FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Brugnach, M Pahl-Wostl, C Lindenschmidt, KE Janssen, JAEB Filatova, T Mouton, A Holtz, G van der Keur, P Gaber, N AF Brugnach, M. Pahl-Wostl, C. Lindenschmidt, K. E. Janssen, J. A. E. B. Filatova, T. Mouton, A. Holtz, G. van der Keur, P. Gaber, N. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY: RETHINKING THE MODELLING ACTIVITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; ACTORS C1 [Brugnach, M.; Pahl-Wostl, C.; Holtz, G.] Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Syst Res, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Lindenschmidt, K. E.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Sekt 5 4, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Janssen, J. A. E. B.; Filatova, T.] Univ Twente, Fac Engn Technol, Civil Engn Dept Water Engn & Management, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Mouton, A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Environm Biol & Appl Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [van der Keur, P.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Dept Hydrol, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Gaber, N.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brugnach, M (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Syst Res, Barbarastr 12, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300005 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Mahmoud, M Hartmann, H Stewart, S Wagener, T Semmens, D Stewart, R Gupta, H Dominguez, D Hulse, D Letcher, R Rashleigh, B Smith, C Street, R Ticehurst, J Twery, M van Delden, H White, D AF Liu, Y. Mahmoud, M. Hartmann, H. Stewart, S. Wagener, T. Semmens, D. Stewart, R. Gupta, H. Dominguez, D. Hulse, D. Letcher, R. Rashleigh, B. Smith, C. Street, R. Ticehurst, J. Twery, M. van Delden, H. White, D. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI FORMAL SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; METHODOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; RIVER; LAND; TOOL C1 [Liu, Y.] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mahmoud, M.; Stewart, S.; Gupta, H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hartmann, H.] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wagener, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Semmens, D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stewart, R.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dominguez, D.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Dominguez, D.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hulse, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Ticehurst, J.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rashleigh, B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Street, R.] UKCIP OUCE, Ocford OX1 3QY, England. [Twery, M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn Program, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [van Delden, H.] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [White, D.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 145 EP 162 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300010 ER PT J AU Daigneault, AJ Sohngen, B Sedjo, R AF Daigneault, Adam J. Sohngen, Brent Sedjo, Roger TI Exchange rates and the competitiveness of the United States timber sector in a global economy SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE timber supply; timber markets; welfare; competitive advantage; industrial roundwood production ID LUMBER TRADE; EXPORTS AB This article examines the competitiveness of the US timber industry under different exchange rate policies using a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets. Recent exchange rate adjustments by economies that compete with the United States in the timber sector suggest that it is important to consider how future trends in exchange rates may affect roundwood producers in the US that are already facing competitive pressures from abroad due to differences in capital and labor costs, environmental restrictions, and other factors. We assume that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests and simulate the model for baseline conditions and six additional real exchange rate policies. Two policies consider a strengthening United States dollar (US $) scenario, two policies examine weak South American currencies, and two scenarios assume a persistently weak US $. The results indicate that US competitiveness in the forestry sector is sensitive both to strong US $ policies and to the weak currency policies pursued by South American governments, as well as a weak dollar policy that is intended to improve the United States' competitiveness in the global timber market and reduce the large trade gap and account deficit. A 20% increase in value of the US $ compared to all other currencies can reduce harvests by 4-7% in the United States over the next 50 years, while a similar reduction in currency values in South America can reduce U.S. production less than 1%. A 20% devaluation of the US $ can increase annual domestic timber harvests by 2-3% and net present value of producer surplus by 3-10%. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Daigneault, Adam J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sohngen, Brent] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Daigneault, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Daigneault.Adam@epa.gov; Sohngen.l@osu.edu; Sedjo@rff.org NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2007.07.001 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 261OR UT WOS:000253090000003 ER PT J AU Bonini, MG Stadler, K Chatterjee, S Dallas, S Santos, JH Mason, RP AF Bonini, Marcelo G. Stadler, Krisztian Chatterjee, Saurabh Dallas, Shannon Santos, Janine H. Mason, Ronald P. TI Mnsod (SOD2) Peroxidase Activity, a Novel Mitochondrial Redox Sensor, Linking Oxidative Stress and Energetic Metabolism SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 19-23, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 [Bonini, Marcelo G.; Stadler, Krisztian; Chatterjee, Saurabh; Dallas, Shannon; Mason, Ronald P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Santos, Janine H.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2008 VL 45 SU 1 BP S14 EP S15 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 371YF UT WOS:000260867900027 ER PT J AU Miyakawa, H Mason, RP Jiang, JJ Kadiiska, MB AF Miyakawa, Hisako Mason, Ronald P. Jiang, Jin-Jie Kadiiska, Maria B. TI Lipid-Derived Free Radical Production in Superantigen-Induced Interstitial Pneumonia SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 19-23, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 [Miyakawa, Hisako; Mason, Ronald P.; Jiang, Jin-Jie; Kadiiska, Maria B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2008 VL 45 SU 1 BP S47 EP S48 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 371YF UT WOS:000260867900130 ER PT J AU Grigorovich, IA Angradi, TR Emery, EB Wooten, MS AF Grigorovich, Igor A. Angradi, Ted R. Emery, Erich B. Wooten, Matthew S. TI Invasion of the Upper Mississippi River system by saltwater amphipods SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphipod; Apocorophium lacustre; Echinogammarus ischnus; Gammarus tigrinus; Invasive species; Ohio River; Upper Mississippi River ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; NATIVE GAMMARUS-FASCIATUS; FRESH-WATER INVASIONS; ECHINOGAMMARUS-ISCHNUS; GREAT-LAKES; OHIO RIVER; PREDATION; HABITAT; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES AB Zoobenthic surveys of the large rivers of the Upper Mississippi River basin (Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers) in 2004-2006 revealed new invasions by euryhaline amphipods. The gammarid amphipods Echinogammarus ischnus and Gammarus tigrinus were discovered in the Ohio Upper Mississippi Rivers in 2004. The corophiid amphipod Apocorophium lacustre was first found in the Ohio River in 1996, and first detected in the Upper Mississippi River in 2005. None of these invaders was collected in the Missouri River. The presence of breeding adults of all three species suggests they are permanently established on the Ohio and Upper Mississippi. The range and occurence of all three species increased in the basin from 2004 through 2006. The contribution of the three invaders to total amphipod catch in the Upper Mississippi River increased from <1 % in 2004, to 5.4 % in 2005, and 15.2% in 2006, and in the Ohio River increased from 4.8% in 2004, to > 23 % in 2005 and 2006. The establishment of nonindigenous amphipods will likely contribute to alterations of food webs and native faunal diversity in the invaded rivers. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Grigorovich, Igor A.] Wilson Environm Labs Inc, Duluth, MN USA. [Emery, Erich B.] Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Wooten, Matthew S.] No Kentucky Sanitat Dist 1, Ft Wright, KY USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2008/0173-0067 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 386KW UT WOS:000261883100007 ER PT S AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. BE Tundo, P Esposito, V TI 'Greener' organic syntheses under non-traditional conditions using microwave and ultrasound irradiation and mechanochemical mixing SO GREEN CHEMICAL REACTIONS SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Organic Chemistry Reactions and Methodologies for Green Production CY OCT 29-NOV 10, 2006 CL Lecce, ITALY SP NATO DE green chemistry; organic synthesis; solvent-free reactions; microwave irradiation; ultrasonic irradiation; mechanochemical mixing; aqueous media ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS; BETA-KETO SULFONES; IONIC LIQUIDS; IODOBENZENE DIACETATE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; ALKYL AZIDES; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES AB Solvent-free mechanochemical methods that involve the use of hypervalent iodine reagents at room temperature are described for the synthesis of heterocyclic entities and conversion of ketones into (beta-keto sulfones in high yields. A solvent-free approach that involves microwave (MW) exposure of neat reactants (undiluted) catalyzed by the surfaces of less-expensive and recyclable mineral supports such as alumina, silica, clay, or 'doped' surfaces is presented; it is applicable to a wide range of cleavage, condensation, cyclization, rearrangement, oxidation, and reduction reactions, including rapid one-pot assembly of heterocyclic compounds from in situ generated reactive intermediates. The strategy is adaptable to multicomponent reactions, e.g. Ugi and Biginelli reactions, for rapid assembly of a library of compounds. Synthesis of a wide variety of significant precursors and intermediates, namely enones, imines, enamines, nitroalkenes, and oxidized sulfur species, is possible and their value in concise MW synthesis of 2-aroylbenzofurans and thiazole derivatives is illustrated. Ultrasound and MW-assisted solventless preparation of ionic liquids and their application in alkylation and metal-catalyzed multi-component reactions is described. Efficient reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide (CO2) provides ready access to cyclic carbonates using only a catalytic amount of recyclable indium-based ionic liquid. MW heating in aqueous reaction media enables expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines to afford a series of heterocyclic ring systems, such as N-azacycloalkanes, 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, and pyrazolidines. A general and expeditious MW-enhanced nucleophilic substitution approach uses easily accessible starting materials, such as halides or tosylates, in reaction with alkali azides, thiocyanates, or sulfinates in the absence of any phase transfer catalyst to produce azides, thiocyanates, and sulfones, respectively, wherein a variety of reactive functional groups are tolerated. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8456-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8457-7_7 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BHV67 UT WOS:000256865800007 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles at room temperature using coffee and tea extract SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GOLD; NANORODS; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; BULK; OIL; AG AB An extremely simple green approach that generates bulk quantities of nanocrystals of noble metals such as silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) using coffee and tea extract at room temperature is described. The single-pot method uses no surfactant, capping agent, and/or template. The obtained nanoparticles are in the size range of 20-60 nm and crystallized in face centered cubic symmetry. The method is general and may be extended to other noble metals such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Services, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 27 TC 230 Z9 231 U1 12 U2 108 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1039/b804703k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 331UN UT WOS:000258038200007 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Chemical activation by mechanochemical mixing, microwave and ultrasonic irradiation SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; BETA-KETO SULFONES; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; EXPEDITIOUS SYNTHESIS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; REACTION MEDIA; GREEN; CHEMISTRY; CATALYST C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1129 EP 1130 DI 10.1039/b817559b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 365LS UT WOS:000260408700001 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, Malcolm S. TI Calculation of elapsed decimal time for tracing studies SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID JULIAN PERIOD; ORIGIN AB Calculation of time of travel from tracing studies in hydrologic systems is critical to establishing pollutant arrival times from points of inflow to points outflow, calculating subsurface flow velocities, and determining other important transport parameters such as longitudinal dispersion. In addition, breakthrough curve modeling demands accurate time of travel calculations if model results are to have any realistic meaning. However, accurate time of travel calculations are very difficult for long tracer tests in which sampling schedules are not consistent, or when there are major disruptions such as may occur when adverse weather conditions cause automatic sampling equipment to fail. Long and inconsistent sampling times may be accurately converted to decimal times of travel by converting the conventionally recorded Coordinated Universal Time for sampling date and time event to a baseline time standard. By converting to a baseline time standard, all recorded dates and times are linked to the established baseline standard so that each succeeding sampling date and time are correctly determined relative to the previous sampling date and time and to the injection date and time. C1 [Field, Malcolm S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00400.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 244IX UT WOS:000251860700019 PM 18181874 ER PT J AU Li, HL Boufadel, MC Weaver, JW AF Li, Hailong Boufadel, Michel C. Weaver, James W. TI Quantifying Bank Storage of Variably Saturated Aquifers SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; STREAM-STAGE; STEADY-STATE; FLOW; SIMULATION AB Numerical simulations were conducted to quantify bank storage in a variably saturated, homogenous, and anisotropic aquifer abutting a stream during rising stream stage. Seepage faces and bank slopes ranging from 1/3 to 100/3 were simulated. The initial conditions were assumed steady-state flow with water draining toward the stream. Then, the stream level rose at a constant rate to the specified elevation of the water table given by the landward boundary condition and stayed there until the system reached a new steady state. This represents a highly simplified version of a real world hydrograph. For the specific examples considered, the following conclusions can be made. The volume of surface water entering the bank increased with the rate of stream level rise, became negligible when the rate of rise was slow, and approached a positive constant when the rate was large. Also, the volume decreased with the dimensionless parameter M (the product of the anisotropy ratio and the square of the domain's aspect ratio). When M was large (> 10), bank storage was small because most pore space was initially saturated with ground water due to the presence of a significant seepage face. When M was small, the seepage face became insignificant and capillarity began to play a role. The weaker the capillary effect, the easier for surface water to enter the bank. The effect of the capillary forces on the volume of surface water entering the bank was significant and could not be neglected. C1 [Li, Hailong; Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Weaver, James W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Li, Hailong] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Li, Hailong] China Univ Geosci, MOE & Biogeol & Environm Geol Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM hailong@temple.edu; boufadel@temple.edu; weaver.jim@epamail.epa.gov RI Li, Hailong/H-8484-2013 OI Li, Hailong/0000-0002-2894-0817 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture [PENR-003-01280]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40672167] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U. S. Department of Agriculture under Grant PENR-003-01280. This research is also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40672167). However, no official endorsement from any funding source should be inferred. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were helpful in revising the article. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00475.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 364LB UT WOS:000260336100012 PM 18657116 ER PT B AU Daniels, JJ Vendl, M Ehsani, MR Allred, BJ AF Daniels, Jeffrey J. Vendl, Mark Ehsani, M. Reza Allred, Barry J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Electromagnetic Induction Methods SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza; Allred, Barry J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Vendl, Mark] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Daniels, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 109 EP 128 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600006 ER PT J AU Paul, JF McDonald, ME Hedtke, SF AF Paul, John F. McDonald, Michael E. Hedtke, Steven F. TI Stream condition and infant mortality in US mid-atlantic states SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE stream condition; infant mortality; conditional probability; public health; ecological condition; statistical analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; DRINKING-WATER; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; NITRATES; QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; INDICATORS; CALIFORNIA; CHEMICALS AB Infant mortality rate (IMR) serves as a summary measure of the health of a nation's population. The U.S. IMR has declined over the past several decades (to 6.85 per 1000 in 2003), but remains high compared with other developed countries. We hypothesized a relationship between IMR and poor water quality at a local scale. We used degraded stream condition, represented by a multimetric index of biotic condition, as a metric for poor water quality. Using conditional probability analysis on county-aggregated data for the state of Maryland, we show that there is a significant association between the extent of a county's stream miles in poor ecological condition and the probability of a county's IMR exceeding the national norm. The overall relationship appears to be robust, as similar associations were also found for the states of West Virginia and Pennsylvania. We are not implying that IMR and degraded stream condition are directly causally related, but rather that there may be common factors that affect both of them. We hypothesize that attributes and activities at the county scale (e.g., socioeconomic conditions, land use, human activities) may contribute to both stream degradation and increased IMR. C1 [Paul, John F.; McDonald, Michael E.; Hedtke, Steven F.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Paul, JF (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, RTP,Mail Code B343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM paul.john@epa.gov NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 728 EP 741 DI 10.1080/10807030802235144 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331GR UT WOS:000258001200005 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Peterson, MJ Jones, DS Suter, GW AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Peterson, Mark J. Jones, Daniel S. Suter, Glenn W., II TI The Apache Longbow-Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Introduction and Problem Formulation for a Multiple Stressor Risk Assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE problem formulation; military; ecological risk assessment; Sonoran desert; mule deer; desert wash ID DESERT MULE DEER; ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT OVERFLIGHTS; ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; MILITARY MANEUVERS; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; MOJAVE DESERT; HABITAT USE; LANDSCAPES AB An ecological risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework (MERAF). The focus of the assessment was a testing program at the Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. The problem formulation for the assessment included conceptual models for three component activities of the test, helicopter overflight, missile firing, and tracked vehicle movement, and two ecological endpoint entities, woody desert wash communities and desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) populations. An activity-specific risk assessment framework was available to provide guidance for assessing risks associated with aircraft overflights. Key environmental features of the assessment area include barren desert pavement and tree-lined desert washes. The primary stressors associated with helicopter overflights were sound and the view of the aircraft. The primary stressor associated with Hellfire missile firing was sound. The principal stressor associated with tracked vehicle movement was soil disturbance, and a resulting, secondary stressor was hydrological change. Water loss to desert washes and wash vegetation was expected to result from increased ponding, infiltration, and/or evaporation associated with disturbances to desert pavement. A plan for estimating integrated risks from the three military activities was included in the problem formulation. C1 [Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Peterson, Mark J.; Jones, Daniel S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X FU U. S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This article has been authored by a contractor of the U. S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 854 EP 870 DI 10.1080/10807030802387457 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QC UT WOS:000261338000002 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Hargrove, WW Suter, GW AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Hargrove, William W. Suter, Glenn W., II TI The Apache Longbow-Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Ecological Risk Assessment for Helicopter Overflight SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; aircraft overflight; mule deer; noise; noise; contour; sound ID ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT OVERFLIGHTS; MULE DEER; ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; RESPONSES; CARIBOU AB A multi-stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus of the assessment was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. This article focuses on the wildlife risk assessment for the helicopter overflight. The primary stressors were sound and the view of the aircraft. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using Air Force sound contour programs NOISEMAP and MR NMAP, which gave very different results. Slant distance from helicopters to deer was also used as a measure of exposure that integrated risk from sound and view of the aircraft. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of behavioral thresholds in sound exposure level or maximum sound level units or slant distance. Available sound thresholds were limited for desert mule deer, but a distribution of slant-distance thresholds was available for ungulates. The risk characterization used a weight-of-evidence approach and concluded that risk to mule deer behavior from the Apache overflight is uncertain, but that no risk to mule deer abundance and reproduction is expected. C1 [Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Hargrove, William W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X FU U. S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This article has been authored by a contractor of the U. S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 871 EP 897 DI 10.1080/10807030802387481 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QC UT WOS:000261338000003 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Efroymson, RA Hargrove, WW Suter, GW Pater, LL AF Jones, Daniel S. Efroymson, Rebecca A. Hargrove, William W. Suter, Glenn W., II Pater, Larry L. TI The Apache Longbow-Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Ecological Risk Assessment for Missile Firing SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; impulsive sound; blast noise; missile; mule deer; Sonoran desert; military ID MILITARY AB A multiple stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. This article describes the ecological risk assessment for the missile launch and detonation. The primary stressor associated with this activity was sound. Other minor stressors included the detonation impact, shrapnel, and fire. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using the Army sound contour program BNOISE2, as well as distances from the explosion to deer. Few effects data were available from related studies. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of human "disturbance" and hearing damage thresholds in units of C-weighted decibels (sound exposure level) and a distance-based No-Observed-Adverse-Effects Level for moose and cannonfire. The risk characterization used a weight-of-evidence approach and concluded that risk to mule deer behavior from the missile firing was likely for a negligible number of deer, but that no risk to mule deer abundance and reproduction is expected. C1 [Jones, Daniel S.; Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Hargrove, William W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pater, Larry L.] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X FU U. S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [CS-1054]; A Risk Assessment Framework for Natural Resources on Military Training and Testing Lands; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle; LLC; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was funded by a contract from the U. S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project CS-1054, A Risk Assessment Framework for Natural Resources on Military Training and Testing Lands, to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Bob Holst and John Hall for serving as project sponsors and Winifred Hodge Rose and Keturah Reinbold of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for serving as Co-Principal Investigators. We also acknowledge the contributors of data, guidance, manuals, programming advice, text reviews, activity descriptions, and other assistance: Valerie Morrill, Chuck Botdorf, and Junior Kerns from YPG Environmental Sciences Division; Sergio Obregon, David McIntyre, and Bruce Goff from Jason & Associates, YPG Office; Rick Douglas and Bert Evans from YPG Aviation and Airdrop Systems; Dick Gebhart and Kim Majerus from CERL; Todd Kuiken, Paul Hanson, and Robert Washington-Allen from ORNL; and Catherine Stewart from the U. S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 898 EP 918 DI 10.1080/10807030802387507 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QC UT WOS:000261338000004 ER PT J AU Kahn, H Stralka, K AF Kahn, Henry D. Stralka, Kathleen TI Estimates of Water Ingestion for Women in Pregnant, Lactating, and Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Child-Bearing Age Groups Based on USDA's 1994-96, 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE water ingestion; risk assessment; pregnant and lactating women; CSFII data AB Women in the child-bearing age of 15 to 44 years and, in particular, pregnant and lactating women in this age cohort are considered a sensitive subpopulation when assessing risk from ingestion of water because water borne contaminants may pose a risk not only to the mother but to the fetus or infant. This article presents estimates of daily average per capita water ingestion for women of child-bearing age and in three subgroups: pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant/non-lactating women. Estimates of means and upper percentiles of subgroup ingestion distributions were generated using participant responses and survey weights from the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 1994-96 and 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). The ingestion estimates are empirical and not based on an assumed parametric distribution of daily average amount of water ingestion. Water occurring naturally in foods or added by manufacturers to commercial products is not included in the estimates presented. These estimates of water ingestion by women of child-bearing age are compared to those attributed to Ershow and Cantor (1989) by Burmaster (1998). These estimates, based on data collected in 1978, were used by Burmaster to characterize the distribution of daily average per capita ingestion as lognormal. The lognormal estimates of total water ingestion are generally greater than the total water ingestion estimates based on the CSFII data. Possible explanations for the differences are discussed. C1 [Kahn, Henry D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Stralka, Kathleen] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Kahn, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MC 8623P, Washington, DC USA. EM kahn.henry@epa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1290 AR PII 906308146 DI 10.1080/10807030802494618 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378QD UT WOS:000261338100010 ER PT J AU Sint, T Donohue, JF Ghio, AJ AF Sint, Thaw Donohue, James F. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Ambient air pollution particles and the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; TERM EXPOSURE; TIME-SERIES; CITIES; LUNG; ASSOCIATION; SHANGHAI AB Investigation has repeatedly demonstrated an association between exposure to ambient air pollution particles and numerous indices of human morbidity and mortality. Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among those with an increased sensitivity to air pollution particles. Current and ex-smokers account for 80 to 85% of all those with COPD. The human breathing in an urban site with a significant level of particulate matter (PM) may be exposed to 720 mu g daily. A single cigarette introduces 15,000 to 40,000 mu g particle into the respiratory tract of the smoker. It is subsequently confounding why such a relatively small mass of airborne PM should have any biological effect in the patient with COPD, as these individuals are repeatedly exposed to particles (with a similar size and composition) at perhaps a thousandfold the mass of ambient PM. Regarding this increased sensitivity of COPD patients to air pollution particles, there are several possible explanations for this seeming contradiction, including correlations of PM levels with other components of air pollution, an accumulation of multiple independent risk factors in a patient, changes in individual activity patterns, disparities in dosimetry between healthy subjects and COPD patients, and some unique characteristic of an ambient air pollution PM. Regardless of the underlying mechanism for the increased sensitivity of COPD patients, exposures of these individuals to elevated levels of PM should be discouraged. To provide a greater awareness of PM levels, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency now includes levels of air pollution particles in an air quality index. C1 [Sint, Thaw; Donohue, James F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 43 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1080/08958370701758759 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286BW UT WOS:000254821400004 PM 18236218 ER PT J AU Ayres, JG Borm, P Cassee, FR Castranova, V Donaldson, K Ghio, A Harrison, RM Hider, R Kelly, F Kooter, IM Marano, F Maynard, RL Mudway, I Nel, A Sioutas, C Smith, S Baeza-Squiban, A Cho, A Duggan, S Froines, J AF Ayres, Jon G. Borm, Paul Cassee, Flemming R. Castranova, Vincent Donaldson, Ken Ghio, Andy Harrison, Roy M. Hider, Robert Kelly, Frank Kooter, Ingeborg M. Marano, Francelyne Maynard, Robert L. Mudway, Ian Nel, Andre Sioutas, Constantinos Smith, Steve Baeza-Squiban, Armelle Cho, Art Duggan, Sean Froines, John TI Evaluating the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles by measuring oxidative stress potential - A workshop report and consensus statement SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; COARSE AMBIENT PARTICLES; ENRICHMENT SYSTEM VACES; FREE-RADICAL ACTIVITY; SIMULTANEOUS IN-VIVO; AIR-POLLUTION AB Background: There is a strong need for laboratory in vitro test systems for the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles. The measurement of oxidative stress potential offers a promising way forward. Objectives: A workshop was convened involving leading workers from the field in order to review the available test methods and to generate a Consensus Statement. Discussions: Workshop participants summarised their own research activities as well as discussion the relative merits of different test methods. Conclusions: In vitro test methods have an important role to play in the screening of toxicity in airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles. In vitro cell challenges were preferable to in vitro acellular systems but both have a potential major role to play and offer large cost advantages relative to human or animal inhalation studies and animal in vivo installation experiments. There remains a need to compare tests one with another on standardised samples and also to establish a correlation with the results of population-based epidemiology. C1 [Harrison, Roy M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Ayres, Jon G.] Liberty Safe Work Res Ctr, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Cassee, Flemming R.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Castranova, Vincent] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. [Donaldson, Ken] Queens Med Res Inst, Ctr Inflammt Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ghio, Andy] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hider, Robert] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kooter, Ingeborg M.] Ctr Environm Hlth Res MGO, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Inhalat Toxicol, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Marano, Francelyne] Lab Cytophysiol & Toxicol Cellulaire, Paris, France. [Maynard, Robert L.] Ctr Radiat Chem & Environm Hazards, Chem Hazards & Poisons Div, Hlth Protect Agcy, Chilton Didcot, Oxon, England. [Mudway, Ian; Duggan, Sean] Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, London, England. [Nel, Andre; Cho, Art; Froines, John] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sioutas, Constantinos] Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Smith, Steve] Kings Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Baeza-Squiban, Armelle] Lab Cytophysiol & Toxicol Cellulaire, Paris, France. RP Harrison, RM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk RI Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Kelly, Frank/C-6125-2009; Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012 OI Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Kelly, Frank/0000-0003-2558-8392; NR 124 TC 201 Z9 203 U1 15 U2 83 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 75 EP 99 DI 10.1080/08958370701665517 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286BW UT WOS:000254821400011 PM 18236225 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Bogdanffy, MS Covington, TR Tan, C Jarabek, AM AF Teeguarden, Justin G. Bogdanffy, Matthew S. Covington, Tammie R. Tan, Cecilia Jarabek, Annie M. TI A PBPK model for evaluating the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms on comparative rat and human nasal tissue acetaldehyde dosimetry SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; MUCOSAL BLOOD-FLOW; INHALATION TOXICITY; VINYL-ACETATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN NOSE; METABOLISM; VAPOR AB Acetaldehyde is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis and normal oxidative metabolism of several industrially important compounds, including ethanol, ethyl acetate, and vinyl acetate. Chronic inhalation of acetaldehyde leads to degeneration of the olfactory and respiratory epithelium in rats at concentrations >50 ppm (90 day exposure) and respiratory and olfactory nasal tumors at concentrations >= 750 ppm, the lowest concentration tested in the 2-yr chronic bioassay. Differences in the anatomy and biochemistry of the rodent and human nose, including polymorphisms in human high-affinity acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), are important considerations for interspecies extrapolations in the risk assessment of acetaldehyde. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of rat and human nasal tissues was constructed for acetaldehyde to support a dosimetry-based risk assessment for acetaldehyde (Dorman et al., 2008). The rodent model was developed using published metabolic constants and calibrated using upper-respiratory-tract acetaldehyde extraction data. The human nasal model incorporates previously published tissue volumes, blood flows, and acetaldehyde metabolic constants. ALDH2 polymorphisms were represented in the human model as reduced rates of acetaldehyde metabolism. Steady-state dorsal olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde concentrations in the rat were predicted to be 409, 6287, and 12,634 mu M at noncytotoxic (50 ppm), and cytotoxic/tumorigenic exposure concentrations (750 and 1500 ppm), respectively. The human equivalent concentration (HEC) of the rat no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 50 ppm, based on steady-state acetaldehyde concentrations from continual exposures, was 67 ppm. Respiratory and olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde and H+ (pH) concentrations were largely linear functions of exposure in both species. The impact of presumed ALDH2 polymorphisms on human olfactory tissue concentrations was negligible; the high-affinity, low-capacity ALDH2 does not contribute significantly to acetaldehyde metabolism in the nasal tissues. The human equivalent acetaldehyde concentration for homozygous low activity was 66 ppm, 1.5% lower than for the homozygous full activity phenotype. The rat and human acetaldehyde PBPK models developed here can also be used as a bridge between acetaldehyde dose-response and mode-of-action data as well as between similar databases for other acetaldehyde-producing nasal toxicants. C1 [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bogdanffy, Matthew S.] Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. [Covington, Tammie R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Tan, Cecilia] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1080/08958370801903750 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 269IN UT WOS:000253642800002 PM 18302046 ER PT J AU Gilmour, MI Duvall, RM Devlin, RB Gordon, T AF Gilmour, M. Ian Duvall, Rachelle M. Devlin, Robert B. Gordon, Terry TI Comments on Gilmour et al., "Comparative Toxicity of Size-Fractionated Airborne Particulate Matter" - Reply SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian; Duvall, Rachelle M.; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gordon, Terry] NYU, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 459 EP 459 DI 10.1080/08958370801904469 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 269IN UT WOS:000253642800010 ER PT J AU Gottipolu, RR Landa, ER Schladweiler, MC Mcgee, JK Ledbetter, AD Richards, JH Wallenborn, GJ Kodavanti, UP AF Gottipolu, Reddy R. Landa, Edward R. Schladweiler, Mette C. McGee, John K. Ledbetter, Allen D. Richards, Judy H. Wallenborn, Grace J. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PULMONARY ZINC EXPOSURE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; MITOCHONDRIAL ACONITASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOLUBLE METALS; RAT STRAINS AB Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress. C1 [Schladweiler, Mette C.; McGee, John K.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Richards, Judy H.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gottipolu, Reddy R.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wallenborn, Grace J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD V143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 5 BP 473 EP 484 DI 10.1080/08958370701858427 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZS UT WOS:000254395300002 PM 18368618 ER PT J AU Gong, H Linn, WS Clark, KW Anderson, KR Sioutas, C Alexis, NE Cascio, WE Devlin, RB AF Gong, Henry, Jr. Linn, William S. Clark, Kenneth W. Anderson, Karen R. Sioutas, Constantinos Alexis, Neil E. Cascio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. TI Exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles in los angeles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; OXIDE PARTICLES; FINE PARTICLES; INDUCED SPUTUM; MAJOR HIGHWAY; INHALATION; MATTER; COARSE; ADULTS AB Adult volunteers (17 healthy, 14 asthmatic) were exposed in a controlled environmental chamber to concentrated ultrafine particles (UFP) collected in a Los Angeles suburb with substantial motor vehicle pollution. Exposures lasted 2 h with intermittent exercise. Inhaled particle counts (mean 145,000/cm3, range 39,000-312,000) were typically 7-8 times higher than ambient levels. Mass concentrations (mean 100 mu g/m(3), range 13-277) were not highly correlated with counts. Volunteers were evaluated for lung function, symptoms, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), Holter electrocardiography, and inflammatory markers in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Relative to control (filtered air) studies, UFP exposures were associated with a 0.5% mean fall in arterial O(2) saturation estimated by pulse oximetry (p < .01), a 2% mean fall in forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)) the morning after exposure (p < .05), and a transient slight decrease in low-frequency (sympathetic) power in Holter recordings during quiet rest (p < .05). Healthy and asthmatic subjects were not significantly different across most endpoints. Thus, this initial experimental study of human volunteers exposed to concentrated Los Angeles area ambient UFP showed some acute deleterious cardiopulmonary responses, which, although generally small and equivocal as in previous studies of larger sized concentrated ambient particles, might help to explain reported adverse health effects associated with urban particulate pollution. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Clark, Kenneth W.; Anderson, Karen R.] Los Amigos Res & Educ Inst, Downey, CA USA. [Sioutas, Constantinos] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Alexis, Neil E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Linn, WS (reprint author), Environm Hlth Serv, MSB 51,Rancho Los Amigos NRC,76001 E Imperial Hig, Downey, CA 90242 USA. EM linn@usc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES07048] NR 44 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 6 BP 533 EP 545 DI 10.1080/08958370801911340 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 293YE UT WOS:000255370500001 PM 18444007 ER PT J AU Yu, B Kodavanti, UP Takeuchi, M Witschi, H Pinkerton, KE AF Yu, Bei Kodavanti, Urmila P. Takeuchi, Minoru Witschi, Hanspeter Pinkerton, Kent E. TI Acute tobacco smoke-induced airways inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANIMAL-MODELS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CELL APOPTOSIS; GUINEA-PIG AB Common laboratory rats and mice fail to develop persistent, progressive pulmonary inflammation found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a result of tobacco smoke exposure. We hypothesized that spontaneously hypertensive rats would be more susceptible than normal Wistar Kyoto rats to acute tobacco smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation due to impaired apoptosis. Spontaneously hypertensive rats display systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, hypercoagulation, and immunosupression, similar to humans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed whole-body to tobacco smoke (total particulate concentration 75-85 mg/m(3)) or filtered air for 6 h/day for 2 or 15 days (3 days/wk). Tobacco smoke caused an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils at both time points in each strain. Significantly more neutrophils were noted in spontaneously hypertensive rats at 15 days compared to Wistar Kyoto rats. There was a trend of increase for macrophages in spontaneously hypertensive rats at both time points (significant at 2 days). TUNEL assay detected apoptotic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue sections. The number of apoptotic neutrophils in airway walls and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased at 2 days in both strains, but at 15 days the effect was much lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto rats. Tobacco smoke induces a greater inflammatory response associated with lower apoptotic neutrophils in the lungs of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar Kyoto rats. The spontaneously hypertensive rat may be a more relevant animal model of acute tobacco smoke-induced airway inflammation than other laboratory rats. C1 [Yu, Bei; Witschi, Hanspeter; Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Takeuchi, Minoru] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Div Biotechnol, Kyoto 603, Japan. RP Pinkerton, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kepinkerton@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05707, ES11634] NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1080/08958370701861538 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 304BX UT WOS:000256086100001 PM 18464051 ER PT J AU Duvall, RM Norris, GA Dailey, LA Burke, JM McGee, JK Gilmour, MI Gordon, T Devlin, RB AF Duvall, Rachelle M. Norris, Gary A. Dailey, Lisa A. Burke, Janet M. McGee, John K. Gilmour, M. Ian Gordon, Terry Devlin, Robert B. TI Source apportionment of particulate matter in the US and associations with lung inflammatory markers SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FINE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DAILY MORTALITY; RECEPTOR MODEL; ACID AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES AB Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM) samples were collected from six U.S. cities and chemically analyzed as part of the Multiple Air Pollutant Study. Particles were administered to cultured lung cells and the production of three different proinflammatory markers was measured to explore the association between the health effect markers and PM. Ultrafine, fine, and coarse PM samples were collected between December 2003 and May 2004 over a 4-wk period in each city. Filters were pooled for each city and the PM samples were extracted then analyzed for trace metals, ions, and elemental carbon. Particle extracts were applied to cultured human primary airway epithelial cells, and the secreted levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), heme oxygenase-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 were measured 1 and 24 h following exposure. Fine PM sources were quantified by the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The relationship between toxicological measures, PM sources, and individual species were evaluated using linear regression. Ultrafine and fine PM mass were associated with increases in IL-8 (r(2) = .80 for ultrafine and r(2) = .52 for fine). Sources of fine PM and their relative contributions varied across the sampling sites and a strong linear association was observed between IL-8 and secondary sulfate from coal combustion (r(2) = .79). Ultrafine vanadium, lead, copper, and sulfate were also associated with increases in IL-8. Increases in inflammatory markers were not observed for coarse PM mass and source markers. These findings suggest that certain PM size fractions and sources are associated with markers of lung injury or inflammation. C1 [Duvall, Rachelle M.; Norris, Gary A.; Burke, Janet M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dailey, Lisa A.; McGee, John K.; Gilmour, M. Ian; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY USA. RP Duvall, RM (reprint author), Mail Drop E205-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM duvall.rachelle@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES000260] NR 46 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 BP 671 EP 683 DI 10.1080/08958370801935117 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 304BX UT WOS:000256086100005 PM 18464055 ER PT J AU Wang, ZX Neuberg, D Su, L Kim, JY Chen, JC Christiani, DC AF Wang, Zhaoxi Neuberg, Donna Su, Li Kim, Jee Young Chen, Jiu-Chiuan Christiani, David C. TI Prospective Study of Metal Fume-Induced Responses of Global Gene Expression Profiling in Whole Blood SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MONICA-AUGSBURG; RAINBOW-TROUT; ASSOCIATION; MARKERS; EXPOSURE; PROJECT; MEN AB Metal particulate inhalation causes pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Our previous results showed that systemic responses to short-term occupational welding-fume exposure could be assessed by microarray analyses in whole-blood total RNA sampled before and after exposure. To expand our understanding of the duration of particulate-induced gene expression changes, we conducted a study using a similar population 1 yr after the original study and extended our observations in the postexposure period. We recruited 15 individuals with welding fume exposure and 7 nonexposed individuals. Thirteen of the 22 individuals (9 in exposed group and 4 in nonexposed group) had been monitored in the previous study. Whole-blood total RNA was analyzed at 3 time points, including baseline, immediately following exposure (approximately 5 h after baseline), and 24 h after baseline, using cDNA microarray technology. We replicated the patterns of Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with response to stimulus, cell death, phosphorus metabolism, localization, and regulation of biological processes significantly enriched with altered genes in the nonsmoking exposed group. Most of the identified genes had opposite expression changes between the exposure and postexposure periods in nonsmoking welders. In addition, we found dose-dependent patterns that were affected by smoking status. In conclusion, short-term occupational exposure to metal particulates causes systemic responses in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the acute particulate-induced effects on gene expression profiling were transient in nonsmoking welders, with most effects diminishing within 19 h following exposure. C1 [Wang, Zhaoxi; Su, Li; Christiani, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Neuberg, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kim, Jee Young] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Jiu-Chiuan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Christiani, David C.