to confirm true competitive inhibition. This information will be useful for the ongoing validation of the RUC ER-competitive binding assay under the U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program, as well as to support research efforts to develop computational models designed to identify chemicals with the ability to bind to ER. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Physiol Pharmacol Dept, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Laws, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM laws.susan@epa.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl092 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300006 PM 16940337 ER PT J AU Selgrade, M Boykin, EH Haykal-Coates, N Woolhiser, MR Wiescinski, C Andrews, DL Farraj, AK Doerfler, DL Gavett, SH AF Selgrade, MaryJane K. Boykin, Elizabeth H. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Woolhiser, Michael R. Wiescinski, Connie Andrews, Debora L. Farraj, Aimen K. Doerfler, Donald L. Gavett, Stephen H. TI Inconsistencies between cytokine profiles, antibody responses, and respiratory hyperresponsiveness following dermal exposure to isocyanates SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; hypersensitivity; occupational asthma; cytokineprofiling ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHEMICALS; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE TDI; MOUSE IGE TEST; AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; MAST-CELLS; MICE; MODEL; SENSITIZATION AB Cytokine profiling of local lymph node responses has been proposed as a simple test to identify chemicals, such as low molecular weight diisocyanates, that pose a significant risk of occupational asthma. Previously, we reported cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles for dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and six isocyanates: toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, p-tolyl(mono)isocyanate, and meta-tetramethylene xylene diisocyanate. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that relative differences in the cytokine profile are predictive of relative differences in total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E and respiratory responses to methacholine (Mch) following dermal exposure to the chemicals. After a preliminary experiment to determine an exposure regimen sufficient to achieve responses to Mch following dermal diisocyanate exposure, BALB/c mice received nine dermal exposures over a period of 28 days to one of six isocyanates, DNCB, or vehicle. Mice were then challenged with increasing doses of Mch and responsiveness was assessed using whole-body plethysmography. Serum antibody responses and cytokine mRNA profiles in the draining lymph node were also assessed. In separate experiments, cytokine protein assays were performed after five dermal exposures over a 14-day period. The response pattern for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 for the different isocyanates was highly reproducible as determined by RNAse protection assay, reverse transcription-PCR, or cytokine protein levels. However, the relative differences in T-helper cytokine profiles were not predictive of relative differences in either total serum IgE or respiratory responses to Mch following dermal exposure. The data suggest that the cytokine profiling approach needs to be further developed and refined before adoption and that other approaches to hazard identification should be pursued as well. Based on the weight of evidence from all the assays performed, it appears that all six isocyanates tested have some potential to cause respiratory hypersensitivity following dermal exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Selgrade, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl094 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300011 PM 16940033 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Haykal-Coates, N Ledbetter, AD Evansky, PA Gavett, SH AF Farraj, Aimen K. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Ledbetter, Allen D. Evansky, Paul A. Gavett, Stephen H. TI Neurotrophin mediation of allergic airways responses to inhaled diesel particles in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neurotrophins; p75(NTR); trkA; diesel particles; asthma exacerbation; airway physiology; Penh; airways resistance; lung mechanics; nose-only; BALB/c mice ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; EXHAUST PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; MURINE MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; MAST-CELLS; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INFLAMMATION; ASTHMA AB Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), partially mediate many features of allergic airways disease including airway hyperresponsiveness. Diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) associated with the combustion of diesel fuel exacerbate many of these allergic airways responses in humans. We tested the hypothesis that DEP-induced enhancement of allergic airways disease in a murine model is dependent on normal function of the low affinity pan-neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR), or tyrosine kinase A (trkA), the primary receptor for NGF. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and nonallergic BALB/c mice were intranasally instilled with anti-p75(NTR), anti-trkA, or vehicle, 1 h before OVA aerosol challenge, and then exposed nose-only to the particulate matter fraction that was less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter fraction of Standard Reference Material 2975 DEP (2.0 mg/m(3)) or filtered air for 5 h. One day later, DEP-exposed OVA-allergic mice had significantly greater increases in ventilatory responses to methacholine (Mch), but not increased lung resistance, suggesting that the airflow changes may have originated in the nasal passages. DEP-exposed OVA-allergic mice also had increased lung IL-4 levels relative to all other groups. The instillation of anti-p75(NTR) or anti-trkA completely reversed the DEP-induced increases in ventilatory responses and lung IL-4 protein to levels similar to control mice. OVA-allergic DEP-exposed mice treated with anti-p75(NTR) had significantly less lung resistance in response to Mch relative to OVA-allergic DEP-exposed mice treated with anti-trkA. The results of this study demonstrate that the enhancement of allergic airways responses by DEP exposure is partly dependent on neurotrophins in mice. In addition, neurotrophins that bind p75(NTR), but not trkA, may mediate pulmonary central airways and tissue resistance responses to allergen and DEP exposure. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl089 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300018 PM 16929010 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Ortuno, RV Suffia, M Evansky, P Richards, JH Jaskot, RH Thomas, R Karoly, E Huang, YCT Costa, DL Gilmour, PS Pinkerton, KE AF Kodavanti, Urmila P. Schladweiler, Mette C. Ledbetter, Allen D. Ortuno, Roselia Villalobos Suffia, Marie Evansky, Paul Richards, Judy H. Jaskot, Richard H. Thomas, Ronald Karoly, Edward Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Costa, Daniel L. Gilmour, Peter S. Pinkerton, Kent E. TI The spontaneously hypertensive rat: An experimental model of sulfur dioxide-induced airways disease SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; bronchitis; spontaneously hypertensive rats; sulfur dioxide exposure; mucus hypersecretion; inflammation ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; PARTICULATE MATTER; METABOLIC SYNDROME; BREATHING PATTERN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RODENT MODELS; C-FIBERS; MICE; COPD AB Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway obstruction, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion, features that are common in bronchitis, emphysema, and often asthma. However, current rodent models do not reflect this human disease. Because genetically predisposed spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats display phenotypes such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulation, oxidative stress, and suppressed immune function that are also apparent in COPD patients, we hypothesized that SH rat may offer a better model of experimental bronchitis. We, therefore, exposed SH and commonly used Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (male, 13- to 15-weeks old) to 0, 250, or 350 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2), 5 h/day for 4 consecutive days to induce airway injury. SO2 caused dose-dependent changes in breathing parameters in both strains with SH rats being slightly more affected than SD rats. Increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cells and neutrophilic inflammation were dose dependent and significantly greater in SH than in SD rats. The recovery was incomplete at 4 days following SO2 exposure in SH rats. Pulmonary protein leakage was modest in either strain, but lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity were increased in BALF of SH rats. Airway pathology and morphometric evaluation of mucin demonstrated significantly greater impact of SO2 in SH than in SD rats. Baseline differences in lung gene expression pattern suggested marked immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, impairment of cell signaling, and fatty acid metabolism in SH rats. SO2 effects on these genes were more pronounced in SH than in SD rats. Thus, SO2 exposure in SH rats may yield a relevant experimental model of bronchitis. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 57 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl087 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300019 PM 16929007 ER PT J AU Yuan, M Carmichael, WW Hilborn, ED AF Yuan, Moucun Carmichael, Wayne W. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. TI Microcystin analysis in human sera and liver from human fatalities in Caruaru, Brazil 1996 SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; human poisoning; microcystins ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1; CYANOBACTERIA; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DECOMPOSITION; INTOXICATION; TOXINS AB In 1996, an extensive exposure of Brazilian hemodialysis patients at a dialysis center, using a municipal water supply water contaminated with cyanotoxins, provided the first evidence for acute lethal human poisoning from the cyclic peptide hepatotoxins called microcystins. During this outbreak, 100 of 131 patients developed acute liver failure and 52 of these victims were confirmed to have been exposed to lethal levels of microcystins. Detection and quantitation of microcystins in these biological samples posed some analytical challenges since there were no well-established and routine analytic methods to measure total microcystins in tissue or sera samples. At the time of the 1996 exposure we used analytic methods that combined the use of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectroscopy (ES-ITMS) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF). In the intervening years these methods have been improved and others developed that allow a more quantitative and critical analysis of microcystin contaminated tissue and sera. For these reasons, and to see how storage with time might effect the detection and stability of microcystins in these matrices, we reanalyzed selected liver tissues and sera from the Caruaru victims in Brazil. We developed and validated a procedure to measure total microcystins in Caruaru human sera and liver tissue using a combination of ELISA, liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), GC/MS and MS/MS techniques. GC/MS and LC/MS were followed by MS/MS to obtain a fingerprint fragment spectra for the microcystins. The validity of the extraction procedure for free microcystins was confirmed by recovery experiments with blood sera spiked with microcystin-LR. We removed proteins with the Microcon (R) Centrifugal Filter prior to LC/MS and ELISA analysis. A solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure was used for analysis of protein bound microcystins by conversion of ADDA to erythro-2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) combined with GC/MS. We found that the GC/MS method yielded a higher concentration of microcystin than that obtained by ELISA and LC/MS. We hypothesize that this difference is due to better GC/MS detection of the covalently bound form of microcystins in human liver tissue. We also concluded that microcystins are very stable when stored under these conditions for periods of almost 10 years. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Carmichael, WW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM wayne.carmichael@wright.edu NR 22 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 627 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.031 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 104DU UT WOS:000241937200004 PM 16952386 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Wigington, PJ Baker, JP Cairns, MA Church, MR Hansen, BP Miller, BA LaVigne, HR Compton, JE Leibowitz, SG AF Ebersole, Joseph L. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Baker, Joan P. Cairns, Michael A. Church, M. Robbins Hansen, Bruce P. Miller, Bruce A. LaVigne, Henry R. Compton, Jana E. Leibowitz, Scott G. TI Juvenile coho salmon growth and survival across stream network seasonal habitats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FRESH-WATER; POPULATION VIABILITY; OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MARINE SUBSIDIES; CARNATION CREEK AB Understanding watershed-scale variation in juvenile salmonid survival and growth can provide insights into factors influencing demographics and can help target restoration and mitigation efforts for imperiled fish populations. We assessed growth, movement, and apparent overwinter survival of individually tagged juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a coastal Oregon watershed from June 2002 to June 2003 and related growth and survival parameters to stream characteristics. Fall body size of juvenile coho salmon was a good predictor of smolt size and survival, but smolt size was also influenced by overwintering location. This was due to strong spatial patterns in winter growth rates associated with residency and movement into a small intermittent tributary. Though nearly dry in midsummer, this stream supported high densities of spawning coho salmon in the fall, and juveniles rearing there exhibited relatively high growth rates and emigrated as larger smolts. Improved winter growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon utilizing tributary habitats underscore the importance of maintaining connectivity between seasonal habitats and providing a diversity of sheltering and foraging opportunities, particularly where main-stem habitats have been simplified by human land uses. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ebersole.joe@epa.gov NR 76 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1697 DI 10.1577/T05-144.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500022 ER PT J AU Cook, R Touma, JS Beidler, A Strum, M AF Cook, R. Touma, J. S. Beidler, A. Strum, M. TI Preparing highway emissions inventories for urban scale modeling: A case study in Philadelphia SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE emissions inventories; urban models; evaluation tools ID AIR TOXICS; POLLUTANTS AB Highway emissions represent a major source of many pollutants. Use of local data to model these emissions can have a large impact on the magnitude and distribution of emissions predicted and can significantly improve the accuracy of local scale air quality modeling assessments. This paper provides a comparison of top-down and bottom-up approaches for developing emission inventories for modeling in one urban area, Philadelphia, in calendar year 1999. A bottom-up approach relies on combining motor vehicle emission factors and vehicle activity data from a travel demand model estimated at the road link level to generate hourly emissions data. This approach can result in better estimates of levels and spatial distribution of on-road motor vehicle emissions than a top-down approach that relies on more aggregated information and default modeling inputs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Cook.Rich@epamail.epa.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2006.08.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 112JL UT WOS:000242521800002 ER PT J AU Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Abichou, T Tyler, SW Rock, SA AF Albright, William H. Benson, Craig H. Gee, Glendon W. Abichou, Tarek Tyler, Scott W. Rock, Steven A. TI Field performance of three compacted clay landfill covers SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-BALANCE; FINAL COVERS; FREEZE-THAW; LINERS AB A study was conducted at sites in subtropical Georgia, seasonal and humid Iowa, and arid southeastern California to evaluate the field hydrology of compacted clay covers for final closure of landfills. Water balance of the covers was monitored with large (10 by 20 m), instrumented drainage lysimeters for 2 to 4 yr. Initial drainage at the Iowa and California sites was < 32 mm yr(-1) (i.e., unit gradient flow for a hydraulic conductivity of 1027 cm s(-1), the regulatory standard for the clay barriers in this study); initial drainage rate at the Georgia site was about 80 mm yr(-1). The drainage rate at all sites increased by factors ranging from 100 to 750 during the monitoring periods and in each case the drainage rate exceeded 32 mm yr(-1) by the end of the monitoring period. The drainage rates developed a rapid response to precipitation events, suggesting that increases in drainage rate were the result of preferential flow. Although no direct observations of preferential flow paths were made, field measurements of water content and temperature at all three sites suggested that desiccation or freeze-thaw cycling probably resulted in formation of preferential flow paths through the barrier layers. Data from all three sites showed the effectiveness of all three covers as hydraulic barriers diminished during the 2 to 4 yr monitoring period, which was short compared with the required design life (often 30 yr) of most waste containment facilities. C1 Desert Res Inst, Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Albright, WH (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Nevada Syst Higher Educ, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM bill@dri.edu NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1171 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0134 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129JK UT WOS:000243724900012 ER PT J AU Lehrter, JC AF Lehrter, John C. TI Effects of land use and. land cover, stream discharge, and interannual climate on the magnitude and timing of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon concentrations in three coastal plain watersheds SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE non-point-source nutrients; watersheds; land use and land cover; biogeochemistry; climate; hydrology; Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran; nitrogen; phosphorus; organic carbon ID CONSTITUENT LOADS; MODEL; EUTROPHICATION; SEAWATER; RIVERS; BAY AB In-stream nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and suspended sediment concentrations were measured in 18 subbasins over 2 annual cycles to assess how land use and land cover (LULC) and stream discharge regulate water quality variables. The LULC was a primary driver of in-stream constituent concentrations and nutrient speciation owing to differences in dominant sources and input pathways associated with agricultural, urban, and forested land uses. Stream discharge was shown to be a major factor that dictated not only the magnitude of constituent concentrations, but also the chemical form. In high discharge agricultural subbasins, where nitrate was the dominant nitrogen form, there was a negative correlation between discharge and nitrate concentration indicating groundwater inputs as the dominant pathway. In urban settings, however, nitrate was positively correlated with discharge, and, in forested subwater-sheds, where dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the dominant nitrogen form, there was a positive correlation between discharge and DON, indicating washoff from the watershed as the dominant input pathway. Similarly, phosphorus concentrations were strongly regulated by LULC, discharge, and seasonality. This comparative study highlights that different mechanisms regulate different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, and thus field programs or water quality models used for regulatory purposes must assess these nutrient forms to accurately apply management plans for nutrient reductions. C1 Univ Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Lehrter, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lehrter.john@epa.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 34 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2356 EP 2368 DI 10.2175/106143006X102015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 114QA UT WOS:000242679500009 PM 17243235 ER PT J AU Choi, H Kim, YJ Varma, RS Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Kim, Yong Jin Varma, Rajender S. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Thermally stable nanocrystalline TiO2 photocatalysts synthesized via sol-gel methods modified with ionic liquid and surfactant molecules SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MESOPOROUS TIO2; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; THIN-FILMS; PARTICLES; ANATASE; SOLVENTS; WATER; MEMBRANES; TEMPLATE AB Recently, sol-gel methods employing ionic liquids (ILs) have shown significant implications for the synthesis of well-defined nanostructured inorganic materials. Herein, we synthesized nanocrystalline TiO2 particles via an alkoxide sol-gel method employing a water-immiscible room temperature IL(1-butyl3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6]) as a new solvent medium and further modified with nonionic surfactant ( polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate) as a pore templating material. Detailed information on the preparative method, synthesis route and mechanism, crystallographic and structural properties, and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 particles is described. The possible rationale for the formation of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles with high surface area and activity is discussed with respect to the special characteristics of [bmim][PF6] as well as the role of the surfactant self-assembly in the sol-gel network. Due to its capping effect and water immiscibility, the use of [bmim][ PF6] in sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 induces controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide precursor, resulting in a stable sol-gel network with an ordered array, and localized water-poor conditions, resulting in the formation of completely condensed and directly crystalline systems at ambient condition. The low surface energy and adaptability of [bmim][PF6] facilitate the generation of very small nanocrystalline TiO2 particles and then it also acts as a particles aggregation inhibitor. The ensuing TiO2 particles have good thermal stability to resist pore collapse and anatase-to-rutile crystal phase transformation during thermal treatment. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 46 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 22 BP 5377 EP 5384 DI 10.1021/cm0615626 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 098AS UT WOS:000241492900036 ER PT J AU Yoshioka, J Imahashi, K Chutkow, WA Burds, AA Gannon, J MacGillivray, C Schulze, PC Murphy, E Lee, RT AF Yoshioka, Jun Imahashi, Kenichi Chutkow, William A. Burds, Aurora A. Gannon, Joseph MacGillivray, Catherine Schulze, P. C. Murphy, Elizabeth Lee, Richard T. TI Targeted deletion of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein prevents cardiac dysfunction in response to pressure overload SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Cambridge, MA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792800464 ER PT J AU El-Bizri, N Wang, LL Chang, CP Helms, JA Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M AF El-Bizri, Nesrine Wang, Lingli Chang, Ching-Pin Helms, Jill A. Mishina, Yuji Rabinovitch, Marlene TI Vascular, cardiac, and craniofacial defects in mice with vascular smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor (BMPR-IA) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792800671 ER PT J AU Arabi, M Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM AF Arabi, Mazdak Govindaraju, Rao S. Hantush, Mohamed M. TI Cost-effective allocation of watershed management practices using a genetic algorithm SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT; OPTIMIZATION AB Implementation of conservation programs are perceived as being crucial for restoring and protecting waters and watersheds from nonpoint source pollution. Success of these programs depends to a great extent on planning tools that can assist the watershed management process. Herein a novel optimization methodology is presented for deriving watershed-scale sediment and nutrient control plans that incorporate multiple, and often conflicting, objectives. The method combines the use of a watershed model (SWAT), representation of best management practices, an economic component, and a genetic algorithm-based spatial search procedure. For two small watersheds in Indiana located in the midwestern portion of the United States, selection and placement of best management practices by optimization was found to be nearly 3 times more cost-effective than targeting strategies for the same level of protection specified in terms of maximum monthly sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen loads. Conversely, for the same cost, the optimization plan reduced the maximum monthly loads by a factor of 2 when compared to the targeting plan. The optimization methodology developed in this paper can facilitate attaining water quality goals at significantly lower costs than commonly used cost share and targeting strategies. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Arabi, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marabi@purdue.edu OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 30 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 AR W10429 DI 10.1029/2006WR004931 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 103FH UT WOS:000241870600003 ER PT J AU Qiang, ZM Macauley, JJ Mormile, MR Surampalli, R Adams, CD AF Qiang, Zhimin Macauley, John J. Mormile, Melanie R. Surampalli, Rao Adams, Craig D. TI Treatment of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria in swine wastewater with free chlorine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; bacteria; treatment; swine wastewater; free chlorine; monochloramine ID FEEDING OPERATIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PHARMACEUTICALS; TRANSFORMATION; DISINFECTION; SPECTROMETRY; AGRICULTURE; OZONATION; RESIDUES AB Recent recognition of the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has highlighted concerns regarding potential threats of antibiotics to humans and wildlife. Antibiotics are commonly applied to animals to prevent diseases and promote growth, making livestock agriculture a major source of antibiotic pollution. The purpose of our study was to examine chlorination technology as a method for preventing the release of antibiotics as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the environment from concentrated animal feeding operations. Wastewaters from various sites of two anaerobic lagoon systems, one aerated and the other not, on a swine facility were investigated. Each system consisted of a primary treatment lagoon and a subsequent polishing lagoon. Free chlorine ( or monochloramine for comparison) was applied to oxidize antibiotics and to disinfect lagoon bacteria as well. Results indicate that aeration substantially improves lagoon functionality, thereby adding both organic and ammonia removal. Ammonia present in the wastewaters plays a critical role in antibiotics decomposition and bacterial inactivation due to its rapid competition for free chlorine to form monochloramine. Generally, a chlorine dose close to breakpoint is required to achieve complete removal of antibiotics, leading to high consumption of free chlorine in most of the wastewaters examined. However, because of a low ammonia concentration in the polishing lagoon wastewater of the aerated system, a chlorine dose of 100 mg/L can effectively achieve complete removal of both antibiotics and bacteria. On the basis of our experimental findings, a possible strategy for the treatment of swine wastewater is suggested. C1 Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Adams, CD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM adams@umr.edu OI Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8144 EP 8154 DI 10.1021/jf060779h PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800029 PM 17032022 ER PT J AU Richard, AM AF Richard, Ann M. TI Future of toxicologys - Predictive toxicology: An expanded view of "chemical toxicity" SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A chemistry approach to predictive toxicology relies on structure-activity relationship (SAR) modeling to predict biological activity from chemical structure. Such approaches have proven capabilities when applied to well-defined toxicity end points or regions of chemical space. These approaches are less well-suited, however, to the challenges of global toxicity prediction, i.e., to predicting the potential toxicity of structurally diverse chemicals across a wide range of end points of regulatory and pharmaceutical concern. New approaches that have the potential to significantly improve capabilities in predictive toxicology are elaborating the "activity" portion of the SAR paradigm. Recent advances in two areas of endeavor are particularly promising. Toxicity data informatics relies on standardized data schema, developed for particular areas of toxicological study, to facilitate data integration and enable relational exploration and mining of data across both historical and new areas of toxicological investigation. Bioassay profiling refers to large-scale high-throughput screening approaches that use chemicals as probes to broadly characterize biological response space, extending the concept of chemical "properties" to the biological activity domain. The effective capture and representation of legacy and new toxicity data into mineable form and the large-scale generation of new bioassay data in relation to chemical toxicity, both employing chemical structure information to inform and integrate diverse biological data, are opening exciting new horizons in predictive toxicology. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Mail Drop D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov NR 30 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1257 EP 1262 DI 10.1021/tx060116u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 094IK UT WOS:000241232900001 PM 17040094 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Touati, A Huwe, J Hakk, H AF Gullett, Brian K. Touati, Abderrahmane Huwe, Janice Hakk, Heldur TI PCDD and PCDF emissions from simulated sugarcane field burning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AEROSOLS; FOREST; WASTE AB The emissions from simulated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field burns were sampled and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs). Sugarcane leaves from Hawaii and Florida were burned in a manner simulating the natural physical dimensions and biomass density found during the practice of preharvest field burning. Eight composite burn tests consisting of 3-33 kg of biomass were conducted, some with replicate samplers. Emission factor calculations using sampled concentration and measured mass loss compared well to rigorous carbon balance methods commonly used in field sampling. The two sources of sugarcane had distinctive emission levels, as did tests on separate seasonal gatherings of the Florida sugarcane. The average emission factor for two tests of Hawaii sugarcane was 253 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of carbon burned (ng TEQ/kg(Cb)) (rsd = 16%) and for two gatherings of Florida sugarcane was 25 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) (N = 4, rsd = 50%) and 5 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) (N = 2, rsd = 91%). The Hawaii sugarcane, as well as most of the Florida sugarcane, had emission values which were well above the value of 5 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) commonly attributed to biomass combustion. Application of this emission factor range to the amount of U.S. sugarcane fields burned suggests that this practice may be a relatively minor source of PCDDs and PCDFs in the U.S. national inventory, but the limited sample size and range of results make this conclusion tenuous. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 6228 EP 6234 DI 10.1021/es060806k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093TM UT WOS:000241192600012 PM 17120546 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Jones, PA Nishioka, MG Fortmann, RC Croghan, CW Zhou, JY Fraser, A Cave, C Friedman, W AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Jones, Paul A. Nishioka, Marcia G. Fortmann, Roy C. Croghan, Carry W. Zhou, Joey Y. Fraser, Alexa Cave, Carol Friedman, Warren TI Pesticide measurements from The First National Environmental Health Survey of Child Care Centers using a multi-residue GC/MS analysis method SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EXPOSURES AB The U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, in collaboration with the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, characterized the environments of young children (< 6 years) by measuring lead, allergens, and pesticides in a randomly selected nationally representative sample of licensed institutional child care centers. Multi-stage sampling with clustering was used to select 168 child care centers in 30 primary sampling units in the United States. Centers were recruited into the study by telephone interviewers. Samples for pesticides, lead, and allergens were collected at multiple locations in each center by field technicians. Field sampling was conducted from July through October 2001. Wipe samples from indoor surfaces (floors, tabletops, desks) and soil samples were collected at the centers and analyzed using a multi-residue GC/MS analysis method. Based on the questionnaire responses, pyrethroids were the most commonly used pesticides among centers applying pesticides. Among the 63% of centers reporting pesticide applications, the number of pesticides used in each center ranged from 1 to 10 and the frequency of use ranged from 1 to 107 times annually. Numerous organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides were detected in the indoor floor wipe samples. Chlorpyrifos (0.004-28 ng/cm(2)), diazinon (0.002-18 ng/cm(2)), cis-permethrin (0.004-3 ng/cm(2)), and trans-permethrin (0.004-7 ng/cm(2)) were detected in > 67% of the centers. Associations exist between residues measured on the floor and other surfaces for several pesticides (p-values range from < 0.0001 to 0.002), but to a lesser degree between floor and soil and other surfaces and soil. Regional analyses indicate no differences in mean level of pesticide loading between the four Census regions (0.08 < p < 0.88). Results show that there is the potential for exposure to pesticides in child care centers. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Med Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20101 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC 20410 USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E20504, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tulve.nicolle@epa.gov NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 6269 EP 6274 DI 10.1021/es061021h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093TM UT WOS:000241192600018 PM 17120552 ER PT J AU Selgrade, M AF Selgrade, Maryjane TI A problem with mentoring SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, M (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 13 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5797 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.1126/science.314.5797.252 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093TV UT WOS:000241194100016 PM 17038606 ER PT J AU Umbuzeiro, GD Warren, SH Claxton, LD AF de Aragao Umbuzeiro, Gisela Warren, Sarah H. Claxton, Larry D. TI The mutation spectra of chlorinated drinking water samples using the base-specific TA7000 strains of Salmonella in the microsuspension assay SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE microsuspension; chlorination; mutation ID TESTER STRAINS; MUTAGENIC-ACTIVITY; SURFACE-WATER; REVERTANTS; RIVER; TA100; TA98 AB Mutation spectra analysis can provide important information about the types of genotoxic compounds that can be present in environmental samples. In this study, we used the TA7000 base-specific Salmonella typhimurium tester strains to characterize water samples from two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Because of the small sample sizes of these environmental samples, the use of the microsuspension protocol was necessary. Acidic extracts of drinking water samples from the two DWTPs gave similar responses in the TA7000 strains and caused primarily CG to AT transversions. It is likely that halogenated disinfection by-products, generated during the chlorination of water, are causing the response seen with the TA7000 strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CETESB, Cia Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov RI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 609 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.024 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 091BD UT WOS:000240999800004 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Schaefer, FW AF Miller, Thomas A. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Characterization of a single dose methylprednisolone acetate immune suppression model using Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium parvum SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium muris; immunosuppression; leukocytes; T -lymphocytes; Cryptosporidium parvum; neutrophils; methylpredinsolone acetate ID IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ADULT MICE; WHOLE-BODY; SCID MICE; T-CELLS; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTIONS; CD4; REACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES; MECHANISMS AB An immunosuppressive dose of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) was compared with a non-immunosuppressive dose using Cryptosporidium oocyst production as an indicator of immunosuppression. To be classified as immunosuppressive, the dose had to satisfy five criteria. First, the dose had to abrogate normal immune defenses allowing the propagation of an organism to which the host is normally resistant, i.e. Cryptosporidium parvum in adult mice. Second, the dose had to decrease overall circulating CD4 T-lymphocyte numbers by greater than 80%. Third, the immunosuppressive dose had to prolong the infection beyond the normal infection length, and fourth, increase the severity of an active infection. Lastly, after complete recovery from a C. muris infection, immunosuppression must suppress the naturally acquired post infection immunity and allow reinfection. In mice immunosuppression with 600 mg MPA/kg lasted approximately 14 days and satisfied all five criteria. Fecal oocyst production could be perpetuated by dosing at 10-day intervals. A 200 mg MPA/kg dose transiently lowered CD4 counts by over 80%, but failed to override the naturally acquired post infection immunity or allow infection with C. parvum. The immunosuppressed blood profile consisted of an immediate sharp rise of mature segmented neutrophils combined with a severe decrease in circulating T-lymphocyte numbers. The rise and fall of neutrophils proved to be a good indicator of the severity and duration of immunosuppression. The thymus and spleen likewise contracted and then expanded in accordance with the steroid effect. The metabolism of MPA resulted in the eventual recovery of immune function signified by the cessation of C. parvum oocyst production. The recovery blood profile was associated with circulating CD8 counts near control levels, continuing 80% depression of CD4 counts and a dropping total neutrophil count. This study shows that the 600 mg/kg MPA dose is a good model for immunosuppression, which satisfies all five criteria for immunosuppression with low morbidity and low mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schaefer.Frank@epa.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.016 PG 18 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092BJ UT WOS:000241071700008 PM 16757117 ER PT J AU Lu, HF Campbell, DE Li, ZA Ren, H AF Lu, Hong-Fang Campbell, Daniel E. Li, Zhi-An Ren, Hai TI Emergy synthesis of an agro-forest restoration system in lower subtropical China SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE emergy synthesis; restoration ecology; ecological engineering; ecological-economic benefits; subtropical China ID INDEXES; EVALUATE; RATIOS AB The low subtropical zone is the most populated and seriously degraded area in China; therefore, highly efficient restoration of degraded lands is the key to sustainable development of this region. An agro-forest restoration mode consisting of an Acacia mangium forest, a Citrus reticulata orchard, a Pennisetum purpureum grassland, and a fishpond has been applied widely in this region. Emergy synthesis was performed at the system and subsystem levels of organization to clarify the structural and functional attributes of this restoration system for further optimization. Emergy indices, including four new indices, the emergy restoration ratio (ERR), the ecological economic product (EEP), the emergy benefit ratio (EBR), and the emergy benefit after exchange (EBE), were formulated to evaluate the ecological and economic benefits of this restoration mode. Benefits were determined for the separate subsystems and for the system as a whole, based on the classification of human services into management and harvest costs. The emergy sustainability index (ESI) of the agro-forest restoration system was 16 and the emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) was 122, demonstrating that this system produces high ecological and economic benefits and that it is a good alternative for the restoration of hillside areas in subtropical China. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scbg.ac.cn NR 48 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT 2 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.002 PG 18 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 092YM UT WOS:000241133700001 ER PT J AU Burch, LH Yang, IV Whitehead, GS Chao, FG Berman, KG Schwartz, DA AF Burch, Lauranell H. Yang, Ivana V. Whitehead, Gregory S. Chao, Frank G. Berman, Katherine G. Schwartz, David A. TI The transcriptional response to lipopolysaccharide reveals a role for interferon-gamma in lung neutrophil recruitment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; environmental airway disease; murine; microarray; transcription factor ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GRAIN DUST; KAPPA-B; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CHEMOKINE N51/KC; HUMAN-DISEASE; MICE; ENDOTOXIN; TLR4; MUTATIONS AB Neutrophil recruitment to the lung after lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) inhalation is primarily dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling, because it is virtually absent in mice deficient in Tlr4. However, among strains wild type for Tlr4, the magnitude of neutrophil recruitment to the lung after LPS inhalation is variable, suggesting the involvement of genes other than Tlr4. To identify genes associated with the inflammatory response to inhaled LPS, we evaluated the transcriptional response in lungs of 12 inbred strains of mice, 8 which are wild type for Tlr4 and 4 of which lack functional Tlr4. Using the promoter integration in microarray analysis algorithm, we scanned our gene list for transcription factor-binding sites significantly overrepresented among Tlr4 wild-type strains with high neutrophil influx in the lung after LPS inhalation. This analysis identified the interferon (IFN)-stimulated response element (ISRE) as the most overrepresented transcription factor (present in 24% of the promoters) associated with the neutrophil influx to the lower respiratory tract. To test the validity of this observation, we evaluated IFN-gamma-deficient mice and found that the presence of IFN-gamma is essential for robust neutrophil recruitment to the lower respiratory tract and modulation of key regulatory cytokines and chemokines after LPS inhalation. In conclusion, using a genomic approach, we identified the ISRE as a transcriptional element associated with the neutrophil response to inhaled LPS and demonstrated for the first time that IFN-gamma plays a critical role in LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lower airways. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Burch, LH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Rall Bldg,Rm C204A,POB 12233,MD C2-13,111 Alexand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM burchl@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-07498, ES-11375, ES-012496, ES-011961] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 291 IS 4 BP L677 EP L682 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00523.2005 PG 6 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 082BF UT WOS:000240360800017 PM 16766576 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Reponen, T LeMasters, G Levin, L Huang, J Meklin, T Ryan, P Villareal, M Bernstein, D AF Cho, Seung-Hyun Reponen, Tiina LeMasters, Grace Levin, Linda Huang, Jian Meklin, Teija Ryan, Patrick Villareal, Manuel Bernstein, David TI Mold damage in homes and wheezing in infants SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOUSE-DUST MITE; ALLERGEN EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK FACTOR; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; DAMPNESS AB Background: In most studies that investigate the association of mold or water damage and respiratory disorders in infants, the analysis is not adjusted for exposure to house dust mite (HDM), which is also a known cause of respiratory illnesses. Objective: To investigate the relationship between visually observable mold or water damage and HDM (Der f 1) levels and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract symptoms and allergen sensitization in infants of atopic parents as part of a prospective birth cohort study. Methods: On-site home visits (at the infants' age of 8 months) were performed to evaluate observable mold or water damage and HDM exposure. At a clinic visit near the infant's first birthday, medical histories, including parent-reported wheezing episodes, and a skin prick test to food and 15 common aeroallergens were conducted in 640 infants. Results: More than half of the homes were found to have mold or water damage, and 5% had major mold or water damage with visible mold at 0.2 m(2) or more. Only 16% of homes had a HDM allergen (Der f 1) concentration of more than 2 mu g/g. Major mold or water damage increased the risk of recurrent wheezing nearly 2 times in infants, 5 times in food or aeroallergen-sensitized infants, and 6 times in aeroallergen-sensitized infants. Neither visible mold or water damage nor HDM exposure was associated with sensitization to either mold or aeroallergens. Conclusions: Visible mold was shown to be a significant risk factor for recurrent wheezing in infants at high risk of developing atopic disorders, whereas HDM exposure did not significantly increase the risk. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Kuopio, Finland. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Reponen, T (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Tiina.Reponen@uc.edu RI Ryan, Patrick /L-7062-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011170, R01 ES011170-04, R01 ES11170] NR 54 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 97 IS 4 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 097AW UT WOS:000241419600021 PM 17069111 ER PT J AU Fan, HK Williams, DL Zingarelli, B Breuel, KF Teti, G Tempel, GE Spicher, K Boulay, G Birnbaumer, L Halushka, PV Cook, JA AF Fan, Hongkuan Williams, David L. Zingarelli, Basilia Breuel, Kevin F. Teti, Giuseppe Tempel, George E. Spicher, Karsten Boulay, Guylain Birnbaumer, Lutz Halushka, Perry V. Cook, James A. TI Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide and Gram-positive bacteria induced cytokine and chemokine production in splenocytes by G alpha(i) proteins SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE G(i) protein deficient mice; endotoxin; Staphylococcus aureus; TLR signaling ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION EVENTS; HUMAN MONOCYTIC CELLS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MURINE MACROPHAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; TLR4 AGONISTS; CUTTING EDGE; IN-VITRO; TYROSINE KINASE; RECEPTOR (TLR)2 AB Heterotrimeric G(i) proteins play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) activated signaling leading to inflammatory mediator production. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of Gi proteins would alter cytokine and chemokine production induced by LPS and SA. LPS- and heat killed SA-induced cytokine and chemokine production in splenocytes from wild type (WT), G alpha(i2) (-/-) or G alpha(i1/3) (-/-) mice were investigated. LPS- or SA-induced production of TNF alpha, IL-6, IFN gamma, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1, MIG and IP-10 were significantly increased (1.2 to 33 fold, p < 0.05) in splenocytes harvested from G alpha(i2)(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. The effect of G alpha(i) protein depletion was remarkably isoform specific. In splenocytes from G alpha(i1/3) (-/-) mice relative to WT mice, SA-induced IL-6, IFN gamma, GM-CSF, and IP-10 levels were decreased (59% to 86%,p < 0.05), whereas other LPS- or SA-stimulated cytokines and chemokines were not different relative to WT mice. LPS- and SA-induced production of KC were unchanged in both groups of the genetic deficient mice. Splenocytes from both G alpha(i2) (-/-)and G alpha(i1/3) (-/-)mice did not exhibit changes in TLR2 and TLR4 expression. Also analysis of splenic cellular composition by flow cytometry demonstrated an increase in splenic macrophages and reduced CD4 T cells in both G alpha(i2) (-/-)and G alpha(i1/3\) (-/-)mice relative to WT mice. The disparate response of splenocytes from the G alpha(i2) (-/-) relative to G alpha(i1/3) (-/-) Mice therefore cannot be attributed to major differences in spleen cellular composition. These data demonstrate that G(i2) and G(i1/3) proteins are both involved and differentially regulate splenocyte inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in a highly Gi isoform specific manner in response to LPS and Gram-positive microbial stimuli. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Surg, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Crit Care Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Med Univ Messina, Dept Expt Pathol & Microbiol, Messina, Italy. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Sherbrooke, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1N 5N4, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Cook, JA (reprint author), Dept Neurosci, 173 Ashley Ave,BSB Room 403, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM cookja@musc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK19318]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27673, GM53522, GM67202] NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1763 IS 10 BP 1051 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.bbamer.2006.08.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 099IO UT WOS:000241587200008 PM 16962188 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA McWilliams, SR Charpentier, MA AF McKinney, Richard A. McWilliams, Scott R. Charpentier, Michael A. TI Waterfowl-habitat associations during winter in an urban North Atlantic estuary SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE coastal marine habitats; wintering waterfowl; AIC habitat alteration; Narragansett Bay; wildfowl ID TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; DIVING DUCKS; LAND-USE; BIRDS; BEHAVIOR; EDGE; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE AB Coastal habitats near urban centres in North Atlantic estuaries often support substantial numbers of wintering waterfowl, but little is known of the effects of landscape setting and urbanisation on habitat use. We conducted surveys of waterfowl at 32 wintering sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, to identify characteristics that may influence habitat use. Sites were chosen along a gradient of urbanisation and reflected the dominant habitat types used by waterfowl in the Bay Mean waterfowl abundance was 206.7 +/- 209.5 birds per site, and sites in the inner part of the estuary had higher overall waterfowl abundances (r(2) = 0.40, p = 0.021). Species richness ranged from 3.2 to 13.0 and decreased with increasing hunting activity (r(2) = 036, p = 0.040). Hunting activity and habitat characteristics (e.g., latitude, shoreline configuration, prey density) explained 13-27% of the variation in waterfowl abundance and species richness among sites, but landscape characteristics (e.g., surrounding residential development, vegetated land, or wetland surrounding the sites and the extent of wetland edge) explained an additional 1-26%. The landscape characteristics extent of adjacent residential development and vegetated upland were the most common variables entering into the models; most species were more abundant at sites with more adjacent vegetated upland and less adjacent residential development. Our results suggest that landscape setting may be influencing the distribution of wintering waterfowl, and should be considered when developing strategies for the conservation for these species in urban North Atlantic estuaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov RI McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013 OI McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151 NR 72 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083TK UT WOS:000240480900009 ER PT J AU George, BJ Ghosh, K AF George, Barbara Jane Ghosh, Kaushik TI A semiparametric Bayesian model for circular-linear regression SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE directional data; Dirichlet process; MCMC; predictive density; von Mises distribution ID NONPARAMETRIC PROBLEMS; DRY DEPOSITION; MIXTURES; INFERENCE AB Circular data are observations that are represented as points on a unit circle. Times of day and directions of wind are two such examples. In this work, we present a Bayesian approach to regress a circular variable on a linear predictor. The regression coefficients are assumed to have a nonparametric distribution with a Dirichlet process prior. The semiparametric Bayesian approach gives added flexibility to the model and is useful especially when the likelihood surface is ill behaved. Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are used to fit the proposed model and to generate predictions. The method is illustrated using an environmental data set. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP George, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM b.j.george@alumni.gwu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 911 EP 923 DI 10.1080/03610910600880302 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 095CN UT WOS:000241285900006 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ Scollon, EJ Hughes, MF Potter, PM DeVito, MJ Ross, MK AF Godin, Stephen J. Scollon, Edward J. Hughes, Michael F. Potter, Philip M. DeVito, Michael J. Ross, Matthew K. TI Species differences in the in vitro metabolism of deltamethrin and esfenvalerate: Differential oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism by humans and rats SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; MAMMALIAN CARBOXYLESTERASES; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; DRUG-METABOLISM; BRAIN LEVELS; ENZYMES; PURIFICATION; PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION; PERMETHRIN AB Pyrethroids are neurotoxic pesticides whose pharmacokinetic behavior plays a role in their potency. This study examined the elimination of esfenvalerate and deltamethrin from rat and human liver microsomes. A parent depletion approach in the presence and absence of NADPH was used to assess species differences in biotransformation pathways, rates of elimination, and intrinsic hepatic clearance. Esfenvalerate was eliminated primarily via NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism in both rat and human liver microsomes. The intrinsic hepatic clearance ( CLINT) of esfenvalerate was estimated to be 3-fold greater in rodents than in humans on a per kilogram body weight basis. Deltamethrin was also eliminated primarily via NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism in rat liver microsomes; however, in human liver microsomes, deltamethrin was eliminated almost entirely via NADPH-independent hydrolytic metabolism. The CLINT for deltamethrin was estimated to be 2-fold more rapid in humans than in rats on a per kilogram body weight basis. Metabolism by purified rat and human carboxylesterases ( CEs) were used to further examine the species differences in hydrolysis of deltamethrin and esfenvalerate. Results of CE metabolism revealed that human carboxylesterase 1 ( hCE-1) was markedly more active toward deltamethrin than the class 1 rat CEs hydrolase A and B and the class 2 human CE ( hCE-2); however, hydrolase A metabolized esfenvalerate 2-fold faster than hCE-1, whereas hydrolase B and hCE-1 hydrolyzed esfenvalerate at equal rates. These studies demonstrate a significant species difference in the in vitro pathways of biotransformation of deltamethrin in rat and human liver microsomes, which is due in part to differences in the intrinsic activities of rat and human carboxylestersases. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov RI Potter, Philip/J-4515-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA108775, CA76202, CA79763, CA98468, P30 CA-21765]; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017661] NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1764 EP 1771 DI 10.1124/dmd.106.010058 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 085SG UT WOS:000240624100013 PM 16855054 ER PT J AU Roura-Pascual, N Suarez, AV McNyset, K Gomez, C Pons, P Touyama, Y Wild, AL Gascon, F Peterson, AT AF Roura-Pascual, Nuria Suarez, Andrew V. McNyset, Kristina Gomez, Crisanto Pons, Pere Touyama, Yoshifumi Wild, Alexander L. Gascon, Ferran Peterson, A. Townsend TI Niche differentiation and fine-scale projections for Argentine ants based on remotely sensed data SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; ecological differentiation; ecological niche; Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP); Iberian Peninsula; invasive spread; Japan; Linepithema humile; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); North America; remote sensing; South America ID LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; COLONY-STRUCTURE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL NICHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; PREDICTION; CONSEQUENCES AB Modeling ecological niches of species is a promising approach for predicting the geographic potential of invasive species in new environments. Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) rank among the most successful invasive species: native to South America, they have invaded broad areas worldwide. Despite their widespread success, little is known about what makes an area susceptible-or not-to invasion. Here, we use a genetic algorithm approach to ecological niche modeling based on high-resolution remote-sensing data to examine the roles of niche similarity and difference in predicting invasions by this species. Our comparisons support a picture of general conservatism of the species' ecological characteristics, in spite of distinct geographic and community contexts. C1 Univ Girona, Dept Ciencies Ambientals, Girona 17071, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Fac Integrated Arts & Sci, Higashihiroshima, Japan. European Space Agcy, Directorate Techn & Qual, Dept Elect Engn,Wave Interact & Propagat Sect, Electromagnet & Space Environm Div,TEC EEP, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Roura-Pascual, N (reprint author), Univ Girona, Dept Ciencies Ambientals, Campus Montilivi, Girona 17071, Catalonia, Spain. EM nuri.roura@udg.es RI Pons, Pere/B-9472-2008; Roura-Pascual, Nuria/B-3771-2015; OI Pons, Pere/0000-0002-2196-5544; Roura-Pascual, Nuria/0000-0003-0025-2972; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 56 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1832 EP 1841 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1832:NDAFPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096FG UT WOS:000241362400018 PM 17069375 ER PT J AU Stair, A Rephann, TJ Heberling, M AF Stair, Anthony Rephann, Terance J. Heberling, Matt TI Demand for public education: Evidence from a rural school district SO ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE demand for schooling; expenditures ID EFFICIENCY; EXPENDITURES; FINANCE AB This study examines the question of how much households are willing to pay for improvements in the quality of local public education in two areas of a rural school district in Pennsylvania. The study uses the contingent valuation technique to obtain micro-data by personal interview on demand for improved public school quality. Estimates of willingness to pay are computed and probit/Tobit analyses are used to determine what household characteristics are associated with household willingness to pay. The results of this analysis indicate that the majority of respondents do value improved public school quality and that residents would pay up to approximately an additional 25% of current educational budgets for a 10% improvement in school quality as measured by achievement test performance. However, lower income households and those with fewer connections to the local public school are less likely to be supportive of increased expenditures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Allegany Coll Maryland, Cumberland, MD 21502 USA. Frostburg State Univ, Dept Econ, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment MS 190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rephann, TJ (reprint author), Allegany Coll Maryland, 12401 Willowbrook Rd SE, Cumberland, MD 21502 USA. EM astair@frostburg.edu; trephann@allegany.edu; heberling.matt@epa.gov RI Rephann, Terance/A-6952-2013; OI Heberling, Matthew/0000-0003-1120-612X NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0272-7757 J9 ECON EDUC REV JI Econ. Educ. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 521 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.04.001 PG 11 WC Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA 090RQ UT WOS:000240969100006 ER PT J AU Blackman, A Shih, JS Evans, D Batz, M Newbold, S Cook, J AF Blackman, Allen Shih, Jhih-Shyang Evans, David Batz, Michael Newbold, Stephen Cook, Joseph TI The benefits and costs of informal sector pollution control: Mexican brick kilns SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; HEALTH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; SCALE; OZONE; SIZE AB In developing countries, the rapid proliferation of informal firms - low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises - is having significant environmental impacts. Yet environmental management authorities typically ignore such firms. This paper estimates the annual net benefits (benefits minus costs) of controlling particulate emissions from a collection of informal brick kilns in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico and from two of the city's leading formal industrial polluters. We find that the annual net benefits of controlling brick kiln emissions are substantial - in the tens of millions of dollars - and exceed those for the two formal industrial facilities by a significant margin. These results suggest that, in some cases, the conventional allocation of pollution control resources across formal and informal polluters may be suboptimal. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Blackman, A (reprint author), 1616 P St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM blackman@rff.org OI Batz, Michael/0000-0001-5085-5953 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 11 BP 603 EP 627 DI 10.1017/S1355770X06003159 PN 5 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105RP UT WOS:000242050300004 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Papke, O Harris, TR Tung, KC Musumba, A Olson, J Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, Arnold Papke, Olaf Harris, T. Robert Tung, K. C. Musumba, Alice Olson, James Birnbaum, Linda TI Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of US food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE age; dietary intake; market basket survey; PBDEs; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; sex ID NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; FLAME RETARDANTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BREAST-MILK; HUMAN SERUM; HOUSE-DUST AB OBJECTIVES: Our objectives in this study were to expand a previously reported U.S. market basket survey using a larger sample size and to estimate levels of PBDE intake from food for the U.S. general population by sex and age. METHODS: We measured concentrations of 13 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in food in 62 food samples. In addition, we estimated levels of PBDE intake from food for the U.S. general population by age (birth through >= 60 years of age) and sex. RESULTS: In food samples, concentrations of total PBDEs varied from 7.9 pg/g (parts per trillion) in milk to 3,726 pg/g in canned sardines. Fish were highest in PBDEs (mean, 1,120 pg/g; median, 616 pg/g; range, 11.14-3,726 pg/g). This was followed by meat (mean, 383 pg/g; median, 190 pg/g; range, 39-1,426 pg/g) and dairy products (mean, 116 pg/g; median, 32.2 pg/g; range, 7.9-683 pg/g). However, using estimates for food consumption (excluding nursing infants), meat accounted for the highest U.S. dietary PBDE intake, followed by dairy and fish, with almost equal contributions. Adult females had lower dietary intake of PBDEs than did adult males, based on body weight. We estimated PBDE intake from food to be 307 ng/kg/day for nursing infants and from 2 ng/kg/day at 2-5 years of age for both males and females to 0.9 ng/kg/day in adult females. CONCLUSION: Dietary exposure alone does not appear to account for the very high body burdens measured. The indoor environment (dust, air) may play an important role in PBDE body burdens in addition to food. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Eurofins ERGO, Hamburg, Germany. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, SW Med Ctr, 5323 Harry Hines,V8-112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu NR 43 TC 236 Z9 245 U1 4 U2 40 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1515 EP 1520 DI 10.1289/ehp.9121 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700026 PM 17035135 ER PT J AU Samanic, C Rusiecki, J Dosemeci, M Hou, L Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Lubin, J Blair, A Alavanja, MCR AF Samanic, Claudine Rusiecki, Jennifer Dosemeci, Mustafa Hou, Lifang Hoppin, Jane A. Sandler, Dale P. Lubin, Jay Blair, Aaron Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the Agricultural Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer incidence; farming; neoplasms; pesticides; United States ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; RISK-FACTORS; IOWA; MEN; EXPOSURES; MINNESOTA AB BACKGROUND: Dicamba is an herbicide commonly applied to crops in the United States and abroad. We evaluated cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa. METHODS: Detailed pesticide exposure information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire completed from 1993 to 1997. Cancer incidence was followed through 31 December 2002 by linkage to state cancer registries. We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cancer subtypes by tertiles of dicamba exposure. Two dicamba exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days (lifetime days x intensity score). RESULTS: A total of 41,969 applicators were included in the analysis, and 22,036 (52.5%) reported ever using dicamba. Exposure was not associated with overall cancer incidence nor were there strong associations with any specific type of cancer. When the reference group comprised low-exposed applicators, we observed a positive trend in risk between lifetime exposure days and lung cancer (p = 0.02), but none of the individual point estimates was significantly elevated. We so observed significant trends of increasing risk for colon cancer for both lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime days, although these results are largely due to elevated risk at the highest exposure level. There was no apparent risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although associations between exposure and lung and colon cancer were observed, we did not find dear evidence for an association between dicamba exposure and cancer risk. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1521 EP 1526 DI 10.1289/ehp.9204 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700027 PM 17035136 ER PT J AU Kercsmar, CM Dearborn, DG Schluchter, M Xue, L Kirchner, HL Sobolewski, J Greenberg, SJ Vesper, SJ Allan, T AF Kercsmar, Carolyn M. Dearborn, Dorr G. Schluchter, Mark Xue, Lintong Kirchner, H. Lester Sobolewski, John Greenberg, Stuart J. Vesper, Stephen J. Allan, Terry TI Reduction in asthma morbidity in children as a result of home remediation aimed at moisture sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; children; damp housing; home remediation; indoor mold ID INNER-CITY ASTHMA; RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY; ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION; COCKROACH ALLERGEN; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; DAMPNESS; SENSITIZATION; MOLDS; DUST AB OBJECTIVES: Home dampness and the presence of mold and allergens have been associated with asthma morbidity. We examined changes in asthma morbidity in children as a result of home remediation aimed at moisture sources. DESIGN: In this prospective, randomized controlled trial, symptomatic, asthmatic children (n = 62), 2-17 years of age, living in a home with indoor mold, received an asthma intervention including an action plan, education, and individualized problem solving. The remediation group also received household repairs, including reduction of water infiltration, removal of water-damaged building materials, and heating/ventilation/air-conditioning alterations. The control group received only home cleaning information. We measured children's total and allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, and urinary cotinine. Environmental dust samples were analyzed for dust mite, cockroach, rodent urinary protein, endotoxin, and fungi. The follow-up period was 1 year. RESULTS: Children in both groups showed improvement in asthma symptomatic days during the preremediation portion of the study. The remediation group had a significant decrease in symptom days (p = 0.003, as randomized; p = 0.004, intent to treat) after remodeling, whereas these parameters in the control group did not significantly change. In the postremediation period, the remediation group had a lower rate of exacerbations compared with control asthmatics (as treated: 1 of 29 vs. 11 of 33, respectively, p = 0.003; intent to treat: 28.1% and 10.0%, respectively, p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: Construction remediation aimed at the root cause of moisture sources and combined with a medical/behavioral intervention significantly reduces symptom days and health care use for asthmatic children who live in homes with a documented mold problem. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Parma, OH USA. Environm Hlth Watch, Cleveland, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Environm Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kercsmar, CM (reprint author), Case Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM carolyn.kercsmar@uhhs.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000080, M01 RR00080] NR 28 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1574 EP 1580 DI 10.1289/ehp.8742 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700036 PM 17035145 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Zenick, H Wells, C Sanders, W AF Payne-Sturges, Devon Zenick, Harold Wells, Charles Sanders, William TI We cannot do it alone: Building a multi-systems approach for assessing and eliminating environmental health disparities SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; INFANT-MORTALITY; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; JUSTICE; SURVEILLANCE; MINORITY C1 [Payne-Sturges, Devon; Sanders, William] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zenick, Harold] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wells, Charles] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Payne-Sturges, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,MC 1007A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM payne-sturges.devon@epa.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 102 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093MJ UT WOS:000241172100001 PM 16545364 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Gee, GC Crowder, K Hurley, BJ Lee, C Morello-Frosch, R Rosenbaum, A Schulz, A Wells, C Woodruff, T Zenick, H AF Payne-Sturges, Devon Gee, Gilbert C. Crowder, Kirstin Hurley, Bradford J. Lee, Charles Morello-Frosch, Rachel Rosenbaum, Arlene Schulz, Amy Wells, Charles Woodruff, Tracey Zenick, Hal TI Workshop Summary: Connecting social and environmental factors to measure and track environmental health disparities SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental justice; indicators; social disparities; race/ethnicity; community-based participatory research; health disparities; socioeconomic factors ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB On May 24-25, 2005 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the University of Michigan sponsored a technical workshop on the topic of connecting social and environmental factors to measure and track environmental health disparities. The workshop was designed to develop a transdisciplinary scientific foundation for exploring the conceptual issues, data needs, and policy applications associated with social and environmental factors used to measure and track racial, ethnic, and class disparities in environmental health. Papers, presentations, and discussions focused on the use of multilevel analysis to study environmental health disparities, the development of an organizing framework for evaluating health disparities, the development of indicators, and the generation of community-based participatory approaches for indicator development and use. Group exercises were conducted to identify preliminary lists of priority health outcomes and potential indicators and to discuss policy implications and next steps. Three critical issues that stem from the workshop were: (a) stronger funding support is needed for community-based participatory research in environmental health disparities, (b) race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position need to be included in environmental health surveillance and research, and (c) models to elucidate the interrelations between social, physical, and built environments should continue to be developed and empirically tested. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab B10501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ICF Consulting, Montreal, PQ H1Z 2M3, Canada. US EPA, Off Environm Justice, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. ICF Consulting, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ctr Res Ethn Culture & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Publ Hlth & Environm Policy Team, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Payne-Sturges, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Ariel Rios Bldg,MC1107A,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM payne-sturges.devon@epa.gov OI Morello-Frosch, Rachel/0000-0003-1153-7287 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 102 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093MJ UT WOS:000241172100002 PM 16438950 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Gee, GC AF Payne-Sturges, Devon Gee, Gilbert C. TI National environmental health measures for minority and low-income populations: Tracking social disparities in environmental health SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE environmental justice; measures; social disparities; race ID RACIAL RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SAVANNA RIVER; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; INFANT-MORTALITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; RACE MATTER AB Healthy People 2010 [US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. Healthy People 2010. Available: http://www.healthypeople.gov/Publications/ [accessed May 22, 2004]] has established as a top priority the elimination of health disparities. Current research suggests that characteristics of the social, physical and built environment contribute to these disparities. In order to track progress and to assess the potential contributions of the various components of the "environment," tools specific to environmental health disparities are required. In this paper, we discuss one potential tool, a set of candidate measures that may be used to track disparities in outcomes, as well as measures that may be used analytically to assess potential causal pathways. Several other reports on health and environmental measures have been produced, including the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) America's Children and the Environment. However, there has not been a comprehensive discussion about environmental measures that focus on racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in health. Therefore, we focus on measures specific to historically disadvantaged populations. Based on a conceptual framework that views health disparities as partially driven by differential access to resources and exposures to hazards, we group the measures into four categories: social processes, environmental contaminants/exposures, bodyburdens of environmental contaminants, and health outcomes. We provide a few examples to illustrate each category, including residential segregation, PM2.5 exposures, blood mercury concentrations, and asthma morbidity and mortality. These measures and categories are derived from a review of environmental health disparities from several disciplines. As a next step in a long-term effort to better understand the relationship between social disadvantage, environment, and health disparities, we hope that the proposed measures and literature review serve as a foundation for future monitoring of environmental health disparities. These efforts may aid community organizations, local agencies, scientists and policy makers in allocating resources and developing interventions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Payne-Sturges, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Ariel Rios Bldg,MC 1107A,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM payne-sturges.devon@epa.gov RI David, Maribel/E-2812-2012 NR 94 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 102 IS 2 BP 154 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.05.014 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093MJ UT WOS:000241172100003 PM 16875687 ER PT J AU Keeler, GJ Landis, MS Norris, GA Christianson, EM Dvonch, JT AF Keeler, Gerald J. Landis, Matthew S. Norris, Gary A. Christianson, Emily M. Dvonch, J. Timothy TI Sources of mercury wet deposition in Eastern Ohio, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; RECEPTOR MODELS; UNITED-STATES; LAKE MICHIGAN; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; METALS AB In the fall of 2002, an enhanced air monitoring site was established in Steubenville, Ohio as part of a multi-year comprehensive mercury monitoring and source apportionment study to investigate the impact of local and regional coal combustion sources on atmospheric mercury deposition in the Ohio River Valley. This study deployed advanced monitoring instrumentation, utilized innovative analytical techniques, and applied state-of-the-art statistical receptor models. This paper presents wet deposition data and source apportionment modeling results from daily event precipitation samples collected during the calendar years 2003-2004. The volume-weighted mean mercury concentrations for 2003 and 2004 were 14.0 and 13.5 ng L-1, respectively, and total annual mercury wet deposition was 13.5 and 19.7 mu g m(-2), respectively. Two new EPA-implemented multivariate statistical models, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Unmix, were applied to the data set and six sources were identified. The dominant contributor to the mercury wet deposition was found by both models to be coal combustion (similar to 70%). Meteorological analysis also indicated that a majority of the mercury deposition found at the Steubenville site was due to local and regional sources. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Keeler, GJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jkeeler@umich.edu RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 37 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5874 EP 5881 DI 10.1021/es060377q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000015 PM 17051773 ER PT J AU Mackay, DM De Sieyes, NR Einarson, MD Feris, KP Pappas, AA Wood, IA Jacobson, L Justice, LG Noske, MN Scow, KM Wilson, JT AF Mackay, Douglas M. de Sieyes, Nicholas R. Einarson, Murray D. Feris, Kevin P. Pappas, Alexander A. Wood, Isaac A. Jacobson, Lisa Justice, Larry G. Noske, Mark N. Scow, Kate M. Wilson, John T. TI Impact of ethanol on the natural attenuation of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene in a normally sulfate-reducing aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; PLUME LENGTHS; BIODEGRADATION; GASOLINE; MTBE; BTEX AB Side-by-side experiments were conducted in a sulfate-reducing aquifer at a former fuel station to evaluate the effect of ethanol on biodegradation of other gasoline constituents. On one side, for similar to 9 months we injected groundwater amended with 1-3 mg/L benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BToX). On the other side, we injected the same, adding similar to 500 mg/L ethanol. Initially the BToX plumes on both sides ("lanes") extended approximately the same distance. Thereafter, the plumes in the "No Ethanol Lane" retracted significantly, which we hypothesize to be due to an initial acclimation period followed by improvement in efficiency of biodegradation under sulfate-reducing conditions. In the "With Ethanol Lane", the BToX plumes also retracted, but more slowly and not as far. The preferential biodegradation of ethanol depleted dissolved sulfate, leading to methanogenic/acetogenic conditions. We hypothesize that BToX in the ethanol-impacted lane were biodegraded in part within the methanogenic/acetogenic zone and, in part, within sulfate-reducing zones developing along the plume fringes due to mixing with sulfate-containing groundwater surrounding the plumes due to dispersion and/or shifts in flow direction. Overall, this research confirms that ethanol may reduce rates of biodegradation of aromatic fuel components in the subsurface, in both transient and near steady-state conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Geomatrix Consultants, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Mackay, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dmmackay@ucdavis.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-P42-ES04966] NR 14 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 6123 EP 6130 DI 10.1021/es060505a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000052 PM 17051810 ER PT J AU Norberg-King, TJ Sibley, PK Burton, GA Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Ireland, S Mount, DR Rowland, CD AF Norberg-King, Teresa J. Sibley, Paul K. Burton, G. Allen Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Ireland, Scott Mount, David R. Rowland, Carolyn D. TI Interlaboratory evaluation of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans short-term and long-term sediment toxicity tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment; interlaboratory; life cycle; toxicity; round robin ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENT; LIFE-CYCLE TEST; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; OVERLYING-WATER; RENEWAL SYSTEM; WHOLE-SEDIMENT; END-POINTS; AMPHIPOD AB Methods for assessing the long-term toxicity of sediments to Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans can significantly enhance the capacity to assess sublethal effects of contaminated sediments through multiple endpoints. Sublethal tests allow us to begin to understand the relationship between short-term and long-term effects for toxic sediments. We present an interlaboratory evaluation with long-term and 10-d tests using control and contaminated sediments in which we assess whether proposed and existing performance criteria (test acceptability criteria [TAC]) could be achieved. Laboratories became familiar with newly developed, long-term protocols by testing two control sediments in phase 1. In phase 2, the 10-d and long-term tests were examined with several sediments. Laboratories met the TACs, but results varied depending on the test organism, test duration, and endpoints. For the long-term tests in phase 1, 66 to 100% of the laboratories consistently met the TACs for survival, growth, or reproduction using H. azteca, and 70 to 100% of the laboratories met the TACs for survival and growth, emergence, reproduction, and hatchability using C. tentans. In phase 2, fewer laboratories participated in long-term tests: 71 to 88% of the laboratories met the TAC for H. azteca, whereas 50 to 67% met the TAC for C. tentans. In the 10-d tests with H. azteca and C. tentans, 82 and 88% of the laboratories met the TAC for survival, respectively, and 80% met the TAC for C. tentans growth. For the 10-d and long-term tests, laboratories predicted similar toxicity. Overall, the interlaboratory evaluation showed good precision of the methods, appropriate endpoints were incorporated into the test protocols, and tests effectively predicted the toxicity of sediments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Norberg-King, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MidContinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM norberg-king.teresa@epa.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2662 EP 2674 DI 10.1897/05-044R2.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 085KK UT WOS:000240602800015 PM 17022407 ER PT J AU Mount, DR Highland, TL Mattson, VR Dawson, TD Lott, KG Ingersoll, CG AF Mount, David R. Highland, Terry L. Mattson, Vincent R. Dawson, Timothy D. Lott, Kevin G. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lumbriculus variegatus; dietary exposure; fish nutrition; toxicology methods ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; COPPER; WATER AB The oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, has several characteristics that make it desirable as a prey organism for conducting dietary exposure studies with fish. We conducted 21- and 30-d experiments with young fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively, to determine whether a diet consisting solely of L. variegatus would support normal growth and to compare performance with standard diets (Artemia nauplii, frozen brine shrimp, or trout chow). All diets were readily accepted, and fish survived and grew well. Food conversion in both fathead minnows and rainbow trout was as high as or higher for the oligochaete diet compared with others, although this comparison is influenced by differences in ration, ingestion rate, or both. The oligochaete diet had gross nutritional analysis similar to the other diets, and meets fish nutrition guidelines for protein and essential amino acids. Methodologies and practical considerations for successfully using oligochaetes as an experimental diet are discussed. Considering their ready acceptance by fish, their apparent nutritional sufficiency, the ease of culturing large numbers, and the ease with which they can be loaded with exogenous chemicals, we believe that L. variegatus represents an excellent choice of exposure vector for exposing fish to toxicants via the diet. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Wilson Environm Labs, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mount.dave@epa.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2760 EP 2767 DI 10.1897/06-138.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 085KK UT WOS:000240602800026 PM 17022418 ER PT J AU Alexopoulou, L Kranidioti, K Xanthoulea, S Denis, M Kotanidou, A Douni, E Blackshear, PJ Kontoyiannis, DL Kollias, G AF Alexopoulou, Lena Kranidioti, Ksanthi Xanthoulea, Sofia Denis, Maria Kotanidou, Anastasia Douni, Eleni Blackshear, Perry J. Kontoyiannis, Dimitris L. Kollias, George TI Transmembrane TNF protects mutant mice against intracellular bacterial infections, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal models; cell surface molecules; cytokines; lymphoid organs; neuroimmunology ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FACTOR-ALPHA; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TRANSGENIC MICE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; DEFICIENT MICE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AB Using targeted mutagenesis in mice, we have blocked shedding of endogenous murine TNF by deleting its cleavage site. Mutant mice produce physiologically regulated levels of transmembrane TNF (tmTNF), which suffice to support thymocyte proliferation but cannot substitute for the hepatotoxic activities of wild-type TNF following LPS/D-galactosamine challenge in vivo and are not sufficient to support secondary lymphoid organ structure and function. Notably, however, tmTNF is capable of exerting anti-Listerial host defenses while remaining inadequate to mediate arthritogenic functions, as tested in the tristetraprolin-deficient model of TNF-dependent arthritis. Most interestingly, in the EAE model of autoimmune demyelination, tmTNF suppresses disease onset and progression and retains the autoimmune suppressive properties of wild-type TNF. Together, these results indicate that tmTNF preserves a subset of the beneficial activities of TNF while lacking detrimental effects. These data support the hypothesis that selective targeting of soluble TNF may offer several advantages over complete blockade of TNF in the treatment of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. C1 Biomed Sci Res Ctr Alexander Fleming, Inst Immunol, Vari 16672, Greece. Univ Athens, Dept Crit Care & Pulm Serv, Evaggelismos Hosp, Athens, Greece. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Clin Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kollias, G (reprint author), Biomed Sci Res Ctr Alexander Fleming, Inst Immunol, Vari 16672, Greece. EM g.kollias@fleming.gr RI Kollias, George/A-7079-2012; Alexopoulou, Lena/A-5041-2017 OI Kollias, George/0000-0003-1867-3150; Alexopoulou, Lena/0000-0003-4619-697X NR 70 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2768 EP 2780 DI 10.1002/eji.200635921 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 097RJ UT WOS:000241465700021 PM 16983719 ER PT J AU Choleris, E Ogawa, S Kavaliers, M Gustafsson, JA Korach, KS Muglia, LJ Pfaff, DW AF Choleris, E. Ogawa, S. Kavaliers, M. Gustafsson, J. -A. Korach, K. S. Muglia, L. J. Pfaff, D. W. TI Involvement of estrogen receptor alpha, beta and oxytocin in social discrimination: a detailed behavioral analysis with knockout female mice SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE activity; anxiety; ethological analysis; social interactions; social recognition ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; PULSED MAGNETIC-FIELD; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ANIMAL-MODELS; RECOGNITION; ANXIETY AB Social recognition, processing, and retaining information about conspecific individuals is crucial for the development of normal social relationships. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is necessary for social recognition in male and female mice, with its effects being modulated by estrogens in females. In previous studies, mice whose genes for the estrogen receptor-alpha (alpha-ERKO) and estrogen receptor-beta (beta-ERKO) as well as OTKO were knocked out failed to habituate to a repeatedly presented conspecific and to dishabituate when the familiar mouse is replaced by a novel animal (Choleris et al. 2003, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 6192-6197). However, a binary social discrimination assay, where animals are given a simultaneous choice between a familiar and a previously unknown individual, offers a more direct test of social recognition. Here, we used alpha-ERKO, beta-ERKO, and OTKO female mice in the binary social discrimination paradigm. Differently from their wild-type controls, when given a choice, the KO mice showed either reduced (beta-ERKO) or completely impaired (OTKO and alpha-ERKO) social discrimination. Detailed behavioral analyses indicate that all of the KO mice have reduced anxiety-related stretched approaches to the social stimulus with no overall impairment in horizontal and vertical activity, non-social investigation, and various other behaviors such as, self-grooming, digging, and inactivity. Therefore, the OT, ER-alpha, and ER-beta genes are necessary, to different degrees, for social discrimination and, thus, for the modulation of social behavior (e.g. aggression, affiliation). C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Psychol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Rockefeller Univ, Neurobiol & Behav Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON, Canada. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Washington Univ, Pain Ctr, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO USA. RP Choleris, E (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Psychol, Mackinnon Bldg,Room 3004, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM echoleri@uoguelph.ca OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 60 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1601-1848 J9 GENES BRAIN BEHAV JI Genes Brain Behav. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 7 BP 528 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00203.x PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 085VA UT WOS:000240631300004 PM 17010099 ER PT J AU Dilbeck, GA Taylor, B Leitch, J Silverstone, M Moore, B Honsa, P AF Dilbeck, George A. Taylor, Bud Leitch, Jerrold Silverstone, Marina Moore, Brian Honsa, Patricia TI A novel technique for the rapid identification of alpha emitters released during a radiological incident SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air sampling; contamination; monitoring, air; spectrometry, alpha ID FALLOUT; WATER AB Before the May 2003 TOPOFF II exercise in Seattle, the U.S. EPA's Laboratory in Las Vegas prepared five spiked samples to be analyzed by the Washington State Department of Health's (WSDOH) Radiation Laboratory. Two of these were simulated deposition samples prepared on packaging tape. Laboratories throughout the world are investigating rapid methods for analyzing plume-borne radioactive materials. While measuring gamma emitters in environmental samples is fairly straightforward, the potential presence of alpha emitters adds complexity. The short range of alpha particles and the high degree of energy interference between nuclides usually require chemical separations and very thin mounts for alpha spectrometry. Work published on Frisch-Grid alpha counting of transuranics in soil and the commercial development of radon-rejection for air filters indicate that alpha spectrometry can be used directly on some media with success. This suggests that plume-borne material sampled from air or freshly deposited surface layers may be counted directly by alpha spectrometry, making it possible to identify both alpha and gamma emitters and determine their relative concentrations. The long-range objective is to propose a sampling method that can be used for rapid qualitative and semiquantitative analyses using conventional radioanalytical instruments, with minimal preparation. This paper describes experimentation with this approach during a real-time exercise. All samples were prepared by spiking with Ts-137, Am-241, Pu-238, and Pu-239 and presented to the WSDOH's Radiation Laboratory for analysis during TOPOFF II. The laboratory quickly identified and determined the ratios of all four contaminants on the tape samples using sequential alpha spectrometry and gamma-ray spectroscopy without chemical separations. C1 US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Radiat Lab, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. RP Dilbeck, GA (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, POB 98517, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM dilbeck.george@epa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 4 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000215836.77242.b5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 084HQ UT WOS:000240524400003 PM 16966874 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S McKenney, CL Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy McKenney, Charles L., Jr. Barron, Mace G. TI Application of perturbation simulations in population risk assessment for different life history strategies and elasticity patterns SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE population risk assessment; population models; elasticity analysis; life history strategies ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; GROWTH RATE; MODELS; CONSEQUENCES; VIABILITY; EXPOSURE; STRESS; FISH AB Population structure and life history strategies are determinants of how populations respond to stressor-induced impairments in organism-level responses. Effects on population growth rate were modeled using seven theoretical constructs that represented the life history strategies and elasticity patterns of a broad range of species. Simulations of low to high ranges of simultaneous reductions in survival and reproduction were conducted and results indicated that stressor impacts on population growth rate were a function of population characteristics and the magnitude of the stress. Species that had high reproductive elasticity had greater population-level impacts than species with high survival elasticity for the same organism-level effects. Perturbation simulations were performed to assess the extinction risk in two species with similar elasticity patterns but different life history strategies: mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia, and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, which can be related to classical K- and r-strategists, respectively. Deterministic extinction risk was greater for the K-strategist, which indicated that population level risks were dependent on life history strategies, and toxicity values (e.g., LC50s) should be interpreted with caution. Ecological risk assessments should consider both population structure and life history strategy of an ecological receptor, in addition to the intrinsic sensitivity of the species to contaminant stressors. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 983 EP 999 DI 10.1080/10807030600826904 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081XY UT WOS:000240352100011 ER PT J AU Childers, DL Iwaniec, D Rondeau, D Rubio, G Verdon, E Madden, CJ AF Childers, Daniel L. Iwaniec, David Rondeau, Damon Rubio, Gustavo Verdon, Emilie Madden, Christopher J. TI Responses of sawgrass and spikerush to variation in hydrologic drivers and salinity in Southern Everglades marshes SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Everglades; LTER; APWP; sawgrass; hydrology; restoration ID AERIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PHOSPHORUS; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) by the dominant macrophyte and plant community composition are related to the changing hydrologic environment and to salinity in the southern Everglades, FL, USA. We present a new non-destructive ANPP technique that is applicable to any continuously growing herbaceous system. Data from 16 sites, collected from 1998 to 2004, were used to investigate how hydrology and salinity controlled sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz.) ANPP. Sawgrass live biomass showed little seasonal variation and annual means ranged from 89 to 639 gdw m(-2). Mortality rates were 20-35% of live biomass per 2 month sampling interval, for biomass turnover rates of 1.3-2.5 per year. Production by C. janiaicense was manifest primarily as biomass turnover, not as biomass accumulation. Rates typically ranged from 300 to 750 gdw m(-2) year, but exceeded 1000 gdw m(-2) year(-1) at one site and were as high as 750 gdw m(-2) year(-1) at estuarine ecotone sites. Production was negatively related to mean annual water depth, hydroperiod, and to a variable combining the two (depth-days). As water depths and hydroperiods increased in our southern Everglades study area, sawgrass ANPP declined. Because a primary restoration goal is to increase water depths and hydroperiods for some regions of the Everglades, we investigated how the plant community responded to this decline in sawgrass ANPP. Spikerush (Eleocharis sp.) was the next most prominent component of this community at our sites, and 39% of the variability in sawgrass ANPP was explained by a negative relationship with mean annual water depth, hydroperiod, and Eleocharis sp. density the following year. Sawgrass ANPP at estuarine ecotone sites responded negatively to salinity, and rates of production were slow to recover after high salinity years. Our results suggest that ecologists, managers, and the public should not necessarily interpret a decline in sawgrass that may result from hydrologic restoration as a negative phenomenon. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci & SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, Coastal Ecosyst Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Childers, DL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci & SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM childers@fiu.edu RI Iwaniec, David/M-7993-2014 OI Iwaniec, David/0000-0002-0410-4152 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2006 VL 569 BP 273 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0137-9 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 085AT UT WOS:000240576200020 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener organic syntheses under non-traditional conditions SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION B-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INCLUDING MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Green and Sustainable Chemistry CY JAN 10-13, 2006 CL Delhi, INDIA SP Delhi Univ DE green chemistry; organic synthesis; solvent-free reactions; microwave irradiation; ultrasonic irradiation; ionic liquids; aqueous media ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PREPARATION; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; IODOBENZENE DIACETATE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ALKYL AZIDES; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; ALPHA-TOSYLOXYKETONES AB A solvent-free approach that involves microwave (MW) exposure of neat reactants (undiluted) catalyzed by the surfaces of less-expensive and recyclable mineral Supports such Lis alumina, silica, clay, or 'doped' surfaces is presented which is applicable to a wide range of cleavage, condensation, cyclization, rearrangement, oxidation and reduction reactions including rapid one-pot assembly of heterocyclic compounds from in situ generated reactive intermediates. The strategy is adaptable to multi-component reactions e.g. Ugi and Biginelli reactions for rapid assembly of a library Of compounds. Synthesis of a wide variety of. significant precursors and intermediates namely, enones, imines, enamines, nitroalkenes, and oxidized Sulfur species is possible and their value in concise MW synthesis of 2-aroylbenzofurans, and thiazole derivatives is illustrated. Ultrasound- and MW-assisted solventless preparation of ionic liquids and their application in alkylation and metal -catalyzed multi-component reactions is described. Efficient reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide provides ready access to cyclic carbonates using only a catalytic amount of recyclable indium-based ionic liquid. MW heating in aqueous reaction media enables expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines to afford a series of heterocyclic ring systems such as N-azacycloalkanes, 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, pyrazolidines etc. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0376-4699 J9 INDIAN J CHEM B JI Indian J. Chem. Sect B-Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2305 EP 2312 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 097GL UT WOS:000241435100009 ER PT J AU Betowski, LD Enlow, M Aue, DH AF Betowski, L. D. Enlow, Mark Aue, Donald H. TI Electron affinities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and negative-ion chemical-ionization sensitivities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); electron affinity; chemical-ionization mass spectrometry; computational chemistry ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RATE CONSTANTS; DETACHMENT; ATTACHMENT; SPECTRA; ENERGY; CH5 AB Negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NICI MS) has the potential to be a very useful technique in identifying various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and sediment samples. Some PAHs give much stronger signals under NICI MS conditions than others. On the other hand, positive-ion signals are largely comparable under the same source conditions. An extensive set of newly re-evaluated experimental electron affinities (EAs), or free energies of electron attachment, are now available, as well as reliable predicted electron affinities from quantum theoretical calculations or from solution reduction potentials and theoretically predicted solvation energies. In order to show a high negative-ion sensitivity, a PAH must have an EA that exceeds a threshold of approximately of 0.5 eV Comparisons between the negative-ion to positive-ion sensitivities (N/P ratios) and these new electron affinities show a rough correlation between the two, but naphthacene and perylene are exceptions to this relationship with much lower sensitivities than expected from their high EA values. By calculating the EA for a PAH, one can predict whether a sensitivity enhancement under NICI MS conditions is to be expected. Since aliphatic hydrocarbons and many other substances have negative or very low EAs, NICI MS is expected to be a good technique for detecting PAHs in samples contaminated with other hydrocarbons or compounds with low EAs. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NERL, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Betowski, LD (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM betowski.don@epa.gov; aue@chem.ucsb.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 255 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.04.008 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 082IV UT WOS:000240380900016 ER PT J AU Carpenter, DO El-Qaderi, S Fayzieva, D Gilani, AH Hambartsumyan, A Herz, K Isobaev, M Kasymov, O Kudyakov, R Majitova, Z Mamadov, E Nemer, L Revich, B Stege, P Suk, W Upshur, R Yilmaz, B Zaineh, K AF Carpenter, David O. El-Qaderi, Saleh Fayzieva, Dilorom Gilani, Anwar H. Hambartsumyan, Amelia Herz, Katherine Isobaev, Muzafar Kasymov, Omor Kudyakov, Rustam Majitova, Zayra Mamadov, Elshad Nemer, Leda Revich, Boris Stege, Piper Suk, William Upshur, Ross Yilmaz, Bayram Zaineh, Kamal TI Children's environmental health in Central Asia and the Middle East SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lead; persistent organic pollutants; smoking; drinking water; Aral Sea; children; Asia; Middle East ID ARAL SEA REGION; EXPOSURE; POLLUTANTS AB Children in Central Asia and the Middle East bear disproportionate environmental threats to health, of which the most widespread and serious result from poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to safe drinking water and food, and exposures to toxic chemicals. Their psychological health is threatened in several parts of this region by internal wars and strife. Many, or even most, children are regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. In many of these countries, children constitute very high percentages of the population. Because children constitute the future, it is critical that these threats to their health be addressed and reduced to the greatest extent possible through both provision of safe and adequate drinking water and nutrition and reduction of exposures to environmental contaminants. C1 SUNY Albany, Inst Hlth & Environm, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Irbid, Jordan. Acad Sci, Inst Water Problems, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Aga Khan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Sindh, Pakistan. Khazer Ecol & Cultural NGO, Yerevan, Armenia. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Acad Sci Republ Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Minist Hlth Kyrgyz Republ, Sci & Prod Ctr Prevent Med, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Univ Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Kazakhstan State Med Univ, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Azerbaijian Polytech Univ, Ecol Fund, Gyandja, Azerbaijan. WHO, Reg Off Europe, Childrens Hlth & Environm Programme, Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Demog & Human Ecol, Moscow, Russia. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Firat Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Elazig, Turkey. Hlth Work Comm, Ramallah, Palestine, Israel. RP Carpenter, DO (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Inst Hlth & Environm, 5 Univ Pl,Room A217, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM carpent@uamail.albany.edu RI Gilani, Anwar/E-9163-2015; OI Upshur, Ross/0000-0003-1128-0557 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW00636] NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 362 EP 368 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 113ZD UT WOS:000242635600010 PM 17168224 ER PT J AU Brobst, RB AF Brobst, Robert B. TI Recycling sewage sludge SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Brobst, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8, Washington, DC USA. EM Brobst.Bob@epa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 113ZD UT WOS:000242635600021 PM 17168234 ER PT J AU Jia, G Takahashi, R Zhang, ZP Tsuji, Y Sone, H AF Jia, Guang Takahashi, Ryoya Zhang, Zhiping Tsuji, Yoshiaki Sone, Hideko TI Aldo-keto reductase 1 family B7 is the gene induced in response to oxidative stress in the livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AKR1B7; oxidative stress; oligonucleotide array; realtime PCR; Long Evans Cinnamon rat ID NF-KAPPA-B; MOUSE VAS-DEFERENS; LEC RATS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; ADRENOCORTICAL-CELLS; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANTS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HEME OXYGENASE AB The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat strain (Atp7b m/m), which accumulates copper in the liver due to mutations in the Atp7b gene, is a useful model for investigating the relationship between oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenesis. To determine the effect of this mutation on oxidative stress marker genes, we performed oligonucleotide array analysis (Affymetrix), and compared the results in Atp7b m/m rats with those of a sibling line with the Atp7b w/w genotype. We focused our studies on the expression of the aldo-keto reductase I family B7 (AKR1B7)-like protein gene, since this gene codes for reductase enzymes involved in the detoxification of oxidizing compounds (e.g., aldehydes) and was differentially expressed in Atp7b m/m and Atp7b w/w rat liver. Akr1B7 mRNA expression was significantly increased in comparison with the expression of 4 other known oxidative stress responsive genes, haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin (Trx), aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). By searching binding motifs, five nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) binding sites were located in the 5'-upstream region of the Akr1b7 gene. Transient co-transfection with both I-kBa and the Akr1b7 6 kb promoter (p6.0-AKR-Luc) inhibited luciferase activity of p6.0-AKR-Luc in HepG2 cells. Cuprous ion however did not affect the transcription activity induced by p6.0-AKR-Luc. Gel-shift assay showed that the DNA binding activity of NF-KB increased in the livers of LEC rats, suggesting that the oxidative stress is mediated through NF-KB. The results indicate conclusively that in LEC rat liver, Akr1b7 might be up-regulated by oxidative stress mediated through NF-KB, but not that mediated directly by copper. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Hlth Effects Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Toho Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Biochem Lab, Chiba 2748510, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sone, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Hlth Effects Res Team, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM hsone@nies.go.jp FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060007, R01 DK060007-03, DK60007] NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 829 EP 838 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 088HX UT WOS:000240803900007 PM 16964378 ER PT J AU Song, I Stine, SW Choi, CY Gerba, CP AF Song, Inhong Stine, Scott W. Choi, Christopher Y. Gerba, Charles P. TI Comparison of crop contamination by microorganisms during subsurface drip and furrow irrigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE trickle irrigation; furrow irrigation; crops; contamination ID WASTE-WATER; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; AGRICULTURE; GUIDELINES; QUALITY; VIRUSES; SYSTEM; REUSE AB This study was conducted to compare subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with furrow irrigation (FI) in crop contamination with microbial-contaminated water irrigation. Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and coliphage PRD-1 were added to water used to irrigate cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell pepper. Samples of produce, surface, and subsurface (10 cm) soil for each irrigation system were collected on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the application of the study microorganisms. Overall, greater contamination of produce occurred in FI plots than in SDI plots. The microorganisms were detected on the surfaces of cantaloupe and lettuce, but were never recovered on the bell peppers. The greatest amount of contamination occurred with PRD-1 on cantaloupe. The study microorganisms survived longer in the subsurface soil than the soil surface. PRD-1 showed greater persistence than E. coli in soil, while C. perfringens experienced little inactivation during the experiment periods. This study showed that subsurface drip irrigation has great potential to reduce health risks when microbial-contaminated water is used for irrigation water. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US EPA, Reg 6, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Choi, CY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM songx102@umn.edu; stine.scott@epa.gov; cchoi@arizona.edu; gerba@ag.arizona.edu NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:10(1243) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105EO UT WOS:000242012600004 ER PT J AU Cicchetti, G Latimer, JS Rego, SA Nelson, WG Bergen, BJ Coiro, LL AF Cicchetti, G. Latimer, J. S. Rego, S. A. Nelson, W. G. Bergen, B. J. Coiro, L. L. TI Relationships between near-bottom dissolved oxygen and sediment profile camera measures SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sediment Profile Imagery Colloquium of Experts (SPICE) CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Marine Sci Inst, Galway, IRELAND HO Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Marine Sci Inst DE dissolved oxygen; sediment profile; hypoxia; anoxia; zoobenthos; benthic habitat quality ID MARINE BENTHIC HABITATS; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; IN-SITU; FAUNA; MACROFAUNA; ABUNDANCE; PROTOCOL; HYPOXIA; ESTUARY AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and other environmental authorities regulate concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) as a measure of nutrient-related eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters, However, in situ DO concentrations are extremely variable, and their characterization requires an extensive sampling program to provide data over meaningful scales of time and space. In contrast, benthic faunal communities integrate the impacts of low DO over time, and can be rapidly assessed using benthic imaging. The goal of this study was to quantify the relationships between near-bottom dissolved oxygen and measures derived from benthic imaging with a sediment profile camera. We monitored three stations in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) for DO and other water quality parameters 15-20 cm above the sediment surface on 15-minute intervals between July and November 2002, and regularly sampled these stations with a sediment profile camera throughout this time period. These soft-sediment stations encompassed several DO environments. We tested for relationships between near-bottom DO and several camera measures, including Nilsson and Rosenberg's Benthic Habitat Quality (BHQ) index, the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD) depth, and various faunal features that can be identified in sediment profile images. Camera measures were examined against a variety of methods of characterizing DO (including mean DO, and the percent of time under various DO thresholds), over a span of time scales from I day to 49 days. The best relationship (highest r(2)) between near-bottom DO and BHQ was found when DO was evaluated as the percent of time under a hypoxic threshold of 2.6 mg l(-1) over a 28-day time scale (by examining DO records over the 28 days preceding each camera deployment). We found that, over several benthic settings, the BHQ index was successful at identifying environments that had experienced relatively high or low DO over the preceding four weeks. Our sediment profile data showed more variability with DO in the intermediate values of BHQ. We conclude that sediment profile camera measures correlate to DO in areas where low DO is the primary stressor, integrate DO over ecologically relevant time scales, and enable sampling over spatial scales that are meaningful for mapping by virtue of rapid deployment and analysis. We submit that sediment profile camera imagery is a useful assessment and mapping tool for environmental managers interested in benthic condition and in first-order quantitative estimates of near-bottom DO regimes in areas where low DO is the primary benthic stressor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cicchetti, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cicchetti.giancarlo@epa.gov RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009 OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 124 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.005 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 104RA UT WOS:000241975200002 ER PT J AU Qian, L Block, ML Wei, SJ Lin, CF Reece, J Pang, H Wilson, B Hong, JS Flood, PM AF Qian, Li Block, Michelle L. Wei, Sung-Jen Lin, Chiou-Feng Reece, Jeffrey Pang, Hao Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong Flood, Patrick M. TI Interleukin-10 protects lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in primary midbrain cultures by inhibiting the function of NADPH oxidase SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress on Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders CY JUN 05-09, 2005 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; TETRAZOLIUM SALT; NITRIC-OXIDE; CELL-DEATH; RAT-BRAIN; MICROGLIA; SUPEROXIDE; ACTIVATION AB The role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Parkinson's disease is not completely understood. In this study, using mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures, we report that both pretreatment and post-treatment of rat mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures with interleukin (IL)-10, a natural immune modulator, reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DA neurotoxicity. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying IL-10-elicited neuroprotection. IL-10 significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, and extracellular superoxide in microglia cells. In addition, using reconstituted neuron and glia cell cultures, IL-10 was shown to be neuroprotective only in the presence of microglia. More importantly, IL-10 failed to protect DA neurons in cultures from mice lacking NADPH oxidase (PHOX), a key enzyme for extracellular superoxide production in immune cells, suggesting the critical role of PHOX in IL-10 neuroprotection. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that IL-10 inhibited LPS-induced translocation of the cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase p47(phox) to the membrane. When the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) 1 signaling pathway was blocked, IL-10 failed to attenuate LPS-induced superoxide production, indicating that the JAK1 signaling cascade mediates the inhibitory effect of IL-10. Together, our results suggest that IL-10 inhibits LPS-induced DA neurotoxicity through the inhibition of PHOX activity in a JAK1-dependent mechanism. C1 Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Confocal Microscopy Ctr, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Flood, PM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pat_flood@dentistry.unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-13079] NR 41 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 319 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.106351 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 087UK UT WOS:000240767800005 PM 16807359 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Watson, JG Mauderly, JL Costa, DL Wyzga, RE Vedal, S Hidy, GM Altshuler, SL Marrack, D Heuss, JM Wolff, GT Pope, CA Dockery, DW AF Chow, Judith C. Watson, John G. Mauderly, Joe L. Costa, Daniel L. Wyzga, Ronald E. Vedal, Sverre Hidy, George M. Altshuler, Sam L. Marrack, David Heuss, Jon M. Wolff, George T. Pope, C. Arden, III Dockery, Douglas W. TI Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AMBIENT PARTICLES; DIESEL EXHAUST; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; CITIES; COMPONENTS; DISEASES C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. Ft Bend Med Clin, Houston, TX USA. Air Improvement Resource Inc, Novi, MI USA. Gen Motors Publ Policy Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 79 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 30 U2 187 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1368 EP 1380 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 091RP UT WOS:000241046300004 PM 17063860 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Mathur, R Kang, DW Schere, K Eder, B Pleirn, J AF Yu, Shaocai Mathur, Rohit Kang, Daiwen Schere, Kenneth Eder, Brian Pleirn, Jonathan TI Performance and diagnostic evaluation of ozone predictions by the eta-community multiscale air quality forecast system during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; UNITED-STATES; MODELING SYSTEM; WATER-VAPOR; N2O5; CMAQ AB A real-time air quality forecasting system (Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality [CMAQ] model suite) has been developed by linking the National Centers for Environmental Estimation Eta model to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) CMAQ model. This work presents results from the application of the Eta-CMAQ modeling system for forecasting ozone (0,) over the Northeastern United States during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS). Spatial and temporal performance of the Eta-CMAQ model for 0, was evaluated by comparison with observations from the EPA Air Quality System (AQS) network. This study also examines the ability of the model to simulate the processes governing the distributions of tropospheric O-3 on the basis of the intensive datasets obtained at the four Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis, and Estimation (AIRMAP) and Harvard Forest (HF) surface sites. The episode analysis reveals that the model captured the buildup of O-3 concentrations over the northeastern domain from August 11 and reproduced the spatial distributions of observed O-3 very well for the daytime (8:00 p.m) of both August 8 and 12 with most of normalized mean bias (NMB). within +/- 20%. The model reproduced 53.3% of the observed hourly 0, within a factor of 1.5 with NMB of 29.7% and normalized mean error of 46.9% at the 342 AQS sites. The comparison of modeled and observed lidar O-3 vertical profiles shows that whereas the model reproduced the observed vertical structure, it tended to overestimate at higher altitude. The model reproduced 64-77% of observed NO2 photolysis rate values within a factor of 1.5 at the AIRMAP sites. At the HF site, comparison of modeled and observed O-3/nitrogen oxide (NOx.) ratios suggests that the site is mainly under strongly NOx-sensitive conditions (> 53%). It was found that the modeled lower limits of the O-3 production efficiency values (inferred from O-3-Co correlation) are close to the observations. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1459 EP 1471 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 091RP UT WOS:000241046300012 PM 17063868 ER PT J AU Henn, BC McMaster, S Padilla, S AF Henn, Birgit Claus McMaster, Suzanne Padilla, Stephanie TI Measuring cholinesterase activity in human saliva SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY POPULATION GROUP; PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; PLASMA; ATRAZINE; RATS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; APPLICATORS AB To assess the potential for using saliva in pesticide biomonitoring, the consistency of cholinesterase activity in human saliva collected over time was examined. In this pilot study, saliva was collected from 20 healthy adults once per week for 5 consecutive weeks using 2 different collection methods: a disposable plastic pipette, and a cotton-wool roll. A brief questionnaire was conducted each week to document changes in exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors for the duration of the sampling. To measure cholinesterase activity, an existing radiometric method was modified to make it suitable for human saliva. Using this method, cholinesterase activity was measurable in saliva, and duplicate samples showed reliable repeatability. Activity in both collection methods ranged from 3 to 265 nmol/h/ml saliva (mean = 52 +/- 37 [SD] nmol/h/ml saliva). For some individuals, enzyme activity was consistent over the five sampling weeks; for others, activity was highly variable. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated to assess variability, and mean CVs were the same for both collection methods (about 35%). Adjusting for protein concentration in the pipette-collected samples did not change results. Both collection methods worked well for collecting between 1 and 3 ml saliva, but at the majority of visits (86%), participants preferred the cotton-wool roll. Results from this study suggest that saliva may be a useful indicator of potential neurotoxic effects from exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, but that factors affecting variability should be explored further. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM padilla.stephanie@epa.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 19 BP 1805 EP 1818 DI 10.1080/15287390600631458 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 072RG UT WOS:000239690100005 ER PT J AU Hoch, MP Snyder, RA Jeffrey, WH Dillon, KS Coffin, RB AF Hoch, Matthew P. Snyder, Richard A. Jeffrey, Wade H. Dillon, Kevin S. Coffin, Richard B. TI Expression of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase by marine bacterioplankton: Assay optimizations and efficacy for assessing nitrogen to carbon metabolic balance in situ SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; AMINO-ACIDS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIOPLANKTON; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Expression of glutamate metabolism enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glutamine synthetase (GS) are proposed to yield information on the nitrogen (N) to carbon (C) metabolic balance within bacterioplankton communities. Whole-cell assay conditions were optimized, and reactions were linear with time and biomass. Enzyme activities were assayed in seawater cultures from four ecosystems of contrasting trophic state amended with different regimes of glucose, amino acids, and ammonium (NH4+) to validate expression patterns of GDH and GS in various combinations of N and C limitation or excess. In three of four experiments, glucose amendment enhanced GS expression by 2-fold but repressed GDH by 10% to 40% relative to the control. In contrast, addition of amino acids or NH4+ resulted in 20% to 90% repression of GS and enhanced GDH expression by 20% to 900%. The GDH: GS activity ratio (x10(-3))ranged from 6 to 22 in glucose added treatments and 63 to 264 in NH4+-amended treatments and appears to be a more sensitive index of bacterial N bioavailability relative to C supply than either enzyme alone. Cluster analysis was used to identify the condition of ambient bacterioplankton by matching enzyme expression with the validation results. This enzymatic approach overcomes some of the biases and limitations of other methods for assessing N metabolism in marine bacteria while providing unique information to further understand constraints of bacterioplankton respiration, production, and N flux. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Hoch, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, York, PA 17403 USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 4 BP 308 EP 328 PG 21 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 121FA UT WOS:000243142300002 ER PT J AU Dean, TR Kohan, M Betancourt, D Menetrez, MY AF Dean, Timothy R. Kohan, Michael Betancourt, Doris Menetrez, Marc Y. TI A simple polymerase chain reaction-sequencing analysis capable of identifying multiple medically relevant filamentous fungal species SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE filamentous fungi; fungal identification; mold; PAN-PCR; sequencing; Stachybotrys chartarum ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; AIRBORNE FUNGI; INDOOR; MOLD; IDENTIFICATION; DUST; BUILDINGS; OUTDOOR; INFANT AB Due to the accumulating evidence that suggests that numerous unhealthy conditions in the indoor environment are the result of abnormal growth of the filamentous fungi (mold) in and on building surfaces it is necessary to accurately determine the organisms responsible for these maladies and to identify them in an accurate and timely manner. Historically, identification of filamentous fungal (mold) species has been based on morphological characteristics, both macroscopic and microscopic. These methods may often be time consuming and inaccurate, necessitating the development of identification protocols that are rapid, sensitive, and precise. To this end, we have devised a simple PAN-PCR approach which when coupled to cloning and sequencing of the clones allows for the unambiguous identification of multiple fungal organisms. Universal primers are used to amplify ribosomal DNA sequences which are then cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli. Individual clones are then sequenced and individual sequences analyzed and organisms identified. Using this method we were capable of identifying Stachybotrys chartarum, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sydowii, and Cladosporium cladosporioides from a mixed culture. This method was found to be rapid, highly specific, easy to perform, and cost effective. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dean, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dean.timothy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2006 VL 162 IS 4 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0068-z PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 094SW UT WOS:000241260300001 PM 17039272 ER PT J AU Yeh, S Loughlin, DH Shay, C Gage, C AF Yeh, Sonia Loughlin, Daniel H. Shay, Carol Gage, Cynthia TI An integrated assessment of the impacts of hydrogen economy on transportation, energy use, and air emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; energy modeling; greenhouse gases; light duty vehicles; Monte Carlo simulation; sensitivity analysis; transportation ID FUEL-CELL VEHICLES; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; INFRASTRUCTURE AB This paper presents an analysis of the potential system-wide energy and air emissions implications of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (H-2-FCV) penetration into the U.S. light duty vehicle (LDV) fleet. The analysis uses the U.S. EPA MARKet Allocation (MARKAL) technology database and model to simultaneously consider competition among alternative technologies and fuels, with a focus on the transportation and the electric sectors. Our modeled reference case suggests that economics alone would not yield H-2-FCV penetration by 2030. A parametric sensitivity analysis shows that H-2-FCV can become economically viable through reductions in H-2-FCV costs, increases in the costs of competing vehicle technologies, and increases in oil prices. Alternative scenarios leading to H-2-FCV penetration are shown to result in very different patterns of total system energy usage depending on the conditions driving H-2-FCV penetration. Overall, the model suggests that total CO2 emissions changes are complex, but that CO2 emission levels tend to decrease slightly with H-2-FCV penetration. While carbon capture and sequestration technologies with H-2 production and renewable technologies for H-2 production have the potential to achieve greater CO2 reductions, these technologies are not economically competitive within our modeling time frame without additional drivers. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Transportat Program, Ctr Urban & Reg Studies, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yeh, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Transportat Program, Ctr Urban & Reg Studies, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM sonia_yeh@unc.edu; loughlin.dan@epa.gov; shay.carol@epa.gov; gage.cynthia@epa.gov OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD OCT PY 2006 VL 94 IS 10 SI SI BP 1838 EP 1851 DI 10.1109/JPROC2006.883719 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 115KT UT WOS:000242733900008 ER PT J AU Hack, CE Chiu, WA Zhao, QJ Clewell, HJ AF Hack, C. Eric Chiu, Weihsueh A. Zhao, Q. Jay Clewell, Harvey J. TI Bayesian population analysis of a harmonized physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; TCE; Bayesian analysis; PBPK; pharmacokinetics; dosimetry ID AL. PBPK MODEL; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; B6C3F1 MICE; KINETICS; HUMANS AB Bayesian population analysis of a harmonized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites was performed. In the Bayesian framework, prior information about the PBPK model parameters is updated using experimental kinetic data to obtain posterior parameter estimates. Experimental kinetic data measured in mice, rats, and humans were available for this analysis, and the resulting posterior model predictions were in better agreement with the kinetic data than prior model predictions. Uncertainty in the prediction of the kinetics of TCE, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and trichloroethanol (TCOH) was reduced, while the kinetics of other key metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA), chloral hydrate (CHL), and dichlorovinyl mercaptan (DCVSH) remain relatively uncertain due to sparse kinetic data for use in this analysis. To help focus future research to further reduce uncertainty in model predictions, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to help identify the parameters that have the greatest impact on various internal dose metric predictions. For application to a risk assessment for TCE, the model provides accurate estimates of TCE, TCA, and TCOH kinetics. This analysis provides an important step toward estimating uncertainty of dose-response relationships in noncancer and cancer risk assessment, improving the extrapolation of toxic TCE doses from experimental animals to humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ENVIRON Hlth Sci Inst, Ruston, LA USA. RP Hack, CE (reprint author), Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM hack@tera.org NR 43 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.012 PG 21 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 086WH UT WOS:000240703200006 PM 16889879 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Barr, D Boekelheide, K Breslin, W Breysse, P Chapin, R Gaido, K Hodgson, E Marcus, M Shea, K Williams, P AF Kavlock, Robert Barr, Dana Boekelheide, Kim Breslin, William Breysse, Patrick Chapin, Robert Gaido, Kevin Hodgson, Ernest Marcus, Michele Shea, Katherine Williams, Paige TI NTP-CERHR Expert Panel update on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DEHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE-INFUSION LINES; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; HYG. ENVIRON. HEALTH; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DIETHYLHEXYL-PHTHALATE; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Greenfield, IN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 193 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 291 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.04.007 PG 109 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 090PB UT WOS:000240962100001 PM 17068859 ER PT J AU Hunter, ES Blanton, MR Rogers, EH Mole, ML Andrews, J Chernoff, N AF Hunter, E. Sidney, III Blanton, Maria R. Rogers, Ellen H. Mole, M. Leonard Andrews, James Chernoff, Neil TI Short-term exposures to dihaloacetic acids produce dysmorphogenesis in mouse conceptuses in vitro SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haloacetic acid; whole embryo culture; short-term exposure; potency of dihaloacetates ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HALOACETIC ACIDS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; TOPOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; RAT; DICHLOROACETATE AB The haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a family of xenobiotics found in tap water as a result of drinking water disinfection. Administration of HAAs to rats produces a variety of adverse effects, including developmental toxicity. The dysmorphogenic potencies of all nine bromo/chloro-acetic acids have been determined in rodent whole embryo culture using standard 26-h exposure. Since the half-lives of the HAAs in vivo are typically < 8 h, the developmental effects of short-term exposures to dihaloacetates were evaluated. Gestation day 8 (3-6 somite pairs) CD-1 mouse conceptuses were exposed to 11,000 mu M dichloroacetic acid (DCA), 300 mu M dibromoacetic acid (DBA) or 300 mu M bromochloroacetic acid (BCA) for culture periods of 1, 3, 6 or 26 h. Following 1, 3 or 6 h of exposure to HAAs, conceptuses were transferred to control medium to complete a 26-h culture period. The amounts of HAAs present in embryos after 1, 3 and 6 h of exposure were determined. Increased incidences of dysmorphic embryos were produced by 6 or 26-h exposures to DCA; a 26-h exposure to DBA; or 3, 6 or 26-h exposures to BCA. The dysmorphology produced was dependent upon the length of exposure and chemical. The embryonic concentration of each HAA (104.5, 2.5 and 2.6 pmol/mu g protein for DCA, DBA and BCA, respectively) was reached by I It of exposure and did not change at the subsequent time points examined. The current studies demonstrate that BCA is more potent than DBA or DCA at disrupting embryogenesis since shorter exposures alter morphogenesis. Since the embryonic HAA concentrations were the same at the three time points measured, the time-dependence in dysmorphogenesis does not appear to be a simple function of increasing embryonic concentration of these chemicals. These studies demonstrate that for these dihaloacetic acids relatively high concentrations and long exposures are needed to alter rodent development in vitro. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hunter, ES (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD,RTP, MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Hunter.Sid@EPA.GOV NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.01.001 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 090PB UT WOS:000240962100008 PM 16527447 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS AF Caruso, Brian S. TI Effectiveness of braided, gravel-bed river restoration in the Upper Waitaki Basin, New Zealand SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river restoration; wetlands; New Zealand; braided; gravel-bed ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; STREAM RESTORATION; SOUTH ISLAND; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; PERSPECTIVE; DESIGN; REHABILITATION; ABUNDANCE AB In 1991 the New Zealand Department of Conservation implemented Project River Recovery (PRR) to restore braided, gravel-bed riverine and wetland habitats in the Upper Waitaki Basin on the South Island. These are critical habitats for wading and shore birds, including threatened species, but have been degraded by hydroelectric power development. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of PRR after more than 10 years with regard to key issues, effective methods, and lessons learned. Few restoration programs explicitly include evaluation of effectiveness or criteria for success, thereby limiting knowledge transfer and benefits to new or ongoing projects. This evaluation is based on site visits, interviews with program staff, review of PRR documents, comparisons with international restoration programs and recommendations, and a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. Primary components include pest plant and animal control, wetland construction and enhancement, research and monitoring, and public awareness. The program has elements common to many other restoration programs, including strategic planning and annual reporting. Its strengths include well-defined goals, stakeholder collaboration, and successful integration of science with restoration as part of adaptive management. PRR could benefit from improved understanding of physical and watershed characteristics, expansion of goals at multiple scales, additional collaboration with other organizations, and knowledge transfer. Threats include weed invasions and increased recreational and land-use impacts. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM caruso.brian@epa.gov NR 89 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 905 EP 922 DI 10.1002/rra.944 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 105ED UT WOS:000242011300005 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Dextrose-templated microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of spongy metal oxides SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL METHOD; HOMOGENEOUS-PRECIPITATION; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE-AREA; TIO2 FILMS; RUTILE; PARTICLES AB We report microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of porous nanocrystalline titania and carbon coated titania using dextrose as a template and compare the product with that obtained using a conventional heating furnace. Out of three compositions, namely, 1: 1, 1: 3, and 1: 5 ( metal: dextrose), 1: 3 favors formation of consistent porous structures. The samples were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray mapping. This general and eco-friendly method uses a benign natural polymer, dextrose, to create spongy porous structures and can be extended to other transition metal oxides such as ZrO2, Al2O3 and SiO2. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1265 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/15/5/015 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 098KX UT WOS:000241520500015 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, J Anastas, P AF Zimmerman, Julie Anastas, Paul TI The green chemistry classroom SO TCE LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Zimmerman, J (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Zimmerman.Julie@epamail.epa.gov RI Zimmerman, Julie/K-9572-2013; Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0302-0797 J9 TCE-THE CHEM ENG JI TCE PD OCT PY 2006 IS 784 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 102MY UT WOS:000241817500048 ER PT J AU Van den Berg, M Birnbaum, LS Denison, M De Vito, M Farland, W Feeley, M Fiedler, H Hakansson, H Hanberg, A Haws, L Rose, M Safe, S Schrenk, D Tohyama, C Tritscher, A Tuomisto, J Tysklind, M Walker, N Peterson, RE AF Van den Berg, Martin Birnbaum, Linda S. Denison, Michael De Vito, Mike Farland, William Feeley, Mark Fiedler, Heidelore Hakansson, Helen Hanberg, Annika Haws, Laurie Rose, Martin Safe, Stephen Schrenk, Dieter Tohyama, Chiharu Tritscher, Angelika Tuomisto, Jouko Tysklind, Mats Walker, Nigel Peterson, Richard E. TI The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE dioxins; dibenzofurans; PCBs; TEFs; reevaluation; WHO ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; INDIVIDUAL POLYCHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SUBCHRONIC DIETARY EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; TUMOR PROMOTING ACTIVITY; CYP1A2 ENZYME-ACTIVITY AB In June 2005, a World Health Organization (WHO)-International Programme on Chemical Safety expert meeting was held in Geneva during which the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for dioxin-like compounds, including some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were reevaluated. For this reevaluation process, the refined TEF database recently published by Haws et al. (2006, Toxicol. Sci. 89, 4-30) was used as a starting point. Decisions about a TEF value were made based on a combination of unweighted relative effect potency (REP) distributions from this database, expert judgment, and point estimates. Previous TEFs were assigned in increments of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, etc., but for this reevaluation, it was decided to use half order of magnitude increments on a logarithmic scale of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, etc. Changes were decided by the expert panel for 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) (TEF = 0.3), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) (TEF = 0.03), octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and octachlorodibenzofuran (TEFs = 0.0003), 3,4,4',5-tetrachlorbiphenyl (PCB 81) (TEF = 0.0003), 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) (TEF = 0.03), and a single TEF value (0.00003) for all relevant mono-ortho-substituted PCBs. Additivity, an important prerequisite of the TEF concept was again confirmed by results from recent in vivo mixture studies. Some experimental evidence shows that non-dioxin-like aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists/antagonists are able to impact the overall toxic potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds, and this needs to be investigated further. Certain individual and groups of compounds were identified for possible future inclusion in the TEF concept, including 3,4,4'-TCB (PCB 37), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, mixed polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polyhalogenated naphthalenes, and polybrominated biphenyls. Concern was expressed about direct application of the TEF/total toxic equivalency (TEQ) approach to abiotic matrices, such as soil, sediment, etc., for direct application in human risk assessment. This is problematic as the present TEF scheme and TEQ methodology are primarily intended for estimating exposure and risks via oral ingestion (e.g., by dietary intake). A number of future approaches to determine alternative or additional TEFs were also identified. These included the use of a probabilistic methodology to determine TEFs that better describe the associated levels of uncertainty and "systemic" TEFs for blood and adipose tissue and TEQ for body burden. C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Collaborating Ctr Res Environm Hlth Risk Assessme, WHO, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Hlth Canada, Bur Chem Safety, Chem Hlth Hazard Assessment Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. UN, Environm Program Chem, Int Environm House, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Unit Environm Hlth Risk Assessment, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. ChemRisk, Austin, TX USA. Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Food Chem & Environm Toxicol, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Ctr Dis Biol & Integrat Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Dept Environm Hlth, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Umea Univ, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Van den Berg, M (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Collaborating Ctr Res Environm Hlth Risk Assessme, WHO, POB 80177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. EM m.vandenberg@iras.uu.nl RI Tuomisto, Jouko/J-7450-2012; Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012; Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015; OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855; Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245; Hanberg, Annika/0000-0001-7255-9856; Rose, Martin/0000-0001-7071-180X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 129 TC 1556 Z9 1609 U1 45 U2 389 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 223 EP 241 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl055 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 084NM UT WOS:000240540000001 PM 16829543 ER PT J AU Smith, KR Veranth, JM Kodavanti, UP Aust, AE Pinkerton, KE AF Smith, Kevin R. Veranth, John M. Kodavanti, Urmila P. Aust, Ann E. Pinkerton, Kent E. TI Acute pulmonary and systemic effects of inhaled coal fly ash in rats: Comparison to ambient environmental particles SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coal fly ash; BALF; IL-1 beta; TNF-alpha; MIP-2; PM2.5; inhalation; pulmonary toxicology; concentrated ambient particles; iron; inflammation ID PARTICULATE MATTER; INHALATION; SIZE; COMBUSTION; EXPOSURE; DUST; LUNG; IRON; BIOAVAILABILITY; MOBILIZATION AB Although primary particle emissions of ash from coal-fired power plants are well controlled, coal fly ash (CFA) can still remain a significant fraction of the overall particle exposure for some plant workers and highly impacted communities. The effect of CFA on pulmonary and systemic inflammation and injury was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to filtered air or CFA for 4 h/day for 3 days. The average concentration of CFA particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) was 1400 mu g/m(3), of which 600 mu g/m(3) was PM1. Animals were examined 18 and 36 h postexposure. Chemical analysis of CFA detected silicon, calcium, aluminum, and iron as major components. Total number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following exposure to CFA was significantly increased along with significantly elevated blood neutrophils. Exposure to CFA caused slight increases in macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and marked increases in transferrin in BALF. Interleukin-1 beta and total antioxidant potential in lung tissues were also increased in rats exposed to CFA. Histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated focal alveolar septal thickening and increased cellularity in select alveoli immediately beyond terminal bronchioles. These responses are consistent with the ability of CFA to induce mild neutrophilic inflammation in the lung and blood following short-term exposure at levels that could be occupationally relevant. However, when comparing the effects of CFA with those of concentrated ambient particles, CFA does not appear to have greater potency to cause pulmonary alterations. This study furthers our understanding of possible mechanisms by which specific sources of particulate air pollution affect human health. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pinkerton, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kepinkerton@ucdavis.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05707]; PHS HHS [K25011281] NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl062 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 084NM UT WOS:000240540000016 PM 16840564 ER PT J AU Wichers, LB Rowan, WH Nolan, JP Ledbetter, AD McGee, JK Costa, DL Watkinson, WP AF Wichers, Lindsay B. Rowan, William H., III Nolan, Julianne P. Ledbetter, Allen D. McGee, John K. Costa, Daniel L. Watkinson, William P. TI Particle deposition in spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed via whole-body inhalation: Measured and estimated dose SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE rat; particle; deposition ID COMBUSTION-DERIVED PARTICLES; SMALL LABORATORY MAMMALS; AIR-POLLUTION; GUINEA-PIGS; LUNG; RETENTION; CLEARANCE; DOSIMETRY; RESPONSES; MODEL AB A plethora of epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to elevated levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) can lead to adverse health outcomes, including cardiopulmonary-related mortality. Subsequent animal toxicological studies have attempted to mimic these cardiovascular and respiratory responses, in order to better understand underlying mechanisms. However, it is difficult to quantitate the amount of PM deposited in rodent lungs following inhalation exposure, thus making fundamental dose-to-effect assessment and linkages to human responses problematic. To address this need, spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to an oil combustion-derived PM (HP12) via inhalation while being maintained in whole-body plethysmograph chambers. Rats were exposed 6 h/day to 13 mg/m(3) of HP12 for 1 or 4 days. Immediately following the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and their tracheas and lung lobes harvested and separated for neutron activation analysis. Total lower respiratory tract deposition ranged from 20-60 mu g to 89-139 mu g for 1- and 4-day exposures, respectively. Deposition data were compared to default and rat-specific estimates provided by the Multiple Path Particle Deposition (MPPD) model, yielding model predictions that were < 33% of the measured dose. This study suggests that HP12 exposure decreased particle clearance, as the mass of HP12 in the lungs following a 4-day protocol was nearly four times that observed after a 1-day exposure. This work should improve the ability of risk assessors to extrapolate rat-to-human exposure concentrations on the basis of lung burdens and, thus, better relate inhaled doses and resultant toxicological effects. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wichers, LB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM wichers.lindsay@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002] NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 400 EP 410 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl059 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 084NM UT WOS:000240540000017 PM 16840562 ER PT J AU Mirfazaelian, A Kim, KB Anand, SS Kim, HJ Tornero-Velez, R Bruckner, JV Fisher, JW AF Mirfazaelian, Ahmad Kim, Kyu-Bong Anand, Sathanandam S. Kim, Hyo J. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Bruckner, James V. Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for deltamethrin in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE deltamethrin; PBPK modeling; male Sprague-Dawley rat; pyrethroids; toxicokinetics ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE; RISK ASSESSMENT; MOTOR FUNCTION; METABOLISM; TISSUE; LIVER; FAT; AGE; TOXICOKINETICS AB Deltamethrin (DLT) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide widely used in agriculture and public health. DLT is a potent neurotoxin that is primarily cleared from the body by metabolism. To better understand the dosimetry of DLT in the central nervous system, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for DLT was constructed for the adult, male Sprague-Dawley rat that employed both flow-limited (brain, gastrointestinal [GI] tract, liver, and rapidly perfused tissues) and diffusion-limited (fat, blood/plasma, and slowly perfused tissues) rate equations. The blood was divided into plasma and erythrocytes. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism was accounted for in the liver and carboxylesterase (CaE)-mediated metabolism in plasma and liver. Serial blood, brain, and fat samples were taken for DLT analysis for up to 48 h after adult rats received 2 or 10 mg DLT/kg po. Hepatic biotransformation accounted for similar to 78% of these administered doses. Plasma CaEs accounted for biotransformation of similar to 8% of each dosage. Refined PBPK model forecasts compared favorably to the 2- and 10-mg/kg po blood, plasma, brain, and fat DLT profiles, as well as profiles subsequently obtained from adult rats given 1 mg/kg iv. DLT kinetic profiles extracted from published reports of oral and iv experiments were also used for verification of the model's simulations. There was generally good agreement in most instances between predicted and the limited amount of empirical data. It became clear from our modeling efforts that there is considerably more to be learned about processes that govern GI absorption and exsorption, transport, binding, brain uptake and egress, fat deposition, and systemic elimination of DLT and other pyrethroids. The current model can serve as a foundation for construction of models for other pyrethroids and can be improved as more definitive information on DLT kinetic processes becomes available. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Korea Food & Drug Adm, Natl Inst Toxicol Res, Dept Pharmacol, Seoul 122704, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fisher, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwfisher@uga.edu NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl056 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 084NM UT WOS:000240540000020 PM 16831841 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS Misra, S Gedamu, L Shiroyama, T Maggard, S Di Giovanni, G AF Watrud, Lidia S. Misra, Santosh Gedamu, Leshitew Shiroyama, Tamotsu Maggard, Sharon Di Giovanni, George TI Ecological risk assessment of alfalfa (Medicago varia L.) genetically engineered to express a human metallothionein (hMT) gene SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE copper; metallothionein; transgenic; phytoremediation; rhizosphere ID C SOURCE UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; CONTAMINATED SOIL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; RHIZOSPHERE AB The objectives of these studies were two-fold: (1) to determine efficacy of low and high expression hMT gene constructs by assessing accumulation of Cu in shoots of parental and transgenic plants of alfalfa (Medicago varia L.) exposed to different concentrations of CuSO4 by addition of CuSO4 solutions to soil and (2) to identify potential unintended effects of the genetic engineering on root and shoot biomass, shoot nutrient content, arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and on the metabolic functions of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. In the absence of exogenous CuSO4 additions to soil shoot biomass and the macronutrient (C, P, K, Ca, Mg and N) content of plants expressing hMT were not significantly different from the parental control. In the 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM CuSO4 treatments transgenic plants expressing the commonly used transgenic beta-glucuronidase (GUS) marker had significantly higher Fe content than the parental genotype. Significant differences were observed in the carbon substrate utilization patterns of rhizosphere microbial communities among the transgenic plants; no significant differences were observed in the percent mycorrhizal infection of parental and transgenic plants. Shoot biomass increased significantly in all genotypes treated with 0.5 mM CuSO4 and decreased in all genotypes at CuSO4 concentrations of 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM. Root dry weights decreased significantly in all genotypes at concentrations of 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM CuSO4. The largest decreases in root dry weight were observed in hMT genotypes grown in soil treated with 1.5 and 2.0 mM CuSO4. In plants treated with 1.5 mM CuSO4, shoots of transgenic plants expressing the hMT gene accumulated nominally, but not statistically significantly higher levels of Cu in shoot tissue. Our results were surprising with regard to lack of sufficient efficacy of the current hMT constructs for significant accumulation of Cu from soil treated with CuSO4. However, our results suggest the utility of applying adverse levels of CuSO4 or other environmental stressors to identify potential unintended effects of genetic engineering that may not be apparent under typically more optimal plant growth test conditions. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, El Paso Agr Res & Extens Ctr, El Paso, TX 79927 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epa.gov NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9171-5 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 081LB UT WOS:000240318000020 ER PT J AU Jiao, D King, C Grossfield, A Darden, TA Ren, PY AF Jiao, Dian King, Christopher Grossfield, Alan Darden, Thomas A. Ren, Pengyu TI Simulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ solvation using polarizable atomic multipole potential SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELDS; CALCIUM-ION; WATER; NA+; REPRESENTATION C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ren, PY (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pren@mail.utexas.edu RI Jiao, Dian/E-5814-2011; Jiao, Dian/F-4337-2011; OI Grossfield, Alan/0000-0002-5877-2789 FU Intramural NIH HHS [, NIH0011757912]; PHS HHS [NIH0011757912] NR 40 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 37 BP 18553 EP 18559 DI 10.1021/jp062230r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 083YR UT WOS:000240496500072 PM 16970483 ER PT J AU Boobis, AR Cohen, SM Dellarco, V McGregor, D Vickers, C Willcocks, D Farland, W AF Boobis, Alan R. Cohen, Samuel M. Dellarco, Vicki McGregor, Douglas Vickers, Carolyn Willcocks, Deborah Farland, William TI IPCS framework for analysing the relevance of a cancer mode of action for humans SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Toxic Evaluat Consultants, Aberdour, Wales. WHO, IPCS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NICNAS, Sydney, NSW, Australia. US EPA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 164 SI SI BP S254 EP S255 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.189 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 082SJ UT WOS:000240407200522 ER PT J AU Rogers, JM Daston, GP Uriu-Adams, J Hanna, LA Keen, CL AF Rogers, John M. Daston, George P. Uriu-Adams, Janet Hanna, Lynn A. Keen, Carl L. TI Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: Zinc case example SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Div Reprod Toxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 164 SI SI BP S37 EP S37 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.079 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 082SJ UT WOS:000240407200072 ER PT J AU Putney, JW Thomas, AP AF Putney, James W., Jr. Thomas, Andrew P. TI Calcium signaling: Double duty for calcium at the mitochondrial uniporter SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CA2+ UPTAKE; TRANSPORT; STORE; CA-2 AB Uptake of Ca2+ by mitochondria serves as a regulator of a number of important cellular functions, including energy metabolism, cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals, and apoptosis. Recent findings reveal that the process of Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial uniporter is itself regulated by Call in a temporally complex manner. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Putney, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM putney@niehs.nih.gov; thomasap@umdnj.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090087-09, 001-0123-548, Z99 ES999999] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 18 BP R812 EP R815 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.040 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 087CK UT WOS:000240719800020 PM 16979553 ER PT J AU Kusel, K Trinkwalter, T Drake, HL Devereux, R AF Kuesel, Kirsten Trinkwalter, Tanja Drake, Harold L. Devereux, Richard TI Comparative evaluation of anaerobic bacterial communities associated with roots of submerged macrophytes growing in marine or brackish water sediments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clostridia; iron-reducing bacteria; microbial communities; sediments; sulfate-reducing bacteria ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; SEAGRASS ZOSTERA-CAPRICORNI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SP-NOV; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; HOMOACETOGENIC BACTERIA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ACETOGENIC BACTERIA AB Sediment microbial communities are important for seagrass growth and carbon cycling, however relatively few studies have addressed the composition of prokaryotic communities in seagrass bed sediments. Selective media were used enumerate culturable anaerobic bacteria associated with the roots of the seagrass, Halodule wrightii, the fresh to brackish water plant, Vallisneria americana, and the respective vegetated and unvegetated sediments. H. wrightii roots and sediments had high numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria whereas iron-reducing bacteria appeared to have a more significant role in V americana roots and sediments. Numbers of glucose-utilizing but not acetate-utilizing iron reducers were higher on the roots of both plants relative to the vegetated sediments indicating a difference within the iron reducing bacterial community. H. wrightii roots had lower glucose-utilizing iron reducers, and higher acetogenic bacteria than did V americana roots suggesting different aquatic plants support different anaerobic microbial communities. Sulfur-disproportionating and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria were also cultured from the roots and sediments. These results provide evidence of the potential importance of sulfur cycle bacteria, in addition to sulfate-reducing bacteria, in seagrass bed sediments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Jena, Limnol Res Grp, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Bayreuth, Dept Ecol Microbiol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Devereux, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM devereux.richard@epa.gov NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 337 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.06.004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 081YO UT WOS:000240353700006 ER PT J AU Vijayalaxmi Kligerman, AD Prihoda, TJ Ullrich, SE AF Vijayalaxmi Kligerman, Andrew D. Prihoda, Thomas J. Ullrich, Stephen E. TI Micronucleus studies in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of mice treated with jet fuels, JP-8 and Jet-A SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mice; jet fuel; JP-8; Jet-A; micronuclei; genotoxicity ID GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; DERMAL APPLICATION; DNA-DAMAGE; GUIDELINES; TOXICITY AB The potential adverse effects of dermal and inhalation exposure of jet fuels are important for health hazard evaluation in humans. The genotoxic potential of jet fuels, JP-8 and Jet-A, was investigated in an animal model. Mice were treated dermally with either a single or multiple applications of these jet fuels. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were prepared to examine the incidence of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). In all experiments, using several different exposure regimens, no statistically significant increase in the incidence of MN was observed in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood of mice treated with JP-8 or Jet-A when compared with those of untreated control animals. The data in mice treated with a single dose of JP-8 or Jet-A did not confirm the small but statistically significant increase in micronuclei reported in our previous study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Kligennan.andrew@epa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 608 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.05.005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 084TT UT WOS:000240558000009 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA AF Schwartz, David A. TI Future of toxicology - A shift in the paradigm: Focus on human disease SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE; ACID C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM david.schwartz@niehs.nih.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP 18 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1121 EP 1124 DI 10.1021/tx060149- PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 084OS UT WOS:000240543400003 PM 16978015 ER PT J AU Schildcrout, JS Sheppard, L Lumley, T Slaughter, JC Koenig, JQ Shapiro, GG AF Schildcrout, Jonathan S. Sheppard, Lianne Lumley, Thomas Slaughter, James C. Koenig, Jane Q. Shapiro, Gail G. TI Ambient air pollution and asthma exacerbations in children: An eight-city analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; pediatrics; sulfur dioxide ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; INHALED ALLERGEN; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; OZONE EXPOSURE; MEDICATION USE; MEXICO-CITY AB The authors investigated the relation between ambient concentrations of five of the Environmental Protection Agency's criteria pollutants and asthma exacerbations (daily symptoms and use of rescue inhalers) among 990 children in eight North American cities during the 22-month prerandomization phase (November 1993-September 1995) of the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Short-term effects of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide, and warm-season ozone were examined in both one-pollutant and two-pollutant models, using lags of up to 2 days. Lags in carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide were positively associated with both measures of asthma exacerbation, and the 3-day moving sum of sulfur dioxide levels was marginally related to asthma symptoms. PM10 and ozone were unrelated to exacerbations. The strongest effects tended to be seen with 2-day lags, where a 1-parts-per-million change in carbon monoxide and a 20-parts-per-billion change in nitrogen dioxide were associated with symptom odds ratios of 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.15) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.15), respectively, and with rate ratios for rescue inhaler use of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.10) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), respectively. The authors believe that the observed carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide associations can probably be attributed to mobile-source emissions, though more research is required. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Environm Protect Agcy, NW Res Ctr Particulate Air Pollut & Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Schildcrout, JS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, S-2323 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM jonathan.schildcrout@vanderbilt.edu OI Slaughter, James/0000-0002-8770-980X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HR-16044, N01-HR-16045, N01-HR-16046, N01-HR-16047, N01-HR-16048, N01-HR-16049, N01-HR-16050, N01-HR-16051, N01-HR-16052] NR 41 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 6 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj225 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 085FG UT WOS:000240588300001 PM 16798793 ER PT J AU Williams, EJ Fehsenfeld, FC Jobson, BT Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Stutz, J McCleanny, WA AF Williams, E. J. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Jobson, B. T. Kuster, W. C. Goldan, P. D. Stutz, J. McCleanny, W. A. TI Comparison of ultraviolet absorbance, chemiluminescence, and DOAS instruments for ambient ozone monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERENCE; ABSORPTION AB This paper evaluates the accuracy of ozone measurements made by monitors that determine ozone concentrations in ambient air by UV absorption. These monitors are typically used to measure ozone for the purpose of establishing local compliance to air-quality standards. The study was predicated by the concern that commercially available UV absorbance O-3 monitors may be subject to interference from volatile organic carbon (VOC) species that absorb light at 254 nm. To test for these and other effects, we compared simultaneous O-3 measurements made by a commercial UV O-3 monitor with an O-3-NO chemiluminescence instrument, which is not subject to interference by VOC compounds. The comparisons were carried out in the summers of 1999 and 2000 at urban/industrial sites in Nashville and Houston, and in 2004 aboard a ship in the Gulf of Maine. In the two urban areas, we also compared the O-3 measurements from these two methods with O-3 measurements made by a long-path differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). Our tests indicate that, with well-maintained monitors, there are no significant interferences even in areas with significant ambient concentrations of potentially interfering VOCs. C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Williams, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.j.williams@noaa.gov RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 18 BP 5755 EP 5762 DI 10.1021/es0523542 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083NP UT WOS:000240463500028 PM 17007137 ER PT J AU Tan, YM Liao, KH Conolly, RB Blount, BC Mason, AM Clewell, HJ AF Tan, Yu-Mei Liao, Kai H. Conolly, Rory B. Blount, Benjamin C. Mason, Ann M. Clewell, Harvey J. TI Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to identify exposures consistent with human biomonitoring data for chloroform SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESIDENTIAL WASHING MACHINES; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; INDOOR AIR; SHOWERING DETERMINATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BODY BURDEN; TAP WATER AB Biomonitoring data provide evidence of human exposure to environmental chemicals by quantifying the chemical or its metabolite in a biological matrix. To better understand the correlation between biomonitoring data and environmental exposure, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can be of use. The objective of this study was to use a combined PBPK model with an exposure model for showering to estimate the intake concentrations of chloroform based on measured blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. First, the predictive ability of the combined model was evaluated with three published studies describing exhaled breath and blood concentrations in people exposed to chloroform under controlled showering events. Following that, a plausible exposure regimen was defined combining inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures associated with residential use of water containing typical concentrations of chloroform to simulate blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. Simulation results showed that inhalation and dermal exposure could contribute substantially to total chloroform exposure. Next, sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis were performed to investigate the sources of variability in model output. The variability in exposure conditions (e. g., shower duration) was shown to contribute more than the variability in pharmacokinetics (e. g., body weight) to the predicted variability in blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. Lastly, the model was used in a reverse dosimetry approach to estimate distributions of exposure consistent with concentrations of chloroform measured in human blood and exhaled breath. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Chlorine Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tan, YM (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ctan@ciit.org NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 18 BP 1727 EP 1756 DI 10.1080/15287390600631367 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 073PZ UT WOS:000239756400006 PM 16864423 ER PT J AU Tully, DB Bao, WJ Goetz, AK Blystone, CR Ren, HZ Schmid, JE Strader, LF Wood, CR Best, DS Narotsk, MG Wolf, DC Rockett, JC Dix, DJ AF Tully, Douglas B. Bao, Wenjun Goetz, Amber K. Blystone, Chad R. Ren, Hongzu Schmid, Judith E. Strader, Lillian F. Wood, Carmen R. Best, Deborah S. Narotsk, Michael G. Wolf, Douglas C. Rockett, John C. Dix, David J. TI Gene expression profiling in liver and testis of rats to characterize the toxicity of triazole fungicides SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluconazole; myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; cytochrome p450; toxicogenomics ID NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CYP19 AROMATASE; INHIBITION; PESTICIDES; INDUCTION; MOUSE; PXR; KETOCONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; PREGNANCY AB Four triazole fungicides were studied using toxicogenomic techniques to identify potential mechanisms of action. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed for 14 days by gavage with fluconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon. Following exposure, serum was collected for hormone measurements, and liver and testes were collected for histology, enzyme biochemistry, or gene expression profiling. Body and testis weights were unaffected, but liver weights were significantly increased by all four triazoles, and hepatocytes exhibited centrilobular hypertrophy. Myclobutanil exposure increased serum testosterone and decreased sperm motility, but no treatment-related testis histopathology was observed. We hypothesized that gene expression profiles would identify potential mechanisms of toxicity and used DNA microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to generate profiles. Triazole fungicides are designed to inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 51 enzyme but can also modulate the expression and function of mammalian CYP genes and enzymes. Triazoles affected the expression of numerous CYP genes in rat liver and testis, including multiple Cyp2c and Cyp3a isoforms as well as other xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) and transporter genes. For some genes, such as Ces2 and Udpgtr2, all four triazoles had similar effects on expression, suggesting possible common mechanisms of action. Many of these CYP, XME and transporter genes are regulated by xeno-sensing nuclear receptors, and hierarchical clustering of CAR/PXR-regulated genes demonstrated the similarities of toxicogenomic responses in liver between all four triazoles and in testis between myclobutanil and triadimefon. Triazoles also affected expression of multiple genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism in the two tissues. Thus, gene expression profiles helped identify possible toxicological mechanisms of the triazole fungicides. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 3 BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.015 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 084KW UT WOS:000240532800003 PM 16643972 ER PT J AU Goetz, AK Bao, WJ Ren, HZ Schmid, JE Tully, DB Wood, C Rockett, JC Narotsky, MG Sun, GB Lambert, GR Thai, SF Wolf, DC Nesnow, S Dix, DJ AF Goetz, Amber K. Bao, Wenjun Ren, Hongzu Schmid, Judith E. Tully, Douglas B. Wood, Carmen Rockett, John C. Narotsky, Michael G. Sun, Guobin Lambert, Guy R. Thai, Sheau-Fung Wolf, Douglas C. Nesnow, Stephen Dix, David J. TI Gene expression profiling in the liver of CD-1 mice to characterize the hepatotoxicity of triazole fungicides SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluconazole; myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; toxicogenomics ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; DRUG-METABOLISM; RAT; INDUCTION; MOUSE; CAR; MODE; PXR AB Four triazole fungicides used in agricultural or pharmaceutical applications were examined for hepatotoxic effects in mouse liver. Besides organ weight, histopathology, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme induction, DNA microarrays were used to generate gene expression profiles and hypotheses on potential mechanisms of action for this class of chemicals. Adult male CD-1 mice were exposed daily for 14 days to fluconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon at three dose levels by oral gavage. Doses were based on previous studies that resulted in liver hypertrophy or hepatotoxicity. All four triazoles caused hepatocyte hypertrophy, and all except triadimefon increased relative liver/body weight ratios at the middle and high dose levels. CYP enzyme activities were also induced by all four triazoles at the middle and high doses as measured by the dealkylations of four alkoxyresorufins, although some differences in substrate specificity were observed. Consistent with this common histopathology and biochemistry, several CYP and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) genes were differentially expressed in response to all four (Cyp2d26 and Cyp3a11), or three of the four (Cyp2c40, Cyp2c55, Ces2, Slco1a4) triazoles. Differential expression of numerous other CYP and XME genes discriminated between the various triazoles, consistent with differences in CYP enzyme activities, and indicative of possible differences in mechanisms of hepatotoxicity or dose response. Multiple isoforms of Cyp1a, 2b, 2c, 3a, and other CYP and XME genes regulated by the nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were differentially expressed following triazole exposure. Based on these results, we expanded on our original hypothesis that triazole hepatotoxicity was mediated by CYP induction, to include additional XME genes, many of which are modulated by CAR and PXR. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.016 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 084KW UT WOS:000240532800004 PM 16730040 ER PT J AU Waalkes, MP Liu, J Ward, JM Diwan, BA AF Waalkes, Michael P. Liu, Jie Ward, Jerrold M. Diwan, Bhalchandra A. TI Enhanced urinary bladder and liver carcinogenesis in male CD1 mice exposed to transplacental inorganic arsenic and postnatal diethylstilbestrol or tamoxifen SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; carcinogenesis; diethylstilbestrol; tamoxifen; liver; urinary bladder ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS; TRANSGENIC MICE; CD-1 MICE; F344 RATS; IN-UTERO; TUMORS; INDUCTION; CANCER AB Pregnant CD1 mice received 85 ppm arsenite in the drinking water from gestation day 8 to 18, groups (n = 35) of male offspring were subsequently injected on postpartum days 1 through 5 with diethylstilbestrol (DES; 2 mu g/pup/day) or tamoxifen (TAM; 10 mu g/pup/day), and tumor formation was assessed over 90 weeks. Arsenic alone increased hepatocellular carcinoma (14%), adenoma (23%) and total tumors (31%) compared to control (0, 2 and 2%, respectively). Arsenic alone also increased lung adenocarcinoma, adrenal cortical adenoma and renal cystic tubular hyperplasia compared to control. Compared to arsenic alone, arsenic plus DES increased liver tumor incidence in mice at risk 2.2-fold and increased liver tumor multiplicity (tumors/liver) 1.8-fold. The treatments alone did not impact urinary bladder carcinogenesis, but arsenic plus TAM significantly increased formation of urinary bladder transitional cell tumors (papilloma and carcinoma; 13%) compared to control (0%). Urinary bladder proliferative lesions (combined tumors and hyperplasia) were also increased by arsenic plus TAM (40%) or arsenic plus DES (43%) compared to control (0%) or the treatments alone. Urinary bladder proliferative lesions occurred in the absence of any evidence of uroepithelial cytotoxic lesions. Urinary bladder lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by arsenic plus TAM and/or DES overexpressed estrogen receptor-a, indicating that aberrant estrogen signaling may have been a factor in the enhanced carcinogenic response. Thus, in male CD1 mice, gestational arsenic exposure alone induced liver adenoma and carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, adrenal adenoma and renal cystic hyperplasia. Furthermore, DES enhanced transplacental arsenic-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In utero arsenic also initiated urinary bladder tumor formation when followed by postnatal TAM and uroepithelial proliferative lesions when followed by TAM or DES. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Basic Res Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NCI, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, POB 12233,Mail Drop F0-09,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 47 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 3 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.03.010 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 084KW UT WOS:000240532800006 PM 16712894 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Fournie, JW Wolf, JC Wolfe, MJ AF Blazer, Vicki S. Fournie, John W. Wolf, Jeffrey C. Wolfe, Marilyn J. TI Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE brown bullhead; liver; neoplasia; proliferative lesions; diagnostic criteria ID LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; GREAT-LAKES; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; WINTER FLOUNDER; NORTH-AMERICA; BOSTON HARBOR AB Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds those at unimpacted or control sites or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver lesions in bullbead or white sucker Catostomus commersonii. Numerous surveys have been conducted over the years assessing neoplasia in these fishes, both liver and skin tumors. However, a major problem in comparing the results has been a lack of consistent criteria for evaluating histological changes in bullhead livers. As individual AOC develop and implement remedial action plans, realistic and attainable delisting targets need to be specified. For this to occur and be consistent from site to site there must be standardization of the criteria being used to evaluate specific impairments. In this report, specific diagnostic criteria are provided for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative hepatocellular and biliary lesions. These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing proliferative liver lesions from brown bullhead. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-CB-27034] NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 14 PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.3354/dao072019 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 103US UT WOS:000241912800003 PM 17067070 ER PT J AU Cheong, CG Hall, TMT AF Cheong, Cheorn-Gil Hall, Traci M. Tanaka TI Engineering RNA sequence specificity of Pumilio repeats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE protein design; Puf proteins; protein-RNA interaction; adenosine-uracil-rich elements ID GERMLINE STEM-CELLS; HUNCHBACK MESSENGER-RNA; 3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN; BINDING PROTEINS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; DEPENDENT CONTROL; HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; ZINC FINGERS AB Puf proteins bind RNA sequence specifically and regulate translation and stability of target mRNAs. A "code" for RNA recognition has been deduced from crystal structures of the Puf protein, human Pumilio1, where each of eight repeats binds an RNA base via a combination of three side chains at conserved positions. Here, we report the creation of seven soluble mutant proteins with predictably altered sequence specificity, including one that binds tightly to adenosine-uracil-rich element RNA. These data show that Pumilio1 can be used as a scaffold to engineer RNA-binding proteins with designed sequence specificity. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hall, TMT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hall4@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 41 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 12 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 37 BP 13635 EP 13639 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606294103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 086BO UT WOS:000240648300017 PM 16954190 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Progress in process intensification: Synthesis of imidazole derivatives using a spinning tube-in-tube reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 36-AEI BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600096 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N. TI PMSE 480-Electroactive sulfur-containing polymers for lithium/lithium-ion battery applications using conducting polymer electrocatalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 625-PMSE BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781700130 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Carreira, LA Whiteside, TS Saravanaraj, AN AF Hilal, S. H. Carreira, L. A. Whiteside, Tad S. Saravanaraj, A. N. TI Calculating physicochemical properties for environmental modeling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hilal, S. H.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Carreira, L. A.; Whiteside, Tad S.; Saravanaraj, A. N.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 319-COMP BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604272 ER PT J AU Carreira, LA Whiteside, TS Ayyampalayam, SN Hilal, SH AF Carreira, L. A. Whiteside, Tad S. Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N. Hilal, Said H. TI Physicochemical property calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carreira, L. A.; Whiteside, Tad S.; Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hilal, Said H.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 142-COMP BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604418 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Adams, PJ Gilliland, AB AF Pinder, Robert W. Adams, Peter J. Gilliland, Alice B. TI Agricultural ammonia emissions, uncertainty, and applications to air quality modeling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pinder, Robert W.; Gilliland, Alice B.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Adams, Peter J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Adams, Peter J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 186-AGRO BP 423 EP 423 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600366 ER PT J AU Denton, DL Wrysinski, J Moore, MT Cooper, CM Robins, P AF Denton, Debra L. Wrysinski, Jeanette Moore, Matthew T. Cooper, Charles M. Robins, Paul TI Benefits of vegetated agricultural drainage ditches as a best management practice (BMP) in Yolo County, California SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.; Cooper, Charles M.] ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 89-AGRO BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600423 ER PT J AU Williams, WM Trask, JR Wrysinski, J Denton, DL AF Williams, W. Martin Trask, Jennifer R. Wrysinski, Jeanette Denton, Debra L. TI Development of a simulation model to evaluate, design, and implement vegetated agricultural drainage ditches as a best management practice (BMP) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, W. Martin; Trask, Jennifer R.] Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. [Wrysinski, Jeanette] Yolo Cty Resource Conservat Dist, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 90-AGRO BP 483 EP 483 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600426 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, S Cheplick, JM Denton, DL Troyan, J Williams, WM AF Dasgupta, Surajit Cheplick, J. Mark Denton, Debra L. Troyan, Jerry Williams, W. Martin TI Pesticide loading analysis for the Sacramento River watershed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dasgupta, Surajit; Cheplick, J. Mark; Williams, W. Martin] Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Troyan, Jerry] Sacramento Reg Cty Sanitat Dist, Mather, CA 95655 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 91-AGRO BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600427 ER PT J AU Parker, RD Shamim, MT AF Parker, Ronald D. Shamim, M. T. TI Ecological risk characterization for the pyrethroid insecticides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parker, Ronald D.; Shamim, M. T.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 48-AGRO BP 494 EP 494 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600437 ER PT J AU Eckel, WP Tunkel, J Meylan, WM Aronson, D AF Eckel, William P. Tunkel, Jay Meylan, William M. Aronson, Dallas TI Estimation of organic carbon partitioning coefficients (K(oc)) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) using EPI Suite (TM) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eckel, William P.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tunkel, Jay; Meylan, William M.; Aronson, Dallas] Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 145-ENVR BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604449 ER PT J AU Choi, H Antoniou, M de la Cruz, AA Shoemaker, JA Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Antoniou, Maria de la Cruz, Armah A. Shoemaker, Jody A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Surfactant templated sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO(2) photocatalysts and their application in the destruction of cyanobacterial toxins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Antoniou, Maria; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.; Shoemaker, Jody A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 6-ENVR BP 554 EP 554 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604485 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Chuang, JC Durnford, J Thomas, KW AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Chuang, Jane C. Durnford, Joyce Thomas, Kent W. TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for monitoring 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.; Durnford, Joyce] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Thomas, Kent W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 150-AGRO BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600518 ER PT J AU Cleverly, DH AF Cleverly, David H. TI Inventory of sources and environmental releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in the United States for the years 1987, 1995 and 2000 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cleverly, David H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 127-ENVR BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604507 ER PT J AU Rastogi, A Al-Abed, S Dionysiou, DD AF Rastogi, Aditya Al-Abed, Souhail Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Treatment of PAHs and PCBs using sulfate radical-based oxidation processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rastogi, Aditya; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 211-ENVR BP 580 EP 580 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604511 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Chuang, JC Finegold, J Trejo, RM Durnford, J AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Chuang, Jane C. Finegold, Joshua Trejo, Raquel M. Durnford, Joyce TI Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.; Finegold, Joshua; Trejo, Raquel M.; Durnford, Joyce] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 225-AGRO BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600526 ER PT J AU Xiong, GH Van Emon, JM AF Xiong, Guohua Van Emon, Jeanette M. TI Immunoaffinity chromatography coupled with LC-MS for the identification and determination of pyrethroids and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in environmental samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xiong, Guohua; Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 220-AGRO BP 586 EP 586 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600529 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, L AF Birnbaum, Linda TI Health effects of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Birnbaum, Linda] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 256-ENVR BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604525 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Pinto, P AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, Gautham Pinto, Patricio TI Assessing speciation and release of heavy metals from coal combustion products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham; Pinto, Patricio] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 153-ENVR BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604526 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Pd/Mg bimetallic corrosion cells for dechlorinating PCBs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Agarwal, Shirish] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 192-ENVR BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604533 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Pilot scale reactor for electrochemical dechlorination of model chlorinated contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Agarwal, Shirish] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 193-ENVR BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604534 ER PT J AU Jegadeesan, G Sundaram, V Choi, H Dionysiou, D Al-Abed, SR AF Jegadeesan, Gautham Sundaram, Vijayakumar Choi, Hyeok Dionysiou, Dionysios Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Arsenic removal using titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized with sol-gel methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jegadeesan, Gautham; Sundaram, Vijayakumar] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Choi, Hyeok; Dionysiou, Dionysios] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 152-ENVR BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604558 ER PT J AU Lorber, MN Cleverly, DH AF Lorber, Matthew N. Cleverly, David H. TI Assessing exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cleverly, David H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 259-ENVR BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604573 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Catalytic dechlorination of 2-Cl BP in sediments and water-solvent systems by Fe/Pd bimetal SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 74-ENVR BP 645 EP 645 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604576 ER PT J AU Schrock, ME Schaum, J AF Schrock, Mary E. Schaum, John TI Sampling and analysis considerations in conducting a pilot survey of levels of dioxins, furans, PCBs and mercury in rural soils of the U.S SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schrock, Mary E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Schaum, John] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 141-ENVR BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604577 ER PT J AU Ackerman, LK Usenko, S Hageman, KJ Campbell, DH Landers, DH Simonichi, SL AF Ackerman, Luke K. Usenko, Sascha Hageman, Kimberly J. Campbell, Donald H. Landers, Dixon H. Simonichi, Staci L. TI PBTs in high places: Western US national parks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ackerman, Luke K.; Usenko, Sascha; Hageman, Kimberly J.; Simonichi, Staci L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Campbell, Donald H.] Denver Fed Ctr, USGS WRD, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHHERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Simonichi, Staci L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015 OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 138-ENVR BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604592 ER PT J AU Andrews, KD Thorn, JR Misita, MF Nishioka, MG Tulve, NS Fortmann, RC AF Andrews, Kimberlea D. Thorn, Jonathan R. Misita, Mark F. Nishioka, Marcia G. Tulve, Nicolle S. Fortmann, Roy C. TI Rapid method development for BDEs in twelve diverse human exposure assessment media using the concept of core analytical tools SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andrews, Kimberlea D.; Misita, Mark F.; Nishioka, Marcia G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Thorn, Jonathan R.] Battelle Mem Inst, Duxbury, MA 02332 USA. [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Fortmann, Roy C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 230-ENVR BP 681 EP 681 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604612 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Effect of solvents in water on electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2-Cl BP at a palladium modified granular-graphite electrode SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 73-ENVR BP 685 EP 685 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604616 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Choi, H de la Cruz, AA Shoemaker, JA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Choi, Hyeok de la Cruz, Armah A. Shoemaker, Jody A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Application of mesoporous TiO(2) photocatalysts for the degradation of microcystin-LR: The degradation pathway SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Choi, Hyeok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.; Shoemaker, Jody A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 7-ENVR BP 730 EP 730 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604661 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Progress in process intensification: Synthesis of imidazole derivatives using a spinning tube-in-tube reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 81-IEC BP 810 EP 810 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604698 ER PT J AU Subramanian, B Namboodiri, V Dionysiou, D AF Subramanian, Bhargavi Namboodiri, Vasudevan Dionysiou, Dionysios TI Extraction of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soils using environmentally benign lactic acid solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Subramanian, Bhargavi; Dionysiou, Dionysios] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Namboodiri, Vasudevan] US EPA, CPB, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45040 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 69-IEC BP 829 EP 829 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604717 ER PT J AU Rahman, M Kelley, VR Sutter, CH Emmert, GL Strickland, PT Bell, DA Sutter, TR AF Rahman, Mostafizur Kelley, Victor R. Sutter, Carrie Hayes Emmert, Gary L. Strickland, Paul T. Bell, Douglas A. Sutter, Thomas R. TI Functional analysis of polymorphic CYP1B1 allelic variants in African-Americans and their effects on the metabolism of (-)-benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol (B[a]P-7,8-diol) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutter, Thomas R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Dept Biol, W Harry Feinstone Ctr Genom Res, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Strickland, Paul T.] Johns Hopkings Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bell, Douglas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 222-BIOL BP 842 EP 842 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600745 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Synthesis of organic epoxides using a spinning tube-in-tube reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 120-IEC BP 884 EP 884 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604772 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI Greener and controlled synthesis of noble nanostructures in aqueous media using microwave irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 70-IEC BP 962 EP 962 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604850 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Kowalchyk, W Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Kowalchyk, Will Gonzalez, Michael A. TI In situ monitoring of product streams from a spinning tube-in-tube reactor using a Mettler-Toledo React-IR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kowalchyk, Will] Mettler Toledo Autochem Inc, Millersville, MD 21108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 150-IEC BP 985 EP 985 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604873 ER PT J AU Deschambault, L Aycock, MT AF Deschambault, Lynda Aycock, Mary T. TI SOCED 4-Environmental impacts from hurricaine Rita SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Deschambault, Lynda; Aycock, Mary T.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 4-SOCED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609665 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ AF Ghio, Andrew J. TI INOR 457-Biological effects of vanadium in the respiratory tract SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 457-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781606888 ER PT J AU Jeppson, JL Ranville, JF Wildeman, T Machemer, SD AF Jeppson, Jessica L. Ranville, James F. Wildeman, Thomas Machemer, Steven D. TI DSTR 19-Leachability study of sediments deposited in New Orleans by hurricane Katrina SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jeppson, Jessica L.; Ranville, James F.; Wildeman, Thomas] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Machemer, Steven D.] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 19-DSTR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602820 ER PT J AU Leaym, TM Millspaugh, KC St Germain, MEW Frame, K AF Leaym, Tina M. Millspaugh, Kim C. St Germain, Margaret E. Wickham Frame, Kathy TI TECH 26-The role and expectations of professional societies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Leaym, Tina M.] Dow Corning Corp, Resin Technol Grp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Millspaugh, Kim C.] Shell Global Solut, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [St Germain, Margaret E. Wickham] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Frame, Kathy] Inst Biotechnol, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 26-TECH PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609803 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Lee, SS Keener, TC Ju, YH Varma, ES Sikdar, SK AF Lee, Joo-Youp Lee, Sang-Sup Keener, Tim C. Ju, Yuhong Varma, Ender S. Sikdar, Subhas K. TI FUEL 8-Novel oxidant for elemental mercury control from flue gas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Joo-Youp; Lee, Sang-Sup; Keener, Tim C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ju, Yuhong; Varma, Ender S.; Sikdar, Subhas K.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 8-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605258 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, V Bowen, T Vane, L AF Namboodiri, Vasudevan Bowen, Travis Vane, Leland TI POLY 565-Preparation and application of high performance silicone rubber mixed matrix membranes for ethanol-water pervaporation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Namboodiri, Vasudevan; Bowen, Travis; Vane, Leland] US EPA, CPB, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45040 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 565-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701699 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ AF Thomas, David J. TI TOXI 103-Role of metabolism in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 103-TOXI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609746 ER PT J AU Vander Wal, RL Hays, MD AF Vander Wal, Randall L. Hays, Michael D. TI ANYL 341-Carbon nanostructure characterization by XPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vander Wal, Randall L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, NCSER, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 341-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601157 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI INOR 1018-Greener synthesis of aligned palladium nanobelts and nanoplates in aqueous medium using vitamin B1 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 1018-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781606930 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JB AF Zimmerman, Julie Beth TI CHED 464-Introducing green engineering into the curriculum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zimmerman, Julie Beth] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Zimmerman, Julie/K-9572-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 464-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602776 ER PT J AU Novak, JP Kim, SY Xu, J Modlich, O Volsky, DJ Honys, D Slonczewski, JL Bell, DA Blattner, FR Blumwald, E Boerma, M Cosio, M Gatalica, Z Hajduch, M Hidalgo, J McInnes, RR Miller, MC Penkowa, M Rolph, MS Sottosanto, J St-Arnaud, R Szego, MJ Twell, D Wang, C AF Novak, Jaroslav P. Kim, Seon-Young Xu, Jun Modlich, Olga Volsky, David J. Honys, David Slonczewski, Joan L. Bell, Douglas A. Blattner, Fred R. Blumwald, Eduardo Boerma, Marjan Cosio, Manuel Gatalica, Zoran Hajduch, Marian Hidalgo, Juan McInnes, Roderick R. Miller, Merrill C., III Penkowa, Milena Rolph, Michael S. Sottosanto, Jordan St-Arnaud, Rene Szego, Michael J. Twell, David Wang, Charles TI Generalization of DNA microarray dispersion properties: microarray equivalent of t-distribution SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY EXPERIMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; MEASUREMENT ERROR; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; VARIANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; NORMALIZATION AB Background: DNA microarrays are a powerful technology that can provide a wealth of gene expression data for disease studies, drug development, and a wide scope of other investigations. Because of the large volume and inherent variability of DNA microarray data, many new statistical methods have been developed for evaluating the significance of the observed differences in gene expression. However, until now little attention has been given to the characterization of dispersion of DNA microarray data. Results: Here we examine the expression data obtained from 682 Affymetrix GeneChips (R) with 22 different types and we demonstrate that the Gaussian ( normal) frequency distribution is characteristic for the variability of gene expression values. However, typically 5 to 15% of the samples deviate from normality. Furthermore, it is shown that the frequency distributions of the difference of expression in subsets of ordered, consecutive pairs of genes ( consecutive samples) in pair-wise comparisons of replicate experiments are also normal. We describe a consecutive sampling method, which is employed to calculate the characteristic function approximating standard deviation and show that the standard deviation derived from the consecutive samples is equivalent to the standard deviation obtained from individual genes. Finally, we determine the boundaries of probability intervals and demonstrate that the coefficients defining the intervals are independent of sample characteristics, variability of data, laboratory conditions and type of chips. These coefficients are very closely correlated with Student's t-distribution. Conclusion: In this study we ascertained that the non-systematic variations possess Gaussian distribution, determined the probability intervals and demonstrated that the K(alpha) coefficients defining these intervals are invariant; these coefficients offer a convenient universal measure of dispersion of data. The fact that the K(alpha) distributions are so close to t-distribution and independent of conditions and type of arrays suggests that the quantitative data provided by Affymetrix technology give "true" representation of physical processes, involved in measurement of RNA abundance. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. Genome Res Ctr, Human Genom Lab, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Transcript Genom Core, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Onkol Chem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10019 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10019 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Expt Bot, CR-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Dept Plant Physiol, CR-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Med, Resp Div, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Palacky Univ, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Lab Expt Med, Olomouc 77520, Czech Republic. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Fac Sci, Inst Neurosci, Anim Physiol Unit, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Fac Sci, Dept Cellular Biol Physiol & Immunol, Anim Physiol Unit, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Genet Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Program Dev Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. NIEHS, Environm Genom Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Inflammat & Metab, Sect Neuroprotect, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Garvan Inst Med Res, Arthrit & Inflammat Res Program, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. McGill Univ, Shriners Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Surg & Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Genet Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Program Dev Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Leicester, Dept Biol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Novak, JP (reprint author), McGill Univ, 740 Docteur Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. EM jaroslav.novak@mail.mcgill.ca; kimsy@kribb.re.kr; jun.xu@cshs.org; omodlich@onkochemie.uni-duesseldorf.de; djv4@columbia.edu; david.honys@gmail.com; slonczewski@kenyon.edu; bell1@niehs.nih.gov; fred@genome.wisc.edu; eblumwald@ucdavis.edu; mboerma@uams.edu; manuel.cosio@mcgill.ca; zorangatalica@creighton.edu; marian.hajduch@fnol.cz; juan.hidalgo@uab.es; mcinnes@sickkids.ca; miller9418@yahoo.com; m.penkowa@mai.ku.dk; m.rolph@garvan.org.au; jbso@ucdavis.edu; rst-arnaud@shriners.mcgill.ca; michael.szego@utoronto.ca; twe@leicester.ac.uk; charles.wang@cshs.org RI Modlich, Olga/A-3958-2008; Hidalgo, Juan/C-9082-2011; Twell, David/D-8043-2011; Honys, David/I-6707-2013; Hajduch, Marian/J-4015-2014 OI Hidalgo, Juan/0000-0003-0921-1122; Twell, David/0000-0003-0483-1461; FU NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS031492] NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 1 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-1-27 PG 24 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 133TJ UT WOS:000244036100001 PM 16959036 ER PT J AU Kaware, M Bronshtein, A Safi, J Van Emon, JM Chuang, JC Hock, B Kramer, K Altstein, M AF Kaware, Mohammed Bronshtein, Alisa Safi, Jamal Van Emon, Jeanette M. Chuang, Jane C. Hock, Bertold Kramer, Karl Altstein, Miriam TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sol-gel-based immunoaffinity purification (IAP) of the pyrethroid bioallethrin in food and environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; bioallethrin; ELISA; sol-gel; immunoaffinity purification; residue monitoring ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLASS-SPECIFIC IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODY-BASED ELISA; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ATRAZINE ANTIBODIES; PESTICIDE ANALYSIS; HUMAN URINE; INSECTICIDE AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sol-gel-based immunoaffinity purification (IAP) methods for the pyrethroid bioallethrin were developed and applied for monitoring bioallethrin in spiked food, soil, and dust samples. Attempts to determine bioallethrin content in fruit and vegetable extracts revealed high variability between sample preparations and marked interferences with the assay. Sol-gel IAP followed by solid-phase sample concentration was effective in removing the interfering components and resulted in high recovery of bioallethrin from spiked crude acetonic extracts of fruits and vegetables, even in the presence of high extract concentrations (28%). Solid-phase treatment alone failed to remove the interfering components from the spiked sample. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the IAP samples revealed bioallethrin as a doublet unsolved peak because of the cis and trans isomer present in the standard with confirmation of its mass. Unlike fruit and vegetable extracts, soil and dust samples did not interfere with the ELISA, and the bioallethrin content in those samples could be determined with high precision without the need of any further purification. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Environm Protect & Res Inst, Gaza, Israel. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Ctr Life Sci, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Altstein, M (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vinnie2@agri.gov.il NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 6482 EP 6492 DI 10.1021/jf0607415 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 078UL UT WOS:000240129700003 PM 16939301 ER PT J AU Hu, YP Kabler, SL Tennant, AH Townsend, AJ Kligerman, AD AF Hu, Yunping Kabler, Sandra L. Tennant, Alan H. Townsend, Alan J. Kligerman, Andrew D. TI Induction of DNA-protein crosslinks by dichloromethane in a V79 cell line transfected with the murine glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 gene SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE dichloromethane; formaldehyde; glutathione-S-transferase theta; DNA-protein crosslink; DNA damage; cytotoxicity ID SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; COMET ASSAY; IN-VIVO; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; COVALENT BINDING; RISK-ASSESSMENT; OVARY CELLS; B6C3F1 MICE; RAT-LIVER AB Dichloromethane (DCM) is considered a probable human carcinogen. Laboratory studies have shown an increased incidence of lung and liver cancer in mice but not in rats or hamsters. Despite the correlation between metabolism of DCM by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pathway and the occurrence of tumors in different species, the mechanism of tumor induction by DCM metabolites produced through the GST pathway remains unclear. In this study a V79 cell line stably transfected with the murine GST theta 1 gene (mGSTT1) was compared to the parent cell line (MZ) to determine how the construct affects DCM metabolism and the sensitivity of the cell line to DNA damage and cytotoxicity. V79 cells were treated with DCM (2.5-10 mM) or formaldehyde (150-600 mu M) for 2 h. Also, formaldehyde produced by V79 cytosol metabolism of DCM was measured spectrophotometrically. DNA damage and DNA-protein crosslinks were measured by the standard and proteinase K-modified alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assays. Cytotoxicity was assessed by trypan blue stain exclusion, the Live/Dead' cell viability/cytotoxicity kit for animal cells, and the neutral red assay. After DCM treatment a significant concentration-dependent increase in tail moment in the V79 MZ cells was observed compared to a significant concentration-dependent decrease in tail moment in the V79 mGSTT1 cells. Post-incubation with proteinase K significantly increased DNA migrations in DCM-treated V79 mGSTT1 cells. DCM formed significantly higher levels of formaldehyde in the cytosol of the V79 mGSTT1 cells than in the cytosol of the V79 MZ cells. Results using the cytotoxicity assays were comparable using the trypan blue and Live/Deado assays, neither showing a difference in response between the two cell lines when exposed to either formaldehyde or DCM. These results indicate that V79 mGSTT1 can metabolize DCM to a genotoxic and cytotoxic metabolite, which is likely formaldehyde. This is the first time that the magnitude of the GSTT1 effect can be observed in mammalian cells without confounding caused by using cells with different genetic backgrounds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, B-143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 607 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1016/jmrgentov.2006.04.013 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 075AS UT WOS:000239854800009 PM 16765633 ER PT J AU Lewis, CW Volckens, J Braddock, JN Crews, WS Lonneman, WA McNichol, AP AF Lewis, Charles W. Volckens, John Braddock, James N. Crews, William S. Lonneman, William A. McNichol, Ann P. TI Absence of C-14 in PM2.5 emissions from gasohol combustion in small engines SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; RADIOCARBON CONTENT; RESPONSE FACTORS; CARBON; FOSSIL; NASHVILLE AB PM2.5 combustion emissions from small engines (string trimmer and chainsaw) using gasoline containing biogenic ethanol were collected and analyzed for their C-14 content. The sampling methodology was designed to minimize potential bias from organic artifact effects. The C-14 in the PM2.5 emissions was found to be drastically smaller (approximately a factor of 40) than the C-14 amounts measured in the fuels. This suggests that the current method of using C-14 measurements on ambient aerosol to estimate the contribution from fossil fuel combustion will be little affected by increased use of ethanol-containing gasoline. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Bevilacqua Knight Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Senior Environm Employee Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab MD E205 03, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewis.charlesw@epa.gov OI Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1080/02786820600784315 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 054ZS UT WOS:000238418800001 ER PT J AU Li, Q Lazarus, LH Okada, Y Wilson, WA Swartzwelder, SH AF Li, Qiang Lazarus, Lawrence H. Okada, Yoshio Wilson, Wilkie A. Swartzwelder, Scott H. TI N-allyl-[Dmt1]-endomorphin-2, a novel opioid receptor antagonist attenuates alcohol-induced gabaergic neurotransmission in rat hippocampus SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress on Alcohol Research CY SEP 10-13, 2006 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. LPC, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 9 SU S BP 164A EP 164A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 075XE UT WOS:000239919900478 ER PT J AU McCaskill, JG Chason, KD Hua, XY Neuringer, IP Ghio, AJ Funkhouser, WK Tilley, SL AF McCaskill, Joshua G. Chason, Kelly D. Hua, Xiaoyang Neuringer, Isabel P. Ghio, Andrew J. Funkhouser, William K. Tilley, Stephen L. TI Pulmonary immune responses to Propionibacterium acnes in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; granuloma; lung; mouse; Propionibacterium acnes ID GAMMA-DEFICIENT MICE; ACUTE LIVER-INJURY; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR; LYMPH-NODES; CORYNEBACTERIUM-PARVUM; SARCOIDOSIS; TISSUE; DNA; TLR9; GRANULOMATOSIS AB Propionibacterium acnes (PA) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium implicated as a putative etiologic agent of sarcoidosis. To characterize the pulmonary immune response to PA, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and intratracheally challenged with heat-killed bacteria. C57BL/6 mice challenged with PA developed a cellular immune response characterized by elevations in Th1 cytokines/chemokines, increased numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages in lung lavage fluid, and peribronchovascular granulomatous inflammation composed of T- and B-lymphocytes and epithelioid histiocytes. T-lymphocytes in the lung lavage fluid showed a marked CD4+ cell predominance. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice challenged with Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), another gram-positive commensal of human skin, and BALB/c mice challenged with PA, showed only a modest induction of Th1 cytokines, less pulmonary inflammation, and no granulomatous changes in the lung. Enhancement of Toll-like receptor expression was seen in PA-exposed C57BL/6 mice within 24 h after exposure, suggesting that induction of innate immunity by PA contributes to the robust, polarized Th1 immune response elicited by this bacterium. These findings suggest that PA-induced pulmonary inflammation may be a useful model for testing the contributions of both bacterial and host factors in the development, maintenance, and resolution of granulomatous inflammation in the lung. C1 Univ N Carolina, Pulm Immunobiol Lab, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis & Crit Care Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environmental Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tilley, SL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Pulm Immunobiol Lab, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis & Crit Care Med, 8033 Burnett Womack Bldg,CB 7219, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM stephen_tilley@med.unc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL077581] NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0285OC PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 080PU UT WOS:000240260800009 PM 16645181 ER PT J AU Barnes, C Portnoy, J Sever, M Arbes, S Vaughn, B Zeldin, DC AF Barnes, Charles Portnoy, Jay Sever, Michelle Arbes, Samuel, Jr. Vaughn, Ben Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Comparison of enzyme immunoassay-based assays for environmental Alternaria alternata SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MAJOR ALLERGEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HOUSE-DUST; ALT A1; ALT-A-1; PURIFICATION; CLONING; QUANTITATION; PRODUCTS AB Background: Alternaria alternata-derived allergenic materials are causes of human disease. Several immunoassays exist to quantify these materials. Objective: To compare methods for evaluating Alternaria content. Methods: Four methods, including 1 monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based assay specific for recombinant Alt a 1, 1 MAb-based assay for chromatographically purified Alt a 1, 1 polyclonal antibody (PAb)-based assay for chromatographically purified Alt a 1, and I PAb-based assay for whole Alternaria extract, were evaluated. Environmental samples collected as part of the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing were examined. Alternaria spore counts were determined in dust by observation. Results: The MAb-based assay for recombinant Alt a I detected Alternaria in few samples (25%); the PAb-based assay for whole Alternaria proteins detected antigen in 97% of the samples. The PAb- and MAb-based assays for purified Alt a I detected antigen in 100% of the samples. There was a significant positive correlation between the 2 assays directed against purified Alt a 1. There was a positive correlation between the PAb-based assay for whole Alternaria and the PAb-based assay for Alt a 1. Nearly all the dust samples contained Alternaria spores, and there was a strong positive correlation between counts and all assays. Conclusion: Because of the multifaceted nature of Alternaria, the disparities between methods for quantifying Alternaria, the cross-reactivity between fungal allergens, and the documented genetic promiscuity of this fungus, enzyme immunoassays using PAbs against a range of Alternaria proteins will probably produce the most reliable estimation of overall Alternaria exposure in house dust. C1 Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Barnes, C (reprint author), Childrens Mercy Hosp, 2400 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. EM cbarnes@cmh.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 087RI UT WOS:000240759400015 PM 17042141 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Covert, TC Yakrus, MA Harris, SI Donnelly, SF Rice, EW Toney, S Bailey, SA Stelma, GN AF Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Covert, Terry C. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Harris, Stephanie I. Donnelly, Sandra F. Rice, Eugene W. Toney, Sean Bailey, Stephanie A. Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. TI Persistence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in a drinking water system after addition of filtration treatment SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AVIUM COMPLEX; AIDS PATIENTS; PLANT PERFORMANCE; POTABLE WATER; INFECTION; INTRACELLULARE; IDENTIFICATION; SIMIAE AB There is evidence that drinking water may be a source of infections with pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in humans. One method by which NTM are believed to enter drinking water distribution systems is by their intracellular colonization of protozoa. Our goal was to determine whether we could detect a reduction in the prevalence of NTM recovered from an unfiltered surface drinking water system after the addition of ozonation and filtration treatment and to characterize NTM isolates by using molecular methods. We sampled water from two initially unfiltered surface drinking water treatment plants over a 29-month period. One plant received the addition of filtration and ozonation after 6 months of sampling. Sample sites included those at treatment plant effluents, distributed water, and cold water taps (point-of-use [POU] sites) in public or commercial buildings located within each distribution system. NTM were recovered from 27% of the sites. POU sites yielded the majority of NTM, with > 50% recovery despite the addition of ozonation and filtration. Closely related electrophoretic groups of Mycobacterium avium were found to persist at POU sites for up to 26 months. Water collected from POU cold water outlets was persistently colonized with NTM despite the addition of ozonation and filtration to a drinking water system. This suggests that cold water POU outlets need to be considered as a potential source of chronic human exposure to NTM. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Clark Cty Water Reclamat Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5864 EP 5869 DI 10.1128/AEM.00759-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083QT UT WOS:000240474000024 PM 16957205 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Callanah, LF AF Parks, Christine G. Cooper, Glinda S. Callanah, Leigh F. TI Feasibility of using a brief self-administered questionnaire to assess occupational silica exposure in a rheumatology patient population. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S773 EP S774 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877204250 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL Gilkeson, GS AF Parks, Christine G. Cooper, Glinda S. Dooley, Mary Anne Treadwell, Edward L. Gilkeson, Gary S. TI Early life farm exposures and adult occupational exposures to organic dusts in a population-based case-control study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. ECU Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. MUSC, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S298 EP S298 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877201217 ER PT J AU Wither, JE Chad, L Montpetit, A Lim, S McKenzie, T Cooper, S Greenwood, CMT Fortin, PR Hudson, TJ AF Wither, Joan E. Chad, Lauren Montpetit, Alexandre Lim, Sooyeol McKenzie, Tamara Cooper, S. Greenwood, Celia M. T. Fortin, Paul R. Hudson, Thomas J. CA CaNIOS GenES Investigators TI Genetic association between LY9, a member of the SLAM family, and systemic lupus erythematosus. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Toronto Western Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. McGill Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S290 EP S291 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877201194 ER PT J AU Wither, JE Cai, YC Lim, S McKenzie, T Su, JD Claudio, JO Cooper, GS Hudson, TJ Greenwood, CMT Fritzler, M Fortin, PR AF Wither, Joan E. Cai, Yongchun Lim, Sooyeol McKenzie, Tamara Su, Jiandong Claudio, Jaime O. Cooper, Glinda S. Hudson, Thomas J. Greenwood, Celia M. T. Fritzler, Marvin Fortin, Paul R. CA CaNIOS GenES Investigators TI Increased frequency of autoantibodies in the family members of lupus patients and association with a reduced proportion of NKT cells. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Toronto Western Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Res Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S291 EP S291 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877201195 ER PT J AU Skov, H Brooks, SB Goodsite, ME Lindberg, SE Meyers, TP Landis, MS Larsen, MRB Jensen, B McConville, G Christensen, J AF Skov, Henrik Brooks, Steven B. Goodsite, Michael E. Lindberg, Steve E. Meyers, Tilden P. Landis, Matthew S. Larsen, Michael R. B. Jensen, Bjarne McConville, Glen Christensen, Jesper TI Fluxes of reactive gaseous mercury measured with a newly developed method using relaxed eddy accumulation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; atmospheric mercury depletion episodes; conditional sampling; deposition; reactive gaseous mercury; emission; micrometeorology; snow-air exchange ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; POLAR SUNRISE; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; DYNAMIC OXIDATION; INTERSTITIAL AIR; STATION-NORD; SNOW; OZONE; SPECIATION AB There is a qualitative understanding that gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is oxidized during Arctic spring to reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) that afterwards is removed by fast deposition to snow surfaces. The conditional sampling or relaxed eddy accumulation (REA), technique represents the first opportunity to directly measure fluxes of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) to the snow pack in the Arctic. Using a micrometeorological method REA system, with a heated sampling system specifically designed for Arctic use, the dry deposition of RGM is measured after polar sunrise, in Barrow, Alaska. Heated KCl-coated manual RGM annular denuders were used as the accumulators with an inlet allowing only fine particles to pass (Cut off diameter 2.5 mu m). At 3 in above the snow pack significant RGM fluxes were measured each spring in 2001-2004. Both depositions and emissions were observed. The emissions were attributed to chemical formation of RGM at or near the snow surface. The surface resistance, R-c, for RGM was found to be very small and set to zero as a first estimate. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Environm Res Inst, Roskilde 4000, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Data Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Skov, H (reprint author), Natl Environm Res Inst, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark. EM hsk@dmu.dk RI Goodsite, Michael/B-7321-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011 OI Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 28 BP 5452 EP 5463 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.061 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 088DE UT WOS:000240790900010 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Templer, PH Goodale, CL Duke, S Groffman, PM Adams, MB Boeckx, P Boggs, J Campbell, J Colman, B Compton, J Emmett, B Gundersen, P Kjonaas, J Lovett, G Mack, M Magill, A Mbila, M Mitchell, MJ McGee, G McNulty, S Nadelhoffer, K Ollinger, S Ross, D Rueth, H Rustad, L Schaberg, P Schiff, S Schleppi, P Spoelstra, J Wessel, W AF Pardo, L. H. Templer, P. H. Goodale, C. L. Duke, S. Groffman, P. M. Adams, M. B. Boeckx, P. Boggs, J. Campbell, J. Colman, B. Compton, J. Emmett, B. Gundersen, P. Kjonaas, J. Lovett, G. Mack, M. Magill, A. Mbila, M. Mitchell, M. J. McGee, G. McNulty, S. Nadelhoffer, K. Ollinger, S. Ross, D. Rueth, H. Rustad, L. Schaberg, P. Schiff, S. Schleppi, P. Spoelstra, J. Wessel, W. TI Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root delta N-15 SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE N-15 fine roots; forests; N deposition; natural abundance ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ISOTOPE RATIOS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; DIFFERENT COMPARTMENTS; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS AB N saturation induced by atmospheric N deposition can have serious consequences for forest health in many regions. In order to evaluate whether foliar delta N-15 may be a robust, regional-scale measure of the onset of N saturation in forest ecosystems, we assembled a large dataset on atmospheric N deposition, foliar and root delta N-15 and N concentration, soil C:N, mineralization and nitrification. The dataset included sites in northeastern North America, Colorado, Alaska, southern Chile and Europe. Local drivers of N cycling (net nitrification and mineralization, and forest floor and soil C: N) were more closely coupled with foliar delta N-15 than the regional driver of N deposition. Foliar delta N-15 increased non-linearly with nitrification: mineralization ratio and decreased with forest floor C: N. Foliar delta N-15 was more strongly related to nitrification rates than was foliar N concentration, but concentration was more strongly correlated with N deposition. Root delta N-15 was more tightly coupled to forest floor properties than was foliar delta N-15. We observed a pattern of decreasing foliar delta N-15 values across the following species: American beech > yellow birch > sugar maple. Other factors that affected foliar delta N-15 included species composition and climate. Relationships between foliar delta N-15 and soil variables were stronger when analyzed on a species by species basis than when many species were lumped. European sites showed distinct patterns of lower foliar delta N-15, due to the importance of ammonium deposition in this region. Our results suggest that examining delta N-15 values of foliage may improve understanding of how forests respond to the cascading effects of N deposition. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agr Res Serv, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA, US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, Wales. Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Sch Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us RI Gundersen, Per/B-2192-2008; Schleppi, Patrick/E-6751-2011; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Boeckx, Pascal/J-3668-2013; Colman, Benjamin/B-5704-2009; Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Gundersen, Per/0000-0002-9199-4033; Schleppi, Patrick/0000-0002-3578-6563; Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Boeckx, Pascal/0000-0003-3998-0010; Colman, Benjamin/0000-0001-6290-3705; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027 NR 101 TC 92 Z9 105 U1 14 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 143 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9015-9 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 089CD UT WOS:000240856800003 ER PT J AU Fuentes, M Song, HR Ghosh, SK Holland, DM Davis, JM AF Fuentes, Montserrat Song, Hae-Ryoung Ghosh, Sujit K. Holland, David M. Davis, Jerry M. TI Spatial association between speciated fine particles and mortality SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ambient air pollution; Bayesian hierarchical models; conditional autoregressive models; environmental epidemiology; particulate matter; spatial statistics ID AIR-POLLUTION; MODELS AB Particulate matter (PM) has been linked to a range of serious cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, including premature mortality. The main objective of our research is to quantify uncertainties about the impacts of fine PM exposure on mortality. We develop a multivariate spatial regression model for the estimation of the risk of mortality associated with fine PM and its components across all counties in the conterminous United States. We characterize different sources of uncertainty in the data and model the spatial structure of the mortality data and the speciated fine PM. We consider a flexible Bayesian hierarchical model for a space-time series of counts (mortality) by constructing a likelihood-based version of a generalized Poisson regression model that combines methods for point-level misaligned data and change of support regression. Our results seem to suggest an increase by a factor of two in the risk of mortality due to fine particles with respect to coarse particles. Our study also shows that in the Western United States, the nitrate and crustal components of the speciated fine PM seem to have more impact on mortality than the other components. On the other hand, in the Eastern United States, sulfate and ammonium explain most of the fine PM effect. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fuentes, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu OI Ghosh, Sujit/0000-0001-8351-408X NR 17 TC 26 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00526.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 086YE UT WOS:000240708300029 PM 16984329 ER PT J AU Persily, AK Gorfain, J Brunner, G AF Persily, Andrew K. Gorfain, Josh Brunner, Greg TI Survey of ventilation rates in office buildings SO BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; database; measurement; office buildings; ventilation; US AB Building ventilation is a primary determinant of indoor air quality in buildings as it impacts indoor contaminant concentrations and occupant comfort. However, relatively few measurements of office building ventilation performance have been conducted, and those data that exist generally have not employed consistent measurement methods and have not involved representative collections of buildings. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE) study involved indoor environmental measurements, including ventilation, in 100 US office buildings using a standardized protocol. This paper presents an analysis of the measured outdoor air ventilation rates, including comparisons with the requirements in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62-2001 (2001). The outdoor ventilation rates measured using duct traverses at the air handler intakes are higher than might be expected, with a mean value of about 55 litres/second (1/s) per person. However, these elevated values are not so unexpected given the low occupant density (mean of about four persons per 100 m(2)) and the high outdoor air fractions (mean of about 35%). Air change rates based on peak carbon dioxide concentrations in the space are lower than the volumetric values with a mean of about 20 1/s per person. Questions exist regarding these peak carbon dioxide values based on the assumptions on which the determinations are based. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov; brunner.gregory@epa.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0961-3218 J9 BUILD RES INF JI Build. Res. Informat. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 459 EP 466 DI 10.1080/09613210600809128 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 096NH UT WOS:000241383600004 ER PT J AU Nicholson, E Westphal, MI Frank, K Rochester, WA Pressey, RL Lindenmayer, DB Possingham, HP AF Nicholson, Emily Westphal, Michael I. Frank, Karin Rochester, Wayne A. Pressey, Robert L. Lindenmayer, David B. Possingham, Hugh P. TI A new method for conservation planning for the persistence of multiple species SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; metapopulation; multiple species conservation; optimization; reserve design; simulated annealing; site selection ID DESIGNING NATURE-RESERVES; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SELECTION ALGORITHMS; POPULATION VIABILITY; SITE-SELECTION; BIODIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY; NETWORKS; WILDLIFE AB Although the aim of conservation planning is the persistence of biodiversity, current methods trade-off ecological realism at a species level in favour of including multiple species and landscape features. For conservation planning to be relevant, the impact of landscape configuration on population processes and the viability of species needs to be considered. We present a novel method for selecting reserve systems that maximize persistence across multiple species, subject to a conservation budget. We use a spatially explicit metapopulation model to estimate extinction risk, a function of the ecology of the species and the amount, quality and configuration of habitat. We compare our new method with more traditional, area-based reserve selection methods, using a ten-species case study, and find that the expected loss of species is reduced 20-fold. Unlike previous methods, we avoid designating arbitrary weightings between reserve size and configuration; rather, our method is based on population processes and is grounded in ecological theory. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. US EPA, AAAS Sci & Technol Policy Follow, Off Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Resource & Environm Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Nicholson, E (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM e.nicholson@uq.edu.au RI Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Pressey, Bob/C-8370-2013; Nicholson, Emily/H-9001-2013; Frank, Karin/D-6490-2015 OI Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Pressey, Bob/0000-0003-2740-0330; Nicholson, Emily/0000-0003-2199-3446; Frank, Karin/0000-0002-2769-0692 NR 55 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1049 EP 1060 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00956.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 076EP UT WOS:000239940100007 PM 16925654 ER PT J AU Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Dzombak, DA AF Boccelli, Dominic L. Small, Mitchell J. Dzombak, David A. TI Effects of water quality and model structure on arsenic removal simulation: An optimization study SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; arsenic; enhanced coagulation; optimization; treatment ID TREATMENT-PLANT-DESIGN; DRINKING-WATER; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; BED FILTRATION; METAL-IONS; COAGULATION; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; COST; POLYMERIZATION AB The promulgation of the 10 mu g/L arsenic MCL will require some utilities to implement new, or to modify existing, treatment processes. Arsenate removal is commonly performed by adsorption to hydrous ferric oxide during sweep-floe conventional treatment, and can be improved through enhanced coagulation modification options. An integrated process model including detailed process chemistry was developed and used to investigate the effect of water composition, influent pH, and silica competition on operating conditions for arsenic removal to produce a 10 mu g/L effluent arsenic concentration. Additionally, two different sets of arsenate and silica adsorption constants were used to assess qualitatively the impacts of model structure uncertainty. In general, the background inorganic concentrations, influent pH, and (for one model) silica competition increased the range of conditions under which treatment modification is required to improve removal efficiency. The treatment modifications considered include additional ferric chloride dose, acid addition, or both. For additional treatment cases, an optimization approach was used to determine the least-cost modification option to improve removal efficiency. When silica competition was not considered, the additional ferric chloride dose option was determined to be the least-cost modification for both models. When silica competition was considered, the model that predicts significant silica competition selects acid addition or both modification options at high pH and background inorganic concentrations; the other model continued to suggest only the additional ferric chloride dose option. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Boccelli, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHSRC, MS 163,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM boccelli.dominic@epa.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 835 EP 850 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.23.835 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084CG UT WOS:000240508700008 ER PT J AU Ebi, KL Mills, DM Smith, JB Grambsch, A AF Ebi, Kristie L. Mills, David M. Smith, Joel B. Grambsch, Anne TI Climate change and human health impacts in the United States: An update on the results of the US National Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE air pollution; climate change; extreme weather events; flooding; health impacts; heat waves; waterborne diseases ID POTENTIAL IMPACTS; AIR-POLLUTION; HUMAN MORTALITY; HEAT-WAVE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL CHANGES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; VECTOR-BORNE; VARIABILITY; CITIES AB The health sector component of the first U.S. National Assessment, published in 2000, synthesized the anticipated health impacts of climate variability and change for five categories of health outcomes: impacts attributable to temperature, extreme weather events (e.g., storms and floods), air pollution, water- and food-borne diseases, and vector- and rodent-borne diseases. The Health Sector Assessment (HSA) concluded that climate variability and change are likely to increase morbidity and mortality risks for several climate-sensitive health outcomes, with the net impact uncertain. The objective of this study was to update the first HSA based on recent publications that address the potential impacts of climate variability and change in the United States for the five health outcome categories. The literature published since the first HSA supports the initial conclusions, with new data refining quantitative exposure-response relationships for several health end points, particularly for extreme heat events and air pollution. The United States continues to have a very high capacity to plan for and respond to climate change, although relatively little progress has been noted in the literature on implementing adaptive strategies and measures. Large knowledge gaps remain, resulting in a substantial need for additional research to improve our understanding of how weather and climate, both directly and indirectly, can influence human health. Filling these knowledge gaps will help better define the potential health impacts of climate change and identify specific public health adaptations to increase resilience. C1 ESS LLC, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ebi, KL (reprint author), ESS LLC, 5249 Tancreti Lane, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. EM krisebi@essllc.org NR 59 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 42 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1318 EP 1324 DI 10.1289/ehp.8880 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700025 PM 16966082 ER PT J AU Emond, C Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ AF Emond, Claude Birnbaum, Linda S. DeVito, Michael J. TI Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for rats to study the lnfluence of body fat mass and induction of CYP1A2 on the pharmacokinetics of TCDD SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; AhR; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; dioxin; modeling; PBPK; pharmacokinetics; TCDD ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; OPERATION RANCH HAND; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; DOSE-RESPONSE; INTRAVENOUS-INJECTION; ELIMINATION RATES; INCLUDING HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly lipophilic chemical that distributes into adipose tissue, especially at low doses. However, at high doses TCDD sequesters in liver because it induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) that binds TCDD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that included an inducible elimination rate of TCDD in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Objectives of this work were to characterize the influence of induction of CYP1A2 and adipose tissue mass fraction on the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of TCDD using this PBPK model. When the model assumes a fixed elimination of TCDD, t(1/2) increases with dose, due to hepatic sequestration. Because experimental data indicate that the t(1/2) of TCDD decreases with dose, the model was modified to include an inducible elimination rate. The PBPK model was then used to compare the t(1/2) after an increase of adipose tissue mass fraction from 6.9 to 70%. The model suggests that at low exposures, increasing adipose tissue mass increases the terminal t(1/2). However, at higher exposures, as CYP1A2 is induced, the relationship between adipose tissue mass and t(1/2) reaches a plateau. This demonstrates that an inducible elimination rate is needed in a PBPK model in order to describe the pharmacokinetics of TCDD. At low exposures these models are more sensitive to parameters related to partitioning into adipose tissue. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Toxicol, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Toxicol, Pharmacokinet Branch, Mail Drop B143-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1394 EP 1400 DI 10.1289/ehp.8805 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700037 PM 16966094 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Caldwell, JC Keshava, N Scott, CS AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Caldwell, Jane C. Keshava, Nagalakshmi Scott, Cheryl Siegel TI Key scientific issues in the health risk assessment of trichloroethylene SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; mode of action; peroxisome proliferators; pharmacokinetics; trichloroethylene; risk assessment ID SOMATIC MUTATIONS; CANCER; CARCINOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METABOLITES; LYMPHOMA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; MODES AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental contaminant at hazardous waste sites and in ambient and indoor air. Assessing the human health risks of TCE is challenging because of its inherently complex metabolism and toxicity and the widely varying perspectives on a number of critical scientific issues. Because of this complexity, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drew upon scientific input and expertise from a wide range of groups and individuals in developing its 2001 draft health risk assessment of TCE. This scientific outreach, which was aimed at engaging a diversity of perspectives rather than developing consensus, culminated in 2000 with 16 stare-of-the-science articles published together as an Environmental Health Perspectives supplement. Since that time, a substantial amount of new scientific research has been published that is relevant to assessing TCE health risks. Moreover, a number of difficult or controversial scientific issues remain unresolved and are the subject of a scientific consultation with the National Academy of Sciences coordinated by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and co-sponsored by a number of federal agencies, including the U.S. EPA. The articles included in this minimonograph provide a scientific update on the most prominent of these issues: the pharmacokinetics of TCE and its metabolites, mode(s) of action and effects of TCE metabolites, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in TCE toxicity, and TCE cancer epidemiology. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1445 EP 1449 DI 10.1289/ehp.8690 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700046 PM 16966103 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Okino, MS Lipscomb, JC Evans, MV AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Okino, Miles S. Lipscomb, John C. Evans, Marina V. TI Issues in the pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene and its metabolites SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE metabolism; pharmacokinetics; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; risk assessment; trichloroethylene ID PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; AL. PBPK MODEL; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; B6C3F1 MICE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; DOSE-RESPONSE; HUMAN KIDNEY; IN-VIVO AB Much progress has been made in understanding the complex pharmacoldnetics of trichlornethylene (TCE). Qualitatively, it is dear that TCE is metabolized to multiple metabolites either locally or into systemic circulation. Many of these metabolites are thought to have toxicologic importance. In addition, efforts to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have led to a better quantitative assessment of the dosimetry of TCE and several of its metabolites. As part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, this article is a review of a number of the current scientific issues in TCE pharmacokinetics and recent PBPK modeling efforts with a focus on literature published since 2000. Particular attention is paid to factors affecting PBPK modeling for application to risk assessment. Recent TCE PBPK modeling efforts, coupled with methodologic advances in characterizing uncertainty and variability, suggest that rigorous application of PBPK modeling to TCE risk assessment appears feasible at least for TCE and its major oxidative metabolites trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol. However, a number of basic structural hypotheses such as enterohepatic recirculation, plasma binding, and flow- or diffusion-limited treatment of tissue distribution require additional evaluation and analysis. Moreover, there are a number of metabolites of potential toxicologic interest, such as chloral, dichloroacetic acid, and those derived from glutathione conjugation, for which reliable pharmacokinetic data is sparse because of analytical difficulties or low concentrations in systemic circulation. It will be a challenge to develop reliable dosimetry for such cases. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 83 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1450 EP 1456 DI 10.1289/ehp.8691 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700047 PM 16966104 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JC Keshava, N AF Caldwell, Jane C. Keshava, Nagalakshmi TI Key issues in the modes of action and effects of trichloroethylene metabolites for liver and kidney tumorigenesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chloral hydrate; dichloroacetic acid; S-(1,2dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethanol; trichloroethylene ID GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE ZETA; INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; FORMIC-ACID EXCRETION; TAG DATABASE ANALYSIS; MALE B6C3F(1) MOUSE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; CHLORAL HYDRATE; DNA METHYLATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epiderniologic studies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE risk assessment concluded that it is difficult to determine which TCE metabolites may be responsible for these effects, the key events involved in their modes of action (MOAs), and the relevance of these MOAs to humans. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we present a review of recently published scientific literature examining the effects of TCE metabolites in the context of the preceding questions. Studies of the TCE metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans. Studies of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine have revealed a number of different possible cell signaling effects that may be related to kidney tumorigenesis at lower concentrations than those leading to cytotoxicity. Recent studies of trichloroethanol exploring an alternative hypothesis for kidney tumorigenesis have failed to establish the formation of formate as a key event for TCE-induced kidney tumors. Overall, although MOAs and key events for TCE-induced liver and kidney tumors have yet to be definitively established, these results support the likelihood that toxicity is due to multiple metabolites through several MOAs, none of which appear to be irrelevant to humans. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Caldwell, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Caldwell.jane@epa.gov NR 77 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1457 EP 1463 DI 10.1289/ehp.8692 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700048 PM 16966105 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Caldwell, JC AF Keshava, Nagalakshmi Caldwell, Jane C. TI Key issues in the role of peroxisorne proliferator-activated receptor agonism and cell signaling in trichloroethylene toxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE dichloroacetic acid; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PPAR; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethylene ID ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BETA-OXIDATION; DNA-SYNTHESIS; NULL MICE; IN-VIVO; ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUG AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is thought to be involved in several different diseases, toxic responses, and receptor pathways. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 14 2001 draft trichloroethylene (TCE) risk assessment concluded that although PPAR may play a role in liver tumor induction, the role of its activation and the sequence of subsequent events important to tumorigenesis are not well defined, particularly because of uncertainties concerning the extraperoxisomal effects. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we summarize some of the scientific literature published since that time on the effects and actions of PPAR alpha that help inform and illustrate the key scientific questions relevant to TCE risk assessment. Recent analyses of the role of PPAR(x in gene expression changes caused by TCE and its metabolites provide only limited data for comparison with other PPAR alpha, agonists., particularly given the difficulties in interpreting results involving PPAR alpha knockout mice. Moreover, the increase in data over the last 5 years from the broader literature on PPAR alpha agonists presents a more complex array of extraperoxisomal effects and actions, suggesting the possibility that PPAR alpha, may be involved in modes of action (MOAs) not only for liver tumors but also for other effects of TCE and its metabolites. In summary, recent studies support the conclusion that determinations of the human relevance and susceptibility to PPAR alpha-related MOA(s) of TCE-induced effects cannot rely on inferences regarding peroxisome proliferation per se and require a better understanding of the interplay of extraperoxisomal events after PPAR alpha agonism. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Keshava, N (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM keshava.nagu@epa.gov NR 107 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1464 EP 1470 DI 10.1289/chp.8693 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700049 PM 16966106 ER PT J AU Scott, CS Chiu, WA AF Scott, Cheryl Siegel Chiu, Weihsueh A. TI Trichloroethylene cancer epidemiology: A consideration of select issues SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; drinking water exposures; epidemiology; occupational exposures; risk assessment; trichloroethylene ID RENAL-CELL CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING WORKERS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; UPSTATE NEW-YORK; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; COHORT MORTALITY; DRINKING-WATER; LIVER-CANCER AB A large body of epidentiologic evidence exists for exploring causal associations between cancer and trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE health risk assessment concluded that epiderniologic studies, on the whole, support associations between TCE exposure and excess risk of kidney cancer, liver cancer, and lymphomas, and, to a lesser extent, cervical cancer and prostate cancer. As part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, this article reviews recently published scientific literature examining cancer and TCE exposure and identifies four issues that are key to interpreting the larger body of epiderniologic evidence: a) relative sensitivity of cancer incidence and mortality data; b) different classifications of lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma; c) differences in data and methods for assigning TCE exposure status; and a) different methods employed for causal inferences, including statistical or meta-analysis approaches. The recent epiderniologic studies substantially expand the epidentiologic database, with seven new studies available on kidney cancer and somewhat fewer studies available that examine possible associations at other sites. Overall, recently published studies appear to provide further support for the kidney, liver, and lymphatic systems as targets of TCE toxicity, suggesting, as do previous studies, modestly elevated (typically 1.5-2.0) site-specific relative risks, given exposure conditions in these studies. However, a number of challenging issues need to be considered before drawing causal conclusions about TCE exposure and cancer from these data. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Scott, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Scott.Cheryl@epa.gov NR 76 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1471 EP 1478 DI 10.1289/ehp.8949 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700050 PM 16966107 ER PT J AU Lussier, SM Enser, RW Dasilva, SN Charpentier, M AF Lussier, Suzanne M. Enser, Richard W. Dasilva, Sara N. Charpentier, Michael TI Effects of habitat disturbance from residential development on breeding bird communities in riparian corridors SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; habitat; urbanization; riparian; watershed assessment; land use; monitoring ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; NEST PREDATION; URBANIZATION; INDICATORS; GUILDS; INDEX; IMPACTS; PATTERN; WIDTH AB This study assessed the relationship among land use, riparian vegetation, and avian populations at two spatial scales. Our objective was to compare the vegetated habitat in riparian corridors with breeding bird guilds in eight Rhode Island subwatersheds along a range of increasing residential land use. Riparian habitats were characterized with fine-scale techniques (used field transects to measure riparian vegetation structure and plant species richness) at the reach spatial scale, and with coarse-scale landscape techniques (a Geographic Information System to document land-cover attributes) at the subwatershed scale. Bird surveys were conducted in the riparian zone, and the observed bird species were separated into guilds based on tolerance to human disturbance, habitat preference, foraging type, and diet preference. Bird guilds were correlated with riparian vegetation metrics, percent impervious surface, and percent residential land use, revealing patterns of breeding bird distribution. The number of intolerant species predominated below 12% residential development and 3% impervious surface, whereas tolerant species predominated above these levels. Habitat guilds of edge, forest, and wetland bird species correlated with riparian vegetation. This study showed that the application of avian guilds at both stream reach and subwatershed scales offers a comprehensive assessment of effects from disturbed habitat, but that the subwatershed scale is a more efficient method of evaluation for environmental management. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI Dept Environm Management, Nat Hertiage Program, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Nelson Pope & Voorhis LLC, Melville, NY 11747 USA. US EPA, Comp Sci Corp, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Lussier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lussier.suzanne@epa.gov OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 504 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0088-3 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072EW UT WOS:000239657000014 PM 16738815 ER PT J AU Sallmen, M Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Blair, A Baird, DD AF Sallmen, Markku Sandler, Dale P. Hoppin, Jane A. Blair, Aaron Baird, Donna Day TI Reduced fertility among overweight and obese men SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OVULATORY INFERTILITY; ERECTILE-DYSFUNCTION; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; SEMEN QUALITY; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT; HYPOGONADISM; HORMONES AB Background: Overweight and obese men. have been reported to have lower sperm counts and hormonal changes, but data are lacking regarding effects on couple fertility. Methods: We examined the relationship between male body mass index(BMI) and infertility in couples enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study in the United States. The analysis sample was limited to couples (wife < 40 years old) with an attempt at pregnancy, in the last 4 years based on pregnancy and fertility data provided by wives Infertility was defined as not conceiving a pregnancy after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse regardless of whether or not a pregnancy ultimately occurred. Self-reported weight and height were used to calculate BMI (kg/m(2)). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for infertility associated with increases in male BMI were calculated with logistic regression. Results: Adjusting for potential confounders, a 3-unit increase in male BMI was associated with infertility (aOR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.25; n = 1329). There was a dose-response relationship, and the BMI effect was stronger when the data were limited to couples with the highest-quality infertility data. The association between BMI and infertility was similar for older and younger men, suggesting that erectile dysfunction in older men does not explain the association. Conclusions: This report of lower fertility in overweight and obese men needs replication. If the findings are robust, programs to prevent obesity may improve men's reproductive health and save medical costs for infertility treatment. C1 Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Ctr Expertise Hlth & Work Abil, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Sallmen, M (reprint author), Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Ctr Expertise Hlth & Work Abil, Topeliuksenkatu 41 aA, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. EM Markku.Sallmen@ttl.fi RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 21 TC 116 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000229953.76862.e5 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077KT UT WOS:000240028900009 PM 16837825 ER PT J AU Glenn, BS Bandeen-Roche, K Lee, BK Weaver, VM Todd, AC Schwartz, BS AF Glenn, Barbara S. Bandeen-Roche, Karen Lee, Byung-Kook Weaver, Virginia M. Todd, Andrew C. Schwartz, Brian S. TI Changes in systolic blood pressure associated with lead in blood and bone SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST-SCORES; LONGITUDINAL DATA; CHELATABLE LEAD; TIBIAL LEAD; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; DECLINE AB Background: Several studies have examined longitudinal associations of blood pressure change or hypertension incidence with lead concentration in blood or bone. It is not clear whether the observed associations reflect an immediate response to lead as a consequence of recent dose or rather are a persistent effect of cumulative dose over a lifetime. Methods: We followed 575 subjects in a lead-exposed occupational cohort in South Korea between October 1997 and June 2001. We used generalized estimating equation models to evaluate blood pressure change between study visits in relation to tibia lead concentrations at each prior visit and concurrent changes in blood lead. The modeling strategy summarized the longitudinal association of blood pressure with cumulative lead dose or changes in recent lead dose. Results: On average, participants were 41 years old at baseline and had worked 8.5 years in lead-exposed jobs. At baseline, the average standard deviation for blood lead was 31.4 +/- 14.2 mu g/dL, and for tibia lead, it was 38.4 +/- 42.9 mu g/g bone mineral. Change in systolic blood pressure during the study was associated with concurrent blood lead change, with an average annual increase of 0.9 (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 1.6) min Hg for every 10-mu g/dL increase in blood lead per year. Conclusion: The findings in this relatively young population of current and former lead workers suggest that systolic blood pressure responds to lead dose through acute pathways in addition to the effects of cumulative injury. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Inst Ind Med, Cheonan, South Korea. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Glenn, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1600 Penn Ave,NW 8723F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM glenn.barbara@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07198, R01 ES007198-08, R01 ES007198-07] NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000231284.19078.4b PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077KT UT WOS:000240028900012 PM 16906055 ER PT J AU Darrow, LA Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD AF Darrow, Lyndsey A. Woodruff, Tracey J. Parker, Jennifer D. TI Maternal smoking as a confounder in studies of air pollution and infant mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BIRTH-WEIGHT C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Darrow, LA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ldarrow@sph.emory.edu NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 592 EP 593 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000229951.26189.27 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077KT UT WOS:000240028900021 PM 16906057 ER PT J AU Khandelwal, S Saxena, RK AF Khandelwal, Sanjay Saxena, Rajiv K. TI Assessment of survival of aging erythrocyte in circulation and attendant changes in size and CD147 expression by a novel two step biotinylation method SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte turnover; biotin; murine; forward scatter; CD147; reticulocytes; thiazole orange; erythrocyte aging; RBC; blood circulation ID RED-CELL SURVIVAL; SENESCENT ERYTHROCYTES; SURFACE-AREA; BLOOD-CELLS; AGED CELLS; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO; RECOGNITION; MATURATION; CLEARANCE AB Three intravenous injections (1 mg each) of biotin-X-NHS (BXN) given at 24 h intervals labeled all circulating erythrocytes with biotin in C57B1/6 mice. After 5 days, administration of another i.v. injection of BXN (0.6 mg) resulted in the labeling of erythrocytes released in blood circulation after the first biotinylation step, with a lower intensity of biotin. The older erythrocyte population with high intensity of biotin (biotin(high) population) and the later population of newly formed erythrocytes with lower intensity of biotin (biotin(low) population) could be stained with streptavidin-APC (SAv) and identified by flow cytometry. Using the double biotinylation technique, we could examine the survival and age related changes in biotinlow population of erythrocytes that was released in circulation during a defined time period (5 days). Our results indicate that the percentage of Biotin(low) erythrocytes in circulation remained static for 10 days after the second biotinylation step and than started to decline steadily with time. Mean fluorescence intensity of biotin label on surviving biotin(low) population of erythrocytes however remained stable. These results suggest that after 15 days of release in blood, erythrocytes may undergo random destruction. Furthermore, forward scatter as well as CD147 expression of Biotin(low) population also declined with age. Double biotinylation technique described in this communication offers an easy method for tracking age related changes in populations of erythrocytes released in circulation during a defined period of time. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Saxena, RK (reprint author), US EPA, NHREEL, ETD, Immunotoxicol Branch, Mail Code B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM saxena.rajiv@epa.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9 BP 855 EP 861 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2006.06.045 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 105VZ UT WOS:000242061700008 PM 16889925 ER PT J AU Burke, DJ Kretzer, AM Rygiewicz, PT Topa, MA AF Burke, David J. Kretzer, Annette M. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Topa, Mary A. TI Soil bacterial diversity in a loblolly pine plantation: influence of ectomycorrhizas and fertilization SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; ectomycorrhiza; fertilization; N-2 fixation; Pinus taedar; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DINITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA; DOUGLAS-FIR; FOREST SOIL; NIFH GENE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; CARBON AB We studied the effect of ectomycorrhizas and fertilization on soil microbial communities associated with roots of 10-year-old loblolly pine. Ectomycorrhizas were identified using a combination of community terminal restriction fragment profiling and matching of individual terminal restriction fragments to those produced from ectomycorrhizal clones and sequences recovered from roots and sporocarps. Differences between bacterial communities were initially determined using cluster analysis on community terminal restriction fragment profiles and through subsequent recovery of 16S rDNA clones. Analysis of bacterial clones revealed that terminal restriction fragment length was often shared between taxonomically dissimilar bacterial types. Consequently, we could not reliably infer the identity of peaks in the bacterial community profile with some exceptions, notably chloroplast rDNA that generated an approximate peak size of 80.2 bp. Fertilization increased the frequency of a Piloderma-like ectomycorrhiza. However, we did not detect clear effects of fertilization or the presence of viable ectomycorrhizas on bacterial communities. Bacterial communities seemed to be determined largely by the carbon and nitrogen content of soil. These results suggest that important soil microbial groups respond differently to soil conditions and management practices, with ectomycorrhizal communities reflecting past nutrient conditions and bacterial communities reflecting current environmental conditions of soil microsites. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH USA. RP Burke, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dburke@esf.edu NR 61 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00125.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 071XC UT WOS:000239636200007 PM 16907755 ER PT J AU Hill, BH Elonen, CM Jicha, TM Cotter, AM Trebitz, AS Danz, NP AF Hill, B. H. Elonen, C. M. Jicha, T. M. Cotter, A. M. Trebitz, A. S. Danz, N. P. TI Sediment microbial enzyme activity as an indicator of nutrient limitation in Great Lakes coastal wetlands SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laurentian Great Lakes; microbial enzymes; nutrients; stoichiometry; wetlands ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; CARBON; AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHATASE; HYDROLOGY AB 1. We compared the extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) of sediment microbial assemblages with sediment and water chemistry, gradients in agricultural nutrient loading (derived from principal component analyses), atmospheric deposition and hydrological turnover time in coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes. 2. There were distinct increases in nutrient concentrations in the water and in atmospheric N deposition along the gradient from Lake Superior to Lake Ontario, but few differences between lakes in sediment carbon (C), nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). Wetland water and sediment chemistry were correlated with the agricultural stress gradient, hydrological turnover time and atmospheric deposition. 3. The N : P ratio of wetland waters and sediments indicated that these coastal wetlands were N-limited. Nutrient stoichiometry was correlated with the agricultural stress gradient, hydrological turnover time and atmospheric deposition. 4. Extracellular enzyme activity was correlated with wetland sediment and water chemistry and stoichiometry, atmospheric N deposition, the agricultural stress gradient and the hydrological turnover time. The ratios of glycosidases to peptidases and phosphatases yielded estimates of nutrient limitation that agreed with those based solely on nutrient chemistry. 5. This study, the first to link microbial enzyme activities to regional-scale anthropogenic stressors, suggests that quantities and ratios of microbial enzymes are directly related to the concentrations and ratios of limiting nutrients, and may be sensitive indicators of nutrient dynamics in wetland ecosystems, but further work is needed to elucidate these relationships. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1670 EP 1683 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01606.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 074FJ UT WOS:000239797800007 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Ground water systems' progress in meeting national drinking water goals SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 44 EP + PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 103VP UT WOS:000241915300002 ER PT J AU Massei, N Wang, HQ Field, MS Dupont, JP Bakalowicz, M Rodet, J AF Massei, N. Wang, H. Q. Field, M. S. Dupont, J. P. Bakalowicz, M. Rodet, J. TI Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing in a conduit-dominated karstic aquifer SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Karst; conduit flow; tracer; breakthrough tailing; dispersivity ID SOUTH-CENTRAL INDIANA; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES; WATERS; GROUNDWATER; DISPERSION; RECHARGE; SPRINGS; SYSTEMS; FRANCE AB Breakthrough tailing has been observed during dye-tracing recovery tests in the Norville aquifer system (chalk), France. Karst-conduit flow and transport parameters were assessed using two different interpretative methods: the linear graphical method and the Chatwin method (implemented in the Qtracer2 program). The linear graphical method was used to model the observed tailing effects, which was explained by a second smaller delayed breakthrough curve. By comparing the results of tracer-test interpretation for the two methods, it was possible to relate the area of this second curve to the importance of turbulent flow in spring discharge. The more turbulent the flow, the less important the contribution of the second breakthrough curve and the tailing effect. The observed tailing could possibly be controlled by hydrodynamics to a greater extent than usually expected, the tailing effects being mostly attributed to diffusion phenomena. Tailing effects were expected to increase with discharge and the piezometric level, which would have resulted in overpressure in conduits, fissure flooding, etc. Instead, breakthrough tailing tended to disappear with increasing aquifer discharge, which would support the hypothesis of there being mostly hydrodynamic-controlled tailing effects instead of matrix- or fissure-diffusion. C1 Univ Rouen, Dept Geol, UMR 6143, CNRS, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. Univ Havre, Lab Mecan Phys & Geosci, F-76058 Le Havre, France. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. RP Massei, N (reprint author), Univ Rouen, Dept Geol, UMR 6143, CNRS, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. EM nicolas.massei@univ-rouen.fr OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s10040-005-0010-3 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 092NJ UT WOS:000241103800001 ER PT J AU Chandrasekar, S Sorial, GA Weaver, JW AF Chandrasekar, Subhashini Sorial, George A. Weaver, James W. TI Dispersant effectiveness on oil spills - impact of salinity SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baffled-flask test; dispersant; dispersant effectiveness; environmental factors; oil remediation; oil spill AB When a dispersant is applied to an oil slick, its effectiveness in dispersing the spilled oil depends on factors such as oil proper-ties, wave-mixing energy, temperature, and salinity of the water. Estuaries represent water with varying salinity, so in this study, three salinity values in the range 10-34 psu were investigated, representing potential salinity concentrations found in typical estuaries. Three oils were chosen to represent light refined oil, light crude oil, and medium crude oil. Each was tested at three weathering levels to represent maximum, medium, and zero weathering. Two dispersants were chosen for evaluation. A modified trypsinizing flask termed a baffled flask was used to conduct the experimental runs. A full factorial experiment was conducted for each oil. The interactions between the effects of salinity and three environmental factors, temperature, oil weathering, and mixing energy, on dispersion effectiveness were investigated. Each experiment was replicated four times in order to evaluate the accuracy of the test. Statistical analyses of the experimental data were performed for each of the three oils independently for each dispersant treatment (two dispersants and oil controls). A linear regression model representing the main factors (salinity, temperature, oil weathering, flask speed) and second-order interactions among the factors was fitted to the experimental data. Salinity played an important role in determining the significance of temperature and mixing energy on dispersant effectiveness for almost all the oil-dispersant combinations. The impact of salinity at different weathering was only significant for light crude oil with dispersant A. (c) 2006 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1418 EP 1430 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.019 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 084OP UT WOS:000240543100005 ER PT J AU Fleming, JS Quint, M Bolt, L Martonen, TB Conway, JH AF Fleming, John S. Quint, Matthew Bolt, Livia Martonen, Ted B. Conway, Joy H. TI Comparison of SPECT aerosol deposition data with twenty-four-hour clearance measurements SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Aerosols-in-Medicine CY MAR 14-18, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Aerosols Med DE aerosol deposition measurement; radionuclide imaging; twenty-four-hour clearance ID AIRWAY GENERATION; LUNG DEPOSITION; MODEL; SCINTIGRAPHY; PLANAR AB Three-dimensional (313) radionuclide imaging provides detailed information on the distribution of inhaled aerosol material within the body. Analysis of the data,can provide estimates of the deposition per airway generation. Information on regional distribution of deposited aerosol can also be obtained from 24-hour clearance measurements. In this study, a nebulizer was used to deliver a radiolabeled aerosol to nine human subjects. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to assess the distribution of aerosol deposition per airway generation. The deposition pattern was also estimated using measurements of the aerosol remaining in the lung 24 h after inhalation. The error in the SPECT value was assessed by simulation and that in the 24-h clearance value by repeat analysis. The mean fraction of lung deposition in the conducting airway (CADF) from SPECT was 0.21. The corresponding 24-h clearance value was 0.23. These values were not significantly different. There was a weak but non-significant correlation between the SPECT and 24-h measurements (r = 0.49). The standard error of the difference was 0.11. The corresponding errors on the SPECT and 24-h clearance measurements were 0.04 and 0.05, respectively. There was no systematic difference between the values of conducting airways deposition obtained from 24-h measurements and SPECT. However, there were random differences on individual subjects, which were larger than the estimated measurement errors. C1 Southampton Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Med Phys & Bioengn, Southampton, Hants, England. St Marys Hosp, Dept Physiotherapy, Portsmouth PO3 6AQ, Hants, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Hlth Profess & Rehabil Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Fleming, JS (reprint author), Southampton Gen Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. EM john.fleming@suht.swest.nhs.uk OI Conway, Joy/0000-0001-6464-1526 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1089/jam.2006.19.261 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 099LO UT WOS:000241596300004 PM 17034302 ER PT J AU Fleming, JS Epps, BP Conway, JH Martonen, TB AF Fleming, John S. Epps, Ben P. Conway, Joy H. Martonen, Ted B. TI Comparison of SPECT aerosol deposition data with a human respiratory tract model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Aerosols-in-Medicine CY MAR 14-18, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Aerosols Med DE aerosol deposition assessment; radionuclide imaging; empirical modelling ID AIRWAY GENERATION; CT IMAGES; PULMONARY DEPOSITION; GAMMA-SCINTIGRAPHY; LUNG DEPOSITION; INHALED AEROSOL; SIMULATION; PLANAR; QUANTIFICATION; PARTICLES AB Three-dimensional (3D) radionuclide imaging provides detailed information on the distribution of inhaled aerosol material within the body. Analysis of the data can provide estimates of the deposition per airway generation. In this study, two different nebulizers have been used to deliver radiolabeled aerosols of different particle size to 12 human subjects. Medical imaging has been used to assess the deposition in the body. The deposition pattern has also been estimated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) empirical model and compared to values obtained by experiment. The results showed generally good agreement between model and experiment for both aerosols for the deposition in the extrathoracic and conducting airways. However, there were significant differences in the fate of the remainder of the aerosol between the amount deposited in the alveolar region and that exhaled. The inter-subject variability of deposition predicted by the model was significantly less than that measured, for all regions of the body. The model predicted quite well the differences in deposition distribution pattern between the two aerosols. In conclusion, this study has shown that the ICPR model of inhaled aerosol deposition shows areas of good agreement with results from experiment. However, there are also areas of disagreement, which may be explained by hygroscopic particle growth and individual variation in airway anatomy. C1 Southampton Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Med Phys & Bioengn, Southampton, Hants, England. Univ Hosp N Staffordshire NHS Trust, Dept Phys Med, Stoke On Trent, Staffs, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Hlth Profess & Rehabil Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Expt Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fleming, JS (reprint author), Southampton Gen Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. EM john.fleming@suht.swest.nhs.uk OI Conway, Joy/0000-0001-6464-1526 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1089/jam.2006.19.268 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 099LO UT WOS:000241596300005 PM 17034303 ER PT J AU Isaacs, KK Schlesinger, RB Martonen, TB AF Isaacs, Kristin K. Schlesinger, R. B. Martonen, Ted B. TI Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of particle deposition in the tracheobronchial tree SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Aerosols-in-Medicine CY MAR 14-18, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Aerosols Med DE computational fluid-dynamics; particle deposition; trachea ID AIR-FLOW; MODEL; AIRWAYS; TUMORS; LUNGS AB Simulation of the dynamics and disposition of inhaled particles within human lungs is an invaluable tool in both the development of inhaled pharmacologic drugs and the risk assessment of, environmental particulate matter (PM). The goal of the present focused study was to assess the utility of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in studying the,local deposition patterns of PM in respiratory airways. CFD models were validated using data: from published experimental studies in human lung casts. The ability of CFD to appropriately simulate trends in deposition patterns due to changing ventilatory conditions was specifically addressed. CFD simulations of airflow and particle motion were performed in a model of the trachea and main bronchi using Fluent Inc.'s FIDAP CFD software. Particle diameters of 8 mu m were considered for input flow rates of 15 and 60 L/min. CFD was able, to reproduce the observed spatial heterogeneities of deposition within the modeled bifurcations, and correctly predicted the "'hot-spots" of particle deposition on carinal ridges. The CFD methods also predicted observed differences in deposition for high-versus-low flow rates. CFD models may provide an efficient means of studying the complex effects of airway geometry, particle characteristics, and ventilatory parameters on particle deposition and therefore aid in the design of human subject experiments. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Pace Univ, Dept Biol & Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10038 USA. CyberMed Inc, Laguna Beach, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Isaacs, KK (reprint author), POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kristin_isaacs@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1089/jam.2006.19.344 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 099LO UT WOS:000241596300011 PM 17034309 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Hamilton, MA AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Hamilton, Martin A. TI Modification to the AOAC sporicidal activity of disinfectants test (Method 966.04): Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LIQUID CHEMICAL GERMICIDES; PAIRED DATA; PROPORTIONS; DIFFERENCE; CARRIER AB In an effort to improve AOAC Method 966.04, the Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants Test, selected modifications to the procedure were evaluated in a collaborative study. Method 966.04 is used to generate efficacy data to support the product registration of sporicides and sterilants. The method is a carrier-based test that provides a qualitative measure of product efficacy against spores of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes. The use of garden soil extract and the lack of standard procedures for the enumeration of spores and neutralization of the test chemicals have been considered problematic for many years. The proposed modifications were limited to the B. subtilis and hard surface carrier (porcelain penicylinder) components of the method. The study included the evaluation of a replacement for soil extract nutrient broth and an establishment of a minimum spore titer per carrier, both considered crucial for the improvement and utilization of the method. Additionally, an alternative hard surface material and a neutralization confirmation procedure were evaluated. To determine the equivalence of the proposed alternatives to the standard method, 3 medium/carrier combinations, (1) soil extract nutrient broth/porcelain carrier (current method), (2) nutrient agar amended with 5 mu g/mL manganese sulfate/porcelain carrier, and (3) nutrient agar amended with 5 mu g/mL manganese sulfate/stainless steel carrier were analyzed for carrier counts, HCI resistance, efficacy, quantitative efficacy, and spore wash-off. The test. chemicals used in the study represent 3 chemical classes and are commercially available antimicrobial liquid products: sodium hypochlorite (bleach), glutaraldehyde, and a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Four laboratories participated in the study. The results of the spore titer per carrier, HCI resistance, efficacy, and wash-off studies demonstrate that amended nutrient agar in conjunction with the porcelain is comparable to the current method, soil extract nutrient broth/porcelain. The nutrient agar method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and provides an ample supply of high quality spores. Due to the current use of porcelain carriers for testing C. sporogenes, it is advisable to retain the use of porcelain carriers until stainless steel can be evaluated as a replacement carrier material for Clostridium. The evaluation of stainless steel for Clostridium has been initiated by the Study Director. Study Director recommendations for First Action revisions are provided in a modified method. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticida Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticida Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM tomasino.stephen@epa.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1373 EP 1397 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 089MB UT WOS:000240883600022 PM 17042190 ER PT J AU Flynt, E Dupuy, A Kennedy, C Bennett, S AF Flynt, Elizabeth Dupuy, Aubry, Jr. Kennedy, Charles Bennett, Shanda TI Solid-phase microextraction of organophosphate pesticides in source waters for drinking water treatment facilities SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FIBERS; DESORPTION C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div,Environm Chem Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Flynt, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div,Environm Chem Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM purmahia@udc.es NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 484 EP 488 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 084GM UT WOS:000240520600003 PM 16959124 ER PT J AU Helweg, OJ Orlins, J Bucks, D Murray, R Trueman, D Walton, R AF Helweg, Otto J. Orlins, Joseph Bucks, Dale Murray, Regan Trueman, David Walton, Raymond TI Research needs in water resources and environment: A panel discussion SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Living Water Int, Maumelle, AR 72113 USA. Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. USDA, GWCC, BLTSVL, Beltsville, MD 20702 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Resource Management Div, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. WEST Consultants Inc, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. RP Helweg, OJ (reprint author), Living Water Int, 160 Marseille Dr, Maumelle, AR 72113 USA. EM OttoJ@Helweg.com; Orlins@rowan.edu; dab@ars.usda.gov; murray.regan@epa.gov; dtrueman@uc.usbr.gov; rwalton@westconsultants.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:5(387) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 077CP UT WOS:000240005600001 ER PT J AU Affara, NI Schanbacher, BL Pei, P Mallery, SR Trempus, CS Bauer, JA Robertson, FM AF Affara, Nesrine I. Schanbacher, Brandon L. Pei, Ping Mallery, Susan R. Trempus, Carol S. Bauer, John A. Robertson, Fredika M. TI Similarities of akt activation in cutaneous wound repair and skin carcinogenesis SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Affara, Nesrine I.; Robertson, Fredika M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Virol Immunol & Med Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schanbacher, Brandon L.] Columbus Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Cardiovasc Pharmacol, Columbus, OH USA. [Pei, Ping; Mallery, Susan R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Oral Pathol & Peri, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Trempus, Carol S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0024 J9 J INVEST DERM SYMP P JI J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 265JV UT WOS:000253355800021 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ d'Hellencourt, CL Wine, R Aoyama, M AF Harry, G. J. d'Hellencourt, C. Lefebvre Wine, R. Aoyama, M. TI Differential vulnerability of hippocampal neurons: Relationship of tumor necrosis factor and glia in chemical-induced injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Conference of Neuroimmunology CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Nagoya, JAPAN C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 178 SU 1 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 099YG UT WOS:000241633100262 ER PT J AU Aoyama, M Grissom, SF Gohlke, J Harry, GJ AF Aoyama, Mineyoshi Grissom, Sherry F. Gohlke, Julia Harry, G. Jean TI Age and injury-related molecular profiling of the subgranular zone (SGZ) in CD1 mice: Contribution to hippocampal injury-induced neurogenesis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Conference of Neuroimmunology CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Nagoya, JAPAN C1 Natl Inst Hlth, DHHS, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 178 SU 1 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 099YG UT WOS:000241633101401 ER PT J AU Lu, T Ye, D Wang, XL Seubert, JM Graves, JP Bradbury, JA Zeldin, DC Lee, HC AF Lu, Tong Ye, Dan Wang, Xiaoli Seubert, John M. Graves, Joan P. Bradbury, J. Alyce Zeldin, Darryl C. Lee, Hon-Chi TI Cardiac and vascular K(ATP) channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON LA English DT Article ID PIG VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; GUINEA-PIG; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; 11,12-EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACID; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; CORONARY-ARTERIES; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYPERPOLARIZING FACTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB We have reported that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), are potent sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel activators. However, activation of cardiac and vascular K(ATP) channels by endogenously produced EETs under physiological intracellular conditions has not been demonstrated and direct comparison of the mechanisms whereby EETs activate the K(ATP) channels in cardiac myocytes versus vascular smooth muscle cells has not been made. In this study, we examined the effects of AA on K(ATP) channels in freshly isolated cardiac myocytes from rats, wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice overexpressing CYP2J2 cDNA, and mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells from rats. We also compared the activation of cardiac and vascular K(ATP) channels by extracellularly and intracellularly applied 11,12-EET. We found that 1 mu m AA enhanced K(ATP) channel activities in both cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, and the AA effects were inhibited by preincubation with CYP epoxygenase inhibitors. Baseline cardiac K(ATP) current densities in CYP2J2 transgenic mice were 190% higher than those of WT mice, and both were reduced to similar levels by CYP epoxygenase inhibition. Western blot analysis showed that expression of Kir6.2 and SUR2A was similar between WT and CYP2J2 transgenic hearts. 11,12-EET (5 mu m) applied intracellularly enhanced the K(ATP) currents by 850% in cardiac myocytes, but had no effect in vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast, 11,12-EET (5 mu m) applied extracellularly increased K(ATP) currents by 520% in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells, but by only 209% in cardiac myocytes. Preincubation with 100 mu m m-iodobenzylguanidine or 5 mu m myristoylated PKI amide did not alter the activation of cardiac K(ATP) channels by 5 mu m 11,12-EET, but significantly inhibited activation of vascular K(ATP) channels. Moreover, EET only enhanced the inward component of cardiac K(ATP) currents, but activated both the inward and outward components of vascular K(ATP) currents. Our results indicate that endogenously derived CYP metabolites of AA potently activate cardiac and vascular K(ATP) channels. EETs regulate cardiac electrophysiology and vascular tone by K(ATP) channel activation, albeit through different mechanisms: the cardiac K(ATP) channels are directly activated by EETs, whereas activation of the vascular K(ATP) channels by EETs is protein kinase A dependent. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lee, HC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM lee.honchi@mayo.edu RI Lu, Tong/A-7745-2009 OI Lu, Tong/0000-0002-2393-7643 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R56 HL074180, HL-63754, HL-74180, R01 HL063754, R01 HL074180] NR 70 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3751 J9 J PHYSIOL-LONDON JI J. Physiol.-London PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 575 IS 2 BP 627 EP 644 DI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.113985 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 077DD UT WOS:000240007000031 PM 16793897 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Doby, TA Baugh, JW Brill, ED Ranjithan, SR AF Kumar, Sujay V. Doby, Troy A. Baugh, John W., Jr. Brill, E. Downey Ranjithan, S. Ranji TI Optimal design of redundant water distribution networks using a cluster of workstations SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; water distribution systems; computation; optimization models ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; OPTIMIZATION; RELIABILITY AB A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method for the least-cost design of looped pipe networks for various levels of redundancy is presented in this paper. Redundancy constraints are introduced in the optimization model by considering the number of pipes assumed to be out of service at any one time. Using this approach, trade-off relationships between cost and redundancy are developed. The GA-based approach is computationally intensive, and implementations on a custom fault-tolerant distributed computing framework, called Vitri, are used to satisfy the computational requirements. The design methodology is applied to two water distribution networks of different sizes, and a comparison of the performance of the distributed GAs for the design problems is also presented. We conclude that a GA-based approach to obtaining cost-effective, redundant solutions for the least-cost design of looped pipe networks can be effectively used on a heterogeneous network of nondedicated workstations. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sujay@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov; doby.troy@epamail.epa.gov; jwb@ncsu.edu; brill@ncsu.edu; ranji@ncsu.edu RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 374 EP 384 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:5(374) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 081DP UT WOS:000240297700007 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Bronk, DA AF Hoffman, J. C. Bronk, D. A. TI Interannual variation in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of the Mattaponi River, Virginia SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; ESTUARINE FOOD WEBS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; AMAZON RIVER; FRACTIONATION; PARTICULATE; RATIOS; WATER; DELTA-C-13 AB Seasonal and interannual variation of the stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope composition of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) was measured in the brackish and tidal freshwater regions of the Mattaponi River, a tributary of the York River, Virginia, and a pristine end member on a continuum of anthropogenic modification within Chesapeake Bay. A principal components analysis indicated that seasonal variation was related to physical mixing and river discharge. Freshwater POM had high C : N (> 12), depleted particulate organic carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13(POC), -26 parts per thousand to -30 parts per thousand), and depleted particulate nitrogen isotopic composition (delta N-15(PN), 2-10 parts per thousand) compared to brackish water POM, which had lower C : N and enriched delta C-13(POC) (-24 parts per thousand to -27 parts per thousand) and delta N-15(PN) (7-15 parts per thousand). During high discharge events, the delta C-13(POC) was enriched, the delta N-15(PN) depleted, and the C : N high relative to low discharge periods, indicating a large contribution from terrestrial-derived material. Within tidal freshwater, POM was comprised of humic-rich sediment, vascular plant matter, and phytoplankton produced in situ. Nonconservative mixing behavior was observed. Endogenously produced phytoplankton increased POC concentrations in tidal freshwater and oligohaline portions during base flows. Where estuarine and riverine POM mixed, the isotopic composition of the POM was homogenized, blurring source-specific characters observed upriver and thereby emphasizing the need to characterize the freshwater end member of estuaries carefully in order to identify POM sources. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Hoffman.Joel@epa.gov NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2319 EP 2332 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 086LC UT WOS:000240673800034 ER PT J AU Boufadel, MC Bechtel, RD Weaver, J AF Boufadel, Michel C. Bechtel, Ryan Daniel Weaver, James TI The movement of oil under non-breaking waves SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE oil; transport; non-breaking waves; ocean; Monte Carlo methods ID TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; SURFACE; MODEL AB The combined effects of wave kinematics, turbulent diffusion, and buoyancy on the transport of oil droplets at sea were investigated in this work using random walk techniques in a Monte Carlo framework. Six hundred oil particles were placed at the water surface and tracked for 500 wave periods. A dimensionless formulation was presented that allowed reporting distances in terms of the wave length and times in terms of the wave period. Stokes' drift was, expectedly, the major mechanism for horizontal transport. It was also found that plumes that have large terminal rise velocities move faster forward but spread less than those that have small terminal rise velocities. The increase in wave slope (or wave steepness) caused an increase in transport and spreading of the plume. Our results supported treating the oil as completely mixed vertically in a layer near the surface. In the horizontal direction, buoyant plumes had spreading coefficients that are essentially constant after about 200 wave periods. But neutrally buoyant plumes had horizontal spreading coefficients that increased with time (for the simulation time of 500 wave periods). Techniques for generalizing the results for a wide range of wave parameters were presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 094PW UT WOS:000241252500017 PM 16554074 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MG King, J Burgess, RM AF Cantwell, Mark G. King, John Burgess, R. M. TI Temporal trends of Aroclor 1268 in the Taunton River estuary: Evidence of early production, use and release to the environment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; SEDIMENTS; BAY C1 US EPA, Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab,Atlantic Ecol, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cantwell, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab,Atlantic Ecol, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cantwell.mark@epa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 094PW UT WOS:000241252500024 PM 16837013 ER PT J AU Stern, MC Conway, K Li, Y Mistry, K Taylor, JA AF Stern, Mariana C. Conway, Kathleen Li, Yu Mistry, Kusum Taylor, Jack A. TI DNA repair gene polymorphisms and probability of p53 mutation in bladder cancer SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE p53; epidemiology; bladder cancer; polymorphism ID XRCC1 POLYMORPHISMS; 399GLN POLYMORPHISM; LUNG-CANCER; XPD; SMOKING; RISK; ADDUCTS; FREQUENCY; CELLS; EXPOSURE AB We investigated if the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XRCC1, XRCC3, and XPD genes were associated with the type and frequency of p53 mutations in bladder cancer. Using a hospital-based case-control study we have previously reported risks for the XRCC1 codon 194, XRCC1 codon 399, XRCC3 codon 241, and XPD codon 751 SNPs [1-3]. We have also previously reported mutation data for 149 cases from this study who were screened for mutations in exons 4 through 9 of the p53 gene [4]. Here we investigate possible associations between the DNA repair SNPs mentioned above and the presence of p53 mutations by comparing the frequency of each genotype between p53 mutation positive and negative cases. We also considered different classes of p53 mutations, including any mutation (nonsense, missense or silent), transversions and transitions and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) for these associations. Cases with the XRCC1 codon 399 GIn/GIn genotype were positively associated with the presence of p53 transversions (OR= 4.8; 94% Cl=0.8-30). Cases with the XPD codon 751 Gln/Gln genotype were positively associated with the presence of p53 transitions (OR=2.8; 95% Cl=0.8-9.3), in particular G:C-A:T transitions (OR=3.7; 95% Cl=1.1-13). Our data provide some limited support for the hypothesis that mutations in the p53 gene in bladder cancer may differ according to the presence or absence of certain DNA repair gene variants. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol & Genet Epidemiol Grp, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol & Genet Epidemiol Grp, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 BP 715 EP 719 DI 10.1002/mc.20210 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 081OL UT WOS:000240326800010 PM 16652373 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Reitzel, AM Finnerty, JR AF Darling, John A. Reitzel, Adam M. Finnerty, John R. TI Characterization of microsatellite loci in the widely introduced estuarine anemone Nematostella vectensis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Cnidaria; introduced species; microsatellite; Nematostella vectensis ID COMPLEX MUTATIONS AB We characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from Nematostella vectensis, a burrowing anemone recently introduced to estuaries along the Pacific coast of North America and the southeast coast of England. Preliminary results indicate high variability and significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the latter likely the result of population genetic structure and reproductive plasticity. Both results are consistent with earlier genetic analyses. These markers will be useful for resolving global patterns of introduction and for describing spatio-temporal genetic structure at local and regional scales. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, 27 W Martin Luther King Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM darling.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Finnerty, John/B-6564-2011 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 803 EP 805 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01350.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600067 ER PT J AU Dix, DJ Gallagher, K Benson, WH Groskinsky, BL McClintock, JT Dearfield, KL Farland, WH AF Dix, David J. Gallagher, Kathryn Benson, William H. Groskinsky, Brenda L. McClintock, J. Thomas Dearfield, Kerry L. Farland, William H. TI A framework for the use of genomics data at the EPA SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov NR 5 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1111 DI 10.1038/nbt0906-1108 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 083YK UT WOS:000240495200030 PM 16964223 ER PT J AU Shi, LM Reid, LH Jones, WD Shippy, R Warrington, JA Baker, SC Collins, PJ de Longueville, F Kawasaki, ES Lee, KY Luo, YL Sun, YMA Willey, JC Setterquist, RA Fischer, GM Tong, WD Dragan, YP Dix, DJ Frueh, FW Goodsaid, FM Herman, D Jensen, RV Johnson, CD Lobenhofer, EK Puri, RK Scherf, U Thierry-Mieg, J Wang, C Wilson, M Wolber, PK Zhang, L Amur, S Bao, WJ Barbacioru, CC Lucas, AB Bertholet, V Boysen, C Bromley, B Brown, D Brunner, A Canales, R Cao, XXM Cebula, TA Chen, JJ Cheng, J Chu, TM Chudin, E Corson, J Corton, JC Croner, LJ Davies, C Davison, TS Delenstarr, G Deng, XT Dorris, D Eklund, AC Fan, XH Fang, H Fulmer-Smentek, S Fuscoe, JC Gallagher, K Ge, WG Guo, L Guo, X Hager, J Haje, PK Han, J Han, T Harbottle, HC Harris, SC Hatchwell, E Hauser, CA Hester, S Hong, HX Hurban, P Jackson, SA Ji, HL Knight, CR Kuo, WP LeClerc, JE Levy, S Li, QZ Liu, CM Liu, Y Lombardi, MJ Ma, YQ Magnuson, SR Maqsodi, B McDaniel, T Mei, N Myklebost, O Ning, BT Novoradovskaya, N Orr, MS Osborn, TW Papallo, A Patterson, TA Perkins, RG Peters, EH Peterson, R Philips, KL Pine, PS Pusztai, L Qian, F Ren, HZ Rosen, M Rosenzweig, BA Samaha, RR Schena, M Schroth, GP Shchegrova, S Smith, DD Staedtler, F Su, ZQ Sun, HM Szallasi, Z Tezak, Z Thierry-Mieg, D Thompson, KL Tikhonova, I Turpaz, Y Vallanat, B Van, C Walker, SJ Wang, SJ Wang, YH Wolfinger, R Wong, A Wu, J Xiao, CL Xie, Q Xu, J Yang, W Zhang, L Zhong, S Zong, YP Slikker, W AF Shi, Leming Reid, Laura H. Jones, Wendell D. Shippy, Richard Warrington, Janet A. Baker, Shawn C. Collins, Patrick J. de Longueville, Francoise Kawasaki, Ernest S. Lee, Kathleen Y. Luo, Yuling Sun, Yongming Andrew Willey, James C. Setterquist, Robert A. Fischer, Gavin M. Tong, Weida Dragan, Yvonne P. Dix, David J. Frueh, Felix W. Goodsaid, Federico M. Herman, Damir Jensen, Roderick V. Johnson, Charles D. Lobenhofer, Edward K. Puri, Raj K. Scherf, Uwe Thierry-Mieg, Jean Wang, Charles Wilson, Mike Wolber, Paul K. Zhang, Lu Amur, Shashi Bao, Wenjun Barbacioru, Catalin C. Lucas, Anne Bergstrom Bertholet, Vincent Boysen, Cecilie Bromley, Bud Brown, Donna Brunner, Alan Canales, Roger Cao, Xiaoxi Megan Cebula, Thomas A. Chen, James J. Cheng, Jing Chu, Tzu-Ming Chudin, Eugene Corson, John Corton, J. Christopher Croner, Lisa J. Davies, Christopher Davison, Timothy S. Delenstarr, Glenda Deng, Xutao Dorris, David Eklund, Aron C. Fan, Xiao-hui Fang, Hong Fulmer-Smentek, Stephanie Fuscoe, James C. Gallagher, Kathryn Ge, Weigong Guo, Lei Guo, Xu Hager, Janet Haje, Paul K. Han, Jing Han, Tao Harbottle, Heather C. Harris, Stephen C. Hatchwell, Eli Hauser, Craig A. Hester, Susan Hong, Huixiao Hurban, Patrick Jackson, Scott A. Ji, Hanlee Knight, Charles R. Kuo, Winston P. LeClerc, J. Eugene Levy, Shawn Li, Quan-Zhen Liu, Chunmei Liu, Ying Lombardi, Michael J. Ma, Yunqing Magnuson, Scott R. Maqsodi, Botoul McDaniel, Tim Mei, Nan Myklebost, Ola Ning, Baitang Novoradovskaya, Natalia Orr, Michael S. Osborn, Terry W. Papallo, Adam Patterson, Tucker A. Perkins, Roger G. Peters, Elizabeth H. Peterson, Ron Philips, Kenneth L. Pine, P. Scott Pusztai, Lajos Qian, Feng Ren, Hongzu Rosen, Mitch Rosenzweig, Barry A. Samaha, Raymond R. Schena, Mark Schroth, Gary P. Shchegrova, Svetlana Smith, Dave D. Staedtler, Frank Su, Zhenqiang Sun, Hongmei Szallasi, Zoltan Tezak, Zivana Thierry-Mieg, Danielle Thompson, Karol L. Tikhonova, Irina Turpaz, Yaron Vallanat, Beena Van, Christophe Walker, Stephen J. Wang, Sue Jane Wang, Yonghong Wolfinger, Russ Wong, Alex Wu, Jie Xiao, Chunlin Xie, Qian Xu, Jun Yang, Wen Zhang, Liang Zhong, Sheng Zong, Yaping Slikker, William, Jr. CA MAQC Consortium TI The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project shows inter- and intraplatform reproducibility of gene expression measurements SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL RNA CONTROLS; PLATFORM CONSISTENCY; PERFORMANCE; CANCER; COMPARABILITY; GENOMICS AB Over the last decade, the introduction of microarray technology has had a profound impact on gene expression research. The publication of studies with dissimilar or altogether contradictory results, obtained using different microarray platforms to analyze identical RNA samples, has raised concerns about the reliability of this technology. The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project was initiated to address these concerns, as well as other performance and data analysis issues. Expression data on four titration pools from two distinct reference RNA samples were generated at multiple test sites using a variety of microarray-based and alternative technology platforms. Here we describe the experimental design and probe mapping efforts behind the MAQC project. We show intraplatform consistency across test sites as well as a high level of interplatform concordance in terms of genes identified as differentially expressed. This study provides a resource that represents an important first step toward establishing a framework for the use of microarrays in clinical and regulatory settings. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Express Anal Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. GE Healthcare, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Illuminia Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Eppendorf Array Technol, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. NCI, Ctr Adv Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Panomics Inc, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. Med Univ Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Ambion, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Stratagene Corp, La Jolla, CA 92130 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Asuragen Inc, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Cogenics, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Solexa Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. ViaLogy Corp, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. Operon Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Z Tech Corp, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. CapitalBio Corp, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA 92122 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Yale Univ, WM Keck Biotechnol Resource Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. TeleChem Arraylt, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Gene Express Inc, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. GenUs BioSyst Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. Natl Hosp Norway, Radium Hosp Hlth Ctr, Norwegian Microarray Consortium, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Novartis, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Breast Med Oncol Dept, Unit 1354, Houston, TX 77230 USA. Luminex Corp, Austin, TX 78727 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Informat Program,Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Tech, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Full Moon Biosyst Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Shi, LM (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM leming.shi@fda.hhs.gov RI Guo, Lei/E-9232-2011; Myklebost, Ola/E-9335-2010; mei, nan/E-8915-2011; Su, Zhenqiang/H-3914-2012; THIERRY-MIEG, Jean/F-1975-2017; OI Myklebost, Ola/0000-0002-2866-3223; mei, nan/0000-0002-3501-9014; THIERRY-MIEG, Jean/0000-0002-0396-6789; Szallasi, Zoltan/0000-0001-5395-7509; Johnson, Charles/0000-0003-3892-7082; Eklund, Aron Charles/0000-0003-0861-1001; Croner, Lisa/0000-0002-3921-1484 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 LM999999] NR 41 TC 1187 Z9 1242 U1 7 U2 84 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1151 EP 1161 DI 10.1038/nbt1239 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 083YK UT WOS:000240495200036 PM 16964229 ER PT J AU Schmechel, DE Browndyke, J Ghio, A AF Schmechel, Donald E. Browndyke, Jeffrey Ghio, Andrew TI Strategies for dissecting genetic-environmental interactions in neurodegenerative disorders SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE APOE; hemochromatosis; alpha-1-antitrypsin; Alzheimer disease; anxiety disorders; bipolar disorders ID ONSET ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; PHASE PROTEIN ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN; QUALITY STANDARDS SUBCOMMITTEE; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR IRON; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ACADEMY-OF-NEUROLOGY; AMYLOID-BETA-PEPTIDE; FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY AB Complex genetic and environmental interactions contribute to abnormal aging and neurodegenerative disorders. We present information from a series of 1136 consecutive patients presenting with cognitive disorders and show possible significant contribution of toxic environmental and occupational exposures to pathological aging (21% of patients) and interactions of these exposures with common polymorphisms that affect cell injury and inflammation. Such exposures may lower age of onset to same degree as APOE4/4. Common polymorphisms in apolipoprotein E (APOE), hemochromatosis gene (Hfe) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) are present in up to 40+% of patients and may partially account for differences in clinical syndrome, age of onset and rate of progression. Strategies for the study of these disorders must also consider the role and treatment of common co-morbid illnesses such as alcohol use, nutritional deficiencies, sleep disorders, and pre-existing affective disorder. APOE, Hfe, and AAT genes are expressed in liver tissue and in macrophages and are involved in the host innate immune response to stress, inflammation and infections. Hfe and AAT are involved in iron metabolism and their polymorphisms may contribute to hepatosteatosis and altered homeostasis of lipids (role of APOE), iron, and trace minerals. Some of these responses may be adaptive. We and AAT modulate the apparent effects of toxic exposures on age of onset and progression rate. C282Y polymorphism paradoxically reverses APOE4/4 effect on age of onset. S and Z AAT polymorphisms may attenuate earlier age of onset in persons with toxic or environmental exposure. AAT S or Z polymorphisms are present in 25% of persons with anxiety disorder and 42% of persons with bipolar disorder compared to 10% of control group without pre-existing affective disorder. Common genetic polymorphisms that affect the response to inflammation and cell injury provide a beginning strategy for dissecting neurodegenerative disorders. The effects of APOE, Hfe, and AAT on glucose, lipid, iron and trace mineral homeostasis may affect normal development and aging of the nervous system in addition to their effects on outcome of toxic environmental and occupational exposures and susceptibility and outcome of neurodegenerative illnesses. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer Dis Res Ctr, Dept Med Neurol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer Dis Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Human Hlth Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Schmechel, DE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer Dis Res Ctr, Dept Med Neurol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM don.schmechel@gmail.com OI Browndyke, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8573-7073 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 05128] NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 637 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.021 PG 21 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800002 PM 16870258 ER PT J AU Oxendine, SL Cowden, J Hinton, DE Padilla, S AF Oxendine, Sharon L. Cowden, John Hinton, David E. Padilla, Stephanie TI Adapting the Medaka embryo assay to a high-throughput approach for developmental toxicity testing SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE Medaka; high-throughput; DMSO; development toxicity; gestation; 96-well microtiter plate; embryo ID ORYZIAS-LATIPES; JAPANESE MEDAKA; FISH; EXPOSURE; DMSO; SOLVENTS; STRESS; EGGS AB Chemical exposure during embryonic development may cause persistent effects, yet developmental toxicity data exist for very few chemicals. Current testing procedures are time consuming and costly, underlining the need for rapid and low cost screening strategies. While in vitro methods are useful for screening, these methods do not replicate all the intricacies of embryonic development and should ideally be complemented by an in vivo screening strategy. In this study, we modify a medaka fish embryo assay to meet the requirements of high-throughput, developmental toxicant testing in vivo. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) offers several advantages over traditional mammalian model systems, including economic husbandry, high fecundity, and rapid ex utero development. In most studies where fish eggs are exposed to a chemical, the exposure takes place in a common vessel, with many embryos being exposed to the same solution. This type of design is not amenable to high-throughput methodology, does not allow the investigator to follow the same embryo throughout gestation, and may confound statistical analysis of the results. Therefore, we developed a 96-well microtiter plate method to facilitate exposure of individual medaka embryos in single wells and compared this approach to the common vessel method using the industrial solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the test compound. At lower DMSO concentrations (0% or 1%), the 96-well microtiter plate assay replicated results obtained using the common vessel exposure method. There was, however, increased lethality and decreased hatching rate in the bottle-reared embryos treated with the higher DMSO concentrations (5% or 10%). Because the embryos reared in the 96-well microtiter plates never showed increased adverse effects (as compared to the bottle-reared embryos) at any DMSO concentration, we conclude that the 96-well microliter plate assay provides a rapid and efficient alternative for developmental toxicity screens that utilize fish embryos. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Div Environm Sci & Policy, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Neurotoxicol Div, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Oxendine.Sharon@epa.gov; Cowden.john@epa.gov; DHinton@Duke.edu; Padilla.stephanie@epa.gov NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 840 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.02.009 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800022 PM 16620995 ER PT J AU Barton, HA AF Barton, Hugh A. TI PB/PK modeling of early life stages in rodents. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 879 EP 880 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800036 ER PT J AU Conolly, RB AF Conolly, Rory B. TI Inclusion of "omics" data in model development for the nervous system. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 879 EP 879 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800035 ER PT J AU Moser, VC AF Moser, V. C. TI Comparison of the non-additive interactions of an organophosphorus pesticide mixture in adult and preweanling rats. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 US EPA, NTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 899 EP 899 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800083 ER PT J AU Bale, AS Krantz, QT Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Boyes, WK AF Bale, A. S. Krantz, Q. T. Bushnell, P. J. Shafer, T. J. Boyes, W. K. TI Evaluating the NMDA-glutamate receptor as a site of action for toluene using pattern elicited visual evoked potentials. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE visual evoked potential; toluene; NMDA-glutamate receptor C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 908 EP 908 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800103 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Benignus, VA Boyes, WK Shafer, TJ Bale, AS AF Bushnell, P. J. Benignus, V. A. Boyes, W. K. Shafer, T. J. Bale, A. S. TI Use of animal toxicity data to predict acute effects of organic solvents on public health. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE organic solvent; animal-human extrapolation; dose-equivalence C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 912 EP 912 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800113 ER PT J AU Wolansky, MJ Gennings, C Crofton, KM AF Wolansky, M. J. Gennings, C. Crofton, K. M. TI Cumulative risk of pyrethroids: Relative potencies for acute effects on motor function in rats. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE pyrethroid; neurotoxicity; risk C1 CNR, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 912 EP 913 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800114 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Crofton, KM AF Harrill, J. A. Crofton, K. M. TI Deltamethrin induced alterations in the transcription of calcium responsive and immediate early genes in vivo. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE pyrethroids; dose-response; microarray C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 922 EP 923 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800140 ER PT J AU Watkins, JA Meacham, CA Bale, AS Crofton, KM Shafer, T AF Watkins, J. A. Meacham, C. A. Bale, A. S. Crofton, K. M. Shafer, T. J. TI Concentration dependent accumulation of [H-3]-deltamethrin in Xenopus laevis oocytes. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE sodium channel; deltamethrin; Xenopus oocyte C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800139 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA Brodfuehrer, PD Bale, AS Watkins, J Crofton, KM Shafer, TJ AF Meacham, C. A. Brodfuehrer, P. D. Bale, A. S. Watkins, J. Crofton, K. M. Shafer, T. J. TI Adult and juvenille rat sodium channel (Nav1.2 and Nav1.3) sensitivity to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 923 EP 923 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800141 ER PT J AU Oxendine, S Hinton, DE Cowden, J Padilla, S AF Oxendine, S. Hinton, D. E. Cowden, J. Padilla, S. TI Developmental effects of ethanol in the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes): Windows of vulnerability. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 925 EP 925 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800147 ER PT J AU Giddings, R Meacham, CA Bale, AS Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ AF Giddings, R. Meacham, C. A. Bale, A. S. Bushnell, P. J. Shafer, T. J. TI Human alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes are inhibited by trichloroethylene (TCE). SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; trichloroethylene; Xenopus oocyte C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 927 EP 927 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800152 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Oshiro, W Samsam, T Becker, P Mack, C Bushnell, P AF Gordon, C. J. Oshiro, W. Samsam, T. Becker, P. Mack, C. Bushnell, P. TI Hypertensive and tachycardic responses to oral toluene in the rat. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res DE toluene; blood pressure; temperature C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 929 EP 929 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800157 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, RC House, DE AF Shoemaker, Ritchie C. House, Dennis E. TI Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: Time series study, clinical trial and mechanisms SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sick building syndrome; water-damaged buildings; visual contrast sensitivity; cholestyramine; mold; fungi; mycotoxins ID MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM SPORES; BIOTOXIN-ASSOCIATED ILLNESS; INDOOR MOLD CONTAMINATION; POMC-DERIVED PEPTIDES; REGULATORY T-CELLS; ALPHA-MSH AB Occupants of water-damaged buildings (WDBs) with evidence of microbial amplification often describe a syndrome involving multiple organ systems, commonly referred to as "sick building syndrome" (SBS), following chronic exposure to the indoor air. Studies have demonstrated that the indoor air of WDBs often contains a complex mixture of fungi, mycotoxins, bacteria, endotoxins, antigens, lipopolysaccharides, and biologically produced volatile compounds. A case-series study with medical assessments at five time points was conducted to characterize the syndrome after a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted among a group of study participants investigated the efficacy of cholestyramine (CSM) therapy. The general hypothesis of the time series study was that chronic exposure to the indoor air of WDBs is associated with SBS. Consecutive clinical patients were screened for diagnosis of SBS using criteria of exposure potential, symptoms involving at least five organ systems, and the absence of confounding factors. Twenty-eight cases signed voluntary consent forms for participation in the time-series study and provided samples of microbial contaminants from water-damaged areas in the buildings they occupied. Twenty-six participants with a group-mean duration of illness of 11 months completed examinations at all five study time points. Thirteen of those participants also agreed to complete a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Data from Time Point 1 indicated a group-mean of 23 out of 37 symptoms evaluated; and visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), an indicator of neurological function, was abnormally low in all participants. Measurements of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), leptin, alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and pulmonary function were abnormal in 22, 13, 25, 14, 1, and 7 participants, respectively. Following 2 weeks of CSM therapy to enhance toxin elimination rates, measurements at Time Point 2 indicated group-means of 4 symptoms with 65% improvement in VCS at mid-spatial frequency-both statistically significant improvements relative to Time Point 1. Moderate improvements were seen in MMP9, leptin, and VEGF serum levels. The improvements in health status were maintained at Time Point 3 following a 2-week period during which CSNI therapy was suspended and the participants avoid re-exposure to the WDBs. Participants reoccupied the respective WDBs for 3 days without CSM therapy, and all participants reported relapse at Time Point 4. The group-mean number of symptoms increased from 4 at Time Point 2 to 15 and VCS at mid-spatial frequency declined by 42%, both statistically significant differences relative to Time Point 2. Statistically significant differences in the group-mean levels of MM?9 and leptin relative to Time Point 2 were also observed. CSM therapy was reinstated for 2 weeks prior to assessments at Time Point 5. Measurements at Time Point 5 indicated group-means of 3 symptoms and a 69% increase in VCS, both results statistically different from those at Time Points I and 4. Optically corrected Snellen Distance Equivalent visual acuity scores did not vary significantly over the course of the study. Group-mean levels of MMP9 and leptin showed statistically significant improvement at Time Point 5 relative to Time Points I and 4, and the proportion of participants with abnormal VEGF levels was significantly lower at Time Point 5 than at Time Point 1. The number of participants at Time Point 5 with abnormal levels of MMP9, lepti, VEGF, and pulmonary function were 10, 10, 9, and 7, respectively. The level of IgE was not re-measured because of the low incidence of abnormality at Time Point 1, and MSH was not re-measured because previously published data indicated a long time course for NISH improvement. The results from the time series study supported the general study hypothesis that exposure to the indoor air of WDBs is associated with SBS. High levels of MMP9 indicated that exposure to the complex mixture of substances in the indoor air of the WDBs triggered a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. A model describing modes of action along a pathway leading to biotoxin-associated illness is presented to organize current knowledge into testable hypotheses. The model links an inflammatory response with tissue hypoxia, as indicated by abnormal levels of VEGF, and disruption of the proopiomelanocortin pathway in the hypothalamus, as evidenced by abnormalities in leptin and MSH levels. Results from the clinical trial on CSM efficacy indicated highly significant improvement in group-mean number of symptoms and VCS scores relative to baseline in the 7 participants randomly assigned to receive 2 weeks of CSM therapy, but no improvement in the 6 participants assigned. placebo therapy during that time interval. However, those 6 participants also showed a highly significant improvement in group-mean number of symptoms and VCS scores relative to baseline following a subsequent 2-week period of CSM therapy. Because the only known benefit of CSM therapy is to enhance the elimination rates of substances that accumulate in bile by preventing re-absorption during enterohepatic re-circulation, results from the clinical trial also supported the general study hypothesis that SBS is associated with exposure to WDBs because the only relevant function of CSM is to bind and remove toxigenic compounds. Only research that focuses on the signs, symptoms, and biochemical markers of patients with persistent illness following acute and/or chronic exposure to WDBs can further the development of the model describing modes of action in the biotoxin-associated pathway and guide the development of innovative and efficacious therapeutic interventions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Res Biotoxin Associated Illness, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. Chron Fatigue Ctr, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Ctr Res Biotoxin Associated Illness, 500 kt St,Suite 102, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. EM ritchieshoemaker@msn.com NR 117 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 28 IS 5 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.07.003 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 115OG UT WOS:000242743000007 PM 17010568 ER PT J AU Fortune, JM Stith, CM Kissling, GE Burgers, PMJ Kunkel, TA AF Fortune, John M. Stith, Carrie M. Kissling, Grace E. Burgers, Peter M. J. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI RPA and PCNA suppress formation of large deletion errors by yeast DNA polymerase delta SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; REPLICATION FACTOR-C; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ACCESSORY PROTEINS; BASE SUBSTITUTION; III HOLOENZYME; CALF THYMUS; FIDELITY; PROCESSIVITY; MUTATIONS AB In fulfilling its biosynthetic roles in nuclear replication and in several types of repair, DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) is assisted by replication protein A (RPA), the single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex, and by the processivity clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Here we report the effects of these accessory proteins on the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro by yeast pol delta. We show that when RPA and PCNA are included in reactions containing pol delta, rates for single base errors are similar to those generated by pol delta alone, indicating that pol delta itself is by far the prime determinant of fidelity for single base errors. However, the rate of deleting multiple nucleotides between directly repeated sequences is reduced by similar to 10-fold in the presence of either RPA or PCNA, and by >= 90-fold when both proteins are present. We suggest that PCNA and RPA suppress large deletion errors by preventing the primer terminus at a repeat from fraying and/or from relocating and annealing to a downstream repeat. Strong suppression of deletions by PCNA and RPA suggests that they may contribute to the high replication fidelity needed to stably maintain eukaryotic genomes that contain abundant repetitive sequences. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32431, R01 GM032431] NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 34 IS 16 BP 4335 EP 4341 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl403 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 094ZE UT WOS:000241277200008 PM 16936322 ER PT J AU Shannon, MW Best, D Binns, HJ Forman, JA Johnson, CL Karr, CJ Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Roberts, JR Rennels, MB Meissner, HC Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Dennehy, PH Frenck, RW Hall, CB Long, SS McMillan, JA Powell, KR Rubin, LG Saari, TN AF Shannon, Michael W. Best, Dana Binns, Helen J. Forman, Joel A. Johnson, Christine L. Karr, Catherine J. Kim, Janice J. Mazur, Lynnette J. Roberts, James R. Rennels, Margaret B. Meissner, H. Cody Baker, Carol J. Baltimore, Robert S. Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr. Dennehy, Penelope H. Frenck, Robert W., Jr. Hall, Caroline B. Long, Sarah S. McMillan, Julia A. Powell, Keith R. Rubin, Lorry G. Saari, Thomas N. CA Comm Env Hlth Comm Infect Dis TI Chemical-biological terrorism and its impact on children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE chemical terrorism; biological terrorism; emergency preparedness ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; SMALLPOX-VACCINATION; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS; EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS; GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; SEPTEMBER 11TH; PEDIATRICIANS; BIOTERRORISM AB Children remain potential victims of chemical or biological terrorism. In recent years, children have even been specific targets of terrorist acts. Consequently, it is necessary to address the needs that children would face after a terrorist incident. A broad range of public health initiatives have occurred since September 11, 2001. Although the needs of children have been addressed in many of them, in many cases, these initiatives have been inadequate in ensuring the protection of children. In addition, public health and health care system preparedness for terrorism has been broadened to the so-called all-hazards approach, in which response plans for terrorism are blended with plans for a public health or health care system response to unintentional disasters (eg, natural events such as earthquakes or pandemic flu or manmade catastrophes such as a hazardous-materials spill). In response to new principles and programs that have appeared over the last 5 years, this policy statement provides an update of the 2000 policy statement. The roles of both the pediatrician and public health agencies continue to be emphasized; only a coordinated effort by pediatricians and public health can ensure that the needs of children, including emergency protocols in schools or child care centers, decontamination protocols, and mental health interventions, will be successful. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shannon, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1700 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100052 ER PT J AU O'Fallon, LR AF O'Fallon, Liam R. TI Fostering the relationship between environmental health and nursing SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP O'Fallon, LR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, POB 12233,MD EC-21, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ofallon@niehs.nih.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.00576.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 081LQ UT WOS:000240319500001 PM 16961557 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Schweiger, EW Bolgrien, DW AF Angradi, Ted R. Schweiger, E. William Bolgrien, David W. TI Inter-habitat variation in the benthos of the Upper Missouri River (North Dakota, USA): Implications for great river bioassessment SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Great Rivers; Missouri River; benthos; benthic macroinvertebrates; EMAP; backwater; bioassessment ID COMMUNITIES; REACH AB We examined inter-habitat variation in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the 180-km Garrison Reach of the Upper Missouri River, North Dakota (USA) in 2001-2003. The Garrison Reach is unchannelized with a mostly rural setting. Flows are regulated by Garrison Dam. We sampled benthos from three habitats defined a priori: channel, shoreline, and backwater. Benthic assemblages were different in each habitat. Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in assemblage composition ranged from 89% for backwater versus channel habitat to 70% for backwater versus shoreline habitat. There were distinct intra-habitat groups within a priori habitats: channel assemblages included moving-sand assemblages and other-substrate channel assemblages; backwater assemblages included connected (to the river channel) and unconnected backwater assemblages; shorelines assemblages varied between natural (unprotected) and riprap, (rock revetment) shorelines. Abundance and taxa richness were lowest and spatial variability highest for moving-sand channel assemblages. Abundance was highest in backwaters. Taxa richness in backwaters and along channel shorelines were similar. Assemblages in all three habitats were dominated by Nematoda, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. Taxa in these groups comprised at least 80% of mean abundance in all three habitats. Taxa that discriminated among habitats included the psammophilic chironomid Chernovskiia for moving-sand channel substrates versus all other habitats; Hydroptila (Trichoptera) for riprap vs natural shorelines, Aulodrilus (Oligochaeta) for connected versus unconnected backwaters; and Nematoda for backwater versus channel and shoreline versus channel. Based on overlap patterns in benthic assemblages among habitats, we concluded that sampling main channel shorelines should also capture much of the natural and stressor-induced variation in connected backwater and channel habitat exclusive of moving-sand channel habitat. Published in (c) 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 755 EP 773 DI 10.1002/rra.932 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 083TS UT WOS:000240481700003 ER PT J AU Flotemersch, JE Blocksom, K Hutchens, JJ Autrey, BC AF Flotemersch, Joseph E. Blocksom, Karen Hutchens, John J., Jr. Autrey, Bradley C. TI Development of a standardized Large River Bioassessment Protocol (LR-BP) for macroinvertebrate assemblages SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE field method; monitoring; restoration; non-wadeable; laboratory subsampling; reach length; simulations; Monte Carlo ID AUSTRALIAN RIVERS; SAMPLING METHODS; STREAM FISH; PERSPECTIVE; COST; AREA AB Efforts to develop benthic macroinvertebrate sampling protocols for the bioassessment of lotic ecosystems have been focused largely on wadeable systems. As these methods became increasingly refined and accepted, a growing number of monitoring agencies expanded their work and are now developing sampling protocols for non-wadeable large rivers. Large rivers can differ from wadeable streams in many ways that preclude the use of some wadeable stream sampling protocols. Hence, resource managers need clear and consistent large river bioassessment protocols for measuring ecological integrity that are cost effective, logistically feasible, and meet or are adaptable to the multi-purpose sampling needs of researchers and managers. We conducted a study using an experimental macroinvertebrate sampling method that was designed to overcome limitations of several methods currently in use. Our objectives were to: (1) determine the appropriate number of sampling points needed; (2) determine an appropriate laboratory subsample size to use and (3) examine how varying reach length affects assemblage characteristics. For six reaches in each of two large rivers, we sampled the macroinvertebrates of both banks at 12 transects separated by increasingly larger distances using a multi-habitat, semi-quantitative technique. Interpretation of results relied on the values attained for nine benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage metrics. Results from Monte Carlo methods indicated that, using the sampling methods described herein, a representative sample of the assemblage was collected by sampling both banks on 6 transects. Across all sites, we did not observe a consistent relationship between transect spacing (i.e. total reach length) and metric values, indicating that our sampling protocol was relatively robust with respect to variation in reach length. Therefore, flexibility exists that permits the study reach length to be dictated by the spatial scale (e.g. repeating geomorphic units) in question. For those preferring to use a fixed reach length, we recommend that transects be spaced at a minimum of 100 m intervals over a 500 m distance. We recommend that the field method be coupled with a fixed laboratory subsample size of 300 organisms for bioassessment purposes, with the recognition that a subsample size of 500 organisms may be needed to meet the objectives of more rigorous studies. It is likely this approach will over-sample sites of uniform composition, but the goal was to develop a robust sampling protocol that would perform well across sites of differing habitat composition. Possible modifications to the method to streamline its future application in the field are provided. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Flotemersch, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Flotemersch.Joseph@epa.gov NR 46 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1002/rra.935 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 083TS UT WOS:000240481700004 ER PT J AU Angerer, J Bird, MG Burke, TA Doerrer, NG Needham, L Robison, SH Sheldon, L Zenick, H AF Angerer, Jurgen Bird, Michael G. Burke, Thomas A. Doerrer, Nancy G. Needham, Larry Robison, Steven H. Sheldon, Linda Zenick, Hal TI Strategic biomonitoring initiatives: Moving the science forward SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; biomonitoring; risk assessment; exposure assessment; risk assessment ID EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; METHYLEUGENOL; ALKENYLBENZENES; CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURES AB Biomonitoring programs in the United States and Europe demonstrate the vast array of data that are publicly available for the evaluation of exposure trends, identification of susceptible populations, detection of emerging chemical risks, the conduct of epidemiology studies, and evaluation of risk reduction strategies. To cultivate international discussion on these issues, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened a scientific session at its annual meeting in January 2006 on "Integration of Biomonitoring Exposure Data into the Risk Assessment Process." This Forum paper presents perspectives from session speakers on the biomonitoring activities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Research Council Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, the German Commission on Human Biomonitoring, and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Biomonitoring Technical Committee. Speakers noted that better estimates of biological concentrations of substances in the tissues of human populations can be combined with other exposure indices, as well as epidemiological and toxicologic data, to improve risk estimates. With this type of combined data, the potential also exists to define exposure levels at which hazard and risk are of minimal concern. Limitations in interpreting biomonitoring data were discussed, including the need for different criteria for applying biomonitoring data for exposure assessment, risk assessment, risk management, or disease prevention purposes. As efforts and resources are expended to improve the ability to apply biomonitoring exposure data in the risk assessment process, it is equally important to communicate the significance of such data to the public. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoeffer@hesiglobal.org RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl042 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074VI UT WOS:000239839500002 PM 16785253 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Laskey, J Ostby, J AF Gray, Leon Earl, Jr. Laskey, John Ostby, Joseph TI Chronic di-n-butyl phthalate exposure in rats reduces fertility and alters ovarian function during pregnancy in female long Evans hooded rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dibutyl phthalate; female fertility; pregnancy disruptions; ovarian progesterone ID CONTINUOUS BREEDING PROTOCOL; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; ACID ESTERS; WHOLE-OVARY; STEROIDOGENESIS; MALFORMATIONS; DISRUPTION AB Testis function in fetal and peripubertal male rats is disrupted by subchronic exposure to phthalate esters (PEs). In contrast to the male rat, it is generally held that reproduction in female rats is much less sensitive to phthalate-induced disruption. However, the current study demonstrates that oral administration of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) to female Long Evans (LE) hooded rats from weaning, through puberty, mating, and gestation disrupts pregnancy maintenance at dose levels similar to those that affect testis function in male rats. Administration of 500 and 1000 mg DBP/kg/day, but not 250 mg DBP/kg/day, to female LE rats induced midpregnancy abortions. The percentage of females delivering live pups was reduced by more than 50% at 500 mg/kg/day and by 90% at 1000 mg/kg/day in the absence of overt toxicity, whereas the ages at vaginal opening and first estrus, estrous cyclicity, and mating indices (N mated/N paired or N pregnant/N mated) were not significantly affected. On gestational day 13, prior to the stage when litters were being aborted, ex vivo ovarian hormone production was significantly decreased by in vivo DBP treatment at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. These results should be considered when evaluating mechanisms of reproductive toxicity for the PE because it is likely that these reproductive alterations in the female rat arise via a mode of action similar to that operative in male rats. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov NR 24 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl035 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074VI UT WOS:000239839500021 PM 16763070 ER PT J AU Powell, CL Kosyk, O Ross, PK Schoonhoven, R Boysen, G Swenberg, JA Heinloth, AN Boorman, GA Cunningham, ML Paules, RS Rusyn, I AF Powell, Christine L. Kosyk, Oksana Ross, Pamela K. Schoonhoven, Robert Boysen, Gunnar Swenberg, James A. Heinloth, Alexandra N. Boorman, Gary A. Cunningham, Michael L. Paules, Richard S. Rusyn, Ivan TI Phenotypic anchoring of acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress with gene expression profiles in rat liver SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicogenomics; acetaminophen; nitrotyrosine; 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation ID INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; MICE; INHIBITION; TOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY; RADICALS AB Toxicogenomics provides the ability to examine in greater detail the underlying molecular events that precede and accompany toxicity, thus allowing prediction of adverse events at much earlier times compared to classical toxicological end points. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a pharmaceutical that has similar metabolic and toxic responses in rodents and humans. Recent gene expression profiling studies with APAP found an oxidative stress signature at a subtoxic dose that we hypothesized can be phenotypically anchored to conventional biomarkers of oxidative stress. Liver tissue was obtained from experimental animals used to generate microarray data, where male rats were given APAP at subtoxic (150 mg/kg) or overtly toxic (1500 and 2000 mg/kg) doses and sacrificed at 6, 24, or 48 h. Oxidative stress in liver was evaluated by a diverse panel of markers that included assessing expression of base excision repair (BER) genes, quantifying oxidative lesions in genomic DNA, and evaluating protein and lipid oxidation. A subtoxic dose of APAP produced significant accumulation of nitrotyrosine protein adducts. Both subtoxic and toxic doses caused a significant increase in 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) as well as a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content. Only toxic doses of APAP significantly induced expression levels of BER genes. None of the doses examined resulted in a significant increase in the number of abasic sites or in the amount of lipid peroxidation. The accumulation of nitrotyrosine and 8-OH-dG adducts along with reduced GSH content in the liver phenotypically anchors the oxidative stress gene expression signature observed with a subtoxic dose of APAP, lending support to the validity of gene expression studies as a sensitive and biologically meaningful end point in toxicology. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R42-ES11746, K22 ES011660, K22-ES16660, P30 ES010126, P30-ES10126, P42 ES005948, P42-ES05948, R42 ES011746, T32 ES007126, T32-ES07126, U19 ES011391, U19-ES11391] NR 38 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl030 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074VI UT WOS:000239839500024 PM 16751229 ER PT J AU Lu, XX Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH AF Lu, Xiaoxia Wilson, John T. Kampbell, Donald H. TI Relationship between Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water and rates of reductive dechlorination at field scale SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ground water; chlorinated ethylenes; Dehalococcoides DNA; rate constants; reductive clechlorination; natural attenuation ID VINYL-CHLORIDE; DETOXIFICATION; GROWTH AB Certain strains of Dehalococcoides bacteria can dechlorinate chlorinated ethylenes to harmless products. This study was conducted to determine if there is a valid association between the density of Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water and the observed rates of reductive dechlorination at field scale. Dehalococcoides DNA in water from monitoring wells was determined using the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) with DNA primer set specific for Dehalococcoides organisms. Dechlorination rate constants were extracted from field data using the BIOCHLOR software. Of the six conventional plumes surveyed, "generally useful" rates of dechlorination (greater than or equal to 0.3 per year) of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) along the flow path were observed at three sites where Dehalococcoides DNA was detected, and little attenuation of cis-DCE and VC occurred at two sites where Dehalococcoides DNA was not detected. At the two sites where there was no net direction of ground water flow, the relationship between the density of Debalococcoides DNA in ground water and the trend in concentrations of chlorinated ethylenes over time in monitoring wells was not so consistent as that observed for the conventional plumes. A comparison of our study to a field study performed by Lendvay and his coworker indicated that monitoring wells did not efficiently sample the Debalococcoides organisms in the aquifer. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Tenable, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lu, XX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM luxx@pku.edu.cn NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3131 EP 3140 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 088XA UT WOS:000240843200019 PM 16889813 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Tang, J Sey, YM Stanko, JP Murrell, RN Rockett, JC Dix, DJ AF Barton, H. A. Tang, J. Sey, Y. M. Stanko, J. P. Murrell, R. N. Rockett, J. C. Dix, D. J. TI Metabolism of myclobutanil and triadimefon by human and rat cytochrome P450 enzymes and liver microsomes SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; triadimefon; cytochrome P450 (CYP); CYP2C; CYP3A ID IN-VITRO; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; PREDICTION; INDUCTION; BINDING AB Metabolism of two triazole-containing antifungal azoles was studied using expressed human and rat cytochrome P450s (CYP) and liver microsomes. Substrate depletion methods were used due to the complex array of metabolites produced from myclobutanil and triadimefon. Myclobutanil was metabolized more rapidly than triadimefon, which is consistent with metabolism of the n-butyl sidechain in the former and the t-butyl group in the latter compound. Human and rat CYP2C and CYP3A enzymes were the most active. Metabolism was similar in microsomes prepared from livers of control and low-dose rats. High-dose (115 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of triadimefon or 150 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of myclobutanil) rats showed increased liver weight, induction of total CYP, and increased metabolism of the two triazoles, though the apparent K-m appeared unchanged relative to the control. These data identify CYP enzymes important for the metabolization of these two triazoles. Estimated hepatic clearances suggest that CYP induction may have limited impact in vivo. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 793 EP 806 DI 10.1080/00498250600821292 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 093FT UT WOS:000241154200005 PM 16971344 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Robarge, WP Wu, Y Meyers, TP AF Walker, J. T. Robarge, W. P. Wu, Y. Meyers, T. P. TI Measurement of bi-directional ammonia fluxes over soybean using the modified Bowen-ratio technique SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; dry deposition; compensation point; soybean; bi-directional flux ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; COMPENSATION POINT; SURFACE-EXCHANGE; GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; OILSEED RAPE; VEGETATED SURFACES; LOLIUM-PERENNE AB Measurements of bi-directional ammonia (NH3) exchange over a fertilized soybean canopy are presented for an 8-week period during the summer of 2002. The modified Bowen-ratio approach was used to determine fluxes from vertical NH3 and temperature gradients in combination with eddy covariance sensible heat fluxes. The measurement site is located in an area of high NH3 emissions from animal production and fertilizer use. Ambient NH3 concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 43.9 mu g m(-3) (mu = 9.4 mu g m(-3)) during the experiment. The mean flux was -12.3 ng m(-2) s(-1), indicating that the canopy was a net sink for NH3; however, emission fluxes were consistently observed during the late morning and early afternoon. Deposition rates were highest when the canopy was wet (mu = -29.9 ng m(-2) s(-1)). Modeling results suggest that uptake via the leaf cuticle was the dominant deposition process and stomatal uptake only occurred during the first few hours after sunrise when the stomatal resistance and compensation point were low. The average stomatal compensation point was high (chi(s) = 11.5 mu g NH3 m(-3)), primarily due to high daytime temperatures (mu = 29 degrees C). Measured cuticular resistances were large (median R-w = 208 s m(-1)), most likely due to very dry conditions. The average NH3 flux corresponds to a dry-to-wet deposition ratio of 0.44. Median flux error was 51%, which was dominated by uncertainty in the vertical NH3 gradient due to sequential sampling between measurement heights. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; NR 75 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 54 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.011 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079ZQ UT WOS:000240216800005 ER PT J AU Stieglitz, M McKane, RB Klausmeier, CA AF Stieglitz, Marc McKane, Robert B. Klausmeier, Christopher A. TI A simple model for analyzing climatic effects on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen dynamics: An arctic case study SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM NUTRIENT; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; SNOW DISAPPEARANCE; ALASKAN TUNDRA; HIGH-LATITUDES; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST AB We developed a simplified plant-soil model (PSM) composed of four coupled differential equations that simulate the effects of climate change on major stocks and fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we use the model to examine past, present, and future changes in C storage in arctic Alaska, a region undergoing rapid climate change. Model parameters were initialized to simulate the buildup of C and N stocks from the beginning of the current postglacial period (similar to 10,000 years BP) to present-day levels for tussock tundra at Toolik Lake, Alaska. For projected rates of warming during the next century, the model predicts an increase in aboveground plant biomass and a net loss of soil carbon, resulting in almost no net change in total ecosystem C. The simplified model structure serves to clarify several important issues that have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. These issues include altered residence times of C and N in soils and plants, decreased synchrony of above and belowground processes, and the relationship between a model's initial conditions and the ecosystem's trajectory at the point of initialization. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Stieglitz, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM marc.stieglitz@ce.gatech.edu RI Klausmeier, Christopher/J-9339-2012 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 AR GB3016 DI 10.1029/2005GB002603 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 078JX UT WOS:000240100100001 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Adams, PJ Pandis, SN Gilliland, AB AF Pinder, Robert W. Adams, Peter J. Pandis, Spyros N. Gilliland, Alice B. TI Temporally resolved ammonia emission inventories: Current estimates, evaluation tools, and measurement needs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PITTSBURGH AIR-QUALITY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DAIRY-COWS; DEPOSITION; MODEL; SULFATE; PM2.5 AB [ 1] We evaluate the suitability of a three-dimensional chemical transport model ( CTM) as a tool for assessing ammonia emission inventories, calculate the improvement in CTM performance owing to recent advances in temporally varying ammonia emission estimates, and identify the observational data necessary to improve future ammonia emission estimates. We evaluate two advanced approaches to estimating the temporal variation in ammonia emissions: a process-based approach and an inverse-modeled approach. These inventories are used as inputs to a three-dimensional CTM, PMCAM(x). The model predictions of aerosol NH4+ concentration, NHx ( NHx equivalent to NH3 + NH4+) concentration, wet-deposited NH4+ mass flux, and NH4+ precipitation concentration are compared with observations. However, it should be cautioned that errors in model inputs other than the ammonia emissions may bias such comparisons. We estimate the robustness of each of these amodel-measurement comparisons as the ratio of the sensitivity to changes in emissions over the sensitivity to errors in the CTM inputs other than the ammonia emission inventory. We find the NHx concentration to be the only indicator that is sufficiently robust during all time periods. Using this as an indicator, the ammonia emission inventories with diurnal and seasonal variation improve the PMCAMx predictions in the summer and winter. In the United States, future efforts to improve the spatial and temporal accuracy of ammonia emission inventories are limited by a lack of a long-term, widespread network of highly time-resolved NHx measurements. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. EM petera@andrew.cmu.edu RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013; OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X; Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795 NR 41 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D16 AR D16310 DI 10.1029/2005JD006603 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 078KA UT WOS:000240100400001 ER PT J AU Lu, XX Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH AF Lu, Xiaoxia Wilson, John T. Kampbell, Donald H. TI Relationship between geochemical parameters and the occurrence of Dehalococcoides DNA in contaminated aquifers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; COMPETITION; BACTERIUM; HYDROGEN; CULTURE; ETHENE AB Strains of Dehalococcoides are the only microbes known that can completely dechlorinate PCE, TCE, cis-DCE, and vinyl chloride to ethylene. Either naturally occurring strains or bioaugmentation cultures of Dehalococcoides are widely used for in situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater. Naturally occurring strains have an important role in natural attenuation of PCE, TCE, cis-DCE, and vinyl chloride in groundwater. This study evaluated the relationship between selected biogeochemical parameters and the presence of Dehalococcoides DNA in field-scale plumes. A total of 81 monitoring wells were sampled from 15 groundwater plumes at 10 locations across the United States (one sample per monitoring well). The presence of Dehalococcoides DNA was determined with an assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using DNA primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Dehalococcoides. The groundwater samples were also analyzed for concentrations of O-2, NO3-1 plus NO2-1 - N, CH4, H-2, Fe (II), SO4-2, TOC, Cl-1, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and for alkalinity, ORP, electrical conductivity, pH, and temperature. Dehalococcoides DNA was unequivocally detected in 26 wells, most of which exhibited methanogenic conditions. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the distribution of each parameter in water where Dehalococcoides DNA was present to the distribution where Dehalococcoides DNA was absent. The only parameters for which the distributions were different at 95% confidence were NO3-1 plus NO2-1 - N, CH4, and ORP. Using these three statistically significant geochemical parameters as descriptors, a predictive model for the presence of Dehalococcoides DNA was developed using logistic regression with a binary response. Under conditions where data of direct biochemical assay are not available a calculated probability could be used to properly calibrate computer models of natural attenuation. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lu, XX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM luxx@pku.edu.cn NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 8 AR W08427 DI 10.1029/2005WR004283 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 078LG UT WOS:000240103700001 ER PT J AU Jang, M Ghio, AJ Cao, G AF Jang, Myoseon Ghio, Andrew J. Cao, Gang TI Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to secondary organic aerosol coated on magnetic nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-8; PARTICLE; FERROFLUIDS; PRODUCTS; EXTRACTS; GROWTH; FIELD AB Toxicological investigation suggests that exposures to complex secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products can result in adverse health effects in biological systems. However, the mechanism of adverse health effects is not yet understood. One of the major restrictions in studies of health effects of SOA is a particle exposure technique. In this study, we applied an innovative soft targeting technology using magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to deliver SOAs onto target biological systems under a magnetic field. The exploratory exposure technology using MNP was demonstrated for the SOAs created from the reaction of ozone with alpha-pinene in an indoor Teflon film chamber. SOA increased the release of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin-8 by respiratory epithelial cells. These results support that MNP can effectively deliver SOAs to epithelial cells in vitro resulting in a significant biological effects. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jang, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431,Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mjang@email.unc.edu NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.1021/tx0503597 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 075LS UT WOS:000239887100009 PM 16918243 ER PT J AU Ray, AB Selvakumar, A Tafuri, AN AF Ray, Asim B. Selvakumar, Ariamalar Tafuri, Anthony N. TI Removal of selected pollutants from aqueous media by hardwood mulch SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hardwood mulch; heavy metals; toxic organic compounds; sorption; desorption; stormwater runoff ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SORPTION; WOOD AB yGeneric hardwood mulch, usually used for landscaping, was utilized to remove several selected pollutants (heavy metals and toxic organic compounds) typically found in urban stormwater (SW) runoff. The hardwood mulch sorbed all the selected pollutants from a spiked stormwater mixture, including copper (Cu2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr6+), lead (Pb2+), zinc (Zn2+), 1,3 dichlorobenzene (DCB), naphthalene (NP), fluoranthene (FA), butylbenzylphthalate (1313P), and benzo(a)pyrene (13 [a]P). Masses of the pollutants sorbed depended upon the pollutant species, contact time, and initial concentration which varied from 20 to 100%. Sorption rates of the metals, in general, were more rapid than those of the organics; however, mass removals (percent) of the organics, in contrast to those of the metals, were independent of their initial concentrations. With the exception of Cd, percentages (weight) of the metals removed declined as their initial concentrations decreased. None of the sorbed pollutants desorbed to any significant extent upon extended washing with water. It is quite feasible that in the presence of mulch the uptake of these pollutants by the aquatic species will be reduced significantly. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch MS104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Ray, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch MS104, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM ray.asim@epa.gov NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.094 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066LK UT WOS:000239230900009 PM 16431019 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Moyz, TW Zimmerman, JH AF Mottaleb, Mohammad A. Moyz, T. W. Zimmerman, J. H. TI Biotransformation of musk xylene in trout haemoglobin: dose-response and toxicokinetics of musk xylene metabolites haemoglobin adducts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; dose-response; toxicokinetics; Hb adducts; nitro musks; environmental exposure ID HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CARP HEMOGLOBIN; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; NITRO MUSKS; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; GENOTOXICITY; FRAGRANCES; TOXICITY AB Musk xylene (MX) is frequently used as a fragrance in commercial toiletries. Biotransformation of MX into 4-amino-MX (4-AMX) and 2-amino-MX (2-AMX) metabolites in rainbow trout haemoglobin (Hb) has been described. The dose-response relationship and toxicokinetics of the metabolites as adducts in the Hb were determined by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture negative chemical ionization (NCI)-mass spectrometry (MS), and GC-electron ionization (EI)-MS/MS, using selected ion monitoring (SIM). The trout were subjected to a single exposure of 0.010, 0.030, 0.10, and/or 0.30 mg MX/g of fish. Hb samples were collected from exposed and control fish, and analysed subsequent to exposure at intervals of 24, 72, and 168 h. Alkaline hydrolysis released 4-AMX and 2-AMX metabolites from the Hb, and the solutes were extracted into n-hexane. The extracts were preconcentrated and analysed. The presence of the metabolites in the Hb extracts was confirmed based on agreement of similar mass spectral features from NCI/MS and EI-MS/MS spectra, and retention times of the metabolites with standards. The NCI/MS results were used for dose-response and toxicokinetics measurements. For dose-response, the concentrations of adducts of the metabolites increased with dosage, and a maximum adduct formation was observed at 0.10 mg g(-1), beyond which it decreased. The average concentrations of 4-AMX and 2-AMX at a dosage of 0.10 mg g(-1) were 700 and 7.4 ng g(-1), respectively. For toxicokinetics, the concentration of the metabolites in the Hb reached a maximum in the 3 day sample after administration of MX. Further elimination of the metabolites exhibited kinetics with a half-life estimated to be 1-2 days, assuming first-order kinetics. Quantitations were made based on an internal standard and a calibration plot. In control samples, non-hydrolysed Hb, and reagent blank extracts, the metabolites were not detected. The limits of detection for 4-AMX and 2-AMX in the Hb were approximately 1.7 and 1.4 mg L-1, respectively, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 with NCI/MS. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. US EPA, Qual Assurance Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, POB 97348, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM mohammad_mottaleb@baylor.edu RI Zimmerman, John/S-8349-2016 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 10 BP 743 EP 756 DI 10.1080/03067310500489528 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064FZ UT WOS:000239075900004 ER PT J AU Seubert, JM Sinal, CJ Graves, J DeGraff, LM Bradbury, JA Lee, CR Goralski, K Carey, MA Luria, A Newman, JW Hammock, BD Falck, JR Roberts, H Rockman, HA Murphy, E Zeldin, DC AF Seubert, John M. Sinal, Christopher J. Graves, Joan DeGraff, Laura M. Bradbury, J. Alyce Lee, Craig R. Goralski, Kerry Carey, Michelle A. Luria, Ayala Newman, John W. Hammock, Bruce D. Falck, John R. Roberts, Holly Rockman, Howard A. Murphy, Elizabeth Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in postischemic recovery of heart contractile function SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; cytochrome P450; eicosanoid; ischemia/reperfusion ID EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACID METABOLISM; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE; CA2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS; RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CORONARY-ARTERIES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CYTOCHROME-P450; INHIBITION AB Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which are converted to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (Ephx2, sEH). To examine the functional role of sEH in the heart, mice with targeted disruption of the Ephx2 gene were studied. Hearts from sEH null mice have undetectable levels of sEH mRNA and protein and cannot convert EETs to DHETs. sEH null mice have normal heart anatomy and basal contractile function, but have higher fatty acid epoxide: diol ratios in plasma and cardiomyocyte cell culture media compared with wild type (WT). sEH null hearts have improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and less infarction compared with WT hearts after 20 minutes ischemia. Perfusion with the putative EET receptor antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid ( 10 to 100 nmol/L) before ischemia abolishes this cardioprotective phenotype. Inhibitor studies demonstrate that perfusion with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin (200 nmol/L) or LY294002 (5 mu mol/ L), the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor glibenclamide (1 mu mol/ L), the mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 to 200 mu mol/L), or the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (KCa) inhibitor paxilline (10 mu mol/ L) abolishes the cardioprotection in sEH null hearts. Consistent with increased activation of the PI3K cascade, sEH null mice exhibit increased cardiac expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta(GSK-3 beta) phospho-protein after ischemia. Together, these data suggest that targeted disruption of sEH increases the availability of cardioprotective EETs that work by activating PI3K signaling pathways and K+ channels. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Canc Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Falck, John/0000-0002-9219-7845; Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13]; NIEHS NIH HHS [F32 ES012856-01, ES012856, ES04699, F32 ES012856, F32 ES012856-02, F32 ES012856-03, P42 ES004699] NR 42 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.1161/01.RES.0000237390.92932.37 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 074RL UT WOS:000239829400018 PM 16857962 ER PT J AU Ju, YH Kumar, D Varma, RS AF Ju, Yuhong Kumar, Dalip Varma, Rajender S. TI Revisiting nucleophilic substitution reactions: Microwave-assisted synthesis of azides, thiocyanates, and sulfones in an aqueous medium SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALKYL AZIDES; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; ORGANIC-REACTIONS; SODIUM-AZIDE; CHEMISTRY; IRRADIATION; EFFICIENT; AZACYCLOALKANES; DERIVATIVES; CATALYSIS AB A practical, rapid, and efficient microwave ( MW) promoted synthesis of various azides, thiocyanates, and sulfones is described in an aqueous medium. This general and expeditious MW-enhanced nucleophilic substitution approach uses easily accessible starting materials such as halides or tosylates in reaction with alkali azides, thiocyanates, or sulfinates in the absence of any phase-transfer catalyst, and a variety of reactive functional groups are tolerated. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM ju.yuhong@epa.gov; dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 47 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 17 BP 6697 EP 6700 DI 10.1021/jo61114h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 072PL UT WOS:000239685200067 PM 16901176 ER PT J AU Balu, N Padgett, WT Nelson, GB Lambert, GR Ross, JA Nesnow, S AF Balu, Narayanan Padgett, William T. Nelson, Garret B. Lambert, Guy R. Ross, Jeffrey A. Nesnow, Stephen TI Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone-3 '-mononucleotide adduct standards for P-32 postlabeling analyses: Detection of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone-calf thymus DNA adducts SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE P-32-postlabeling; benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone; BPQ; B[a]P; DNA adducts; calf thymus DNA; standards ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; P53 MUTATIONS; HUMAN LUNG; ACTIVATION; CELLS; BENZOPYRENE; DIHYDRODIOL; IDENTIFICATION; CANCER; LIVER AB Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-quinone (BPQ) is one of the reactive metabolites of the widely distributed archetypal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The formation of BPQ from B[a]P through trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydroB[a]P by the mediation of aldo-keto reductases and its role in the genotoxicity and carcinogenesis of B[a]P currently are under extensive investigation. Toxicity pathways related to BPQ are believed to include both stable and unstable (depurinating) DNA adduct formation as well as reactive oxygen species. We previously reported the complete characterization of four novel stable BPQ-deoxyguanosine (dG) and two BPQ-deoxyadenosine (dA) adducts (Balu et at., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17 (2004) 827-838). However, the identification of BPQ-DNA adducts by P-32 postlabeling methods from in vitro and in vivo exposures required 3'-monophosphate derivatives of BPQ-dG, BPQ-dA, and BPQ-deoxycytidine (dC) as standards. Therefore, in the current study, BPQ adducts of dGMP(3'), dAMP(3'), and dCMP(3') were prepared. The syntheses of the BPQ-3'-mononucleotide standards were carried out in a manner similar to that reported previously for the nucleoside analogs. Reaction products were characterized by UV, LC/MS analyses, and one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The spectral studies indicated that all adducts existed as diastereomeric mixtures. Furthermore, the structural identities of the novel BPQ-dGMP, BPQ-dAMP, and BPQ-dCMP adducts were confirmed by acid phosphatase dephosphorylation of the BPQ-nucleotide adducts to the corresponding known BPQ-nucleoside adduct standards. The BPQ-dGMP, BPQ-dAMP, and BPQ-dCMP adduct standards were used in P-32 postlabeling studies to identify BPQ adducts formed in vitro with calf thymus DNA and DNA homopolymers. P-32 postlabeling analysis revealed the formation of 8 major and at least 10 minor calf thymus DNA adducts. Of these BPQ-DNA adducts, the following were identified: I BPQ-dGMP adduct, 2 BPQ-dAMP adducts, and 3 BPQ-dCMP adducts. This study represents the first reported example of the characterization of stable BPQ-DNA adducts in isolated mammalian DNA and is expected to contribute significantly to the future BPQ-DNA adduct studies in vivo and thereby to the contribution of BPQ in B[a]P carcinogenesis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.05.023 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 071XX UT WOS:000239638300007 PM 16797471 ER PT J AU Williams, AGB Scheckel, KG Tolaymat, T Impellitteri, CA AF Williams, Aaron G. B. Scheckel, Kirk G. Tolaymat, Thabet Impellitteri, Christopher A. TI Mineralogy and characterization of arsenic, iron, and lead in a mine waste-derived fertilizer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; SOLUBILITY; FEASO4.2H2O; SCORODITE; MOBILIZATION; DISSOLUTION; TAILINGS AB The solid-state speciation of arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) was studied in the mine waste-derived fertilizer Ironite using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and aging studies. Arsenic was primarily associated with ferrihydrite (60-70%), with the remainder found in arsenopyrite (30-40%). Lead was observed almost exclusively as anglesite (PbSO4), with < 1% observed as galena (PbS). The identification of As in oxidized Fe oxides and Pb as PbSO4 is in disagreement with the dominant reduced phases previously reported and suggests As and Pb contained within the mine waste-derived product are more bioavailable than previously considered. Aging studies in solution result in Ironite granules separating into two distinct fractions, an orange oxide precipitate and a crystalline fraction with a metallic luster. The orange oxide fraction contained As adsorbed/precipitated with ferrihydrite that is released into solution when allowed to equilibrate with water. The fraction with a metallic luster contained pyrite and arsenopyrite. Acomplete breakdown of arsenopyrite was observed in Ironite aged for 1 month in buffered deionized water. The observations from this study indicate As and Pb exist as oxidized phases that likely develop from the beneficiation and processing of mine tailings for commercial sale. The potential release of As and Pb has important implications for water quality standards and human health. Of particular concern is the quantity of As released from mine waste-derived products due to the new As regulation applied in 2006, limiting As levels to 10 mu g L-1 in drinking water. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4874 EP 4879 DI 10.1021/es060853c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900015 PM 16955880 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Anderson, JL AF Colon, Dalizza Weber, Eric J. Anderson, James L. TI QSAR study of the reduction of nitroaromatics by Fe(II) species SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ABIOTIC DEGRADATION; SURFACE CATALYSIS; WATER INTERFACE; FERRIC-OXIDE; IRON; TRANSFORMATION; REACTIVITY; GOETHITE AB The development of predictive models for the reductive transformation of nitroaromatics requires further clarification of the effect of environmentally relevant variables on reaction kinetics and the identification of readily available molecular descriptors for calculating reactivity. Toward these goals, studies were performed on the reduction of a series of monosubstituted nitrobenzenes in Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, E-LUMO(B3LYP/6-31G*,E-water), of the nitrobenzenes was capable of explaining 99% of the variability in the rates. Results of experiments in which the surface area loading of ferric oxides was systematically varied indicate that (i) the reactivity of mineral-surface-associated Fe(II), Fe(II) surf, toward the reduction of p-cyanonitrobenzene (CNNB) decreased in the order hematite > goethite > lepidocrocite > ferrihydrite and (ii) the surface density of Fe(II) surf did not play a crucial role in determining the observed reactivity trend. CNNB was reduced in Fe(II)only control experiments in a pH range of 7.28-7.97 with a pH dependency consistent with the transformation of Fe(II) to Fe(OH)(3) or related oxides. The pH dependency of the reduction of CNNB in Fe(II)-treated ferric oxide suspensions (pH 6.1-7.97) could be accounted for by the oxidation of Fe(II)(surf), forming an Fe( III) oxide. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Colon, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM colon.dalizza@epa.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4976 EP 4982 DI 10.1021/es052425x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900030 PM 16955895 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Rice, EW Bishop, PL AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Rice, Eugene W. Bishop, Paul L. TI Persistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae on simulated biofilm in a model drinking water system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; CHLORINE PENETRATION; BACTERIA; INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION; STARVATION; SURVIVAL; HYDROPHOBICITY; COLONIZATION AB Persistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae on corroded iron surfaces in drinking water was studied using biofilm annular reactors operated under oligotrophic conditions. Reactors were inoculated with K. pneumoniae, and persistence was monitored in the bulk and biofilm phases. Initial cell concentration of 10(6) MPN/mL in the bulk water phase resulted in significantly longer adhesion than initial concentrations 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower. K. pneumoniae cultured in low nutrient growth medium persisted longer in dechlorinated tap water than those cultured in full strength medium. Cell surface charge was more negative under low nutrient conditions, and this influenced electrostatic attraction between the cells and the oxidized iron surface. Cells grown in full strength media persisted longer in water with both low (< 0.2 mg/L) and high (> 0.5 mg/L) free chlorine residuals. Growth media injected with the cells dechlorinated the water allowing adhesion without inactivation. Microelectrode measurements showed a 40-70% drop in free chlorine from the bulk to the coupon surface, which decreased disinfectant potency against adhered cells. Growth and injection conditions clearly influenced cell adhesion and persistence, but permanent colonization of the corroded iron surface by K. pneumoniae was not observed. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, MS 163, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4996 EP 5002 DI 10.1021/es060857h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900033 PM 16955898 ER PT J AU Bare, J Gloria, T Norris, G AF Bare, Jane Gloria, Thomas Norris, Gregory TI Development of the method and U.S. normalization database for Life Cycle Impact Assessment and sustainability metrics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Normalization is an optional step within Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) that may be used to assist in the interpretation of life cycle inventory data as well as life cycle impact assessment results. Normalization transforms the magnitude of LCI and LCIA results into relative contribution by substance and life cycle impact category. Normalization thus can significantly influence LCA-based decisions when tradeoffs exist. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a normalization database based on the spatial scale of the 48 continental U.S. states, Hawaii, Alaska, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico with a one-year reference time frame. Data within the normalization database were compiled based on the impact methodologies and lists of stressors used in TRACI-the EPA's Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts. The new normalization database published within this article may be used for LCIA case studies within the United States, and can be used to assist in the further development of a global normalization database. The underlying data analyzed for the development of this database are included to allow the development of normalization data consistent with other impact assessment methodologies as well. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Five Winds Int, Boston, MA 02116 USA. Sylvatica, N Berwick, ME 03906 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bare, J (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bare.jane@epa.gov NR 32 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 5108 EP 5115 DI 10.1021/es052494b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900050 PM 16955915 ER PT J AU Chang, W Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Chang, Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic response of Staphylococcus aureus to peracetic acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCESSORY GENE REGULATOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DNA-POLYMERASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BINDING PROTEIN; X-FAMILY; IRON AB Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for many incidents of hospital-acquired infection, which causes 90 000 deaths and $4.5 billion loss a year in the United States. Despite a wide use of disinfectants such as peracetic acid in health care environments, we certainly need better understanding of the effects of antimicrobial application on target pathogens to avert infection outbreaks. Consequently, herein, we explored for the first time the toxicogenomic response of S. aureus to a sublethal concentration of peracetic acid (1 mM) by using microarray-based transcriptome analysis. In particular, we investigated the dynamics of global gene expression profiles during its cellular response, which involved initial growth inhibition (10 min) and subsequent partial recovery (20 min). Further, we compared transcriptome responses to peracetic acid between S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our findings show that (i) the regulation of membrane transport genes was significantly altered, (ii) DNA repair and replication genes were selectively induced, and (iii) primary metabolism-related genes were differently repressed between the two growth states. Most intriguingly, we revealed that many virulence factor genes were induced upon the exposure, which proposes a possibility that the pathogenesis of S. aureus may be stimulated in response to peracetic acid. C1 US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 5124 EP 5131 DI 10.1021/es060354b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900052 PM 16955917 ER PT J AU Espinoza, FP Minsker, BS AF Espinoza, Felipe P. Minsker, Barbara S. TI Development of the enhanced self-adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (e-SAHGA) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTIMAL GROUNDWATER-MANAGEMENT; SITU BIOREMEDIATION DESIGN; REMEDIATION SYSTEM-DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; SIMULATION AB [ 1] Genetic algorithms allow solution of more complex, nonlinear groundwater remediation design problems than traditional gradient-based approaches, but they are more computationally intensive. One way to improve performance is through inclusion of local search, creating a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA). The inclusion of local search helps to speed up the solution process and to make the solution technique more robust. This technical note focuses on the development and application of a new HGA, the enhanced self - adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (e-SAHGA), which is an enhancement of a previously developed HGA called SAHGA. The application of the e-SAHGA algorithm to a hypothetical groundwater remediation design problem showed 90% reliability in identifying the optimal solution faster than the SGA, with average savings of 64% across 100 random initial populations. These results are considerably improved over SAHGA, which attained only 80% reliability and 14% average savings on the same initial populations. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Espinoza, FP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,222B, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM espinoza.felipe@epamail.epa.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 8 AR W08501 DI 10.1029/2005WR004221 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 074CF UT WOS:000239789300001 ER PT J AU Piquemal, JP Perera, L Cisneros, GA Ren, PY Pedersen, LG Darden, TA AF Piquemal, Jean-Philip Perera, Lalith Cisneros, G. Andres Ren, Pengyu Pedersen, Lee G. Darden, Thomas A. TI Towards accurate solvation dynamics of divalent cations in water using the polarizable amoeba force field: From energetics to structure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDRATED MAGNESIUM-ION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CALCIUM-ION; LIQUID WATER; SIMULATION; MECHANICS; REPRESENTATION; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; CA2+ AB Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a modified amoeba force field to determine hydration and dynamical properties of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. The extension of amoeba to divalent cations required the introduction of a cation specific parametrization. To accomplish this, the Thole polarization damping model parametrization was modified based on the ab initio polarization energy computed by a constrained space orbital variation energy decomposition scheme. Excellent agreement has been found with condensed phase experimental results using parameters derived from gas phase ab initio calculations. Additionally, we have observed that the coordination of the calcium cation is influenced by the size of the periodic water box, a recurrent issue in first principles molecular dynamics studies. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Piquemal, JP (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Chim Theor Lab, Case 137,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM jpp@lct.jussieu.fr; perera12@niehs.nih.gov; darden@niehs.nih.gov RI Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010; Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009; perera, Lalith/B-6879-2012; Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426; perera, Lalith/0000-0003-0823-1631; Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 50 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 AR 054511 DI 10.1063/1.2234774 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 071BV UT WOS:000239573100035 PM 16942230 ER PT J AU Guenther, A Karl, T Harley, P Wiedinmyer, C Palmer, PI Geron, C AF Guenther, A. Karl, T. Harley, P. Wiedinmyer, C. Palmer, P. I. Geron, C. TI Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAND-COVER; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIURNAL-VARIATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; RATE VARIABILITY AB Reactive gases and aerosols are produced by terrestrial ecosystems, processed within plant canopies, and can then be emitted into the above-canopy atmosphere. Estimates of the above-canopy fluxes are needed for quantitative earth system studies and assessments of past, present and future air quality and climate. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) is described and used to quantify net terrestrial biosphere emission of isoprene into the atmosphere. MEGAN is designed for both global and regional emission modeling and has global coverage with similar to 1 km(2) spatial resolution. Field and laboratory investigations of the processes controlling isoprene emission are described and data available for model development and evaluation are summarized. The factors controlling isoprene emissions include biological, physical and chemical driving variables. MEGAN driving variables are derived from models and satellite and ground observations. Tropical broadleaf trees contribute almost half of the estimated global annual isoprene emission due to their relatively high emission factors and because they are often exposed to conditions that are conducive for isoprene emission. The remaining flux is primarily from shrubs which have a widespread distribution. The annual global isoprene emission estimated with MEGAN ranges from about 500 to 750 Tg isoprene ( 440 to 660 Tg carbon) depending on the driving variables which include temperature, solar radiation, Leaf Area Index, and plant functional type. The global annual isoprene emission estimated using the standard driving variables is similar to 600 Tg isoprene. Differences in driving variables result in emission estimates that differ by more than a factor of three for specific times and locations. It is difficult to evaluate isoprene emission estimates using the concentration distributions simulated using chemistry and transport models, due to the substantial uncertainties in other model components, but at least some global models produce reasonable results when using isoprene emission distributions similar to MEGAN estimates. In addition, comparison with isoprene emissions estimated from satellite formaldehyde observations indicates reasonable agreement. The sensitivity of isoprene emissions to earth system changes ( e. g., climate and land-use) demonstrates the potential for large future changes in emissions. Using temperature distributions simulated by global climate models for year 2100, MEGAN estimates that isoprene emissions increase by more than a factor of two. This is considerably greater than previous estimates and additional observations are needed to evaluate and improve the methods used to predict future isoprene emissions. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Guenther, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM guenther@ucar.edu RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Harley, Peter/E-1856-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Harley, Peter/0000-0002-2647-1973; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 113 TC 1395 Z9 1447 U1 42 U2 349 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 3181 EP 3210 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 069QR UT WOS:000239463800001 ER PT J AU Li, ZW Hyseni, X Carter, JD Soukup, JM Dailey, LA Huang, YCT AF Li, Zhuowei Hyseni, Xhevahire Carter, Jacqueline D. Soukup, Joleen M. Dailey, Lisa A. Huang, Yuh-Chin T. TI Pollutant particles enhanced H2O2 production from NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med DE mitogen-activated protein kinase; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p38; vasoconstriction ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; FUEL-OIL ASH; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VASOCONSTRICTION; ACTIVATION AB Pollutant particles enhanced H2O2 production from NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291: C357-C365, 2006. First published March 29, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2005. - Particulate matter (PM) induces oxidative stress and cardiovascular adverse health effects, but the mechanistic link between the two is unclear. We hypothesized that PM enhanced oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells and investigated the enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species and their effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and vasoconstriction. We measured the production of extracellular H2O2, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPKs in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) treated with urban particles (UP; SRM1648), and assessed the effects of H2O2 on vasoconstriction in pulmonary artery ring and isolated perfused lung. Within minutes after UP treatment, HPAEC increased H2O2 production that could be inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin (APO), and sodium azide (NaN3). The water-soluble fraction of UP as well as its two transition metal components, Cu and V, also stimulated H2O2 production. NaN3 inhibited H2O2 production stimulated by Cu and V, whereas DPI and APO inhibited only Cu-stimulated H2O2 production. Inhibitors of other H2O2-producing enzymes, including N-omega-methyl-L-argnine, indomethacin, allopurinol, cimetidine, rotenone, and antimycin, had no effects. DPI but not NaN3 attenuated UP-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Knockdown of p47phox gene expression by small interfering RNA attenuated UP-induced H2O2 production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Intravascular administration of H2O2 generated by glucose oxidase increased pulmonary artery pressure. We conclude that UP induce oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells by activating NAD(P)H oxidase and the mitochondria. The endothelial oxidative stress may be an important mechanism for PM-induced acute cardiovascular health effects. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang002@mc.duke.edu NR 48 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP C357 EP C365 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2005 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 060ZK UT WOS:000238840800019 PM 16571865 ER PT J AU Cozzi, E Hazarika, S Stallings, HW Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Lust, RM Wingard, CJ Van Scott, MR AF Cozzi, Emily Hazarika, Surovi Stallings, Howard W., III Cascio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. Lust, Robert M. Wingard, Christopher J. Van Scott, Michael R. TI Ultrafine particulate matter exposure augments ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myocardial infarction; vascular reactivity; oxidant injury; acetylcholine ID AMBIENT AIR PARTICLES; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BONE-MARROW; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; CARBON PARTICLES AB Epidemiological studies have linked ambient particulate matter (PM) levels to an increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Yet little is definitively known about the mechanisms accounting for the cardiovascular events associated with PM exposure. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of ultrafine (< 0.1 mu m) PM exposure on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. ICR mice were exposed to 100 mu g of PM or vehicle by intratracheal instillation. Twenty-four hours later, mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg), the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 20 min, flow was restored for 2 h, and the resulting myocardial infarct (MI) size was evaluated. PM exposure doubled the relative size of the MI compared with the vehicle control. No difference was observed in the percentage of the left ventricle at risk for ischemia. PM exposure increased the level of oxidative stress in the myocardium after I/R. The density of neutrophils in the reperfused myocardium was increased by PM exposure, but differences in the number of blood leukocytes, expression of adhesion molecules on circulating neutrophils, and activation state of circulating neutrophils 24 h after PM exposure could not be correlated to the increased I/R injury observed. Additionally, aortas isolated from PM-exposed animals and studied in vitro exhibited a reduced endothelium- dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine. These results indicate that exposure to ultrafine PM increases oxidative stress in the myocardium, alters vascular reactivity, and augments injury after I/R in a murine model. C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Div Cardiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van Scott, MR (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Div Cardiol, 6N98 Brody Bldg, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM vanscottmi@ecu.edu OI Van Scott, Michael/0000-0003-1782-1334; Wingard, Christopher/0000-0002-8251-5678 NR 66 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP H894 EP H903 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01362.2005 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 063LS UT WOS:000239020300048 PM 16582015 ER PT J AU Turi, JL Wang, XC Mckie, AT Nozik-Grayck, E Mamo, LB Crissman, K Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Turi, Jennifer L. Wang, Xinchao McKie, Andrew T. Nozik-Grayck, Eva Mamo, Lisa B. Crissman, Kay Piantadosi, Claude A. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Duodenal cytochrome b: a novel ferrireductase in airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron ID ANION-EXCHANGE PROTEIN-2; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IRON-METABOLISM; ASCORBIC-ACID; TRANSFERRIN; LUNG; ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIOXIDANT; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION AB Catalytically active iron in the lung causes oxidative stress and promotes microbial growth that can be limited by intracellular sequestration of iron within ferritin. Because cellular iron uptake requires membrane ferrireductase activity that in the gut can be provided by duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), we sought Dcytb in the lung to test the hypothesis that it contributes to epithelial iron regulation by reducing Fe3+ for cellular iron transport. Dcytb expression was found in respiratory epithelium in vitro and in vivo and was responsive to iron concentration. Iron transport was measured in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and was demonstrated to be partially inhibited in the presence of Dcytb-blocking antibody, suggesting that Dcytb reduces Fe3+ for cellular iron transport. A definite source of reducing equivalents for Dcytb was sought but not identified. We found no evidence that ascorbate was involved but did demonstrate that O-2(-center dot) production decreased when Dcytb function was blocked. The presence of Dcytb in airway epithelial cells and its regulation by iron therefore may contribute to pulmonary cytoprotection. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Kings Coll, Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Turi, JL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Box 3046, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM turi0002@mc.duke.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD043494]; PHS HHS [K12] NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP L272 EP L280 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00342.2005 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 060ZL UT WOS:000238840900017 PM 16510471 ER PT J AU Baehr, CH Fricker, G Miller, DS AF Baehr, Carsten H. Fricker, Gert Miller, David S. TI Fluorescein-methotrexate transport in dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) choroid plexus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE image analysis; organic anion transport; xenobiotic transport ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORT; EXPRESSION CLONING; RESISTANCE; TUBULES; MICE AB The vertebrate choroid plexus removes potentially toxic metabolites and xenobiotics from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood for subsequent excretion in urine and bile. We used confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis to characterize the mechanisms driving transport of the large organic anion, fluorescein-methotrexate (FLMTX), from bath (CSF-side) to blood vessels in intact lateral choroid plexus from dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias, an evolutionarily ancient vertebrate. With 2 mu M FL-MTX in the bath, steady-state fluorescence in the subepithelium/vascular space exceeded bath levels by 5- to 10-fold, and fluorescence in the epithelial cells was slightly below bath levels. FL-MTX accumulation in both tissue compartments was reduced by NaCN, Na removal, and ouabain, but not by a 10-fold increase in medium K. Certain organic anions, e. g., probenecid, MTX, and taurocholate, reduced FL-MTX accumulation in both tissue compartments; p-aminohippurate and estrone sulfate reduced subepithelial/vascular accumulation, but not cellular accumulation. At low concentrations, digoxin, leukotriene C-4, and MK-571 reduced fluorescence in the subepithelium/vascular space while increasing cellular fluorescence, indicating preferential inhibition of efflux over uptake. In the presence of 10 mu M digoxin ( reduced efflux, enhanced cellular accumulation), cellular FL-MTX accumulation was specific, concentrative, and Na dependent. Thus transepithelial FL-MTX transport involved the following two carrier-mediated steps: electroneutral, Na-dependent uptake at the apical membrane and electroneutral efflux at the basolateral membrane. Finally, FL-MTX accumulation in both tissue compartments was reduced by phorbol ester and increased by forskolin, indicating antagonistic modulation by protein kinase C and protein kinase A. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, Heidelberg, Germany. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. RP Miller, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM miller@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-03828] NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP R464 EP R472 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00814.2005 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 060LF UT WOS:000238803000028 PM 16914433 ER PT J AU Wrench, N Pinto, CRF Klinefelter, GR Farin, CE AF Wrench, N. Pinto, C. R. F. Klinefelter, G. R. Farin, C. E. TI Seasonal expression and pattern of SP22 immunolocalization in stallion semen SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Equine Reproduction CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Kerkrade, NETHERLANDS SP West Coast Equine Reproduct Symp, Intervet Int BV, Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates PLLC, Greenwood Ellis & Partners Equine Vet Surg, Minitib GmBH, Rossdale & Partners Vet Surg, Anim Reproduct Syst, Pie Med Equipment BV, BioRelease Technol LLC, Bioniche Anim Hlth Ltd, IMV Technol, Select Breeders Serv Europe, Dierenkliniek De Lingehoeve ID LOCALIZATION C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM carlos_pinto@ncsu.edu RI Pinto, Carlos/C-9009-2013 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.040 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 069TY UT WOS:000239472400010 ER PT J AU Ascherio, A Chen, HP Weisskopf, MG O'Reilly, E McCullough, ML Calle, EE Schwarzschild, MA Thun, MJ AF Ascherio, Alberto Chen, HonPei Weisskopf, Marc G. O'Reilly, Eilis McCullough, Marjorie L. Calle, Eugenia E. Schwarzschild, Michael A. Thun, Michael J. TI Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-CANCER-SOCIETY; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXICITY; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; PARAQUAT; POPULATION; ETIOLOGY; MANEB; ONSET; DEGENERATION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Chronic, low-dose exposure to pesticides is suspected to increase the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), but data are inconclusive. Methods: We prospectively examined whether individuals exposed to pesticides have higher risk for PD than those not exposed. The study population comprised participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a longitudinal investigation of US men and women initiated in 1992 by the American Cancer Society. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1997, 1999, and 2001. The 143,325 individuals who returned the 2001 survey and did not have a diagnosis or symptoms of PD at baseline (1992) were included in the analyses. Results: Exposure to pesticides was reported by 7,864 participants (5.7%), including 1,956 farmers, ranchers, or fishermen. Individuals exposed to pesticides had a 70% higher incidence of PD than those not exposed (adjusted relative risk, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.3; p = 0.002). The relative risk for pesticide exposure was similar in farmers and nonfarmers. No relation was found between risk for PD and exposure to asbestos, chemical/acids/solvents, coal or stone dust, or eight other occupational exposures. Interpretation: These data support the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides may increase risk for PD. Future studies should seek to identify the specific chemicals responsible for this association. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Ascherio, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10804] NR 51 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1002/ana.20904 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 070PX UT WOS:000239536600008 PM 16802290 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Nietch, C Simonich, M Younger, M Reynolds, D Field, KG AF Shanks, Orin C. Nietch, Christopher Simonich, Michael Younger, Melissa Reynolds, Don Field, Katharine G. TI Basin-wide analysis of the dynamics of fecal contamination and fecal source identification in Tillamook Bay, Oregon SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; HEALTH RISKS; PCR ASSAY; WATER; POLLUTION; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; BEACHES AB The objectives of this study were to elucidate spatial and temporal dynamics in source-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic marker data across a watershed; to compare these dynamics to fecal indicator counts, general measurements of water quality, and climatic forces; and to identify geographic areas of intense exposure to specific sources of contamination. Samples were collected during a 2-year period in the Tillamook basin in Oregon at 30 sites along five river tributaries and in Tillamook Bay. We performed Bacteroidales PCR assays with general, ruminant-source-specific, and human-source-specific primers to identify fecal sources. We determined the Escherichia coli most probable number, temperature, turbidity, and 5-day precipitation. Climate and water quality data collectively supported a rainfall runoff pattern for microbial source input that mirrored the annual precipitation cycle. Fecal sources were statistically linked more closely to ruminants than to humans; there was a 40% greater probability of detecting a ruminant source marker than a human source marker across the basin. On a sample site basis, the addition of fecal source tracking data provided new information linking elevated fecal indicator bacterial loads to specific point and nonpoint sources of fecal pollution in the basin. Inconsistencies in E. coli and host-specific marker trends suggested that the factors that control the quantity of fecal indicators in the water column are different than the factors that influence the presence of Bacteroidales markers at specific times of the year. This may be important if fecal indicator counts are used as a criterion for source loading potential in receiving waters. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cleveland, OH USA. Tillamook Cty Performance Partnership, Garibaldi, OR 97118 USA. RP Field, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kate.field@oregonstate.edu NR 34 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 8 BP 5537 EP 5546 DI 10.1128/AEM.03059-05 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 073ZC UT WOS:000239780400050 PM 16885307 ER PT J AU Gibb-Snyder, E Gullett, B Ryan, S Oudejans, L Touati, A AF Gibb-Snyder, Emily Gullett, Brian Ryan, Shawn Oudejans, Lukas Touati, Abderrahmane TI Development of size-selective sampling of Bacillus anthracis surrogate spores from simulated building air intake mixtures for analysis via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; biological agent aerosol; bioaerosol collection; spore detection ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOLS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; BACTERIA; PROTEIN AB Size-selective sampling of Bacillus anthracis surrogate spores from realistic, common aerosol mixtures was developed for analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A two-stage impactor was found to be the preferential sampling technique for LIBS analysis because it was able to concentrate the spores in the mixtures while decreasing the collection of potentially interfering aerosols. Three common spore/aerosol scenarios were evaluated, diesel truck exhaust (to simulate a truck running outside of a building air intake), urban outdoor aerosol (to simulate common building air), and finally a protein aerosol (to simulate either an agent mixture (ricin/anthrax) or a contaminated anthrax sample). Two statistical methods, linear correlation and principal component analysis, were assessed for differentiation of surrogate spore spectra from other common aerosols. Criteria for determining percentages of false positives and false negatives via correlation analysis were evaluated. A single laser shot analysis of approximately 4 percent of the spores in a mixture of 0.75 m(3) urban outdoor air doped with approximately 1.1 X 10(5) spores resulted in a 0.04 proportion of false negatives. For that same sample volume of urban air without spores, the proportion of false positives was 0.08. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Arcadis G&M Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gibb-Snyder, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM snyder.emily@epa.gov RI Gibb, Stuart/D-5802-2013 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 8 BP 860 EP 870 DI 10.1366/000370206778062192 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 075VF UT WOS:000239912900005 PM 16925921 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Swall, JL AF Davis, Jerry M. Swall, Jenise L. TI An examination of the CMAQ simulations of the wet deposition of ammonium from a Bayesian perspective SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonium wet deposition; model evaluation; Bayesian statistical methods; spatial correlation; community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) model; national acid deposition program (NADP); ammonia emissions ID UNITED-STATES; EMISSION INVENTORY AB The ability of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the wet deposition of ammonium during 8-week winter and summer periods in 2001 is evaluated using observations from the National Acid Deposition Program (NADP) monitoring sites. The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of precipitation simulations and emissions on CMAQ simulations of deposition. In both seasons, CMAQ tends to underpredict the deposition amounts. Based on the co-located measurements of ammonium wet deposition and precipitation at the NADP sites and on estimated precipitation amounts for each grid cell, Bayesian statistical methods are used to estimate ammonium wet deposition over all grid cells in the study region. To assess the effect of precipitation on the CMAQ simulations, our statistical method is run twice for each time period, using the simulated precipitation information provided to CMAQ and precipitation estimates based on data collected by the cooperative observer network. During the winter period when stratiform-type precipitation dominates, precipitation amounts do not seem to be a major factor in CMAQ's ability to simulate the wet deposition of ammonium. However, during the summer period when precipitation is mainly generated by convective processes, small portions of the region are identified in which problems with precipitation simulations may be adversely affecting CMAQ's estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM davisj@unity.ncsu.edu OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 4562 EP 4573 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 066VB UT WOS:000239257200011 ER PT J AU Swall, JL Davis, JM AF Swall, Jenise L. Davis, Jerry M. TI A Bayesian statistical approach for the evaluation of CMAQ SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE spatial analysis; Bayesian methods; air quality model; aerosol sulfate; model validation ID DAILY MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; MODELS AB Bayesian statistical methods are used to evaluate Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations of sulfate aerosol over a section of the eastern US for 4-week periods in summer and winter 2001. The observed data come from two U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data collection networks. The statistical methods used here address two problems that arise in model evaluation: the sparseness of the observational data which is to be compared to the model output fields and the comparison of model-generated grid cell averages with point-referenced monitoring data. A Bayesian hierarchical model is used to estimate the true values of the sulfate concentration field. Emphasis is placed on modeling the spatial dependence of sulfate over the study region, and then using this dependence structure to estimate average grid cell values for comparison with CMAQ. For the winter period, CMAQ tends to underpredict the sulfate concentrations over a large portion of the region. The CMAQ simulations for the summer period do not show this systematic underprediction of sulfate concentrations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Swall, JL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, MD E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Jenise.Swall@noaa.gov; Davis.Jerry@epa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 4883 EP 4893 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2005.12.058 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300007 ER PT J AU Ching, J Herwehe, J Swall, J AF Ching, Jason Herwehe, Jerold Swall, Jenise TI On joint deterministic grid modeling and sub-grid variability conceptual framework for model evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE neighborhood-scale models; CMAQ fine scale modeling; sub-grid distributions; sub-grid variability; multiscale air-quality modeling ID PREDICTIONS; CHEMISTRY; OZONE AB The general situation (but exemplified in urban areas), where a significant degree of sub-grid variability (SGV) exists in grid models poses problems when comparing grid-based air-quality modeling results with observations. Typically, grid models ignore or parameterize processes and features that are at their sub-grid scale. Also, observations may be obtained in an area where significant spatial variability in the concentration fields exists. Consequently, model results and observations cannot be expected to be equal. To address this issue, we suggest a framework that can provide for qualitative judgements on model performance based on comparing observations to the grid predictions and its SGV distribution. Further, we (a) explore some characteristics of SGV, (b) comment on the contributions to SGV and (c) examine the implications to the modeling results at coarse grid resolution using examples from fine scale grid modeling of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NERL, AMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, AMD, MD,E243-04 APMB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ching.jason@epa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 4935 EP 4945 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2006.01.021 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300011 ER PT J AU Gilliland, AB Appel, KW Pinder, RW Dennis, RL AF Gilliland, Alice B. Appel, K. Wyat Pinder, Robert W. Dennis, Robin L. TI Seasonal NH3 emissions for the continental united states: Inverse model estimation and evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE NH3 emissions; inverse modeling; top-down emission estimates; air quality modeling; seasonal variability ID PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY DATA; NADP/NTN; NETWORK AB Significant uncertainty exists in the seasonal distribution of NH3 emissions since the predominant sources are animal husbandry and fertilizer application. Previous studies that estimated bottom-up and top-down NH3 emissions have provided the most comprehensive information available about the seasonality of NH3 emissions. In this study, this bottom-up and top-down emission information is combined with the most recent 2001 USEPA National Emission Inventory (NEI) to construct a best prior estimate of seasonal NH3 emissions. These emission estimates are then used in an annual 2001 USEPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulation for the continental United States. A key objective of this study is to evaluate these prior NH3 emission estimates and test the top-down inverse modeling method for a different year and a larger modeling domain than used previously. Based on the final posterior NH3 emission estimates, the inverse modeling results suggest that the annual total NEI NH3 emissions are reasonable and that a previous high bias in older USEPA emission inventories has been addressed in the updated inventory. Inverse modeling results suggest that the prior NH3 emission estimates should be increased in the summer and decreased in the winter, while results for the spring and fall are questionable due to precipitation prediction biases. A final conclusion from this study is that total NHx (NH3 and aerosol NH4+) air concentration data are essential for quantitative top-down analyses of NH3 emissions that can extend beyond what is possible using precipitation chemistry data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gilliland, AB (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Mailroom E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Alice.Gilliland@noaa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 4986 EP 4998 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2005.12.066 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300015 ER PT J AU Phillips, SB Finkelstein, PL AF Phillips, Sharon B. Finkelstein, Peter L. TI Comparison of spatial patterns of pollutant distribution with CMAQ predictions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE CMAQ; spatial statistical analysis; model evaluation; air pollution; air quality AB To evaluate the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system in reproducing the spatial patterns of aerosol concentrations over the country on timescales of months and years, the spatial patterns of model output are compared with those derived from observational data. Simple spatial interpolation procedures were applied to data from the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) and Speciation Trends Network (STN) monitoring networks. Species included sulfate PM, total nitrate (NO(3)(-) + HNO(3)), and ammonium PM. Comparisons were made for the annual average concentrations for 2001, and for one lunar month (4 weeks), where the month chosen for each species represents the highest concentrations of the year. Comparisons between the modeled and interpolated spatial patterns show very good agreement in the location and magnitude of the maxima and minima, as well as the gradients between them. Some persistent biases are identified and noted. Limitations on our ability to describe the spatial pattern from sparse data as well as the limitations of the networks are briefly discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Phillips, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Mail Drop D243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM phillips.sharon@epa.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 4999 EP 5009 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2005.12.064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300016 ER PT J AU Arnold, JR Dennis, RL AF Arnold, J. R. Dennis, Robin L. TI Testing CMAQ chemistry sensitivities in base case and emissions control runs at SEARCH and SOS99 surface sites in the southeastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE model evaluation; sensitivity analysis; chemical mechanism; emissions control strategies; differential sensitivity AB CMAQ was run to simulate urban and regional tropospheric conditions in the southeastern US over 14 days in July 1999 at 32, 8 and 2 km grid spacings. Runs were made with either of two older mechanisms, Carbon Bond IV (CB4) and the Regional Acid Deposition Model, version 2 (RADM2), and with the more recent and complete California Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, version 1999 mechanism (SAPRC99) in a sensitivity matrix with a full emissions base case and separate 50% control scenarios for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Results from the base case were compared to observations at the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Study (SEARCH) site at Jefferson Street in Atlanta, GA (JST) and the Southern Oxidant Study (SOS) Cornelia Fort Airpark (CFA) site downwind of Nashville, TN. In the base case, SAPRC99 predicted more ozone (03) than CB4 or RADM2 almost every hour and especially for afternoon maxima at both JST and CFA. Performance of the 8 km models at JST was better than that of the 32 km ones for all chemistries, reducing the I h peak bias by as much as 30 percentage points: at CFA only the RADM2 8 km model improved. The 2 km solutions did not show improved performance over the 8 km ones at either site, with normalized I It bias in the peak O-3 ranging from 21% at CFA to 43% at JST. In the emissions control cases, SAPRC99 was generally more responsive than CB4 and RADM2 to NOX and VOC controls, excepting hours at JST with predicted increased O-3 from NOX control. Differential sensitivity to chemical mechanism varied by more than +/- 10% for NOX control at JST and CFA, and in a similar range for VOC control at JST. VOC control at the more strongly NOX- limited urban CFA site produced a differential sensitivity response of < 5%. However, even when differential sensitivities in control cases were small, neither their sign nor their magnitude could be reliably determined from model performance in the full emissions case, meaning that the degree of O-3 response to a change in chemical mechanism can differ substantially with the level of precursor emissions. Hence we conclude that properly understanding the effects of changes in a model's chemical mechanism always requires emissions control cases as part of model sensitivity analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab,Off Res & Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab,Off Res & Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Natl Exposure Res Lab, 1200 6th Ave,9th FL,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM arnold.jeff@epa.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 5027 EP 5040 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2005.05.055 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300018 ER PT J AU Gilliam, RC Hogrefe, C Rao, ST AF Gilliam, Robert C. Hogrefe, Christian Rao, S. T. TI New methods for evaluating meteorological models used in air quality applications SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE model evaluation; MM5; K-Z filter; trajectories; correlation analysis ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PREDICTIONS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; CIRCULATIONS; FORECASTS; AMERICA; ERROR AB Meteorological models in conjunction with air quality models are being used to simulate the transport and fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Hence, there is a need for an extensive evaluation of the entire modeling system. In this study, several new techniques to assess the performance of mesoscale meteorological models are introduced with an emphasis on evaluating the variables and processes that have the potential to influence the air quality predictions, since errors in the meteorological fields are passed on to the air quality model. Model performance was diagnosed by examining the inter-correlation of observable variables in the atmosphere on distinct time scales: intraday, diurnal, and synoptic. It was found that the Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5) model did replicate the observed relationship between intraday wind speed and temperature, intraday surface pressure and temperature, diurnal surface pressure and temperature as well as most of the correlations between variables on the synoptic timescale. However, a negative correlation between temperature and precipitation was evident in the observations on the intraday scale, but such relationship was not evident in the model output. Furthermore, the diurnal response of increasing wind speed with temperature was strong in the observed time series, but it was much weaker in the model. The correlation between diurnal changes in temperature and cloud fraction was consistently negative in the model whereas it was slightly positive in the observations. Wind profilers were used to examine the simulated boundary layer wind structure. Of the twelve sites examined, the average distance error between the 24-h observed and modeled trajectory was approximately 150km at height of 100m above the surface. Errors in transport of this magnitude (100-200 km) can produce errors in air quality predictions. It is not the intent of this study to establish quantitative links between the performance of the specific meteorological simulation analyzed here and subsequent air quality simulations. Rather, the results presented here draw attention to errors and inconsistencies in the meteorology that are passed on to the air quality model which, in turn, have the potential to cause errors in air quality model predictions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Gilliam, RC (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Mail Drop E243-03,109 T-W,Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM robert.gilliam@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 5073 EP 5086 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.023 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300021 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Hutzell, WT Gipson, GL AF Luecken, D. J. Hutzell, W. T. Gipson, G. L. TI Development and analysis of air quality modeling simulations for hazardous air pollutants SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Community-Modeling-and-Analysis-System-Users Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Comm Modeling & Anal Syst Users DE air toxics; HAPs; benzene; formaldehyde; acrolein ID NORTH-AMERICA; GAS-PHASE; TOXICS AB The concentrations of five hazardous air pollutants were simulated using the community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Annual simulations were performed over the continental United States for the entire year of 2001 to support human exposure estimates. Results are shown for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene and acrolein. Photochemical production in the atmosphere is predicted to dominate ambient formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations, and to account for a significant fraction of ambient acrolein concentrations. Spatial and temporal variations are large throughout the domain over the year. Predicted concentrations are compared with observations for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Although the modeling results indicate an overall slight tendency towards underprediction, they reproduce episodic and seasonal behavior of pollutant concentrations at many monitors with good skill. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop E243-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 26 BP 5087 EP 5096 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.044 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079KP UT WOS:000240175300022 ER PT J AU Kulp, KS Montgomery, JL Nelson, DO Cutter, B Latham, ER Shattuck, DL Klotz, DM Bennett, LM AF Kulp, Kristen S. Montgomery, Jennifer L. Nelson, David O. Cutter, Beth Latham, E. Ray Shattuck, David L. Klotz, Diane M. Bennett, L. Michelle TI Essiac (R) and Flor-Essence (R) herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE cell growth stimulation; complementary and alternative medicine; Essiac (R) Herbal Tonic; estrogen receptor; Flor-Essence (R) Herbal Tonic; human breast cancer cells ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ANTIESTROGEN ICI-182780; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; MAMMARY-GLAND; RED-CLOVER; E-SCREEN; GENISTEIN; COMPLEMENTARY AB Background. People diagnosed with cancer often self-administer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to supplement their conventional treatments, improve health, or prevent recurrence. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) Herbal Tonics are commercially available complex mixtures of herbal extracts sold as dietary supplements and used by cancer patients based on anecdotal evidence that they can treat or prevent disease. In this study, we evaluated Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) for their effects on the growth of human tumor cells in culture. Methods. The effect of Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) herbal tonics on cell proliferation was tested in MCF-7, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cancer cells isolated from human breast tumors. Estrogen receptor (ER) dependent activation of a luciferase reporter construct was tested in MCF-7 cells. Specific binding to the ER was tested using an ICI 182,780 competition assay. Results. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) herbal tonics at 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% stimulated cell proliferation relative to untreated controls in both estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and estrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) cell lines. Exposure to the tonics also produced a dose-dependent increase in ER dependent luciferase activity in MCF-7 cells. A 10(-7) M concentration of ICI 182,780 inhibited the induction of ER dependent luciferase activity by Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R), but did not affect cell proliferation. Conclusion. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) Herbal Tonics can stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells through ER mediated as well as ER independent mechanisms of action. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kulp, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. EM Kulp2@llnl.gov FU NCCIH NIH HHS [R21AT001730-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K22 ES00322-01] NR 63 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-9156-x PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 071IM UT WOS:000239593800002 PM 16541326 ER PT J AU Cabelof, DC Ikeno, Y Nyska, A Busuttil, RA Anyangwe, N Vijg, J Matherly, LH Tucker, JD Wilson, SH Richardson, A Heydari, AR AF Cabelof, Diane C. Ikeno, Yuji Nyska, Abraham Busuttil, Rita A. Anyangwe, Njwen Vijg, Jan Matherly, Larry H. Tucker, James D. Wilson, Samuel H. Richardson, Arlan Heydari, Ahmad R. TI Haploinsufficiency in DNA polymerase beta increases cancer risk with age and alters mortality rate SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; CALORIC RESTRICTION; GENOME MAINTENANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MICE LACKING; IN-VIVO; MOUSE; MECHANISMS; SENESCENCE; PARAMETERS AB This study uses a base excision repair (BER)-deficient model, the DNA polymerase heterozygous mouse, to investigate the effect of BER deficiency on tumorigenicity and aging. Aged beta-pol(+/-) mice express 50% less beta-pol transcripts and protein (P < 0.05) than aged beta-pol(+/+) mice, showing maintenance of the heterozygous state over the life span of the mouse. This reduction in beta-pol expression was not associated with an increase in mutation rate but was associated with a 100% increase in the onset of hypoploidy. Aged beta-pol(+/-) mice exhibited a 6.7-fold increase in developing lymphoma (P < 0.01). Accordingly, 38% of beta-pol(+/-) mice exhibited lymphoid hyperplasia, whereas none of the beta-pol(+/-) exhibited this phenotype. beta-pol(+/-) mice were also more likely to develop adenocarcinoma (2.7-fold increase; P < 0.05) and more likely to develop multiple tumors, as 20% of the beta-pol(+/-) animals died bearing multiple tumors compared with only 5% of the beta-pol(+/-) animals (P < 0.05). In spite of accelerated tumor development, no gross effect of O-pol heterozygosity was seen with respect to life span. However, the survival curves for the beta-pol(+/-) and beta-pol(+/-) mice are not identical. A maximum likelihood estimation analysis showed a modest but significant (P < 0.05) acceleration of the age-dependent mortality rate in beta-pol(+/-) mice. Thus, the beta-pol(+/-) mouse represents a model in which mortality rate and tumor development are accelerated and provides evidence supporting the role of genomic maintenance in both aging and carcinogenesis. C1 Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Sch Med, Dev Therapeut Program, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cabelof, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Sch Med, Dev Therapeut Program, 110 E Warren, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM d.cabelof@wayne.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [1P01 AG 14674, P01 AG 19316, 1P30 AG 13319, R01 AG 20438, P01 AG 17242]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1R21 DK 62256]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 06639, ES 11044, 1F32 ES 013643] NR 35 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 15 BP 7460 EP 7465 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1177 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 069XU UT WOS:000239483500013 PM 16885342 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA Scheckel, KG AF Impellitteri, Christopher A. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI The distribution, solid-phase speciation, and desorption/dissolution of As in waste iron-based drinking water treatment residuals SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arsenic; speciation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; waste; water treatment residuals; iron oxide ID ARSENIC SPECIATION; GROUNDWATER; SORPTION; PH AB Arsenic concentrations and solid-phase speciation were assessed as a function of depth through Fe-media beds for two commercially available products (Granular Ferric Hydroxideo-GFH and Bayoxide E33((R))-E33) from pilot-scale water treatment field tests. These results were compared with data from solution (de-ionized water-DI-H2O) concentrations of As equilibrated with Fe-media in an anoxic environment at 4 degrees C. The materials had a high capacity for As (GFH media 9620 mg kg(-1) As, E33 Media 5246 mg kg(-1)). Arsenic concentrations decreased with bed depth. For E33, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy results showed that As(V) was the dominant solid-phase species. For GFH, As(III) was detected and the proportion (relative to As(V)) of As(III) increased with bed depth. Arsenic concentrations in DI-H2O equilibrated with the media were low (<= 35 mu g l(-1)) over a period of 50 d. Arsenic concentrations in the equilibrated solutions also decreased with depth. Results from tests on soluble As speciation show that As in solution is in the form of As(V). Kinetic desorption experiments carried out at different pH values (3, 5, 7, 8, and 9) show that the media exhibit some acid/base neutralization capacity and tend to bind As sufficiently. Concentrations of As in the pH desorption experiments were in the same order of magnitude as the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure extractions (tens of mu g l(-1)) except at low pH values. For the GFH media tested at a pH of three, As increases in solution and is mainly associated with colloidal (operationally defined as between 0.1 and 1.0 mu m) iron. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Impellitteri, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Impellitteri.christopher@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 6 BP 875 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075KG UT WOS:000239883100001 PM 16542705 ER PT J AU Nadif, R Kleeberger, SR Kauffmann, F AF Nadif, R. Kleeberger, S. R. Kauffmann, F. TI Polymorphisms in manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase genes: functional study in Hong Kong Chinese asthma patients SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Letter C1 INSERM, U780, Villejuif, France. Univ Paris Sud, Fac Med, IFR69, Villejuif, France. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nadif, R (reprint author), INSERM, U780, Villejuif, France. RI Nadif, Rachel/R-2876-2016 OI Nadif, Rachel/0000-0003-4938-9339 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02545.x PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 069ZA UT WOS:000239487300016 PM 16911367 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM Jeffay, SC AF Zucker, Robert M. Jeffay, Susan C. TI Confocal laser scanning microscopy of whole mouse ovaries: Excellent morphology, apoptosis detection, and spectroscopy SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE spectral imaging; spectroscopy PARISS; confocal microscopy; fluorescence; LysoTracker Red; follicle; ovary; oocyte; apoptosis; nucleolus; granulosa cells ID IMAGING FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SLIDE-BASED SYSTEMS; FOLLICULAR ATRESIA; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; GRANULOSA-CELLS; RAT; OOCYTES; EMBRYOS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Background: Ovaries consist of numerous follicles, oocytes, and granulosa cells in different stages of development. Many of these follicles will undergo an apoptotic process during the lifetime of the animal. By using proper tissue preparation methods, the events within the whole ovary can be observed by using 3D confocal microscopy. Methods: Whole ovaries were stained with LysoTracker Red (LT), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PF) and 1% glutaraldehyde (Glut), dehydrated with methanol (MEOH), and cleared with benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate (BABB). Using this tissue preparation technique, the ovary becomes relatively transparent, allowing its morphology to be observed with confocal microscopes. A spectral imaging system (PARISS) located on a conventional microscope was used to interpret the LT dye spectra and fixation products in the tissues with different excitation wavelengths. Results: Apoptosis in the follicle was detected as clusters of intensely stained granulosa cells located in close proximity to the oocytes. The fixation with Glut and PF preserved morphological details, increased tissue fluorescence, thus increased the signal to noise of the background image. Conclusions: Thick tissues can be imaged after they are properly stained, aldehyde fixed, and BABB cleared. ET intensely stained single cells or clusters of apoptotic cells in the follicles and the nucleolus. Spectral differences between LT as an indicator of apoptosis and Glut-PF fixation was used to visualize ovarian morphology and apoptosis. The PARISS spectrophotometer revealed spectral peaks for IT at 609.6 nm and for Glut-PF at 471.3 nm. The proper use of the spectra from these fluorescence molecules is the foundation for high quality morphological images of apoptosis. By sequentially imaging the two probes with a 488 run laser and a 543/568 nm laser, there was a reduction in fluorescent cross talk and an increase in image quality. (c) 2006 international Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epa.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69A IS 8 BP 930 EP 939 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20315 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 089WE UT WOS:000240911400023 PM 16969804 ER PT J AU Gorelick, R AF Gorelick, Root TI Combining richness and abundance into a single diversity index using matrix analogues of Shannon's and Simpson's indices SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY; SIMILARITY; ENTROPY AB Shannon's and Simpson's indices have been the most widely accepted measures of ecological diversity for the past fifty years, even though neither statistic accounts for species abundances across geographic locales ("patches"). An abundant species that is endemic to a single patch can be as much of a conservation concern as a rare cosmopolitan species. I extend Shannon's and Simpson's indices to simultaneously account for species richness and relative abundances - i.e. extend them to multispecies metacommunities - by making the inputs to each index a matrix, rather than a vector. The Shannon's index analogue of diversity is mutual entropy of species and patches divided by marginal entropy of the individual geographic patches. The Simpson's index analogue of diversity is a modification of mutual entropy, with the logarithm moved to the outside of the summation, divided by Simpson's index of the patches. Both indices are normalized for number of patches, with the result being inversely proportional to biodiversity. These methods can be extended to account for time-series of such matrices and average age-classes of each species within each patch, as well as provide a measure of spatial coherence of communities. C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gorelick, R (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Root_Gorelick@carleton.ca NR 18 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 087HN UT WOS:000240733600007 ER PT J AU Davies, SP Jackson, SK AF Davies, Susan P. Jackson, Susan K. TI The biological condition gradient: A descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; Biological Condition Gradient; biological integrity; biological monitoring; Clean Water Act; disturbance gradient; generalized stressor gradient; quantitative measures in biological assessment; stressors; tiered aquatic-life uses ID WATER-QUALITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; FISH COMMUNITIES; STREAM INTEGRITY; ASSEMBLAGES; RIVER; LAKES; INDEX; INDICATORS AB The United States Clean Water Act (CWA; 1972, and as amended, U.S. Code title 33, sections 1251-1387) provides the long-term, national objective to "restore and maintain the... biological integrity of the Nation's waters" (section 1251). However, the Act does not define the ecological components, or attributes, that constitute biological integrity nor does it recommend scientific methods to measure the condition of aquatic biota. One way to define biological integrity was described over 25 years ago as a balanced, integrated, adaptive system. Since then a variety of different methods and indices have been designed and applied by each state to quantify the biological condition of their waters. Because states in the United States use different methods to determine biological condition, it is currently difficult to determine if conditions vary across states or to combine state assessments to develop regional or national assessments. A nationally applicable model that allows biological condition to be interpreted independently of assessment methods will greatly assist the efforts of environmental practitioners in the United States to (1) assess aquatic resources more uniformly and directly and (2) communicate more clearly to the public both the current status of aquatic resources and their potential for restoration. To address this need, we propose a descriptive model, the Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) that describes how 10 ecological attributes change in response to increasing levels of stressors. We divide this gradient of biological condition into six tiers useful to water quality scientists and managers. The model was tested by determining how consistently a regionally diverse group of biologists assigned samples of macroinvertebrates or fish to the six tiers. Thirty-three macroinvertebrate biologists concurred in 81% of their 54 assignments. Eleven fish biologists concurred in 74% of their 58 assignments. These results support our contention that the BCG represents aspects of biological condition common to existing assessment methods. We believe the model is consistent with ecological theory and will provide a means to make more consistent, ecologically relevant interpretations of the response of aquatic biota to stressors and to better communicate this information to the public. C1 Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Davies, SP (reprint author), Maine Dept Environm Protect, State Huse Stn 17, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM susan.p.davies@maine.gov NR 78 TC 152 Z9 162 U1 11 U2 78 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1266 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1251:TBCGAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073EV UT WOS:000239726700002 PM 16937795 ER PT J AU Stoddard, JL Larsen, DP Hawkins, CP Johnson, RK Norris, RH AF Stoddard, John L. Larsen, David P. Hawkins, Charles P. Johnson, Richard K. Norris, Richard H. TI Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: The concept of reference condition SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE best attainable condition; bioassessment; Clean Water Act; consistency of terminology needed; historical condition; least disturbed condition; minimally disturbed condition; monitoring; reference condition defined ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; HEALTH; INDEX; GOAL AB An important component of the biological assessment of stream condition is an evaluation of the direct or indirect effects of human activities or disturbances. The concept of a "reference condition" is increasingly used to describe the standard or benchmark against Which current condition is compared. Many individual nations, and the European Union as a whole, have codified the concept of reference condition in legislation aimed at projecting and improving the ecological condition of streams. However, the phrase "reference condition" has many meanings in a variety of contexts. One of the primary purposes of this paper is to bring some consistency to the use of the term. We argue the need for a "reference condition" term that is reserved for referring to the "naturalness" of the biota (structure and function) and that naturalness implies the absence of significant human disturbance or alteration. To avoid the confusion that arises when alternative definitions of reference condition are used, we propose that the original concept of reference condition be preserved in this modified form of the term: "reference condition for biological integrity," or RC(BI). We further urge that these specific terms be used to refer to the concepts and methods used in individual bioassessments to characterize the expected condition to which current conditions are compared: "minimally disturbed condition" (MDC); 'historical condition" (HC) "least disturbed condition" (LDC); and "best attainable condition" (BAC). We argue that each of these concepts can be narrowly defined, and each implies specific methods for estimating expectations. We also describe current methods by which these expectations are estimated including: the reference-site approach (condition at minimally or least-disturbed sites); best professional judgment; interpretation of historical condition-extrapolation of empirical models and evaluation of ambient distributions. Because different assumptions about what constitutes reference condition will have important effects on the final classification of streams into condition classes, we urge that bioassessments be consistent in describing the definitions and methods used to set expectations. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Environm Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Canberra, Cooperat Res Ctr Freshwater Ecol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Stoddard, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR USA. EM stoddard.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Norris, Richard/D-2741-2009; Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008; OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 30 TC 424 Z9 445 U1 22 U2 157 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1276 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1267:SEFTEC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073EV UT WOS:000239726700003 PM 16937796 ER PT J AU McMillan, AM Bagley, MJ Jackson, SA Nacci, DE AF McMillan, Amy M. Bagley, Mark J. Jackson, Suzanne A. Nacci, Diane E. TI Genetic diversity and structure of an estuarine fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) indigenous to sites associated with a highly contaminated urban harbor SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; killifish; migration; PCB; selection ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; POPULATION-SIZE; RISK ASSESSMENT; BEDFORD HARBOR; WATER-QUALITY; RESISTANCE; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Intense selection on isolated populations can cause loss of genetic diversity, which if persistent, reduces adaptive potential and increases extinction probability. Phenotypic evidence of inherited tolerance suggests that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have acted as strong selective agents on populations of a non-migratory fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, indigenous to heavily contaminated sites. To evaluate population genetic structure and test for effects of intense, multi-generational PCB contamination on genetic diversity, we used AFLP analysis on fish collected from six sites along the east coast of North America that varied widely in PCB contamination. The sites included a heavily contaminated urban harbor (New Bedford, MA), an adjacent moderately contaminated sub-estuary (Buzzards Bay, MA), and an uncontaminated estuary 60 km away (Narragansett, RI). AFLP markers distinguished populations at moderate and small scales, suggesting genetic differentiation at distances of 2 km or less. Genetic diversity did not differ across the study sites. Genome-wide diversity may have been preserved because of large effective population sizes and/or because the mechanism for genetic adaptation to these contaminants affected only a small number of loci. Alternatively, loss in diversity may have been restored with moderate levels of migration and relatively short generation time for this species. C1 SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP McMillan, AM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM mcmillam@buffalostate.edu NR 67 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s10646-006-0090-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 087CC UT WOS:000240719000006 PM 16988885 ER PT J AU Murtishaw, S Sathaye, J LeFranc, M AF Murtishaw, S Sathaye, J LeFranc, M TI Spatial boundaries and temporal periods for setting greenhouse gas performance standards SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE multiproject baselines; GHG mitigation project; climate change AB Many methods have been devised for setting baselines for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation projects. Of these, multiproject baseline methods have emerged that yield baseline emissions rates (or performance standards), which can be used for any number of projects in the corresponding sector and region. These methods frequently rely on deriving the performance standards from the outputs and associated emissions of recently completed facilities within an appropriate reference region. However, no standard or systematic method has been accepted for determining the appropriate spatial boundary and year of construction (or implementation) for facilities to be included in the reference set. This study examines the question of how GHG crediting programs may begin to methodically address these two parameters. We use examples from power sector and land-use change and forestry projects to illustrate Our approach, but the analysis is applicable to a wide variety of GHG mitigation projects. We find that performance standards can generally be grouped into five spatial categories: global, national (or other administrative region), infrastructural, biophysical, and generic. As for temporal periods, multiyear averages produce more consistent performance standards that are often more representative of the mix of resources or technologies that can be used for a given activity than a standard based on only 1 year. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Murtishaw, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bld 90 R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sgmurtishaw@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1378 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.10.020 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GE UT WOS:000236691800007 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Gillette, DA Bergametti, G Marticorena, B AF Bowker, George E. Gillette, Dale A. Bergametti, Gilles Marticorena, Beatrice TI Modeling flow patterns in a small vegetated area in the northern Chihuahuan Desert using QUIC (Quick Urban & Industrial Complex) SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; desert vegetation; mesquite; sand transport; wind modeling; wind steering ID WIND EROSION; UNITED-STATES; STOSS SLOPE; AIR-FLOW; FIELD; DRAG; TRANSPORT; THRESHOLD AB Sandstorms are frequent in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico, an area characterized by open areas lacking vegetation, individual mesquite bushes, and mesquite coppice dunes. Field measurements of sand fluxes and wind velocities over a two year period provided a description of the area - suggesting that the "streets", the flat, elongated, non-vegetated areas aligned with the dominant wind directions are the principal sources of wind-dispersed soil and dust. However, since soil erosion and dust movement depend on the pattern, strength, and gradients in the wind field, modeling soil erosion and dust movement requires a continuous wind velocity field. Consequently, air flow patterns at this site were simulated using a semi-empirical mass-consistent diagnostic wind field model: QUIC version 3.5 (Quick Urban & Industrial Complex). Two hundred and fifty-one simulations were run encompassing several dust storms occurring in April 2003. Wind velocity vectors were compared between the model and field data at three heights for six locations and were found to correlate well for a majority of the situations suggesting that the flow patterns are consistent throughout the domain. In particular, good agreement was found for wind speeds at 0.75 m, the height for which the model was tuned. However, it overestimated velocities at 1.5 m (10%) and 3.15 m (13%). Generally, the model successfully identified locations of the highest wind velocities and wind stresses, predominately found in "streets" aligned with the driving wind, and locations of wake flow downwind of mesquite bushes where there was separation flow or otherwise shelter from the wind. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, US Dept Commerce, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, CNRS, UMR 7583, Creteil, France. Univ Paris 12, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, CNRS, UMR 7583, Creteil, France. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, MD-81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowker.george@epa.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 359 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10652-005-6021-8 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 063DT UT WOS:000238997200004 ER PT J AU Kaku, VJ Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD Weaver, J AF Kaku, Vikram J. Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. Weaver, James TI Flow dynamics in eccentrically rotating flasks used for dispersant effectiveness testing SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE anemometers; data acquisition; eccentric; energy dissipation; oil spills; rotating flasks; time series analysis; turbulence; velocity gradient ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; TURBULENT-FLOW; STIRRED MIXER; PARAMETERS; TURBINE; FLUID; FIELD AB The evaluation of dispersant effectiveness used for oil spills is commonly done using tests conducted in laboratory flasks. We used a Hot Wire Anemometer (HWA) to characterize mixing dynamics in the Swirling Flask (SF) and the Baffled Flask (BF), the latter is being considered by the EPA to replace the prior to test dispersant effectiveness in the laboratory. Five rotation speeds of the orbital shaker carrying the flasks were considered, Omega = 50, 100, 150, 175 and 200 rpm. The radial and azimuthal water speeds were measured for each Omega. It was found that the flow in the SF is, in general, two-dimensional changing from horizontal at low Omega to axi-symmetric at high Omega. The flow in the BF appeared to be three-dimensional at all rotation speeds. This indicates that the BF is more suitable for representing the (inherently) 3-D flow at sea. In the SF, the speeds and energy dissipation rates epsilon increased gradually as the rotation speed increased. Those in the BF increased sharply at rotation speeds greater than 150 rpm. At 200 rpm, the Kolmogorov scale (i.e., size of smallest eddies) was about 250 and 50 mu m in the SF and BF, respectively. Noting that the observed droplet sizes of dispersed oils range from 50 to 400 mu m (hence most of it is less than 250 mu m), one concludes that the mixing in the SF (even at 200 rpm) is not representative of the vigorous mixing occurring at sea. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Oil Spill Res Program, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 385 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10652-006-0003-3 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 063DT UT WOS:000238997200005 ER PT J AU Casteel, SW Weis, CP Henningsen, GM Brattin, WJ AF Casteel, Stan W. Weis, Christopher P. Henningsen, Gerry M. Brattin, William J. TI Estimation of relative bioavailability of lead in soil and soil-like materials using young swine SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE lead; RBA; relative bioavailability; swine ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; HUMANS; ABSORPTION; FOOD AB In this article we summarize the results of a series of studies that measured the relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead in a variety of soil and soil-like test materials. Reference material (Ph acetate) or Pb-contaminated soils were administered orally to juvenile swine twice a day for 15 days. Blood samples were collected from each animal at multiple times during the course of the study, and samples of liver, kidney, and bone were collected at sacrifice. All samples were analyzed for Pb. We estimated the RBA of a test material by fitting mathematical models to the dose-response curves for each measurement end point and finding the ratio of doses that gave equal responses. The final RBA for a test material is the simple average of the four end point-specific RBA values. Results from 19 different test materials reveal a wide range of RBA values across different exposure materials, ranging from 6 to 105%. This variability in RBA between different samples highlights the importance of reliable RBA data to help improve risk assessments for Ph in soil. Although the RBA value for a sample depends on the relative amounts of the different chemical and physical forms of Ph present, data are not yet adequate to allow reliable quantitative predictions, of RBA from chemical speciation data alone. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO USA. H&H Sci Serv LLP, Evansville, IN USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Denver, CO USA. RP Weis, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM weis.chris@epa.gov NR 21 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1162 EP 1171 DI 10.1289/ehp.8852 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000036 PM 16882520 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Hubbard, A Wade, TJ Sylvester, MD LeChevallier, MW Levy, DA Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. Hubbard, Alan Wade, Timothy J. Sylvester, Matthew D. LeChevallier, Mark W. Levy, Deborah A. Colford, John M., Jr. TI Inferences drawn from a risk assessment compared directly with a randomized trial of a home drinking water intervention SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE drinking water; gastrointestinal; intervention trial; microbial risk assessment; waterborne pathogens ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION; VOLUNTEERS; GIARDIA; DISEASE; MODELS AB Risk assessments and intervention trials have been used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to estimate drinking water health risks. Seldom are both methods used concurrently. Between 2001 and 2003, illness data from a trial were collected simultaneously with exposure data, providing a unique opportunity to compare direct risk estimates of waterborne disease from the intervention trial with indirect estimates from a risk assessment. Comparing the group with water treatment (active) with that without water treatment (sham), the estimated annual attributable disease rate (cases per 10,000 persons per year) from the trial provided no evidence of a significantly elevated drinking water risk [attributable risk = -365 cases/year, sham minus active; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2,555 to 1,825]. The predicted mean rate of disease per 10,000 persons per person-year from the risk assessment was 13.9 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.6, 37.7) assuming 4 log removal due to viral disinfection and 5.5 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.4, 19.2) assuming 6 log removal. Risk assessments are important under conditions of low risk when estimates are difficult to attain from trials. In particular, this assessment pointed toward the importance of attaining site-specific treatment data and the clear need for a better understanding of viral removal by disinfection. Trials provide direct risk estimates, and the upper confidence limit estimates, even if not statistically significant, are informative about possible upper estimates of likely risk. These differences suggest that conclusions about waterborne disease risk may be strengthened by the joint use of these two approaches. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Amer Water, Voorhees, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 611 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM jnse@umich.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU916961] NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1289/ehp.8682 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000041 PM 16882525 ER PT J AU Mahajan, R Bonner, MR Hoppin, JA Alavanja, MCR AF Mahajan, Rajeev Bonner, Matthew R. Hoppin, Jane A. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Phorate exposure and incidence of cancer in the agricultural health study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; insecticides; neoplasms; occupational exposure; organophosphorus compounds; organothiophosphorus compounds; pesticides; prostate; phorate ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PROSTATE-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450; FAMILY HISTORY; COHORT; FARMERS; MEN AB BACKGROUND: We recently reported a link between use of the organophosphate pesticide phorate and risk of prostate cancer among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). OBJECTIVE: This finding, together with findings of associations between other organophosphate pesticides and cancer more broadly, prompted us to examine phorate exposure and overall cancer incidence in the AHS. Adding 3 years of follow-up and using more detailed exposure information allowed us to see whether the prostate cancer finding held. METHODS: The AHS is a prospective study of licensed, restricted-use pesticide applicators from North Carolina and Iowa. To our knowledge, this is the largest examination of workers occupationally exposed to phorate. Pesticide exposure and other information was collected using two self-administered questionnaires completed from 1993 to 1997. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Phorate use was not related to the incidence of all cancers combined or to any individual cancer, although we had insufficient numbers to study non-Hodgkin lymphoma or leukemia, which have been linked to organophosphates in other studies. Although prostate cancer risk was not significantly related to phorate use overall or among those without a family history, the risk tended to increase among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer. The interaction RR was 1.53 (95% CI, 0.99-2.37). CONCLUSION: The observed statistical interaction suggests a gene-environment interaction between family history and phorate exposure in the incidence of prostate cancer, but other explanations are also possible. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 42 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1205 EP 1209 DI 10.1289/ehp.8911 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000042 PM 16882526 ER PT J AU Elliott, L Longnecker, MP Kissling, GE London, SJ AF Elliott, Leslie Longnecker, Matthew P. Kissling, Grace E. London, Stephanie J. TI Volatile organic compounds and pulmonary function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air fresheners; air pollution (indoor); deodorants; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; exposure; environmental exposure; FEV1; lung function; respiratory function tests; VOC ID BLOOD-CONCENTRATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; US POPULATION; LUNG-FUNCTION; EXPOSURE; SYMPTOMS; ASTHMA; CHILDREN; MIXTURE; AIR AB BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in much higher concentrations indoors, where people spend most of their time, than outdoors and may have adverse health effects. VOCs have been associated with respiratory symptoms, but few studies address objective respiratory end points such as pulmonary function. Blood levels of VOCs may be more indicative of personal exposures than are air concentrations; no studies have addressed their relationship with respiratory outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether concentrations of 11 VOCs that were commonly identified in blood from a sample of the U.S. population were associated with pulmonary function. METHODS: We used data from 953 adult participants (20-59 years of age) in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) who had VOC blood measures as well as pulmonary function measures. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between 11 VOCs and measures of pulmonary function. RESULTS: After adjustment for smoking, only 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) was associated with reduced pulmonary function. Participants in the highest decile of 1,4-DCB concentration had decrements of -153 mL [95% confidence interval (CI), -297 to -8] in forced expiratory volume in I see and -346 mL/sec (95% CI, -667 to -24) in maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, compared with participants in the lowest decile. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 1,4-DCB, a VOC related to the use of air fresheners, toilet bowl deodorants, and mothballs, at levels found in the U.S. general population, may result in reduced pulmonary function. This common exposure may have long-term adverse effects on respiratory health. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1210 EP 1214 DI 10.1289/ehp.9019 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000043 PM 16882527 ER PT J AU Owens, W Zeiger, E Walker, M Ashby, J Onyon, L Gray, LE AF Owens, William Zeiger, Errol Walker, Michael Ashby, John Onyon, Lesley Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI The OECD program to validate the rat Hershberger bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo androgen and antiandrogen responses. Phase 1: Use of a potent agonist and a potent antagonist to test the standardized protocol SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE androgen; antiandrogen; bulbocavernosus; Cowper's glands; endocrine disruption; flutamide; glans penis; Hershberger; levator ani; seminal vesicles; testosterone propionate; validation; ventral prostate ID UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; TESTICULAR HORMONE; ASSAY; INHIBITION; MECHANISMS AB The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has completed phase I of the Hershberger validation intended to identify in vivo activity of suspected androgens and anti-androgens. Seventeen laboratories from 7 countries participated in phase 1, and results were collated and evaluated by the OECD with the support of an international committee of experts. Five androgen-responsive tissues (ventral prostate, paired seminal vesicles and coagulating glands, levator ani and bulbocavemosus muscles, glans penis, and paired Cowper's or bulbourethral glands) were evaluated. The standardized protocols used selected doses of a reference androgen, testosterone propionate (TP), and an antiandrogen, flutamide (FLU). All laboratories successfully detected TP-stimulated increases in androgen-responsive tissue weight and decreases in TP-stimulated tissue weights when FLU was co-administered. The standardized protocols performed well under a variety of conditions (e.g., strain, diet, housing protocol, bedding). There was good agreement among laboratories with regard to the TP doses inducing significant increases in tissue weights and the FLU doses decreasing TP-stimulated tissue weights. Several additional procedures (e.g., weighing of the dorsolateral prostate and fixation of tissues before weighing) and serum component measurements (e.g., luteinizing hormone) were also included by some laboratories to assess their potential utility. The results indicated that the OECD Hershberger protocol was robust, reproducible, and transferable across laboratories. Based on this phase 1 validation study, the protocols have been refined, and the next phase of the OECD validation program will test the protocol with selected doses of weak androgen agonists, androgen antagonists, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, and chemicals having no androgenic activity. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Owens, W (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, POB 538707, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. EM owens.jw@pg.com NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1259 EP 1265 DI 10.1289/ehp.8751 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000052 PM 16882536 ER PT J AU Young, DF Carleton, JN AF Young, DF Carleton, JN TI Implementation of a probabilistic curve number method in the PRZM runoff model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE curve number; runoff; PRZM ID MOISTURE CONDITION PROBABILITIES; VARYING SITE MOISTURE; UNCERTAINTY; INPUT AB Runoff from agricultural fields, which is a major factor influencing ecological and human exposure assessments, is often estimated by models that use the curve number method. One such model, PRZM, adjusts curve number on a daily basis according to calculated soil moisture in a manner that does not usually capture the full range of variability in rainfall-runoff relationships. Under the assumption that soil moisture alone cannot account for the large observed variability in event-to-event curve number, we modiged PRZM by decoupling the curve number from any soil moisture relationship. Instead, We varied the daily curve number by randomly selecting the day's initial abstraction from a distribution. Using field data, we showed that the modified PRZM better characterized the variability in the rainfall-runoff relationship than the method based on soil moisture. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Young, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Mail Code 7507C,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM young.dirk@epa.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1172 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.06.004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055OR UT WOS:000238460500008 ER PT J AU Gordon, DA Toth, GP Graham, DW Lazorchak, JA Redd, TV Knapp, CW deNoyelles, F Campbell, S Lattier, DL AF Gordon, DA Toth, GP Graham, DW Lazorchak, JA Redd, TV Knapp, CW deNoyelles, F Campbell, S Lattier, DL TI Effects of eutrophication on vitellogenin gene expression in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol in field mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nutrient enrichment; 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol; fathead minnow; vitellogenin; mesocosms ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AEROBIC AQUATIC SYSTEMS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; WASTE-WATER; ALACHLOR TRANSFORMATION; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; RAINBOW-TROUT; STW EFFLUENT; LAKE AB This study evaluated the effect of aquatic secondary nutrient supply levels (nitrogen and phosphorus) on the subcellular response of adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to a single nominal concentration of 17 alpha-ethynytestradiol (EE2), a potent synthetic estrogen, under quasi-natural field conditions. Outdoor mesocosms were maintained under low, medium, and high nutrient supply conditions as categorized by total phosphorus (TP) level (nominal 0.012, 0.025, and 0.045 mg TP/L, respectively), and treated with EE2 with and without a carrier solvent. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods, vitellogenin gene (Vg) expression was determined in the fish collected at 0 h, 8 h, 24 h, 4 d, 7 d, and 14 d post-exposure. Induction of Vg was detected as early as 8 It post-exposure, with and without the carrier solvent, and persisted through Day 14. Results showed Vg to be significantly greater at low nutrient levels (p < 0.05), suggesting that EE2 bioavailability to the fish was likely greater under less-turbid water conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div,Mol Indicators Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Graham, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div,Mol Indicators Res Branch, 26 W Martin L King Dr,M-S 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dwgraham@ku.edu; lattier.david@epa.gov RI Knapp, Charles/D-3373-2009 OI Knapp, Charles/0000-0001-7997-8543 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.041 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049GO UT WOS:000238004400020 PM 16413089 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Ryba, SA Cantwell, MG Gundersen, JL Tien, R Perron, MM AF Burgess, Robert M. Ryba, Stephan A. Cantwell, Mark G. Gundersen, Jennifer L. Tien, Rex Perron, Monique M. TI Interaction of planar and nonplanar organic contaminants with coal fly ash: Effects of polar and nonpolar solvent solutions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; black carbon; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyls; molecular modeling ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; ACTIVATED CARBON; PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PREFERENTIAL SORPTION; BLACK CARBON; ADSORPTION; WATER; SOOT AB Coal fly ash has a very high sorption capacity for a variety of anthropogenic contaminants and has been used to cleanse wastewater of pollutants for approximately 40 years. Like other black carbons, the planar structure of the residual carbon in fly ash results in elevated affinities for planar organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present study was performed to understand better the mechanisms affecting the strong interaction between planar contaminants and coal fly ash. The removal of 10 PCBs and 10 PAHs by several fly ashes and other sorbents was evaluated under different experimental conditions to highlight the intermolecular forces influencing adsorption. Varying fly ash concentration and solvent system composition indicated that dispersive interactions were most prevalent. For the PCBs, empirical results also were compared to molecular modeling estimates of the energy necessary for the PCB molecule to assume a planar conformation (PC(e)). The PC(e) levels ranged from 8 to 25 kcal/mol, depending on the degree of ortho-substituted chlorination of the PCB. A significant correlation between PC(e) and PCB removal from solution was observed for the fly ashes and activated carbon, whereas the nonplanar sorbent octadecyl (C(18)) indicated no relationship. These findings demonstrate the strong interaction between black carbon fly ash and planar organic contaminants. Furthermore, as exemplified by the PCBs, these results show how this interaction is a function of a contaminant's ability to assume a planar conformation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Analyt Serv, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. US EPA, Qual Assurance Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2028 EP 2037 DI 10.1897/05-567R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 084AX UT WOS:000240505000009 PM 16916021 ER PT J AU Owens, CV Lambright, C Cardon, M Gray, LE Gullett, BK Wilson, VS AF Owens, Clyde V., Jr. Lambright, Christy Cardon, Mary Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Gullett, Brian K. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Detection of androgenic activity in emissions from diesel fuel and biomass combustion SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; diesel exhaust; biomass; androgenic activity ID PROSTATE CARCINOMA-CELLS; EXHAUST PARTICLES; ANTIESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; MILL EFFLUENT; RIVER WATER; MALE RATS; RECEPTOR; EXTRACTS; AGONIST; HYDROXYFLUTAMIDE AB The present study evaluated both diesel fuel exhaust and biomass (wood) burn extracts for androgen receptor-mediated activity using MDA-kb2 cells, which contain an androgen-responsive promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct. This assay and analytical fractionization of the samples were used as tools to separate active from inactive fractions, with the goal of identifying the specific compounds responsible for the activity. A significant androgenic response was detected from the diesel emission. High-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation of the sample indicated that significant androgenic activity was retained in three fractions. 4-Hydroxybiphenyl was identified from the most active fraction using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. This purified compound was then tested at doses from 1 nM to 100 mu M. 4-Hydroxybiphenol exhibited antagonist activity at low concentrations and agonist activity at high concentrations. A competitive-binding assay confirmed binding to the androgen receptor, with a median inhibitory concentration for radioligand binding of approximately 370 nM. Significant androgenic activity also was detected in the wood burn samples, but we were unable to identify the specific chemicals responsible for this endocrine activity. The present study demonstrates that in vitro bioassays can serve as sensitive bioanalytical tools to aid in characterization of complex environmental mixtures. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Owens, CV (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM owens.clyde@epa.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2123 EP 2131 DI 10.1897/05-551R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 084AX UT WOS:000240505000020 PM 16916032 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Murphy, MB Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Butterworth, BC Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Linnum, A Leino, RL Curtis, LR Giesy, JP Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Murphy, Margaret B. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Butterworth, Brian C. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Linnum, Ann Leino, Richard L. Curtis, Lawrence R. Giesy, John P. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Evaluation of the methoxytriazine herbicide prometon using a short-term fathead minnow reproduction test and a suite of in vitro bioassays SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocrine-disrupting chemicals; methoxytriazines; secondary sex characteristics; steroids; reproduction ID WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; AROMATASE CYP19 ACTIVITY; S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CELL-LINE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; FISCHER-344 RATS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION AB Prometon is one of the most consistently detected herbicides in the U.S. environment. However, no previous assessment of the potential for prometon or related methoxytriazine herbicides to act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been conducted. This study used an array of in vitro bioassays to assess whether prometon, atraton, terbumeton, or secbumeton might act as potent (ant)agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon, estrogen, androgen, or glucocorticoid receptors or as aromatase inhibitors or inducers in vitro. Potential effects of prometon were also evaluated using a 21-d fathead minnow reproduction assay. Concentrations of methoxytriazines, as great as 1 mg/L (4.4 mu M), did not induce significant dioxin-like responses in H4IIE-luc cells, estrogenic responses in MVLN cells, or androgen or glucocorticoid receptor-mediated responses in MDA-kb2 cells, nor did the metboxytriazines significantly affect aromatase activity in vitro. In the fathead minnow assay, exposure to 20, 200, or 1,000 mu g prometon/L significantly reduced the weight of the male fat pad (an androgen-responsive tissue) relative to body weight. Exposure to 20 mu g prometon/L significantly increased female plasma testosterone concentrations, but the effect was not observed at greater concentrations. Overall, prometon did not significantly reduce fecundity over the 21-d exposure, nor were other endpoints, including plasma vitellogenin and estradiol concentrations, brain and ovary aromatase activity, and male tubercle index, significantly affected. Evidence from our work suggests that prometon may cause subtle endocrine and/or reproductive effects in fathead minnows, but no clear mechanism of action was observed. The relevance of these effects to hazard assessment for the pesticide is uncertain. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32ES07255] NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2143 EP 2153 DI 10.1897/05-604R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 084AX UT WOS:000240505000022 PM 16916034 ER PT J AU Pfleeger, TG Olszyk, D Burdick, CA King, G Kern, J Fletcher, J AF Pfleeger, Thomas G. Olszyk, David Burdick, Connie A. King, George Kern, Jeffrey Fletcher, John TI Using a geographic information system to identify areas with potential for off-target pesticide exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Geographic Information System; plant toxicology; ecological risk assessment; plant test species ID SENSITIVITY AB In many countries, numerous tests are required as part of the risk assessment process before chemical registration to protect human health and the environment from unintended effects of chemical releases. Most of these tests are not based on ecological or environmental relevance but, rather, on consistent performance in the laboratory. A conceptual approach based on Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has been developed to identify areas that are vulnerable to nontarget chemical exposure. This GIS-based approach uses wind speed, frequency of those winds, pesticide application rates, and spatial location of agricultural crops to identify areas with the highest potential for pesticide exposure. A test scenario based on an incident in Idaho (USA) was used to identify the relative magnitude of risk from off-target movement of herbicides to plants in the conterminous United States. This analysis indicated that the western portion of the Corn Belt, the central California valley, southeastern Washington, the Willamette Valley of Oregon, and agricultural areas bordering the Great Lakes are among those areas in the United States that appear to have the greatest potential for off-target movement of herbicides via drift. Agricultural areas, such as the Mississippi River Valley and the southeastern United States, appears to have less potential, possibly due to lower average wind speeds. Ecological risk assessments developed for pesticide registration would be improved by using response data from species common to high-risk areas instead of extrapolating test data from species unrelated to those areas with the highest potential for exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Pfleeger, TG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM pfleeger.thomas@epa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2250 EP 2259 DI 10.1897/05-281R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 084AX UT WOS:000240505000033 PM 16916045 ER PT J AU Wozniak, AS Roman, CT Wainright, SC McKinney, RA James-Pirri, MJ AF Wozniak, Andrew S. Roman, Charles T. Wainright, Sam C. McKinney, Richard A. James-Pirri, Mary-Jane TI Monitoring food web changes in tide-restored salt marshes: A carbon stable isotope approach SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS L; RIVER-DOMINATED ESTUARY; ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; NEW-ENGLAND; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; NEW-JERSEY; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; APALACHICOLA BAY; TROPHIC POSITION; EDAPHIC ALGAE AB Primary producer (angiosperms, macroalgae, submerged aquatic vegetation), suspended particulate matter, and Fundulus heteroclitus isotope values (delta C-13, delta N-15, delta S-34) were examined to assess their use as indicators for changes in food web support functions in tidally-restored salt marshes. Study sites, located throughout the southern New England region (USA), ranged from Spartina atterniflora-dominated reference marshes, marshes under various regimes and histories of tide restoration, and a severely tide-restricted Phragmites australis marsh. Fundulus delta C-13 values were greater for fish from reference Spartina marshes than for fish from adjacent tide-restricted or tide-restored marshes where higher percent cover of C-3 plants, lower water column salinities, and more negative dissolved inorganic delta C-13 values were observed. The difference in Fundulus delta C-15 values between a tide-restricted Phragmites marsh and an adjacent reference Spartina marsh was great compared to the difference between marshes at various stages of tide restoration and their respective reference marshes, suggesting that food web support functions are restored as the degree of tidal restriction is lessened. While a multiple isotopic approach can provide valuable information for determining specific food sources to consumers, this study demonstrates that monitoring Fundulus delta C-13 values alone may be useful to evaluate the trajectory of ecological change for marshes undergoing tidal restoration. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Natl Pk Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Coast Guard Acad, Dept Sci, New London, CT 06320 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wozniak, AS (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346,Gloucester Point, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM wozniak@vims.edu NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 28 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 568 EP 578 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 085KB UT WOS:000240601900003 ER PT J AU Lacouture, RV Johnson, JM Buchanan, C Marshall, HG AF Lacouture, Richard V. Johnson, Jacqueline M. Buchanan, Claire Marshall, Harold G. TI Phytoplankton index of biotic integrity for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; BENTHIC INDEX; RIVER ESTUARY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON AB A Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI) was developed from data collected during 18 yr (1985-2002) of the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), orthophosphate (PO4), and Secchi depth were used to characterize phytoplankton habitat conditions. Low DIN and PO4 concentrations and high Secchi depths characterized least-impaired conditions. Thirty-eight phytoplankton metrics were tested for their ability to discriminate between impaired and least-impaired habitat conditions. Twelve discriminatory metrics were chosen, and different combinations of these twelve metrics were scored and used to create phytoplankton community indexes for spring and summer in the four salinity regimes in Chesapeake Bay. The scoring criteria for each metric were based on the distribution of the metric's values in least-impaired conditions relative to the distribution in impaired conditions. An independent data set and jackknife validation procedure were used to examine P-IBI performance. The P-IBI correctly classified 70.0-84.4% of the impaired and least-impaired. samples, grouped by season and salinity, in the calibration data set. The P-IBI is a management tool to assess phytoplankton community status relative to estuarine nutrient and light conditions. C1 Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA. US EPA, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. Interstate Commiss Photomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Lacouture, RV (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, 10545 Mackall Rd, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA. EM rlacouture@moac.morgan.edu NR 140 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 598 EP 616 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 085KB UT WOS:000240601900005 ER PT J AU Scavia, D Kelly, ELA Hagy, JD AF Scavia, Donald Kelly, Emily L. A. Hagy, James D., III TI A simple model for forecasting the effects of nitrogen loads on Chesapeake Bay hypoxia SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIVER FLOW; PHYTOPLANKTON; EUTROPHICATION; VARIABILITY; RESTORATION; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; BIOMASS AB The causes and consequences of oxygen depletion in Chesapeake Bay have been the focus of research, assessment, and policy action over the past several decades. An ongoing scientific re-evaluation of what nutrient load reductions are necessary to meet the water quality goals is needed. While models can provide insights and advice for public policy on load reduction goals, they are caricatures of nature, and it is wise to use independent modeling approaches. In this paper, we describe our simple, biophysically based model that offers a middle ground between statistical models and complex dynamic models. Our model suggests that the target total nitrogen load reduction of 35% will reduce hypoxic volumes by 36-68%, which, on average (53% or 3.4 km(3)) is lower than values reported for 1950-1970 (4.2 km(3)), and roughly half of the values reported for 1980-1990 (7.2 km(3)). By pursuing a simple model construct, we were able to quantify uncertainty to a greater extent than is possible with the more complex numerical models. Yet, by retaining some mechanistic detail we could validate the model against state variables and process rates, an advantage over simple regressions. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Scavia, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM scavia@umich.edu OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 674 EP 684 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 085KB UT WOS:000240601900012 ER PT J AU Marshall, HG Lacouture, RV Buchanan, C Johnson, JM AF Marshall, Harold G. Lacouture, Richard V. Buchanan, Claire Johnson, Jacqueline M. TI Phytoplankton assemblages associated with water quality and salinity regions in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; phytoplankton; water quality; salinity ID ESTUARIES; VIRGINIA; NUTRIENTS; DELAWARE; PATTERNS; TRENDS; RIVERS; LIGHT AB Based on an 18-year data base (1984-2002), seasonal (spring, summer) phytoplankton relationships to specific environmental determinants were identified within different salinity regions of Chesapeake Bay. Growth conditions in these areas were identified as either less favorable (Impaired) or favorable (Least Impaired) for phytoplankton development. Diatoms represented the greatest cellular abundance and biomass during spring in different salinity regions and water quality conditions. In contrast, the dominant summer floral biomass was produced by a combination of diatoms, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria in tidal freshwater and oligohaline waters, with diatoms and dinoflagellates representing the major algal biomass in mesohaline and polyhaline regions. Chlorophyte and cyanobacteria abundance and biomass decreased with the increasing salinities of the mesohaline and polyhaline regions, in contrast to increased biomass and abundance by dinoflagellates and diatoms. The common background taxa and an additional biomass source throughout these seasons were cryptophytes. Increased summer cyanobacteria abundance and biomass in the Impaired water of the tidal fresh and oligohaline regions were associated with reduced light availability and higher nutrient concentrations. The summer diatoms and dinoflagellates had increased mean cell sizes in the Least Impaired mesohaline and polyhaline waters compared to their populations in Impaired regions. This relationship was enhanced by increased abundance of neritic diatoms and dinoflagellates entering the Bay from Atlantic coastal waters. The data suggested a general reduction of existing nutrient levels and improved light availability in the Impaired waters would still continue the dominance of diatom flora over any additional cyanobacteria development. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonards, NSW 20685, Australia. Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US EPA, Instate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Marshall, HG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM hmarshal@odu.edu; rlacouture@moac.morgan.edu; cbuchan@icprb.org; jjohnson@chesapeakebay.net NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.03.019 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 075AW UT WOS:000239855300003 ER PT J AU Monarca, S Donato, F Zerbini, I Calderon, RL Craun, GF AF Monarca, Silvano Donato, Francesco Zerbini, Ilaria Calderon, Rebecca L. Craun, Gunther F. TI Review of epidemiological studies on drinking water hardness and cardiovascular diseases SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION LA English DT Review DE drinking water hardness; magnesium; calcium; cardiovascular diseases ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; DIETARY MAGNESIUM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARTERY-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DEFICIENT MICE AB Background Major risk factors do not entirely explain the worldwide variability of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Environmental exposures, including drinking water minerals may affect cardiovascular disease risks. Method We conducted a qualitative review of the epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness and calcium and magnesium levels. Results Many but not all ecological studies found an inverse (i.e., protective) association between cardiovascular disease mortality and water hardness, calcium, or magnesium levels; but results are not consistent. Some case-control studies and one cohort study found either a reduced cardiovascular disease mortality risk with increased drinking water magnesium levels or an increased risk with low magnesium levels. However, the analytical studies provide little evidence that cardiovascular risks are associated with drinking water hardness or calcium levels. Conclusion Information from epidemiological and other studies supports the hypothesis that a low intake of magnesium may increase the risk of dying from, and possibly developing, cardiovascular disease or stroke. Thus, not removing magnesium from drinking water, or in certain situations increasing the magnesium intake from water, may be beneficial, especially for populations with an insufficient dietary intake of the mineral. C1 Univ Perugia, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Brescia, Dept Expt & Appl Med, Hyg Sect, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA USA. RP Monarca, S (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, Via Giochetto, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. EM monarca@unipg.it NR 100 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1741-8267 J9 EUR J CARDIOV PREV R JI Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000214608.99113.5c PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 081AG UT WOS:000240289000004 PM 16874137 ER PT J AU Robertson, MM AF Robertson, Morgan M. TI Emerging ecosystem service markets: trends in a decade of entrepreneurial wetland banking. SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Markets in ecosystem services are now commonly considered by policy makers to be effective ways of achieving the goals of federal environmental protection laws. However, little empirical data currently informs policy development around such markets. Can a market-like arrangement solve the problems of compensatory wetland replacement under the Clean Water Act? This research examines the dynamics of the Chicago, Illinois market in wetland credits over a 9-year period, and shows that, although successful in many ways, it is prone to regulatory turbulence and may not fully address losses of wetland function. Market-based approaches to environmental policy problems will proliferate as more policy makers become convinced of the power of markets to achieve effective environmental conservation. Due to the new challenges of standardized commodity measurement that are present in these markets, environmental scientists are likely to be increasingly drawn into policy development and evaluation. This article is intended to alert ecosystem scientists and the environmental policy community to issues involved in evaluating the success of ecosystem service markets in achieving environmental policy goals. C1 US EPA, Off Water Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Robertson, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water Wetlands Div, 1301 Consitut Ave,7233E, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM roberston.morgan@epa.gov NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 4 IS 6 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[297:EESMTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070MU UT WOS:000239527600014 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ White, D Neilson, RP Blaustein, AR AF Lawler, Joshua J. White, Denis Neilson, Ronald P. Blaustein, Andrew R. TI Predicting climate-induced range shifts: model differences and model reliability SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate-envelope models; extinction; geographic range; model averaging; model prediction; random forest predictors ID LAND-COVER DATA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; RANDOM FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; TREE; VALIDATION; SCENARIOS; ENVELOPE AB Predicted changes in the global climate are likely to cause large shifts in the geographic ranges of many plant and animal species. To date, predictions of future range shifts have relied on a variety of modeling approaches with different levels of model accuracy. Using a common data set, we investigated the potential implications of alternative modeling approaches for conclusions about future range shifts and extinctions. Our common data set entailed the current ranges of 100 randomly selected mammal species found in the western hemisphere. Using these range maps, we compared six methods for modeling predicted future ranges. Predicted future distributions differed markedly across the alternative modeling approaches, which in turn resulted in estimates of extinction rates that ranged between 0% and 7%, depending on which model was used. Random forest predictors, a model-averaging approach, consistently outperformed the other techniques (correctly predicting > 99% of current absences and 86% of current presences). We conclude that the types of models used in a study can have dramatic effects on predicted range shifts and extinction rates; and that model-averaging approaches appear to have the greatest potential for predicting range shifts in the face of climate change. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 65 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1568 EP 1584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01191.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063FZ UT WOS:000239004700018 ER PT J AU Van Houtven, G Powers, J Jessup, A Yang, JC AF Van Houtven, George Powers, John Jessup, Amber Yang, Jui-Chen TI Valuing avoided morbidity using meta-regression analysis: what can health status measures and QALYs tell us about WTP? SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE health valuation; meta-analysis; meta-regression analysis; benefit transfer ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; AIR-POLLUTION; CARE; CHOICE; LIFE; METAANALYSIS; QUALITY; TAIWAN AB Many economists argue that willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures are most appropriate for assessing the welfare effects of health changes. Nevertheless, the health evaluation literature is still dominated by studies estimating nonmonetary health status measures (HSMs), which are often used to assess changes in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Using meta-regression analysis, this paper combines results from both WTP and HSM studies applied to acute morbidity, and it tests whether a systematic relationship exists between HSM and WTP estimates. We analyze over 230 WTP estimates from 17 different studies and find evidence that QALY-based estimates of illness severity as measured by the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) Scale - are significant factors in explaining variation in WTP, as are changes in the duration of illness and the average income and age of the study populations. In addition, we test and reject the assumption of a constant WTP per QALY gain. We also demonstrate how the estimated meta-regression equations can serve as benefit transfer functions for policy analysis. By specifying the change in duration and severity of the acute illness and the characteristics of the affected population, we apply the regression functions to predict average WTP per case avoided. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van Houtven, G (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gvh@rti.org NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 775 EP 795 DI 10.1002/hec.1105 PG 21 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 070OB UT WOS:000239531000002 PM 16544361 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS Etterson, MA AF Bennett, Richard S. Etterson, Matthew A. TI Estimating pesticide effects on fecundity rates of wild birds using current laboratory reproduction tests SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE avian reproduction; population model; fecundity; lab-to-field extrapolation; pesticides ID DIETARY METHYL PARATHION; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; AVIAN REPRODUCTION; AZINPHOS-METHYL; NESTING SUCCESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; APPLE ORCHARDS AB Regulatory agencies have used laboratory toxicity tests for decades to assess potential risks of pesticide use to wildlife, but questions remain about the ecological significance of test results. Population models may provide a valuable tool for projecting the consequences of pesticide use if information exists on the relationship between exposure and effects on survival and fecundity rates. We review issues of using avian reproduction test results for estimating changes in fecundity rates of wild birds. The avian reproduction test originated from studies focused on eggshell quality and embryotoxic effects of bioaccumulating, organochlorine pesticides. Current pesticides exhibit other potential reproductive effects that are not measured or that are poorly characterized. Because several experimental design features of the laboratory test may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the magnitude of risk of a particular pesticide to wild birds, determination of the magnitude of effects on fecundity cannot be based solely on the results of standardized laboratory tests. Quantifying the overall impact of pesticides on avian fecundity rates for use in population modeling will require additional information from modified laboratory tests that address specific questions, field monitoring or experimental field studies, and simulation models of avian productivity. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bennett.rick@epa.gov NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 762 EP 781 DI 10.1080/10807030500531489 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081XX UT WOS:000240352000007 ER PT J AU Kongerud, J Madden, MC Hazucha, M Peden, D AF Kongerud, Johny Madden, Michael C. Hazucha, Milan Peden, David TI Nasal responses in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects following exposure to diesel exhaust particles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IGE PRODUCTION; IN-VITRO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; AIRWAYS; SENSITIZATION; EXPRESSION; CHALLENGE; EMISSIONS; TOXICITY AB Asthma rates have been increasing worldwide, and exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may be implicated in this increase. DEP may also play a role in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with ambient airborne particulate matter ( PM) exposure. Two types of nasal responses have been reported for human subjects nasally instilled with one type of DEP: alterations in cytokines responses, and an increase in immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Since DEP composition can vary depending on several factors, including fuel composition and engine load, the ability of another DEP particle and ozone-treated DEP to alter nasal IgE and cytokine production was examined. Nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects were intranasally instilled with 300 mu g NIST 1650 DEP per nostril, NIST 1650 DEP previously exposed to ozone (ozDEP; 300 mu g/nostril), or vehicle. Subjects underwent nasal lavage before DEP exposure, and 4 and 96 h after exposure. Nasal cell populations and soluble mediators in the nasal lavage fluid were characterized. Total cell number, cell types, cell viability, concentrations of soluble mediators ( including interleukin [IL]-8, IL-6, IgE, and granulocyte - macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) were not altered by either DEP or ozDEP exposure. NO levels were not altered by either particle exposure. These findings suggest that DEP can be relatively noninflammatory and nontoxic, and that the physicochemical characteristics of DEP need to be considered when assessing the health effects of exposure to diesel exhaust. C1 Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Lungeavdelingen, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Madden, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd,MD 58B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM madden.michael@epa.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1080/08958370600743027 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 070ZR UT WOS:000239566800001 PM 16864550 ER PT J AU Scarano, WR Messias, AG Oliva, SU Klinefelter, GR Kempinas, WG AF Scarano, W. R. Messias, A. G. Oliva, S. U. Klinefelter, G. R. Kempinas, W. G. TI Sexual behaviour, sperm quantity and quality after short-term streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; epididymis; fertility; rat; sperm; streptozotocin ID DIABETIC MALE-RATS; EPIDIDYMAL SPERM; ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; GONADAL DYSFUNCTION; ADULT-RATS; AXIS; GONADOTROPIN; FERTILITY; HORMONE; TESTIS AB Studies of diabetes mellitus in the streptozotocin rat model suggest that sexual dysfunctions may result from diabetes-induced alterations of the neuroendocrine-reproductive tract axis. Our investigation was performed to better define the effects of short-term hyperglycaemia on rat epididymal sperm quantity, quality and transit time, using both natural mating and artificial in utero insemination protocols. Male rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (sc, 40 mg/kg), whereas controls received vehicle. Sexual behaviour was tested after 15 days and sperm fertilizing ability was checked 22 days after the injection through natural mating and artificial in utero insemination. Other parameters such as daily sperm production, testosterone levels, as well as sperm morphology and motility were also investigated. Fifty per cent of the diabetic animals showed no copulatory behaviour during tests and the number of animals reaching ejaculation was smaller in the diabetic group when compared with the control group (33% vs. 83%). Diabetes resulted in decreased body and reproductive organ weights, as well as diminished sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, that were associated with diminution of plasmatic testosterone levels. After natural mating, there was a decrease in the fertility in the diabetic adult male rats (25.5%) compared with control animals (81.5%). However, distal cauda epididymal sperm from diabetic rats displayed normal fertilization ability (91.5%) using in utero insemination. There were no effects of hyperglycaemia on sperm transit time in the epididymis and on spermatogenesis. Our results indicate that diabetes mellitus produces reproductive dysfunction, but does not compromise sperm fertilizing ability in the cauda epididymis in this experimental model. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Biosci Inst, Dept Morphol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Scarano, WR (reprint author), UNESP, IBILCE, Dept Biol, Rua Cristovao,Colombo,2265,Jardim Nazareth, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. EM wrscarano@yahoo.com RI Oliva, Samara/B-9824-2012; Kempinas, Wilma/E-4671-2012 OI Kempinas, Wilma/0000-0002-2112-5123 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00682.x PG 7 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 063GE UT WOS:000239005300006 PM 16524366 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Rainosek, A Buchanan, RL Miliotis, M LaBarre, D Long, W Ruple, A Schaub, S AF Whiting, R. C. Rainosek, A. Buchanan, R. L. Miliotis, M. LaBarre, D. Long, W. Ruple, A. Schaub, S. TI Determining the microbiological criteria for lot rejection from the performance objective or food safety objective SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk analysis; risk assessment; attribute testing AB The Microbiological Criteria (MC) is a set of parameters used to determine whether a specific lot of food is acceptable or not. These parameters are the microbial test protocol and its sensitivity, the confidence level that an unacceptable lot will be detected, the number of samples to be taken and the number of positive samples that are allowed before rejecting the lot. Determining the microbiological criteria begins with knowledge of the distribution of contamination from samples within a lot, particularly within a lot that is just at the unacceptable level of the microbial hazard. The just unacceptable lot can be defined by the Food Safety Objective (FSO) or Performance Objectives (PO), the small fraction of samples that can exceed these values and the standard deviation of the samples from the lot. With this information, a microbial test protocol is chosen to have a sensitivity level that would detect between approximately 15% and 45% of the samples. A confidence level for the MC and the number of positive samples that would be acceptable (c value which is usually zero) are also chosen. With this information the number of samples (n) required can be calculated. A critical factor in setting the microbiological criteria is the sensitivity of the microbiological test (m value). The sample size (weight) and sampling procedure can affect the standard deviation of the samples, particularly foods with non-homogeneous distribution and low numbers of microorganisms. Sampling, sample preparation and analytical procedures that reduce the variation between the samples will affect the choice of m value and maximum lot mean that meets the MC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Math & Stat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chard.whiting@fda.hhs.gov NR 9 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.038 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 076DE UT WOS:000239936400009 PM 16784791 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Hu, SC AF Kim, Chong S. hu, S-Chieh Hu TI Total respiratory tract deposition of fine micrometer-sized particles in healthy adults: empirical equations for sex and breathing pattern SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; aerosols; air pollution; inhalation dosimetry ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; LUNG DEPOSITION; DAILY MORTALITY; US CITIES; DISEASE; MATTER; ASSOCIATION; VARIABILITY AB Total respiratory tract deposition of fine micrometer-sized particles in healthy adults: empirical equations for sex and breathing pattern. J Appl Physiol 101: 401-412, 2006; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00026.2006.-Accurate dose estimation under various inhalation conditions is important for assessing both the potential health effects of pollutant particles and the therapeutic efficacy of medicinal aerosols. We measured total deposition fraction (TDF) of monodisperse micrometer-sized particles [particle diameter (D-p) = 1, 3, and 5 mu m in diameter] in healthy adults (8 men and 7 women) in a wide range of breathing patterns; tidal volumes (V-T) of 350-1500 ml and respiratory flow rates (Q) of 175-1,000 ml/s. The subject inhaled test aerosols for 10-20 breaths with each of the prescribed breathing patterns, and TDF was obtained by monitoring inhaled and exhaled aerosols breath by breath by a laser aerosol photometer. Results show that TDF varied from 0.12-0.25, 0.26-0.68, and 0.45-0.83 for D-p = 1, 3, and 5 mu m, respectively, depending on the breathing pattern used. TDF was comparable between men and women for D-p = 1 mu m but was greater in women than men for D-p = 3 and 5 mu m for all breathing patterns used (P < 0.05). TDF increased with an increase in VT regardless of D-p and Q. used. At a fixed VT TDF decreased with an increase in Q for D-p = 1 and 3 mu m but did not show any significant changes for D-p = 5 mu m. The varying TDF values, however, could be consolidated by a single composite parameter (omega) consisting of D-p, VT, and Q. The results indicate that unifying empirical formulas provide a convenient means of assessing deposition dose of particles under varying inhalation conditions. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IIT Res Inst, Life Sci Operat, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00026.2006 PG 12 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 064SY UT WOS:000239110600005 PM 16849812 ER PT J AU Chikova, AK Schaaper, RM AF Chikova, Anna K. Schaaper, Roel M. TI Mutator and antimutator effects of the bacteriophage P1 hot gene product SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THETA-SUBUNIT; EPSILON-SUBUNIT; PROOFREADING EXONUCLEASE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; HOLOENZYME; REPLICATION; PROTEINS; GENOME AB The Hot (homolog of theta) protein of bacteriophage P1 can substitute for the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III theta subunit, as evidenced by its stabilizing effect on certain dnaQ mutants that carry an unstable polymerase III epsilon proofreading subunit (antimutator effect). Here, we show that Hot can also cause an increase in the mutability of various E. coli strains (mutator effect). The hot mutator effect differs from the one caused by the lack of theta. Experiments using chimeric theta/Hot proteins containing various domains of Hot and theta along with a series of point mutants show that both N- and C-terminal parts of each protein are important for stabilizing the F subunit. In contrast, the N-terminal part of Hot appears uniquely responsible for its mutator activity. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. RP Schaaper, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schaaper@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 188 IS 16 BP 5831 EP 5838 DI 10.1128/JB.00630-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 073AS UT WOS:000239715200018 PM 16885451 ER PT J AU Fatemi, M Wade, PA AF Fatemi, Mehrnaz Wade, Paul A. TI MBD family proteins: reading the epigenetic code SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA methylation; transcriptional repression; epigenetics; methyl CpG binding protein ID CPG-BINDING-PROTEINS; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX; HISTONE DEACETYLASE COMPLEX; METHYL-CPG; DNA METHYLATION; RETT-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; MECP2 AB Methylation of DNA in mammalian cells serves to demarcate functionally specialized regions of the genome and is strongly associated with transcriptional repression. A highly conserved family of DNA-binding proteins characterized by a common sequence motif is widely believed to convert the information represented by methylation patterns into the appropriate functional state. This family, the MBD family, has been characterized at both the biochemical and genetic levels. A key issue, given their highly similar DNA-binding surfaces, is whether the individual MBD proteins bind differentially to distinct regions within the genome and, if so, by what mechanism. Somewhat surprisingly, some MBD family members, such as MeCP2, have considerable selectivity for specific sequences. Other family members, such as MBD2, appear to bind with somewhat relaxed specificity to methylated DNA. Recent genetic and molecular experiments have shed considerable light on these and other issues relevant to the chromosomal biology of this interesting protein family. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop D4-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 54 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 15 BP 3033 EP 3037 DI 10.1242/jcs.03099 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 080FS UT WOS:000240233900003 PM 16868031 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Santo Domingo, JW Graham, JE AF Shanks, Orin C. Santo Domingo, Jorge W. Graham, James E. TI Use of competitive DNA hybridization to identify differences in the genomes of bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE genome fragment enrichment; GFE; Enterococci; comparative genomics ID SUPPRESSIVE SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; SEQUENCE; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SPACER; TOOL; PCR AB Although recent technological advances in DNA sequencing and computational biology now allow scientists to compare entire microbial genomes, comparisons of closely related bacterial species and individual isolates by whole-genome sequencing approaches remains prohibitively expensive for most laboratories. Here we report the development and testing of a biochemical approach for targeted sequencing of only those chromosomal regions that differ between two DNA preparations. The method, designated GFE (genome fragment enrichment) uses competitive solution hybridization and positive selection to obtain genomic DNA fragments that are present in one pool of fragments but not another. Repeated comparisons of-the genomes of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium led to the identification of 225 putative genome-specific DNA fragments. Species and strain variations within these fragments were confirmed by both experimental and bioinformatic analyses. The E. faecalis genome-specific sequences identified included both a preponderance of those predicted to encode surface-exposed proteins, as well as several previously described unique marker regions embedded within highly conserved rrn operons. The GFE strategy we describe efficiently identified genomic differences between two enterococcal genomes, and will be widely applicable for studying genetic variation among closely related bacterial species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.12.006 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 062RU UT WOS:000238963000014 PM 16469400 ER PT J AU Black, JA Foarde, KK Menetrez, MY AF Black, J. A. Foarde, K. K. Menetrez, M. Y. TI Solvent comparison in the isolation, solubilization, and toxicity of Stachybotrys chartarum spore trichothecene mycotoxins in an established in vitro luminescence protein translation inhibition assay SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Stachybotrys chartarum; spore; Trichothecene mycotoxin; in vitro protein translation assay ID WATER-SOLUBLE TOXINS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; FUNGI; ATRA; EXPOSURE; INFANTS; STRAIN AB It is well known that non-viable mold contaminants such as macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins of Stachybotrys chartarum are highly toxinigenic to humans. However, the method of recovering native mycotoxin has been without consensus. Inconsistencies occur in the methods of isolation, suspension, preparation, and quantitation of the mycotoxin from the spores. The purpose of this study was to provide quantitatively comparative data on three concurrent preparations of 10(6)S. chartarum spores. The experiments were designed to specifically evaluate a novel method of mycotoxin extraction, solubilization, and the subsequent inhibitory effect in an established in vitro luminescence protein translation assay from 30 day-old spores. The mycotoxin-containing spores swabbed from wallboard cultures were milled with and without glass beads in 100% methanol, 95% ethanol, or water. Milled spore lysates were cleared of cell debris by filter centrifugation followed by a second centrifugation through a 5000 MWCO filter to remove interfering proteins and RNases. Cleared lysate was concentrated by centrivap and suspended in either alcohol or water as described. The suspensions were used immediately in the in vitro luminescence protein translation assay with the trichothecene, T-2 toxin, as a control. Although, mycotoxin is reported to be alcohol soluble, the level of translation inhibition was not reliably satisfactory for either the methanol or ethanol preparations. In fact, the methanol and ethanol control reactions were not significantly different than the alcohol prepared spore samples. In addition, we observed that increasing amounts of either alcohol inhibited the reaction in a dose dependent manner. This suggests that although alcohol isolation of mycotoxin is desirable in terms of time and labor, the presence of alcohol in the luminescence protein translation reaction was not acceptable. Conversely, water extraction of mycotoxin demonstrated a dose dependent response, and there was significant difference between the water controls and the water extracted mycotoxin reactions. In our hands, water was the best extraction agent for mycotoxin when using this specific luminescence protein translation assay kit. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RTI, Dept Microbiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Black, JA (reprint author), RTI, Dept Microbiol, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jab@rti.org NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.12.011 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 062RU UT WOS:000238963000018 PM 16497399 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Langenbach, R Bosetti, F AF Choi, Sang-Ho Langenbach, Robert Bosetti, Francesca TI Cyclooxygenase-1 and-2 enzymes differentially regulate the brain upstream NF-kappa B pathway and downstream enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyclooxygenase; prostaglandin E synthase; phospholipase A(2); PGE(2); NF-kappa B ID CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ARACHIDONIC-ACID CASCADE; E-2 BIOSYNTHESIS; E SYNTHASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; NITRIC-OXIDE AB We have recently reported that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-deficiency affects brain upstream and downstream enzymes in the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway to prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), as well as enzyme activity, protein and mRNA levels of the reciprocal isozyme, COX-1. To gain a better insight into the specific roles of COX isoforms and characterize the interactions between upstream and downstream enzymes in brain AA cascade, we examined the expression and activity of COX-2 and phospholipase A(2) enzymes (cPLA(2) and sPLA(2)), as well as the expression of terminal prostaglandin E synthases (cPGES, mPGES-1, and - 2) in wild type and COX-1(-/-) mice. We found that brain PGE(2) concentration was significantly increased, whereas thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentration was decreased in COX-1(-/-) mice. There was a compensatory up-regulation of COX-2, accompanied by the activation of the NF-kappa B pathway, and also an increase in the upstream cPLA(2) and sPLA(2) enzymes. The mechanism of NF-kappa B activation in the COX-1(-/-) mice involved the up-regulation of protein expression of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B, as well as the increased protein levels of phosphorylated I kappa B alpha and of phosphorylated IKK alpha/beta. Overall, our data suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 play a distinct role in brain PG biosynthesis, with basal PGE(2) production being metabolically coupled with COX-2 and TXB2 production being preferentially linked to COX-1. Additionally, COX-1 deficiency can affect the expression of reciprocal and coupled enzymes, COX-2, Ca2+-dependent PLA(2), and terminal mPGES-2, to overcome defects in brain AA cascade. C1 Natl Inst Aging, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bosetti, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Aging, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM frances@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [Z01 AG000423-02] NR 55 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03926.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063GV UT WOS:000239007400016 PM 16787416 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ McKinstry, C Yang, C Haugland, RA Kercsmar, CM Yike, I Schluchter, MD Kirchner, HL Sobolewski, J Allan, TM Dearborn, DG AF Vesper, Stephen J. McKinstry, Craig Yang, Chin Haugland, Richard A. Kercsmar, Carolyn M. Yike, Iwona Schluchter, Mark D. Kirchner, H. Lester Sobolewski, John Allan, Terrence M. Dearborn, Dorr G. TI Specific molds associated with asthma in water-damaged homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; INNER-CITY ASTHMA; FUNGI; PENICILLIUM; DUST AB Objective: We sought to determine if specific molds were found in significantly higher concentrations in the water-damaged homes of asthmatic children compared with homes with no visible water damage. Methods: The mold concentrations in the dust in asthmatic children's bedrooms in water-damaged homes (N = 60) and control homes (N = 22) were measured by mold-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two molds, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Trichoderma viride, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations in asthmatics' homes compared with control homes and three other molds (Penicillium crustosum group, Stachybotrys chartarum, and Wallemia sebi) had P values < 0.1. Conclusions: A relative moldiness index was developed to predict the likely development of asthma in water-damaged homes in Cleveland. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. P&K Microbiol Serv, Cherry Hill, NJ USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr,Mail Locat 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1RR00080]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K07-ES00268] NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000224736.52780.2f PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 072XP UT WOS:000239706700014 PM 16902378 ER PT J AU Martinez, JM Sali, T Okazaki, R Anna, C Hollingshead, M Hose, C Monks, A Walker, NJ Baek, SJ Eling, TE AF Martinez, Jeanelle M. Sali, Tina Okazaki, Ryuji Anna, Colleen Hollingshead, Melinda Hose, Curtis Monks, Anne Walker, Nigel J. Baek, Seung Joon Eling, Thomas E. TI Drug-induced expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/prostate-derived factor, a putative tumor suppressor, inhibits tumor growth SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; GENE NAG-1; CANCER CELLS; CYCLOOXYGENASE; P53; INDUCTION; PROTEIN; EGR-1 AB A common in vitro response for many chemopreventive and antitumor agents, including some cyclooxygenase inhibitors, is the increased expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG)-1/macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC)-1/prostate- derived factor (PDF). The experimental anticancer drug 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F203) was a potent inducer of NAG-1 expression, and in MCF-7 cells, it inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. NAG-1 small interfering RNA blocked NAG-1 expression and 5F203-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, indicating that NAG-1 may mediate the apoptosis and anticancer activity. One mechanism by which 5F203 increases NAG-1 expression is by increasing the stability of NAG-1 mRNA, dependent of de novo protein synthesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation was increased by 5F203, and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation abolished the induction of NAG-1 protein expression and increased the stability of NAG-1 mRNA. Thus, 5F203 regulates NAG-1 expression by a unique mechanism compared with other drugs. A mouse orthotopic mammary tumor model was used to determine whether 5F203 increased NAG-1 expression in vivo and suppressed tumor growth. Treatment of the mice with Phortress, the prodrug of 5F203, increased the in vivo expression of NAG-1 as measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from RNA obtained by needle biopsy, and the expression correlated with a reduction of tumor volume. These results confirm that NAG-1 suppresses tumor growth, and its in vivo expression can be controlled by treating mice with anticancer drugs, such as Phortress. Drugs that target NAG-1 could lead to a unique strategy for the development of chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Screening Technol Branch, Lab Funct Genom, Natl Canc Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Natl Decontaminat Team, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Biol & Hlth, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD E4-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM eling@niehs.nih.gov RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012; OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855; Baek, Seung/0000-0001-7866-7778 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 318 IS 2 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.100081 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 063MS UT WOS:000239023100051 PM 16714403 ER PT J AU Miller, CA Hidy, G Hales, J Kolb, CE Werner, AS Haneke, B Parrish, D Frey, HC Rojas-Bracho, L Deslauriers, M Pennell, B Mobley, JD AF Miller, C. Andrew Hidy, George Hales, Jeremy Kolb, Charles E. Werner, Arthur S. Haneke, Bernd Parrish, David Frey, H. Christopher Rojas-Bracho, Leonora Deslauriers, Marc Pennell, Bill Mobley, J. David TI Air emission inventories in North America: A critical assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS; ON-ROAD MEASUREMENT; DISPERSIVE ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-MONOXIDE EMISSION; UTILITY NOX EMISSIONS; POINT SOURCES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; GLOBAL INVENTORY; UNITED-STATES; MODEL AB Although emission inventories are the foundation of air quality management and have supported substantial improvements in North American air quality, they have a number of shortcomings that can potentially lead to ineffective air quality management strategies. Major reductions in the largest emissions sources have made accurate inventories of previously minor sources much more important to the understanding and improvement of local air quality. Changes in manufacturing processes, industry types, vehicle technologies, and metropolitan infrastructure are occurring at an increasingly rapid pace, emphasizing the importance of inventories that reflect current conditions. New technologies for measuring source emissions and ambient pollutant concentrations, both at the point of emissions and from remote platforms, are providing novel approaches to collecting data for inventory developers. Advances in information technologies are allowing data to be shared more quickly, more easily, and processed and compared in novel ways that can speed the development of emission inventories. Approaches to improving quantitative measures of inventory uncertainty allow air quality management decisions to take into account the uncertainties associated with emissions estimates, providing more accurate projections of how well alternative strategies may work. This paper discusses applications of these technologies and techniques to improve the accuracy, timeliness, and completeness of emission inventories across North America and outlines a series of eight recommendations aimed at inventory developers and air quality management decision-makers to improve emission inventories and enable them to support effective air quality management decisions for the foreseeable future. C1 US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. Envair, Pasco, WA USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Durham, NC USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Direcc Gen Invest Sobre Contaminac Urbana, Inst Nacl Ecol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Environm Canada, Criteria Air Contaminants, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. Columbia Res & Educ Associates, NARSTO, Pasco, WA USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Miller, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM miller.andy@epa.gov RI Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Frey, Henry/0000-0001-9450-0804 NR 121 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1129 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070WJ UT WOS:000239556300007 PM 16933644 ER PT J AU Murr, AH Goldberg, AN Vesper, S AF Murr, Andrew H. Goldberg, Andrew N. Vesper, Stephen TI Fungal speciation using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE fungus; sinusitis; polymerase chain reaction; middle meatus; group I and group II fungi ID TISSUE SPECIMENS; PCR ANALYSIS; SINUSITIS; ASPERGILLUS; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; PENICILLIUM; DISEASE AB Objectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this study were to determine the mycology of the middle meatus using an endoscopically guided brush sampling technique and polymerase chain reaction laboratory processing of nasal mucous; to compare the mycology of the middle meatus in patients with sinus disease with subjects without sinus disease; to compare the responses on two standardized quality-of-life survey forms between patients with and without sinusitis; and to determine whether the presence of fungi in the middle meatus correlates with responses on these data sets. Study Design: The authors conducted a single-blind, prospective, cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients with sinus disease and a control group without sinus disease were enrolled in the study. A disease-specific, validated Sinonasal Outcomes Test survey (SNOT-20) was completed by the subjects and a generalized validated Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 Survey (SF-36) was also completed. An endoscopically guided brush sampling of nasal mucous was obtained from the middle meatus. Fungal specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was performed on the obtained sample to identify one of 82 different species of fungus in the laboratory. Statistical analysis was used to categorize the recovered fungal DNA and to crossreference this information with the outcomes surveys. Results: The fungal recovery rate in the study was 45.9% in patients with sinus disease and 45.9% in control subjects. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis had a mean SNOT-20 score of 1.80 versus the control group mean score of 0.77 (P < .0001). SF-36 data similarly showed a statistically significant difference between diseased and control populations with controls scoring a mean of 80.37 and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis scoring a mean of 69.35 for a P value of .02. However, no statistical significance could be ascribed to the presence or absence of fungi recovered, the type of fungi recovered, or the possible impact of fungi on the quality-of-life survey results. Conclusion: The recovery rate of fungi from the middle meatus of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and a control population without chronic rhinosinusitis is 45.9% using QPCR techniques. No direct causation with regard to fungal species or presence was proven; however, a species grouping for future studies is proposed based on trends in this data and other reports. Disease-specific outcomes surveys revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Murr, AH (reprint author), A-717,400 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM ahmurr@ohns.ucsf.edu NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD AUG PY 2006 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1342 EP 1348 DI 10.1097/01.mlg.0000225896.91392.6a PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 071RN UT WOS:000239619500005 PM 16885733 ER PT J AU Welch, JE Barbee, RR Magyar, PL Bunch, DO O'Brien, DA AF Welch, JE Barbee, RR Magyar, PL Bunch, DO O'Brien, DA TI Expression of the spermatogenic cell-specific glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDS) in rat testis SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE glycolysis; metabolism; motility; gene expression ID CHLORINATED ANTIFERTILITY COMPOUNDS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; IN-VITRO; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ACROSOME REACTION; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; SPERM TAIL; MOUSE; MOTILITY; GENE AB The spermatogenic cell-specific variant of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDS) has been cloned from a rat testis cDNA library and its pattern of expression determined. A 1,417 nucleotide cDNA has been found to encode an enzyme with substantial homology to mouse GAPDS (94% identity) and human GAPD2 (83% identity) isozymes. Northern blotting of rat tissue RNAs detected the 1.5 kb Gapds transcript in the testis and not in RNA from liver, spleen, epididymis, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, seminal vesicle, and kidney. The rat Gapds mRNA was first detected at day 29 of postnatal testis development, an age which coincides with the initial post-meiotic differentiation of round spermatids. When isolated rat spermatogenic cell RNA was probed for Gapds expression, transcripts were detected only in round spermatids and condensing spermatids, but not in pachytene spermatocytes, demonstrating haploid expression of the Gapds gene. However, immunohistochemical staining of rat testis sections with anti-GAPDS antisera did not detect GAPDS in round spermatids, but localized the protein only to stage XIII and later condensing spermatids as well as testicular spermatozoa, indicating that Gapds expression is translationally regulated. The current results are similar to those previously obtained for mouse GAPDS and human GAPD2, suggesting that reliable comparisons can be made between these species in toxicant screening and contraceptive development. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div,Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Bra, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Reprod Biol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Welch, JE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div,Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Bra, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM welch.jeffrey@epa.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD035041, U54 HD35041] NR 43 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1052 EP 1060 DI 10.1002/mrd.20235 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 058IA UT WOS:000238657500013 PM 16700075 ER PT J AU Cantrell, SA Casillas-Martinez, L Molina, M AF Cantrell, Sharon A. Casillas-Martinez, Lilliam Molina, Marirosa TI Characterization of fungi from hypersaline environments of solar salterns using morphological and molecular techniques SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE evaporation ponds; halophilic fungi; halotolerant fungi; Puerto Rico; tropical fungi ID DEAD-SEA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; PUERTO-RICO; CABO-ROJO; DIVERSITY; WATERS; LIFE AB The Cabo Rojo Solar Salterns located on the southwest coast of Puerto Rico are composed of two main ecosystems (i.e., salt ponds and microbial mats). Even though these locations are characterized by high solar radiation (mean light intensity of 39 mol photons m(-2) d(-1)) they harbour a diverse microscopic life. We used morphological and molecular techniques to identify a series of halotolerant fungi. A total of 183 isolates and 36 species were cultured in this study. From the water from the salt ponds, 86 isolates of 26 species were cultured. The halotolerant fungi isolated from water were: Cladosporium cladosporioides, nine Aspergillus sp., five Penicillium sp. and the black yeast Hortaea werneckii. A distinctive isolate with a blue mycelium was cultured from the salt ponds, representing a new species of Periconia based on morphology and rDNA analysis. Forty-four isolates from eight species were cultured from the sediments around the salt ponds. Most of the sediment isolates formed only sterile mycelium, while several were Chaetomium globosum. A total of 53 isolates from 16 species were isolated from the three layers of the microbial mats, of which Aspergillus niger was the most frequent isolate. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles generated from the different layers of the microbial mats indicated that the uppermost layers of the mats contained fungal bio-marker, 18:2w6. This fatty acid decreased with depth, the highest concentration was observed in the green upper layer and it disappeared in the black bottom anoxic layer. This correlates with the isolation of fungi using the serial dilution technique. This is the first study that documents the presence of fungi in microbial mats. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Turabo, Dept Biol, Sch Sci & Technol, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, CUH Stn, Humacao, PR 00791 USA. US EPA, ORD, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cantrell, SA (reprint author), Univ Turabo, Dept Biol, Sch Sci & Technol, POB 3030, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. EM scantrell@suagm.edu NR 31 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 110 BP 962 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.06.005 PN 8 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 095DP UT WOS:000241288700010 PM 16904880 ER PT J AU Stifelman, M AF Stifelman, Marc TI Untitled SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Stifelman, M (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM stifelman.marc@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 863 EP 863 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00783.x PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 075PJ UT WOS:000239897400001 PM 16948680 ER PT J AU Yokley, K Tran, HT Pekari, K Rappaport, S Riihimaki, V Rothman, N Waidyanatha, S Schlosser, PM AF Yokley, Karen Tran, Hien T. Pekari, Kaija Rappaport, Stephen Riihimaki, Vesa Rothman, Nat Waidyanatha, Suramya Schlosser, Paul M. TI Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of benzene in humans: A Bayesian approach SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; benzene; dosimetry; human; metabolism; PBPK; variability ID IN-VITRO; ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; HEALTH RISK; HUMAN LIVER; EXPOSURE; METABOLISM; OXIDE; HYDROQUINONE; TOXICITY AB Benzene is myelotoxic and leukemogenic in humans exposed at high doses (> 1 ppm, more definitely above 10 ppm) for extended periods. However, leukemia risks at lower exposures are uncertain. Benzene occurs widely in the work environment and also indoor air, but mostly below 1 ppm, so assessing the leukemia risks at these low concentrations is important. Here, we describe a human physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that quantifies tissue doses of benzene and its key metabolites, benzene oxide, phenol, and hydroquinone after inhalation and oral exposures. The model was integrated into a statistical framework that acknowledges sources of variation due to inherent intra- and interindividual variation, measurement error, and other data collection issues. A primary contribution of this work is the estimation of population distributions of key PBPK model parameters. We hypothesized that observed interindividual variability in the dosimetry of benzene and its metabolites resulted primarily from known or estimated variability in key metabolic parameters and that a statistical PBPK model that explicitly included variability in only those metabolic parameters would sufficiently describe the observed variability. We then identified parameter distributions for the PBPK model to characterize observed variability through the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis applied to two data sets. The identified parameter distributions described most of the observed variability, but variability in physiological parameters such as organ weights may also be helpful to faithfully predict the observed human-population variability in benzene dosimetry. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Biomonitoring Lab, Helsinki, Finland. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Occupat Hyg & Toxicol, Helsinki, Finland. NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schlosser, PM (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schlosser.paul@epa.gov OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126, P42ES05948]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01GM67299-01] NR 42 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 925 EP 943 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00789.x PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 075PJ UT WOS:000239897400007 PM 16948686 ER PT J AU Schultz, TW Carlson, RE Cronin, MTD Hermens, JLM Johnson, R O'Brien, PJ Roberts, DW Siraki, A Wallace, KB Veith, GD AF Schultz, T. W. Carlson, R. E. Cronin, M. T. D. Hermens, J. L. M. Johnson, R. O'Brien, P. J. Roberts, D. W. Siraki, A. Wallace, K. B. Veith, G. D. TI A conceptual framework for predicting the toxicity of reactive chemicals: modeling soft electrophilicity SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reactivity toxicity; thiol reactivity; molecular initiating events; QSAR ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SKIN SENSITIZATION; SENSORY IRRITANTS; GLUTATHIONE; APPLICABILITY; METABOLISM; TOXICOLOGY; DISCOVERY AB Although the literature is replete with QSAR models developed for many toxic effects caused by reversible chemical interactions, the development of QSARs for the toxic effects of reactive chemicals lacks a consistent approach. While limitations exit, an appropriate starting-point for modeling reactive toxicity is the applicability of the general rules of organic chemical reactions and the association of these reactions to cellular targets of importance in toxicology. The identification of plausible "molecular initiating events'' based on covalent reactions with nucleophiles in proteins and DNA provides the unifying concept for a framework for reactive toxicity. This paper outlines the proposed framework for reactive toxicity. Empirical measures of the chemical reactivity of xenobiotics with a model nucleophile (thiol) are used to simulate the relative rates at which a reactive chemical is likely to bind irreversibly to cellular targets. These measures of intrinsic reactivity serve as correlates to a variety of toxic effects; what's more they appear to be more appropriate endpoints for QSAR modeling than the toxicity endpoints themselves. C1 Int QSAR Fdn, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ECOCHEM Res Inc, Chaska, MN 55318 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Pharm, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Veith, GD (reprint author), Int QSAR Fdn, 1501 W Knife River Rd, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. EM gdveith@earthlink.net NR 34 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 413 EP 428 DI 10.1080/10629360600884371 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 090LV UT WOS:000240953700004 PM 16920662 ER PT J AU Hore, P Zartarian, V Xue, JP Ozkaynak, H Wang, SW Yang, YC Chu, PL Sheldon, L Robson, M Needham, L Barr, D Freeman, N Georgopoulos, P Lioy, PJ AF Hore, Paromita Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping Ozkaynak, Haluk Wang, Sheng-Wei Yang, Yu-Ching Chu, Pei-Ling Sheldon, Linda Robson, Mark Needham, Larry Barr, Dana Freeman, Natalie Georgopoulos, Panos Lioy, Paul J. TI Children's residential exposure to chlorpyrifos: Application of CPPAES field measurements of chlorpyrifos and TCPy within MENTOR/SHEDS-pesticides model SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE children; exposure analysis; MENTOR/SHEDS-pesticides; chlorpyrifos; CPPAES ID SURFACES AB The comprehensive individual field-measurements on non-dietary exposure collected in the Children's-Post-Pesticide-Application-Exposure-Study (CPPAES) were used within MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides, a physically based stochastic human exposure and dose model. In this application, however, the model was run deterministically. The MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides employed the CPPAES as input variables to simulate the exposure and the dose profiles for seven children over a 2-week post-application period following a routine residential and professional indoor crack-and-crevice chlorpyrifos application. The input variables were obtained from a personal activity diary, microenviromnental measurements and personal biomonitoring data obtained from CPPAES samples collected from the individual children and in their homes. Simulation results were compared with CPPAES field measured values obtained from the children's homes to assess the utility of the different microenvironmental data collected in CPPAES, i.e. indicator toys and wipe samplers to estimate aggregate exposures that can be result from one or more exposure pathways and routes. The final analyses of the database involved comparisons of the actual data obtained from the individual biomarker samples of a urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and the values predicted by MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides using the CPPAES-derived variables. Because duplicate diet samples were not part of the CPPAES study design, SHEDs-Pesticides simulated dose profiles did not account for the dietary route. The research provided more confidence in the types of data that can be used in the inhalation and dermal contact modules of MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides to predict the pesticide dose received by a child. It was determined that we still need additional understanding about: (1) the types of activities and durations of activities that result in non-dietary ingestion of pesticides and (2) the influence of dietary exposures on the levels of TCPy found in the urine. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Contemporary Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES05022]; PHS HHS [ESO7148-17] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 366 IS 2-3 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075IF UT WOS:000239877400011 PM 16360767 ER PT J AU Strum, M Cook, R Thurman, J Ensley, D Pope, A Palma, T Mason, R Michaels, H Shedd, S AF Strum, Madeleine Cook, Rich Thurman, James Ensley, Darrell Pope, Anne Palma, Ted Mason, Richard Michaels, Harvey Shedd, Stephen TI Projection of hazardous air pollutant emissions to future years SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hazardous air pollutants; air toxics; emission inventory; emission projections AB Projecting a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission inventory to future years can provide valuable information for air quality management activities such as prediction of program successes and helping to assess future priorities. We have projected the 1999 National Emission Inventory for HAPs to numerous future years up to 2020 using the following tools and data: . the Emissions Modeling System for Hazardous Air Pollutants (EMS-RAP) . the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) . emission reduction information resulting from national standards and economic growth data. This paper discusses these projection tools, the underlying data, limitations and the results. The results presented include total HAP emissions (sum of pollutants) and toxicity-weighted HAP emissions for cancer and respiratory noncancer effects. Weighting emissions by toxicity does not consider fate, transport, or location and behavior of receptor populations and can only be used to estimate relative risks of direct emissions. We show these projections, along with historical emission trends. The data show that stationary source programs under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and mobile source programs which reduce hydrocarbon and particulate matter emissions, as well as toxic emission performance standards for reformulated gasoline, have contributed to and are expected to continue to contribute to large declines in air toxics emissions, in spite of economic and population growth. We have also analyzed the particular HAPs that dominate the source sectors to better understand the historical and future year trends and the differences across sectors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stan, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Strum, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stan, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM strum.madeleine@epa.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 366 IS 2-3 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.026 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075IF UT WOS:000239877400015 PM 16448686 ER PT J AU Xiao, S Anderson, SP Swanson, C Bahnemann, R Voss, KA Stauber, AJ Corton, JC AF Xiao, Shen Anderson, Steven P. Swanson, Cynthia Bahnemann, Rainer Voss, Kenneth A. Stauber, Anja J. Corton, J. Christopher TI Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha enhances apoptosis in the mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferators; liver tumor; hepatocyte proliferation; apoptosis; caspase ID CELLS IN-VITRO; BCL-2 FAMILY; PPAR-ALPHA; HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS; INDUCE APOPTOSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; PROSTATE-CANCER; RAT-LIVER; MCL-1; EXPRESSION AB Chronic exposure to peroxisome proliferators (PPs) leads to increased incidence of liver tumors in rodents. Liver tumor induction is thought to require increased hepatocyte proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. Transcript profiling showed increased expression of proapoptotic genes and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes in the livers of mice exposed to the PP WY-14,643 (WY). We tested the hypothesis that prior exposure to WY would increase susceptibility to apoptosis inducers such as Jo2, an antibody which activates the Fas (Apo-1/CD95) death pathway. When compared to their untreated counterparts, wild-type mice pretreated with WY exhibited increased caspase-3 activation and hepatocyte apoptosis following challenge with Jo2. Livers from WY-treated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha)-null mice were resistant to the effects of Jo2. In the absence of Jo2 and detectable apoptosis, wild-type mice treated with WY exhibited increases in the activated form of caspase-9. As caspase-9 is a component of the apoptosome, we examined the expression of upstream effectors of apoptosome activity including members of the Bcl-2 family. The levels of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 transcript and protein were significantly decreased by PPs. PPAR alpha-null mice were also resistant to another treatment (concanavalin A) that induces hepatocyte apoptosis. These results (1) indicate that PPAR alpha activation increases sensitivity of the liver to apoptosis and (2) identify a mechanism by which PPAR alpha could serve as a pharmacological target in diseases where apoptosis is a contributing feature. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Res & Dev, Investigat Toxicol & Pathol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. BASF Aktiengesellsch, Dept Toxicol, Ludwigshafen, Germany. USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 368 EP 377 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl002 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 061XN UT WOS:000238907300004 PM 16687391 ER PT J AU Mundandhara, SD Becker, S Madden, MC AF Mundandhara, SD Becker, S Madden, MC TI Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human alveolar macrophage ability to secrete inflammatory mediators in response to lipopolysaccharide SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust particles; human alveolar macrophages; immune function; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; AIR-POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINE; ENDOTOXIN; RELEASE; MICE AB Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been shown to be associated with mortality and morbidity. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contribute to ambient PM. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are important targets for PM effects in the lung. The effects of DEP exposure on human AM response to lipopolysachharide (LPS; from gram-negative bacteria) challenge in vitro were determined by monitoring the production of interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)). The roles of organic compounds and carbonaceous core of DEP in response to LPS were evaluated by comparing the DEPs effect to that of carbon black (CB), a carbonaceous particle with few adsorbed organic compounds. AMs were exposed in vitro to Standard Reference Material (SRM) DEP 2975, SRM DEP 1650, SRM 1975 (a dichloromethane extract of SRM DEP 2975) and CB particles for 24h. DEPs induced a decreased secretion of IL-8, TNF-alpha and PGE(2) in response to a subsequent LPS stimulation. DEPs also show suppressive effect on the release of inflammatory mediators when stimulated with lipoteichoic acid, a product of gram positive bacteria. In summary, in vitro exposure of human AM to DEPs significantly suppress AM responsiveness to gram-negative and positive bacterial products, which may be a contributing factor to the impairment of pulmonary defense. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Facil, ORD, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Madden, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, ORD, NHEERL, 104 Mason Farm Rd,MD 58B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM madden.michael@epa.gov NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 614 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.10.018 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058YP UT WOS:000238700800010 PM 16360300 ER PT J AU Auriol, M Filali-Meknassi, Y Adams, CD Tyagi, RD AF Auriol, Muriel Filali-Meknassi, Youssef Adams, Craig D. Tyagi, Rajeshwar D. TI Natural and synthetic hormone removal using the horseradish peroxidase enzyme: Temperature and pH effects SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HRP; enzyme; estrogens; wastewater; kinetic ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITIES; PHENOLIC CHEMICALS; WASTE TREATMENT; BISPHENOL-A; BINDING; WATER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; POLYMERIZATION AB The primary objective of our research was to establish the technical feasibility of using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme for natural and synthetic estrogens-estrone (E1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2)-removal. The effects of temperature and PH on enzymatic treatment kinetics were investigated. Residual estrogen concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. In a synthetic solution at pH 7 and 25 +/- 1 degrees C, the HRP enzyme-catalyzed process was capable of achieving 92-100% removal of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 within 1 h of treatment with an HRP activity of 0.017 U/ml. The influence of the pH (5-9) and temperature (5-35 degrees C) on estrogen removal was observed to be significant, with the optimum pH near neutral conditions. The results also showed that wastewater constituents significantly impact the HRP-catalyzed estrogen removal. The experimental research proved that the HRP-catalyzed system is technically feasible for the removal of the main estrogens present in the environment at low concentrations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Adams, CD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, 220 Butler Carlton Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM adams@umr.edu NR 32 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2847 EP 2856 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.032 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 081GS UT WOS:000240305800006 PM 16849026 ER PT J AU Tomihara, K Kaitsuka, T Soga, T Korach, KS Pfaff, DW Takahama, K Ogawa, S AF Tomihara, Kazuya Kaitsuka, Taku Soga, Tomoko Korach, Kenneth S. Pfaff, Donald W. Takahama, Kazuo Ogawa, Sonoko TI Abolition of sex-dependent effects of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on emotional behavior in estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE emotion; estrogenic endocrine disrupters; knockout mouse; light-dark transition test; open-field test ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; BISPHENOL-A; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; RATS; CHEMICALS; MOUSE; DIFFERENTIATION; FETAL; FIELD; BETA AB To investigate the contribution of estrogen receptor-alpha in the effects of prenatal exposure to diethylstilnbestreol on emotionality, estrogen receptor-alpha knockout heterozygous pregnant mice were orally 0.1 mu g/animal of diethylstilbestrol from gestational day 11 to 17. Emotional behavior of the offspring was assesses at 5 weeks in light-dark transition tests. Time spent in the light area was significantly decreased (i.e. decrease of emotionality) by diethylstilbestrol exposure in wild-type female mice, whereas in wild-type male mice this measurement tended to be increased (i.e. increase of emotionality) by diethylstilbestrol treatment. These sex-dependent effects of diethylstilbestrol were completely abolished in estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. These results suggest that the sex-dependent effects of diethylstilbestrol on emotionality are mainly produced by its action on estrogen receptor-alpha. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Kansei & Cognit Brain Sci, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Lab Behav Neuroendocrinol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Dept Psychol, Fac Law Econ & Humanities, Kagoshima 890, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Pharmacol Sci, Dept Environm & Mol Hlth Sci, Kumamoto, Japan. Rockefeller Univ, Neurobiol & Behav Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ogawa, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Kansei & Cognit Brain Sci, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Lab Behav Neuroendocrinol, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. EM ogawa@mail.rockefeller.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-62147] NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD JUL 31 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1169 EP 1173 DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000224771.82151.77 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 072JB UT WOS:000239668600018 PM 16837848 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Murphy, PA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Savitz, DA AF Wright, J. Michael Murphy, Patricia A. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Savitz, David A. TI The impact of water consumption, point-of-use filtration and exposure categorization on exposure misclassification of ingested drinking water contaminants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; exposure misclassification; water consumption; water intake ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; TAP WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; TRIHALOMETHANES; SUPPLIES; WEIGHT; WOMEN AB The use of population-level indices to estimate individual exposures is an important limitation of previous epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs). We examined exposure misclassification resulting from the use of system average DBP concentrations to estimate individual-level exposures. Data were simulated (n = 1000 iterations) for 100 subjects across 10 water systems based on the following assumptions: DBP concentrations ranged from 0-99 mu g/L with limited intra-systern variability; water intake ranged from 0.5-2.5 L/day; 20% of subjects used bottled water exclusively; 20% of subjects used filtered tap water exclusively; DBP concentrations were reduced by 50% or 90% following filtration. DBP exposure percentiles were used to classify subjects into different exposure levels (e.g., low, intermediate, high and very high) for four classification approaches. Compared to estimates of DBP ingestion that considered daily consumption, source type (i.e., unfiltered tap, filtered tap, and bottled water), and filter efficiency (with 90% DBP removal), 48-62% of subjects were misclassified across one category based on system average concentrations. Average misclassification across at least two exposure categories (e.g., from high to low) ranged from 4-14%. The median classification strategy resulted in the least misclassification, and volume of water intake was the most influential modifier of ingestion exposures. These data illustrate the importance of individual water use information in minimizing exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies of drinking water contaminants. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Royal Sch Mines, London, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS A130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov RI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 31 PY 2006 VL 366 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070CZ UT WOS:000239499200007 PM 16126253 ER PT J AU Zheng, WM Khrapko, K Coller, HA Thilly, WG Copeland, WC AF Zheng, Weiming Khrapko, Konstantin Coller, Hilary A. Thilly, William G. Copeland, William C. TI Origins of human mitochondrial point mutations as DNA polymerase gamma-mediated errors SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; mutagenesis; DNA polymerase gamma ID PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; HUMAN-CELLS; POLG MUTATIONS; STEM-CELLS; HUMAN MTDNA; REPLICATION; SELECTION; FIDELITY; SPECTRUM; GENE AB Mitochondrial mutational spectra in human cells, tissues and derived tumors for bp 10,030-10,130 are essentially identical, suggesting a predominant mutagenic role for endogenous processes. We hypothesized that errors mediated by mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma were the primary sources of mutations. Point mutations created in this sequence by human DNA pol gamma in vitro were thus compared to the eighteen mutational hotspots, all single base substitutions, previously found in human tissues. The set of concordant hotspots accounted for 83% of these in vivo mutational events. About half of these mutations are insensitive to prolonged heating of DNA during PCR and half increase proportionally with heating time at 98 degrees C. Primary misincorporation errors and miscopying errors past thermal denaturing products such as dearninated cytosines (uracils) thus appear to be of approximately equal importance. For the sequence studied, these data support the conclusion that, endogenous error mediated by DNA pol gamma constitutes the primary source of mitochondrial point mutations in human tissues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. MIT, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Copeland, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Rm E316, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM copelan1@niehs.nih.gov RI Khrapko, Konstantin/A-3244-2009 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES02109, P01-ES07168] NR 50 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 599 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.12.012 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 071BH UT WOS:000239571400002 PM 16490220 ER PT J AU Kelso, GK Solomon, AM AF Kelso, Gerald K. Solomon, Allen M. TI Applying modem analogs to understand the pollen content of coprolites SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Faeces Facies CY SEP 11-13, 2002 CL Univ Coll, London, ENGLAND SP Amer Assoc Stratig Palynologists, Micropalaeontol Soc, N Amer Paleontol Soc, Robertson Res, Strata Data, Time Trax, Shell Oil, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Unocal, Statoil HO Univ Coll DE coprolites; palynology; gastrointestional; pollen analysis; archaeology AB Most scientists working with coprolites from archaeological contexts assume that human fecal specimens reflect the mixing of the pollen ingested during the period in which the contribution to the coprolite, 19 to 37.5 h, was ingested, that the amount of pollen in a fecal sample directly reflects the amount of pollen originally ingested during that interval, and that differences between the amounts of pollen in different fecal specimens reflect differences in the quantities of pollen ingested at different times. These assumptions were tested and found wanting in an experiment in which two persons sequentially ate separate quantities of 15 pollen types in meals over a four-day interval. The pollen was retrieved and analyzed from feces produced during those four days and five days of subsequent fecal production. Pollen ingested first appeared in relatively small amounts, usually the day after it was ingested. Its concentration per gram of sample then increased rapidly and remained high over a one to three day interval relative to the amounts in previous and subsequent fecal specimens deposited. When pollen concentrations declined some pollen was retained in the gastrointestinal system and much lower concentrations per gram of sample of each type continued to appear in fecal samples for several days. These relatively low pollen concentrations appeared in fecal samples approximately twice as often as did higher concentrations. Our results indicate that comparatively high pollen concentrations can be used to determine that a given pollen type was ingested, but comparisons between pollen concentrations of the same pollen type in different fecal specimens or between different pollen types in the same fecal specimen, cannot be used to determine whether different amounts of pollen were ingested, or what was the relative amount of each ingested. Because pollen concentrations per gram of sample varied widely with time since ingestion, percentages of given pollen types did not occur in predictable patterns and could actually increase as the concentration of the pollen type decreases. Hence, percentages should not be used in coprolite pollen analysis. The experimental results also suggest that variations in the pollen content of different portions of a coprolite are meaningful only in terms of the overall pattern of a sequential group of coprolites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kelso, GK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. EM gerald.kelso@az.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.06 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 068ED UT WOS:000239354300008 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Piquemal, JP Darden, TA AF Cisneros, G. Andres Piquemal, Jean-Philip Darden, Thomas A. TI Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics electrostatic embedding with continuous and discrete functions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGY AB A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) implementation that uses the Gaussian electrostatic model (GEM) as the MM force field is presented. GEM relies on the reproduction of electronic density by using auxiliary basis sets to calculate each component of the intermolecular interaction. This hybrid method has been used, along with a conventional QM/MM (point charges) method, to determine the polarization on the QM subsystem by the MM environment in QM/MM calculations on 10 individual H2O dimers and a Mg2+-H2O dimer. We observe that GEM gives the correct polarization response in cases when the MM fragment has a small charge, while the point charges produce significant over-polarization of the QM subsystem and in several cases present an opposite sign for the polarization contribution. In the case when a large charge is located in the MM subsystem, for example, the Mg2+ ion, the opposite is observed at small distances. However, this is overcome by the use of a damped Hermite charge, which provides the correct polarization response. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cisneros, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Box 12233,MD F0-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cisnero1@niehs.nih.gov; darden@niehs.nih.gov RI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009; Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426; FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011757912, ]; PHS HHS [NIH0011757912] NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 28 BP 13682 EP 13684 DI 10.1021/jp062768x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 063EY UT WOS:000239001700002 PM 16836309 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Xing, WB Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Drobna, Zuzana Xing, Weibing Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav TI shRNA silencing of AS3MT expression minimizes arsenic methylation capacity of HepG2 cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; RABBIT LIVER; HUMAN URINE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; METABOLISM; TRIVALENT AB Several methyltransferases have been shown to catalyze the oxidative methylation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in mammalian species. However, the relative contributions of these enzymes to the overall capacity of cells to methylate iAs have not been characterized. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) that is expressed in rat and human hepatocytes catalyzes the conversion of iAs, yielding methylated metabolites that contain arsenic in +3 or +5 oxidation states. This study used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down AS3MT expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In a stable clonal HepG2/A cell line, AS3MT mRNA and protein levels were reduced by 83 and 88%, respectively. In comparison, the capacity to methylate iAs decreased only by 70%. These data suggest that AS3MT is the major enzyme in this pathway, although an AS3MT-independent process may contribute to iAs methylation in human hepatic cells. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Drobna, Z (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM drobnazu@med.unc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350, P30 DK056350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010845, R01 ES010845, R01 ES010845-05] NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL 17 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7 BP 894 EP 898 DI 10.1021/tx060076u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 063SJ UT WOS:000239039600002 PM 16841956 ER PT J AU Long, TC Saleh, N Tilton, RD Lowry, GV Veronesi, B AF Long, Thomas C. Saleh, Navid Tilton, Robert D. Lowry, Gregory V. Veronesi, Bellina TI Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): Implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; IN-VITRO; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TIO2; INFLAMMATION AB Concerns with the environmental and health risk of widely distributed, commonly used nanoparticles are increasing. Nanosize titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in air and water remediation and in numerous products designed for direct human use and consumption. Its effectiveness in deactivating pollutants and killing microorganisms relates to photoactivation and the resulting free radical activity. This property, coupled with its multiple potential exposure routes, indicates that nanosize TiO2 could pose a risk to biological targets that are sensitive to oxidative stress damage (e. g., brain). In this study, brain microglia (BV2) were exposed to a physicochemically characterized (i.e., dispersion stability, particle size distribution, and zeta potential) nanomaterial, Degussa P25, and cellular expressions of reactive oxygen species were measured with fluorescent probes. P25's zeta potentials, measured in cell culture media and physiological buffer were -11.6 +/- 1.2 mV and -9.25 +/- 0.73 mV, respectively. P25 aggregation was rapid in both media and buffer with the hydrodynamic diameter of stable P25 aggregates ranging from 826 nm to 2368 nm depending on the concentration. The biological response of BV2 microglia to noncytotoxic (2.5-120 ppm) concentrations of P25 was a rapid (< 5 min) and sustained (120 min) release of reactive oxygen species. The time course of this release suggested that P25 not only stimulated the immediate "oxidative burst" response in microglia but also interfered with mitochondrial energy production. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that small groups of nanosized particles and micron-sized aggregates were engulfed by the microglia and sequestered as intracytoplasmic aggregates after 6 and 18 h exposure to P25 (2.5 ppm). Cell viability was maintained at all test concentrations (2.5-120 ppm) over the 18 h exposure period. These data indicate that mouse microglia respond to Degussa P25 with cellular and morphological expressions of free radical formation. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Child & Environm Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov RI Tilton, Robert/A-8267-2009; OI Tilton, Robert/0000-0002-6535-9415 NR 68 TC 463 Z9 489 U1 19 U2 159 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 14 BP 4346 EP 4352 DI 10.1021/es060589n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063EZ UT WOS:000239001800010 PM 16903269 ER PT J AU Hanari, N Kannan, K Miyake, Y Okazawa, T Kodavanti, PRS Aldous, KM Yamashita, N AF Hanari, Nobuyasu Kannan, Kurunthachalam Miyake, Yuichi Okazawa, Tsuyoshi Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Aldous, Kenneth M. Yamashita, Nobuyoshi TI Occurrence of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polybrominated dibenzofurans as impurities in commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; THYROID-HORMONES; GREAT-LAKES; 2 LOTS; AROCLOR-1254; ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE AB The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations and compositions of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), and polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) as contaminants in the commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures DE-71, DE-79, and DE-83 and to ascertain the lot-to-lot variations in the proportions of these contaminants. Commercial PBDE mixtures tested in the present study contained both PBBs and PBDFs, as impurities, at concentrations in the range of several tens to several thousands of nanograms per gram. Concentrations of total PBDFs were greater than those of total PBBs in DE-79 and DE-83 mixtures. PBDDs were not detected at levels above the limit of detection. Profiles of PBB and PBDF congeners varied with the degree of bromination of the commercial PBDE mixtures (i.e., more highly brominated mixtures of PBDEs contained heavily brominated homologues of PBBs and PBDFs). On the basis of the production/usage of commercial PBDE mixtures in 2001, potential global annual emissions of PBBs and PBDFs were calculated to be 40 and 2300 kg, respectively. Results of our study suggest that PBDFs can also be formed during the production of commercial PBDE mixtures, in addition to their formation during pyrolysis of brominated flame retardants. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. US EPA, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Pl,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org NR 28 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 14 BP 4400 EP 4405 DI 10.1021/es060559k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063EZ UT WOS:000239001800018 PM 16903277 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Anderson, JL Winget, P Suarez, LA AF Colon, Dalizza Weber, Eric J. Anderson, James L. Winget, Paul Suarez, Luis A. TI Reduction of nitrosobenzenes and N-hydroxylanilines by Fe(II) species: Elucidation of the reaction mechanism SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; ABIOTIC DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; TNT; DECHLORINATION; NITROBENZENES; SUSPENSIONS AB Although there has been a substantial effort toward understanding the reduction of nitroaromatics in Fe(II)-treated ferric oxide systems, little has been done to gain insight into the factors controlling the transformation of their reaction intermediates, nitrosobenzenes and N-hydroxylanilines, in such systems. Nitrosobenzenes, the first intermediates, were reduced by Fe(II) solutions as well as by Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions at pH 6.6. Experimental observations indicate a reactivity trend in which the presence of electron-withdrawing groups in the para position increased the rate of reduction of the nitrosobenzenes. N-Hydroxylanilines, the second intermediates, were reduced in Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions but were not reduced by Fe(II)(aq). Their reactivity trend indicates that electron-withdrawing groups in the para position decreased their rate of reduction. The bond dissociation enthalpy of the N-O linkage was the most useful molecular descriptor for predicting the rates of reduction of N-hydroxylanilines in Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions, suggesting that the cleavage of the N-O bond is the rate-determining step for reduction. The rate of reduction of p-cyano-N-hydroxylaniline showed a linear relationship against the concentration of surface-associated Fe(II) in hematite, goethite, and lepidocrocite suspensions, while having a relatively low sensitivity toward changes in pH within the near-neutral range in hematite suspensions. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Colon, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM colon.dalizza@epa.gov RI Winget, Paul/C-5808-2013 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 14 BP 4449 EP 4454 DI 10.1021/es0600429 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063EZ UT WOS:000239001800025 PM 16903284 ER PT J AU Shemer, H Sharpless, CM Elovitz, MS Linden, KG AF Shemer, Hilla Sharpless, Charles M. Elovitz, Michael S. Linden, Karl G. TI Relative rate constants of contaminant candidate list pesticides with hydroxyl radicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; DEGRADATION; REACTIVITY; PRODUCTS; ATRAZINE; KINETICS; OZONE AB The objective of this study was to establish the relative rate constants for the reactions of selected pesticides ( linuron, diuron, prometon, terbacil, diazinon, dyfonate, terbufos, and disulfoton) listed on the U. S. EPA Contaminant Candidate List with UV and hydroxyl radicals (, OH). Batch experiments were conducted in phosphate buffered solution at pH 7. All pesticides were found to be very reactive toward, OH as indicated by rate constant values above 10(9) M-1 s(-1). Using molinate as a reference compound, k(OH) ranged from 2.7 x 10(9) to 12.0 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1) for the contaminants while slightly higher values from 2.9 x 10(9) to 14.3 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1) were obtained using nitrobenzene as a reference compound. A method was established that accounts for direct photolysis when calculating k(OH) using UV/H2O2 process for compounds which degrade significantly by a direct photolysis mechanism. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Mary Washington, Dept Chem, Fredericksburg, VA 24401 USA. US EPA, Treatment Technol & Evaluat Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kglinden@duke.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 14 BP 4460 EP 4466 DI 10.1021/es0602602 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063EZ UT WOS:000239001800027 PM 16903286 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Thomas, RC Endale, DM Schroer, KL Samarkina, LP AF Washington, John W. Thomas, Robert C. Endale, Dinku M. Schroer, Katherine L. Samarkina, Lidia P. TI Groundwater N speciation and redox control of organic N mineralization by O-2 reduction to H2O2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DENITRIFICATION; OXIDATION; AQUIFER; NITRATE; WATERS; RATES; SOIL; DEGRADATION AB Excess N from agriculture induces eutrophication in major river systems and hypoxia in coastal waters throughout the world. Much of this N is from headwaters far up the watersheds. In turn, much of the N in these headwaters is from ground-water discharge. Consequently. the concentrations and forms of N in groundwater are important factors affecting major aquatic ecosystems; despite this, few data exist for several species of N in groundwater and controls on speciation are ill-defined. Herein, we report N speciation for a spring and well that were selected to reflect agricultural impacts, and a spring and well that show little to no agricultural-N impact. Samples were characterized for NO3-, NO2-, N2O, NH4+, urea, particulate organic N(N%rg), and dissolved organic N(N-org(d)). These analytes were monitored in the agricultural spring for up to two years along with other analytes that we reported upon previously. For all samples, when oxidized N was present, the dominant species was NO3- (88-98% of total fixed N pool) followed by N-org(d) (< 4-12%) and only trace fractions of the other N analytes. In the non-agriculturally impacted well sample, which had no quantifiable NO3 or dissolved O-2, N-org(d) comprised the dominant fraction (68%) followed by NH4+ (32%), with only a trace balance comprised of other N analytes. Water drawn from the well, spring and a wetland situated in the agricultural watershed also were analyzed for dissolved N, and found to have a fugacity in excess of that of the atmosphere. H2O2 was analyzed in the agricultural spring to evaluate the O-2/H2O2 redox potential and compare it to other calculated potentials. The potential of the O-2/H2O2 couple was close in value to the NO3-/NO2- couple suggesting the important role of H2O2 as an O-2-reduction intermediate product and that O-2 and NO3- are reduced concomitantly. The O-2/H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- couples also were close in value to a cluster of other inorganic N and Fe couples indicating near partial equilibrium among these species. Urea mineralization to NO2- was found to approach equilibrium with the reduction of O-2 to H2O2. By modeling N d as amide functional groups, as justified by recent analytical work, similar thermodynamic calculations support that N-org(d) mineralization to NO2- proceeds nearly to equilibrium with the reduction of O-2 to H2O2 as well. This near equilibration of redox couples for urea- and N-org(d)-oxidation with O-2-reduction places these two couples within the oxidized redox cluster that is shared among several other couples we cave reported previously. In the monitored agricultural spring, [NO3-] was lower in the summer than at other times, whereas [N2O] was higher in the summer than at other times, perhaps reflecting a seasonal variation in the degree of denitrification reaction progress. No other N analytes were observed to vary seasonally in our study. In the well having no agricultural-N impct, C-org/N-org close to the typical value for natural aqueous systems of about 6.6. In the agricultural watershed C-org/N-org varied widely from similar to 1.2 to greater than or similar to 9. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM washington.john@epa.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 14 BP 3533 EP 3548 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.006 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066TE UT WOS:000239252200003 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Ton, TV DeAngelo, AB Morgan, K Devereux, TR Anna, C Collins, JB Paules, RS Crosby, LM Sills, RC AF Kim, Yongbaek Ton, Thai-Vu DeAngelo, Anthony B. Morgan, Kevin Devereux, Theodora R. Anna, Colleen Collins, Jennifer B. Paules, Richard S. Crosby, Lynn M. Sills, Robert C. TI Major carcinogenic pathways identified by gene expression analysis of peritoneal mesotheliomas following chemical treatment in F344 rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rat; mesotheliomas; bromochloroacetic acid (BCA); o-nitrotolulene; carcinogenesis; microarray ID MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; HUMAN BREAST; CANCER CELLS; BETA-CATENIN; OVEREXPRESSION; GROWTH; TUMORIGENESIS; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION; MICROARRAY AB This study was performed to characterize the gene expression profile and to identify the major carcinogenic pathways involved in rat peritoneal ruesothelioma (RPM) formation following treatment of Fischer 344 rats with o-nitrotoluene (o-NT) or bromochloracetic acid (BCA). Oligo arrays, with over 20,000 target genes, were used to evaluate o-NT- and BCA-induced RPMs, when compared to a non-transformed mesothelial cell line (Fred-PE). Analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software revealed 169 cancer-related genes that were categorized into binding activity, growth and proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion and metastasis. The microarray data were validated by positive correlation with quantitative real-time RT-PCR on 16 selected genes including igf1, tgfb3 and nov. Important carcinogenic pathways involved in RPM formation included insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), p38 MAPkinase, Wnt/beta-catenin and integrin signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that mesotheliomas in rats exposed to o-NT- and BCA were similar to mesotheliomas in humans, at least at the cellular and molecular level. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Environm Carcinogenesis Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. RP Sills, RC (reprint author), NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, MD B3-08,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sills@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 214 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.12.009 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 066FU UT WOS:000239215900006 PM 16460773 ER PT J AU Devesa, V Adair, BM Liu, J Waalkes, MP Diwan, BA Styblo, M Thomas, DJ AF Devesa, Vicenta Adair, Blakely M. Liu, Jie Waalkes, Michael P. Diwan, Bhalchandra A. Styblo, Miroslav Thomas, David J. TI Arsenicals in maternal and fetal mouse tissues after gestational exposure to arsenite SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; mouse; in utero; metabolism; transplacental carcinogenesis ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; ANIMAL-MODELS; IN-UTERO; DEPENDENT DISPOSITION; CACODYLIC ACID; MICE; METABOLISM; CARCINOGENESIS; METHYLATION AB Exposure of pregnant C3H/HeNCR mice to 42.5- or 85-ppm of arsenic as sodium arsenite in drinking water between days 8 and 18 of gestation markedly increases tumor incidence in their offspring. In the work reported here. distribution of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites, methyl arsenic and dimethyl arsenic. were determined in maternal and fetal tissues collected on gestational day 18 of these exposure regimens. Tissues were collected from three females and from associated fetuses exposed to each dosage level. Concentrations of total speciated arsenic (sum of inorganic, methyl, and dimethyl arsenic) were higher in maternal tissues than in placenta and fetal tissues; total speciated arsenic concentration in placenta exceeded those in fetal tissues. significant dosage-dependent (42.5 ppm versus 85 ppm of arsenite in drinking water) differences were found in total speciated arsenic concentrations in maternal lung (p < 0.01) and liver (p < 0.001). Total speciated arsenic concentrations did not differ significantly between dosage levels for maternal blood or for fetal lung. liver. and blood. or for placenta. Percentages of inorganic. methyl. or dimethyl arsenic in maternal or fetal tissues were not dosage-dependent. Over the range of total speciated arsenic concentrations in most maternal and fetal tissues, dimethyl arsenic was the most abundant arsenical. However. in maternal liver at the highest total speciated arsenic concentration, inorganic arsenic was the most abundant arsenical. suggesting that a high tissue burden of arsenic affected formation or retention of methylated species in this organ. Tissue concentration-dependent processes Could affect kinetics of transfer of inorganic arsenic or its metabolites from mother to fetus. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIEHS, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop B143-1,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007057, R03 TW007057-02]; Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350, P30 DK056350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09941, R01 ES010845, R01 ES010845-05] NR 54 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 224 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.041 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 063PH UT WOS:000239031400016 PM 16753250 ER PT J AU Cherney, DP Duirk, SE Tarr, JC Collette, TW AF Cherney, Daniel P. Duirk, Stephen E. Tarr, James C. Collette, Timothy W. TI Monitoring the speciation of aqueous free chlorine from pH 1 to 12 with Raman spectroscopy to determine the identity of the potent low-pH oxidant SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; hypochlorous acid; free chlorine; oxidation; speciation ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; KINETICS; HYDROLYSIS; WATER; HOCL; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; CHLORPYRIFOS; DEGRADATION AB The speciation of aqueous free chlorine above pH 5 is a well-understood equilibrium of H2O + HOCl reversible arrow OCl- + H3O+ with a pK(a) of 7.5. However, the identity of another very potent oxidant present at low pH (below 5) has been attributed by some researchers to Cl-2 (aq) and by others to H2OCl+. We have conducted a series of experiments designed to ascertain which of these two species is correct. First, using Raman spectroscopy, we found that an equilibrium of H2O + H2OCl+ reversible arrow HOCl + H3O+ is unlikely because the "apparent pK(a)" increases monotonically from 1.25 to 2.11 as the analytical concentration is increased from 6.6 to 26.2 mM. Second, we found that significantly reducing the chloride ion concentration changed the Raman spectrum and also dramatically reduced the oxidation potency of the low-pH solution (as compared to solutions at the same pH that contained equimolar concentrations of Cl- and HOCl). The chloride ion concentration was not expected to impact an equilibrium of H2O + H2OCl+ reversible arrow HOCl + H3O+ if it existed. These observations supported the following equilibrium as pH is decreased: Cl-2 (aq) + 2H(2)O reversible arrow HOCl + Cl- + H3O+. The concentration-based equilibrium constant was estimated to be approximately 2.56 X 10(-4) M-2 in solutions whose ionic strengths were similar to 0.01 M. The oxidative potency of the species in low pH solutions was investigated by monitoring the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These and other results reported here argue strongly that Cl-2 (aq) is the correct form of the potent low-pH oxidant in aqueous free-chlorine solutions. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM collette.tim@epa.gov NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 7 BP 764 EP 772 DI 10.1366/000370206777887062 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 063UW UT WOS:000239046400008 PM 16854264 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Touati, A Oudejans, L Ryan, SP AF Gullett, Brian K. Touati, Abderrahmane Oudejans, Lukas Ryan, Shawn P. TI Real-time emission characterization of organic air toxic pollutants during steady state and transient operation of a medium duty diesel engine SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE emission factor; air toxics; diesel; startup; emissions; REMPI-TOFMS ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONLINE AB An on-line monitoring method, jet resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), was used to measure emissions of organic air toxics from a medium-duty (60 kW) diesel generator during transient and steady state operations. Emissions of gas phase benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, p-xylenes (BTEX), styrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at levels in the 10-500 ppb range with a measurement frequency of 10 s(-1): this enabled rapid emission characterization as a function of operating conditions: cold starts, hot starts and load changes. The sensitivity, selectivity and real-time monitoring capabilities of the jet REMPI-TOFMS system discerned transient concentrations of organic air toxics (e.g., benzene and naphthalene) during cold starts exceeding 15 times their steady state levels. Time-integrated concentrations obtained by jet REMPI-TOFMS compared well with standard EPA methods. The jet REMPI-TOFMS system provides a means to rapidly characterize air toxic emission factors that enables users to alter operational procedures to minimize air toxic formation. The relative concentrations between startup and steady state emissions, as well as the transition period between these levels, were specific for each type of compound found in the diesel exhaust. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 16 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4037 EP 4047 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.031 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065BU UT WOS:000239135200002 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Weaver, JW AF Tillman, Fred D., Jr. Weaver, James W. TI Uncertainty from synergistic effects of multiple parameters in the Johnson and Ettinger (1991) vapor intrusion model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vapor intrusion; Johnson and Ettinger model; risk assessment; volatile organic compounds ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; TOXIC SOIL VAPORS; CONTAMINATION; BUILDINGS; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE AB Migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings is known as vapor intrusion (VI). Under certain circumstances, people living in homes above contaminated soil or ground water may be exposed to harmful levels of these vapors. VI is a particularly difficult pathway to assess, as challenges exist in delineating subsurface contributions to measured indoor-air concentrations as well as in adequate characterization of subsurface parameters necessary to calibrate a predictive flow and transport model. Often, a screening-level model is employed to determine if a potential indoor inhalation exposure pathway exists and, if such a pathway is complete, whether long-term exposure increases the occupants' risk for cancer or other toxic effects to an unacceptable level. A popular screening-level algorithm currently in wide use in the United States, Canada and the UK for making such determinations is the "Johnson and Ettinger" (J&E) model. Concern exists over using the J&E model for deciding whether or not further action is necessary at sites as many parameters are not routinely measured (or are un-measurable). Many screening decisions are then made based on simulations using "best estimate" look-up parameter values. While research exists on the sensitivity of the J&E model to individual parameter uncertainty, little published information is available on the combined effects of multiple uncertain parameters and their effect on screening decisions. This paper presents results of multiple-parameter uncertainty analyses using the J&E model to evaluate risk to humans from VI. Software was developed to produce automated uncertainty analyses of the model. Results indicate an increase in predicted cancer risk from multiple-parameter uncertainty by nearly a factor of 10 compared with single-parameter uncertainty. Additionally, a positive skew in model response to variation of some parameters was noted for both single and multiple parameter uncertainty analyses. From these results, an example order of data collection is presented to reduce output uncertainty. An on-line version of the model with automated uncertainty analyses is available to the public on EPA's Office of Research and Development website (http://www.epa.gov/ athens/onsite). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Weaver, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Weaver.Jim@epa.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4098 EP 4112 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.011 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065BU UT WOS:000239135200007 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Ortega, J Guenther, A Herrick, JD Geron, C AF Helmig, Detlev Ortega, John Guenther, Alex Herrick, Jeffrey D. Geron, Chris TI Sesquiterpene emissions from loblolly pine and their potential contribution to biogenic aerosol formation in the Southeastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sesquiterpenes; montoterpenes; emission factors; organic secondary aerosol ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION; MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS; OZONE; GAS; HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION; FOREST; AIR; CARYOPHYLLENE AB Sesquiterpene (SQT) and montoterpene (MT) emissions from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were studied by branch enclosure experiments at Duke Forest in Chapel Hill, NC. Four SQT (beta-caryophyllene, alpha-bergamotene, alpha-humulene, beta-farnesene), five MT (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, beta-phellandrene, limonene), and the oxygenated NIT linalool were identified. Emission rates of both compound classes increased exponentially with temperature, albeit SQT temperature coefficients (0.12-0.18 K-1) were higher than for MT (0.068-0.15 K-1), resulting in an increased contribution of SQT to the overall biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) flux during warm temperature conditions. The highly correlated variables of light and temperature conditions preclude a rigorous characterization of their individual roles in driving these emissions. However, the observations indicate that there may be both temperature-only and temperature/light-dependent components contributing to SQT emission variations. When normalized to 30 degrees C using the best-fit temperature algorithm, total SQT basal emission rate was 450 ng g(-1) h(-1). The potential contribution of SQT from all pine trees (based on the loblolly pine emission factors) to secondary, biogenic organic aerosol in 12 southeastern US states was estimated to be 7 x 10(6) kg for the month of September which constitutes an appreciable portion of the overall PM 2.5 emission budget. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. US EPA, QAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4150 EP 4157 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.035 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065BU UT WOS:000239135200011 ER PT J AU Anderson, JB Baumgardner, RE Grenville, SE AF Anderson, James B. Baumgardner, Ralph E., Jr. Grenville, Sandra E. TI Trends in cloud water sulfate and nitrate as measured at two mountain sites in the Eastern United States: Regional contributions and temporal changes compared with regional changes in emissions, 1986-1999 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cloud chemistry; cloud liquid water content; back trajectory ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; ACID-RAIN; NEW-YORK; SULFUR; CHEMISTRY; FOREST; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM AB Air pollutant emissions in the US generally peaked in 1970, the year that the Clean Air Act was passed, and have declined since, except for oxides of nitrogen (NO,), which have remained steady or slowly increased. In 1995 Phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 went into effect resulting in a sharp drop in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in most areas. Pollutant concentrations measured in precipitation and ambient air generally reflected the changes in emissions in most areas of the eastern US. Only the southern Appalachian Mountain region did not see an appreciable improvement in precipitation acidity over the last decade. Previous studies of cloud chemistry in the eastern US found no pattern of temporal trends, possibly because of large year-to-year variation in meteorology. In this paper, we present spatial and temporal trends in SO42- and NO3- concentrations of cloud water samples collected in warm seasons only at two mountain sites (Whiteface Mountain, NY and Whitetop Mountain, VA). This analysis is based on a combined cloud chemistry data-set collected by EPA's Mountain Cloud Chemistry Program (MCCP) (1986-1989) and Mountain Acid Deposition Program (MADPro) (1994-1999). Sample concentrations were (1) normalized by liquid water content (to reduce within-cloud variation) and (2) segregated into 90 degrees arrival quadrants based on 36 It back trajectory analysis (to diminish between-cloud or meteorological variation). For each quadrant at the two sites, annual (12 month) county emissions Of SO2 and NOx were compiled out to 600, 1000, and 1600km, and these values were compared with the annual means (warm season only) of normalized SO42- and NO3- concentrations in hourly samples of cloud water (segregated by back-trajectory) collected at each site. For the period 1987-1999, Quadrant 3 (SW) for Whiteface Mt. and Quadrants 3 (SW) and 4 (NW) for Whitetop Mt. had the highest SO2 emissions and showed the largest decline in SO2 emissions after the CAAA was implemented. These same quadrants which had the largest decrease in emissions showed significant declines in cloud water SO42- over the time period. NOx emissions were highest in Quadrant 3 for Whiteface Mt. and in Quadrants I and 4 for Whitetop Mt. Only in Quadrant I at Whitetop Mt. did NOx emissions decrease during the study period (1987-1999). Cloud water NO3- showed no consistent pattern at either mountain site with some quadrants having higher cloud water NO 3 values after Phase 1 of the CAAA and other quadrants having little change in cloud water NO3- values. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Wetlands & Water Resources, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Air Qual Serv Inc, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. RP Anderson, JB (reprint author), Ctr Wetlands & Water Resources, Univ Mississippi Field Stn,15 Rd 2078, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 4423 EP 4437 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.057 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 067GO UT WOS:000239290100015 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Davis, RH AF Rogers, John E. Davis, Robert H. TI Application of a new micro-culturing technique to assess the effects of temperature and salinity on specific growth rates of six Symbiodinilim isolates SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEFS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZOOXANTHELLAE; HYPOTHESIS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB A simple micro-culturing technique is described for determining specific growth rates of cultured Symbiodinium spp. Micro-cultures were prepared by transferring 200 mu L fresh test medium containing 2-10 Symbiodinium cells to wells of a flat bottom 96-well plate. Cultures were incubated undisturbed to eliminate potential adverse effects of mixing or agitation. Specific growth rates were determined from daily cell counts obtained using an inverted microscope. Sufficient data for the calculation of specific growth rates were collected in 7-10 d. Specific growth rates approached the theoretical maximum of one division per day for dinoflagellates. Similar growth rates also were observed with undisturbed 30 ml cultures prepared in sealed polyethylene sample bags. However, bag cultures that were mixed daily exhibited no growth; when daily mixing was stopped, cultures grew at rates similar to undisturbed bag cultures indicating that undisturbed cultures were optimal for Symbiodinium growth. The micro-culturing technique was used to examine the effects of temperature and salinity on the growth of six Symbiodinium spp. Growth was differentially affected by incubation temperatures of 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35 degrees C as well as by culture medium having salinities of 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 40, and 45. This micro-culturing technique offers a relatively rapid approach for conducting growth studies with Symbiodinium spp. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, UWF, Sci Training Ecol Program, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM rogers.johne@epa.gov NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 113 EP 126 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073VJ UT WOS:000239770400006 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Peterson, GS Scharold, JV AF Sierszen, Michael E. Peterson, Gregory S. Scharold, Jill V. TI Depth-specific patterns in benthic-planktonic food web relationships in Lake Superior SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE APPROACH; MYSIS-RELICTA; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CHIRONOMID LARVAE; MESOTROPHIC LAKE; TROPHIC POSITION; CARBON ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER AB In an investigation of the spatial characteristics of Laurentian Great Lakes food webs, we examined the trophic relationship between benthic amphipods (Diporeia) and plankton in Lake Superior. We analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of Diporeia and plankton at stations in water column depths of 4-300 m. Neither delta N-15 nor delta C-13 of plankton from the upper 50 m of the water column varied significantly with station depth. Diporeia isotope ratios exhibited depth-specific patterns reflecting changes in food sources and food web relationships with plankton. Diporeia was C-13 enriched at station depths of < 40 m, reflecting increased dietary importance of benthic algae. There was a systematic increase in Diporeia delta N-15 with depth, which appeared to result from a combination of dietary shifts in the nearshore and decompositional changes in Diporeia's principal food, sedimented plankton, in deep habitats. Diporeia delta C-13 and delta N-15 together described changes in food web isotope baseline with depth. They also discriminated three depth strata representing photic, mid-depth, and profundal zones. These findings have implications for our understanding of Great Lakes food webs and analyses of trophic position within them, the ecology of zoobenthos and plankton communities, and sampling designs for large lakes. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov NR 67 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 34 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1496 EP 1503 DI 10.1139/F06-057 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 066ZV UT WOS:000239270600007 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Rockwell, DC Warren, GJ Tuchman, ML AF Barbiero, Richard P. Rockwell, David C. Warren, Glenn J. Tuchman, Marc L. TI Changes in spring phytoplankton communities and nutrient dynamics in the eastern basin of Lake Erie since the invasion of Dreissena spp. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL INVASION; SAGINAW BAY; POLYMORPHA PALLAS; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; PLANKTONIC DIATOMS; OFFSHORE WATERS; HATCHERY BAY; NEW-YORK AB Distinct changes have occurred in the size and composition of the spring phytoplankton community in the eastern basin of Lake Erie following the introduction of Dreissena. Since 1996, total phytoplankton biovolume has decreased to approximately 20% of pre-Dreissena levels, whereas postinvasion concentrations of spring soluble nutrients, particularly silica, have been substantially elevated compared with earlier years. Spring dominance has shifted from a mix of pennate and large centric diatoms and pyrrophytes to three centric diatoms with high silica requirements: Aulacoseira islandica, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and Stephanodiscus parvus, and the overall diversity and species richness of the spring phytoplankton community has declined significantly. In addition, current April silica concentrations are approximately twice as high as historical (i.e., 1960s-1980s) winter maxima, indicating that the silica content of the lake has increased since the dreissenid invasion. These results suggest that the severe silica depletion caused by increased anthropogenic inputs of nutrients during the last century has been mitigated through a decrease in diatom production, most likely brought about by dreissenid grazing. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 1359 W Elmdale Ave,Suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM gloeotri@sbcglobal.net NR 60 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1549 EP 1563 DI 10.1139/F06-059 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 066ZV UT WOS:000239270600012 ER PT J AU Perera, FP Tang, DL Brandt-Rauf, P Santella, RM Mooney, LVA Tu, YH Bendkowska, I Bell, DA AF Perera, Frederica P. Tang, Deliang Brandt-Rauf, Paul Santella, Regina M. Mooney, La Verne A. Tu, Yi-Hsuan Bendkowska, Ivona Bell, Douglas A. TI Lack of associations among cancer and albumin adducts, ras p21 oncoprotein levels, and CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NAT1. and, NAT2 in a nested case-control study of lung cancer within the Physicians' Health Study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON-DNA; RISK; ONCOGENE; GENOTYPE; ADENOCARCINOMA; POLYMORPHISMS; METAANALYSIS; ACTIVATION C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 100 Haven Ave,Tower III,25F, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM fpp1@columbia.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [5R01 CA 53772]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES009089]; PHS HHS [1R01 1019650595] NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1419 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0691 PG 3 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 061OB UT WOS:000238880800032 PM 16835348 ER PT J AU Riley, AM Trusselle, M Kuad, P Borkovec, M Cho, J Choi, JH Qian, X Shears, SB Spiess, B Potter, BVL AF Riley, Andrew M. Trusselle, Melanie Kuad, Paul Borkovec, Michal Cho, Jaiesoon Choi, Jae H. Qian, Xun Shears, Stephen B. Spiess, Bernard Potter, Barry V. L. TI scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate as an analogue of myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate: Chemical synthesis, physicochemistry and biological applications SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE cyclitols; enzymes; inositol phosphates; protecting groups; structure-activity relationships ID D-MYO-INOSITOL; INFRAMOLECULAR PROTONATION PROCESS; PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; 3-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; POSSIBLE REGIOISOMERS; HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; PTEN; INHIBITORS; 1,3,4,5-TETRAKISPHOSPHATE; INS(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 AB myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesised from the same myo-inositol-based precursor. Potentiometric and NMR titrations show that both pentakisphosphates undergo a conformational ring-flip at higher pH, beginning at pH 8 for scyllo-InsP(5) and pH 9 for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5. Over the physiological pH range, however, the conformation of the inositol rings and the microprotonation patterns of the phosphate groups in Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 and scyllo-InsP(5) are similar. Thus scyllo-InsP(5) should be a useful tool for identifying biologically relevant actions of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5, mediated by specific binding sites, and distinguishing them from nonspecific electrostatic effects. We also demonstrate that, although scyllo-InsP(5) and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 are both hydrolysed by multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP), scyllo-InsP(5) is not dephosphorylated by PTEN or phosphorylated by Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 2-kinases. This finding both reinforces the value of scyllo-InsP(5) as a biological control and shows that the axial 2-OH group of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 plays a part in substrate recognition by PTEN and the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P-5 2-kinases. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Wolfson Lab Med Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. ULP, Dept Pharmacochim Commun Cellulaire, UMR 7175, LC1,CNRS,Fac Pharm, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Univ Geneva, Dept Inorgan Analyt & Appl Chem, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Lab Signal Transduct, Inositide Signaling Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Potter, BVL (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Wolfson Lab Med Chem, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM B.V.L.Potter@bath.oc.uk RI Potter, Barry/A-1845-2012; Borkovec, Michal/C-6022-2014; Riley, Andrew/F-3526-2013 OI Borkovec, Michal/0000-0002-1114-4865; FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080046-19]; Wellcome Trust [060554] NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD JUL PY 2006 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1114 EP 1122 DI 10.1002/cbic.200600037 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 061NP UT WOS:000238879600018 PM 16755629 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM AF Zucker, Robert M. TI Quality assessment of confocal microscopy slide based systems: Performance SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE confocal microscope; coefficient of variation; quality assurance; field illumination; axial resolution ID SPECTRAL IMAGING-SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CYTOMETRY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; CALIBRATION; INTENSITY; IMAGES AB Background: All fluorescence slide-based cytometry detections systems basically include the following components: (1) an excitation light source, (2) intermediate optics, and (3) a detection device consisting of a CCD camera or a PMT. The optical principles employed is slide-based systems are similar to those of confocal microscopes (CLSM). Methods: The following tests evaluated confocal equipment performance: dichroic reflectivity, field illumination, lens performance, laser power output, spectral registration, axial resolution, PMT reliability, and system noise. Results: Quality assurance tests provide a basis to determine if the equipment is operating correctly. Laser power, PMTs function, dichroic reflection, spectral registration, axial registration, system noise and sensitivity, lens performance and laser stability were tested colocalization of UV and visible peaks of a bead should be less than 210 nm. Interference contrast optics decrease fluorescence resolution. Conclusions: QA tests that assess CLSM system performance are also applicable to other slide-based systems. By utilization this type of testing approach, the subjective nature of assessing the CLSM may be eliminated. These tests serve as guidelines for other investigators to ensure that their machines are providing data that is accurate with the necessary resolution, sensitivity and precision. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@.epa.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69A IS 7 BP 659 EP 676 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20314 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 063CH UT WOS:000238993100013 PM 16807897 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM AF Zucker, Robert M. TI Quality assessment of confocal microscopy slide-based systems: Instability SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE confocal microscope; laser power stability; quality assurance; spectroscopy; slide-based cytometry ID CYTOMETRY; IMAGES AB Background: All slide-based fluorescence cytometry detections systems basically include an excitation light source, intermediate optics, and a detection device (CCD or PMT). Occasionally, this equipment becomes unstable, generating unreliable and inferior data. Methods: A number of tests have been devised to evaluate equipment performance and instability. The following four instability tests are described: galvanometer scanning, stage drift, correct wavelength spectral detection, and long-term laser power. Results: Quality assurance tests revealed that a confocal microscope can become unstable in the following parameters, yielding inaccurate data: laser power, PMTs functionality spectrophotometer accuracy, galvanometer scanning and laser stability, and stage drift. Long-term laser power stability has been observed to vary greatly. Conclusions: Confocal systems can become unstable in the following parameters: long-term laser power, galvanometer scanning, spectrophotometer accuracy, and stage stability. Instability in any of these parameters will affect image quality. Laser power fluctuations result from either a defective Acousto-optic tunable filter or improper heat dissipation. Spectrophotometer instability will generate unreliable spectra data, extra light reflections, and poor image quality. Galvanometer scanning instability yields poor image quality while microscope stage drift results in a sample going out of the plane of focus. With minor modifications, these tests may be applicable to other slide-based systems. (c) 2006 international society for Analytical Cytology. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD72, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD72, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epa.gov NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69A IS 7 BP 677 EP 690 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20313 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 063CH UT WOS:000238993100014 PM 16807898 ER PT J AU Komatsu, Y Fukuda, T Scott, G Kamiya, N Yamamura, K Mishina, Y AF Komatsu, Yoshihiro Fukuda, Tomokazu Scott, Gregory Kamiya, Nobuhiro Yamamura, Ken-ichi Mishina, Yuji TI Enhanced BMP signaling through a type I BMP receptor ALK2 shows ectopic cartilage formation in mouse craniofacial portion SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUN 17-21, 2006 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Soc Dev Biol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Kumamoto Univ, Inst Mol Embryol & Genet, Kumamoto, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 MA 200 BP 399 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.223 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 063DL UT WOS:000238996200223 ER PT J AU Castranio, T Mishina, Y AF Castranio, Trisha Mishina, Yuji TI Cephalic neural tube closure requires BMP2 expression SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUN 17-21, 2006 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Soc Dev Biol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 MA 346 BP 446 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.376 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 063DL UT WOS:000238996200363 ER PT J AU Miura, S Davis, S Klingensmith, J Mishina, Y AF Miura, Shigeto Davis, Shannon Klingensmith, John Mishina, Yuji TI BMP signaling in the epiblast is required for proper recruitment of the prospective paraxial mesoderm and development of somites SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUN 17-21, 2006 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Soc Dev Biol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 MA 344 BP 446 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.374 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 063DL UT WOS:000238996200361 ER PT J AU Slitt, AL Cherrington, NJ Fisher, CD Negishi, M Klaassen, CD AF Slitt, AL Cherrington, NJ Fisher, CD Negishi, M Klaassen, CD TI Induction of genes for metabolism and transport by trans-stilbene oxide in livers of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Kyoto rats SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PROTEIN-3; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; ACETAMINOPHEN METABOLITES; MEDIATED INDUCTION; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; EXPRESSION AB trans-Stilbene oxide (TSO) is a synthetic proestrogen that induces phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TSO also induces transporter expression in rat liver and whether gene induction in rat liver after TSO occurs in a constitutive androstane receptor ( CAR)dependent manner. Total RNA was isolated from male rat livers after treatment with TSO for up to 4 days ( 200 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily), and the mRNA levels for each gene were quantified. CYP2B1/2, CYP3A1, epoxide hydrolase, heme oxygenase-1, UGT1A6, UGT2B1, multiple drug resistance protein (Mdr) 1a and 1b, as well as multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 2, 3, and 4 mRNA were increased in livers after TSO treatment. To determine whether TSO activates gene expression in a CAR-dependent manner, male and female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with TSO for 3 days. TSO induced CYP2B1/2, UGT2B1, and Mdr1b in males more than in females, suggesting that TSO could increase their expression via CAR. Conversely, TSO induced CYP3A1, epoxide hydrolase, UGT1A6, and Mrp3 similarly in both genders, indicating that induction of these genes occurs independently of CAR. TSO treatment also increased the activity of a CAR binding element luciferase reporter construct in HepG2 cells transfected with rat CAR and in mouse liver. Additionally, TSO increased antioxidant response element/electrophile response element luciferase reporter construct activity in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, in WKY rat liver, TSO increases CYP2B1/2, UGT2B1, and Mdr1b mRNA expression in a gender-dependent manner and CYP3A1, epoxide hydrolase, UGT1A6, and Mrp3 in a gender-independent manner. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Klaassen, CD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM cklaasse@kumc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [F32 ES011239-01, ES-09716, ES-11239, F32 ES011239, F32 ES005883, ES-07079, F32 ES011239-02] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1197 DI 10.1124/dmd.105.007542 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 055GK UT WOS:000238438000016 PM 16621935 ER PT J AU Cote, I AF Cote, I TI Use of mode of action and its application to risk assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 400 EP 400 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900002 ER PT J AU Sams, RL AF Sams, R. L. TI Issues regarding mode of action analysis for arsenicals and implications for dose-response analysis. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 400 EP 400 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900004 ER PT J AU Benson, WH Gallagher, K McClintock, JT AF Benson, W. H. Gallagher, K. McClintock, J. T. TI Potential impacts of genomics on EPA regulatory and risk assessment applications. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900031 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Keshava, N Law, BF Weston, A AF Keshava, C. Keshava, N. Law, B. F. Weston, A. TI Transcriptional signatures and potential biomarkers of asphalt fume exposure in rat epithelial cells using DNA microarrays. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept Hlth, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900079 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, DT Gangarosa, L Schliebe, B DeMarini, DM Xu, Z Umbach, DM Sandler, RS Taylor, JA AF Shaughnessy, D. T. Gangarosa, L. Schliebe, B. DeMarini, D. M. Xu, Z. Umbach, D. M. Sandler, R. S. Taylor, J. A. TI Inhibition of fried meat-induced DNA damage: Use of cruciferous vegetables, yogurt, and chlorophyllin in a dietary intervention study in humans. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 NIEHS, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Gastrointestinal Biol & Dis, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 423 EP 423 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900097 ER PT J AU John, K Divi, RL Keshava, C Whipkey, DL Poirier, ML Orozco, C Shockley, M Weston, A Nath, J AF John, K. Divi, R. L. Keshava, C. Whipkey, D. L. Poirier, M. C. Orozco, C. Shockley, M. Weston, A. Nath, J. TI Modulation by chlorophyllin of benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-dependent CYP1 induction and DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary cells (NHMECs) and MCF-7 cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900104 ER PT J AU Swartz, CD King, L Nesnow, S Sikka, HC Kumar, S AF Swartz, C. D. King, L. Nesnow, S. Sikka, H. C. Kumar, S. TI Mutagenicity and DNA adduct profiles of two sulfur analogs of benzo[c]phenanthrene and their dihydrodiol derivatives in Salmonella. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900106 ER PT J AU Klingerman, AD Khamdy, A Seed, D Abu-Zayed, H King, L George, MD DeAngelo, A AF Klingerman, A. D. Khamdy, A. Seed, D. Abu-Zayed, H. King, L. George, M. H. DeAngelo, A. TI Dibromonitromethane-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and formation of DNA adducts in the liver of male and female F344 rats. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. US EPA Shaw Univ Apprentice Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 439 EP 439 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900155 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Jinot, J Sonawane, B AF Keshava, N. Jinot, J. Sonawane, B. TI An evaluation of mutagenic mode of action for carcinogenicity: Ethylene oxide. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900167 ER PT J AU Wong, D Allen, J Keshava, C AF Wong, D. Allen, J. Keshava, C. TI Review of acrylonitrile mutagenicity. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900168 ER PT J AU DeVoney, D Thompson, CM Keshava, C Hsu, CH Whalan, JE AF DeVoney, D. Thompson, C. M. Keshava, C. Hsu, C. H. Whalan, J. E. TI A critical review of the role of genotoxicity in formaldehyde-induced carcinogenicity: Relevance to public health. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900177 ER PT J AU Ward, WO Swartz, CD Porwollik, S Warren, SH Hanley, NM McClelland, M DeMarini, DM AF Ward, W. O. Swartz, C. D. Porwollik, S. Warren, S. H. Hanley, N. M. McClelland, M. DeMarini, D. M. TI Transcriptional response of Salmonella to MX: Alteration of genes involved in cellular membrane transport as a possible contributin mechanism of the carcinogenicity of MX. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900178 ER PT J AU Yager, JW Kenyon, EM Clewell, H Thomas, R Hughes, MF Crecelius, EA AF Yager, J. W. Kenyon, E. M. Clewell, H. Thomas, R. Hughes, M. F. Crecelius, E. A. TI Gene expression changes in mouse bladder tissue in response to inorganic arsenic. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Battelle Labs, Sequim, WA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 456 EP 456 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900218 ER PT J AU Vijayalaxmi Kligerman, AD Ullrich, SE AF Vijayalaxmi Kligerman, A. D. Ullrich, S. E. TI Micronucleus studies in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of mice treated with jet fuels, JP-8 and Jet-A. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol & Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900228 ER PT J AU Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Giesy, JP AF Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Giesy, JP TI Characterization of trace organic contaminants in marine sediment from Yeongil Bay, Korea: 1. Instrumental analyses SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); organochlorine pesticides; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); alkylphenols; principal components analysis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; MASAN BAY; BIPHENYLS; ALKYLPHENOLS; WATER; PCBS; TEQS AB Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides (HCB, HCHs, CHLs, and DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured in 26 marine sediments collected from Yeongil Bay, Korea, in order to characterize their spatial distribution and sources. PCBs (2.85-26.5 ng/g, dry wt.) were detected mainly in the inner bay locations Mean OC pesticide ranged from 1.16 ng/g dry wt. for HCH to 0.05 ng/g dry wt. for HCB). PAH concentrations ranged from < 10.0 to 1870 (mean: 309) ng/g dry wt., and were predominated 3- and 4-ring congeners. Concentrations of APs, such as nonylphenol, octylphenol, butylphenol (means 89.1, 4.61, 11.0 ng/g dry wt., respectively), were greater at locations proximal to municipal wastewater discharges. Concentrations of PCBs and PAHs were great near shipyards and industrial complexes. Vertical profiles of PAHs and APs indicated that they have been associated with sediments since the 1950s. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth & Toxicol, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Khim, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jskocean@snu.ac.kr RI Khim, Jong Seong/B-5008-2012; OI Khim, Jong Seong/0000-0001-7977-0929 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044AO UT WOS:000237644600005 PM 16278039 ER PT J AU Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Giesy, JP AF Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Giesy, JP TI Characterization of trace organic contaminants in marine sediment from Yeongil Bay, Korea: 2. Dioxin-like and estrogenic activities SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE in vitro bioassay; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); mass balance; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS; RELATIVE POTENCIES; MASAN BAY; RESPONSES; WATER; ORGANOCHLORINES; EQUIVALENTS; BIOASSAYS; SAMPLES AB This study employed mechanism-specific in vitro bioassays to help characterize the occurrence and distribution of dioxin-like and estrogenic contaminants in sediment from Yeongil Bay, Korea. Approximately 85% of the sediments tested induced significant dioxin-like activity in the H4IIE-luc bioassay, while approximately 50% induced significant estrogenic activity in the MVLN bioassay. Instrumentally-derived estimates of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 17 beta-estradiol equivalents tended to underestimate the magnitude of response observed in the bioassays, suggesting that compounds detected by chemical analysis did not account for all the activity associated with Yeongil Bay sediments, or that nonadditive interactions were occurring. The greatest dioxin-like and estrogenic activity was associated with the mid-polarity Florisil fractions (172) expected to contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as chlorinated dioxins and furans. As in previous studies of Korean coastal sediment, more polar fractions (F3) generated more modest responses both in terms of magnitude and the number of samples responding. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth & Toxicol, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Khim, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jskocean@snu.ac.kr RI Khim, Jong Seong/B-5008-2012; OI Khim, Jong Seong/0000-0001-7977-0929 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044AO UT WOS:000237644600006 PM 16324775 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Birnbaum, L Ryan, JJ Constable, JD AF Schecter, A Birnbaum, L Ryan, JJ Constable, JD TI Dioxins: An overview SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE dioxins; poisoning; Yushchenko; agent orange; TCDD ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD INTOXICATION; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS PCDFS; OPERATION RANCH HAND; AIR-FORCE VETERANS; AGENT-ORANGE; VIETNAM VETERANS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CHLORINATED DIOXIN AB This review article summarizes what is known about human health following exposure to dioxins. It is meant primarily for health professionals but was also written with the general public in mind. The need for Such an article became apparent to the authors following media inquiries at the time the then Ukraine presidential candidate Victor Yushchenko was deliberately poisoned with the most toxic dioxin, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin or TCDD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu NR 108 TC 243 Z9 259 U1 12 U2 61 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 056LI UT WOS:000238524000018 PM 16445906 ER PT J AU Hubbell, BJ AF Hubbell, Bryan J. TI Implementing QALYs in the analysis of air pollution regulations SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; cost-effectiveness; QALY; valuation; mortality; morbidity ID TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; NONSMOKING POPULATION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LIFE YEARS; HEALTH; RISK; IMPACT; CARE AB In recent years, there has been growing interest in cost-effectiveness analysis for environmental regulations using quality-adjusted life years as the measure of effectiveness. This paper explores the implications of the QALY approach for measuring the impacts of air pollution regulations, with an example using the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Heavy Duty Engine/Diesel Fuel regulations. The paper also examines the issues surrounding the potential use of QALY measures in cost-benefit analysis for air pollution regulations. Key findings are that, compared with a cost-benefit approach, the QALY framework gives more weight to reductions in incidence of chronic disease relative to reductions in premature mortality risk, especially when the mortality risk reductions occur in older populations. In addition, use of monetized QALYs in cost-benefit analysis is not recommended, due to fundamental differences in the theoretical grounding of the different measures. However, application of monetized QALYs based on age-specific willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reductions gives very similar results to typical cost-benefit analysis for mortality risk reductions, as opposed to using values for QALYs based on non-age specific WTP. The paper concludes that in cases where mortality provide the majority of a regulation's impacts, QALY based cost-effectiveness analysis and WTP based cost-benefit analysis may not differ in their conclusions. However, in cases where morbidity or non-health outcomes are significant, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis may result in different evaulations of the efficiency of the regulation. C1 US EPA, Innovat Strategies & Econ Grp, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hubbell, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Innovat Strategies & Econ Grp, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubbell.bryan@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 365 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10640-004-7437-1 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075MP UT WOS:000239889400003 ER PT J AU Kochi, I Hubbell, B Kramer, R AF Kochi, Ikuho Hubbell, Bryan Kramer, Randall TI An empirical Bayes approach to combining and comparing estimates of the value of a statistical life for environmental policy analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE value of a statistical life (VSL); empirical Bayes estimate; environmental policy; health policy; contingent valuation method; hedonic wage method ID COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; WORKPLACE RISKS; LABOR-MARKET; AVOIDANCE; MORTALITY; HEALTH; DEPEND; UNION; DEATH AB An empirical Bayes pooling method is used to combine and compare estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL). The data come from 40 selected studies published between 1974 and 2002, containing 197 VSL estimates. The estimated composite distribution of empirical Bayes adjusted VSL has a mean of $5.4 million and a standard deviation of $2.4 million. The empirical Bayes method greatly reduces the variability around the pooled VSL estimate. The pooled VSL estimate is influenced by the choice of valuation method, study location, and union status of sample but not to the source of data on occupational risk or the consideration of non-fatal risk injury. C1 Duke Univ, Nicolas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kramer, R (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicolas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kramer@duke.edu RI Kochi, Ikuho/S-3985-2016; OI Kochi, Ikuho/0000-0002-9591-9954; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 385 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10640-006-9000-8 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075MP UT WOS:000239889400004 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Borges, SL Bennett, RS Torrez, M Williams, BI Leffel, R AF Vyas, Nimish B. Spann, James W. Hulse, Craig S. Borges, Shannon L. Bennett, Richard S. Torrez, Martin Williams, Bruce I. Leffel, Robert TI Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE birds; cholinesterase; mortality; residues; risk quotient ID CANADA GEESE; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; TURF APPLICATION; DIAZINON AG500; PESTICIDE; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY; PARATHION AB We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field. We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D.Z.N (R) 50W (50% diazinon active ingredient wettable powder) formulation on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured, and the feathers and skin, feet, and gastrointestinal contents were analyzed for diazinon residues. The dose-response curves showed that diazinon was significantly more toxic to goslings in the outdoor test than in the laboratory tests. The deterministic risk assessment method identified the potential for risk to birds in general, but the factors associated with extrapolating from the laboratory to the field, and from the laboratory test species to other species, resulted in the underestimation of risk to the goslings. The present study indicates that laboratory-based risk quotients should be interpreted with caution. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nimish_vyas@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1762 EP 1771 DI 10.1897/05-230R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200010 PM 16833136 ER PT J AU Ward, TJ Boeri, RL Hogstrand, C Kramer, JR Lussier, SM Stubblefield, WA Wyskiel, DC Gorsuch, JW AF Ward, Timothy J. Boeri, Robert L. Hogstrand, Christer Kramer, James R. Lussier, Suzanne M. Stubblefield, William A. Wyskiel, Derek C. Gorsuch, Joseph W. TI Influence of salinity and organic carbon on the chronic toxicity of silver to mysids (Americamysis bahia) and silversides (Menidia beryllina) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE silver; marine water-quality criteria; chronic toxicity; Americamysis bahia; Menidia beryllina ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SPECIATION; PHYSIOLOGY; EXPOSURE; METALS; FISH AB Tests were conducted with mysids (Americamysis bahia) and silversides (Menidia beryllina) to evaluate the influence of salinity and organic carbon on the chronic toxicity of silver. During 7- and 28-d tests conducted at 10, 20, and 30 parts per thousand salinity, higher concentrations of dissolved silver generally were required to cause a chronic effect as the salinity of the seawater was increased. The 28-d mysid and silverside 20%-effective concentration values (expressed as dissolved silver) ranged from 3.9 to 60 and from 38 to 170 mu g/L, respectively, over the salinity range. This pattern was not observed when the same test results were evaluated against the concentrations of free ionic silver (measured directly during toxicity tests), as predicted by the free-ion activity model. Increasing the concentration of dissolved organic carbon from I mg/L to the apparent maximum achievable concentration of 6 mg/L in seawater caused a slight decrease in chronic toxicity to silversides but had no effect on the chronic toxicity to mysids. The possible additive toxicity of silver in both food and water also was investigated. Even at the maximum achievable foodborne concentration, the chronic toxicity of silver added to the water was not affected when silver was also added to the food, based on the most sensitive endpoint (growth). However, although fecundity was unaffected at all five tested concentrations during the test with silver in water only, it was significantly reduced at the two highest waterborne silver concentrations (12 and 24 mu g/L) during the test with silver dosed into food and water. C1 TR Wilbury Labs, Marblehead, MA 01945 USA. Kings Coll London, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Div Life Sci, London SE1 9WA, England. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Parametrix, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Gorsuch Environm Management Serv, Webster, NY 14580 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), Gradient Corp, 20 Univ Rd, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tward@gradientcorp.com RI Hogstrand, Christer/C-9041-2013 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1809 EP 1816 DI 10.1897/05-400R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200016 PM 16833142 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT AF Burkhard, Lawrence P. Cook, Philip M. Lukasewycz, Marta T. TI A hybrid empirical-mechanistic modeling approach for extrapolating biota-sediment accumulation factors and bioaccumulation factors across species, time, and/or ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation factor; biota-sediment accumulation factor; extrapolation ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; CONGENERS; TROUT; FIELD AB An approach is presented for extrapolating field-measured biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) across species, time, and/or ecosystems. This approach, called the hybrid bioaccumulation modeling approach, uses mechanistic bioaccumulation models to extrapolate field-measured bioaccumulation data (i.e., BSAFs and BAFs) to new sets of ecological conditions. The hybrid approach predicts relative differences in bioaccumulation using food web models with two sets of ecological conditions and parameters: One set for the ecosystem where the BSAFs and/or BAFs were measured, and the other set for the ecological conditions and parameters for which the extrapolated BSAFs and/or BAFs are desired. The field-measured BSAF (or BAF) is extrapolated by adjusting the measured BSAF (or BAF) by the predicted relative difference, which is derived from two separate solutions of the food web model. Extrapolations of polychlorinated biphenyl BSAFs and BAFs for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from southern Lake Michigan to Green Bay of Lake Michigan (Green Bay, WI, USA) walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), as well as Hudson River largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens), resulted in generally better agreement between measured and predicted BSAFs and BAFs with the hybrid approach. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1946 EP 1952 DI 10.1897/05-222R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200033 PM 16833159 ER PT J AU Bonde, JP Joffe, M Sallmen, M Kristensen, P Olsen, J Roeleveld, N Wilcox, AH AF Bonde, JP Joffe, M Sallmen, M Kristensen, P Olsen, J Roeleveld, N Wilcox, AH TI Validity issues relating to time-to-pregnancy studies of fertility SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WAITING TIME; FECUNDITY; BIAS; INFERTILITY; EXPOSURES C1 Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Helsinki, Finland. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Radboud Univ Nigmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Bonde, JP (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM jpbon@as.aaa.dk RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008; OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 347 EP 349 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000210239.80406.46 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059NX UT WOS:000238740600001 PM 16810093 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Mazan, MR Hoffman, AM Robinson, NE AF Ghio, A. J. Mazan, M. R. Hoffman, A. M. Robinson, N. E. TI Correlates between human lung injury after particle exposure and recurrent airway obstruction in the horse SO EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE horse; air pollution; grain dusts; inflammation; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; inflammatory airway disease; man ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; PULMONARY-DISEASE COPD; HEAVES-AFFECTED HORSES; NF-KAPPA-B; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; AIRBORNE DUST; GRAIN DUST; AEROALLERGEN CONCENTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; ALVEOLAR EMPHYSEMA C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pulm Lab, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd,Campus Box 7315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0425-1644 J9 EQUINE VET J JI Equine Vet. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 362 EP 367 DI 10.2746/042516406777749272 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 061YP UT WOS:000238910900015 PM 16866207 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT Lach, DH Duncan, SL AF Lackey, Robert T. Lach, Denise H. Duncan, Sally L. TI Policy options to reverse the decline of wild pacific salmon SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM lackey.robert@epa.gov RI Lach, Denise/E-1937-2013 OI Lach, Denise/0000-0002-8406-5033 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 067ER UT WOS:000239285000011 ER PT J AU Clien, H Baron, JJ Barney, WP Holm, R Kunkel, DL Schneider, BA AF Clien, H. Baron, J. J. Barney, W. P. Holm, R. Kunkel, D. L. Schneider, B. A. TI Crop grouping-an effective tool for protecting to medicinal crop production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, IR4 Project, N Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 961 EP 962 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700099 ER PT J AU Kalin, L Hantush, MH AF Kalin, Latif Hantush, Mohamed H. TI Comparative assessment of two distributed watershed models with application to a small watershed SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE runoff; sediment; watershed; distributed model; GSSHA; KINEROS-2 ID SEDIMENT SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMIC ERODIBILITY; EROSION PREDICTION; RUNOFF MODELS; SOIL; KINEROS2; INFILTRATION; VALIDATION; OPTIMIZATION; METHODOLOGY AB Distributed watershed models are beneficial tools for the assessment of management practices on runoff and water-induced erosion. This paper evaluates, by application to an experimental watershed. two promising distributed watershed-scale sediment models in detail: the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion (KINEROS-2) model and the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) model. The physics behind each model are to some extent similar, though they have different watershed conceptualizations. KINEROS-2 Was calibrated using three rainfall events and validated over four separate rainfall events. Parameters estimated by this calibration process were adapted to GSSHA. With these parameters, GSSHA generated larger and retarded flow hydrographs. A 30% reduction in both plane and channel roughness in GSSHA along with the assumption of Green-Ampt conductivity KG-A = K-s, where K-s is the saturated conductivity, resulted in almost identical hydrographs. Sediment parameters not common in both models were calibrated independently of KINEROS-2. A comparative discussion Of Simulation results is presented. Even though GSSHA's flow component slightly overperformed KINEROS-2, the latter outperformed GSSHA in simulations for sediment transport. In spite of the fact that KINEROS-2 is not geared toward continuous-time simulations. simulations performed with both models over a I month period generated comparable results. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kalin, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Matin Luther King, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM kalin.latif@epa.gov NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2285 EP 2307 DI 10.1002/hyp.6063 PG 23 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 063RZ UT WOS:000239038600003 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Baret, F Privette, JL Myneni, RB Nickeson, JE Garrigues, S Shabanov, NV Weiss, M Fernandes, RA Leblanc, SG Kalacska, M Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA Chubey, M Rivard, B Stenberg, P Rautiainen, M Voipio, P Manninen, T Pilant, AN Lewis, TE Iiames, JS Colombo, R Meroni, M Busetto, L Cohen, WB Turner, DP Warner, ED Petersen, GW Seufert, G Cook, R AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. Baret, Frederic Privette, Jeffrey L. Myneni, Ranga B. Nickeson, Jaime E. Garrigues, Sebastien Shabanov, Nikolay V. Weiss, Marie Fernandes, Richard A. Leblanc, Sylvain G. Kalacska, Margaret Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. Arturo Chubey, Michael Rivard, Benoit Stenberg, Pauline Rautiainen, Miina Voipio, Pekka Manninen, Terhikki Pilant, Andrew N. Lewis, Timothy E. Iiames, John S. Colombo, Roberto Meroni, Michele Busetto, Lorenzo Cohen, Warren B. Turner, David P. Warner, Eric D. Petersen, G. W. Seufert, Guenter Cook, Robert TI Validation of global moderate-resolution LAI products: A framework proposed within the CEOS Land Product Validation subgroup SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS); leaf area index (LAI); validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; LIGHT-INTERCEPTION EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; BOREAL FORESTS; ABSORBED PAR; SIMPLE RATIO; SURFACE; PARAMETERS AB Initiated in 1984, the Committee Earth Observing Satellites' Working Group on Calibration and Validation (CEOS WGCV) pursues activities to coordinate, standardize and advance calibration and validation of civilian satellites and their data. One subgroup of CEOS WGCV, Land Product Validation (LPV), was established in 2000 to define standard validation guidelines and protocols and to foster data and information exchange relevant to the validation of land products. Since then, a number of leaf area index (LAI) products have become available to the science community at both global and regional extents. Having multiple global LAI products and multiple, disparate validation activities related to these products presents the opportunity to realize efficiency through international collaboration. So the LPV subgroup established an international LAI intercomparison validation activity. This paper describes the main components of this international validation effort. The paper documents the current participants, their ground LAI measurements and scaling techniques, and the metadata and infrastructure established to share data. The paper concludes by describing plans for sharing both field data and high-resolution LAI products from each site. Many considerations of this global LAI intercomparison can apply to other products, and this paper presents a framework for such collaboration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INRA, CSE, F-84914 Avignon, France. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Incorp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Alberta, EOSL, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00191 Helsinki, Finland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, Lab Telerilevamento, I-20126 Milan, Italy. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeff.morisette@nasa.gov RI Rautiainen, Miina/A-4208-2009; Meroni, Michele/F-2363-2010; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Busetto, Lorenzo/M-1600-2014; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011; OI Rautiainen, Miina/0000-0002-6568-3258; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Busetto, Lorenzo/0000-0001-9634-6038; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997; Kalacska, Margaret/0000-0002-1676-481X; Weiss, Marie/0000-0002-2341-667X; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302 NR 73 TC 192 Z9 209 U1 7 U2 47 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1804 EP 1817 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872529 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061IJ UT WOS:000238864700013 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA AF Abdelrhman, Mohamed A. TI A Method to Incorporate Ecology into Residence Time of Chemicals in Embayments: Local Effect Time SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Local effect time; Residence time; Flushing time; Embayment AB Residence times are defined classically by the physical and chemical aspects of water bodies rather than by their ecological implications. Therefore, a more clear and direct connection between the residence times and ecological effects is necessary to relate these timescales quantitatively to ecology. The concept of local effect time (LET) is proposed in this paper as a timescale with spatial resolution that relates to ecological components and their spatial distribution within an embayment. The LET can predict the susceptibility of real-world ecological components to change from one condition to another. It can provide an efficient way to allow managers and agencies to evaluate the degree of stress or relief from current or projected changes in the loading of contaminants or nutrients. The steps for calculating LETs and defining their correlation with the existing ecological components in an embayment are presented along with illustrative applications to loading from riverine inflow and a wastewater treatment plant. The LET successfully identified the areas within the water body that could be prone to ecological changes due to perturbations in the loading rate of riverine water and its constituents. An example is given that shows how the LET method can be used to delineate the distribution and duration of high levels of coliform bacteria due to a pulsed effluent from the treatment plant. C1 [Abdelrhman, Mohamed A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov FU USEPA FX The author thanks the reviewers of this manuscript, including D. Campbell, W. Nelson, and G. Cicchetti (USEPA-Atlantic Ecology Division [AED]), and 2 anonymous reviewers for their technical reviews, insights, and constructive comments. Special thanks are due to W. Berry (USEPA-AED) for very valuable comments and suggestions and also K. Rahn (Computer Sciences Corporation) for technical and editorial comments on the manuscript. Although the research described here has been funded by the USEPA, it has not been subject to Agency-level review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mentioning trade names or commercial products endorse or recommend them. This manuscript is contribution AED-04-071 of USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020304 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WV UT WOS:000209712400005 PM 16869438 ER PT J AU Curran, MA AF Curran, Mary Ann TI Report on activity of task force 1 in the life cycle inventory programme: Data registry - Global life cycle inventory data resources SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE databases; global; LCA resources; LCA software; LCI data resources; life cycle inventory AB Goal, Scope and Background. Task Force 1 of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative prepared a report on the available Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases around the world. The group also aims to capture the global status of LCA through the report. Results. An update of a previous summary prepared in May 2002 (Norris and Notten 2002), the global LCI resources report identifies LCI databases including public and proprietary, or restricted-access, databases. It includes descriptions of activities that aim to develop publicly-available databases in Africa, the APEC region and Asia, Europe, and the Americas (Canada, USA and Latin America). Because of their close association with the distribution of LCI data, LCA software programs that contain inventory data are also included in this effort. The report also lists institutions or organisations that provide LCI data in a less formal way, as this is important to get a feel for the global spread of LCI data. Also with the aim of facilitating access to global LCI data resources, the report provides information on regional LCA networks and societies. The focus of the report is on LCI databases and LCI data providers. It therefore does not list general environmental or process data sources (i.e. data must be in the form of life cycle inventories), nor does it list institutions working solely with LCA methodology development. Discussion. The LCI data resources are surnmarised in the report in a series of tables. One table provides an overview of the global spread of LCI data resources, and essentially provides a top-level summary of the subsequent tables, whilst another lists LCA societies and networks. Other LCI databases are listed in the report in four tables, including national database projects, industry databases, other data sources, and LCA software. The appendix presents brief descriptive paragraphs of all the data sources and organisations mentioned in the report. Recommendation. The full report is available upon request from the Task Force via Mary Ann Curran; readers are asked to provide updated or additional information that will improve the accuracy of the report. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 11 IS 4 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1065/lca2006.06.255 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066VV UT WOS:000239259300010 ER PT J AU Bailar, JC Ballal, SG Boback, M Castleman, B Chee, HL Cherniack, M Christiani, D Cicolella, A De D'Pool, JF Egilman, D Frank, AL Garcia, MA Giannasi, F Greenberg, M Harrison, RJ Huff, J De Souza, EJ Joshi, TK Kamuzora, P Kazan-Allen, L Kern, DG Kromhout, H Kuswadji, S Ladou, J Lemen, RA Levenstein, C Luethje, B Mancini, F Meel, BL Mekonnen, Y Mendes, R Murie, D Myers, JE O'Neill, R Cisaro, E Paek, D Richter, E Robertson, H Rosskam, E Samuels, SW Soskolne, CL Stuckey, R Teitelbaum, DT Terracini, B Thebaud-Mony, A Vanhoorne, M Wang, XR Watterson, A Wedeen, R AF Bailar, John C., III Ballal, Seifeddin Gaafar Boback, Martin Castleman, Barry Chee, Heng Leng Cherniack, Martin Christiani, David Cicolella, Andre De D'Pool, Janice Fernandez Egilman, David Frank, Arthur L. Garcia S, Marco A. Giannasi, Fernanda Greenberg, Morris Harrison, Robert J. Huff, James De Souza, Eliezer Joao Joshi, Tushar Kant Kamuzora, Peter Kazan-Allen, Laurie Kern, David G. Kromhout, Hans Kuswadji, Sudjoko LaDou, Joseph Lemen, Richard A. Levenstein, Charles Luethje, Boy Mancini, Francesca Meel, Banwari Lal Mekonnen, Yalemtsehay Mendes, Rene Murie, Fiona Myers, Jonathan E. O'Neill, Rory Cisaro, Erhabor Paek, Domyung Richter, Elihu Robertson, Hugh Rosskam, Ellen Samuels, Sheldon W. Soskolne, Colin L. Stuckey, Rwth Teitelbaum, Daniel T. Terracini, Benedetto Thebaud-Mony, Annie Vanhoorne, Michel Wang, Xiaorong Watterson, Andrew Wedeen, Richard TI FIOH-sponsored newsletter misrepresents asbestos hazards in Zimbabwe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE FIOH; WHO; ILO; journal publication; ethics; industry; influence AB The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) has received support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Office (ILO) to publish the African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety. The African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety should not be a medium for industry propaganda, or the source of misinformation among the workers of Africa. Instead, FIOH should provide the same level of scientific information in Africa that it does in Finland and other developed countries. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. King Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. Natl Univ Singapore, Asia Res Inst, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, Hlth Risk Assessment Unit, Verneuil En Halatte, France. Univ Zulia, Inst Med Trabajo & Higiene Ind, Zulia, Venezuela. Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Occupat Med, San Jose, Costa Rica. Virtual Citizen Network Ban Asbestos Latin Amer, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Dept Hlth, London SE1 6TE, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Int Ctr Occupat Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Brazilian Asbestos Victims Assoc, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, New Delhi, India. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Dev Studies, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Int Ban Asbestos Secretariat, Stanmore, Middx, England. Univ Utrecht, Environm & Occupat Hlth Div, Utrecht, Netherlands. Yayasan IDKI Fdn Occupat Hlth, Tangarang, Indonesia. United States Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Social Res, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Wageningen Univ, Biol Farming Syst Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. Walter Sisulu Univ Sci & Technol, Mthatha, South Africa. Univ Addis Ababa, Aklilu Lemma Inst Pathobiol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Bldg Workers Int, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat & Environm Hlth Res Unit, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Int Federat Journalists, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Hazards Magazine, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Port Harcourt, Teaching Hosp, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Jerusalem, Israel. Trades Union Congress, London, England. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Monash Univ, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Turin, Ctr Canc Prevent, Turin, Italy. Univ Paris, Sci Grp Occupat Canc, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Stirling, Occupat & Environm Hlth Res Grp, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. W China Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Bailar, JC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Kromhout, Hans/A-9159-2008; Paek, Domyung/D-5747-2012 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077QD UT WOS:000240043900010 PM 16967833 ER PT J AU Vane, LM AF Vane, Leland M. TI A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes (vol 80, pg 603, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1328 EP 1328 DI 10.1002/jctb.1345 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 064ZQ UT WOS:000239129600035 ER PT J AU Massey, DM Newbold, SC Gentner, B AF Massey, D. Matthew Newbold, Stephen C. Gentner, Brad TI Valuing water quality changes using a bioeconomic model of a coastal recreational fishery SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioeconomic model; dissolved oxygen; recreation demand; recreational fishing; summer flounder; water quality ID DEMAND MODELS; SITE CHOICE; MEASUREMENT ERROR; BENEFITS; COST AB This paper develops and applies a structural bioeconomic model of a coastal recreational fishery. We combine a dynamic fish population model, a statistical model of angler catch rates, and a recreation demand model to estimate the value of water quality changes for the Atlantic Coast summer flounder fishery. The model predicts that improving water quality conditions in Maryland's coastal bays alone would have relatively small impacts on the fishery as a whole. However, water quality improvements throughout the range of the species could lead to substantial increases in fish abundance and associated benefits to recreational anglers from increased catch rates. We also estimate an alternative version of the catch function, with no direct measure of fish abundance included, and we compare results from this "reduced form" approach to results from our structural model. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Massey, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM massey.matt@epa.gov NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 482 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2006.02.001 PG 19 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ID UT WOS:000239222000008 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Webber, TD Dean, TR Betancourt, DA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Webber, T. D. Dean, T. R. Betancourt, D. A. TI Efficacy of UV irradiation on eight species of Bacillus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; germicidal; antimicrobial efficacy; HVAC; biocontaminant ID RADIATION; HUMIDITY AB Ultraviolet irradiation has commonly been used in the indoor environment to eliminate or control infectious diseases such as tuberculosis in medical care facilities. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system components such as duct-liners, cooling coils, drip-pans, interior insulation, and areas subjected to high levels of moisture can create an environment that is prone to biological contamination. Air supplied to indoor environments can carry biological contaminants that can expose numerous building occupants to pathogenic organisms. Possible terrorist activities could release biological agents into ambient air, or directly into a building environment, or HVAC system may expose multitudes of individuals to dangerous pathogens. The use of germicidal ultraviolet lamps (UVGI) in commercial and residential HVAC systems has increased. A method to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of UVGI irradiation was developed and tested on the surface of agar plates with eight varieties of Bacillus bacteria spores. Bacillus anthracis surrogates were used for their expected similar inactivation responses to UVGI irradiation. The percent kill and k value for each organism was calculated for various periods of exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1139/S05-041 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074QI UT WOS:000239826500006 ER PT J AU Li, CS Salas, W DeAngelo, B Rose, S AF Li, Changsheng Salas, William DeAngelo, Benjamin Rose, Steven TI Assessing alternatives for mitigating net greenhouse gas emissions and increasing yields from rice production in china over the next twenty years SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID METHANE EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; FIELDS; SENSITIVITY; OPTIONS; MODEL; ASIA AB Assessments of the efficacy of mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from paddy rice systems have typically been analyzed based on field studies. Extrapolation of the mitigation potential of alternative management practices from field studies to a national scale may be enhanced by spatially explicit process models, like the DeNitrification and DeComposition (DNDC) model. Our objective was to analyze the impacts of mitigation alternatives, management of water, fertilizer, and rice straw, on net GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes), yields, and water use. After constructing a GIS database of soil, climate, rice cropping area and systems, and management practices, we ran DNDC with 21-yr alternative management schemes for each of the approximately 2500 counties in China. Results indicate that, despite large-scale adoption of midseason drainage, there is still large potential for additional methane reductions from Chinese rice paddies of 20 to 60% over 2000-2020. However, changes in management for reducing CH4 emissions simultaneously affect soil carbon dynamics as well as N2O emissions and can thereby reorder the ranking of technical mitigation effectiveness. The order of net GHG emissions reduction effectiveness found here is upland rice > shallow flooding > ammonium sulfate > midseason drainage > off-season straw > slow-release fertilizer > continuous flooding. Most of the management alternatives produced yields comparable to the baseline; however, continuous flooding and upland rice significantly reduced yields. Water management strategies appear to be the most technically promising GHG mitigation alternatives, with shallow flooding providing additional benefits of both water conservation and increased yields. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Appl Geosolut LLC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Atmospher Program, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM changsheng.li@unh.edu NR 41 TC 79 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1554 EP 1565 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0208 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900063 PM 16825476 ER PT J AU Ito, K Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Neas, L Hopke, PK Thurston, GD AF Ito, Kazuhiko Christensen, William F. Eatough, Delbert J. Henry, Ronald C. Kim, Eugene Laden, Francine Lall, Ramona Larson, Timothy V. Neas, Lucas Hopke, Philip K. Thurston, George D. TI PM source apportionment and health effects: 2. An investigation of intermethod variability in associations between source-apportioned fine particle mass and daily mortality in Washington, DC SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; source apportionment; health effects; mortality ID PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION; AEROSOL AB Source apportionment may be useful in epidemiological investigation of PM health effects, but variations and options in these methods leave uncertainties. An EPA-sponsored workshop investigated source apportionment and health effects analyses by examining the associations between daily mortality and the investigators' estimated source-apportioned PM2.5 for Washington, DC for 1988-1997. A Poisson Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to estimate source-specific relative risks at lags 0-4 days for total non-accidental, cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory mortality adjusting for weather, seasonal/temporal trends, and day-of-week. Source-related effect estimates and their lagged association patterns were similar across investigators/methods. The varying lag structure of associations across source types, combined with the Wednesday/Saturday sampling frequency made it difficult to compare the source-specific effect sizes in a simple manner. The largest (and most significant) percent excess deaths per 5-95(th) percentile increment of apportioned PM2.5 for total mortality was for secondary sulfate (variance-weighted mean percent excess mortality = 6.7% (95% Cl: 1.7, 11.7)), but with a peculiar lag structure (lag 3 day). Primary coal-related PM2.5 (only three teams) was similarly significantly associated with total mortality with the same 3-day lag as sulfate. Risk estimates for traffic-related PM2.5, while significant in some cases, were more variable. Soil-related PM showed smaller effect size estimates, but they were more consistently positive at multiple lags. The cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory mortality associations were generally similar to those for total mortality. Alternative weather models generally gave similar patterns, but sometimes affected the lag structure (e.g., for sulfate). Overall, the variations in relative risks across investigators/methods were found to be much smaller than those across estimated source types or across lag days for these data. This consistency suggests the robustness of the source apportionment in health effects analyses, but remaining issues, including accuracy of source apportionment and source-specific sensitivity to weather models, need to be investigated. C1 Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NYU, Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Christensen, William/F-7216-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 27 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500464 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 068QN UT WOS:000239389600002 PM 16304602 ER PT J AU Mar, TF Ito, K Koenig, JQ Larson, TV Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Neas, L Stolzel, M Paatero, P Hopke, PK Thurston, GD AF Mar, Therese F. Ito, Kazuhiko Koenig, Jane Q. Larson, Timothy V. Eatough, Delbert J. Henry, Ronald C. Kim, Eugene Laden, Francine Lall, Ramona Neas, Lucas Stolzel, Matthias Paatero, Pentti Hopke, Philip K. Thurston, George D. TI PM source apportionment and health effects. 3. Investigation of inter-method variations in associations between estimated source contributions Of PM2.5 and daily mortality in Phoenix, AZ SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; source apportionment; health effects; mortality ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FINE PARTICLES AB As part of an EPA-sponsored workshop to investigate the use of source apportionment in health effects analyses, the associations between the participant's estimated source contributions Of PM2.5 for Phoenix, AZ for the period from 1995-1997 and cardiovascular and total nonaccidental mortality were analyzed using Poisson generalized linear models (GLM). The base model controlled for extreme temperatures, relative humidity, day of week, and time trends using natural spline smoothers. The same mortality model was applied to all of the apportionment results to provide a consistent comparison across source components and investigators/methods. Of the apportioned anthropogenic PM2.5 source categories, secondary sulfate, traffic, and copper smelter-derived particles were most consistently associated with cardiovascular mortality. The sources with the largest cardiovascular mortality effect size were secondary sulfate (median estimate = 16.0% per 5th-to-95th percentile increment at lag 0 day among eight investigators/methods) and traffic (median estimate 13.2% per 5th-to-95th percentile increment at lag I day among nine investigators/methods). For total mortality, the associations were weaker. Sea salt was also found to be associated with both total and cardiovascular mortality, but at 5 days lag. Fine particle soil and biomass burning factors were not associated with increased risks. Variations in the maximum effect lag varied by source category suggesting that past analyses considering only single lags of PM2.5 may have underestimated health impact contributions at different lags. Further research is needed on the possibility that different PM2.5 source components may have different effect lag structure. There was considerable consistency in the health effects results across source apportionments in their effect estimates and their lag structures. Variations in results across investigators/methods were small compared to the variations across source categories. These results indicate reproducibility of source apportionment results across investigative groups and support applicability of these methods to effects studies. However, future research will also need to investigate a number of other important issues including accuracy of results. C1 Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, GSF Focus Network Aerosols & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 14 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500465 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 068QN UT WOS:000239389600003 PM 16288316 ER PT J AU Baldauf, R Fortune, C Weinstein, J Wheeler, M Blanchard, F AF Baldauf, Richard Fortune, Christopher Weinstein, Jason Wheeler, Michael Blanchard, Fred TI Air contaminant exposures during the operation of lawn and garden equipment SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lawn and garden equipment; exposure assessment; carbon monoxide; particulate matter; air taxies; non-road mobile sources ID EXHAUST; EMISSIONS; VEHICLES AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated the Small Engine Exposure Study (SEES) to evaluate potential exposures among users of small, gasoline-powered, non-road spark-ignition (SI) lawn and garden engines. Equipment tested included riding tractors, walk-behind lawn mowers, string trimmers, and chainsaws. Personal and background air quality measurements were collected on equipment operators for carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and aldehydes. PM2.5 measurements included continuous and integrated mass, elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), and trace metals. Aldehyde measurements included speciation for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The results demonstrated that equipment operators can experience elevated exposures to CO, PM2.5 and air toxics while operating these engines. Ten-second average CO personal exposures spanned over two orders of magnitude, with short-term concentrations exceeding 120 p.p.m. for some engine applications tested. PM2.5 concentrations averaged over each engine test period also spanned two orders of magnitude. The results also suggest that health standards, such as the CO and PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), may be exceeded for certain equipment types under certain operating scenarios. Aldehyde measurements suggested exposures from primary engine emissions that exceed typical ambient concentrations, but do not exceed occupational health standards. Continuous exposure measurements illustrated the important role of the operator's activity and environmental conditions in affecting exposure levels. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mobile Source Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mobile Source Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Baldauf.richard@epa.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500471 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 068QN UT WOS:000239389600008 PM 16519412 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Graham, GJ Damodaran, A Hu, TF Lira, SA Sasse, M Canasto-Chibuque, C Cook, DN Ransohoff, RM AF Liu, LP Graham, GJ Damodaran, A Hu, TF Lira, SA Sasse, M Canasto-Chibuque, C Cook, DN Ransohoff, RM TI Cutting edge: The silent chemokine receptor D6 is required for generating T cell responses that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY CC CHEMOKINES; DECOY; MICE AB D6, a promiscuous nonsignaling chemokine binding molecule expressed on the lymphatic endothelium, internalizes and degrades CC chemokines, and D6(-/-) mice demonstrated increased cutaneous inflammation following topical phorbol ester or CFA injection. We report that D6(-/-) mice were unexpectedly resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis due to impaired encephalitogenic responses. Following induction with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG) piptide 35-55 in CFA, D6(-/-) mice showed reduced spinal cord inflammation and demyelination with lower incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis attacks as compared with De(+/+) littermates. In adoptive transfer studies, MOG-primed De(+/-) T cells equally mediated disease in D6(+/+) or D6(-/-) mice, whereas cells from D6(-/-) mice transferred disease Poorly to D6(+/-) recipients. Lymph node cells from MOG-primed D6(-/-) mice showed weak proliferative responses and made reduced IFN-gamma but normal IL-5. CD11c(+) dendritic cells accumulated abnormally in cutaneous immunization sites of D6(-)/(-) mice. Surprisingly, D6, a "silent" chemokine receptor, supports immune response generation. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Neuroinflammat Res Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Glasgow, Div Immunol Infect & Inflammat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Immunobiol Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ransohoff, RM (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Neuroinflammat Res Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Lerner Res Inst, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM ransohr@ccf.org RI Graham, Gerard/D-1240-2009 FU NINDS NIH HHS [3R01 NS 32151] NR 13 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 055ST UT WOS:000238471400004 PM 16785491 ER PT J AU Hickman, D King-Herbert, A Murphy, SJ AF Hickman, Debra King-Herbert, Angela Murphy, Stephanie J. TI The Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group: A multifaceted tool for preparation for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine board examination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Preparation for the specialty board examination for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM) is an intensive process that is facilitated by geographic regions where many people studying for the exam are located in close proximity. However, many people work at institutions that are distant from these 'study centers.' Approximately 10 y ago, the Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group (LABSG) online journal club was established to provide a forum for journal review for examination preparation. Over the years, the mission of this group has expanded to include practice examinations and practicals, questions from common resources, and summaries and questions from common laboratory animal science journals. These study aids are beneficial for those preparing for the ACLAM certification examination. They are also beneficial for those preparing for the technician and manager certification examinations offered by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS). This article is intended to be an introduction to the variety of study aids available through the LABSG online journal review club and the LABSG web page (www.labsg.org). It also provides details on the demographics of participants and an exploration of how this resource enhances examination preparation. C1 Portland VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Hickman, D (reprint author), Portland VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. EM Debra.Hickman@med.va.gov RI Hickman, Debra/D-3289-2009 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 068DL UT WOS:000239352300007 PM 16884177 ER PT J AU Lash, LH Putt, DA Parker, JC AF Lash, LH Putt, DA Parker, JC TI Metabolism and tissue distribution of orally administered trichloroethylene in male and female rats: Identification of glutathione- and cytochrome P-450-derived metabolites in liver, kidney, blood, and urine SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE BETA-LYASE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; MERCAPTURIC ACIDS; B6C3F1 MICE; DICHLOROACETATE; TOXICITY; HUMANS AB Male and female Fischer 344 rats were administered trichloroethylene (TRI) (2, 5, or 15 mmol/ kg body weight) in corn oil by oral gavage, and TRI and its metabolites were measured at times up to 48 h in liver, kidneys, blood, and urine. Studies tested the hypothesis that gender-dependent differences in distribution and metabolism of TRI could help explain differences in toxicity. Higher levels of TRI were generally observed in tissues of males at lower doses. Complex patterns of TRI concentration, sometimes with multiple peaks, were observed in liver, kidneys, and blood of both males and females, consistent with enterohepatic recirculation. Higher concentrations of cytochrome P-450 (P450)-derived metabolites were observed in livers of males than in females, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in kidneys. Trichloroacetate was the primary P450-derived metabolite in blood and urine, although it generally appeared at later times than chloral hydrate. Trichloroethanol was also a significant metabolite in urine. S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl) glutathione (DCVG) was recovered in liver and kidneys of female rats only and in blood of both males and females, with generally higher amounts found in females. S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), the penultimate nephrotoxic metabolite, was recovered in male and female liver, female kidneys, male blood, and in urine of both males and females. The relationship between gender-dependent differences in distribution and metabolism of TRI and susceptibility to TRI-induced toxicity is discussed. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lash, LH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM l.h.lash@wayne.edu OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES008828, R01-ES08828] NR 52 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 13 BP 1285 EP 1309 DI 10.1080/15287390500360133 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 051XA UT WOS:000238193800006 PM 16754541 ER PT J AU Berry, J Hart, WE Phillips, CA Uber, JG Watson, JP AF Berry, J Hart, WE Phillips, CA Uber, JG Watson, JP TI Sensor placement in municipal water networks with temporal integer programming models SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; STATIONS AB We present a mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for sensor placement optimization in municipal water distribution systems that includes the temporal characteristics of contamination events and their impacts. Typical network water quality simulations track contaminant concentration and movement over time, computing contaminant concentration time series for each junction. Given this information, we can compute the impact of a contamination event over time and determine affected locations. This process quantifies the benefits of sensing contamination at different junctions in the network. Ours is the first MIP model to base sensor placement decisions on such data, compromising over many individual contamination events. The MIP formulation is mathematically equivalent to the well-known p-median facility location problem. We can exploit this structure to solve the MIP exactly or to approximately solve the problem with provable quality for large-scale problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Discrete Algorithms & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Berry, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Discrete Algorithms & Math, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jberry@sandia.gov; wehart@sandia.gov; caphill@sandia.gov; uber.jim@epa.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 20 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(218) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100003 ER PT J AU Murray, R Uber, J Janke, R AF Murray, Regan Uber, James Janke, Robert TI Model for estimating acute health impacts from consumption of contaminated drinking water SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC AB Disease transmission models predict the spread of disease over time through susceptible, infected, and recovered populations, and are commonly used to design public health intervention strategies. A modified disease model is linked to flow and transport models for water distribution systems in order to predict the health risks associated with use of contaminated water. The proposed framework provides information about the spatial and temporal distribution of health risks in distribution systems and is useful for understanding the vulnerability of drinking water systems to contamination events, as well as for designing public health and water utility strategies to reduce risks. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Murray, R (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 163, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM murray.regan@epa.gov; jim.uber@uc.edu; janke.robert@epa.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132.4(293) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100011 ER PT J AU Janke, R Murray, R Uber, J Taxon, T AF Janke, R Murray, R Uber, J Taxon, T TI Comparison of physical sampling and real-time monitoring strategies for designing a contamination warning system in a drinking water distribution system SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Protecting the water systems of the United States from terrorist attacks has become a federal and local priority. Routine sampling and analysis has been proposed as a potential monitoring approach that could be used to provide early detection of contamination events in drinking water systems. Using the threat ensemble vulnerability assessment computational framework, an evaluation of the benefits of three routine sampling programs is compared to a real-time monitoring program. The results are illustrated by tradeoff curves that demonstrate the benefits provided by a sensor network given an intentional biological or chemical attack. Further, the results show that response time is critical and physical sampling-based monitoring with sample collection frequencies of 24 h or longer are much less effective than real-time monitoring. C1 US EPA, Natl HOmeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Janke, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl HOmeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 163, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM janke.robert@epamail.epa.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 7 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(310) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100014 ER PT J AU Vance, C Iovanna, R AF Vance, C Iovanna, R TI Analyzing spatial hierarchies in remotely sensed data: Insights from a multilevel model of tropical deforestation SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE tropical deforestation; agricultural households; multilevel models; satellite data; Mexico ID LAND-USE CHANGE; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FRONTIER; MEXICO AB This paper advances an empirical model assessing how changing economic and ecological conditions at different spatial scales affect land conversion decisions. We apply a multilevel econometric model to explore the implications for parameter estimates and their standard errors of ignoring hierarchical groupings in the data. The paper draws on a panel of agricultural-household data collected from a survey of Mexican farmers. A comparison of results obtained from a standard single level model reveals several stark distinctions in the estimated effects, some of which have immediate relevance for conservation policy. We conclude that the multilevel specification is warranted for alleviating issues associated with error structures inherent to spatial data. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Transport Res, German Aerosp Ctr, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Vance, C (reprint author), Inst Transport Res, German Aerosp Ctr, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM colin.vance@dlr.de; iovanna.rich@epa.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.02.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057VP UT WOS:000238623600002 ER PT J AU Meyer, DA Shafer, TJ AF Meyer, Douglas A. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Permethrin, but not deltamethrin, increases spontaneous glutamate release from hippocampal neurons in culture SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; synaptic transmission; hippocampus; electrophysiology; deltamethrin; permethrin; ion channels ID RESISTANT SODIUM-CHANNELS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE ALLETHRIN; SENSITIVE CALCIUM-CHANNELS; GATED CHLORIDE CHANNELS; RAT-BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; ION CHANNELS; DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY; NOREPINEPHRINE RELEASE; STEREOSPECIFIC BINDING AB Pyrethroid insecticide modulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) is proposed to underlie their effects on neuronal excitability. However, some in vitro evidence indicates that target sites other than VGSCs could contribute to pyrethroid disruption of neuronal activity. VGSC-independent, pyrethroid-induced changes in neurotransmitter release were examined to investigate the possibility that target sites other than VGSCs contribute to pyrethroid effects. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings, deltamethrin and permethrin effects on glutamate-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) from pyramidal neurons in mixed hippocampal cultures were examined. In the presence of the VGSC antagonist tetrodotoxin, the type I pyrethroid permethrin (10 mu M) increased the average frequency of mEPSCs from a basal level of 1.0 +/- 0.4 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 Hz, with peak frequency of 9.9 +/- 1.5 Hz (n = 6). Permethrin did not affect the distribution of current amplitudes, indicating that permethrin increased the probability of glutamate release at the presynaptic terminal without effects on postsynaptic responses. Removal of calcium from the extracellular solution following the induction of the permethrin-mediated effect decreased mEPSC frequency (6.8 +/- 1.8 Hz, n = 3) to near control levels (1.9 +/- 0.8 Hz for control versus 2.5 +/- 0.6 Hz for permethrin minus Ca2+, respectively). However, the N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist omega-conotoxin MVIIC had no effect on the permethrin-dependent increase in mEPSC frequency. In contrast to permethrin, the type 11 pyrethroid deltamethrin (10 mu M) failed to affect mEPSC frequency. These results indicate that permethrin causes a calcium-dependent increase in glutamate release from hippocampal neurons that is independent of effects on voltage-gated sodium or N- or P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels. The data indicate that permethrin increases mEPSC frequency via an alteration in intracellular calcium dynamics at the presynaptic terminal. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 BP 594 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.016 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 061RG UT WOS:000238889500017 PM 16678264 ER PT J AU Ritters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG AF Ritters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG TI Evaluating ecoregions for sampling and mapping land-cover patterns SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; SATELLITE DATA; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-PATTERN; ACCURACY AB Ecoregional stratification has been proposed for sampling and mapping land-cover composition and pattern over time. Using a wall-to-wall land-cover map of the United States, we evaluated geographic scales of variance for nine landscape-level and eight forest pattern indices, and compared stratification by ecoregions, administrative units, and watersheds. Ecoregions accounted for 65 percent to 75 percent of the total variance of percent agriculture and percent forest because dominant land-cover is included in ecoregional definitions. In contrast, ecoregions explained only 13 percent to 34 percent of the variance of the other seven landscape-level pattern indices. After accounting for differences in amount of forest, ecoregions explained less than 5 percent of the variance of the eight forest pattern indices. None of the stratifications tested would be effective mapping units for land-cover pattern because within-unit variance of land-cover pattern is typically two to four times larger than between-unit variance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ritters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us; wickham.james@epa.gov; wade.timothy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 058ZZ UT WOS:000238704400008 ER PT J AU Lubin, JH Wang, ZY Wang, LD Boice, JD Cui, HX Zhang, SR Conrath, S Xia, Y Shang, B Cao, JS Kleinerman, RA AF Lubin, JH Wang, ZY Wang, LD Boice, JD Cui, HX Zhang, SR Conrath, S Xia, Y Shang, B Cao, JS Kleinerman, RA TI Comments on "Adjusting lung cancer risks for temporal and spatial variations in radon concentrations in dwellings in Gansu Province, China" by Lubin et al. (Radiat. Res. 163, 571-579, 2005) - Response SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID RESIDENTIAL RADON; EXPOSURE C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Minist Hlth, Lab Ind Hyg, Beijing, Peoples R China. Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lubin, JH (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. EM lubinj@mail.nih.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 166 IS 1 BP 121 EP 121 DI 10.1667/RR3566a.1 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 057XA UT WOS:000238627300016 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS James, AC AF Puskin, JS James, AC TI Radon exposure assessment and dosimetry applied to epidemiology and risk estimation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; INDOOR RADON; URANIUM-MINE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; DAUGHTER EXPOSURE; DECAY PRODUCTS; COHORT; WORKERS; GLASS; PARTICLES AB Epidemiological studies of underground miners provide the primary basis for radon risk estimates for indoor exposures as well as mine exposures. A major source of uncertainty in these risk estimates is the uncertainty in radon progeny exposure estimates for the miners. Often the exposure information is very incomplete, and exposure estimation must rely on interpolations, extrapolations and reconstruction of mining conditions decades before, which might differ markedly from those in more recent times. Many of the measurements that were carried out-commonly for health protection purposes-are not likely to be representative of actual exposures. Early monitoring was often of radon gas rather than of the progeny, so that quantifying exposure requires an estimate of the equilibrium fraction under the conditions existing at the time of the reported measurement. In addition to the uncertainty in radon progeny exposure, doses from gamma radiation, inhaled radioactive dust, and thoron progeny have historically been neglected. These may induce a systematic bias in risk estimates and add to the overall uncertainty in risk estimates derived from the miner studies. Unlike other radiogenic cancer risk estimates, numerical risk estimates derived for radon from epidemiology are usually expressed as a risk per unit exposure rather than as a risk per unit dose to a target tissue. Nevertheless, dosimetric considerations are important when trying to compare risks under different exposure conditions, e.g. in mines and homes. A recent comparative assessment of exposure conditions indicates that, for equal radon progeny exposures, the dose in homes is about the same as in mines. Thus, neglecting other possible differences, such as the presence in mines of other potential airborne carcinogens, the risk per unit progeny exposure should be about the same for indoor exposures as observed in miners. Results of case-control studies of lung cancer incidence in homes monitored for radon are reasonably consistent with what would be projected from miner studies. Measurements of exposure in these indoor case-control studies rely on different types of detectors than those used in mines, and the estimates of exposure are again a major source of uncertainty in these studies. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Washington State Univ, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM puskin.jerome@epa.gov RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012; WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 166 IS 1 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1667/RR3308.1 PN 2 PG 16 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 057XC UT WOS:000238627500007 PM 16808608 ER PT J AU Rispin, A Stitzel, K Harbell, J Klausner, M AF Rispin, Amy Stitzel, Katherine Harbell, John Klausner, Mitchell TI Ensuring quality of in vitro alternative test methods: Current practice SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicology; in vitro; alternative; methods; quality; assurance; control; testing kits; dermal; ocular AB In Vitro toxicology methods are being validated and adopted by regulatory agencies for use as alternatives to animal testing. Such methods may use ex vivo tissues or bioconstructs. some of which may be proprietary. Users of the data from these methods need to be reassured that the assays or assay components used in their studies provide consistent. good quality data over time. matching the standards achieved during the validation process. This paper presents an overview of approaches currently used by representatives of a manufacturer and a contract testing laboratory to ensure that the results from in vitro alternative methods are reproducible and of high quality over time. These approaches include full characterization of cells or tissues. sampling of each lot of manufactured bioconstructs for performance, and regular use of controls and benchmark chemicals to provide assurance of consistency of assay performance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Inst In Vitro Sci Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. MatTek Corp, Ashland, MA USA. RP Rispin, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, 7506C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM amy.rispin@epa.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.03.005 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 062PM UT WOS:000238957000001 PM 16644076 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT O'Brien, SR Vredenburgh, J Folz, RJ MacIntyre, NR AF Huang, YCT O'Brien, SR Vredenburgh, J Folz, RJ MacIntyre, NR TI Intrabreath analysis of carbon monoxide uptake during exercise in patients at risk for lung injury SO RESPIRATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE capillary blood flow; acetylene; diffusing capacity; exercise; methane ID PULMONARY DIFFUSING-CAPACITY; AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW; CAPILLARY BLOOD-FLOW; SINGLE EXHALATION; ALVEOLAR VOLUME; BREAST-CANCER; REST; CHEMOTHERAPY; CO AB The single exhalation analysis of carbon monoxide, acetylene, and methane allows the determination of intrabreath (regional) DL, pulmonary capillary blood flow and ventilation inhomogeneities during rest and exercise. We reasoned that this technique might be more sensitive in detecting regional pulmonary capillary abnormalities than resting single breath DL (DLsb). We selected a group of breast cancer patients in high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) protocols who were at risk for pulmonary injury. We grouped the patients into pre-HDCT and post-HDCT, and used resting DLsb to further categorize the tatter into those with and without pulmonary injury. We found that exercise DL increases were blunted in post-HDCT patients with low resting DLsb. More importantly, even in post-HDCT patients with normal resting DLsb, exercise DL response was reduced in the slowest emptying lung units along with evidence for ventilation inhomogeneities (increased methane slope). We conclude that exercise assessments of DL at low lung volumes and gas mixing properties may be sensitive indicators of lung injury. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), US EPA, Human Study Facilities, CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0954-6111 J9 RESP MED JI Respir. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 BP 1226 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.10.018 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System GA 058BP UT WOS:000238639500012 PM 16314083 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Hageman, PL Jegadeesan, G Madhavan, N Allen, D AF Al-Abed, SR Hageman, PL Jegadeesan, G Madhavan, N Allen, D TI Comparative evaluation of short-term leach tests for heavy metal release from mineral processing waste SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE leaching; TCLP; pH; mineral processing waste; metals ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; SORPTION; IRON; MECHANISMS; SEDIMENTS; TAILINGS; MODEL; SIZE; TCLP; PH AB Evaluation of metal leaching using a single leach test such as the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is often questionable. The pH, redox potential (Eh), particle size and contact time are critical variables in controlling metal stability, not accounted for in the TCLP. This paper compares the leaching behavior of metals in mineral processing waste via short-term extraction tests such as TCLP, Field Leach Test (FLT) used by USGS and deionized water extraction tests. Variation in the extracted amounts was attributed to the use of different particle sizes, extraction fluid and contact time. In the controlled pH experiments, maximum metal extraction was obtained at acidic pH for cationic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb and Zn, while desorption of Se from the waste resulted in high extract concentrations in the alkaline region. Precipitation of iron, caused by a pH increase, probably resulted in co-precipitation and immobilization of Cu, Ph and Zn in the alkaline pH region. A sequential extraction procedure was performed on the original waste and the solid residue from the Eh-pH experiments to determine the chemical speciation and distribution of the heavy metals. In the as-received waste, Cu existed predominantly in water soluble or sulfidic phases, with no binding to carbonates or iron oxides. Similar characteristics were observed for Ph and Zn, while Se existed mostly associated with iron oxides or sulfides. Adsorption/co-precipitation of Cu, Se and Ph on precipitated iron hydroxides was observed in the experimental solid residues, resulting in metal immobilization above pH 7. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. GE India Technol Ctr Pvt Ltd, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 364 IS 1-3 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056KQ UT WOS:000238522100002 PM 16336991 ER PT J AU Heindel, JJ AF Heindel, JJ TI Role of exposure to environmental chemicals in the developmental basis of reproductive disease and dysfunction SO SEMINARS IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE development; environmental exposures; reproduction; transgenerational effects; epigenetics ID BISPHENOL-A ALTERS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DNA METHYLATION; FETAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE MOUSE; MALE-RAT; MICE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL AB There is a paradigm shift in science at present that indicates that the onset of many diseases, including reproductive diseases and dysfunctions, are already programmed in utero or in the early postnatal period. This new field is called the developmental basis of health and disease. Although focus has been on the role of in utero nutrition and its effects on subsequent adult-onset diseases, it is clear that exposure to environmental stressors/toxicants in utero or during early development can also increase susceptibility to disease later in life. The mechanism for this in utero and early developmental effect is thought to be altered epigenetic control of gene expression, which alters developmental programming and results in a tissue that may appear normal but is functionally compromised. Although this concept is still a hypothesis, this review addresses the current state of data relating to proving its importance and role in reproductive diseases. If the developmental basis of disease is shown to be true, then examination of the etiology of disease and prevention and intervention strategies will need to be modified to fit the new paradigm. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Cellular Organs & Syst Pathobiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Heindel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Cellular Organs & Syst Pathobiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 79 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 4401,3rd Floor,Mail Drop, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM heindelj@niehs.nih.gov NR 65 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1526-8004 J9 SEMIN REPROD MED JI Semin. Reprod. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1055/s-2006-944423 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 059JU UT WOS:000238729900006 PM 16804815 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Johnson, MG Lee, EH Wise, C Waschmann, R Olszyk, DM Watrud, LS Donegan, KK AF Tingey, David T. Johnson, Mark G. Lee, E. Henry Wise, Claudia Waschmann, Ronald Olszyk, David M. Watrud, Lidia S. Donegan, Kelly K. TI Effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 on soil respiration under ponderosa pine SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; elevated CO2; O-3; ponderosa pine; cultural bacteria; culturable fungi; nematodes; microarthropods; fine roots ID ATMOSPHERIC-CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROOT RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MODEL ECOSYSTEM; FOREST SOILS; FINE ROOTS; IN-SITU; TEMPERATURE; OZONE; RESPONSES AB Soil respiration represents the integrated response of plant roots and soil organisms to environmental conditions and the availability of C in the soil. A multi-year study was conducted in outdoor sun-lit controlled-environment chambers containing a reconstructed ponderosa pine/soil-litter system. The study used a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of CO2 and two levels of O-3 and three replicates of each treatment. The objectives of our study were to assess the effects of long-term exposure to elevated CO2 and O-3, singly and in combination, on soil respiration, fine root growth and soil organisms. Fine root growth and soil organisms were included in the study as indicators of the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration. The study evaluated three hypotheses: (1) elevated CO2 will increase C assimilation and allocation belowground increasing soil respiration; (2) elevated O-3 will decrease C assimilation and allocation belowground decreasing soil respiration and (3) as elevated CO2 and O-3 have opposing effects on C assimilation and allocation, elevated CO2 will eliminate or reduce the negative effects of elevated O-3 on soil respiration. A mixed-model covariance analysis was used to remove the influences of soil temperature, soil moisture and days from planting when testing for the effects of CO2 and O-3 on soil respiration. The covariance analysis showed that elevated CO2 significantly reduced the soil respiration while elevated O-3 had no significant effect. Despite the lack of a direct CO2 stimulation of soil respiration, there were significant interactions between CO2 and soil temperature, soil moisture and days from planting indicating that elevated CO2 altered soil respiration indirectly. In elevated CO2, soil respiration was more sensitive to soil temperature changes and less sensitive to soil moisture changes than in ambient CO2. Soil respiration increased more with days from planting in elevated than in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 had no effect on fine root biomass but increased abundance of culturable bacteria and fungi suggesting that these increases were associated with increased C allocation belowground. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on microarthropod and nematode abundance. Elevated O-3 had no significant effects on any parameter except it reduced the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov NR 58 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1764 EP 1778 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.003 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 076GX UT WOS:000239946100027 ER PT J AU Thomas, K Aguar, P Kawasaki, H Morris, J Nakanishi, J Savage, N AF Thomas, K Aguar, P Kawasaki, H Morris, J Nakanishi, J Savage, N TI Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part VIII: International efforts to develop risk-based safety evaluations for nanomaterials SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE nanotechnology; nanomaterial risk evaluation; nanoscale material risk assessment ID ENGINEERED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY TOXICITY; ULTRAFINE NICKEL; CYTOTOXICITY; FULLERENE; RESPONSES; RATS AB The use of nanotechnology in consumer and industrial applications will likely have a profound impact on a number of products from a variety of industrial sectors. Nanomaterials exhibit unique physical/chemical properties and impart enhancements to engineered materials, including better magnetic properties, improved electrical activity, and increased optical properties. The United States, Europe, and Japan have each initiated comprehensive programs to promote and expand the utility of nanotechnology for commercial applications. An important component of these programs is the development of reliable risk and safety evaluations for these materials to ensure their safety for human health and the environment. The scope of each of these programs includes efforts to assess the hazards posed by nanomaterials in realistic exposure conditions. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. European Commiss, Nanosci & Technol Directorate Gen Res, Brussels, Belgium. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Chem Risk Management, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thomas, K (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM kthomas@ilsi.org NR 25 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj211 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400003 PM 16687392 ER PT J AU Kissling, GE Bernheim, NJ Hawkins, WE Wolfe, MJ Jokinen, MP Smith, CS Herbert, RA Boorman, GA AF Kissling, GE Bernheim, NJ Hawkins, WE Wolfe, MJ Jokinen, MP Smith, CS Herbert, RA Boorman, GA TI The utility of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) in evaluation of chemicals for carcinogenicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bioassays; small fish models; medaka; guppy; rodent carcinogens; nitromethane; propanediol; trichloropropane ID WATER MUTAGEN 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; AQUARIUM FISH MODELS; JAPANESE MEDAKA; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICITY; MUTATIONS; LIVER; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE AB There has been considerable interest in the use of small fish models for detecting potential environmental carcinogens. In this study, both guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed in the aquaria water to three known rodent carcinogens for up to 16 months. Nitromethane, which caused mammary gland tumors by inhalation exposure in female rats, harderian gland and lung tumors in male and female mice, and liver tumors in female mice by inhalation, failed to increase tumors in either guppies or medaka. Propanediol, which when given in the feed was a multisite carcinogen in both sexes of rats and mice, caused increased liver tumors in male guppies and male medaka. There was reduced survival in female guppies and no increased tumors in female medaka. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, which when administered by oral gavage was a multisite carcinogen in both sexes of rats and mice, caused an increased incidence of tumors in the liver of both male and female guppies and medaka and in the gallbladder of male and female medaka. The results of this study demonstrate that for these three chemicals, under these specific exposure conditions, the fish appear less sensitive and have a narrower spectrum of tissues affected than rodents. These results suggest that fish models are of limited utility in screening unknown chemicals for potential carcinogenicity. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Med & Dis Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Herndon, VA 20172 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Kissling, GE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Med & Dis Program, MD A3-03,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kissling@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01 ES 35371, N01-ES-35371] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj181 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400016 PM 16581948 ER EF