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Pulm & Crit Care Unit,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Wang, ZX (reprint author), 665 Huntington Ave,I-1404B, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mikewang@hsph.harvard.edu RI Chen, JC/I-2261-2016 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32 ES07069]; National Institutes of Health [ES009860, ES00002] FX This work was supported by grant T32 ES07069 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and by research grants ES009860 and ES00002 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 14 BP 1233 EP 1244 DI 10.1080/08958370802192874 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 387GH UT WOS:000261939200003 PM 18951227 ER PT S AU Lopez, RD Nash, MS Heggem, DT Ebert, DW AF Lopez, Ricardo D. Nash, Maliha S. Heggem, Daniel T. Ebert, Donald W. BE Jones, J TI Using landscape metrics as indicators of surface water nutrient parameters in the Ozark Mountains, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE ammonia; landscape metrics; Ozark Mountains; phosphorus; watershed ID FOREST; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS C1 [Lopez, Ricardo D.; Nash, Maliha S.; Heggem, Daniel T.; Ebert, Donald W.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Lopez, RD (reprint author), US EPA, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54074-7 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2008 VL 30 BP 349 EP 356 PN 3 PG 8 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BIC33 UT WOS:000258369900005 ER PT J AU Burns-Naas, LA Hastings, KL Ladics, GS Makris, SL Parker, GA Holsapple, MP AF Burns-Naas, Leigh Ann Hastings, Kenneth L. Ladics, Gregory S. Makris, Susan L. Parker, George A. Holsapple, Michael P. TI What's so special about the developing immune system? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE developmental immunotoxicology; DIT; immune development immune system; immune testing; immunopathology ID DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY ASSESSMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CRITICAL WINDOWS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; ASTHMA PREVENTION; CHILDRENS HEALTH; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; ADULT EXPOSURES AB The evolution of the subdiscipline of developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) as it exists today has been shaped by significant regulatory pressures as well as key scientific advances. This review considers the role played by legislation to protect children's health, and on the emergence of immunotoxcity and developmental immunotoxicity guidelines, as well as providing some context to the need for special attention on DIT by considering the evidence that the developing immune system may have unique susceptibilities when compared to the adult immune system. Understanding the full extent of this potential has been complicated by a paucity of data detailing the development of the immune system during critical life stages as well as by the complexities of comparisons across species. Notably, there are differences between humans and nonhuman species used in toxicity testing that include specific differences relative to the timing of the development of the immune system as well as more general anatomic differences, and these differences must be factored into the interpretation of DIT studies. Likewise, understanding how the timing of the immune development impacts on various immune parameters is critical to the design of DIT studies, parameters most extensively characterized to date in young adult animals. Other factors important to DIT, which are considered in this review, are the recognition that effects other than suppression (e. g., allergy and autoimmunity) are important; the need to improve our understanding of how to assess the potential for DIT in humans; and the role that pathology has played in DIT studies in test animals. The latter point receives special emphasis in this review because pathology evaluations have been a major component of standard nonclinical toxicology studies, and could serve an important role in studies to evaluate DIT. This possibility is very consistent with recommendations to incorporate a DIT evaluation into standard developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) protocols. The overall objective of this review is to provide a 'snapshot' of the current state-of-the-science of DIT. Despite significant progress, DIT is still evolving and it is our hope that this review will advance the science. C1 [Burns-Naas, Leigh Ann] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92064 USA. [Hastings, Kenneth L.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Ladics, Gregory S.] DuPont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE USA. [Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Parker, George A.] WIL Biotech Inc, Hillsborough, NC USA. [Holsapple, Michael P.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Burns-Naas, LA (reprint author), Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Res & Dev, 10777 Sci Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92064 USA. EM leighann.burns@pfizer.com NR 130 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 223 EP 254 DI 10.1080/10915810801978110 PG 32 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 316HO UT WOS:000256940400006 PM 18404545 ER PT S AU Darden, TA AF Darden, T. A. BA Shmueli, U BF Shmueli, U TI Extensions of the Ewald method for Coulomb interactions in crystals SO INTERNATIONAL TABLES FOR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, VOL. B: RECIPROCAL SPACE, THIRD EDITION SE International Tables for Crystallography Volume B LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MOMENT CORRECTION TERM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; EVALUATING POTENTIALS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; BIOMOLECULAR SIMULATIONS; INTERACTION ENERGIES C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Darden, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-8707 BN 978-1-4020-8205-4 J9 INT TABLES CRYSTALLO PY 2008 VL B SI 3 BP 458 EP 481 PG 24 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BKE98 UT WOS:000267932200016 ER PT J AU Babin, SM Burkom, HS Mnatsakanyan, ZR Ramac-Thomas, LC Thompson, MW Wojcik, RA Lewis, SH Yund, C AF Babin, Steven M. Burkom, Howard S. Mnatsakanyan, Zaruhi R. Ramac-Thomas, Liane C. Thompson, Michael W. Wojcik, Richard A. Lewis, Sheri Happel Yund, Cynthia TI Drinking Water Security and Public Health Disease Outbreak Surveillance SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strives to develop technologies and protocols to assist drinking water utilities in reducing the risks of potential terrorist attacks on our nation's infrastructure. Of particular interest are the development and feasibility testing of contamination warning systems that integrate existing public health surveillance and water quality measurements. In collaboration with the EPA, APL is developing a novel prototype warning system that employs sensor clustering and Bayesian Network analyses. These techniques address the challenges of synthesizing results from disparate data types with different data rates and complex environmental and operational responses into a warning system that can provide the user with a measure of the likelihood that data anomalies do or do not indicate a potential water-borne disease outbreak. These critical challenges and how this novel approach and its components address them will be described. C1 [Babin, Steven M.; Mnatsakanyan, Zaruhi R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Dis Surveillance Program, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Mnatsakanyan, Zaruhi R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Excellence Publ Hlth, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Thompson, Michael W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, NSTD, Acoust & Electromagnet Grp STX, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Yund, Cynthia] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Laurel, MD USA. RP Babin, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Dis Surveillance Program, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM steven.babin@jhuapl.edu OI burkom, howard/0000-0003-0667-9467 FU Office of Research and Development [EP-C-06-074] FX We thank Sean McKenna and David Hart at Sandia National Laboratories for sharing an early version of the CANARY Event Detection Software. The expert knowledge of personnel at the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Milwaukee Water Works, and the Milwaukee County, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County Health Departments is gratefully appreciated. We also express our appreciation to Charles Hodanics, Josh Suereth, Raj Ashar, Logan Hauenstein, Mohammed Hashemian, Wayne Loschen, and Larry Frank for their valuable assistance in this project. The EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein via Contract EP-C-06-074. This work has been subjected to the EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 556RL UT WOS:000274608800013 ER PT J AU Tiwary, A Reff, A Colls, JJ AF Tiwary, Abhishek Reff, Adam Colls, Jeremy J. TI Collection of ambient particulate matter by porous vegetation barriers: Sampling and characterization methods SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ambient particulate matter; functional groups; filtration efficiency; vegetative barriers; FTIR ID FUNCTIONAL-GROUP CHARACTERIZATION; LOS-ANGELES AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; PM2.5; CARBON; ORGANONITRATES; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; AMMONIUM AB Sampling and characterization methods for assessing the effect of vegetative barriers on particulate matter (PM10) concentrations and functional group composition were developed and applied in a case study. Ambient PM10 was concurrently sampled upwind and downwind of a hawthorn hedge at a rural location in the UK. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of PM10 samples were collected to characterize the functional group composition. Absorbances associated with sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, aliphatic carbon-hydrogen, and carbonyl functional groups were observed in the FTIR spectra. Calculations with gravimetric measurements show that the hedge collects PM10 mass with a collection efficiency of 34% on average. FTIR results suggest that individual functional groups might exhibit different behavior in the hedge, but further method development and sampling is necessary to calculate functional group results with more confidence. Current results show the potential of using hedges to mitigate ambient concentrations of airborne PM10, and applying these methods to a more statistically robust sample size is anticipated to aid in elucidating physico-chemical mechanisms driving collection of PM10 by hedge elements. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tiwary, Abhishek] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem & Analyt Sci, Environm Sustainable Technol Div, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Reff, Adam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Colls, Jeremy J.] Univ Nottingham, Agr & Environm Sci Div, Sch Biosci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Reff, A (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem & Analyt Sci, Environm Sustainable Technol Div, PO Box 88,Sackville St, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM reff.adam@epa.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.09.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264MJ UT WOS:000253291300005 ER PT J AU Brock, B Basha, R DiPalma, K Anderson, A Harry, GJ Rice, DC Maloney, B Lahiri, DK Zawia, NH AF Brock, Brian Basha, Riyaz DiPalma, Katie Anderson, Amy Harry, G. Jean Rice, Deborah C. Maloney, Bryan Lahiri, Debomoy K. Zawia, Nasser H. TI Co-localization and distribution of cerebral APP and SP1 and its relationship to amyloidogenesis SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE amyloid-beta; amyloidogenesis; amyloid-beta protein precursor; Brain; immunohistochemistry; monkey; SP1; transcription ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; INTRACELLULAR A-BETA; BOX-BINDING-PROTEINS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DNA-BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; BACE PROMOTER; REGION AB Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta peptide (A beta)-loaded plaques in the brain. A beta is a cleavage fragment of amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP) and over production of APP may lead to amyloidogenesis. The regulatory region of the APP gene contains consensus sites recognized by the transcription factor, specificity protein 1 (SP1), which has been shown to be required for the regulation of APP and A beta. To understand the role of SP1 in APP biogenesis, herein we have characterized the relative distribution and localization of SP1, APP, and A beta in various brain regions of rodent and primate models using immunohistochemistry. We observed that overall distribution and cellular localization of SP1, APP, and A beta are similar and neuronal in origin. Their distribution is abundant in various layers of neocortex, but restricted to the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, and the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus. These findings suggest that overproduction of A beta in vivo may be associated with transcriptional pathways involving SP1 and the APP gene. C1 [Brock, Brian; Basha, Riyaz; DiPalma, Katie; Anderson, Amy; Zawia, Nasser H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Neurotoxicol & Epigenom Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Harry, G. Jean] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Maloney, Bryan; Lahiri, Debomoy K.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Inst Psychiat Res,Lab Mol Neurogenet, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Rice, Deborah C.] Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Zawia, NH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Neurotoxicol & Epigenom Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM nzawia@uri.edu RI Maloney, Bryan/C-4924-2011 OI Maloney, Bryan/0000-0003-2364-9649 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR 016457]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 027246, AG R01 18379, AG R01 18884, R01 AG018379, R01 AG018884]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 013022] NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 278RG UT WOS:000254303400008 PM 18334759 ER PT J AU Conklin, SD Fricke, MW Creed, PA Creed, JT AF Conklin, Sean D. Fricke, Michael W. Creed, Patricia A. Creed, John T. TI Investigation of the pH effects on the formation of methylated thio-arsenicals, and the effects of pH and temperature on their stability SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; ICP-MS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; ARSINOTHIOYL-SUGARS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER SAMPLES; ACETIC-ACID; HUMAN URINE AB Thio-arsenicals have been discovered in both food and biological samples. During analysis, the potential exists for interconversion between the oxide and sulfide forms, raising questions regarding analytical factors which may influence the observed speciation. Within this context, the conversion of trimethylarsine oxide ( TMAO), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) to their respective sulfide forms, in the presence of sulfide (Na(2)S) was investigated with respect to pH. All three arsenic oxides produced very little conversion to the corresponding sulfide above pH 8 while conversion to the sulfide form was observed at every pH <= 7. Less than 10% of the initial TMAO remained at every pH below eight, with the sulfide form trimethylarsine sulfide ( TMAS) accounting for more than 90%. Likewise, the mono- and di-thiolated forms of DMA (dimethylthioarsinic acid ( DMTA) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTA) respectively) formed over the pH range 5-7, leaving less than 8% of the initial DMA in solution. In the pH range 5-7, MMA was converted to monomethylthioarsonic acid ( MMTA), with more than half of the MMA converted to an unidentified peak. This peak is thought to be monomethyldithioarsonic acid (MMDTA) but a positive identification was not possible due to lack of a synthetic standard. The primary species detected at pH 3 were the mono- thiolated forms MMTA and DMTA. Given the range of extraction and separation procedures ( specifically pH and temperatures) associated with speciation analysis, the stability of TMAS, DMTA and MMTA under such conditions is another area of concern. Room temperature sulfide to oxide conversion rates from 0.3% to 2.2% per week were observed in basic ( pH 10), neutral ( pH 7) and acidic ( pH 3) solutions, demonstrating very little pH-induced instability for all three thio-arsenicals. Elevated temperature accelerated the sulfide to oxide conversion rates to similar to 10% per week for all three thio-arsenicals, while refrigeration retarded it to < 0.4% per week. C1 [Conklin, Sean D.; Fricke, Michael W.; Creed, Patricia A.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epamail.epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 5 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1039/b713145c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 292JY UT WOS:000255263500008 ER PT J AU Nagourney, SJ Wilson, SA Buckley, B Kingston, HMS Yang, SY Long, SE AF Nagourney, Stuart J. Wilson, Stephen A. Buckley, Brian Kingston, H. M. Skip Yang, Shen-Yi Long, Stephen E. TI Development of a standard reference material for Cr(VI) in contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ORE PROCESSING RESIDUE AB Over the last several decades, considerable contamination by hexavalent chromium has resulted from the land disposal of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR). COPR contains a number of hexavalent chromium-bearing compounds that were produced in high temperature industrial processes. Concern over the carcinogenic potential of this chromium species, and its environmental mobility, has resulted in efforts to remediate these waste sites. To provide support to analytical measurements of hexavalent chromium, a candidate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material(R) ( SRM 2701), having a hexavalent chromium content of approximately 500 mg kg(-1), has been developed using material collected from a waste site in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. The collection, processing, preparation and preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the material are discussed. A two-phase multi-laboratory testing study was carried out to provide data on material homogeneity and to assess the stability of the material over the duration of the study. The study was designed to incorporate several United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) determinative methods for hexavalent chromium, including Method 6800 which is based on speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS), an approach which can account for chromium species inter-conversion during the extraction and measurement sequence. C1 [Long, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagourney, Stuart J.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, OQA, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buckley, Brian] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Rutgers, NJ USA. [Kingston, H. M. Skip] Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Arlington, VA 22222 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1550 EP 1554 DI 10.1039/b808488b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 364AX UT WOS:000260309700010 ER PT J AU Sochaski, MA Jarabek, AM Murphy, J Andersen, ME AF Sochaski, Mark A. Jarabek, Annie M. Murphy, John Andersen, Melvin E. TI 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine as biomarkers of respiratory tract exposure to chlorine gas SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; TYROSYL RESIDUES; MYELOPEROXIDASE; PROTEINS; DISEASE; MARKER; MICE C1 [Sochaski, Mark A.; Jarabek, Annie M.; Murphy, John; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sochaski, MA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM MSochaski@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900017 PM 18269801 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Luecken, D Yarwood, G Whitten, GZ Carter, WPL AF Sarwar, Golam Luecken, Deborah Yarwood, Greg Whitten, Gary Z. Carter, William P. L. TI Impact of an updated carbon bond mechanism on predictions from the CMAQ modeling system: Preliminary assessment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; URBAN AB An updated and expanded version of the Carbon Bond mechanism (CB05) has been incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to more accurately simulate wintertime, pristine, and high-altitude situations. The CB05 mechanism has nearly 2 times the number of reactions relative to the previous version of the Carbon Bond mechanism (CB-IV). While the expansions do provide more detailed treatment of urban areas, most of the new reactions involve biogenics, toxics, and species potentially important to particulate formation and acid deposition. Model simulations were performed using the CB05 and the CB-IV mechanisms for the winter and summer of 2001. For winter with the CB05 mechanism, ozone, aerosol nitrate, and aerosol sulfate concentrations were within 1% of the results obtained with the CB-IV mechanism. Organic carbon concentrations were within 2% of the results obtained with the CB-IV mechanism. However, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were lower by 25% and 32%, respectively, during winter with the CB05 mechanism. For the summer, ozone concentrations increased by 8% with the CB05 mechanism relative to the CB-IV mechanism. The aerosol sulfate, aerosol nitrate, and organic carbon concentrations with the CB05 mechanism decreased by 8%, 2%, and 10%, respectively. The formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations with the CB05 mechanism were lower by 12% and 47%, respectively, during summer. Model performance with the CB05 mechanism improved at high-altitude conditions and in rural areas for ozone. Model performance also improved for organic carbon with the CB05 mechanism. C1 [Sarwar, Golam; Luecken, Deborah] US EPA, Natl Explos Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yarwood, Greg] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. [Carter, William P. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Explos Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov NR 16 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1393.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500001 ER PT J AU Al-Saadi, J Soja, A Pierce, RB Szykman, J Wiedinmyer, C Emmons, L Kondragunta, S Zhang, XY Kittaka, C Schaack, T Bowman, K AF Al-Saadi, Jassim Soja, Amber Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James Wiedinmyer, Christine Emmons, Louisa Kondragunta, Shobha Zhang, Xiaoyang Kittaka, Chieko Schaack, Todd Bowman, Kevin TI Intercomparison of near-real-time biomass burning emissions estimates constrained by satellite fire data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; emission; wildfire; atmospheric composition ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTROMETER AB We compare biomass burning emissions estimates from four different techniques that use satellite based fire products to determine area burned over regional to global domains. Three of the techniques use active fire detections from polar-orbiting MODIS sensors and one uses detections and instantaneous fire size estimates from geostationary GOES sensors. Each technique uses a different approach for estimating trace gas and particulate emissions from active fires. Here we evaluate monthly area burned and CO emission estimates for most of 2006 over the contiguous United States domain common to all four techniques. Two techniques provide global estimates and these are also compared. Overall we find consistency in temporal evolution and spatial patterns but differences in these monthly estimates can be as large as a factor of 10. One set of emission estimates is evaluated by comparing model CO predictions with satellite observations over regions where biomass burning is significant. These emissions are consistent with observations over the US but have a high bias in three out of four regions of large tropical burning. The large-scale evaluations of the magnitudes and characteristics of the differences presented here are a necessary first step toward an ultimate goal of reducing the large uncertainties in biomass burning emission estimates, thereby enhancing environmental monitoring and prediction capabilities. C1 [Al-Saadi, Jassim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Soja, Amber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiedinmyer, Christine; Emmons, Louisa] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Schaack, Todd] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Al-Saadi, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021504 DI 10.1117/1.2948785 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200004 ER PT J AU Pouliot, G Pace, T Roy, B Pierce, T Mobley, D AF Pouliot, George Pace, Tom Roy, Biswadev Pierce, Thomas Mobley, David TI Development of a biomass burning emissions inventory by combining satellite and ground-based information SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Biomass Burning emission inventory; Satellite-based; Ground-based; wildfires AB A 2005 biomass burning (wildfire, prescribed, and agricultural) emission inventory has been developed for the contiguous United States using a newly developed simplified method of combining information from multiple sources for use in the US EPA's National Emission Inventory (NEI). Our method blends the temporal and spatial resolution of the remote sensing information with the ground based fire size estimate. This method is faster and considerably less expensive than the method used for the 2002 National Emissions Inventory and is more accurate than methods used for 2001 and prior years. In addition, the 2005 fire inventory is the first EPA inventory utilizing remote sensing information. A comparison with the 2002 inventory for wildfire, prescribed, and agricultural fires indicates a large year-to-year variability in wildfire emissions and less variation for prescribed and agricultural fires. Total PM2.5 emissions from wildfires, prescribed burning, and agricultural burning for the contiguous United States were estimated to be 109,000 short tons, 209,000 short tons, and 232,000 short tons, respectively, for 2005. Our total emission estimate for 2005 is 550,000 short tons. Our analysis shows that year-to-year spatial variability accounts for the substantial difference in the wildfire emission estimates. C1 [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pace, Tom] US EPA, Office & Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roy, Biswadev; Mobley, David] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pouliot, G (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pouliot.george@epa.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021501 DI 10.1117/1.2939551 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200001 ER PT J AU Boyd, G Dutrow, E Tunnessen, W AF Boyd, Gale Dutrow, Elizabeth Tunnessen, Walt TI The evolution of the ENERGY STAR (R) energy performance indicator for benchmarking industrial plant manufacturing energy use SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE energy savings; ENERGY STAR; energy efficient products; energy efficient production processes; energy performance indicator AB ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary government/industry partnership that offers information to businesses and consumers on energy-efficient solutions, making it easier to save money and protect the environment for future generations. Introduced in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this voluntary labeling program was designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products as basic pollution prevention opportunities. The ENERGY STAR label can now be found on appliances, office equipment, lighting, buildings, and more. In 2002, ENERGY STAR was extended beyond its role in identifying energy efficient products to identifying energy-efficient production. The ENERGY STAR industry program focuses on encouraging and enabling sustainable corporate energy management. One of the three information tools EPA developed under ENERGY STAR, which also includes energy management networking and industry specific energy guides, is the energy performance indicator (EPI). The EPI is a statistical benchmarking tool that provides a "birds-eye" view of sector-specific plant-level energy use via a functional relationship between the level of energy use and the level and type of various production activities, material input's quality, and external factors, e.g. climate and material quality. The EPI uses stochastic frontier regression to estimate the lowest observed plant energy use, given these factors. This statistical model also provides a distribution of energy efficiency across the industry, which allows the user to answer the hypothetical but very practical question, "How would my plant compare to everyone else in my industry, if all other plants were similar to mine?" The result is a tool that can be used by corporate and plant energy managers to estimate the energy efficiency of their portfolio of plants. This paper describes the role of the EPI within the context of the overall goals of ENERGY STAR and gives examples of how this information tool was developed and is being used. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyd, Gale] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Triangle Census Res Data Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dutrow, Elizabeth; Tunnessen, Walt] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boyd, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Triangle Census Res Data Ctr, Box 90097, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM gale.boyd@duke.edu NR 4 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.024 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261HT UT WOS:000253070400006 ER PT J AU Bare, JC Gloria, TP AF Bare, Jane C. Gloria, Thomas P. TI Environmental impact assessment taxonomy providing comprehensive coverage of midpoints, endpoints, damages, and areas of protection SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; meta-model; impact assessment; midpoint; damage AB Before conducting a comprehensive impact assessment, such as a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), there is a need to discuss the range of impacts which could and should be included. Up to this point of time, there has not been a comprehensive list of impacts for potential inclusion available. This research builds upon previous work which surveyed a large component of the comprehensive impact assessment field for cataloging and analysis in greater detail and then expanded it to include those midpoints, endpoints, and damages which could be covered in a more comprehensive impact assessment. In this paper, a seminal effort in the form of a meta-model is presented to facilitate an expanded discussion of the taxonomy of this field. Upon using existing models it was apparent the taxonomy needed to be structured to represent midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted levels as they relate to areas of protection for the impact assessment phase. Contrary to recent use in the LCIA field, a distinction will be made between an endpoint measure (which is more of a "count" of impacts) and a damage measure (which is a value-weighted aggregation of two or more endpoints). The authors present a representation of all four levels of impact assessment: midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted. This taxonomy was developed to include the existing impacts found in LCIA literature, and then expanded to be more comprehensive and include a larger set of impacts than are normally included within LCIA. The authors recognize this is the first of many steps necessary to capture all potential impacts that should be considered when conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment. The intent is to propose a taxonomy that would greatly facilitate the accumulation and communication of empirical and theoretical knowledge gained by offering a standard vocabulary and structure. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bare, Jane C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gloria, Thomas P.] Life Cycle Serv LLC, Newton, MA 02459 USA. RP Bare, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM bare.jane@epa.gov; tom@life-cycle.org NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1021 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.06.001 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 306KB UT WOS:000256245800001 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, Carl R., Jr. TI Changes to Dauphin Island, Alabama, brought about by Hurricane Katrina (August 29, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dauphin Island; Hurricane Katrina; overwash; beach erosion; channel cuts; island scour AB On the morning of August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina (a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale) made landfall in southeastern Louisiana. Although Dauphin Island, Alabama, is located approximately 180 km to the northeast of where Katrina made landfall, it experienced greater coastal damage than from recent Category 3 hurricanes re closer to the island (e.g., Frederic in 1979 and Ivan in 2004). This is because the island was within the most intense area of the hurricane as it approached land (i.e., the top-right quadrant). The gulf side of Dauphin Island was impacted by a storm surge of 1.94 m coupled with even higher storm waves. Pelican-Sand Island, to the south of the eastern portion of the island, absorbed much of the storm wave energy, resulting in a lessening of storm water damage to this segment of Dauphin Island. The elevated storm surge and diminished storm waves carried plant debris and sand tens of meters landward across this portion of Dauphin Island. Conversely, with no offshore protection, much of the low-lying western section of the island was completely overwashed. In addition, numerous channels were cut through this section of the island. The greatest change to Dauphin Island was the creation of a 2.0-km wide channel cut through a segment of the undeveloped western end of the island. Hurricane Katrina demonstrated once again the island's fragile nature and precarious setting in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4C SU S BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.2112/06-0782.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 328SP UT WOS:000257818400013 ER PT J AU Sedillo, JL Quintana, A Sousa, K Oshima, KH Smith, GB AF Sedillo, Jennifer L. Quintana, Ayshea Sousa, Kathryn Oshima, Kevin H. Smith, Geoffrey B. TI The development of point-of-use water filters as sampling devices in bioforensics: extent of microbial sorption and elution SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; BACTERIA; SYSTEMS; CATTLE AB The foundational idea for this project is that household faucet-mounted water filters may be used as bioforensic sampling devices to detect the extent of a potential bioagent release in domestic water supplies. An optimized eluent solution was determined experimentally by quantifying recoveries of microorganisms from point-of-use (POU) drinking water filters. The optimized extraction protocol was then used in mock bioagent release experiments to determine the feasibility of POU filters as bioforensic sampling devices. Bacillus atrophaeus spores, Escherichia coli and PP7 virus were exposed to filters and the number of attached organisms was determined by enumerating the unattached organisms on selective agar media. Subsequently, the filters were eluted and the percent of extracted organisms was determined based on the number of attached organisms. Two popular brands of carbon block filters retained 92%-99% of representative virus, spore and vegetative bacteria. In back-flush elutions of single filters, the most efficient eluent was identified as a combination of 1% peptone and 1% Tween-80, and extraction recovered 25.4% (+/- 17.5%) of attached E. coli, 20.4% (+/- 3.6%) of B. atrophaeus spores, and 9.4% (+/- 5.2%) of PP7 virions (+/- standard deviations). In bioagent release studies in which filters were challenged with 100 agents mL(-1), greater than 99% of the spores were retained by the filters, and the percent of attached spores that were recovered ranged from 10.4% at day 0 to 4.3% five days after the release event (averaged from five separate experiments). In contrast, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and PP7 virus were rapidly inactivated in the chlorinated tap water, indicating their improbable survival in chlorinated water supplies. It is therefore concluded that household water filters can be used as microbial sampling devices for bioforensic applications in the event of a bioagent release in domestic drinking water supplies. C1 [Quintana, Ayshea; Sousa, Kathryn; Smith, Geoffrey B.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sedillo, Jennifer L.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Microbiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Oshima, Kevin H.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Smith, GB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, MSC 300001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM gsmith@nmsu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 718 EP 723 DI 10.1039/b718064k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309HF UT WOS:000256450600025 PM 18528538 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Mathew, J Nguyen, N Lay, J Golod, G Vet, R Cotie, J Hertel, T Aaboe, E Callison, R Adam, J Keese, D Freise, J Hathcoat, A Sakizzie, B King, M Lee, C Oliva, S Miguel, GS Crow, L Geasland, F AF Sather, Mark E. Mathew, Johnson Nguyen, Nghia Lay, John Golod, George Vet, Robert Cotie, Joseph Hertel, Terry Aaboe, Erik Callison, Ryan Adam, Jacque Keese, Danielle Freise, Jeremy Hathcoat, April Sakizzie, Brenda King, Michael Lee, Chris Oliva, Sylvia Miguel, George San Crow, Leon Geasland, Frank TI Baseline ambient gaseous ammonia concentrations in the Four Corners area and eastern Oklahoma, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID OPEN-LOT DAIRIES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; EMISSION FACTORS; AIR; CHEMISTRY; DIOXIDE; INPUTS; OZONE; FLUX AB Ambient ammonia monitoring using Ogawa passive samplers was conducted in the Four Corners area and eastern Oklahoma, USA during 2007. The resulting data will be useful in the multipollutant management of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and visibility ( atmospheric regional haze) in the Four Corners area, an area with growing oil/gas production and increasing coal-based power plant construction. The passive monitoring data also add new ambient ammonia concentration information for the U. S. and will be useful to scientists involved in present and future visibility modeling exercises. Three week integrated passive ammonia samples were taken at five sites in the Four Corners area and two sites in eastern Oklahoma from December, 2006 through December, 2007 ( January, 2008 for two sites). Results show significantly higher regional background ammonia concentrations in eastern Oklahoma ( 1.8 parts per billion ( ppb) arithmetic mean) compared to the Four Corners area ( 0.2 ppb arithmetic mean). Annual mean ammonia concentrations for all Four Corners area sites for the 2007 study ranged from 0.2 ppb to 1.5 ppb. Peak ambient ammonia concentrations occurred in the spring and summer in both areas. The passive samplers deployed at the Stilwell, Oklahoma site compared favorably with other passive samplers and a continuous ammonia monitoring instrument. C1 [Sather, Mark E.] US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Mathew, Johnson; Nguyen, Nghia; Lay, John; Golod, George] US EPA, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. [Vet, Robert] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Cotie, Joseph; Hertel, Terry; Aaboe, Erik] New Mexico Environm Dept, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. [Callison, Ryan; Adam, Jacque; Keese, Danielle; Freise, Jeremy; Hathcoat, April] Cherokee Nation Environm Programs, Tahlequah, OK 74464 USA. [Sakizzie, Brenda; King, Michael; Lee, Chris] So Ute Indian Tribe, Air Qual Program, Ignacio, CO 81137 USA. [Oliva, Sylvia; Miguel, George San] Nat Resources, Mesa Verde, CO 81330 USA. [Crow, Leon; Geasland, Frank] Quapaw Tribe Oklahoma, Quapaw, OK 74363 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Reg 6,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1319 EP 1325 DI 10.1039/b807984f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384KI UT WOS:000261743300007 PM 18974901 ER PT J AU Hollister, JW August, PV Paul, JF Walker, HA AF Hollister, Jeffrey W. August, Peter V. Paul, John F. Walker, Henry A. TI Predicting estuarine sediment metal concentrations and inferred ecological conditions: An information theoretic approach SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; MODEL SELECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LANDSCAPE; CONTAMINATION; POLLUTION; RUNOFF AB Empirically derived relationships associating sediment metal concentrations with degraded ecological conditions provide important information to assess estuarine condition. Resources limit the number, magnitude, and frequency of monitoring activities to acquire these data. Models that use available information and simple statistical relationships to predict sediment metal concentrations could provide an important toot for environmental assessment. We developed 45 predictive models for the total concentrations of copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium in estuarine sediments along the Southern New England and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Using information theoretic model-averaging approaches, we found total developed land and percent silt/clay of estuarine sediment were the most important variables for predicting the presence of all four metals. Estuary area, river flow, tidal range, and total agricultural land varied in their importance. The model-averaged predictions explained 78.4, 70.5, 56.4, and 50.3% of the variation for copper, lead, mercury and cadmium, respectively. Overall prediction accuracies of selected sediment benchmark values (i.e., effects ranges) were 83.9, 84.8, 78.6, and 92.0% for copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium, respectively. Our results further support the generally accepted conclusion that sediment metal concentrations are best described by the physical characteristics of the estuarine sediment and the total amount of urban land in the contributing watershed. We demonstrated that broad-scate predictive models built from existing monitoring data with information theoretic model-averaging approaches provide valuable predictions of estuarine sediment metal concentrations and show promise for future environmental modeling efforts in other regions. C1 [Hollister, Jeffrey W.; Walker, Henry A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [August, Peter V.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paul, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hollister, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM hollister.jeff@epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0105 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254YX UT WOS:000252625000026 PM 18178897 ER PT J AU Lu, XX Wilson, JT Shen, H Henry, BM Kampbell, DH AF Lu, Xiaoxia Wilson, John T. Shen, Hai Henry, Bruce M. Kampbell, Donald H. TI Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater by a permeable reactive barrier filled with plant mulch (Biowall) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SETAC Asia/Pacific Conference 2006 CY SEP 18-20, 2006 CL Peking Univ, Peking, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Peking Univ DE trichloroethylene; remediation; Biowall; geochemistry; Dehalococcoides DNA; groundwater; interface ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; IRON SULFIDE; TRANSFORMATION; WATER AB A pilot-scale permeable reactive barrier filled with plant mulch was installed at Altus Air Force Base in Oklahoma, USA to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination in groundwater emanating from a landfill. The barrier was constructed in June 2002. It was 139 meters long, 7 meters deep, and 0.5 meters wide. The barrier is also called a Biowall because one of the mechanisms for removal of TCE is anaerobic biodegradation. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the pilot-scale Biowall after its installation. Data from over four years' monitoring indicated that the Biowall greatly changed geochemistry in the study area and stimulated TCE removal. The concentration of TCE in the Biowall and downgradient of the Biowall was greatly reduced as compared to that in ground water upgradient of the Biowall, while the concentration of cis-DCE in the Biowall and downgradient of the Biowall was much higher than that observed upgradient of the Biowall. Over time, the concentration of vinyl chloride in the Biowall and downgradient of the Biowall increased. Dehalococcoides DNA was detected within and downgradient of the Biowall, corresponding to the observation that vinyl chloride was produced at these locations. Results from a tracer study indicated that the regional groundwater flow pattern ultimately determined the flow direction in the area around the Biowall. The natural groundwater velocity was estimated at an average of 0.060 +/- 0.015 m/d. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wilson, John T.; Kampbell, Donald H.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Ada, OK USA. [Shen, Hai] New Mexico Environm Dept, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Lu, XX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1080/10934520701750421 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 251AY UT WOS:000252344000004 PM 18161555 ER PT J AU Abbaszadegan, M Monteiro, P Nwachuku, N Alum, A Ryu, H AF Abbaszadegan, Morteza Monteiro, Patricia Nwachuku, Nena Alum, Absar Ryu, Hodon TI Removal of adenovirus, calicivirus, and bacteriophages by conventional drinking water treatment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; calicivirus; MS-2; fr; PRD-1; Phi X-174; conventional drinking water treatment; pilot plant study ID VIRUS ADSORPTION; COAGULATION AB This study was conducted to evaluate the removal of adenovirus, feline calicivirus (FCV), and bacteriophages MS-2, fr, PRD-1, and Phi X-174 during conventional drinking water treatment using ferric chloride as a coagulant. Adenovirus and FCV were removed to a greater extent than PRD-1 and Phi X-174, indicating that these bacteriophages may be appropriate surrogates for both adenovirus and FCV. Of the four bacteriophages studied in the pilot plant, MS-2 was removed to the greatest extent (5.1 log), followed by fr (4.9 log), PRD-1 (3.5 log), and Phi X-174 (1.3 log). The virus removal trend in the pilot-scale testing was similar to the bench-scale testing; however, the bench-scale testing seemed to provide a conservative estimate of the pilot plant performance. In the pilot-scale testing, MS-2 and fr were removed with the greatest efficiency during filtration, whereas PRD-1 and Phi X-174 showed the greatest removal during sedimentation. C1 [Abbaszadegan, Morteza; Alum, Absar; Ryu, Hodon] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Monteiro, Patricia] Univ Brasilia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Nwachuku, Nena] US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Abbaszadegan, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM abbaszadegan@asu.edu RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1080/10934520701781541 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 251BA UT WOS:000252344200008 PM 18172809 ER PT J AU Subramanian, SB Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Lohani, BN AF Subramanian, S. Bala Yan, S. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Lohani, B. N. TI Isolation and molecular identification of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) producing bacterial strains for sludge settling and dewatering SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IWA Specialist Conference on Facing Sludge Diversities CY MAR 28-30, 2007 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP IWA, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Environm Engn Dept, Middle E Tech Univ Turkey DE bioflocculants; DNA sequencing; microorganisms; rRNA gene; sludge dewatering; and sludge volume index ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; BIOFLOCCULATION; WATER AB One of the major problems in overall wastewater treatment process is sludge settling and dewatering. In general, sludge settling and dewatering is carried out using conventional physico-chemical methods that are known to be expensive, and these processes further increase the sludge volume and ultimate disposal costs. To overcome this problem, a suitable alternative could be the use of bioflocculants for sludge settling and dewatering. To achieve bioflocculation, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) producing bacterial strains were isolated from the complex microbial community of wastewater sludge. Crude EPS produced in the form of bacterial broth was used to test kaolin flocculation activity. Three out of 10 bacterial strains (B2, B8 and B9) were pre-selected for sludge settling. Based on sludge settling and dewatering results, B8 possessed better flocculating property than other bacterial strains. These sludge microorganisms were identified based on their 16S rDNA sequences and bacterial strain B8 was identified as Serratia sps. C1 [Subramanian, S. Bala; Yan, S.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US Dept Environm Protect Agcy, Kansas City, KS USA. [Lohani, B. N.] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca OI Sellamuthu, Balassubramanian/0000-0002-7018-6854 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 EI 1532-4117 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2008 VL 43 IS 13 SI SI BP 1495 EP 1503 DI 10.1080/10934520802293602 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 354HP UT WOS:000259630000004 PM 18821234 ER PT J AU Fu, PP Xia, QS Guo, L Yu, HT Chan, PC AF Fu, Peter P. Xia, Qingsu Guo, Lei Yu, Hongtao Chan, Po-Chuen TI Toxicity of kava kava SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Kava; anti-anxiety herbal beverage; top-selling botanical; hepatotoxicity; metabolism; mechanism ID FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PIPER-METHYSTICUM; IN-VITRO; NATURAL THERAPY; BEVERAGE KAVA; F344 RATS; KAVALACTONES; EXTRACT AB Kava is a traditional beverage of various Pacific Basin countries. Kava has been introduced into the mainstream U.S. market principally as an anti-anxiety preparation. The effects of the long-term consumption of kava have not been documented adequately. Preliminary studies suggest possible serious organ system effects. The potential carcinogenicity of kava and its principal constituents are unknown. As such, kava extract was nominated for the chronic tumorigenicity bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). At present toxicological evaluation of kava extract is being conducted by the NTP. The present review focuses on the recent findings on kava toxicity and the mechanisms by which kava induces hepatotoxicity. C1 [Fu, Peter P.; Xia, Qingsu; Guo, Lei] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Yu, Hongtao] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Chan, Po-Chuen] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fu, PP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM peter.fu@fda.hhs.gov; chanp@niehs.nih.gov RI Guo, Lei/E-9232-2011 NR 91 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 89 EP 112 DI 10.1080/10590500801907407 PG 24 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 270QJ UT WOS:000253735000003 PM 18322868 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Zimmennan, JH Moy, TW AF Mottaleb, M. A. Zimmennan, J. H. Moy, T. W. TI Biological transformation, kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biotransformation; kinetics; hemoglobin adducts; dose-response; nitro musks; biomarker; fish ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITRO MUSKS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CARP HEMOGLOBIN; XYLENE; METABOLITES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; TOXICOKINETICS; MUTAGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY AB Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK), used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products, are frequently detected in the water and other environment. Thus, aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to MK. In this study, kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite, bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout, formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been demonstrated. Trout were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010, 0.030, 0.10, and 0.30 mg MK/g fish. Twenty-seven Hb samples were collected from exposed- and control fish subsequent to exposure intervals of 1 d (24 h), 3 d (72 h), and 7 d (168 h). Basic hydrolysis released bound AMK metabolite was extracted into n-hexane and then concentrated and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) electron capture negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometry (MS) using selected ion monitoring (SIM). The presence of the AMK metabolite in Hb extracts was confirmed by agreement of similar mass spectral features and retention time with a standard. In the dose-response study, maximum adduct formation was obtained at the 0.10 mg/g dose with an average AMK metabolite concentration of 2.2 ng/g. For kinetics, the highest concentration of the AMK metabolite was found to be 32.0 ng/g at 0.030 mg/g dose in 3-d sample. Further elimination of the metabolite showed kinetics with a half-life estimated to be 2 d, assuming first-order kinetics. The metabolite was not detected in the control samples, non-hydrolyzed Hb, and reagent blank extracts. The detection limit for AMK in the Hb was approximately 0.30 ng/g, based on a signal to noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3). C1 [Mottaleb, M. A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Zimmennan, J. H.; Moy, T. W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, POB 97348, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Mohammad_Mottaleb@Baylor.Edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 BP 878 EP 884 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327JD UT WOS:000257724500017 PM 18814586 ER PT J AU Lorber, M AF Lorber, Matthew TI Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers; PBDE; brominated flame retardants; exposure modeling ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN SERUM; HOUSE-DUST; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; DIETARY-INTAKE; UNITED-STATES AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs, are a class of brominated flame retardants that, like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been found in humans, wildlife, and biota worldwide. Unlike other POPs, however, the key routes of human exposure are not thought to be food and fish, but rather are from their use in household consumer products, and to the high levels of PBDEs found in house dust. The exposure of Americans to PBDEs was systematically evaluated in this study. First, exposure media data on PBDE congeners were compiled. Then, an adult intake dose was derived using exposure factors in combination with these data. The exposure pathways evaluated included food and water ingestion, inhalation, and ingestion and dermal contact to house dust. These intakes were converted to a body burden using a simple pharmacokinetic (PK) model. The predicted body burdens were compared with representative profiles of PBDEs in blood and milk. The adult intake dose of total PBDEs was estimated to be 7.7 ng/kg body weight/day, and children's estimated intakes were higher at 49.3 ng/kg/day for ages 1-5, 14.4 ng/kg/day for 6-11, and 9.1 ng/kg/day for 12-19. The much higher dose for the child age 1-5 was due to the doubling of dust ingestion from 50 to 100 mg/day. The predicted adult body burden of total PBDEs was 33.8 ng/kg lipid weight (lwt),compared to representative measurements in blood and milk at 64.0 and 93.7 ng/g lwt, respectively Most of this apparent underprediction in total concentration was due to an underprediction of the key congener, BDE 47. The value for BDE 47 half-life in the body was identified as the variable most likely in error in this exercise. Other congener predictions compared well with measurements, suggesting general validity with the approach. An important finding from this assessment is that the food intake estimate of about 1.3 ng/kg/day (of the 7.7 ng/kg/day total) cannot explain current US body burdens; exposures to PBDEs in house dust accounted for 82% of the overall estimated intakes. C1 [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 93 TC 274 Z9 291 U1 8 U2 120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 2 EP 19 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500572 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700002 PM 17426733 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Egeghy, PP Fortmann, RC Whitaker, DA Nishioka, MG Naeher, LP Hilliard, A AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Egeghy, Peter P. Fortmann, Roy C. Whitaker, Donald A. Nishioka, Marcia G. Naeher, Luke P. Hilliard, Aaron TI Multimedia measurements and activity patterns in an observational pilot study of nine young children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multimedia; activity patterns; young children; pyrethroids; chlorpyrifos; permethrin; cypermethrin; observational study; residential ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PROBABILITY-BASED SAMPLE; 1990/1992 GERES II; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; WASHINGTON-STATE AB A pilot observational exposure study was performed to evaluate methods for collecting multimedia measurements (air, dust, food, urine) and activity patterns to assess potential exposures of young children to pesticides in their homes. Nine children (mean age 5 years) and their caregivers participated in this study, performed in the Duval County, Florida, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Duval County Health Department. For all nine children, the total time reported for sleeping and napping ranged from 9.5 to 14 h per day, indoor quiet time from 0 to 5.5 h per day, indoor active time from 0.75 to 5.5 h per day, outdoor quiet time from 0 to 1.5 h per day, and outdoor active time from 0.5 to 6.5 h per day. Each home had one to three pesticide products present, with aerosols being most common. Pesticide inventories, however, were not useful for predicting pesticide levels in the home. Synthetic pyrethroids were the most frequently identified active ingredients in the products present in each home. Fifteen pesticide active ingredients were measured in the application area wipes (not detected (ND) to 580 ng/cm(2)), 13 in the play area wipes (ND-117 ng/cm(2)), and 14 in the indoor air samples (ND-378 ng/m(3)) and the socks (ND-1000 ng/cm(2)). Cis-permethrin, trans-permethrin, and cypermethrin were measured in all nine homes. Chlorpyrifos was measured in all nine homes even though it was not reported used by the participants. All urine samples contained measurable concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). The median 3-PBA urinary concentration for the nine children was 2.2 mu g/l. A wide variety of pesticide active ingredients were measured in these nine homes at median concentrations that were often higher than reported previously in similar studies. These data highlight the need for additional observational studies in regions where pesticides are used in order to understand the factors that affect young children's exposures and the education/mitigation strategies that can be used to reduce children's exposures. C1 [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Egeghy, Peter P.; Fortmann, Roy C.; Whitaker, Donald A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nishioka, Marcia G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Naeher, Luke P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hilliard, Aaron] Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tulve.nicolle@epa.gov NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500600 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700004 PM 17851450 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Palma, T Touma, JS Thurman, J AF Oezkaynak, Haluk Palma, Ted Touma, Jawad S. Thurman, James TI Modeling population exposures to outdoor sources of hazardous air pollutants SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air toxics; commuting; hazardous air pollutants; microenvironment; modeling; population exposure; time-activity ID DAILY MORTALITY; POLLUTION; INDOOR; PARTICULATE; ASSOCIATION; CALIFORNIA; BENZENE; TOXICS AB Accurate assessment of human exposures is an important part of environmental health effects research. However, most air pollution epidemiology studies rely upon imperfect surrogates of personal exposures, such as information based on available central-site outdoor concentration monitoring or modeling data. In this paper, we examine the limitations of using outdoor concentration predictions instead of modeled personal exposures for over 30 gaseous and particulate hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the US. The analysis uses the results from an air quality dispersion model (the ASPEN or Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide model) and an inhalation exposure model (the HAPEM or Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model, Version 5), applied by the US. Environmental protection Agency during the 1999 National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA) in the US. Our results show that the total predicted chronic exposure concentrations of outdoor HAPs from all sources are lower than the modeled ambient concentrations by about 20% on average for most gaseous HAPs and by about 60% on average for most particulate HAPs (mainly, due to the exclusion of indoor sources from our modeling analysis and lower infiltration of particles indoors). On the other hand, the HAPEM/ASPEN concentration ratio averages for on road mobile source exposures were found to be greater than 1 (around 1.20) for most mobile-source related HAPs (e.g. 1, 3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde) reflecting the importance of near-roadway and commuting environments on personal exposures to HAPs. The distribution of the ratios of personal to ambient concentrations was found to be skewed for a number of the VOCs and reactive HAPs associated with major source emissions, indicating the importance of personal mobility factors. We conclude that the increase in personal exposures from the corresponding predicted ambient levels tends to occur near locations where there are either major emission sources of HAPs or when individuals are exposed to either on-or nonroad sources of HAPs during their daily activities. These findings underscore the importance of applying exposure-modeling methods, which incorporate information on time-activity, commuting, and exposure factors data, for the purposes of assigning exposures in air pollution health studies. C1 [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Palma, Ted; Thurman, James] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Touma, Jawad S.] US EPA, Nat Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modelling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov NR 29 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500612 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700005 PM 17878926 ER PT J AU Arega, F Lee, JHW Tang, HW AF Arega, Feleke Lee, Joseph H. W. Tang, Hong-wu TI Hydraulic jet control for river junction design of Yuen Long Bypass Floodway, Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL JUNCTIONS; FLOW; MODEL; DISPERSION; SCHEMES AB The Yuen Long Bypass Floodway (YLBF) was designed to collect flows from the Sham Chung River (SCR) and the San Hui Nullah (SHN) and to serve as a diversion channel of the Yuen Long Main Nullah (YLMN). Under a 200-year return period design condition, the floodway was designed (1) to divert a flow of approximately 38 m(3)/s from the supercritical YLMN flow and (2) to convey a total combined flow of 278 m(3)/s to downstream within acceptable flood levels. The success of the design depends critically on complicated junction flow interactions that cannot be resolved by 1D unsteady flow models. These features include the supercritical-subcritical flow transition at the San Hui-Floodway (SHN-YLBF) junction and the diversion of part of the supercritical flow from the Main Nullah (YLMN). A laboratory Froude scale physical model was constructed to study water stages and flow characteristics in the floodway and to investigate optimal design arrangements at channel junctions and transitions. This paper summarizes the main features of the unique river junction network, in particular the use of the hydraulic jet principle at the SHN-YLBF junction to lower flood levels. In addition, a numerical flow model is employed to study flow details at the river junctions. The model is based on the general 2D shallow water equations in strong conservation form. The equations are discretized using the total variation diminishing finite-volume method which captures the discontinuity in hydraulic jumps. The numerical model predictions are well supported by the laboratory data, and the theoretical and experimental results offer useful insights for the design of urban flood control schemes under tight space constraints. C1 [Arega, Feleke] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Tang, Hong-wu] Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Lee, Joseph H. W.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Arega, Feleke] US EPA, NRC Res Associate, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Arega, F (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM aregaf@dnr.gov; hreclhw@hkucc.hku.hk NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:1(23) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 252GR UT WOS:000252435500003 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS AF Campbell, R. Cooper, G. S. Gilkeson, G. S. TI The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus among patients of the carolina lupus study early in the course of disease SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Campbell, R.; Gilkeson, G. S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Gilkeson, G. S.] Ralph H Johnson Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 142 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301292 ER PT J AU Mundargi, RC Patil, SA Kulkarni, PV Mallikarjuna, NN Aminabhavi, TM AF Mundargi, R. C. Patil, S. A. Kulkarni, P. V. Mallikarjuna, N. N. Aminabhavi, T. M. TI Sequential interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel microspheres of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) for oral controlled drug delivery to intestine SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE microspheres; methacrylic acid; pH sensitive; ibuprofen; controlled delivery ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); IN-VITRO; SODIUM; WATER; DIFFUSION; MICROGELS; IBUPROFEN; BEHAVIOR; BLENDS AB Sequential interpenetrating networks of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been prepared and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to obtain pH sensitive microspheres by a water-in-oil emulsification method. Microspheres have been used to deliver the chosen model anti-inflammatory drug viz., ibuprofen to the intestine. Ibuprofen was encapsulated up to 70% within polymeric matrices. The interpenetrating polymer network formed was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses were done on drug-loaded microspheres to confirm the polymorphism of ibuprofen. Results of this study indicated the molecular level dispersion of ibuprofen in the developed microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature and smooth surfaces of the microspheres produced. Mean particle size of the microspheres as measured by laser light scattering ranged between 51-176 mu m. Swelling was performed in the simulated gastric as well as the intestinal conditions. Microspheres showed a pulsatile swelling behaviour when pH of the swelling media was altered. The swelling data have been fitted to an empirical equation to understand water transport trends as well as to calculate the diffusion coefficients. Values of diffusion coefficients in acidic media were lower than those found in the basic media. Values of diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing cross-linking of the matrix. In vitro release studies have been performed in 1.2 and 7.4 pH media to simulate the gastric and intestinal conditions. The in vitro release results indicated a dependence on the pH of the release media, extent of cross-linking and the amount of drug loading. The release data were fitted to an empirical relation to estimate the transport parameters and thereby to understand the transport mechanism. C1 [Aminabhavi, T. M.] Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. [Mundargi, R. C.; Patil, S. A.] Karnatak Univ, Dept Chem, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. [Kulkarni, P. V.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Mallikarjuna, N. N.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mundargi, RC (reprint author), Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. EM aminabhavi@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 228 EP 240 DI 10.1080/02652040801896435 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 302UV UT WOS:000255996200002 PM 18465310 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Green synthesis of Ag and Pd nanospheres, nanowires, and nanorods using vitamin B(2): Catalytic polymerisation of aniline and pyrrole SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WET CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; SIZE; CHEMISTRY AB For the first time, we report green chemistry approach using vitamin B(2) in the synthesis of silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd), nanospheres, nanowires, and nanorods at room temperature without using any harmful reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) or hydroxylamine hydrochloride and any special capping or dispersing agent. Vitamin B(2) was used as reducing agent as well as capping agent due to its high-water solubility, biodegradability, and low-toxicity compared with other reducing agents. The average particle size of nanoprticle was found to be Ag (average size 6.1 +/- 0.1nm) and Pd (average size 4.1 +/- 0.1 nm) nanoparticles in ethylene glycol and Ag (average size 5.9 +/- 0.1 nm, and average size 6.1 +/- 0.1) nanoparticles in acetic acid and NMP, respectively. The formation of noble multiple shape nanostructures and their self assembly were dependent on the solvent employed for the preparation. When water was used as solvent media, Ag and Pd nanoparticles started to self-assemble into rod-like structures and in isopropanol Ag and Pd nanoparticles yielded wire-like structures with a thickness in the range of 10 to 20 nm and several hundred microns in length. In acetone and acetonitrile medium, the Ag and Pd nanoparticles are self-assembled into a regular pattern making nanorod structures with thicknesses ranging from 100 to 200nm and lengths of a few microns. The so-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and UV spectroscopy. The ensuing Ag and Pd nanoparticles catalyzed the reactions of aniline and pyrrole to generate polyaniline and polypyrrole nanofibers and may find various technological and biological applications. This single-step greener approach is general and can be extended to other noble metals and transition metal oxides. Copyright (C) 2008 M. N. Nadagouda and R. S. Varma. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 61 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2008 AR 782358 DI 10.1155/2008/782358 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 299UY UT WOS:000255781700001 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, K Webber, TD Dean, R Betancourt, DA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. Webber, T. D. Dean, R. Betancourt, D. A. TI Testing antimicrobial paint efficacy on gypsum wallboard contaminated with Stachybotrys chartarum SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; biocontaminant; efficacy; encapsulant; mold; paint; Stachybotrys chartarum ID PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; GROWTH AB The goal of this research was to reduce occupant exposure to indoor mold through the efficacy testing of antimicrobial paints. An accepted method for handling Stachybotrys chartarum-contaminated gypsum wallboard (GWB) is removal and replacement. This practice is also recommended for water-damaged or mold-contaminated GWB but is not always followed completely. The efficacy of antimicrobial paints to eliminate or control mold regrowth on surfaces can be tested easily on nonporous surfaces. The testing of antimicrobial efficacy on porous surfaces found in the indoor environment, such as gypsum wallboard, can be more complicated and prone to incorrect conclusions regarding residual organisms. The mold S. chartarum has been studied for toxin production and its occurrence in water-damaged buildings. Research to control its growth using seven different antimicrobial paints and two commonly used paints on contaminated, common gypsum wallboard was performed in laboratory testing at high relative humidity. The results indicate differences in antimicrobial efficacy for the period of testing, and that proper cleaning and resurfacing of GWB with an antimicrobial paint can be an option in those unique circumstances when removal may not be possible. C1 [Menetrez, M. Y.; Dean, R.; Betancourt, D. A.] US EPA, Indoor Environm Management Branch, Off Res & Dev,Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foarde, K.; Webber, T. D.] Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Indoor Environm Management Branch, Off Res & Dev,Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1080/15459620701778762 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZU UT WOS:000252340800002 PM 18041646 ER PT J AU Sarang, SS Lukyanova, SM Brown, DD Cummings, BS Gullans, SR Schnellmann, RG AF Sarang, Satinder S. Lukyanova, Svetlana M. Brown, Daniel D. Cummings, Brian S. Gullans, Steven R. Schnellmann, Rick G. TI Identification, coassembly, and activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits in renal proximal tubular cells SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ADULT-RAT BRAIN; GABA(A) RECEPTORS; EXPRESSION; SUBTYPES; RABBIT; POPULATIONS AB Although the properties and functions of GABA A receptors in the mammalian central nervous system have been well studied, the presence and significance of GABA A receptors in non-neural tissues are less clear. The goal of this study was to examine the expression of GABA A receptor alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(4), alpha(5), beta(1), gamma(1), gamma(2), and delta subunits in the kidney and to determine whether these subunits coassemble to form an active renal epithelial cell GABA A receptor. Using reverse transcriptase products from RNA isolated from rat and rabbit kidney cortex and brain or cerebellum through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the PCR products, we revealed that rat kidney cortex contained the alpha(1), alpha(5), beta(1), gamma(1), and gamma(2) subunits and that they were similar to the neuronal subunits. Sequencing of the PCR products revealed that the rabbit kidney cortex contained the alpha(1) and alpha(2) subunits and that they were similar to their neuronal counterparts. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot studies using GABA(A) receptor subunit-specific antibodies and detergent-solubilized rat kidney cortex membranes identified a GABA(A) receptor complex containing alpha(5), beta(1), and gamma(1). Isolated rat renal proximal tubular cells exhibited GABA-mediated, picrotoxin-sensitive Cl-36(-) uptake. These studies demonstrate the presence of numerous GABA A receptor subunits in the kidneys of two species, the assembly of the subunits into at least one novel receptor complex, and an active GABA A receptor in renal proximal tubular cells. C1 [Lukyanova, Svetlana M.; Cummings, Brian S.; Schnellmann, Rick G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Sarang, Satinder S.; Gullans, Steven R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Ctr Neurol Dis, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brown, Daniel D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schnellmann, RG (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 280 Calhoun St,POB 250140, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM schnell@musc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-10079, DK-52946] NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 324 IS 1 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1124/jpet.107.129957 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 245GM UT WOS:000251923100044 PM 17959749 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Ayala, A Black, KN Graze, RR Koupal, J Minassian, F Murray, HB Natarajan, M Tennant, CJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, Steven H. Ayala, Alberto Black, Kevin N. Graze, R. Rob Koupal, John Minassian, Fred Murray, Hannah B. Natarajan, Mani Tennant, Christopher J. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the seventeenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) held its 17th On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop in. March 2007, where results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. We summarize ongoing Work from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the role and contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the Workshop discussed efforts,to improve mobile source emission models, light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions measurements, on- and off-road emissions measurements, effects of fuels and lubricating oils on emissions, as well as emerging issues and topics for future research. C1 [Lawson, Douglas R.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cadle, Steven H.] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. [Ayala, Alberto] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Black, Kevin N.] Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. [Graze, R. Rob] Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. [Koupal, John] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Minassian, Fred] S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. [Murray, Hannah B.] Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Natarajan, Mani] Marathon Petr LLC, Findlay, OH USA. [Tennant, Christopher J.] Coordinating Res Council Inc, Alpharetta, GA USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PA UT WOS:000252165100002 PM 18236789 ER PT J AU Cardoso, AJ Levine, AD Rhea, LR AF Cardoso, Antonio J. Levine, Audrey D. Rhea, Lisa R. TI Batch test assessment of waste-to-energy combustion residues impacts on precipitate formation in landfill leachate collection systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL; BOTTOM ASH; INCINERATION; DISPOSAL; RELEASE; MSWI AB Disposal practices for bottom ash and fly ash from waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities include emplacement in Ash monofills or co-disposal with municipal solid waste (MSW) and residues from water and wastewater treatment facilities. In some cases, WTE residues are used as daily cover in landfills that receive MSW. A recurring problem in many landfills is the development of calcium-based precipitates in leachate collection systems. Although MSW contains varying levels of calcium, WTE residues and treatment plant sludges have the potential to contribute concentrated sources of leachable minerals into landfill leachates. This study was conducted to evaluate the leachability of calcium and other minerals from residues generated by WTE combustion using residues obtained from three WTE facilities in Florida (two mass-burn and one refuse-derived fuel). Leaching potential was quantified as a function of contact time and lliquid-to-solid ratios with batch tests and longer term leaching tests using laboratory lysimeters to simulate an ash monofill containing fly ash and bottom ash. The leachate generated as a result of these tests had total dissolved solid (TDS) levels ranging from S to 320 mg TDS/g ash. Calcium was a major contributor to the TDS values, contributing from 20 to 105 g calcium/kg ash. Fly ash was a major contributor of leachable calcium. Precipitate formation in leachates from WTE combustion residues could be induced by adding mineral acids or through gas dissolution (carbon dioxide or air). Stabilization of residual calcium in fly ashes that are landfilled and/or the use of less leachable neutralization reagents during processing of acidic gases from WTE facilities could help to decrease the calcium levels in leachates and help to prevent precipitate formation in leachate collection systems. C1 [Cardoso, Antonio J.] Arcadis US Inc, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. [Levine, Audrey D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rhea, Lisa R.] Jones Edmunds & Assoc Inc, Tampa, FL USA. RP Cardoso, AJ (reprint author), Arcadis US Inc, 14055 Riveredge Dr,Suite 400, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. EM Antonio.Cardoso@arcadis-us.com NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.19 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PA UT WOS:000252165100004 PM 18236791 ER PT J AU Carter, C Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Olson, N Long, RW AF Carter, Cory Eatough, Norman L. Eatough, Delbert J. Olson, Neal Long, Russell W. TI Comparison of speciation sampler and PC-BOSS fine particulate matter organic material results obtained in Lindon, Utah, during winter 2001-2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; PM2.5 MASS; AEROSOL; PARTICLES; SYSTEM AB The Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) has been previously verified as being capable of measuring total fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including semi-volatile species. The present study was conducted to determine if the simple modification of a commercial speciation sampler with a charcoal denuder followed by a filter pack containing a quartz filter and a charcoal-impregnated glass (CIG) fiber filter would allow for the measurement of total PM2.5, including semi-volatile organic material. Data were collected using an R&P (Rupprecht and Pastasnik Co., Inc.) Partisol Model 2300 speciation sampler; an R&P Partisol speciation sampler modified with a BOSS denuder, followed by a filter pack with a quartz and a CIG filter, a Met One spiral aerosol speciation sampler (SASS); and the PC-BOSS from November 2001 to March 2002 at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) sampling site in Lindon, UT. Total PM2.5 mass, ammonium nitrate (both nonvolatile and semi-volatile), ammonium sulfate, organic carbon (both non-volatile and semi-volatile), and elemental carbon were determined on a 24-hr basis. Results obtained with the individual samplers were compared to determine the capability of the modified R&P speciation sampler for measuring total PM2.5 including semi-volatile components. Data obtained with the modified speciation sampler agreed with the PC-BOSS results. Data obtained with the two unmodified speciation samplers were low by an average of 26% because of the loss of semi-volatile organic material from the quartz filter during sample collection. C1 [Carter, Cory; Eatough, Norman L.; Eatough, Delbert J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Olson, Neal] Utah State Dept Environm Qual, Air Monitoring Div, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Long, Russell W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, E114 Benson Bldg,POB 25700, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Delbert_eatough@byu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.65 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PA UT WOS:000252165100008 PM 18236795 ER PT J AU Grover, BD Kleinman, M Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Cary, RA Hopke, PK Wilson, WE AF Grover, Brett D. Kleinman, Michael Eatough, Norman L. Eatough, Delbert J. Cary, Robert A. Hopke, Philip K. Wilson, William E. TI Measurement of fine particulate matter nonvolatile and semi-volatile organic material with the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PM2.5; PARTICLES; MASS AB Semi-volatile organic material (SVOM) in fine particles is not reliably measured with conventional semicontinuous carbon monitors because SVOM is lost from the collection media during sample collection. We have modified a Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor to allow for the determination of SVOM. In a conventional Sunset monitor, gas-phase organic compounds are removed in the sampled airstream by a diffusion denuder employing charcoal-impregnated cellulose filter (CIF) surfaces. Subsequently, particles are collected on a quartz filter and the instrument then determines both the organic carbon and elemental carbon fractions of the aerosol using a thermal/optical method. However, some of the SVOM is lost from the filter during collection, and therefore is not determined. Because the interfering gas-phase organic compounds are removed before aerosol collection, the SVOM can be determined by filtering the particles at the instrument inlet and then replacing the quartz filter in the monitor with a charcoal-impregnated glass fiber filter (CIG), which retains the SVOM lost from particles collected on the inlet filter. The resulting collected SVOM is then determined in the analysis step by measurement of the carbonaceous material thermally evolved from the CIG filter. This concept was tested during field studies in February 2003 in Lindon, UT, and in July 2003 in Rubidoux, CA. The results obtained were validated by comparison with Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) results. The sum of nonvolatile organic material determined with a conventional Sunset monitor and SVOM determined with the modified Sunset monitor agree with the PC-BOSS results. Linear regression analysis of total carbon concentrations determined by the PC-BOSS and the Sunset resulted in a zero-intercept slope of 0.99 +/- 0.02 (R-2 = 0.92) and a precision of sigma = +/- 1.5 mu g C/m(3) (8%). C1 [Grover, Brett D.; Kleinman, Michael; Eatough, Norman L.; Eatough, Delbert J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Cary, Robert A.] Sunset Lab Inc, Forest Grove, OR USA. [Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA. [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, E114 Benson Bldg,POB 25700, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Delbert_eatough@byu.edu RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.72 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PA UT WOS:000252165100009 PM 18236796 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Hopke, PK Froines, J Scheffe, R AF Solomon, Paul A. Hopke, Philip K. Froines, John Scheffe, Richard TI Key Scientific Findings and Policy- and Health-Relevant Insights from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies: An Integration and Synthesis of Results SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; NEW-YORK-CITY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; PITTSBURGH AIR-QUALITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AB In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated a major air quality program known as the Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program. The Supersites Program was a multiyear, $27 million air quality monitoring program consisting of eight regional air quality projects located throughout the United States, each with differing atmospheric pollution conditions resulting from variations in source emissions and meteorology. The overall goal of the program was to elucidate source-receptor relationships and atmospheric processes leading to PM accumulation on urban and regional scales; thus providing the scientific underpinning for modeling and data analysis efforts to support State Implementation Plans and more effective risk management approaches for PM. The program had three main objectives: (1) conduct methods development and evaluation, (2) characterize ambient PM, and (3) support health effects and exposure research. This paper provides a synthesis of key scientific findings from the Supersites Program and related studies. EPA developed 16 science/policy-relevant questions in conjunction with state and other federal agencies, Regional Planning Organizations, and the private sector. These questions were addressed to the extent possible, even given the vast amount of new information available from the Supersites Program, in a series of papers published as a special issue of the Journal of Air & Waste Management Association (February 2008). This synthesis also includes discussions of: (1) initial Supersites Program support for air quality management efforts in specific locations throughout the United States; (2) selected policy-relevant insights, based on atmospheric sciences findings, useful to air quality managers and decision makers planning emissions management strategies to address current and future PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and network planning and implementation; (3) selected health-relevant insights interpreted from atmospheric sciences findings in light of future directions for health and exposure scientists planning studies of the effects of PM on human health; and (4) selected knowledge gaps to guide future research. Finally, given the scope and depth of research and findings from the Supersites Program, this paper provides a reference source so readers can glean a general understanding of the overall research conducted and its policy-relevant insights. Supporting details for the results presented are available through the cited references. An annotated table of contents allows readers to easily find specific subject matter within the text. C1 [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, CARES, Potsdam, NY USA. [Froines, John] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Scheffe, Richard] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 FU Canadian Government; Global Systems Division, Demonstration Branch, NOAA (Margot H. Ackley, Division Chief); EPA through its Office of Research and Development [CR828057-01]; Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV [CR828058-01]; University of Washington, St. Louis, MO [CR828059-01]; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA [CR828060-01]; State University of New York, Albany, NY [CR828061-01]; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA [CR828062-01]; University of Texas, Austin, TX [CR828063-01]; University of Maryland, College Park, MD [CR824849-01]; Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA FX The authors thank the Supersites Program PIS and their colleagues who assisted in the preparation of the technical papers in support of this integrated synthesis and whose efforts throughout the Supersites Program led to an extremely successful program. The authors also acknowledge participation in the ESP and in the population of the SIRD by the many related study Pis and colleagues who helped make the ESP and the overall Supersites Program an even greater success than originally envisioned, by expanding the scope of each program not only regionally, but nationally and internationally. Support for Supersites Program related studies came from the private and public sectors, the latter including local, state, and federal agencies, as well as internationally with cooperation from the Canadian Government. Support from the Global Systems Division, Demonstration Branch, NOAA (Margot H. Ackley, Division Chief) is greatly appreciated for their assistance to archive radar profiler data during the entire ESP period for inclusion in SIRD. Appreciation is given to Dr. Daniel Costa, National Program Manager for Air Research, EPA, who provided internal peer-review of this manuscript. EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under the following assistance agreements: CR828057-01 to the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV; CR828058-01 to the University of Washington, St. Louis, MO; CR828059-01 to the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; CR828060-01 to the State University of New York, Albany, NY; CR828061-01 to Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; CR828062-01 to the University of Texas, Austin, TX; CR828063-01 to the University of Maryland, College Park, MD; and CR824849-01 to the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. This manuscript has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement, certification, or recommendation for use. NR 544 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 13 SU S SI SI BP S3 EP S92 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.13.S-3 PG 90 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384KG UT WOS:000261743100002 PM 19202993 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Hopke, PK AF Solomon, Paul A. Hopke, Philip K. TI The US Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Supersites Program: An Integrated Synthesis of Scientific Findings and Policy- and Health-Relevant Insights INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, CARES, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 13 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.13.S-1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384KG UT WOS:000261743100001 PM 19202992 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG Gelfand, AE Holland, DM AF Rappold, Ana G. Gelfand, Alan E. Holland, David M. TI Modelling mercury deposition through latent space-time processes SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE interpolation; misalignment; multivariate dynamic model; stationarity in space; stationarity in time ID AMBIENT PM10 FIELD; SPATIAL PREDICTION; OZONE; EXPOSURE AB The paper provides a space-time process model for total wet mercury deposition. Key methodological features that are introduced include direct modelling of deposition rather than of expected deposition, the utilization of precipitation information (there is no deposition without precipitation) without having to construct a precipitation model and the handling of point masses at 0 in the distributions of both precipitation and deposition. The result is a specification that enables spatial interpolation and temporal prediction of deposition as well as aggregation in space or time to see patterns and trends in deposition. We use weekly deposition monitoring data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program-Mercury Deposition Network for 2003 restricted to the eastern USA and Canada. Our spatiotemporal hierarchical model allows us to interpolate to arbitrary locations and, hence, to an arbitrary grid, enabling weekly deposition surfaces (with associated uncertainties) for this region. It also allows us to aggregate weekly depositions at coarser, quarterly and annual, temporal levels. C1 [Rappold, Ana G.; Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Rappold, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rappold.ana@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES014843-01A2, R01 ES014843] NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9254 J9 J R STAT SOC C-APPL JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PY 2008 VL 57 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00608.x PN 2 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 267BT UT WOS:000253484100004 PM 19173009 ER PT J AU Cote, I Samet, J Vandenberg, JJ AF Cote, Ila Samet, Jonathan Vandenberg, John J. TI US air quality management: Local, regional and global approaches SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th NERAM Colloquium on International Perspectives on Air Quality CY JAN 31-FEB 01, 2005 CL Natl Inst Public Hlth, Cuernavaca, MEXICO SP Network Environm Risk Assessment & Management HO Natl Inst Public Hlth AB The purpose of this article is to review approaches to air quality management (AQM) in the United States. To characterize AQM in the United States, four examples that addressed local, regional, and global scale air pollution are described. These examples include: (1) the Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) program, (2) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) program, (3) "Cap & Trade" programs, and (4) U.S. global pollution control efforts. These four examples were chosen because each presents a different approach to AQM. This was not intended to be a comprehensive description of U.S. AQM programs, but rather representative of selected examples that highlight the themes of this program. Some general principles that are illustrated in the article and are considered important characteristics of U.S. AQM are: Ensure open access to information and transparency in decision making. Develop and sustain a well-trained workforce. Facilitate training, networking, and technology transfer among air quality managers. Integrate planning and coordination of efforts across jurisdictions (across federal, state, and local agencies). Educate and encourage participation of stakeholders. Balance of societal benefits and costs. Apply innovative approaches, where possible. Fund research to improve the scientific basis for problem identification and effective AQM strategy development. C1 [Cote, Ila] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Samet, Jonathan] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Vandenberg, John J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cote, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cote.ila@epa.gov OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1080/15287390701557917 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 249IG UT WOS:000252220900011 PM 18080896 ER PT J AU Foos, B Sonawane, B AF Foos, Brenda Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Overview: Workshop on children's inhalation dosimetry and health effects for risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Foos, Brenda] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Foos, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,MC 1107A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM foos.brenda@epa.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1080/15287390701597855 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400001 PM 18097942 ER PT J AU Foos, B Marty, M Schwartz, J Bennett, W Moya, J Jarabek, AM Salmon, AG AF Foos, Brenda Marty, Melanie Schwartz, Joel Bennett, William Moya, Jacqueline Jarabek, Annie M. Salmon, Andrew G. TI Focusing on children's inhalation dosimetry and health effects for risk assessment: An introduction SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; POSTNEONATAL INFANT-MORTALITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHILDREN; CHRONIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; OZONE EXPOSURE AB Substantial effort has been invested in improving children's health risk assessment in recent years. However, the body of scientific evidence in support of children's health assessment is constantly advancing, indicating the need for continual updating of risk assessment methods. Children's inhalation dosimetry and child-specific adverse health effects are of particular concern for risk assessment. When focusing on this topic within children's health, key issues for consideration include (1) epidemiological evidence of adverse effects following children's exposure to air pollution, (2) ontogeny of the lungs and effects on dosimetry, (3) estimation and variability of children's inhalation rates, and (4) current risk assessment methodologies for addressing children. In this article, existing and emerging information relating to these key issues are introduced and discussed in an effort to better understand children's inhalation dosimetry and adverse health effects for risk assessment. While much useful evidence is currently available, additional research and methods are warranted for improved children's health risk assessment. C1 [Foos, Brenda] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Marty, Melanie; Salmon, Andrew G.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bennett, William] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lund Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moya, Jacqueline; Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foos, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, MC 1107A,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM foos.brenda@epa.gov NR 133 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1080/15287390701597871 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400002 PM 18097943 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, GL Asgharian, B Kimbell, JS Ultman, JS Jarabek, AM AF Ginsberg, Gary L. Asgharian, Bahman Kimbell, Julia S. Ultman, James S. Jarabek, Annie M. TI Modeling approaches for estimating the dosimetry of inhaled toxicants in children SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; RAT NASAL PASSAGES; HUMAN-LUNG; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE AB Risk assessment of inhaled toxicants has typically focused upon adults, with modeling used to extrapolate dosimetry and risks from lab animals to humans. However, behavioral factors such as time spent playing outdoors may lead to more exposure to inhaled toxicants in children. Depending on the inhaled agent and the age and size of the child, children may receive a greater internal dose than adults because of greater ventilation rate per body weight or lung surface area, or metabolic differences may result in different tissue burdens. Thus, modeling techniques need to be adapted to children in order to estimate inhaled dose and risk in this potentially susceptible life stage. This paper summarizes a series of inhalation dosimetry presentations from the U.S. EPA's Workshop on Inhalation Risk Assessment in Children held on June 8-9, 2006 in Washington, DC. These presentations demonstrate how existing default models for particles and gases may be adapted for children, and how more advanced modeling of toxicant deposition and interaction in respiratory airways takes into account children's anatomy and physiology. These modeling efforts identify child-adult dosimetry differences in respiratory tract regions that may have implications for children's vulnerability to inhaled toxicants. A decision framework is discussed that considers these different approaches and modeling structures including assessment of parameter values, supporting data, reliability, and selection of dose metrics. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Asgharian, Bahman; Kimbell, Julia S.] Hammer Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ultman, James S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ginsberg, GL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, 410 Capitol Ave,Mail Stop 11 CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 124 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 166 EP 195 DI 10.1080/15287390701597889 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400003 PM 18097944 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Plopper, CG Gilmour, MI Conolly, RB Foos, BSP AF Selgrade, MaryJane K. Plopper, Charles G. Gilmour, M. Ian Conolly, Rory B. Foos, Brenda S. P. TI Assessing the health effects and risks associated with children's inhalation exposures - Asthma and allergy SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HOUSE-DUST MITE; INFANT RHESUS-MONKEYS; MESENCHYMAL TROPHIC UNIT; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE ZONE; AIR-POLLUTION; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; OZONE INHALATION; SENSITIZATION; RATS; RESPONSES AB Adults and children may have different reactions to inhalation exposures due to differences in target tissue doses following similar exposures, and/or different stages in lung growth and development. In the case of asthma and allergy both the developing immune system and initial encounters with common allergens contribute to this differential susceptibility. Asthma, the most common chronic childhood disease, has significant public health impacts and is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, reversible airflow obstruction, and immune sensitization to allergens. Animal studies described here suggest that air pollutants exacerbate asthma symptoms and may also play a role in disease induction. Changes characteristic of asthma were observed in rhesus monkeys sensitized to house dust mite antigen (HDMA) as infants and exposed repeatedly thereafter to ozone (O-3) and HDMA. O-3 exposure compromised airway growth and development and exacerbated the allergen response to favor intermittent airway obstruction and wheeze. In Brown Norway rats a variety of air pollutants enhanced sensitization to HDMA such that symptoms elicited in response to subsequent allergen challenge were more severe. Although useful for assessing air pollutants effects on initial sensitization, the rodent immune system is immature at birth relative to humans, making this model less useful for studying differential effects between adults and children. Because computational models available to address children's inhalation exposures are limited, default adjustments and their associated uncertainty will continue to be used in children's inhalation risk assessment. Because asthma is a complex (multiple genes, phenotypes, organ systems) disease, this area is ripe for systems biology approaches. C1 [Selgrade, MaryJane K.; Plopper, Charles G.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Selgrade, MaryJane K.; Gilmour, M. Ian] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Resp Dis Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Foos, Brenda S. P.] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD-B14301, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00628] NR 63 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1080/15287390701597897 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400004 PM 18097945 ER PT J AU Firestone, M Sonawane, B Barone, S Salmon, AG Brown, JP Hattis, D Woodruff, T AF Firestone, Michael Sonawane, Babasaheb Barone, Stanley, Jr. Salmon, Andrew G. Brown, Joseph P. Hattis, Dale Woodruff, Tracey TI Potential new approaches for children's inhalation risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; FLUX PREDICTIONS; VARIABILITY; DOSIMETRY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; METHACHOLINE; FRAMEWORK AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) practice of risk assessment is moving toward more thoroughly considering children's unique susceptibilities and exposure potential. Childhood is assessed as a sequence of life stages that reflects the fact that as humans develop, windows of susceptibility may appear that lead to enhanced sensitivity to exposure of environmental agents, while changes in behavior and physiology may increase exposure and dose. The U.S. EPA developed guidance in the past few years that addresses some aspects of increased susceptibility and exposure and dose. However, when it comes to considering inhalation exposure, dose, and risk, current U.S. EPA practice does not explicitly address children. The purpose here is to begin studying the adequacy of practice for children's health and to explore possible next steps in developing new methods to more accurately assess life-stage-specific differences. The existing guidelines and policies used to address potentially unique susceptibilities of children for inhaled environmental chemicals were considered, as well as what may be learned from examples of approaches that have been applied by state agencies (such as the California Environmental Protection Agency) or in the literature, to incorporate potentially unique susceptibilities and exposures to children. Finally, there is a discussion of possible approaches for considering inhalation exposure and susceptibility in U.S. EPA risk assessments. C1 [Firestone, Michael] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sonawane, Babasaheb; Barone, Stanley, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Salmon, Andrew G.; Brown, Joseph P.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Firestone, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Mail Code 1107A,Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM firestone.michael@epa.gov NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1080/15287390701597905 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400005 PM 18097946 ER PT J AU Bennett, WD Zeman, KL Jarabek, AM AF Bennett, William D. Zeman, Kirby L. Jarabek, Annie M. TI Nasal contribution to breathing and fine particle deposition in children versus adults SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HALF-MICRON AEROSOLS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; INHALED PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; BODY-SIZE; VENTILATION; EXERCISE; NOSE; RESISTANCE; RACE AB Both the route of breathing, nasal versus oral, and the effectiveness of the nose to filter inhaled, fine particles may differ between children and adults. This study compared (1) the nasal contribution to breathing at rest and during mild to moderate exercise in children (age 6-10 yr) versus young adults and (2) the nasal deposition efficiency (NDE) of fine particles (1 and 2 m MMAD, GSD 1.2) under resting and light exercise breathing conditions in the same children and adults. Nasal contribution to breathing was assessed by respiratory inductance plethysmography and a nasal mask with flow meter during incremental exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Fine particle deposition fractions for nasal and oral breathing were assessed by inhalation of monodisperse carnauba wax particles and laser photometry to determine inhaled/exhaled concentrations. There was a trend for children to have a lesser nasal contribution to breathing at rest and during exercise, but the differences from adults were not statistically significant. Children did, however, have significantly decreased NDE for 2-m particles under light exercise breathing conditions compared to adults, suggesting less efficient nasal filtering for larger particles and higher flow conditions. These results suggest that the lungs of children may be exposed to higher concentrations of inhaled, ambient particles than adults. C1 [Bennett, William D.; Zeman, Kirby L.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bennett, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM William_Bennett@med.unc.edu NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1080/15287390701598200 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400007 PM 18097948 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Schwartz, J AF Bateson, Thomas F. Schwartz, Joel TI Children's response to air pollutants SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; POSTNEONATAL INFANT-MORTALITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHILDREN; CHRONIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; PARTICULATE MATTER; LUNG-FUNCTION; AMERICAN CHILDREN AB It is important to focus on children with respect to air pollution because (1) their lungs are not completely developed, (2) they can have greater exposures than adults, and (3) those exposures can deliver higher doses of different composition that may remain in the lung for greater duration. The undeveloped lung is more vulnerable to assault and less able to fully repair itself when injury disrupts morphogenesis. Children spend more time outside, where concentrations of combustion-generated air pollution are generally higher. Children have higher baseline ventilation rates and are more physically active than adults, thus exposing their lungs to more air pollution. Nasal breathing in adults reduces some pollution concentrations, but children are more typically mouth-breathers - suggesting that the composition of the exposure mixture at the alveolar level may be different. Finally, higher ventilation rates and mouth-breathing may pull air pollutants deeper into children's lungs, thereby making clearance slower and more difficult. Children also have immature immune systems, which plays a significant role in asthma. The observed consequences of early life exposure to adverse levels of air pollutants include diminished lung function and increased susceptibility to acute respiratory illness and asthma. Exposure to diesel exhaust, in particular, is an area of concern for multiple endpoints, and deserves further research. C1 [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, NCEA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov NR 83 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15287390701598234 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400008 PM 18097949 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Grafstrom, RC AF Thompson, Chad M. Grafstrom, Roland C. TI Mechanistic considerations for formaldehyde-induced bronchoconstriction involving S-nitrosoglutathione reductase SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; ASTHMA; NITROSOTHIOLS; EXPOSURE; ETHANOL; BRONCHODILATOR AB Inhalation of formaldehyde vapor has long been suspected of producing airway pathophysiology such as asthma and hyperresponsivity, presumably via irritant mechanisms. Recent studies on asthma and airway biology implicate changes in nitric oxide (NO) disposition in the adverse effects of formaldehyde, principally because enzymatic reduction of the endogenous bronchodilator S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is dependent upon GSNO reductase (formally designated as alcohol dehydrogenase-3, ADH3), which also serves as the primary enzyme for cellular detoxification of formaldehyde. Considering recent evidence that regulation of bronchodilators like GSNO might play a more important role in asthma than inflammation per se, formaldehyde also needs to be considered as influencing ADH3-mediated GSNO catabolism. This is due to changes in ADH3 cofactors and thiol redox state among several potential mechanisms. Data suggest that deregulation of GSNO turnover provides a plausible, enzymatically based mechanism by which formaldehyde might exacerbate asthma and induce bronchoconstriction. C1 [Grafstrom, Roland C.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Thompson, Chad M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grafstrom, RC (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM roland.grafstrom@ki.se RI Grafstrom, Roland/N-7217-2016 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1080/15287390701598259 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AA UT WOS:000252341400009 PM 18097950 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Benignus, V Eklund, C Highfill, JW Oshiro, WM Samsam, TE Bushnell, PJ AF Kenyon, Elaina M. Benignus, Vernon Eklund, Christopher Highfill, Jerry W. Oshiro, Wendy M. Samsam, Tracey E. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Modeling the toxicokinetics of inhaled toluene in rats: Influence of physical activity and feeding status SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DETECTION BEHAVIOR; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; BLOOD-FLOW; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INHALATION; PARAMETERS; EXERCISE AB Toluene is found in petroleum-based fuels and used as a solvent in consumer products and industrial applications. The critical effects following inhalation exposure involve the brain and nervous system in both humans and experimental animals, whether exposure duration is acute or chronic. The goals of this physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model development effort were twofold: (1) to evaluate and explain the influence of feeding status and activity level on toluene pharmacokinetics utilizing our own data from toluene-exposed Long Evans (LE) rats, and (2) to evaluate the ability of the model to simulate data from the published literature and explain differing toluene kinetics. Compartments in the model were lung, slowly and rapidly perfused tissue groups, fat, liver, gut, and brain; tissue transport was blood-flow limited and metabolism occurred in the liver. Chemical-specific parameters and initial organ volumes and blood flow rates were obtained from the literature. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the single most influential parameter for our experimental conditions was alveolar ventilation; other moderately influential parameters (depending upon concentration) included cardiac output, rate of metabolism, and blood flow to fat. Based on both literature review and sensitivity analysis, other parameters (e.g., partition coefficients and metabolic rate parameters) were either well defined (multiple consistent experimental results with low variability) or relatively noninfluential (e.g. organ volumes). Rats that were weight-maintained compared to free-fed rats in our studies could be modeled with a single set of parameters because feeding status did not have a significant impact on toluene pharmacokinetics. Heart rate (HR) measurements in rats performing a lever-pressing task indicated that the HR increased in proportion to task intensity. For rats acclimated to eating in the lab during the day, both sedentary rats and rats performing the lever-pressing task required different alveolar ventilation rates to successfully predict the data. Model evaluation using data from diverse sources together with statistical evaluation of the resulting fits revealed that the model appropriately predicted blood and brain toluene concentrations with some minor exceptions. These results (1) emphasize the importance of experimental conditions and physiological status in explaining differing kinetic data, and (2) demonstrate the need to consider simulation conditions when estimating internal dose metrics for toxicity studies in which kinetic data were not collected. C1 [Kenyon, Elaina M.; Eklund, Christopher; Highfill, Jerry W.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benignus, Vernon] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oshiro, Wendy M.; Samsam, Tracey E.; Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kenyon.elaina@epa.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 4 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.1080/15287390701528363 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 264DH UT WOS:000253265200001 PM 18253891 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Copeland, CB Luebke, RW AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Copeland, Carey B. Luebke, Robert W. TI An organotin mixture found in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is not immunotoxic to adult sprague-dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DI-NORMAL-OCTYLTINDICHLORIDE; THYMUS-DEPENDENT IMMUNITY; DRINKING-WATER; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; HEPATOTOXICITY; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; YOUNG AB Organotin compounds used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe production are of concern to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because they leach from supply pipes into drinking water and are reported multisystem toxicants. Immune function was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the mixture of organotins used in PVC pipe production. Although several of these organotins are reported immunotoxicants, their immunotoxicity as a mixture when given by drinking water has not been evaluated. Adult male rats were given drinking water for 28 d containing a mixture of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC), dimethyltin dichloride (DMTC), monobutyltin trichloride (MBT), and monomethyltin trichloride (MMT) in a 2:2:1:1 ratio, respectively, at 3 different concentrations (5:5:2.5:2.5, 10:10:5:5, or 20:20:10:10 mg organotin/L), MMT alone (20 or 40 mg MMT/L), or plain water as a control. Delayed-type hypersensitivity, antibody synthesis, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were evaluated in separate endpoint groups (n = 8/dose; 24/endpoint) immediately after exposure ended. The evaluated immune functions were not affected by the mixture or by MMT alone. Our data suggest that immunotoxicity is unlikely to result from the concentration of organotins present in drinking water delivered via PVC pipes, as the concentrations used were several orders of magnitude higher than those expected to leach from PVC pipes. C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Copeland, Carey B.; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, MDB143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epa.gov OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 4 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1080/15287390701613025 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 264DH UT WOS:000253265200003 PM 18253893 ER PT J AU McLean, B Barton, J AF McLean, Brian Barton, Jane TI US-Canada cooperation: The US-Canada Air Quality Agreement SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article AB The impetus for the Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement was transboundary acid rain in eastern North America. This problem drove the parties to develop a bilateral agreement that not only addressed this issue, but also set up a broad and flexible framework to address other air quality problems. In 2000, the Ozone Annex to reduce smog and its precursor pollutants was negotiated. A transboundary particulate matter (PM) science assessment in 2004 led to the commencement of negotiation of a PM annex in late 2007. Over the course of 15 yr, Canada and the United States also developed innovative cooperative arrangements. Two transboundary airshed dialogues became important sources of practical on-the-ground cooperation in the Georgia Basin-Puget Sound and the Great Lakes Basin. In addition to providing the basis for ongoing international dialogue, these transboundary airshed projects resulted in changes to administrative practices as the parties exchange information and learn from each other in ways that benefit the airshed community. The nature of the Air Quality Agreement also enabled both Canada and the United States to address concerns each has had about specific pollutant sources and to address them in ways that avoided confrontation and resulted in air quality improvements for people living in the airsheds. Case studies of three of the "informal consultations" that have occurred under the agreement are described: where discussions occurred around a power plant in Michigan, a power plant in Saskatchewan, and a steel mill in Ontario. More than an agreement, this relationship has built a capacity to deal with common problems. Fostering such a relationship with its implicit transfer of knowledge and experience has opened doors for discussions on a new Clean Air framework in Canada and joint analyses of cross-border sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO,) emissions caps and trading. U.S. experience with cap and trading is highlighted for background and context. The flexibility inherent in the agreement provides a platform for future air quality issues and continued communication without borders. C1 [McLean, Brian] US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Barton, Jane] Environm Canada, N Amer Smog Program Unit Retired, Air Pollut Prevent Directorate, Gatineau, ON, Canada. RP McLean, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, 1200 Penn Ave,6204J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mclean.brian@epa.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 9-10 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.1080/15287390801997567 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 315NN UT WOS:000256886800004 PM 18569627 ER PT J AU Tsuchiya, A Hinners, TA Burbacher, TM Faustman, EM Marien, K AF Tsuchiya, Ami Hinners, Thomas A. Burbacher, Thomas M. Faustman, Elaine M. Marien, Koenraad TI Mercury exposure from fish consumption within the Japanese and Korean communities SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CORD BLOOD; HAIR MERCURY; SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION; INORGANIC MERCURY; CHILDBEARING AGE AB Public health guidance pertaining to fish consumption requires that we be cognizant of the health concerns associated with eating contaminated fish and the nutritional benefits obtained from fish consumption. In doing so, a need exists for an improved understanding of the extent of contamination within various fish species consumed by populations of concern and the extent of exposure to contamination by these populations. As part of the Arsenic Mercury Intake Biometric Study involving the Japanese and Korean communities, it was possible to obtain fish intake data, determine mercury (Hg) fish tissue concentrations for various species consumed, and examine hair for Hg levels of study participants. This longitudinal study (n=214) included 106 Japanese and 108 Korean women of childbearing age. Hair Hg levels for the two populations and weight-normalized, species-specific, individual-consumption pattern data that estimated Hg intake levels were compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) data. Sensitivity analyses and population-specific probabilistic assessments of exposure were conducted. The estimated Hg intake levels for the Japanese (0.09 mg/kg/d) and Koreans (0.05 mg/kg/d) were above the NHANES estimates (0.02 mg/kg/d), as were the hair Hg levels (1.23, 0.61, 0.2 ppm, respectively). Results indicate that (1) there are significant differences between the fish-species-consumption behavior of these two populations; (2) even when fish-consumption rates are equal between two populations, Hg intakes between them can vary significantly; and (3) these population and Hg intake differences present public health challenges when attempting to provide fish consumption guidance. C1 [Tsuchiya, Ami; Burbacher, Thomas M.; Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tsuchiya, Ami; Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hinners, Thomas A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Marien, Koenraad] Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. RP Marien, K (reprint author), Off Environm Hlth Assessments, Dept Hlth, POB 47846, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM koenraad@doh.wa.gov OI Faustman, Elaine/0000-0002-3085-6403 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012762] NR 97 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 15 BP 1019 EP 1031 DI 10.1080/01932690801934612 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 316IJ UT WOS:000256942500006 PM 18569611 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AB Daniel, FB Wong, DM George, MH AF DeAngelo, Anthony B. Daniel, F. Bernard Wong, Diana M. George, Michael H. TI The induction of hepatocellular neoplasia by trichloroacetic acid administered in the drinking water of the male B6C3F1 mouse SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HALOGENATED ACETIC-ACIDS; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; PPAR-ALPHA; LIVER; MICE; RATS; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; PROLIFERATION; MUTAGENICITY AB The prevalence (percent of animals with a tumor) and multiplicity (number of tumors per animal) of hepatocellular neoplasia in the male B6C3F1 mouse exposed to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the drinking water were determined. Male mice were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, and 5 g/L TCA for 60 wk (Study 1), to 4.5 g/L TCA for 104 wk (Study 2) and to 0.05 and 0.5 g/L TCA for 104 wk (Study 3). Time-weighted mean daily doses measured for the low, medium, and high dose groups were consistent over the three studies, 6-8, 58-68, and 572-602 mg/kg-d for the 0.05, 0.5, and the 4.5-5 g/L treatment groups, respectively. No significant changes in animal survival were noted across the studies. A significant increase in the prevalence and multiplicity of hepatocellular tumors was found in the 58-68 and 572-602 mg/kg/d TCA dose groups. Nonhepatoproliferative changes (cytoplasmic alterations, inflammation, and necrosis) in mice treated with TCA were mild and dose related. A TCA-induced increase in liver palmitoyl CoA oxidase activity, a marker of peroxisome proliferation, correlated with tumor induction. A linear association was found between peroxisome proliferation and tumor induction. Sporadic increases in the labeling index of nuclei outside of proliferative lesions were observed at carcinogenic doses throughout the studies. Given that there are no compelling data demonstrating genotoxic activity of either TCA or any metabolite, data are consistent with an epigenetic mode of action. The studies provide dose-response data on the development of hepatocellular neoplasia in male mice over a lifetime exposure to TCA. A no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) of 6 mg/kg/d was calculated for neoplastic and nonproliferative liver pathology. C1 [DeAngelo, Anthony B.; George, Michael H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Daniel, F. Bernard] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Wong, Diana M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, IRIS Program, Washington, DC USA. RP DeAngelo, AB (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM deangelo.anthony@epa.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 16 BP 1056 EP 1068 DI 10.1080/15287390802111952 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 317OQ UT WOS:000257029900002 PM 18569617 ER PT J AU Simmons, JE Richardson, SD Teuschler, LK Miltner, RJ Speth, TF Schenck, KM Hunter, ES Rice, G AF Simmons, Jane Ellen Richardson, Susan D. Teuschler, Linda K. Miltner, Richard J. Speth, Thomas F. Schenck, Kathleen M. Hunter, E. Sidney, III Rice, Glenn TI Research issues underlying the four-lab study: Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLIES; DRINKING-WATER; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BLADDER-CANCER; PREGNANCY LOSS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK; TRIHALOMETHANES AB Chemical disinfection of drinking water is a major public health triumph of the 20th century, resulting in significant decreases in morbidity and mortality from waterborne diseases. Disinfection by-products (DBP) are chemicals formed by the reaction of oxidizing disinfectants with inorganic and organic materials in the source water. To address potential health concerns that cannot be answered directly by toxicological research on individual DBPs or defined DBP mixtures, scientists residing within the various organizations of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development (the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, the National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the National Center for Environmental Assessment) engaged in joint investigation of environmentally realistic complex mixtures of DBP. Research on complex mixtures of DBP is motivated by three factors: (a) DBP exposure is ubiquitous to all segments of the population; (b) some positive epidemiologic studies are suggestive of potential developmental, reproductive, or carcinogenic health effects in humans exposed to DBP; and (c) significant amounts of the material that makes up the total organic halide portion of the DBP have not been identified. The goal of the Integrated Disinfection Byproducts Mixtures Research Project (the 4Lab Study) is provision of sound, defensible, experimental data on environmentally relevant mixtures of DBP and an improved estimation of the potential health risks associated with exposure to the mixtures of DBP formed during disinfection of drinking water. A phased research plan was developed and implemented. The present series of articles provides the results from the first series of experiments. C1 [Simmons, Jane Ellen; Hunter, E. Sidney, III] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Richardson, Susan D.; Rice, Glenn] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Teuschler, Linda K.] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miltner, Richard J.; Speth, Thomas F.; Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Simmons, JE (reprint author), Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM Simmons.Jane@epa.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1080/15287390802181906 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200001 PM 18636387 ER PT J AU Miltner, RJ Speth, TF Richardson, SD Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS Simmons, JE AF Miltner, Richard J. Speth, Thomas F. Richardson, Susan D. Krasner, Stuart W. Weinberg, Howard S. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Disinfection of drinking waters by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination treatment scenarios SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID OZONATION; ION; TRIHALOMETHANES; BROMATE; OZONE AB This article describes disinfection of the same source water by two commonly used disinfection treatment scenarios for purposes of subsequent concentration, chemical analysis, and toxicological evaluation. Accompanying articles in this issue of the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health describe concentration of these finished waters by reverse osmosis techniques, chemical characterization of the resulting disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrates, in vivo and in vitro toxicological results, and risk assessment methods developed to analyze data from this project. This project, called the "Four Lab Study," involved participation of scientists from four laboratories/centers of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development as well as extramural collaborators from the water industry and academia. One of the two finished waters was prepared by conventional treatment and disinfected by chlorination. The other finished water was also prepared by conventional treatment and disinfected by ozonation followed by chlorination (ozonation/postchlorination). Chlorination conditions of dose, time and temperature were similar for both treatment scenarios, allowing for a comparison. Both finished waters had acceptably low levels of particulates and bacteria, representative pH and chlorine levels, and contained numerous DBP. Known effects of ozonation were observed in that, relative to the water that was chlorinated only, the ozonated/postchlorinated water had lower concentrations of total organic halogen, trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), and higher concentrations of bromate, and aldehydes. C1 [Miltner, Richard J.; Speth, Thomas F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Krasner, Stuart W.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. [Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Miltner, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 WML King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM miltner.richard@epa.gov NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1133 EP 1148 DI 10.1080/15287390802182060 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200002 PM 18636388 ER PT J AU Speth, TF Miltner, RJ Richardson, SD Simmons, JE AF Speth, Thomas F. Miltner, Richard J. Richardson, Susan D. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Concentration by reverse osmosis membrane techniques of disinfection by-products from water disinfected by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; ORGANIC-MATTER; IDENTIFICATION; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE AB To conduct the health-effect studies described in subsequent articles in this series, concentrated aqueous mixtures of disinfection by-products were required for the two water treatment trains described in the preceding article (Miltner et al., 2008). To accomplish this, the finished drinking waters from each treatment train were sent through cation-exchange resin columns to remove hardness and free chlorine. Reverse osmosis membranes were then used to concentrate approximately 2400 L of each finished water down to approximately 18 L. The resulting volumetric concentration factors for the chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated waters were 136- and 124-fold, respectively. The concentrates were spiked with select disinfection by-products (DBPs) that were lost during the concentration effort. The results, along with the rationale for choosing the method of concentration, are presented. After reintroduction of a select list of lost DBPs, the concentration methodology used herein was able to produce concentrates that retained large percentages of the DBPs that were in the initial finished drinking waters. Further, the distributions of the DBPs in the concentrates matched those found in the finished drinking waters. C1 [Speth, Thomas F.; Miltner, Richard J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Speth, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Speth.Thomas@epa.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1149 EP 1164 DI 10.1080/15287390802182219 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200003 PM 18636389 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS Miltner, RJ Schenck, KM Narotsky, MG McKague, AB Simmons, JE AF Richardson, Susan D. Thruston, Alfred D., Jr. Krasner, Stuart W. Weinberg, Howard S. Miltner, Richard J. Schenck, Kathleen M. Narotsky, Michael G. McKague, A. Bruce Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Comprehensive characterization of water concentrates prepared from chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; IDENTIFICATION; TRIHALOMETHANES; DEFECTS; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; TERATOLOGY; SUPPLIES; EXPOSURE AB This article describes the disinfection by-product (DBP) characterization portion of a series of experiments designed for comprehensive chemical and toxicological evaluation of two drinking-water concentrates containing highly complex mixtures of DBPs. This project, called the Four Lab Study, involved the participation of scientists from four laboratories and centers of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development, along with collaborators from the water industry and academia, and addressed toxicologic effects of complex DBP mixtures, with an emphasis on reproductive and developmental effects that are associated with DBP exposures in epidemiologic studies. Complex mixtures of DBPs from two different disinfection schemes (chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination) were concentrated successfully, while maintaining a water matrix suitable for animal studies. An array of chlorinated/brominated/iodinated DBPs was created. The DBPs were relatively stable over the course of the animal experiments, and a significant portion of the halogenated DBPs formed in the drinking water was accounted for through a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative identification approach. DBPs quantified included priority DBPs that are not regulated but have been predicted to produce adverse health effects, as well as those currently regulated in the United States and those targeted during implementation of the Information Collection Rule. New by-products were also reported for the first time. These included previously undetected and unreported bromo- and chloroacids, iodinated compounds, bromo- and iodophenols, and bromoalkyltins. C1 [Richardson, Susan D.; Thruston, Alfred D., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Krasner, Stuart W.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. [Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Miltner, Richard J.; Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Narotsky, Michael G.; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McKague, A. Bruce] CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 52 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1165 EP 1186 DI 10.1080/15287390802182417 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200004 PM 18636390 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD Pegram, R Schenck, KM Simmons, JE Warren, SH AF Claxton, Larry D. Pegram, Rex Schenck, Kathleen M. Simmons, Jane Ellen Warren, Sarah H. TI Integrated disinfection by-products research: Salmonella mutagenicity of water concentrates disinfected by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; TEST AMES-TEST; DRINKING-WATER; MUTATION SPECTRA; RIVER WATER; GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AZO-DYES; ASSAY; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE AB Although chemical disinfection of drinking water is a highly protective public health practice, the disinfection process is known to produce toxic contaminants. Epidemiological studies associate chlorinated drinking water with quantitatively increased risks of rectal, kidney, and bladder cancer. One study found a significant exposure-response association between water mutagenicity and relative risk for bladder and kidney cancer. A number of studies found that several types of disinfection processes increase the level of mutagens detected by the Salmonella assay. As part of a comprehensive study to examine chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water for toxicological contaminants, the Salmonella mutagenicity assay was used to screen both volatile and nonvolatile organic components. The assay also compared the use of reverse osmosis and XAD resin procedures for concentrating the nonvolatile components. Companion papers provide the results from other toxicological assays and chemical analysis of the drinking water samples. The volatile components of the ozonated/postchlorinated and chlorinated water samples and a trihalomethane mixture were mutagenic to a Salmonella tester strain transfected with a rat theta-class glutathione S-transferase and predominantly nonmutagenic in the control strain. In this study, the nonvolatile XAD concentrate of the untreated water possessed a low level of mutagenic activity. However, compared to the levels of mutagenicity in the finished water XAD concentrates, the contribution from the settled source water was minimal. The mutagenicity seen in the reverse osmosis concentrates was < 50% of that seen in the XAD concentrates. Overall, mutagenic responses were similar to those observed in other North American studies and provide evidence that the pilot plant produced disinfection by-products similar to that seen in other studies. C1 [Claxton, Larry D.; Warren, Sarah H.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pegram, Rex; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Mail Drop B143-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1080/15287390802182508 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200005 PM 18636391 ER PT J AU Crosby, LM Simmons, JE Ward, WO Moore, TM Morgan, KT DeAngelo, AB AF Crosby, Lynn M. Simmons, Jane Ellen Ward, William O. Moore, Tanya M. Morgan, Kevin T. DeAngelo, Anthony B. TI Integrated disinfection by-products (DBP) mixtures research: Gene expression alterations in primary rat hepatocyte cultures exposed to DBP mixtures formed by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; DRINKING-WATER; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; F344/N RATS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; CHLORAL HYDRATE; INDUCTION; CELLS; CARCINOGENICITY AB Large-scale differential gene expression analysis was used to examine the biological effects of disinfected surface waters on cultured rat hepatocytes. Source water from East Fork Lake (Harsha Lake), a reservoir on the Little Miami River in Ohio, was spiked with iodide and bromide and disinfected by chlorination or ozonation/postchlorination. The chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated waters were concentrated, respectively, 136- and 124-fold (full strength) by reverse-osmosis membrane techniques. Volatile disinfection by-products (DBP) lost during concentration were restored to the extent possible. Primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to either full-strength or 1: 10 or 1: 20 dilutions of the concentrates for 24 h and assayed for cytotoxicity and gene expression alterations. The full-strength concentrates were cytotoxic, whereas the diluted samples exhibited no detectable cytotoxicity. Differential gene expression analysis provided evidence for the underlying causes of the severe cytotoxicity observed in rat hepatocytes treated with the full-strength ozonation/postchlorination concentrate (e. g., cell cycle arrest, metabolic stasis, oxidative stress). Many gene expression responses were shared among the hepatocyte cultures treated with dilutions of the ozonation/postchlorination and chlorination concentrates. The shift in the character of the response between the full-strength concentrates and the diluted samples indicated a threshold for toxicity. A small subset of gene expression changes was identified that was observed in the response of hepatocytes to peroxisome proliferators, phthalate esters, and haloacetic acids, suggesting a peroxisome proliferative response. C1 [Crosby, Lynn M.; Simmons, Jane Ellen; Ward, William O.; Moore, Tanya M.; DeAngelo, Anthony B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Crosby, Lynn M.] Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Chapel Hill Cooperat Training Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Morgan, Kevin T.] Sanofi Aventis, Drug Safety Evaluat, Bridgewater, NJ USA. RP DeAngelo, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM deangelo.anthony@epa.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1195 EP 1215 DI 10.1080/15287390802182581 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200006 PM 18636392 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Best, DS Rogers, EH McDonald, A Sey, YM Simmons, JE AF Narotsky, Michael G. Best, Deborah S. Rogers, Ellen H. McDonald, Anthony Sey, Yusupha M. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Assessment of developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to concentrates of water disinfected by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL DRINKING-WATER; INDUCED PREGNANCY LOSS; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE BDCM; REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; FISCHER-344 RATS; RISK AB Epidemiological and animal toxicity studies have raised concerns regarding possible adverse health effects of disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in drinking water. The classes and concentrations of DBPs are influenced by the choice of disinfection process (e. g., chlorination, ozonation) as well as source water characteristics (e. g., pH, total organic carbon, bromide content). Disinfected waters were found to contain more than 500 compounds, many of which remain unidentified. Therefore, a "whole- mixture" approach was used to evaluate the toxic potential of alternative disinfection scenarios. An in vivo developmental toxicity screen was used to evaluate the adverse developmental effects of the complex mixtures produced by two different disinfection processes. Water was obtained from East Fork Lake, Ohio; spiked with iodide and bromide; and disinfected either by chlorination or by ozonation/postchlorination, producing finished drinking water suitable for human consumption. These waters were concentrated approximately 130-fold by reverse osmosis membrane techniques. To the extent possible, volatile DBPs lost in the concentration process were spiked back into the concentrates. These concentrates were then provided as drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation days 6-16; controls received boiled, distilled, deionized water. The dams (19-20 per group) were allowed to deliver and their litters were examined on postnatal days (PD) 1 and 6. All dams delivered normally, with parturition occurring significantly earlier in the ozonation/postchlorination group. However, no effects on prenatal survival, postnatal survival, or pup weight were evident. Skeletal examination of the PD-6 pups also revealed no treatment effects. Thus, similar to 130-fold higher concentrates of both ozonated/postchlorinated and chlorinated water appeared to exert no adverse developmental effects in this study. C1 [Narotsky, Michael G.; Best, Deborah S.; Rogers, Ellen H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McDonald, Anthony; Sey, Yusupha M.; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Narotsky, MG (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM narotsky.michael@epa.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1216 EP 1221 DI 10.1080/15287390802182623 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200007 PM 18636393 ER PT J AU Rice, G Teuschler, LK Speth, TF Richardson, SD Miltner, RJ Schenck, KM Gennings, C Hunter, ES Narotsky, MG Simmons, JE AF Rice, Glenn Teuschler, Linda K. Speth, Thomas F. Richardson, Susan D. Miltner, Richard J. Schenck, Kathleen M. Gennings, Chris Hunter, E. Sidney, III Narotsky, Michael G. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Integrated disinfection by-products research: Assessing reproductive and developmental risks posed by complex disinfection by-product mixtures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; DRINKING-WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; CHLOROFORM; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB This article presents a toxicologically-based risk assessment strategy for identifying the individual components or fractions of a complex mixture that are associated with its toxicity. The strategy relies on conventional component-based mixtures risk approaches such as dose addition, response addition, and analyses of interactions. Developmental toxicity data from two drinking-water concentrates containing disinfection by-products (DBP) mixtures were used to illustrate the strategy. The results of this study showed that future studies of DBP concentrates using the Chernoff-Kavlock bioassay need to consider evaluating DBP that are concentrated more than 130-fold and using a rat strain that is more sensitive to chemically-induced pregnancy loss than Sprague-Dawley rats. The results support the planned experimental design of a multigeneration reproductive and developmental study of DBP concentrates. Finally, this article discusses the need for a systematic evaluation of DBP concentrates obtained from multiple source waters and treatment types. The development of such a database could be useful in evaluating whether a specific DBP concentrate is sufficiently similar to tested combinations of source waters and treatment alternatives so that health risks for the former may be estimated using data on the latter. C1 [Rice, Glenn; Teuschler, Linda K.; Speth, Thomas F.; Miltner, Richard J.; Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Gennings, Chris] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. [Hunter, E. Sidney, III; Narotsky, Michael G.; Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.glenn@epa.gov NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 17 BP 1222 EP 1234 DI 10.1080/15287390802182649 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335CK UT WOS:000258268200008 PM 18636394 ER PT J AU Willson, PJ Khozani, TT Juurlink, BHJ Senthilselvan, A Rennie, DC Gerdts, V Gawaziuk, J Schneberger, D Burch, LH Dosman, JA AF Willson, P. J. Khozani, T. Talaei Juurlink, B. H. J. Senthilselvan, A. Rennie, D. C. Gerdts, V. Gawaziuk, J. Schneberger, D. Burch, Lauranell H. Dosman, J. A. TI In vitro production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide is positively correlated with increased blood monocytes after exposure to a swine barn SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG-FUNCTION; ORGANIC DUST; ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIAL; TLR4; VOLUNTEERS; ASTHMA; TNF AB Recently there has been interest in the air quality in and around intensive livestock production facilities, such as modern swine production barns, where agricultural workers and surrounding residents may be exposed to elevated levels of organic dusts. The health effects of these exposures are not completely understood. The study that is reported here is a component of a larger investigation of the relationships among the acute effects of high-concentration endotoxin exposure (swine barn dust), polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene, and respiratory outcomes following exposure to swine confinement buildings. The relationships among a mediator of acute lung inflammation, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and clinical responses to acute swine barn exposure were characterized. Analysis of the results showed that in vitro stimulation of human monocytes with as little as 1 ng/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced a significant increase in the monocytes that produced TNF-alpha. Although the proportion of TNF-alpha-positive monocytes after in vitro stimulation with 1 ng/ml of LPS was not associated with gender or TLR4 genotype, it was positively associated with the concentration of monocytes in blood after barn exposure. Thus, these two responses to different forms of LPS exposure are significantly correlated, and more responsive monocytes in vitro indicate a forthcoming relative monocytosis, post barn exposure, which may initiate a cascade of chronic inflammation. C1 [Willson, P. J.; Rennie, D. C.; Schneberger, D.; Dosman, J. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Canadian Ctr Hlth & Safety Agr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada. [Willson, P. J.; Gawaziuk, J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada. [Khozani, T. Talaei] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Shiraz, Iran. [Senthilselvan, A.] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Gerdts, V.; Gawaziuk, J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infect Dis Org, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada. [Burch, Lauranell H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dosman, JA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Canadian Ctr Hlth & Safety Agr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada. EM james.dosman@usask.ca OI Gawaziuk, Justin/0000-0002-0987-5909; talaei-khozani, tahereh/0000-0002-8425-8871 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-57907, STP-53906]; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support provided by Natasha Thiessen and Connie Wong for assistance with the immunocytochemistry. This study was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant MOP-57907) and the intramural research program at the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. J. Gawaziuk was supported by a graduate training fellowship from "Public Health and the Agricultural Rural Ecosystem (PHARE)" supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant STP-53906). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 21 BP 1401 EP 1406 DI 10.1080/15287390802241015 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 349WP UT WOS:000259314300001 PM 18800289 ER PT J AU Roy, TA Hammerstrom, K Schaum, J AF Roy, Timothy A. Hammerstrom, Karen Schaum, John TI Percutaneous Absorption of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-beta-dioxin (TCDD) from Soil SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-SKIN; DERMAL BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RHESUS-MONKEY; IN-VITRO; INVITRO; BENZOPYRENE; INVIVO; PCBS; RAT AB Eight dermal absorption experiments (two in vivo; six in vitro) and one intravenous experiment were conducted using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-beta-dioxin (TCDD) either neat (high dose at similar to 250 mg/cm(2) and low dose at 10 ng/cm(2)) or sorbed on a low organic soil (LOS) or high organic soil (HOS) at 1 ppm (10 ng TCDD/10 mg soil/cm(2)). After 96 h the percent of applied dose absorbed (PADA) for the neat low dose was 78% in vivo (rat) and 76% in vitro (rat). PADA for the equivalent TCDD dose sorbed on LOS were 16.3% (rat in vivo), 7.7% (rat in vitro) and 2.4% (human in vitro). The PADA for TCDD sorbed on HOS (1 ppm) was 1.0% (rat in vitro). Generally, rat skin was observed to be three to four times more permeable to TCDD than human skin. At steady state, the dermal flux of TCDD in neat form, sorbed on LOS at 1 ppm, and sorbed on HOS at 1 ppm (all in vitro, rat) was 120, 0.007, and 0.0007 ng/cm(2)/h, respectively (ratio = 1.7 x 10(5):10:1). Making adjustments to account for differences between in vitro and in vivo results and adjusting for application to monolayer loads, the 24-h TCDD absorption for human skin is estimated as 1.9% from LOS (1 ppm) and 0.24% from HOS (1 ppm). C1 [Hammerstrom, Karen; Schaum, John] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Roy, Timothy A.] Port Royal Res, Hilton Head Isl, SC USA. [Roy, Timothy A.] Univ S Carolina, Beaufort, SC USA. RP Schaum, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schaum.john@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors express their gratitude for the contributions of Joseph Yang and Andrew Krueger, who did much of the original laboratory work supporting this article. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The facility conducting the studies was fully accredited by the AAALAC (Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International). All protocols were reviewed and approved by the IACUC (Internal Animal Care and Use Committee) at the facility prior to the initiation of studies. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 23 BP 1509 EP 1515 DI 10.1080/15287390802349875 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 360VI UT WOS:000260085900001 PM 18923993 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ Barone, S Brown, RC Euling, SY Jinot, J Makris, S AF Guyton, Kathryn Z. Barone, Stanley, Jr. Brown, Rebecca C. Euling, Susan Y. Jinot, Jennifer Makris, Susan TI Mode of action frameworks: A critical analysis SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NONCANCER RISK ASSESSMENT; HUMAN RELEVANCE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; LIVER-TUMORS; CANCER-RISK; TOXICOLOGY; FUTURE; INFORMATION; INHIBITION; ASSESSMENTS AB Mode of action (MOA) information is increasingly being applied in human health risk assessment. The MOA can inform issues such as the relevance of observed effects in laboratory animals to humans, and the variability of response within the human population. Several collaborative groups have developed frameworks for analyzing and utilizing MOA information in human health risk assessment of environmental carcinogens and toxins, including the International Programme on Chemical Safety, International Life Sciences Institute, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. With the goal of identifying gaps and opportunities for progress, we critically evaluate several of these MOA frameworks. Despite continued improvement in incorporating biological data in human health risk assessment, several notable challenges remain. These include articulation of the significant role of scientific judgment in establishing an MOA and its relevance to humans. In addition, binary (yes/no) decisions can inappropriately exclude consideration of data that may nonetheless be informative to the overall assessment of risk. Indeed, the frameworks lack a broad consideration of known causes of human disease and the potential for chemical effects to act additively with these as well as endogenous background processes. No integrated analysis of the impact of multiple MOAs over the same dose range, or of varying MOAs at different life stages, is included. Separate consideration of each MOA and outcome limits understanding of how multiple metabolites, modes, and toxicity pathways contribute to the toxicological profile of the chemical. An extension of the analyses across outcomes with common modes is also needed. C1 [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Barone, Stanley, Jr.; Brown, Rebecca C.; Euling, Susan Y.; Jinot, Jennifer; Makris, Susan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assesment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Guyton, KZ (reprint author), 1200 Pennsylvania Avem,NW,Mail Code 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM guyton.kate@epa.gov NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 16 EP 31 DI 10.1080/10937400701600321 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AX UT WOS:000252343800002 PM 18176885 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Sonawane, B Barton, HA DeWoskin, RS Lipscomb, JC Schlosser, P Chiu, WA Krishnan, K AF Thompson, Chad M. Sonawane, Babasaheb Barton, Hugh A. DeWoskin, Robert S. Lipscomb, John C. Schlosser, Paul Chiu, Weihsueh A. Krishnan, Kannan TI Approaches for applications of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEXES; AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; NASAL TISSUE DOSIMETRY; DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL; CANCER-RISK; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are particularly useful for simulating exposures to environmental toxicants for which, unlike pharmaceuticals, there is often little or no human data available to estimate the internal dose of a putative toxic moiety in a target tissue or an appropriate surrogate. This article reviews the current state of knowledge and approaches for application of PBPK models in the process of deriving reference dose, reference concentration, and cancer risk estimates. Examples drawn from previous U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk assessments and human health risk assessments in peer-reviewed literature illustrate the ways and means of using PBPK models to quantify the pharmacokinetic component of the interspecies and intraspecies uncertainty factors as well as to conduct route to route, high dose to low dose and duration extrapolations. The choice of the appropriate dose metric is key to the use of the PBPK models for the various applications in risk assessment. Issues related to whether uncertainty factors are most appropriately applied before or after derivation of human equivalent dose (or concentration) continue to be explored. Scientific progress in the understanding of life stage and genetic differences in dosimetry and their impacts on variability in susceptibility, as well as ongoing development of analytical methods to characterize uncertainty in PBPK models, will make their use in risk assessment increasingly likely. As such, it is anticipated that when PBPK models are used to express adverse tissue responses in terms of the internal target tissue dose of the toxic moiety rather than the external concentration, the scientific basis of, and confidence in, risk assessments will be enhanced. C1 [Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, DSEST, Montreal, PQ H3T 1A8, Canada. [Thompson, Chad M.; Sonawane, Babasaheb; Schlosser, Paul; Chiu, Weihsueh A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [DeWoskin, Robert S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Interdisciplinaire Sante, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Krishnan, K (reprint author), Univ Montreal, DSEST, 2375 Chemin Cote Ste Catherine Room 4105, Montreal, PQ H3T 1A8, Canada. EM kannan.krishnan@umontreal.ca OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 NR 176 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 7 BP 519 EP 547 DI 10.1080/10937400701724337 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 319EL UT WOS:000257146800001 PM 18584453 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD AF Pleil, Joachim D. TI Role of exhaled breath biomarkers in environmental health science SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TUBE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; JET FUEL; GAS-EXCHANGE AB As a discipline of public health, environmental health science is the study of the linkage from environmental pollution sources to eventual adverse health outcome. This progression may be divided into two components, (1) exposure assessment, which deals with the source terms, environmental transport, human exposure routes, and internal dose, and (2) health effects, which deals with metabolism, cell damage, DNA changes, pathology, and onset of disease. The primary goal of understanding the linkage from source to health outcome is to provide the most effective and efficient environmental intervention methods to reduce health risk to the population. Biomarker measurements address an individual response to a common external environmental stressor. Biomarkers are substances within an individual and are subdivided into chemical markers, exogenous metabolites, endogenous response chemicals, and complex adducts (e.g., proteins, DNA). Standard biomarker measurements are performed in blood, urine, or other biological media such as adipose tissue and lavage fluid. In general, sample collection is invasive, requires medical personnel and a controlled environment, and generates infectious waste. Exploiting exhaled breath as an alternative or supplement to established biomarker measurements is attractive primarily because it allows a simpler collection procedure in the field for numerous individuals. Furthermore, because breath is a gas-phase matrix, volatile biomarkers become more readily accessible to analysis. This article describes successful environmental health applications of exhaled breath and proposes future research directions from the perspective of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) human exposure research. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,MDAB, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,MDAB, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. NR 170 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 613 EP 629 DI 10.1080/10937400701724329 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 354NM UT WOS:000259646300001 PM 18821421 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ Barone, S Brown, RC Euling, SY Jinot, J Makris, SL AF Guyton, Kathryn Z. Barone, Stanley, Jr. Brown, Rebecca C. Euling, Susan Y. Jinot, Jennifer Makris, Susan L. TI Re: Guyton,Kathryn Z., Barone,Stanley, Jr., Brown,Rebecca C., Euling,Susan Y., Jinot,Jennifer, Makris,Susan (2008). Mode of action frameworks: A critical analysis. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, part B, 11(1): 16-31 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; IARC EVALUATION; KEY ISSUES C1 [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Barone, Stanley, Jr.; Brown, Rebecca C.; Euling, Susan Y.; Jinot, Jennifer; Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Guyton, KZ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 684 EP 685 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 354NM UT WOS:000259646300006 ER PT J AU Gulson, B Mizon, K Taylor, A Korsch, M Stauber, J Davis, JM Louie, H Wu, M Antin, L AF Gulson, Brian Mizon, Karen Taylor, Alan Korsch, Michael Stauber, Jennifer Davis, J. Michael Louie, Honway Wu, Michael Antin, Luminita TI Longitudinal monitoring of selected elements in blood of healthy young children SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; SERUM ZINC; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXPOSURE; INFANTS; COPPER; LEVEL; ASSOCIATION AB There are limited data on essential nutrients in the whole blood of young children. As part of a longitudinal study of the impact on young children and the environment from the introduction of an organic Mn compund into unleaded gasoline in Australia. we have measured a suite of elements in whole blood. The children aged between 6 and 31 months at recruitment, have been monitored at 6-month intervals for up to 5 years. Blood samples were allalysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb. Mixed model analyses of 665 blood samples using backward elimination showed significant positive relationships between Ca, Mg and Zn and Season. variable relationships with time, but no association with gender or traffic exposure. The elements Ca, Mg and Zn showed higher concentrations in summer compared with winter, whereas Fe and Pb showed lower concentrations in summer compared with winter. Concentrations of all elements except Fe showed significant effects over time: Ca. Cu, Mg, Pb and Mn showed decreases over time, whereas Zn showed and increase. The mixed model analyses with the individual elements as the dependent variable showed some interesting relationships and requiere further follow-up as some of these appear to conflict with pre-existing concepts, though the multi-element data on which these concepts are based are limited. The variance for blood Pb and blood Mn arising form the other elements was small with 0.5% in the case of blood Pb and 3.7% for blood Mn. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Gulson, Brian; Mizon, Karen] Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Gulson, Brian; Korsch, Michael] CSIRO Explorat & Mining, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Taylor, Alan] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Stauber, Jennifer] CSIRO Energy Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Davis, J. Michael] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Louie, Honway; Wu, Michael; Antin, Luminita] Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Gulson, B (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009; Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2008.04.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 356XL UT WOS:000259810800005 PM 18755396 ER PT J AU Kopits, E Cropper, M AF Kopits, Elizabeth Cropper, Maureen TI Why have traffic fatalities declined in industrialised countries? Implications for pedestrians and vehicle occupants SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article ID SEAT-BELT LAWS; SAFETY REGULATION; BEHAVIOR AB This paper examines the relationship between traffic fatalities and income for vehicle occupants and pedestrians and investigates factors underlying the decline in fatalities per vehicle kilometre travelled (VKT) using panel data for 32 countries from 1963-2002. Results suggest the downward-sloping portion of the curve relating traffic fatalities per capita to per capita income is due primarily to improved pedestrian safety (Kopits and Cropper, 2005a). More detailed models shed light on factors influencing pedestrian fatalities/VKT but some of the long-term improvement remains unexplained. Declines in occupant fatalities/VKT are explained primarily by reductions in alcohol abuse, improved medical services, and fewer young drivers. C1 [Kopits, Elizabeth] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cropper, Maureen] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cropper, Maureen] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Kopits, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopits.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV BATH PI BATH PA JRNL OF TRANSPORT ECON & POL CLAVERTON DOWN, BATH BA2 7AY, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0022-5258 J9 J TRANSP ECON POLICY JI J. Transp. Econ. Policy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 BP 129 EP 154 PN 1 PG 26 WC Economics; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 259JF UT WOS:000252934900006 ER PT J AU Hinchey, EK Nicholson, MC Zajac, RN Irlandi, EA AF Hinchey, Elizabeth K. Nicholson, Matthew C. Zajac, Roman N. Irlandi, Elizabeth A. TI Marine and coastal applications in landscape ecology SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic landscapes habitat; fragmentation; landscape ecology; larval dispersal; marine coral reef reserves; polychaete species diversity; reef fish communities; seagrass landscape pattern; sediment metal concentrations ID ENVIRONMENT; PATTERN AB Landscape ecology traditionally has been limited to the study of terrestrial systems; however, the questions and methods defining the science are equally relevant for marine and coastal systems. The reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes and the overarching effect of scale on this relationship was being explored in some marine and coastal settings as the general discipline of landscape ecology was evolving throughout the latter two decades of the last century. As with all components of the biosphere, an understanding of these relationships is critical for successful management of marine and coastal systems. In these systems, widely dispersed field or ship-based observations and lack of broad scale data have historically precluded quantification of large-scale patterns and processes and hindered management efforts. However, relatively recent advances in geographic information systems, remote sensing and computer technologies have begun to address these issues and are now permitting assessments of pattern and process in oceans. The intent of this special issue is to highlight research that is adapting the tools of landscape ecology to answer ecological questions within marine and coastal systems, to address the unique challenges faced in these landscapes, and to stimulate an exchange of ideas and solutions to common problems. Inspiration for this special issue of Landscape Ecology began with a special session on "Marine and Coastal Applications in Landscape Ecology" that was held at the 19th Annual Symposium of the United States Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, March 31-April 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada. C1 [Hinchey, Elizabeth K.; Nicholson, Matthew C.] US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Zajac, Roman N.] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Grad Program Environm Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Irlandi, Elizabeth A.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Hinchey, EK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, 77 W Jackson Blvd G-17J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM hinchey.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9141-3 PG 5 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800001 ER PT J AU Hollister, JW August, PV Paul, JF AF Hollister, Jeffrey W. August, Peter V. Paul, John F. TI Effects of spatial extent on landscape structure and sediment metal concentration relationships in small estuarine systems of the United States' Mid-Atlantic Coast SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scale; estuarine condition; landscape composition; estuarine sediment metal concentrations; USEPA environmental monitoring and assessment program (EMAP); national land cover dataset (NLCD) ID ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LAND-COVER DATA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; TRACE-METALS; PATTERN; SCALE; ECOLOGY; CONTAMINATION AB Prior studies exploring the quantitative relationship between landscape structure metrics and the ecological condition of receiving waters have used a variety of sampling units (e.g., a watershed, or a buffer around a sampling station) at a variety of spatial scales to generate landscape metrics resulting in little consensus on which scales best describe land-water relationships. Additionally, the majority of these studies have focused on freshwater systems and it is not clear whether results are transferable to estuarine and marine systems. We examined how sampling unit scale controls the relationship between landscape structure and sediment metal concentrations, in small estuarine systems in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. We varied the spatial extent of the contributing watersheds used to calculate landscape structure and assessed linear relationships between estuarine sediment metal concentrations and the total area of developed and agricultural lands at each scale. Area of developed lands was consistently related to sediment metals while total agricultural land was not. Developed land had strongest associations with lead and copper; weakest with arsenic and chromium; and moderate associations with cadmium, mercury, and zinc. Local (i.e., less than 15-20 km from a sampling station) land uses have a greater impact than more distant land uses on the amount of toxic metals reaching estuarine sediments. C1 [Hollister, Jeffrey W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [August, Peter V.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paul, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hollister, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Hollister.Jeff@epa.gov OI Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9143-1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800008 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Park, MM Treadwell, EL Gilkeson, GS AF Parks, C. G. Cooper, G. S. Dooley, M. A. Park, M. M. Treadwell, E. L. Gilkeson, G. S. TI Childhood agricultural and adult occupational exposures to organic dusts in a population-based case-control study of systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; endotoxins; hygiene hypothesis; occupational exposure; livestock; epidemiology ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; RISK-FACTORS; EARLY-LIFE; ASTHMA; MICE; WORKERS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS AB Organic dust exposure can influence the development and symptoms of immune-related diseases such as atopy and asthma, but has rarely been examined in relation to systemic autoimmunity. The present analyses explore the association of lifetime farm and occupational organic dust exposures with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in recently diagnosed patients (n = 265) compared with controls (n = 355) frequency matched by age, sex and state. Questionnaire data included childhood farm residence, childhood and adult experience with specific crops, and adult work in textiles, hog or poultry processing and paper or furniture manufacture. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (0) were estimated by logistic regression models including age, sex, state, race, education and silica exposure. Overall childhood or adult farm contact and childhood farm residence were not associated with SLE. Farm contact with livestock was inversely associated with SLE (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.88). This effect was most pronounced among those with childhood farm residence and both childhood and adult livestock exposure (OR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.06, 0.63), but was difficult to separate from adult exposure to grains or corn. Other adult occupational exposures were not associated with SLE risk overall, regardless of childhood farm residence or livestock exposure, although an inverse association was seen among non-smokers (OR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.33, 1.1), particularly for textile work (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.19, 0.64). These exploratory findings support the development of studies to specifically investigate the effects of organic dust exposure on SLE risk, with particular attention to exposure assessment and characterization of demographics, smoking and other occupational exposures. C1 [Parks, C. G.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Parks, C. G.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dooley, M. A.; Park, M. M.] Univ N Carolina, Div Rheumatol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Treadwell, E. L.] E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Gilkeson, G. S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM parks1@mail.nih.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1177/0961203308089436 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 337MT UT WOS:000258440900003 PM 18625648 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, R Gremare, A Duchene, JC Davey, E Frank, M AF Rosenberg, Rutger Gremare, Antoine Duchene, Jean Claude Davey, Earl Frank, Michael TI Visualization and quantification of marine benthic biogenic structures and particle transport utilizing computer-aided tomography SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE benthos; bioturbation; macrofauna; tracer; sediment; Amphiura spp. ID STAR AMPHIURA-FILIFORMIS; ORGANISM-SEDIMENT RELATIONS; IN-SITU; ABRA-OVATA; NORTH-SEA; AXIAL TOMODENSITOMETRY; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; PROFILE IMAGERY; BALTIC SEA AB Computer-aided tomography was used to visualize and quantify biogenic structures (e.g. burrows, shells) in 3 dimensions (3D) by scanning 9 replicate cores obtained from a 41 m deep station in the Gullmarsfjord (Skagerrak, western Sweden). The main objective was to visualize and quantify the biogenic structures and their volumes in the sediment. In addition, the particle transport was studied by adding an aluminum oxide tracer to the sediment-water interface (SWI), which was analysed after 57, 80 and 128 h, in 3 replicate cores each time. A new software programme was developed for rapid and accurate analysis. The fauna in the cores, analysed after scanning, were dominated by the brittle stars Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei. The volumes of 'active' biogenic structures, defined as connecting to the SWI, were generally greatest close to the interface with some secondary peaks, probably related to the position of the disc chamber of the brittle stars. A mean volume of 560 cm(3) of biogenic structures per m(2) of sediment surface was recorded within the sediment (down to a mean depth of 137 mm, where the biogenic structures ceased to be 'active'). Ejection of particles to the SWI (mounding) was calculated to be between 4 and 40 mm(3) h(-1). C1 [Rosenberg, Rutger] Univ Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, Dept Marine Ecol, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. [Gremare, Antoine; Duchene, Jean Claude] Univ Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Stn Marine Arcachon, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France. [Davey, Earl] US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Frank, Michael] Lysekil Hosp, S-45325 Lysekil, Sweden. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, Dept Marine Ecol, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. EM rutger.rosenberg@marecol.gu.se NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 363 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.3354/meps07463 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 336JI UT WOS:000258359700015 ER PT S AU Kovalick, WW AF Kovalick, Walter W., Jr. BE Annable, MD Teodorescu, M Hlavinek, P Diels, L TI Review of characterization and remediation technologies for NAPL's in groundwater SO METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CLEANING-UP CONTAMINATED SITES SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Methods and Techniques for Cleaning-up Contaminated Sites CY OCT 09-11, 2006 CL Sinaia, ROMANIA SP NATO C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kovalick, WW (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6873-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6875-1_15 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BHK43 UT WOS:000253839300015 ER PT J AU Veronesi, B Tajuba, J Saleh, N Ward, W Hester, S Carter, J Lowry, GV AF Veronesi, Bellina Tajuba, Julianne Saleh, Naveh Ward, William Hester, Susan Carter, Jackie Lowry, G. V. TI Functionally charged polystyrene particles activate immortalized mouse microglia (BV2): cellular and genomic response SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Submicron-size particles; particle toxicity; surface charge; zeta potential; microglia; oxidative stress; BV2 ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; SURFACE-CHARGE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; VANILLOID RECEPTORS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The effect of particle surface charge on the biological activation of immortalized mouse microglia (BV2) was examined. Same size (similar to 850-950 nm) spherical polystyrene microparticles (SPM) with net negative (carboxyl, COOH-) or positive (dimethyl amino, CH3)(2)-N-zeta potentials were exposed to BV2 microglia (5-20 mu l/ml). Both stimulated an oxidative burst, increased Caspase 3/7 activity and caused inflammatory cytokine release. Ultrastructure indicated that SPM particles were phagocytosed as single particles but formed large intra-cellular 4-6 mu m agglomerates. Microarray analysis indicated that negatively charged SPM-COOH-affected approximately 146 genes while the positively charged SPM-(CH3)(2)-N-affected approximately 2580 genes. Only 30 genes were significantly affected in common. Of the 48 genes associated with oxidative stress pathways, 33 genes were coordinately down-regulated by SPM-(CH3)(2)-N- and up-regulated by SPM-COOH-exposure. Together, these data indicate that functionally charged, inert submicron-size particles differentially activate BV2 microglia along oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. C1 [Veronesi, Bellina; Ward, William; Hester, Susan; Carter, Jackie] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tajuba, Julianne] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Saleh, Naveh; Lowry, G. V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Veronesi.Bellina@epa.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1080/17435390802296347 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 363WG UT WOS:000260297200004 ER PT J AU Mwanza, JC Finley, D Spivey, CL Graff, JE Herr, DW AF Mwanza, Jean-Claude Finley, Dana Spivey, Christopher L. Graff, Jaimie E. Herr, David W. TI Depression of the photic after discharge of flash evoked potentials by physostigmine, carbaryl and propoxur, and the relationship to inhibition of brain cholinesterase SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbaryl; brain cholinesterase; flash evoked potentials; photic after discharge; physostigmine; propoxur ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; FREELY MOVING RATS; CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; ALBINO-RAT; CHOLINERGIC MODULATION; SUBSTANCE GALANTHAMINE; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; PEAK N160; AFTERDISCHARGES; ACETYLCHOLINE AB The effects of N-methyl carbamate pesticides on the photic after discharge (PhAD) of flash evoked potentials (FEPs) and the relationship between inhibition of brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity and the PhAD were evaluated. FEPs were recorded in Long Evans rats treated with physostigmine (s.c.) 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg (free base), in an ascorbic acid/saline vehicle, carbaryl (p.o.) 0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 50 or 75 mg/kg, or propoxur (p.o.) 0, 0.3, 3, 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg in a corn oil vehicle. Physostigmine served as positive control based on literature data. Early (e.g. peak N-36) and late FEP components (peak N-166 and PhAD) are related to the initial retino-geniculate afferent volley and higher cortical processing of visual information, respectively. Compared to controls, the PhAD duration decreased following treatment with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg physostigmine, 75 mg/kg carbaryl or 30 mg/kg propoxur. Lesser changes were noted in FEP amplitudes or peak latencies. Treatment with 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg physostigmine increased peak N-36 latency. Peak N-166 latency increased only following exposure to 40 mg/kg propoxur. None of the compounds altered peak N-36 or N-166 amplitudes. Hypothermia was observed at doses greater than 0.05 mg/kg physostigmine, at 30 or 50 mg/kg carbaryl, and after treatment with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg propoxur. Inhibition of brain ChE activity occurred at dosages greater than 0.05 mg/kg physostigmine, 1 mg/kg carbaryl, and 0.3 mg/kg propoxur. Linear regression analysis indicated that the decrease in PhAD duration correlated with decrease in brain ChE activity. The results indicate that at 30 min after treatment, inhibition of brain ChE activity did not affect cortical processing of the input from the retino-geniculate volley (evidenced by unaltered peak N-36 amplitude). However, the data suggest that disruption of cortical processing of visual signals related to FEP late components, as indicated by depression of the PhAD, was related to inhibition of brain ChE activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mwanza, Jean-Claude] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Finley, Dana] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Spivey, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Mwanza, JC (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, NTD, NPTB, Res Triangle Pk,MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jcmwanza@hotmail.com NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.004 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 262ZO UT WOS:000253187600010 PM 17950890 ER PT J AU Viberg, H Mundy, W Eriksson, P AF Viberg, Henrik Mundy, William Eriksson, Per TI Neonatal exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) results in changes in BDNF, CaMKII and GAP-43, biochemical substrates of neuronal survival, growth, and synaptogenesis SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decabrominated diphenyl ether; PBDE 209; neonatal; flame retardants; neurotoxicity; BDNF; CaMKII; GAP-43 ID BROMINATED FLAME-RETARDANT; PROTEIN-KINASE-II; BRAIN MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN; ADULT MICE; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; DEFINED PERIOD; PERMANENT CHANGES; MESSENGER-RNA; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER AB Mammals have a marked period of rapid brain growth and development (BGS), which is postnatal in mice and rats, spanning the first 3-4 weeks of life and reaching its peak around postnatal day 10. CaMKII, GAP-43 and BDNF play important roles during the BGS in mammals. One class of flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are present and increasing in the environment and in human milk, which is also true for the only congener still in use, decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209). In the present study, the brains from 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days old mice, were analysed for CaMKII and GAP-43.The level of CaMKII increases continuously during the neonatal period, while GAP-43 has a be] I-shaped ontogeny curve, which peaks around postnatal day 10, in mouse brain. Furthermore, the effects of PBDE 209 on the developmental expression of CaMKII GAP-43 and BDNF were examined in mice. Neonatal NMRI-male mice were orally exposed on days 3-20.1 mg PBDE 209/kg body weight. The animals were euthanized 7 days after exposure to PBDE 209 and levels of CaMKII, GAP-43 and BDNF were analysed in different brain regions. The protein analysis showed that CaMKII increased significantly in hippocampus, but not in cortex, in animals 7 days after exposure to PBDE 209. GAP-43 showed a significant increase in hippocampus and a significant decrease in cortex of animals 7 days after exposure to PBDE 209. BDNF decreased significantly in hippocampus, but not in cortex, in mice 7 days after exposure to PBDE 209.This shows that PBDE 209 affects important proteins involved in normal maturation of the brain and further strengthen our findings concerning PBDE 209 as a developmental neurotoxicological agent. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved. C1 [Viberg, Henrik; Eriksson, Per] Uppsala Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Mundy, William] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Viberg, H (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Norbyvagen 18A, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Henrik.Viberg@ebc.uu.se OI Viberg, Henrik/0000-0001-5435-2085 NR 71 TC 86 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.10.007 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 262ZO UT WOS:000253187600018 PM 18061678 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Eberhart, JL AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Brooks, J. Renee Meinzer, Frederick C. Eberhart, Joyce L. TI Hydraulic redistribution of water from Pinus ponderosa trees to seedlings: evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathway SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE common mycorrhizal network (CMN); ectomycorrhizal fungi; hydraulic lift; ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa); water transport ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SOIL-WATER; DOUGLAS-FIR; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; LIFT; ROOTS; TRANSLOCATION; PATTERNS AB While there is strong evidence for hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by trees, it is not known if common mycorrhizal networks (CMN) can facilitate HR from mature trees to seedlings under field conditions. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings were planted into root-excluding 61-mu m mesh barrier chambers buried in an old-growth pine forest. After 2 yr, several mature trees were cut and water enriched in D2O and acid fuchsin dye was applied to the stumps. Fine roots and mycorrhizal root tips of source trees became heavily dyed, indicating reverse sap flow in root xylem transported water from stems throughout root systems to the root hyphal mantle that interfaces with CMN. Within 3 d, D2O was found in mesh-chamber seedling foliage > 1 m from source trees; after 3 wk, eight of 10 mesh-chamber seedling stem samples were significantly enriched above background levels. Average mesh-chamber enrichment was 1.8x greater than that for two seedlings for which the connections to CMN were broken by trenching before D2O application. Even small amounts of water provided to mycorrhizas by HR may maintain hyphal viability and facilitate nutrient uptake under drying conditions, which may provide an advantage to seedlings hydraulically linked by CMN to large trees. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brooks, J. Renee] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Eberhart, Joyce L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warrenjm@ornl.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 47 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2008 VL 178 IS 2 BP 382 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02377.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 279WE UT WOS:000254385100017 PM 18298435 ER PT B AU Kelly, JR AF Kelly, J. R. BE Hatfield, JL Follett, RF TI Nitrogen Effects on Coastal Marine Ecosystems SO NITROGEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, PROBLEMS, AND MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESTIMATING PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; NUTRIENT OVER-ENRICHMENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; UPPER CHESAPEAKE-BAY; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FRESH-WATER; NARRAGANSETT-BAY; UNITED-STATES C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kelly, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 209 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-056989-5; 978-0-12-374347-3 PY 2008 BP 271 EP 332 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00010-X PG 62 WC Microbiology; Soil Science SC Microbiology; Agriculture GA BFN15 UT WOS:000320592600010 ER PT J AU Manale, AP AF Manale, A. P. BE Hatfield, JL Follett, RF TI New Policy Directions SO NITROGEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, PROBLEMS, AND MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-QUALITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION-CONTROL; NITROGEN-CYCLE; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; DECISIONS; CONSEQUENCES; AGRICULTURE; UNCERTAINTY C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Manale, AP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 155 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-056989-5 PY 2008 BP 649 EP 684 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00022-6 PG 36 WC Microbiology; Soil Science SC Microbiology; Agriculture GA BFN15 UT WOS:000320592600022 ER PT S AU Godsey, C AF Godsey, Cindi BE Allee, BJ TI National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Process SO NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN ENERGY-FISHERIES, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS SE ALASKA SEA GRANT REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North Aleutian Basin Energy Fisheries Workshop CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK C1 US EPA, Anchorage, AK 99577 USA. RP Godsey, C (reprint author), US EPA, 222 W 7th Ave,Box 19, Anchorage, AK 99577 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA SN 0271-7069 BN 978-1-56612-137-8 J9 ALASKA SEA PY 2008 VL 09-03 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BJG20 UT WOS:000265596600022 ER PT J AU Meng, L Taylor, DL Serbst, J Powell, JC AF Meng, Lesa Taylor, David L. Serbst, Jonathan Powell, J. Christopher TI Assessing habitat quality of Mount Hope Bay and Narragansett Bay using growth, RNA : DNA, and feeding habits of caged juvenile Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum) SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-YEAR; SIZE-DEPENDENT PREDATION; SHRIMP CRANGON-SEPTEMSPINOSA; TAUTOG TAUTOGA-ONITIS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; MARINE FISHES; MORTALITY; RATES AB Somatic growth rates, RNA:DNA, and feeding habits of juvenile Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder) were used to asses small-scale spatio-temporal variations in the habitat quality of Mount Hope Bay and Narragansett Bay, RI. Three successive caging experiments (14-16 d each) were conducted with flounder (initial size = 25-35 mm total length) in June and July 2003 in shallow water habitats (<1 m) of Spar Island, Common Fence Point, and Hog Island; the first two sites were located in Mount Hope Bay, and the latter in Narragansett Bay. The average growth rate of flounder ranged between 0.51 and 0.95 mm d(-1) and was inversely related with increased incidences of hypoxic conditions (i.e., amount of time dissolved oxygen was <= 4.0 mg L-1). RNA:DNA, a surrogate measure of growth and feeding condition, corroborated somatic growth trends, and therefore exhibited similar spatio-temporal variability. In contrast to somatic growth, however, water temperature was the most important factor affecting flounder condition, such that RNA:DNA was inversely related to the amount of time water temperature was >20 degrees C. Benthic core samples indicated that food availability was greatest at Spar Island and was attributable to the numerical dominance of Crepidula fornicata Linnaeus (slipper limpet) during the early summer. Moreover, stomach contents of flounder reflected differences in prey species composition, whereby individuals from Spar Island consumed a higher percentage of molluscs relative to them other sites, where the preferred prey items were harpacticoid copepods and small decapods (primarily brachyuran crabs). Despite the observed discrepancies in feeding habits across sites, the extent of stomach fullness for flounder did not vary spatially (mean fullness = 44-49% across sites). It is concluded that the somatic growth, RNA:DNA, and feeding behavior of juvenile flounder in Mount Hope Bay and Narragansett Bay varies significantly across small spatio-temporal scales in response to changes in dissolved oxygen and thermal conditions. C1 [Taylor, David L.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Meng, Lesa; Serbst, Jonathan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Powell, J. Christopher] Ft Wetherill Marine Lab, Div Fish & Wildlife Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. RP Taylor, DL (reprint author), Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 1 Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. EM dtaylor@rwu.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2008)15[35:AHQOMH]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288DS UT WOS:000254967000004 ER PT S AU Li, Z Lee, K Kepkay, P King, T Yeung, W Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Z. Lee, K. Kepkay, P. King, T. Yeung, W. Boufadel, M. C. Venosa, A. D. BE Davidson, WF Lee, K Cogswell, A TI Wave tank studies on chemical dispersant effectiveness: Dispersed oil droplet size distribution SO OIL SPILL RESPONSE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO CCMS Workshop on Oil Spill Responde CY OCT 11-13, 2006 CL Dartmouth, CANADA SP NATO CCMS DE wave tank; dispersant; oil droplet; LISST; waves AB In evaluation of chemical dispersant effectiveness, the two most important factors that need to be addressed and fully characterized. in terms of efficacy are energy dissipation rate and particle size distribution. A wave tank facility was designed and constructed to specifically address these factors in controlled oil dispersion studies. The: particle size distribution of the dispersed oil was quantified by a laser in-situ scattering and transmissometer (LISST-100X). The size distribution and morphology of the dispersed oil were characterized by an image analysis system based on a microscope fitted with transmitted light and ultraviolet-epifluorescence illumination. Time-series particle size distribution during physical and chemical dispersion of crude oil. under a variety of non-breaking and breaking waves are presented. C1 [Li, Z.; Lee, K.; Kepkay, P.; King, T.; Yeung, W.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, M. C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, A. D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8563-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_19 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIB44 UT WOS:000258136600007 ER PT S AU Lee, K Li, Z King, T Kepkay, P Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Lee, K. Li, Z. King, T. Kepkay, P. Boufadel, M. C. Venosa, A. D. BE Davidson, WF Lee, K Cogswell, A TI Wave tank studies on formation and transport of OMA from the chemically dispersed oil SO OIL SPILL RESPONSE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO CCMS Workshop on Oil Spill Responde CY OCT 11-13, 2006 CL Dartmouth, CANADA SP NATO CCMS DE wave tank; dispersant; OMA; LISST; fluoremetry ID MINERAL AGGREGATE FORMATION; BREAKING WAVES; CRUDE-OIL; SALINITY; DROPLETS; SPILLS; SIZE; LOAD AB The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on dispersion of oil, formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs), and microbial activities in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet fluoremetry (UVF) and gas chromatography-flame ionized detector (GC-FID) analysis indicate that both dispersants; and mineral fines, alone and in combination, stimulate the dispersion of oil slick from surface to water column. A laser in-situ scattering and transsiometer (LISST-100X) measurement shows that the presence of mineral fines increased the total concentration of the suspended particles from 4 to 10 mu L/L, whereas the presence of dispersants decreased the particle size (mass mean diameter) from 5070 to 20 mu m. Enumeration with epifluorescent microscope shows that the presence of either dispersants or mineral fines significantly increased the number of particles in water. C1 [Lee, K.; Li, Z.; King, T.; Kepkay, P.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, M. C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, A. D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM LeeK@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; LeeK@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8563-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_20 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIB44 UT WOS:000258136600008 ER PT J AU Daniels, JL Rowland, AS Longnecker, MP Crawford, P Golding, J AF Daniels, J. L. Rowland, A. S. Longnecker, M. P. Crawford, P. Golding, J. TI Early cognitive development and maternal dental mercury exposure: why not consider ethylmercury exposure? Reply SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Daniels, J. L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Daniels, J. L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Longnecker, M. P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Ser, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rowland, A. S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, MPH Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Crawford, P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Dent, Dept Paediat Dent, Bristol, Avon, England. [Golding, J.] Univ Bristol, Dept Community Based Med, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Daniels, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Julie_daniels@unc.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 263CF UT WOS:000253194500013 ER PT J AU Vergura, R Balboni, G Spagnolo, B Gavioli, E Lambert, DG McDonald, J Trapella, C Lazarus, LH Regoli, D Guerrini, R Salvadori, S Calo, G AF Vergura, Raffaella Balboni, Gianfranco Spagnolo, Barbara Gavioli, Elaine Lambert, David G. McDonald, John Trapella, Claudio Lazarus, Lawrence H. Regoli, Domenico Guerrini, Remo Salvadori, Severo Calo, Girolamo TI Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities of H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid (UFP-512), a novel selective delta opioid receptor agonist SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE UFP-512; DOP receptor; receptor binding; bioassay; forced swimming test; light-dark aversion; elevated plus-maze test ID FORCED-SWIMMING TEST; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS MODEL; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; DMT-TIC PHARMACOPHORE; IN-VIVO; ENDOGENOUS ENKEPHALINS; EMOTIONAL RESPONSES; MICE DEFICIENT; RAT-BRAIN; FQ AB Knockout and pharmacological studies have shown that delta opioid peptide (DOP) receptor signalling regulates emotional responses. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of the DOP ligand, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid (UFP-512) was investigated. In receptor binding experiments performed on membranes of CHO cells expressing the human recombinant opioid receptors, UFP-512 displayed very high affinity (pK(i) 10.20) and selectivity (>150-fold) for DOP sites. In functional studies ([S-35]GTP gamma S binding in CHOhDOP membranes and electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens) UFP-512 behaved as a DOP selective full agonist showing potency values more than 100-fold higher than DPDPE. In vivo, in the mouse forced swimming test, UFP-512 reduced immobility time both after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Similar effects were recorded in rats. Moreover, UFP-512 evoked anxiolytic-like effects in the mouse elevated plus maze and light-dark aversion assays. All these in vivo actions of UFP-512 were fully prevented by the selective DOP antagonist naltrindole (3 mg/kg, s.c.). In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that UFP-512 behaves as a highly potent and selective agonist at DOP receptors and corroborate the proposal that the selective activation of DOP receptors elicits robust anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in rodents. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vergura, Raffaella; Spagnolo, Barbara; Gavioli, Elaine; Regoli, Domenico; Calo, Girolamo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Expt & Clin Med, Pharmacol Sect, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Vergura, Raffaella; Spagnolo, Barbara; Gavioli, Elaine; Regoli, Domenico; Calo, Girolamo] Univ Ferrara, Natl Inst Neurosci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco; Guerrini, Remo; Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci & Biotechnol Ctr, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Lambert, David G.; McDonald, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Trapella, Claudio] UFPeptides srl, Ferrara, Italy. [Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chem Pharmacol Lab, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Calo, G (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Expt & Clin Med, Pharmacol Sect, Via Fossato Mortara 19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM g.calo@unife.it RI Gavioli, Elaine/G-5075-2012; Lambert, David/B-2629-2012; Trapella, Claudio/I-2128-2012; OI Gavioli, Elaine/0000-0001-8967-1369; Trapella, Claudio/0000-0002-6666-143X; Guerrini, Remo/0000-0002-7619-0918; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0010172798, Z01 ES090053-20, Z01 ES100472-06] NR 43 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.012 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 254LR UT WOS:000252588600013 PM 18069089 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ding, H Yan, J Hui, R Wang, W Kissling, GE Zeldin, DC Wang, DW AF Zhang, Laxi Ding, Hu Yan, Jiangtao Hui, Rutai Wang, Wei Kissling, Grace E. Zeldin, Darryl C. Wang, Dao Wen TI Genetic variation in cytochrorne P450 2J2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase and risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population SO PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE CYP2J2; cytochrorne P450; EPHX2; genetics; ischemic stroke; polymorphism ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; EPOXYGENASE-DERIVED EICOSANOIDS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CYTOCHROME-P450; DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids have been recognized for their protective effects on the cardiovascular system. This study investigated whether two common polymorphisms in genes believed to be influential in regulating circulating levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, namely cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) G-50T and soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) G860A, were associated with ischemic stroke risk in a Chinese population. Methods and results Screening of 200 patients with ischernic stroke and 350 control participants revealed that CYP2J2-50T allele frequency was not significantly different in ischernic stroke cases versus controls. In contrast, EPHX2 860A allele frequency was 16.8% in ischemic stroke cases versus 21.7% in controls (P=0.047), and the presence of this variant allele was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischernic stroke after adjustment for sex, age and multiple cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted odds ratio=0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.29-0.86). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the EPHX2 G860A polymorphism, smoking and ischernic stroke risk such that nonsmokers carrying the EPHX2 G860A variant allele were at the lowest risk of ischernic stroke (odds ratio= 0.33, 95% confidence interval, Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate a protective influence of the G860A polymorphism of EPHX2 on ischemic stroke in Chinese nonsmokers. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 18:45-51 (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Zhang, Laxi; Ding, Hu; Yan, Jiangtao; Wang, Wei; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Dept Internal Med,Inst Hypertens, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. [Hui, Rutai] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Hui, Rutai] Fuwai Hosp, Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Kissling, Grace E.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Dept Internal Med,Inst Hypertens, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. EM dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13] NR 42 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1744-6872 J9 PHARMACOGENET GENOM JI Pharmacogenet. Genomics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282f313e8 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 246KM UT WOS:000252005900005 PM 18216721 ER PT B AU McDonald, J Nelson, B Olson, B Iden, ME Fritz, SG Honc, RL AF McDonald, Joseph Nelson, Brian Olson, Brian Iden, Michael E. Fritz, Steven G. Honc, Randell L. GP ASME TI Locomotive exhaust temperatures during high altitude tunnel operation in Donner Pass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Sprint Technical Conference CY APR 27-30, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Locomotives in heavy-haul service at high altitude and within unventilated tunnels operate under some of the most extreme conditions encountered in the U.S. with regard to high ambient temperatures and high locomotive exhaust temperatures. Consideration of such conditions is crucial to the design of future catalytic emission control systems for locomotives. Field testing was conducted on two locomotives certified to U.S. Federal Tier 2 locomotive emissions standards operating as part of a four-locomotive consist pulling a heavy-freight train west-bound through the Donner Pass Region in late August 2007. The highest post-turbine exhaust temperatures observed over the entire test route occurred within Union Pacific Tunnel 41 - an approximately two-mile-long, unventilated tunnel located near Norden, California. Engine protection measures within the electronic locomotive and engine management systems of both locomotives limited the peak exhaust temperatures encountered during the tests to less than 560 degrees C. C1 [McDonald, Joseph; Nelson, Brian; Olson, Brian] US EPA, Off Transport & Air Qual, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McDonald, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transport & Air Qual, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4813-5 PY 2008 BP 375 EP 384 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHU76 UT WOS:000256549300037 ER PT J AU Mamantov, A AF Mamantov, Andrew TI Possible new reaction mechanisms of dideoxynucleosides as anti-AIDS drugs SO PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM LA English DT Article DE anti-AIDS drugs; dideoxynucleosides; ribonucleotide reductase; reverse transcriptase; mechanisms ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RIBONUCLEOSIDE-DIPHOSPHATE REDUCTASE; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SYNTHESIS; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE DEFICIENCY; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HYDROGEN BOND-CLEAVAGE; MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Evidence is presented that a major class of drugs, the dideoxynucleosides (ddNs) and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, may inhibit the symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by initiation of inactivation at the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme stage and/or inactivation of reverse transcriptase enzyme or at a stage more initial than that of the currently accepted DNA chain termination hypothesis. For example, it has been previously shown that ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase (RDPR) and ribonucleotide triphosphate reductase (RTPR) are inactivated with 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-diphosphate-([3'-H-3]ClUDP) and triphosphate ([3'-H-3]ClUTP) by reaction with an intermediate furanone, Scheme 2. RDPR has also been inactivated by 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-diphosphate (N3UDP). Furthermore, addition of hydroxyurea to RNR can inhibit DNA synthesis which results in a rapid depletion of limiting deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pools. There are similar perturbations of dNTP pools upon interaction of human RNR with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), in human cell studies involving AZT/HIV and in adenosine/coformycin experiments in relation to inherited immunodeficiency, Table 1. Also, the herein proposed reduction mechanisms of nucleotides by RNR (e.g., a single electron transfer from the nucleotide base to the phenol moiety of the tyrosyl radical of RNR via a pathway involving the thiyl radical of a cysteine residue) can also account for the chemistry of some antiretroviral drugs, the ddNs. Analyses are presented that the RNR reductions of regular unsubstituted nucleotides may occur predominantly via initial 2' C-H abstraction instead of the originally proposed 3' C-H abstraction mechanism. Also, it is noted that the fate of the phenol moiety of the tyrosyl unit in some RNR reactions with 2'-halo-2'-deoxynucleotides is not clear. The proposed reaction mechanisms may provide guidance for the development of potentially effective anti-AIDS drugs. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mamantov, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mamantov.andy@epa.gov NR 143 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1468-6783 EI 1471-406X J9 PROG REACT KINET MEC JI Prog. React. Kinet. Mech. PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 99 EP 143 DI 10.3184/146867807X310783 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 330TH UT WOS:000257965200001 ER PT J AU Pawel, D Preston, D Pierce, D Cologne, J AF Pawel, David Preston, Dale Pierce, Donald Cologne, John TI Improved estimates of cancer site-specific risks for A-bomb survivors SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID CANCER; METAANALYSIS; BAYES AB Simple methods are investigated for improving summary site-specific radiogenic risk estimates. Estimates in this report are derived from cancer incidence data from the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of A-bomb survivors that are followed up by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Estimates from the LSS of excess relative risk (ERR) for soli cancer sites have typically been derived separately for each site. Even though the data for this are extensive, the statistical imprecision in site-specific (organ-specific) risk estimates is substantial, and it is clear that a large portion of the site-specific variation in estimates is due to this imprecision. Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates offer a reasonable approach for moderating this variation. The simple version of EB estimates that we applied to the LSS data are weighted averages of a pooled overall estimate of ERR and separately derived site-specific estimates, with weights determined by the data. Results indicate that the EB estimates are most useful for sites such as esophageal or bladder cancer, for which the separately derived ERR estimates are less precise than for other sites. (c) 2008 by Radiation Research Society. C1 [Pawel, David] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Preston, Dale] Hirosoft Int, Eureka, CA USA. [Pierce, Donald] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Cologne, John] Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. RP Pawel, D (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pawel.david@epa.gov OI Cologne, John/0000-0003-1540-6639 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 169 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1667/RR1092.1 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 247WH UT WOS:000252112800010 PM 18159958 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, J. S. TI What can epidemiology tell us about risks at low doses? SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; IONIZING-RADIATION; LOCAL FALLOUT; TECHA RIVER; EXPOSURE; COHORT; CHILDHOOD; WORKERS; POPULATION AB Limitations on statistical power preclude direct detection and quantification of radiogenic cancer risks at very low (environmental) levels of low-LET radiation through epidemiological studies. Given this limitation and our incomplete understanding of cellular processes leading to radiation carcinogenesis, an "effective threshold" in the dose range of interest for radiation protection cannot yet be ruled out. Ongoing epidemiological studies of chronically exposed individuals receiving very low daily doses of radiation can be used, however, together with radiobiological data, to critically test whether such a threshold is plausible. (c) 2008 by Radiation Research Society. C1 US EPA, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, ORIA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, ORIA, 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM puskin.jerome@epa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 169 IS 1 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.1667/RR1187.1 PG 3 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 247WH UT WOS:000252112800013 PM 18159960 ER PT B AU Dunson, DB AF Dunson, David B. BE Dunson, DB TI Random Effect and Latent Variable Model Selection Preface SO RANDOM EFFECT AND LATENT VARIABLE MODEL SELECTION SE Lecture Notes in Statistics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dunson, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM dunson@stat.duke.edu; dunson@stat.duke.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-76720-8 J9 LECT NOTES STAT PY 2008 VL 192 BP V EP VII D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76721-5 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BKF18 UT WOS:000267943100001 ER PT B AU Cai, B Dunson, DB AF Cai, Bo Dunson, David B. BE Dunson, DB TI Bayesian Variable Selection in Generalized Linear Mixed Models SO RANDOM EFFECT AND LATENT VARIABLE MODEL SELECTION SE Lecture Notes in Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; COVARIANCE-SELECTION; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; COMPONENT; MATRICES C1 [Cai, Bo] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cai, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bocai@gwm.sc.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-76720-8 J9 LECT NOTES STAT PY 2008 VL 192 BP 63 EP 91 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76721-5 PG 29 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BKF18 UT WOS:000267943100005 ER PT B AU Ghosh, J Dunson, DB AF Ghosh, Joyee Dunson, David B. BE Dunson, DB TI Bayesian Model Selection in Factor Analytic Models SO RANDOM EFFECT AND LATENT VARIABLE MODEL SELECTION SE Lecture Notes in Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APPROXIMATIONS; DIMENSION C1 [Ghosh, Joyee; Dunson, David B.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ghosh, J (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM joyee@stat.duke.edu; dunson1@niehs.nih.gov; dunson1@niehs.nih.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-76720-8 J9 LECT NOTES STAT PY 2008 VL 192 BP 151 EP 163 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76721-5 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BKF18 UT WOS:000267943100008 ER PT S AU Cormier, SM AF Cormier, S. M. BE Linkov, I Ferguson, E Magar, VS TI A SYNOPSIS OF IMMEDIATE AND DELIBERATE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS SO REAL-TIME AND DELIBERATIVE DECISION MAKING: APPLICATION TO EMERGING STRESSORS SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Risk, Uncertainly and Decision Analysis for Environmental Security and Non-Chemical Stressors CY APR, 2007 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP NATO AB Environmental assessments can be classified by the urgency of the problem and therefore the amount of time allowed for the assessment before a decision is made to benefit environmental and social objectives. Deliberate (occurring in an unhurried fashion) and immediate (performed without delay) assessments have different constraints; and different value judgments or standards are used to judge their quality. Being aware of the differences and similarities can improve the quality of both deliberate and immediate environmental assessments. In particular, deliberate assessments can eventually provide knowledge or decision tools for future unanticipated emergencies. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 43268 USA. RP Cormier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 43268 USA. EM cormier.susan@epa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9024-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Operations Research & Management Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIP16 UT WOS:000261511600002 ER PT S AU Cormier, SM Shaw-Allen, P Paul, JF Spehar, RL AF Cormier, S. M. Shaw-Allen, P. Paul, J. F. Spehar, R. L. BE Linkov, I Ferguson, E Magar, VS TI ESTIMATION OF EFFECT THRESHOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA SO REAL-TIME AND DELIBERATIVE DECISION MAKING: APPLICATION TO EMERGING STRESSORS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Risk, Uncertainly and Decision Analysis for Environmental Security and Non-Chemical Stressors CY APR, 2007 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP NATO ID MANAGEMENT; STREAMS AB Biological and ecological effect thresholds can be used for determining safe levels of nontraditional stressors. The U.S. EPA Framework for Developing Suspended and Bedded Sediments (SABS) Water Quality Criteria (WQC) [36] uses a risk assessment approach to estimate effect thresholds for unacceptable levels of SABS in water bodies. Sources of SABS include: 1. Erosion from agricultural, construction, forestry practices, and stream banks 2. Resuspension of deposited sediment 3. Direct discharge from municipal, industrial, and agricultural sources Excessive levels of SABS can destroy habitat for plants and animals, reduce the quality of drinking water, impair the quality and safety of recreational waters, increase the costs associated with irrigation and navigation, and decrease aesthetics. The SABS Framework is intended as a guide to the development of water quality criteria (WQC) and restoration targets. The SABS Framework uses an eco-epidemiological perspective to incorporate information from field observations with data from controlled laboratory experiments. The combined information is used to develop relationships that estimate the levels of SABS that will impair aquatic life or pollute sources intended for drinking water. The SABS Framework uses several statistical procedures to compare the estimated effects levels derived from field and laboratory data. Protective levels and restoration goals are recommended based on scientific precedent, logical argument, and statistical resolution. The risk estimates that result from using this approach are readily applicable for use in future emergency situations. C1 [Cormier, S. M.; Shaw-Allen, P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Paul, J. F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Spehar, R. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Cormier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cormier.susan@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX The authors are indebted to the many federal and state scientists who helped to develop methods for developing stressor-response associations and guidance for developing WQC. The chapter was greatly improved by editorial suggestions from Christopher Broyles and Michael Griffith. The research described in this paper was funded by the U.S. EPA (the Agency). This paper has not been subjected to Agency review; therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9024-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 159 EP + PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Operations Research & Management Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIP16 UT WOS:000261511600009 ER PT S AU Pouliot, G Pierce, T Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Wiedinmyer, C Pace, T Mobley, D AF Pouliot, George Pierce, Thomas Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Wiedinmyer, Christine Pace, Tom Mobley, David BE Hao, WM TI The impact of satellite-derived biomass burning emission estimates on air quality SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Biomass burning emission inventory; satellite-based; ground-based; wildfires ID FIRE; AMERICA AB Various methods to generate satellite-based biomass burning emission estimates have recently been developed for their use in air quality models. Each method has different assumptions, data Sources, and algorithms. This paper compares three different satellite-based biomass burning emission estimates against a control case of no biomass burning and ground-based biomass estimate in an air quality model. We have chosen August 2002 for comparison, since all data sets were readily available. In addition, there was significant wildfire activity during this month. Our results suggest that there is large uncertainty in the emission estimates which results in both under-prediction and over-prediction of PM2.5 concentration fields. C1 [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Kondragunta, Shobha; Wiedinmyer, Christine; Pace, Tom; Mobley, David] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pouliot, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pouliot.george@epa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7089 AR 70890F DI 10.1117/12.795395 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300010 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB AF Knudsen, Thomas B. TI Untitled SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Knudsen, Thomas B.] Univ Louisville, Birth Defects Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Knudsen, TB (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Birth Defects Ctr, Sch Dent, 501 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM Thomas.Knudsen@Louisville.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.11.009 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 261RO UT WOS:000253097900001 ER PT S AU Knaak, JB Dary, CC Okino, MS Power, FW Zhang, XF Thompson, CB Tornero-Velez, R Blancato, JN AF Knaak, James B. Dary, Curt C. Okino, Miles S. Power, Fred W. Zhang, Xiaofei Thompson, Carol B. Tornero-Velez, R. Blancato, Jerry N. BE Whitacre, DM TI Parameters for carbamate pesticide QSAR and PBPK/PD models for human risk assessment SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 193 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-SERUM-CHOLINESTERASE; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASE; PLASMA PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; ACTIVE-CENTER GORGE; N-METHYLCARBAMATE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; LOG-P; ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY C1 [Knaak, James B.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Dary, Curt C.; Okino, Miles S.; Power, Fred W.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Zhang, Xiaofei; Thompson, Carol B.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Tornero-Velez, R.; Blancato, Jerry N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Knaak, JB (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 310 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-0-387-73162-9 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 193 BP 53 EP 210 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73163-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-73163-6 PG 158 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BHB57 UT WOS:000252096100003 PM 20614344 ER PT J AU Donohue, JM Miller, WM AF Donohue, Joyce Morrissey Miller, Wynne Maynor BE Howd, RA Fan, AM TI SUMMARY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS AND HEALTH-BASED GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS SO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICALS IN DRINKING WATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donohue, Joyce Morrissey] US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Miller, Wynne Maynor] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Donohue, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17338-1 PY 2008 BP 17 EP 33 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BCG85 UT WOS:000310172800004 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC AF Lipscomb, John C. BE Howd, RA Fan, AM TI TOXICOKINETICS FOR DRINKING WATER RISK ASSESSMENT SO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICALS IN DRINKING WATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VINYL-CHLORIDE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; GLYCOL ETHERS; 2-BUTOXYETHANOL; HUMANS; RATS; TOXICITY; PERCHLOROETHYLENE C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17338-1 PY 2008 BP 91 EP 122 PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BCG85 UT WOS:000310172800007 ER PT J AU Hertzberg, RC Rice, GE Teuschler, LK Wright, JM Simmons, JE AF Hertzberg, Richard C. Rice, Glenn E. Teuschler, Linda K. Wright, J. Michael Simmons, Jane E. BE Howd, RA Fan, AM TI HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL MIXTURES IN DRINKING WATER SO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICALS IN DRINKING WATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; PERINATAL PCB EXPOSURE; JOINT TOXIC ACTION; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; TAP WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; HALOACETIC ACIDS C1 [Hertzberg, Richard C.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Rice, Glenn E.; Teuschler, Linda K.; Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Simmons, Jane E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hertzberg, RC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17338-1 PY 2008 BP 123 EP 170 PG 48 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BCG85 UT WOS:000310172800008 ER PT J AU Donohue, JM AF Donohue, Joyce Morrissey BE Howd, RA Fan, AM TI RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS SO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICALS IN DRINKING WATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY ZINC; COPPER; SUPPLEMENTATION C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Donohue, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17338-1 PY 2008 BP 201 EP 212 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BCG85 UT WOS:000310172800010 ER PT J AU Macler, BA AF Macler, Bruce A. BE Howd, RA Fan, AM TI US EPA DRINKING WATER FIELD OFFICE PERSPECTIVES AND NEEDS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICALS IN DRINKING WATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Macler, BA (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17338-1 PY 2008 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BCG85 UT WOS:000310172800015 ER PT S AU Cuthbertson, BJ Blacksheart, PJ AF Cuthbertson, Brandon J. Blacksheart, Perry J. BE Maquat, LE Kiledjian, M TI EVALUATING THE CONTROL OF MRNA DECAY IN FISSION YEAST SO RNA TURNOVER IN EUKARYOTES: ANALYSIS OF SPECIALIZED AND QUALITY CONTROL RNA DECAY PATHWAYS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID AU-RICH ELEMENT; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; FACTOR-ALPHA PRODUCTION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; POLYMERASE-II; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; IRON-DEFICIENCY AB Abnormalities in rates of m RNA decay can lead to changes in steady-state levels of transcripts, which in turn can result in changes in protein production and abnormal phenotypes. For example, mice deficient in the gene encoding tristetraprolin (TTP), a tandem CCCH zinc finger domain protein, develop a complex syndrome that includes wasting, arthritis, and myeloid hyperplasia, all secondary to elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). This in turn reflects elevated levels of TNF mRNA, which is a direct "target" of TTP binding and TTP-promoted deadenytation and decay. Three TTP-like proteins are expressed in human and four in mice, all of which bind mRNA and control transcript decay. In contrast, the Schizosoccharomyces pombe genome contains only one TTP-like protein, named Zfs1. Microarray analysis revealed that S. pombe cells deficient in zfs1 overexpress the arz1 mRNA, which has several ideal TTP-like binding sites in its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). We used the "no message in thiamine (nmt)" repressible system, in which thiamine rapidly shuts off gene transcription, to evaluate the relative stability of the arz1 mRNA in wild-type and zfs1-deficient cells. We found that the arz1 mRNA decayed much more rapidly in the presence of endogenous zfs1 than in its absence. The nmt system also proved useful for the study of mRNA sequence elements that are essential for interactions with zfs1, which eventually results in accelerated transcript decay. These studies illustrate the utility of the S. pombe nmt system for evaluating protein-mRNA interactions that affect mRNA decay in vivo and provide an alternative to the use of transcription inhibitors or heat-sensitive polymerase promoters that are used more commonly to evaluate mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevesiae. We hope to use this convenient experimental system to unravel the mechanism by which TTP family members, in this and other organisms, bind to mRNAs and promote their instability. C1 [Cuthbertson, Brandon J.; Blacksheart, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Blacksheart, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Clin Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cuthbertson, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. FU NIH; NIEHS FX We thank Debbie Stumpo for help with Norhern blots and helpful discussions, Yanhong Liao for help with S. pombe system, and Wi Lai for insightful discussions. We also acknowledge the help of the NIEHS Microarray Core. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-374584-2 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2008 VL 449 BP 73 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(08)02404-X PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BIR48 UT WOS:000262253100004 PM 19215754 ER PT J AU Moudgal, CJ Young, D Nichols, T Martin, T Harten, P Venkatapathy, R Stelma, G Siddhanti, S Baier-Anderson, C Wolfe, M AF Moudgal, C. J. Young, D. Nichols, T. Martin, T. Harten, P. Venkatapathy, R. Stelma, G. Siddhanti, S. Baier-Anderson, C. Wolfe, M. TI Application of QSARs and VFARs to the rapid risk assessment process at US EPA SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE QSAR; VFAR; risk assessment; NHSRC; NRMRL AB With continued development of new chemicals and genetically engineered microbes as potential agents for terrorism and industrial development, there is a great need for the continued development and application of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) and virulence factor activity relationships (VFARs). Development and application of QSARs and VFARs will facilitate efficient and streamlined use of dwindling resources and assessment of risks associated with exposures to chemical and biological agents. To facilitate the continued development of QSARs and VFARs at US Environmental Protection Agency, a two day workshop was organized June 20-21, 2006, in Cincinnati, OH, USA. This article summarizes the workshop report by highlighting the importance of continued QSAR research, the current state of VFAR science, and the guidance provided to the National Homeland Security Research Center and National Risk Management Research Laboratory by an expert panel for the continued use and development of computational approaches. C1 [Moudgal, C. J.] US EPA, TCAD, NHSRC, ENSV IO, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Young, D.; Martin, T.; Harten, P.] US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nichols, T.] US EPA, TCAD, NHSRC, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stelma, G.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Siddhanti, S.; Baier-Anderson, C.] Endyna Inc, Mclean, VA USA. [Wolfe, M.] SAIC, Reston, VA USA. RP Moudgal, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, TCAD, NHSRC, ENSV IO, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. EM moudgal.chandrika@epa.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1080/10629360802348944 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 359NZ UT WOS:000259995500009 PM 18853303 ER PT B AU Evans, DA Banzhaf, HS Burtraw, D Krupnick, AJ Siikamaki, J AF Evans, David A. Banzhaf, H. Spencer Burtraw, Dallas Krupnick, Alan J. Siikamaeki, Juha BE Askins, RA Dreyer, GD Visgilio, GR Whitelaw, DM TI Valuing Benefits from Ecosystem Improvements using Stated Preference Methods: An Example from Reducing Acidification in the Adirondacks Park SO SAVING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: BALANCING PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Saving Biological Diversity - Weighing the Protection of Endangered Species vs Entire Ecosytems CY APR 06-07, 2007 CL Connecticut Coll, New London, CT HO Connecticut Coll ID CONTINGENT VALUATION AB Economists often use people's actions and choices to identify priorities for managing and protecting nature and for determining whether the benefit of :a particular activity is greater than its cost. However, the desire to protect and improve ecological resources is not entirely revealed by people's actions, but also reflects an intrinsic value that people place on the resource. This problem has given rise to the development of stated preference survey methods for eliciting monetized values for improving or protecting nature. We provide an introduction to stated preference methods and explain why economists feel that the are useful for government decision making. To provide context for this discussion, we describe a stated preference survey application that estimated the value of reducing acidification in the Adirondacks Park. C1 [Evans, David A.; Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Siikamaeki, Juha] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU U.S.EPA [CX 826562-01-2, R832422] FX The surveys and data analysis described in this chapter were supported by the U.S.EPA (CX 826562-01-2 and R832422). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-09566-0 PY 2008 BP 101 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-09565-3_9 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIJ74 UT WOS:000260158900009 ER PT B AU Wigand, C AF Wigand, Cathleen BE Desbonnet, A CostaPierce, BA TI Coastal salt marsh community change in Narragansett Bay in response to cultural eutrophication SO SCIENCE FOR ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT: NARRAGANSETT BAY IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE SPRINGER SERIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on State of Science Knowledge of Nutrients in Narragansett Bay CY NOV, 2004 CL Block Isl, RI ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS EXPANSION; NEW-ENGLAND; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WAQUOIT BAY; COMMON REED; RHODE-ISLAND; TIDAL MARSHES; NEW-JERSEY C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wigand, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 105 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-35298-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2008 BP 499 EP 521 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35299-2_17 PG 23 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BHM67 UT WOS:000254291900017 ER PT J AU Singh, AP Castranio, T Scott, G Guo, D Harris, MA Ray, M Harris, SE Mishina, Y AF Singh, A. P. Castranio, T. Scott, G. Guo, D. Harris, M. A. Ray, M. Harris, S. E. Mishina, Y. TI Influences of reduced expression of maternal bone morphogenetic protein 2 on mouse embryonic development SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE BMP2; decidualization; hypomorphic; neural tube closure; omphalocele ID NEURAL CREST; WALL DEFECTS; BMP2; NEURULATION; MICE; RNA; DECIDUALIZATION; DEFICIENT; CLOSURE; CELLS AB Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was originally found by its osteoinductive ability, and recent genetic analyses have revealed that it plays critical roles during early embryogenesis, cardiogenesis, decidualization as well as skeletogenesis. In the course of evaluation of the conditional allele for Bmp2, we found that the presence of a neo cassette, a selection marker needed for gene targeting events in embryonic stem cells, in the 3' untranslated region of exon 3 of Bmp2, reduced the expression levels of Bmp2 both in embryonic and maternal mouse tissues. Some of the embryos that were genotyped as transheterozygous for the floxed allele with the neo cassette over the conventional null allele (fn/-) showed a lethal phenotype including defects in cephalic neural tube closure and ventral abdominal wall closure. The number of embryos exhibiting these abnormalities was increased when, due to different genotypes, expression levels of Bmp2 in maternal tissues were lower. These results suggest that the expression levels of Bmp2 in both embryonic and maternal tissues influence the normal neural tube closure and body wall closure with different thresholds. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Singh, A. P.; Castranio, T.; Mishina, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Scott, G.; Ray, M.; Mishina, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Harris, M. A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Mishina, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mishina@niehs.nih.gov RI Singh, Ajeet/G-3935-2013 FU NIEHS/NIH [ES071003-10] FX We gratefully thank Drs. Hongbing Zhang and Allan Bradley for Bmp2 conventional null mice. We thank Ms. Leigh E. Davis, Ijeoma Nwosu, Gloria MacDonald, and Kelly McCann for their technical support, Ms. Tonya Miller for her excellent service of maintenance of the mouse colonies. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS/NIH to Y.M. (ES071003-10). NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1159/000143431 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 345GM UT WOS:000258984300003 PM 18769073 ER PT S AU Luecken, D AF Luecken, D. BE Barnes, I Kharytonov, MM TI COMPARISON OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL MECHANISMS FOR REGULATORY AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS SO SIMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN A MULTIPHASE ENVIRONMENT SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Simulation and Assessment of Chemical Processes in a Multiphase Environment CY OCT 01-04, 2007 CL Alushta, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci & Environm Affairs Div, European Sci Fdn, EUROCHAMP DE Chemical mechanisms; CB4; CB05; SAPRC-99 ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MCM V3 PART; PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; CHEMISTRY; PROTOCOL AB Four general types of chemical mechanisms that are used in atmospheric chemistry models are summarized, with a short description of the applications for which each type is most often used. Differences in the techniques used to develop these mechanisms can lead to some differences in their predictions of atmospheric pollutant concentrations. Three chemical mechanisms are used as an example to demonstrate how these predictions can differ both for absolute concentrations of pollutants and for their sensitivities of ozone and PM(2.5) to emission reductions. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luecken, D (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8844-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8846-9_8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIM76 UT WOS:000260917300008 ER PT J AU Gardner, P Primack, A Rosenthal, JP Bridbord, K AF Gardner, Pierce Primack, Aron Rosenthal, Joshua P. Bridbord, Kenneth BE Mayer, KH Pizer, HF TI Principles of building the global health workforce SO SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gardner, Pierce] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Gardner, Pierce] Ctr Dis Control, Amer Coll Phys, Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] CDC, Cent Nervous Syst Viral Surveillance Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Primack, Aron] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Primack, Aron] US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Program Integr, Washington, DC USA. [Primack, Aron] US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Ctr Hlth Plans & Providers, Washington, DC USA. [Primack, Aron] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bridbord, Kenneth] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Gardner, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-055714-4 PY 2008 BP 449 EP 463 DI 10.1016/B978-012370466-5.50022-4 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFE74 UT WOS:000319510600019 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, GM McLaughlin, MJ Scheckel, KG Chittleborough, DJ Newville, M Sutton, S Lombi, E AF Hettiarachchi, Ganga M. McLaughlin, Mike J. Scheckel, Kirk G. Chittleborough, David J. Newville, Mathew Sutton, Steve Lombi, Enzo TI Evidence for different reaction pathways for liquid and granular micronutrients in a calcareous soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOIL; MANGANESE; PHOSPHATE; SPECIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; SOLUBILITY; IFEFFIT; ZINC AB The benefits of Mn and Zn fluid fertilizers over conventional granular products in calcareous sandy loam soils have been agronomically demonstrated. We hypothesized that the differences in the effectiveness between granular and fluid Mn and Zn fertilizers is due to different Mn and Zn reaction processes in and around fertilizer granules and fluid fertilizer bands. We used a combination of several synchrotron-based x-ray techniques, namely, spatially resolved micro-x-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF), micro-x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (mu-XANES), and bulk-XANES and -extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, along with several laboratory-based x-ray techniques to speciate different fertilizer-derived Mn and Zn species in highly calcareous soils to understand the chemistry underlying the observed differential behavior of fluid and granular micronutrient forms. Micro-XRF mapping of soil-fertilizer reactions zones indicated that the mobility of Mn and Zn from liquid fertilizer was greater than that observed for equivalent granular sources of these micronutrients in soil. After application of these micronutrient fertilizers to soil, Mn and Zn from liquid fertilizers were found to remain in comparatively more soluble solid forms, such as hydrated Mn phosphate-like, Mn calcite-like, adsorbed Zn-like, and Zn silicate-like phases, whereas Mn and Zn from equivalent granular sources tended to transform into comparatively less soluble solid forms such as Mn oxide-like, Mn carbonate-fike, and Zn phosphate-like phases. C1 [Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.; McLaughlin, Mike J.; Chittleborough, David J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.; McLaughlin, Mike J.; Lombi, Enzo] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Newville, Mathew; Sutton, Steve] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hettiarachchi, GM (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM ganga.hettiarachchi@adelaide.edu.au RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0058 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 255TV UT WOS:000252681300013 ER PT J AU Wilkes, AA Cook, MM DiGirolamo, AL Eme, J Grim, JM Hohmann, BC Conner, SL McGill, CJ Pomory, CM Bennett, WA AF Wilkes, Allison A. Cook, Melissa M. DiGirolamo, Anthony L. Eme, John Grim, Jeff M. Hohmann, Bernadette C. Conner, Sara L. McGill, Cheryl J. Pomory, Christopher M. Bennett, Wayne A. TI A Comparison of Damselfish Densities on Live Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis) and Coral Rubble in Dry Tortugas National Park SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REEF FISH COMMUNITIES; CARIBBEAN DAMSELFISHES; THREESPOT DAMSELFISH; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; RECRUITMENT; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; POPULATION AB Over the past 30 years, cold events and disease have reduced much of the live Acropora cervicornis (Staghorn Coral) in Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP), FL to fields of coral rubble. It is unclear how the resulting loss of three-dimensional reef structure has affected density and distribution of reef-dependent damselfishes. We compared densities of Stegastes adustus (Dusky Damselfish), Stegastes leucostictus (Beaugregory Damselfish), Microspathodon chrysurus (Yellowtail Damselfish), Stegastes planifrons (Three-spot Damselfish) and Stegastes variabilis (Cocoa Damselfish) inhabiting DTNP's last live Staghorn Coral formation with densities from surrounding coral rubble. Live Staghorn Coral supported a 65% higher damselfish density compared to coral rubble. Density of Dusky, Cocoa, Beaugregory, Yellowtail and Three-spot Damselfish on coral rubble(0.11, 0.58, 0.74, 0.02, and 0.06 fish/m(2), respectively) was less than that found on living Staghorn Coral colonies (2.03, 0.45, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.96 fish/m(2), respectively). Dusky Damselfish dominated the live Staghorn Coral site, the Cocoa and Beaugregory Damselfish dominated the coral rubble site. Juvenile density was ten times greater on coral rubble than on live Staghorn Coral, whereas adults had highest densitities on live Staghorn Coral. C1 [Wilkes, Allison A.; Cook, Melissa M.; Conner, Sara L.; Pomory, Christopher M.; Bennett, Wayne A.] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [DiGirolamo, Anthony L.] Florida Fish & Wildlife, Jacksonville, FL 32221 USA. [Eme, John] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92627 USA. [Grim, Jeff M.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hohmann, Bernadette C.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [McGill, Cheryl J.] US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Wilkes, AA (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM aaw9@students.uwf.edu NR 42 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.483 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357XA UT WOS:000259879300008 ER PT J AU Dhungana, S Crumbliss, AL AF Dhungana, Suraj Crumbliss, Alvin L. BE Kaim, W Klein, A TI UV-Vis Spectroelectrochemistry of Selected Iron-Containing Proteins SO SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; FERRIC BINDING-PROTEIN; REDOX PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL TRANSFERRIN; SERUM TRANSFERRIN; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NITRIC-OXIDE; HEMOGLOBIN; REDUCTION C1 [Dhungana, Suraj] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Crumbliss, Alvin L.] Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Dhungana, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-840-4 PY 2008 BP 31 EP 67 DI 10.1039/9781847558404-00031 D2 10.1039/9781847558404 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BKW88 UT WOS:000269492400003 ER PT S AU Zucker, RM AF Zucker, Robert M. BE ReschGenger, U TI Flow Cytometry Quality Assurance SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS II: BIOANALYTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alignment beads; Flow cytometry; Lasers; Multi-intensity beads; Quality assurance; Quantification; Spectroscopy ID SLIDE-BASED SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE SENSITIVITY; INTENSITY; STANDARDIZATION; QUANTITATION; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; IMAGES AB A flow cytometer needs to be evaluated prior to its operation to insure that it is aligned with good sensitivity and the fluidics are functioning properly without any restrictions or blockage. Two simple performance tests have been described to determine if a flow cytometer is functional with good sensitivity. The first test determines if the system is properly aligned with a clean flow cell that contains no fluidic blockage. Using uniform single-intensity beads, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions are measured to assess the system for alignment and functionality. The second test monitors the sensitivity of the system by using a series of four to six multi-intensity beads. The test measures dye contamination, the cleanliness of the system and the amount of background light scatter that may be contained in the system. By comparing the means and standard deviations of the first two peaks, a value can be determined which relates to the sensitivity of the system. Failure to obtain good CV and sensitivity values in these two tests will compromise the ability to detect dim fluorescence from the background and will ultimately affect the precision of the system. These multi-intensity beads can also be used to determine the linearity of the system. It is important to run these tests at the flow rate at which the samples will ultimately be measured, as the values will change as the flow rate increases. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epa.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-70570-3 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 06 BP 343 EP 370 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_047 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV84 UT WOS:000267284000013 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, C AF Pfeiffer, Caryl BA Boscheck, R BF Boscheck, R TI How the clean air interstate rule will affect investment and management decisions in the US electricity sector SO STRATEGIES, MARKETS AND GOVERNANCE: EXPLORING COMMERCIAL AND REGULATORY AGENDAS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pfeiffer, Caryl] Wittenberg Univ, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. [Pfeiffer, Caryl] Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources Emphasis Econ & Energy Dev, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pfeiffer, Caryl] Louisville Gas & Elect, Environm Affairs, Louisville, KY USA. [Pfeiffer, Caryl] US EPA, FACA Subcomm Ozone Particulate Matter & Reg Haze, Washington, DC USA. RP Pfeiffer, C (reprint author), Wittenberg Univ, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86845-7 PY 2008 BP 151 EP 165 PG 15 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BAT50 UT WOS:000305473800010 ER PT S AU Russo, RC Rashleigh, B Ambrose, RB AF Russo, Rosemarie C. Rashleigh, Brenda Ambrose, Robert B. BE Gonenc, IE Vadineanu, A Wolflin, JP Russo, RC TI Watershed management in the United States SO SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHEDS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sustainable Use and Development of Watersheds for Human Security and Peace CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO SPS (NFA) DE watershed management framework; water quality laws; water quality databases; watershed models; watershed restoration ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DAILY LOAD DEVELOPMENT; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYPOXIA; MODEL; ECOLOGY AB A watershed approach provides an effective framework for dealing with water resources challenges. Watersheds provide drinking water, recreation, and ecological habitat, as well as a place for waste disposal, a source of industrial cooling water, and navigable inland water transport. Consequently, much depends on the health of watersheds. Watersheds are threatened by wastewater and nonpoint source runoff that load surface waters with excess organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, solids, and toxic substances. Physical alterations, such as paving and stream channelization, change both the hydrologic regime and habitat. Estuaries are of particular importance, since they have great economic, ecological, recreational, and aesthetic value. An approach to the protection, management, and restoration of these water resources in the United States, and the respective roles of federal, state, and local governments, as well as the private sector and volunteer groups, is discussed. Protecting and sustaining watersheds requires that water resource goals be prioritized within a coordinating framework. C1 [Russo, Rosemarie C.] US EPA, Georgia Oklahoma Ctr, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Rashleigh, Brenda; Ambrose, Robert B.] U S Environm Protect Agcy, Ecosys Res Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Russo, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Georgia Oklahoma Ctr, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM russo@charter.net; Rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8556-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8558-1_11 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Management; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Business & Economics; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BIB35 UT WOS:000258124000011 ER PT S AU Rashleigh, B AF Rashleigh, Brenda BE Gonenc, IE Vadineanu, A Wolflin, JP Russo, RC TI The role of ecological endpoints in watershed management SO SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHEDS SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sustainable Use and Development of Watersheds for Human Security and Peace CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO SPS (NFA) DE mulitmetric; multivariate; ecological endpoints; assessment ID INTEGRITY B-IBI; UNITED-STATES; MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; FISH; RIVERS; INDEX; RESTORATION; QUALITY; MODELS; FRAMEWORK AB Landscape change and pollution in watersheds affect ecological endpoints in receiving water bodies. Therefore, these endpoints are useful in watershed management. Fish and benthic macroinvertebrates are often used as endpoints, since they are easily measured in the field and integrate over time and stressors. A range of approaches are used to incorporate ecological endpoints into watershed management. A common approach is the use of metrics, such as species diversity and the presence of rare or unique species; metrics are also combined into multimetric indices. Multivariate analyses are used to relate endpoints to landscape characteristics. Detailed ecological models can be used to represent effects of multiple stressors and predict the response to ecological endpoints to future conditions and alternative management scenarios. Ecological endpoints are currently used to assess or classify sites or water bodies, to identify impaired sites and waters, support water quality permits or enforcement, identify areas for conservation, or to set restoration goals or monitor progress. In the future, it is likely that ecological endpoints will be incorporated with aspects of water quality and economic valuation to create sophisticated decision support tools for watersheds. C1 [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8556-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8558-1_20 PG 12 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Management; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Business & Economics; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BIB35 UT WOS:000258124000020 ER PT S AU Shamim, MT Hoffmann, MD Melendez, J Ruhman, MA AF Shamim, Mah T. Hoffmann, Michael D. Melendez, Jose Ruhman, Mohammed A. BE Gan, J Spurlock, F Hendley, P Weston, DP TI Ecological Risk Characterization for the Synthetic Pyrethroids SO SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthetic Pyrethroids and Surface Water Quality held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem AB In its reevaluation of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) examines all major routes of exposure. As individual pyrethroids have been reevaluated, a distinct pattern of similarities and differences have emerged among them. The synthetic pyrethroids are characterized not only by similar environmental fate and transport properties, but also by their common toxicity endpoints. This chapter includes a discussion of these trends and provides innovative modeling approaches to estimate the exposure of pyrethroids to aquatic organisms in wastewater and freshwater from use of these pesticides in agricultural and urban environments. Also included is a discussion of potential risks to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms. C1 [Shamim, Mah T.; Hoffmann, Michael D.; Melendez, Jose; Ruhman, Mohammed A.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Shamim, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7433-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2008 VL 991 BP 257 EP 309 PG 53 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BLH67 UT WOS:000270195300013 ER PT S AU Denton, DL Moore, MT Cooper, CM Wrysinski, J Williams, WM Miller, JL Reece, K Crane, D Robins, P AF Denton, D. L. Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. Wrysinski, J. Williams, W. M. Miller, J. L. Reece, K. Crane, D. Robins, P. BE Gan, J Spurlock, F Hendley, P Weston, DP TI Mitigation of Permethrin in Irrigation Runoff by Vegetated Agricultural Drainage Ditches in California SO SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS: OCCURRENCE AND BEHAVIOR IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthetic Pyrethroids and Surface Water Quality held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID TOXICITY AB As organophosphate use has decreased in California, a concomitant increase in their replacement insecticides (pyrethroids) has occurred. Although the probability of off-site movement of pyrethroids is less than their predecessors (organophosphates), transport of pyrethroids to aquatic receiving systems is still a potential threat. To mitigate possible harm, several in-field and edge-of-field management practices have been proposed, including conservation tillage, stiff grass hedges, riparian buffers, and constructed wetlands. By incorporating several individual components of these management practices, vegetated agricultural drainage ditches (VADD) have been proposed as a potential economical and environmentally efficient management practice to mitigate effects of pesticides in irrigation and storm runoff. A field trial was held in Yolo County, California, where three ditches (U-shaped vegetated; V-shaped vegetated; and V-shaped unvegetated) were constructed and amended for 8 h each with a mixture of permethrin and suspended sediment simulating an irrigation runoff event. Spatial and temporal collections of water, sediment, and plant samples were analyzed for cis and trans permethrin concentrations. Because the cis- isomer of permethrin is considered more toxic than the trans- isomer, only cis-permethrin results are reported herein. Cis-permethrin half-lives in water were similar between ditches ranging from 2.4-4.1 h. The differences between half-distances (distance required to reduce initial pesticide concentration by 50%) among the V-shaped vegetated and unvegetated ditches were two times more efficient with vegetation, indicating importance of vegetation in mitigation. Cis-permethrin half-distances ranged from 22 m (V-vegetated) to 50 m (V-unvegetated). These studies are being used to validate a computer simulation model that is being developed to design VADD for site-specific implementation. Utilizing features already present in the agricultural landscape, such as drainage ditches, will provide farmers with an economical alternative that still is protective of the receiving aquatic environment. C1 [Denton, D. L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Denton, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 9, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7433-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2008 VL 991 BP 417 EP 427 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BLH67 UT WOS:000270195300019 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, EM Von Dohlen, CD AF Pilgrim, Erik M. Von Dohlen, Carol D. TI Phylogeny of the Sympetrinae (Odonata : Libellulidae): further evidence of the homoplasious nature of wing venation SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RDNA SEQUENCES; COENAGRIONIDAE; ZYGOPTERA; DAMSELFLIES; PERSPECTIVE; ANISOPTERA; ENALLAGMA; SIGNAL AB Sympetrinae is the largest subfamily of the diverse dragonfly family Libellulidae. This subfamily, like most libellulid subfamilies, is defined currently by a few wing venation characters, none of which are synapomorphies for the taxon. In this study, we used DNA sequence data from the nuclear locus elongation factor-let and the mitochondrial loci 16S and 12S rRNA, together with 38 wing venation characters, to test the monophyly of the Sympetrinae and several other libellulid subfamilies. No analysis recovered Sympetrinae as monophyletic, partly because of the position of Leucorrhinia (of the subfamily Leucorrhininae) as a strongly supported sister to Sympetrum (of Sympetrinae) in all analyses. The subfamilies Brachydiplactinae, Leucorrhininae, Trameinae and Trithemistinae were also found not to be monophyletic. Libellulinae was the only subfamily supported strongly as monophyletic. Consistency indices and retention indices of wing venation characters used to define various subfamilies were closer to zero than unity, showing that many of these characters were homoplasious, and therefore not useful for a classification scheme within Libellulidae. C1 [Pilgrim, Erik M.; Von Dohlen, Carol D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pilgrim, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pilgrim.erik@epa.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00401.x PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 263OZ UT WOS:000253227700009 ER PT J AU Keenan, C Elmore, S Franckecarroll, S Kemp, R Kerlin, R Pletcher, J Rinke, M Schmidt, P Taylor, I Wolf, D AF Keenan, Charlotte Elmore, Susan Franckecarroll, Sabine Kemp, Ramon Kerlin, Roy Pletcher, John Rinke, Matthias Schmidt, Peter Taylor, Ian Wolf, Douglas TI STP Working Group for Historical Control Data of Proliferative Rodent Lesions SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keenan, Charlotte] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Elmore, Susan] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Franckecarroll, Sabine] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kemp, Ramon] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. [Kerlin, Roy] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. [Pletcher, John] Charles River Labs, Frederick, MD USA. [Rinke, Matthias] BayerHealthCare AG, Wuppertal, Germany. [Schmidt, Peter] Pfizer Inc, Kalamazoo, MI USA. [Wolf, Douglas] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 MA P24 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UF UT WOS:000267456900043 ER PT J AU Wyde, ME Bordelon, NR Mann, J Hill, G Painter, JT Yoshizawa, K Hebert, CD Bucher, JR Nyska, A AF Wyde, Michael E. Bordelon, Nancy R. Mann, Jill Hill, Georgette Painter, J. Todd Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko Hebert, Charles D. Bucher, John R. Nyska, Abraham TI Subchronic Administration of Indole-3-Carbinol in B6C3F1 Mice and Fischer 344 Rats Is Associated with Increased Hepatic CYP 1A1 and 1A2 Activities, but without Liver Toxicity SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wyde, Michael E.; Bucher, John R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hill, Georgette] ILS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Painter, J. Todd] EPL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko] Astellas Pharma Inc, Osaka, Japan. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 MA P57 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UF UT WOS:000267456900076 ER PT J AU Flagler, N Ney, E Johnson, K Malarkey, D AF Flagler, Norris Ney, Eli Johnson, Kennita Malarkey, David TI Comparison of Current Technologies for Capturing Photomicrographs for Journal Submission SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flagler, Norris; Ney, Eli; Johnson, Kennita; Malarkey, David] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 MA P65 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UF UT WOS:000267456900084 ER PT J AU Flagler, N Ney, E Mahler, B Malarkey, D AF Flagler, Norris Ney, Eli Mahler, Beth Malarkey, David TI Publication Images: To Adjust or Not to Adjust SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flagler, Norris; Ney, Eli; Malarkey, David] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mahler, Beth] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 MA P74 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UF UT WOS:000267456900093 ER PT J AU Richard, AM Yang, C Judson, RS AF Richard, Ann M. Yang, Chihae Judson, Richard S. TI Toxicity data informatics: Supporting a new paradigm for toxicity prediction SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Review DE ACToR; data models; DSSTox; predictive toxicology; SAR; structure-activity-relationships; toxicoinformatics; ToxML ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; RELATIONSHIP MODELS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AB Chemical toxicity data at all levels of description, from treatment-level dose response data to a high-level summarized toxicity "endpoint," effectively circumscribe, enable, and limit predictive toxicology approaches and capabilities. Several new and evolving public data initiatives focused on the world of chemical toxicity information - as represented here by ToxML (Toxicology XML standard), DSSTox (Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity Database Network), and ACToR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource) - are contributing to the creation of a more unified, mineable, and modelable landscape of public toxicity data. These projects address different layers in the spectrum of toxicological data representation and detail and, additionally, span diverse domains of toxicology and chemistry in relation to industry and environmental regulatory concerns. For each of the three projects, data standards are the key to enabling "read-across" in relation to toxicity data and chemical-indexed information. In turn, "read-across" capability enables flexible data mining, as well as meaningful aggregation of lower levels of toxicity information to summarized, modelable endpoints spanning sufficient areas of chemical space for building predictive models. By means of shared data standards and transparent and flexible rules for data aggregation, these and related public data initiatives are effectively spanning the divides among experimental toxicologists, computational modelers, and the world of chemically indexed, publicly available toxicity information. C1 [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, Chihae] Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Judson, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 57 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1080/15376510701857452 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZW UT WOS:000254395700003 PM 20020908 ER PT J AU Martin, TM Harten, P Venkatapathy, R Das, S Young, DM AF Martin, Todd M. Harten, Paul Venkatapathy, Raghuraman Das, Shashikala Young, Douglas M. TI A hierarchical clustering methodology for the estimation of toxicity SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR); hierarchical clustering; genetic algorithm; computational toxicology ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP; FATHEAD MINNOW; TETRAHYMENA-PYRIFORMIS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE; QSAR APPROACH; ELECTROTOPOLOGICAL STATE; HETEROAROMATIC AMINES; MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology based on hierarchical clustering was developed to predict toxicological endpoints. This methodology utilizes Ward's method to divide a training set into a series of structurally similar clusters. The structural similarity is defined in terms of 2-D physicochemical descriptors (such as connectivity and E-state indices). A genetic algorithm-based technique is used to generate statistically valid QSAR models for each cluster (using the pool of descriptors described above). The toxicity for a given query compound is estimated using the weighted average of the predictions from the closest cluster from each step in the hierarchical clustering assuming that the compound is within the domain of applicability of the cluster. The hierarchical clustering methodology was tested using a Tetrahymena pyriformis acute toxicity data set containing 644 chemicals in the training set and with two prediction sets containing 339 and 110 chemicals. The results from the hierarchical clustering methodology were compared to the results from several different QSAR methodologies. C1 [Martin, Todd M.; Harten, Paul; Young, Douglas M.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Venkatapathy, Raghuraman; Das, Shashikala] Pegasus Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Martin, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM martin.todd@epa.gov NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1080/15376510701857353 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZW UT WOS:000254395700014 PM 20020919 ER PT J AU Yang, C Hasselgren, CH Boyer, S Arvidson, K Aveston, S Dierkes, P Benigni, R Benz, RD Contrera, J Kruhlak, NL Matthews, EJ Han, X Jaworska, J Kemper, RA Rathman, JF Richard, AM AF Yang, C. Hasselgren, C. H. Boyer, S. Arvidson, K. Aveston, S. Dierkes, P. Benigni, R. Benz, R. D. Contrera, J. Kruhlak, N. L. Matthews, E. J. Han, X. Jaworska, J. Kemper, R. A. Rathman, J. F. Richard, A. M. TI Understanding genetic toxicity through data mining: The process of building knowledge by integrating multiple genetic toxicity databases SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE genetic toxicity; Databases; ToxML; SAR; QSAR; structural alerts ID IN-VITRO; POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; CHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION; TOXICOLOGY; SOFTWARE; ASSAY AB Genetic toxicity data from various sources were integrated into a rigorously designed database using the ToxML schema. The public database sources include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submission data from approved new drug applications, food contact notifications, generally recognized as safe food ingredients, and chemicals from the NTP and CCRIS databases. The data from public sources were then combined with data from private industry according to ToxML criteria. The resulting "integrated" database, enriched in pharmaceuticals, was used for data mining analysis. Structural features describing the database were used to differentiate the chemical spaces of drugs/candidates, food ingredients, and industrial chemicals. In general, structures for drugs/candidates and food ingredients are associated with lower frequencies of mutagenicity and clastogenicity, whereas industrial chemicals as a group contain a much higher proportion of positives. Structural features were selected to analyze endpoint outcomes of the genetic toxicity studies. Although most of the well-known genotoxic carcinogenic alerts were identified, some discrepancies from the classic Ashby-Tennant alerts were observed. Using these influential features as the independent variables, the results of four types of genotoxicity studies were correlated. High Pearson correlations were found between the results of Salmonella mutagenicity and mouse lymphoma assay testing as well as those from in vitro chromosome aberration studies. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of representing a chemical by its structural features and the use of these features to profile a battery of tests rather than relying on a single toxicity test of a given chemical. This paper presents data mining/profiling methods applied in a weight-of-evidence approach to assess potential for genetic toxicity, and to guide the development of intelligent testing strategies. C1 [Yang, C.] Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Hasselgren, C. H.; Boyer, S.] AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal 43183, Sweden. [Arvidson, K.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Food Addit Safety, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Aveston, S.; Dierkes, P.] Unilever Safety & Environm Assurance Ctr, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, Beds, England. [Benigni, R.] Ist Super Sanita, Environm & Hlth Dept, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Benz, R. D.; Contrera, J.; Kruhlak, N. L.; Matthews, E. J.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Pharmaceut Sci, Informat & Computat Safety Anal Staff, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Han, X.] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Jaworska, J.] Procter & Gramble, Cent Prod Safety, Strombeek Bever, Bever, Belgium. [Kemper, R. A.] Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. [Rathman, J. F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Richard, A. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM cyang@leadscope.com RI Dierkes, Peter/G-1461-2010 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 295 DI 10.1080/15376510701857502 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZW UT WOS:000254395700016 PM 20020921 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Hoffman, AD Fitzsimmons, PN Lien, GJ AF Nichols, John W. Hoffman, Alex D. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Lien, Gregory J. TI Quantification of phenol, phenyl glucuronide, and phenyl sulfate in blood of unanesthetized rainbow trout by online microdialysis sampling SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE microdialysis; phenol; phenyl glucuronide; phenyl sulfate; rainbow trout; blood sampling; fish; kinetics; microdialysis; phenol; phenyl glucuronide; phenyl sulfate; rainbow trout ID IN-VIVO MICRODIALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE MICRODIALYSIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; METABOLITES; CALIBRATION; VITRO; RETRODIALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; INVIVO; PROBE AB Free concentrations of phenol (PH), phenyl glucuronide (PG), and phenyl sulfate (PS) were measured in the bloodstream of unanesthetized rainbow trout by online microdialysis (MD) sampling. Preliminary studies were conducted to optimize the MD system and evaluate three retrodialysis calibration standards: p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (PNPG), p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNPS), and [C-14]-phenol (C-14-PH). PG and PNPG exhibited nearly identical dialyzing properties in vitro (saline and plasma) and in vivo (muscle tissue and dorsal aorta). A similar result was obtained for PS and PNPS. In vivo studies were therefore performed using PNPG, PNPS, and C-14-PH as retrodialysis calibrators for PG, PS, and PH, respectively. The utility of MD sampling for kinetic studies with fish was investigated by implanting MD probes into the dorsal aorta of spinally transected rainbow trout. Each fish was then exposed to PH in water in a respirometer-metabolism chamber. The free concentration of PH in blood reached a steady-state level within 12 h of initiating the exposure. A steady state for PS was generally established within 24 h, while free concentrations of PG tended to increase throughout the exposure. Terminal plasma samples were dialyzed using the same probe employed in each experiment. Analyte concentrations determined in this manner were in good agreement with calculated in vivo values. The methods described in this study can be used to collect kinetic data sets of high temporal resolution while eliminating artifacts often associated with conventional blood sampling methods. C1 [Nichols, John W.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Lien, Gregory J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1080/15376510701511935 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 317OK UT WOS:000257029300003 PM 20020864 ER PT J AU Meador, MR Whittier, TR Goldstein, RM Hughes, RM Peck, DV AF Meador, Michael R. Whittier, Thomas R. Goldstein, Robert M. Hughes, Robert M. Peck, David V. TI Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western US streams and rivers at varying spatial scales SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; WISCONSIN STREAMS; SPECIES TRAITS; WATER-QUALITY; ASSEMBLAGES; OREGON; VALUES; IBI AB Consistent assessments of biological condition are needed across multiple ecoregions to provide a greater understanding of the spatial extent of environmental degradation. However, consistent assessments at large geographic scales are often hampered by lack of uniformity in data collection, analyses, and interpretation. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) has been widely used in eastern and central North America, where fish assemblages are complex and largely composed of native species, but IBI development has been hindered in the western United States because of relatively low fish species richness and greater relative abundance of alien fishes. Approaches to developing IBIs rarely provide a consistent means of assessing biological condition across multiple ecoregions. We conducted an evaluation of IBIs recently proposed for three ecoregions of the western United States using an independent data set covering a large geographic scale. We standardized the regional IBIs and developed biological condition criteria, assessed the responsiveness of IBIs to basin-level land uses, and assessed their precision and concordance with basin-scale IBIs. Standardized IBI scores from 318 sites in the western United States comprising mountain, plains, and xeric ecoregions were significantly related to combined urban and agricultural land uses. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation revealed relatively low variation in IBI scores based on multiple sampling reaches at sites. A relatively high degree of corroboration with independent, locally developed IBIs indicates that the regional IBIs are robust across large geographic scales, providing precise and accurate assessments of biological condition for western U.S. streams. C1 [Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Whittier, Thomas R.; Goldstein, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Goldstein, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Peck, David V.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1577/T07-054.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600002 ER PT J AU Lai, E Lundie, S Ashbolt, NJ AF Lai, E. Lundie, S. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Review of multi-criteria decision aid for integrated sustainability assessment of urban water systems SO URBAN WATER JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE multi-criteria decision aid; integrated framework; decision making; shortcomings; sustainability assessment; urban water ID MULTIPLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; SUPPORT; FRAMEWORK; INDEPENDENCE; ISSUES; JORDAN; MCDA AB Integrated sustainability assessment is part of a new paradigm for urban water decision making. Multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) is an integrative framework used in urban water sustainability assessment, which has a particular focus on utilising stakeholder participation. Here MCDA is reviewed in the context of urban water management used in a decision making framework. Three other commonly used integrated approaches in urban water management (cost-benefit analysis, triple bottom line and integrated assessment) are compared with MCDA. Generic types of shortcomings associated with MCDA are discussed to provide an understanding of MCDA's limitation in urban water management decision making; including 1) preferential independency, 2) double counting and under-counting, and 3) transparency of MCDA methods and results. C1 [Lai, E.; Lundie, S.; Ashbolt, N. J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lai, E (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM elai@civeng.unsw.edu.au FU Australian Research Council (ARC); Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA); Total Environmental Centre (TEC) FX The authors wish to thank the following funding agencies that supported this paper: Australian Research Council (ARC) linkage grant with the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) and the Total Environmental Centre (TEC). This paper has been subjected to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency nor should official endorsement be inferred. NR 106 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-062X EI 1744-9006 J9 URBAN WATER J JI Urban Water J. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1080/15730620802041038 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 394HS UT WOS:000262437700004 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJR Oshida, PS Buchman, M Ginn, T Donnelly, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Buchman, Michael Ginn, Thomas Donnelly, Robert TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; POLYCHAETE HYDROIDS-ELEGANS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; COPEPOD CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Buchman, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Donnelly, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 283 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2008 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1979 DI 10.2175/106143008X328860 PG 62 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QM UT WOS:000261128400036 ER PT J AU Morgan, C Wolverton, A AF Morgan, Cynthia Wolverton, Ann TI Water quality trading in the United States: trading programs and one-time offset agreements SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE market-based trading; non-point source pollution; offset initiatives; water quality AB This paper provides a systematic overview of water quality trading programs and one-time offset agreements in the USA. The primary source of information for this overview is a detailed database, collected and compiled by a team of researchers at Dartmouth College. Details discussed include: sources of the pollutant, types of pollutants traded, legal liability, main regulatory drivers, market structure, trading ratios, transaction and administrative costs and difficulties encountered in trading. We find that trading has often been explored as a way to meet more stringent discharge limits or watershed-wide caps. The most common type of trading program in the United States is between point sources and non-point sources. Point sources are usually held liable for non-point source reductions. The pollutants most commonly traded in the USA are nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and almost all offset and trading programs focus on one pollutant only. However, market structures, trading ratios and other details of the trading framework vary widely among programs. No single characteristic appears to be a good predictor of a successful trading program. C1 [Morgan, Cynthia; Wolverton, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Morgan, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Av,NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM morgan.cynthia@epa.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 73 EP 93 DI 10.2166/wp.2007.028 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 253AS UT WOS:000252490800005 ER PT J AU Chen, WR Wu, C Elovitz, MS Linden, KG Suffet, IHM AF Chen, Wei R. Wu, Chanylong Elovitz, Michael S. Linden, Karl G. Suffet, I. H. Mel TI Reactions of thiocarbamate, triazine and urea herbicides, RDX and benzenes on EPA Contaminant Candidate List with ozone and with hydroxyl radicals SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rate constants; direct ozone reactions; indirect CH radical reactions; ozonation; ozone/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process; Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) ID NITROAROMATIC HYDROCARBON OZONATION; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; PRODUCTS; ATRAZINE AB Second-order rate constants of the direct ozone reactions (k(O3).(M)) and the indirect OH radical reactions (k(OH,M)) for nine chemicals on the US EPA's Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) were studied during the ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process (O-3/H2O2 AOP) using batch reactors. Except for the thiocarbamate herbicides (molinate and EPTC), all other CCL chemicals (linuron, diuron, prometon, RDX, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene and nitrobenzene) show low reactivity toward ozone. The general magnitude of ozone reactivity of the CCL chemicals can be explained by their structures and the electrophilic nature of ozone reactions. The CCL chemicals (except RDX) are highly reactive toward OH radicals as demonstrated by their high kOH,M values. Ozonation at low pH, which involves mainly the direct ozone reaction, is only efficient for the removal of the thiocarbamates. Ozonation at high pH and O-3/H2O2 AOP will be highly efficient for the treatment of all chemicals in this study except RDX, which shows the lowest OH radical reactivity. Removal of a contaminant does not mean complete mineralization and reaction byproducts may be a problem if they are recalcitrant and are likely to cause health concerns. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Wei R.; Suffet, I. H. Mel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wu, Chanylong; Linden, Karl G.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Elovitz, Michael S.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Treatment Technol & Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Elovitz, Michael S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rwei2005@yahoo.com; msuffet@ucla.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.037 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 260YI UT WOS:000253045900012 PM 17719074 ER PT J AU Surampalli, RY Lai, KCK Banerji, SK Smith, J Tyagi, RD Lohani, BN AF Surampalli, R. Y. Lai, K. C. K. Banerji, S. K. Smith, J. Tyagi, R. D. Lohani, B. N. TI Long-term land application of biosolids - a case study SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids; groundwater; heavy metals; land application; nitrate-nitrogen; soil ID SEWAGE SLUDGE; MOVEMENT AB Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater and soil quality of an application site, which had been operated for 8-15 years, was evaluated in this study. During and after the biosolids application, biosolids- amended soil, groundwater, and background soil samples were collected mainly for pathogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal analyses. Soil test data showed that there was no heavy metal accumulation in the biosolids-amended soil even after 10 years of biosolids application. Similar results were also observed from the groundwater samples in which the heavy metal concentrations in all groundwater samples were well below the maximum contamination levels of the drinking water standards. In addition, bacteriological levels of the soil and groundwater samples were close to the background level and below the permissible limits, respectively, thereby showing no pathogen contamination. However, nitrate-nitrogen contamination of the groundwater was occasionally observed probably due to an excess loading of the biosolids in the past. This problem can be alleviated by applying biosolids at agronomic rates so that no excess nitrogen is available for leaching down to the groundwater. C1 [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. [Lai, K. C. K.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Banerji, S. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Columbia, MO USA. [Smith, J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 2M3, Canada. [Lohani, B. N.] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. RP Surampalli, RY (reprint author), US EPA, POB 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. EM Surampalli.Rao@epamail.epa.gov; chun.lai@engr.utexas.edu; BanerjiS@missouri.edu; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.2166/wst.2008.024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 268KN UT WOS:000253578800007 PM 18309211 ER PT J AU Drouin, M Lai, CK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Drouin, M. Lai, C. K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Bacillus licheniformis proteases as high value added products from fermentation of wastewater sludge: pre-treatment of sludge to increase the performance of the process SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline protease; bacillus licheniformis; pre-treatment; wastewater sludge ID MICROBIAL ALKALINE PROTEASES AB Wastewater sludge is a complex raw material that can support growth and protease production by Bacillus licheniformis. In this study, sludge was treated by different thermo-alkaline pretreatment methods and subjected to Bacillus licheniformis fermentation in bench scale fermentors under controlled conditions. Thermo-alkaline treatment was found to be an effective pre-treatment process in order to enhance the proteolytic activity. Among the different pre-treated sludges tested, a mixture of raw and hydrolysed sludge caused an increase of 15% in the protease activity, as compared to the untreated sludge. The benefit of hydrolysis has been attributed to a better oxygen transfer due to decrease in media viscosity and to an increase in nutrient availability. Foam formation was a major concern during fermentation with hydrolysed sludge. The studies showed that addition of a chemical anti-foaming agent ( polypropylene glycol) during fermentation to control foam could negatively influence the protease production by increasing the viscosity of sludge. C1 [Drouin, M.; Lai, C. K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Drouin, M (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM mathieu.drouin@ete.inrs.ca; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.2166/wst.2008.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 268KN UT WOS:000253578800018 PM 18309222 ER PT J AU Yan, S Subramanian, SB Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Yan, S. Subramanian, S. Bala Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Polymer production by bacterial strains isolated from activated sludge treating municipal wastewater SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated sludge; biodegradable plastics; isolation; polyhydroxyalkanoates ( PHAs); storage polymer ID MIXED MICROBIAL CULTURES; BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE); POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; PH AB Polyhydroxyalkanoates ( PHAs) accumulating bacteria were isolated from activated sludge samples collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Quebec. Twelve bacterial strains were screened for PHA production with acetate as sole carbon source. PHA granules exhibited a strong orange fluorescence when stained with Nile blue A observed under microscope ( X100x). PHA was also analyzed by Gas Chromatography Linked to Mass Spectroscopy ( GCMS) to further confirm the presence and the concentration of PHA. To compare the abilities of these PHA accumulating bacterial strains, synthetic media with acetate as carbon source was prepared to accumulate PHA in 500mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 150 of the medium. These flasks were then inoculated with the isolated bacterial strains, incubated at 25 degrees C for 48 hours in a rotary shaker at 220 rpm. The results showed that the bacterial strains isolated from sludge possess different abilities for accumulating PHA. The maximum PHA content of 27.50% was obtained by strain PHA- SB3. The PHB/ PHV ratio of the copolymer produced in the study changed in accordance with operating time and strains. C1 [Yan, S.; Subramanian, S. Bala; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Yan, S (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 de la Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca OI Sellamuthu, Balassubramanian/0000-0002-7018-6854 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.2166/wst.2008.029 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 281WQ UT WOS:000254530000011 PM 18359992 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Marcovich, D AF Rogers, John E. Marcovich, Dragoslav TI A simple method for the extraction and quantification of photopigments from Symbiodinium spp. SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Symbiodinium; photopigments; methanol extraction; coral ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLLS; CAROTENOIDS AB We have developed a simple, mild extraction procedure using methanol which, when coupled with HPLC analysis and diode array detection (DAD), can be used to quantify the major photopigments found in cultured Symbiodinium spp. Extracts were prepared by suspending, fresh or frozen (-70 degrees C), wet cell pellets in methanol and sonicating or not sonicating the cell suspensions before soaking the cells for 2 h in an ice bath. To assist the soaking process, cell suspensions were vortex mixed at 30 min intervals. After soaking, 0.5 M ammonium acetate buffer was added (1 part buffer to 9 parts methanol) before suspensions were stored over night at -20 degrees C. Greater than 92% the recoverable pigment was obtained in the initial extraction of the four major photopigments, chlorophyll c, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, and chlorophyll a. Neither sonication nor freezing substantially increased the recovery of photopigments extracted with methanol. Extraction by other commonly used solvents such as acetone or acetone:water with or without freezing and sonication were less effective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rogers, John E.; Marcovich, Dragoslav] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Rogers.johne@epa.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.08.022 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247IG UT WOS:000252071200005 ER PT J AU Szmigielski, R Surratt, JD Gomez-Gonzalez, Y Van der Veken, P Kourtchev, I Vermeylen, R Blockhuys, F Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Edney, EO Seinfeld, JH Maenhaut, W Claeys, M AF Szmigielski, Rafal Surratt, Jason D. Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian Van der Veken, Pieter Kourtchev, Ivan Vermeylen, Reinhilde Blockhuys, Frank Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Edney, Edward O. Seinfeld, John H. Maenhaut, Willy Claeys, Magda TI 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid: An atmospheric tracer for terpene secondary organic aerosol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; ALPHA-PINENE; OXIDATION; MONOTERPENES; PHOTOOXIDATION; FOREST; ISOPRENE; YIELDS; PM2.5; NOX AB Highly oxygenated compounds assigned to be oxidation products of alpha-pinene have recently been observed in substantial concentrations in ambient aerosols. Here, we confirm the unknown alpha- pinene tracer compound with molecular weight (MW) 204 as the C-8-tricarboxylic acid 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid. Its gas and liquid chromatographic behaviors and its mass spectral characteristics in electron ionization and negative ion electrospray ionization perfectly agree with those of a synthesized reference compound. The formation of this compound is explained by further reaction of cis-pinonic acid involving participation of the OH radical. This study illustrates that complex, multi-generation chemistry holds for the photooxidation of alpha-pinene in the presence of NOx. C1 [Szmigielski, Rafal; Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian; Van der Veken, Pieter; Kourtchev, Ivan; Vermeylen, Reinhilde; Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Surratt, Jason D.] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blockhuys, Frank] Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Szmigielski, R (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM magda.claeys@ua.ac.be RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; Van der Veken, Pieter/P-5819-2016 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Van der Veken, Pieter/0000-0003-1208-3571 NR 23 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 10 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24811 DI 10.1029/2007GL031338 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NE UT WOS:000252012900001 ER PT J AU Sunderland, EM Mason, RP AF Sunderland, Elsie M. Mason, Robert P. TI Human impacts on open ocean mercury concentrations SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; ORGANIC-CARBON AB [1] We develop an empirically constrained multicompartment box model for mercury cycling in open ocean regions to investigate changes in concentrations resulting from anthropogenic perturbations of the global mercury cycle. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we explicitly consider the effects of variability in measured parameters on modeled seawater concentrations. Our simulations show that anthropogenic enrichment in all surface (25%) and deep ocean waters (11%) is lower than global atmospheric enrichment (300 - 500%) and varies considerably among geographic regions, ranging from > 60% in parts of the Atlantic and Mediterranean to < 1% in the deep Pacific. Model results indicate that open ocean mercury concentrations do not rapidly equilibrate with atmospheric deposition and on average will increase if anthropogenic emissions remain at their present level. We estimate the temporal lag between changes in atmospheric deposition and ocean mercury concentrations will vary from decades in most of the Atlantic up to centuries in parts of the Pacific. C1 [Sunderland, Elsie M.] US EPA Region 1, Boston, MA USA. [Mason, Robert P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Sunderland, Elsie M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Boston, MA USA. RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA Region 1, 1 Congress St, Suite 1100,Mail Code CWQ, Boston, MA USA. EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov RI Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 NR 73 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 6 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 AR GB4022 DI 10.1029/2006GB002876 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NJ UT WOS:000252013400001 ER PT J AU Krahn, JM Jackson, MR DeRose, EF Howell, EE London, RE AF Krahn, Joseph M. Jackson, Michael R. DeRose, Eugene F. Howell, Elizabeth E. London, Robert E. TI Crystal structure of a type II dihydrofolate reductase catalytic ternary complex SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE-ASSISTED CATALYSIS; HYDRIDE TRANSFER STEP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSITION-STATE; LIGAND-BINDING; ACTIVE-SITE; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; PYRIDINE-NUCLEOTIDES; ENZYME CATALYSIS; R67 AB Type 11 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a plasmid-encoded enzyme that confers resistance to bacterial DHFR-targeted antifolate drugs. It forms a symmetric homotetramer with a central pore which functions as the active site. Its unusual structure, which results in a promiscuous binding surface that accommodates either the dihydrofolate (DHF) substrate or the NADPH cofactor, has constituted a significant limitation to efforts to understand its substrate specificity and reaction mechanism. We describe here the first structure of a ternary R67 DHFR center dot DHF center dot NADP(+) catalytic complex, resolved to 1.26 angstrom. This structure provides the first clear picture of how this enzyme, which lacks the active site carboxyl residue that is ubiquitous in Type I DHFRs, is able to function. In the catalytic complex, the polar backbone atoms of two symmetry-related 168 residues provide recognition motifs that interact with the carboxamide on the nicotinamide ring, and the N3-O4 amide function on the pteridine ring. This set of interactions orients the aromatic rings of substrate and cofactor in a relative endo geometry in which the reactive centers are held in close proximity. Additionally, a central, hydrogen-bonded network consisting of two pairs of Y69-Q67-Q67'-Y69' residues provides an unusually tight interface, which appears to serve as a "molecular clamp" holding the substrates in place in an orientation conducive to hydride transfer. In addition to providing the first clear insight regarding how this extremely unusual enzyme is able to function, the structure of the ternary complex provides general insights into how a mutationally challenged enzyme, i.e., an enzyme whose evolution is restricted to four-residues-at-a-time active site mutations, overcomes this fundamental limitation. C1 [Krahn, Joseph M.; DeRose, Eugene F.; London, Robert E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jackson, Michael R.; Howell, Elizabeth E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP London, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050147-13, Z01 ES050111-19]; PHS HHS [HHSN273200700046U] NR 67 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 51 BP 14878 EP 14888 DI 10.1021/bi701532r PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 242OG UT WOS:000251734500015 PM 18052202 ER PT J AU Reddy, NM Kleeberger, SR Yamamoto, M Kensler, TW Scollick, C Biswal, S Reddy, SP AF Reddy, Narsa M. Kleeberger, Steven R. Yamamoto, Masayuki Kensler, Thomas W. Scollick, Catherine Biswal, Shyam Reddy, Sekhar P. TI Genetic dissection of the Nrf2-dependent redox signaling-regulated transcriptional programs of cell proliferation and cytoprotection SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; antioxidants; lung; glutathione ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; NRF2; LUNG; RECEPTOR; GLUTATHIONYLATION; INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; PROTECTS; BETA AB The beta zipper (bZip) transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2, like 2 (Nrf2), acting via an antioxidant/electrophile response element, regulates the expression of several antioxidant enzymes and maintains cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 deficiency diminishes pulmonary expression of several antioxidant enzymes, rendering them highly susceptible to various mouse models of prooxidant-induced lung injury. We recently demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency impairs primary cultured pulmonary epithelial cell proliferation and greatly enhances sensitivity to prooxidant-induced cell death. Glutathione (GSH) supplementation rescued cells from these defects associated with Nrf2 deficiency. To further delineate the mechanisms by which Nrf2, via redox signaling, regulates cellular protection and proliferation, we compared the global expression profiling of Nrf2-deficient cells with and without GSH supplementation. We found that GSH regulates the expression of various networks of transcriptional programs including 1) several antioxidant enzymes involved in cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species and recycling of thiol status and 2) several growth factors, growth factor receptors, and integrins that are critical for cell growth and proliferation. We also found that Nrf2 deficiency enhances the expression levels of several genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines; however, GSH supplementation markedly suppressed their expression. Collectively, these findings uncover an important insight into the nature of genes regulated by Nrf2-dependent redox signaling through GSH that are involved in cellular detoxification and proliferation. C1 [Reddy, Narsa M.; Kensler, Thomas W.; Scollick, Catherine; Biswal, Shyam; Reddy, Sekhar P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yamamoto, Masayuki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Biochem Med, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. RP Reddy, NM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Rm E7547,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sreddy@jhsph.edu RI Yamamoto, Masayuki/A-4873-2010; Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014 OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-94076]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-66109, HL-81205, P50-HL-073994, R01 HL081205, R01 HL081205-03]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES-038819] NR 32 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2007 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 243FP UT WOS:000251780900008 PM 17895394 ER PT J AU Holguin, F Flores, S Ross, Z Cortez, M Molina, M Molina, L Rincon, C Jerrett, M Berhane, K Granados, A Romieu, I AF Holguin, Fernando Flores, Silvia Ross, Zev Cortez, Marlene Molina, Mario Molina, Luisa Rincon, Carlos Jerrett, Michael Berhane, Kiros Granados, Alfredo Romieu, Isabelle TI Traffic-related exposures, airway function, inflammation, and respiratory symptoms in children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air pollution; traffic; asthma; exhaled nitric oxide ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; POLLUTION; ROAD; HEALTH; CANADA; HOSPITALIZATION AB Rationale: Traffic-related emissions have been associated with respiratory symptoms in some studies. However, there is limited information on how traffic-related emissions relate to lung function and airway inflammation. Objectives: To determine the differential association of traffic-related exposures with exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and lung volumes and symptoms in children with and without asthma. Methods: We performed a longitudinal study of 200 children from ages 6 to 12 years of whom half had physician-diagnosed asthma. Two-week NO(2) and 48-hour average levels of elemental carbon and particulate matter of less than 2.5 mu m (PM(2.5)) were measured at participating schools. Road and traffic densities were determine at schools and at each participant's house. Measurements and Main Results: In children with asthma, an inter-quartile increase in road density within the 50-, 100-, and 200-m home buffer areas was associated with increased exhaled NO (50 m: 28%; P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3-60; 100 m: 27%; P = 0.005; 95% Cl, 8-49; 200 m: 17%, P = 0.09, 95% Cl, -2 to 40), and reduced FEV(1) (50 m: -0.091 L; P = 0.038; 95% Cl, -0.174 to -0.007; 100 m: -0.072 L, P = -0.028, 95% Cl, -0.134 to -0.009; 200 in: -0.106L, P= 0.002,95%Cl, -0.171 to -0.041]). Exposure to NO(2) at schools was marginally associated with reduced FEV(1) (-0.020; P = 0.060; 95% Cl, -0.042 to 0.001). We did not observe significant associations with PM(2.5) or elemental carbon on exhaled NO. We did not observe significant reductions in lung volumes or changes in exhaled NO among healthy children. Conclusions: Vehicular traffic exposures are associated with increased levels of exhaled NO and reduced lung volumes in children with asthma. C1 [Holguin, Fernando] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Flores, Silvia; Cortez, Marlene; Romieu, Isabelle] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Ross, Zev] Zev Ross Spat Anal, Ithaca, NY USA. [Molina, Mario] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Molina, Luisa] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rincon, Carlos] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Jerrett, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berhane, Kiros] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Granados, Alfredo] Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Juarez, Mexico. RP Holguin, F (reprint author), 550 Peachtree St,NE,Room 2331, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM fch@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 12 BP 1236 EP 1242 DI 10.1164/rccm.200611-1616OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 243PZ UT WOS:000251811100011 PM 17641154 ER PT J AU Jones, WJ Mazur, CS Kenneke, JF Garrison, AW AF Jones, W. Jack Mazur, Christopher S. Kenneke, John F. Garrison, A. Wayne TI Enantioselective microbial transformation of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil in anoxic sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PESTICIDES; DESULFINYL PHOTOPRODUCT; AMPHIASCUS-TENUIREMIS; FIELD CONDITIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; DEGRADATION; SOIL; TOXICITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DISSIPATION AB Fipronil, a chiral insecticide, was biotransformed initially to fipronil sulfide in anoxic sediment slurries following a short lag period. Sulfidogenic or methanogenic sediments transformed fipronil with half-lives of approximately 35 and 40 days, respectively. In all microbially active sediment slurries tested, the transformation of fipronil to fipronil sulfide was enantioselective. In the sulfidogenic sediment slurry, the enantiomeric fraction (EF) of fipronil decreased from an initial racemic EF value of 0.46 to a value of 0.22 during the incubation period of active fipronil transformation, indicating preferential transformation of the S-(+)-enantiomer. A previously unidentified product, 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-4-(trifluorometh-ylthio)-1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxyamide, or fipronil sulfide-amide, was detected in the sulfidogenic slurries and coincided with the loss of fipronil sulfide. Biota from methanogenic freshwater sediment slurries also transformed fipronil enantioselectively but with a preference for the R-( - )-enantiomer. In all microbially inhibited (autoclaved) sediment slurries tested, no changes in the enantiomeric fractions of fipronil were observed and only low levels (< 5% of the added fipronil) of the fipronil sulfide metabolite were detected. In defined (model) chemical experiments, solutions of pyrite (FeS2) and iron sulfide (FeS) non-enantioselectively transformed fipronil primarily to either 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline or to fipronil sulfide and fipronil amide, respectively. This report provides the first experimental evidence of enantioselective microbial transformation of fipronil in a natural environment (soil, water, and sediment) as well as identification of a novel fipronil biotransformation product. C1 [Jones, W. Jack; Mazur, Christopher S.; Kenneke, John F.; Garrison, A. Wayne] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jones.jack@epa.gov NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8301 EP 8307 DI 10.1021/es071409s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JB UT WOS:000251582800018 PM 18200855 ER PT J AU Dindal, A Thompson, E Aume, L Billets, S AF Dindal, Amy Thompson, Elizabeth Aume, Laura Billets, Stephen TI Application of site-specific calibration data using the CALUX by XDS bioassay for dioxin-like chemicals in soil and sediment samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; WATER; TEQ AB The Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) by Xenobiotic Detection Systems (XDS) bioassay was evaluated for the determination of the presence of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil and sediment in two studies conducted under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Monitoring and Measurement Technologies Program. In the first study, the results were compared with those generated by established laboratory methods (EPA Method 161313) using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The study results demonstrated that the technology could be used to screen for dioxin concentrations above and below threshold values (e.g., less than or greater than 1 or 50 picograms of toxicity equivalents per gram [pg TEQ/g]); however, the results were not linearly correlated to the HRMS results. A second study was initiated to evaluate performance on a site-specific basis. During the second study, the data from the XDS technology were evaluated in four ways: (1) uncalibrated to HRMS, (2) calibrated using an overall statistical model, (3) calibrated using statistical models generated on a site-specific basis, and (4) calibrated using site-specific calibration factors. The results showed that TEQ data produced by the XDS technology were more precise than the data reported during the first study. The second study also demonstrated that site-specific statistical models were better tools for understanding the relationship between the XDS and HRMS data than a single overall model generated from data from multiple sites. Ultimately, site-specific calibration was shown to be the best approach because it was a simple and accurate Way of correcting the XDS data and improving comparability with HRMS. C1 [Dindal, Amy; Thompson, Elizabeth; Aume, Laura] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Billets, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Dindal, A (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM dindala@battelle.org NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8376 EP 8382 DI 10.1021/es071303x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JB UT WOS:000251582800029 PM 18200866 ER PT J AU Owens, CV Lambright, C Bobseine, K Ryan, B Gray, LE Gullett, BK Wilson, VS AF Owens, Clyde V., Jr. Lambright, Christy Bobseine, Kathy Ryan, Bryce Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Gullett, Brian K. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Identification of estrogenic compounds emitted from the combustion of computer printed circuit boards in electronic waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZOFURANS; PRODUCTS; CHINA; AIR AB Rapid changes in technology have brought about a surge in demand for electronic equipment. Many of these products contain brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) as additives to decrease the rate of combustion, raising concerns about their toxicological risk. In our study; emissions from the combustion of computer-printed circuit boards were evaluated in the T47D-KBluc estrogen-responsive cell line at a series of concentrations. There was significant activity from the emission extract when compared to the positive control, 0.1 nM estradiol. After HPLC fractionation, GC/MS identified ten chemicals which included bisphenol A; the brominated derivates mono-, di-, and tribisphenol, triphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphine oxide, 4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ol, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybiphenyl,3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybiphenyl, and the oxygenated polyaromatic hydrocarbon benzanthrone. Commercially available samples of these ten compounds were tested. The compound 4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ol resulted in dose-dependent significant increases for luciferase activity at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mu M in the T47D-KBluc assay. The chemical also demonstrated an affinity for binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) with an IC50 of 2 x 10(-7) M. To determine the uterotrophic activity, three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) of 4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ol were administered to adult ovariectomized Long-Evans rats for 3 days. Treatment of the animals with 200 mg/kg/day showed an increase in uterine weight. Hence one new chemical, released by burning of electrical wastes, was identified which displays estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, it was about 1000-fold less potent than ethynyl estradiol. C1 [Owens, Clyde V., Jr.; Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lambright, Christy; Bobseine, Kathy; Ryan, Bryce; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Owens, CV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM owens.clyde@epa.gov NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8506 EP 8511 DI 10.1021/es071425p PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JB UT WOS:000251582800049 PM 18200886 ER PT J AU Ruhoy, IS Daughton, CG AF Ruhoy, Ilene Sue Daughton, Christian G. TI Types and quantities of leftover drugs entering the environment via disposal to sewage - Revealed by coroner records SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE coroner; disposal; pharmaceuticals; patient compliance; environmental pollution; sewage ID PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE; CONTAMINANTS; DISPOSITION; MEDICATION; REMOVAL AB Pharmaceuticals designed for humans and animals often remain unused for a variety of reasons, ranging from expiration to a patient's non-compliance. These leftover, accumulated drugs represent sub-optimal delivery of health care and the potential for environmentally unsound disposal, which can pose exposure risks for humans and wildlife. A major unknown with respect to drugs as pollutants is what fractions of drug residues occurring in the ambient environment result from discarding leftover drugs. To gauge the significance of leftover drugs as potential pollutants, data are needed on the types, quantities, and frequencies with which drugs accumulate. Absence of this data has prevented assessments of the significance of drug accumulation and disposal as a contributing source of drug residues in the environment. One particular source of drug accumulation is those drugs that become "orphaned" by the death of a consumer. A new approach to acquiring the data needed to assess the magnitude and extent of drug disposal as a source of environmental pollution is presented by using the inventories of drugs maintained by coroner offices. The data from one metropolitan coroner's office demonstrates proof of concept. Coroner data on leftover drugs are useful for measuring the types and amounts of drugs accumulated by consumers. This inventory also provides an accurate measure of the individual active ingredients actually disposed into sewage by coroners. The types of questions these data can address are presented, and the possible uses of these data for deriving estimates of source contributions from the population at large are discussed. The approach is proposed for nationwide implementation (and automation) to better understand the significance of consumer disposal of medications. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Studies, 4505 Maryland Parkway,Box 45030, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234SW UT WOS:000251185300015 PM 17888494 ER PT J AU Woods, CG Kosyk, O Bradford, BU Ross, PK Burns, AM Cunningham, ML Qu, PP Ibrahim, JG Rusyn, I AF Woods, Courtney G. Kosyk, Oksana Bradford, Blair U. Ross, Pamela K. Burns, Amanda M. Cunningham, Michael L. Qu, Pingping Ibrahim, Joseph G. Rusyn, Ivan TI Time course investigation of PPAR alpha- and Kupffer cell-dependent effects of WY-14,643 in mouse liver using microarray gene expression SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferators; PPAR alpha; kupffer cells; toxicogenomics; microarrays ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; IN-VIVO; NADPH OXIDASE; HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGEN; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT HEPATOCYTES AB Administration of peroxisome proliferators to rodents causes proliferation of peroxisomes, induction of beta-oxidation enzymes, hepatocellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with chronic exposure ultimately leading to hepatocellular carcinomas. Many responses associated with peroxisome proliferators are nuclear receptor-mediated events involving peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). A role for nuclear receptor-independent events has also been shown, with evidence of Kupffer cell-mediated free radical production, presumably through NAPDH oxidase, induction of redox-sensitive transcription factors involved in cytokine production and cytokine-mediated cell replication following acute treatment with peroxisome proliferators in rodents. Recent studies have demonstrated, by using p47(phox)-null mice which are deficient in NADPH oxidase, that this enzyme is not related to the phenotypic events caused by prolonged administration of peroxisome proliferators. In an effort to determine the timing of the transition from Kupffer cell-to PPAR alpha-dependent modulation of peroxisome proliferator effects, gene expression was assessed in liver from Ppar alpha-null, p47(phox)-null and corresponding wild-type mice following treatment with 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-pyrimidynylthioacetic acid (WY-14,643) for 8 h, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week or 4 weeks. WY-14,643-induced gene expression in p47(phox)-null mouse liver differed substantially from wild-type mice at acute doses and striking differences in baseline expression of immune related genes were evident. Pathway mapping of genes that respond to WY-14,643 in a time-and dose-dependent manner demonstrates suppression of immune response, cell death and signal transduction and promotion of lipid metabolism, cell cycle and DNA repair. Furthermore, these pathways were largely dependent on PPAR alpha, not NADPH oxidase demonstrating a temporal shift in response to peroxisome proliferators. Overall, this study shows that NADPH oxidase-dependent events, while detectable following acute treatment, are transient. To the contrary, a strong PPAR alpha-specific gene signature was evident in mice that were continually exposed to WY-14,643. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Michael Hooker Res Ctr 0031, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Michael Hooker Res Ctr 0031, CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES005948, P42 ES005948-150010, P42 ES005948-160010, R01 ES012686, R01 ES012686-04, R01 ES015241, R01 ES015241-02, U19 ES011391, U19 ES011391-05] NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 225 IS 3 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.028 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 239RI UT WOS:000251535000005 PM 17950772 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Trainer, M Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Tarasick, DW Witte, JC Stohl, A Eckhardt, S Lelieveld, J Newchurch, MJ Johnson, BJ Portmann, RW Kalnajs, L Dubey, MK Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Forbes, G Wolfe, D Carey-Smith, T Morris, GA Lefer, B Rappengluck, B Joseph, E Schmidlin, F Meagher, J Fehsenfeld, FC Keating, TJ Van Curen, RA Minschwaner, K AF Cooper, O. R. Trainer, M. Thompson, A. M. Oltmans, S. J. Tarasick, D. W. Witte, J. C. Stohl, A. Eckhardt, S. Lelieveld, J. Newchurch, M. J. Johnson, B. J. Portmann, R. W. Kalnajs, L. Dubey, M. K. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Forbes, G. Wolfe, D. Carey-Smith, T. Morris, G. A. Lefer, B. Rappengluck, B. Joseph, E. Schmidlin, F. Meagher, J. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Keating, T. J. Van Curen, R. A. Minschwaner, K. TI Evidence for a recurring eastern North America upper tropospheric ozone maximum during summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ART.; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; ENHANCEMENT; POLLUTION; FLEXPART; SURFACE; TRENDS AB Daily ozonesondes were launched from 14 North American sites during August 2006, providing the best set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever gathered across the continent in a single season. The data reveal a distinct upper tropospheric ozone maximum above eastern North America and centered over the southeastern USA. Recurring each year, the location and strength of the ozone maximum is influenced by the summertime upper tropospheric anticyclone that traps convectively lofted ozone, ozone precursors and lightning NOx above the southeastern USA. The North American summer monsoon that flows northward along the Rocky Mountains is embedded within the western side of the anticyclone and also marks the westernmost extent of the ozone maximum. Removing the influence from stratospheric intrusions, median ozone mixing ratios (78 ppbv) in the upper troposphere (> 6 km) above Alabama, near the center of the anticyclone, were nearly twice the level above the U. S. west coast. Simulations by an atmospheric chemistry general circulation model indicate lightning NOx emissions led to the production of 25-30 ppbv of ozone at 250 hPa above the southern United States during the study period. On the regional scale the ozone enhancement above the southeastern United States produced a positive all-sky adjusted radiative forcing up to 0.50 W m(-2). C1 [Cooper, O. R.; Trainer, M.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Portmann, R. W.; Wolfe, D.; Meagher, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Witte, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stohl, A.; Eckhardt, S.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Lelieveld, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kalnajs, L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Forbes, G.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Forbes, G.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Sable Island, NS, Canada. [Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Lefer, B.; Rappengluck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Schmidlin, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Van Curen, R. A.] Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, Atmospher Proc Res Sect, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Minschwaner, K.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D23 AR D23304 DI 10.1029/2007JD008710 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YD UT WOS:000251690800002 ER PT J AU Sillman, S Marsik, FJ Al-Wali, KI Keeler, GJ Landis, MS AF Sillman, Sanford Marsik, Frank J. Al-Wali, Khalid I. Keeler, Gerald J. Landis, Matthew S. TI Reactive mercury in the troposphere: Model formation and results for Florida, the northeastern United States, and the Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; ATOMIC MERCURY; NORTH-AMERICA; AQUEOUS-PHASE; CMAQ MODEL; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; SIMULATION AB We describe the development of a model for transport and photochemistry of atmospheric mercury at the regional scale, along with an application to the eastern United States and adjacent Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, and comparison with aircraft-based measurements in Florida. The model is the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) with modifications to include an integrated solution for gas phase and aqueous photochemistry. The expanded chemistry includes O-3, NOx, organics, sulfur, halogens and mercury. Divalent reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) is formed slowly through gas phase reactions and removed rapidly by aqueous reactions in cloud water. Model results show that elevated RGM (up to 260 pg m(-3)) forms intermittently over the Atlantic Ocean in air masses that have a cloud-free history. Aircraft measurements in Florida show RGM varying between 10 and 250 pg m(-3) and increasing with altitude, a pattern that is consistent with model results. Ambient RGM would increase by 50% if aqueous reduction reactions were omitted. The model predicts that ambient elemental mercury and RGM anticorrelate in regions where RGM is produced photochemically and correlate in regions dominated by direct emissions. Model results also suggest positive correlations between RGM and SO2, reactive nitrogen and H2O2, which may be used to identify photochemically produced versus directly emitted RGM. RGM in the model is strongly correlated with O-3 during pollution events, and ozone formation from anthropogenic precursors is predicted to cause a significant increase in RGM. C1 [Sillman, Sanford; Marsik, Frank J.; Al-Wali, Khalid I.; Keeler, Gerald J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sillman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sillman@umich.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191 NR 74 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D23 AR D23305 DI 10.1029/2006JD008227 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YD UT WOS:000251690800001 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, Vasudevan V. Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Expeditious oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using iron(III) nitrate SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron(III) nitrate; oxidation; solvent-free reaction; alcohols; carbonyl compounds ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SUPPORTED METAL NITRATES; CATALYZED OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDIZING REAGENT; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT; CLAY; AZACYCLOALKANES AB An efficient and solvent-free protocol for the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate has been developed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Namboodiri, Vasudevan V.; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 50 BP 8839 EP 8842 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.068 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247SE UT WOS:000252099500013 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Tandem bis-aza-Michael addition reaction of amines in aqueous medium promoted by polystyrenesulfonic acid SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aza-Michael reaction; polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA); aqueous medium; microwave irradiation ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; WATER; ACCELERATION; EFFICIENT; CHEMISTRY; ALKENES; GREENER; SOLVENT; KETONES AB An efficient and environmentally benign tandem bis-aza-Michael addition of amines catalyzed by polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA) is described. This operationally simple high yielding microwave assisted synthetic protocol proceeded in water in the absence of any organic solvent. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Tech Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Tech Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 49 BP 8735 EP 8738 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.008 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247RN UT WOS:000252097400036 ER PT J AU Reichel, V Masereeuw, R van den Heuvel, JJMW Miller, DS Fricker, G AF Reichel, Valeska Masereeuw, Rosalinde van den Heuvel, Jeroen J. M. W. Miller, David S. Fricker, Gert TI Transport of a fluorescent cAMP analog in teleost proximal tubules SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE killifish; multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DRUG EFFLUX; SHORT-TERM; KIDNEY; SECRETION; FAMILY; GENE AB Previous studies have shown that killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus) renal proximal tubules express a luminal membrane transporter that is functionally and immunologically analogous to the mammalian multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 ( Mrp2, ABCC2). Here we used confocal microscopy to investigate in killifish tubules the transport of a fluorescent cAMP analog ( fluo-cAMP), a putative substrate for Mrp2 and Mrp4 ( ABCC4). Steady-state luminal accumulation of fluo-cAMP was concentrative, specific, and metabolism-dependent, but not reduced by high K + medium or ouabain. Transport was not affected by p-aminohippurate ( organic anion transporter inhibitor) or p-glycoprotein inhibitor ( PSC833), but cell-to-lumen transport was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by Mrp inhibitor MK571, leukotriene C4 ( LTC4), azidothymidine ( AZT), cAMP, and adefovir; the latter two compounds are Mrp4 substrates. Although MK571 and LTC4 reduced transport of the Mrp2 substrate fluorescein-methotrexate ( FL-MTX), neither cAMP, adefovir, nor AZT affected FL-MTX transport. Fluo-cAMP transport was not reduced when tubules were exposed to endothelin-1, Na nitroprusside ( an nitric oxide generator) or phorbol ester ( PKC activator), all of which signal substantial reductions in cell-to-lumen FL-MTX transport. Fluo-cAMP transport was reduced by forskolin, and this reduction was blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89. Finally, in membrane vesicles from Spodoptera frugiperda ( Sf9) cells containing human MRP4, ATP-dependent and specific uptake of fluo-cAMP could be demonstrated. Thus, based on inhibitor specificity and regulatory signaling, cell-to-lumen transport of fluo-cAMP in killifish renal tubules is mediated by a transporter distinct from Mrp2, presumably a teleost form of Mrp4. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, Heidelberg, Germany. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Chem Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fricker, G (reprint author), Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, INF 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM gert.fricker@uni-hd.de RI Masereeuw, Roos/N-3582-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-03828] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 293 IS 6 BP R2382 EP R2389 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00029.2007 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 237TT UT WOS:000251400000027 PM 17855498 ER PT J AU Blackburn, JK McNyset, KM Curtis, A Hugh-Jones, ME AF Blackburn, Jason K. McNyset, Kristina M. Curtis, Andrew Hugh-Jones, Martin E. TI Modeling the geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, for the contiguous United States using predictive ecologic niche modeling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA AB The ecology and distribution of Bacillus anthracis is poorly understood despite continued anthrax outbreaks in wildlife and livestock throughout the United States. Little work is available to define the potential environments that may lead to prolonged spore survival and subsequent outbreaks. This study used the genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction modeling system to model the ecological niche for B. anthracis in the contiguous United States using wildlife and livestock outbreaks and several environmental variables. The modeled niche is defined by a narrow range of normalized difference vegetation index, precipitation, and elevation, with the geographic distribution heavily concentrated in a narrow corridor from southwest Texas northward into the Dakotas and Minnesota. Because disease control programs rely on vaccination and carcass disposal, and vaccination in wildlife remains untenable, understanding the distribution of B. anthracis plays an important role in efforts to prevent/eradicate the disease. Likewise, these results potentially aid in differentiating endemic/natural outbreaks from industrial-contamination related outbreaks or bioterrorist attacks. C1 [McNyset, Kristina M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Curtis, Andrew] Univ So Calif, Coll Letters Arts & Sci, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hugh-Jones, Martin E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Blackburn, JK (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geog, Spatial Epidemiol Ecol Res Lab, 800 N St Coll Dr, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM jablackburn@fullerton.edu NR 42 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1110 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 248AH UT WOS:000252123200022 PM 18165531 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Baldauf, R Isakov, V Khlystov, A Petersen, W AF Bowker, George E. Baldauf, Richard Isakov, Vlad Khlystov, Andrey Petersen, William TI The effects of roadside structures on the transport and dispersion of ultrafine particles from highways SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; dispersion modeling; noise barriers; vegetation; mobile sources; QUIC ID MAJOR HIGHWAY; URBAN; PROXIMITY; VEHICLES; DENSITY; SIZE; AREA; AIR AB Understanding local-scale transport and dispersion of pollutants emitted from traffic sources is important for urban planning and air quality assessments. Predicting pollutant concentration patterns in complex environments depends on accurate representations of local features (e.g., noise barriers, trees, buildings) affecting near-field air flows. This study examined the effects of roadside barriers on the flow patterns and dispersion of pollutants from a high-traffic highway in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. The effects of the structures were analyzed using the Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC) model, an empirically based diagnostic tool which simulates fine-scale wind field and dispersion patterns around obstacles. Model simulations were compared with the spatial distributions of ultrafine particles (UFP) from vehicular emissions measured using a passenger van equipped with a Differential Mobility Analyzer/Condensation Particle Counter. The field site allowed for an evaluation of pollutant concentrations in open terrain, with a noise barrier present near the road, and with a noise barrier and vegetation present near the road. Results indicated that air pollutant concentrations near the road were generally higher in open terrain situations with no barriers present; however, concentrations for this case decreased faster with distance than when roadside barriers were present. The presence of a noise barrier and vegetation resulted in the lowest downwind pollutant concentrations, indicating that the plume under this condition was relatively uniform and vertically well-mixed. Comparison of the QUIC model with the mobile UFP measurements indicated that QUIC reasonably represented pollutant transport and dispersion for each of the study configurations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowker, George E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Petersen, William] William Petersen Consultants, Hurdle Mills, NC USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8128 EP 8139 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.064 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600011 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Dean, TR Betancourt, DA Moore, SA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Dean, T. R. Betancourt, D. A. Moore, S. A. TI An evaluation of the protein mass of particulate matter SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaerosols; allergens; total protein; PM ID AIR-POLLUTION; INDOOR-AIR; ENDOTOXIN; PARTICLES; ASTHMA; INDUCTION; OUTDOOR AB This research study provides the characterization of mass percent of protein-based particulate matter in total ambient particulate matter collected in a metropolitan area of NC. The project determined the percentages of protein-based ambient bioaerosols for particles in the 2.5-10 mu m range and for particles in the range of 2.5 mu m or less in 298 samples taken over a six-month period. The analysis of total protein mass was used as an all-inclusive indicator of biologically based aerosols. These organic bioaerosols may have nucleated with inorganic non-biological aerosols, or they may be combined with inert aerosols. The source of these bioaerosols may be any combination of pollen, mold, bacteria, insect debris, fecal matter, or dander, and they may induce irritational, allergic, infectious, and chemical responses in exposed individuals. Ambient samples Of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 were analyzed for gravimetric mass and total protein mass. The results for 19 of 24 sample periods indicated that between 1% and 4% Of PM10-2.5 and between 1% and 2% Of PM2.5 mass concentrations were made of ambient protein bioaerosols. (The remaining 5 of 24 sample periods yielded protein results which were below detectable limits.) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Menetrez, M. Y.; Dean, T. R.; Betancourt, D. A.; Moore, S. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foarde, K. K.] Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov; kkf@rti.org NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8264 EP 8274 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.021 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600022 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Lewis, CW Bhave, PV Edney, EO AF Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Jaoui, Mohammed Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Lewis, Charles W. Bhave, Prakash V. Edney, Edward O. TI Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SOA; organic aerosol; biogenic hydrocarbons; anthropogenic hydrocarbons ID UNITED-STATES; SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; ALPHA-PINENE; PM2.5; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; GASOLINE AB An organic tracer-based method containing laboratory and field study components was used to estimate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to ambient organic carbon (OC) concentrations in PM2.5 during 2003 in Research Triangle Park, NC. In the laboratory, smog chamber experiments were conducted where isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene were individually irradiated in the presence of NOx. In each experiment, SOA was collected and analyzed for potential tracer compounds, whose concentrations were used to calculate a mass fraction of tracer compounds for each hydrocarbon. In the field, 33 PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for (1) tracer compounds observed in the laboratory irradiations, (2) levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, and (3) total OC. For each of the four hydrocarbons, the SOA contributions to ambient OC concentrations were estimated using the tracer concentrations and the laboratory-derived mass fractions. The estimates show SOA formation from isoprene, a-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene contributed significantly to the ambient OC concentrations. The relative contributions were highly seasonal with biomass burning in the winter accounting for more than 50% of the OC concentrations, while SOA contributions remained low. However, during the 6-month period between May and October, SOA from the precursor hydrocarbons contributed more than 40% of the measured OC concentration. Although the tracer-based method is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the simplification of replacing the complex set of chemical reactions responsible for SOA with a laboratory-derived single-valued mass fraction, the results suggest this approach can be used to identify major sources of SOA which can assist in the development of air quality models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Lewis, Charles W.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Administ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 31 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 22 U2 145 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8288 EP 8300 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600024 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Lewis, CW Stevens, RK Keeler, GJ Dvonch, JT Tremblay, RT AF Landis, Matthew S. Lewis, Charles W. Stevens, Robert K. Keeler, Gerald J. Dvonch, J. Timothy Tremblay, Raphael T. TI Ft. McHenry tunnel study: Source profiles and mercury emissions from diesel and gasoline powered vehicles SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; mercury speciation; receptor modeling ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXHAUST PARTICULATE MATTER; SOURCE APPORTION MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; MOTOR-VEHICLES; LAKE MICHIGAN; AMBIENT AIR; PM2.5 AB During the fall of 1998, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection sponsored a 7-day study at the Ft. McHenry tunnel in Baltimore, MD with the objective of obtaining PM2.5 vehicle source profiles for use in atmospheric mercury source apportionment studies. PM2.5 emission profiles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles were developed from analysis of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and condensed aliphatic hydrocarbons. PM2.5 samples were collected using commercially available sampling systems and were extracted and analyzed using conventional well-established methods. Both inorganic and organic profiles were sufficiently unique to mathematically discriminate the contributions from each source type using a chemical mass balance source apportionment approach. However, only the organic source profiles provided unique PAH tracers (e.g., fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene) for diesel combustion that could be used to identify source contributions generated using multivariate statistical receptor modeling approaches. In addition, the study found significant emission of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg-o), divalent reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate mercury (Hg(p)) from gasoline but not from diesel powered motor vehicles. Fuel analysis supported the tunnel measurement results showing that total mercury content in all grades of gasoline (284 +/- 108 ng L-1) was substantially higher than total mercury content in diesel fuel (62 +/- 37 ng L-1) collected contemporaneously at local Baltimore retailers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Landis, Matthew S.; Lewis, Charles W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stevens, Robert K.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Keeler, Gerald J.; Dvonch, J. Timothy] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tremblay, Raphael T.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 59 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 38 BP 8711 EP 8724 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.028 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247SR UT WOS:000252101300025 ER PT J AU Tong, D Mathur, R Schere, K Kang, D Yu, S AF Tong, Daniel Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Kang, Daiwen Yu, Shaocal TI The use of air quality forecasts to assess impacts of air pollution on crops: Methodology and case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE crop loss; ozone damage; exposure; air quality model; cost benefit analysis ID PROTECT VEGETATION; OZONE EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; GROWTH; MODEL; YIELD; STANDARDS; DIOXIDE; CHINA AB It has been reported that ambient ozone (03), either alone or in concurrence with acid rain precursors, accounts for up to 90% of US crop losses resulting from exposure to all major air pollutants. Crop damage due to 03 exposure is of particular concern as ambient 03 concentrations remain high in many major food-producing regions. Assessing 03 damage to crops is challenging due to the difficulties in determining the reduction in crop yield that results from exposure to surface 03, for which monitors are limited and mostly deployed in non-rural areas. This work explores the potential benefits of using operational air quality forecast (AQF) data to estimate rural 03 exposure. Using the results from the first nationwide AQF as a case study, we demonstrate how the 03 data provided by AQF can be combined with concurrent crop information to assess 03 damages to soybeans in the United States. We estimate that exposure to ambient 03 reduces the US soybean production by 10% in 2005. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, Daniel; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth; Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocal] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. [Tong, Daniel; Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocal] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. RP Tong, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, MD E243 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. EM tong.daniel@epa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 38 BP 8772 EP 8784 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.060 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247SR UT WOS:000252101300030 ER PT J AU Venkatram, A Isakov, V Thoma, E Baldauf, R AF Venkatram, Akula Isakov, Vlad Thoma, Eben Baldauf, Richard TI Analysis of air quality data near roadways using a dispersion model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; line source; dispersion modeling; traffic emissions; mobile sources ID LINE-SOURCE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INDUCED TURBULENCE; MAJOR HIGHWAY; URBAN AREAS; POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; MOTORWAY; WIND AB We used a dispersion model to analyze measurements made during a field study conducted by the U.S. EPA in July-August 2006, to estimate the impact of traffic emissions on air quality at distances of tens of meters from an eight-lane highway located in Raleigh, NC. The air quality measurements consisted of long path optical measurements of NO at distances of 7 and 17 in from the edge of the highway. Sonic anemometers were used to measure wind speed and turbulent velocities at 6 and 20m from the highway. Traffic flow rates were monitored using traffic surveillance cameras. The dispersion model [Venkatram, A., 2004. On estimating emissions through horizontal fluxes. Atmospheric Environment 38, 2439-2446] explained over 60% of the variance of the observed path averaged NO concentrations, and over 90% of the observed concentrations were within a factor of two of the model estimates. Sensitivity tests conducted with the model indicated that the traffic flow rate made the largest contribution to the variance of the observed NO concentrations. The meteorological variable that had the largest impact on the near road NO concentrations was the standard deviation of the vertical velocity fluctuations, sigma(w). Wind speed had a relatively minor effect on concentrations. Furthermore, as long as the wind direction was within +/- 45 degrees from the normal to the road, wind direction had little impact on near road concentrations. The measurements did not allow us to draw conclusions on the impact of traffic-induced turbulence on dispersion. The analysis of air quality and meteorological observations resulted in plausible estimates of on-road emission factors for NO. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atomspher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Thoma, Eben; Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Venkatram, A (reprint author), NOAA, Atomspher Sci Modeling Div, MD-E243-04,109 T N Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lsakov.Vlad@epa.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9481 EP 9497 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.045 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700018 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Gilliland, AB Sarwar, G Gilliam, RC AF Appel, K. Wyat Gilliland, Alice B. Sarwar, Golam Gilliam, Robert C. TI Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance Part I - Ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality model; Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model; model evaluation; ozone; synoptic cluster ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; METEOROLOGY; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS AB This study examines ozone (O(3)) predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 and discusses potential factors influencing the model results. Daily maximum 8-h average O(3) levels are largely underpredicted when observed O(3) levels are above 85ppb and overpredicted when they are below 35ppb. Using a clustering approach, model performance was examined separately for several different synoptic regimes. Under the most common synoptic conditions of a typical summertime Bermuda High setup, the model showed good overall performance for O(3), while associations have been identified here between other, less frequent, synoptic regimes and the O(3) overprediction and underprediction biases. A sensitivity test between the CB-1V and CB05 chemical mechanisms showed that predictions of daily maximum 8-h average O(3) using CB05 were on average 7.3% higher than those using CB-IV. Boundary condition (BC) sensitivity tests show that the overprediction biases at low O(3) levels are more sensitive to the BC 03 levels near the surface than BC concentrations aloft. These sensitivity tests also show the model performance for O(3) improved when using the global GEOS-CHEM BCs instead of default profiles. Simulations using the newest version of the CMAQ model (v4.6) showed a small improvement in O(3) predictions, particularly when vertical layers were not collapsed. Collectively, the results suggest that key synoptic weather patterns play a leading role in the prediction biases, and more detailed study of these episodes are needed to identify further modeling improvements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Appel, K. Wyat; Gilliland, Alice B.; Gilliam, Robert C.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wyat.Appel@noaa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9603 EP 9615 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.044 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700028 ER PT J AU Daston, GP Seed, J AF Daston, George P. Seed, Jennifer TI Skeletal malformations and variations in developmental toxicity studies: Interpretation issues for human risk assessment SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE human health risk assessment; skeletal development; skeletal variations ID DETECT PRENATAL EXPOSURE; SUPERNUMERARY RIBS; MATERNAL TOXICITY; RETINOIC ACID; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; ADULT SKELETONS; MICE; RAT; OSSIFICATION; VERTEBRAE C1 [Daston, George P.] Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. [Seed, Jennifer] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Daston, GP (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, POB 538707, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. EM Daston.gp@pg.com NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 6 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20135 PG 4 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 248GG UT WOS:000252140000001 PM 18157902 ER PT J AU Tyl, RW Chernoff, N Rogers, JM AF Tyl, Rochelle W. Chernoff, Neil Rogers, John M. TI Altered axial skeletal development SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE axial skeleton; anomalies; terata; variations; ribs; vertebrae; human; mouse; rat; rabbit ID THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; ZEALAND WHITE-RABBIT; CERVICAL RIBS; VALPROIC ACID; BORIC-ACID; SPONTANEOUS MALFORMATIONS; SUPERNUMERARY RIBS; CD-1 MOUSE; TERATOGENICITY EVALUATION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AB The axial skeleton is routinely examined in standard developmental toxicity bioassays and has proven to be sensitive to a wide variety of chemical agents. Dysmorphogenesis in the skull, vertebral column and ribs has been described in both human populations and in laboratory animals used to assess potential adverse developmental effects. This article emphasizes vertebrae and rib anomalies both spontaneous and agent induced. Topics discussed include the morphology of the more common effects; incidences in both human and experimental animal populations; the types of anomalies induced in the axial skeleton by methanol, boric acid, valproic acid and others; the postnatal persistence of common skeletal anomalies; and the genetic control of the development of the axial skeleton. Tables of the spontaneous incidence of axial anomalies in both humans and animals are provided. C1 [Tyl, Rochelle W.] Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chernoff, Neil; Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Nat Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tyl, RW (reprint author), RTI Int, HLB-124,3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rwt@rti.org NR 136 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 6 BP 451 EP 472 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20134 PG 22 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 248GG UT WOS:000252140000003 PM 18157900 ER PT J AU Wang, K Richard, A Rusyn, I Tropsha, A AF Wang, Kun Richard, Ann Rusyn, Ivan Tropsha, Alexander TI Toxico-cheminformatics and QSPR modeling of the carcinogenic potency database SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 234th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 [Wang, Kun] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Lab Mol Modeling, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kunwang@email.unc.edu RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 MA 116 BP 2013 EP 2013 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 242NW UT WOS:000251733400147 ER PT J AU Wallis, MC Waters, PD Delbridge, ML Kirby, PJ Pask, AJ Grutzner, F Rens, W Ferguson-Smith, MA Graves, JAM AF Wallis, M. C. Waters, P. D. Delbridge, M. L. Kirby, P. J. Pask, A. J. Grutzner, F. Rens, W. Ferguson-Smith, M. A. Graves, J. A. M. TI Sex determination in platypus and echidna: autosomal location of SOX3 confirms the absence of SRY from monotremes SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ornithorhynchus anatinus; platypus; sex determination; SOX3; SRY; Tachyglossus aculeatus ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; EARLY FEMALE EMBRYOS; HUMAN X-CHROMOSOME; MAMMALIAN SEX; Y-CHROMOSOME; DETERMINING GENE; TOKUDAIA-OSIMENSIS; DETERMINING REGION; LINKED GENES; W-CHROMOSOME AB In eutherian ('placental') mammals, sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome-borne gene SRY, which triggers testis determination. Marsupials also have a Y-borne SRY gene, implying that this mechanism is ancestral to therians, the SRY gene having diverged from its X-borne homologue SOX3 at least 180 million years ago. The rare exceptions have clearly lost and replaced the SRY mechanism recently. Other vertebrate classes have a variety of sex-determining mechanisms, but none shares the therian SRY-driven XX female:XY male system. In monotreme mammals (platypus and echidna), which branched from the therian lineage 210 million years ago, no orthologue of SRY has been found. In this study we show that its partner SOX3 is autosomal in platypus and echidna, mapping among human X chromosome orthologues to platypus chromosome 6, and to the homologous chromosome 16 in echidna. The autosomal localization of SOX3 in monotreme mammals, as well as non-mammal vertebrates, implies that SRY is absent in Prototheria and evolved later in the therian lineage 210-180 million years ago. Sex determination in platypus and echidna must therefore depend on another male-determining gene(s) on the Y chromosomes, or on the different dosage of a gene(s) on the X chromosomes. C1 [Wallis, M. C.; Waters, P. D.; Delbridge, M. L.; Kirby, P. J.; Grutzner, F.; Graves, J. A. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Comparat Genom Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Kirby, P. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pask, A. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Rens, W.; Ferguson-Smith, M. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge Resource Ctr Comparat Genom, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. RP Wallis, MC (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Comparat Genom Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM mary.wallis@anu.edu.au RI Graves, Jennifer/A-1387-2008; Waters, Paul/D-1044-2009; Waters, Paul/B-7871-2015; OI Grutzner, Frank/0000-0002-3088-7314; Pask, Andrew/0000-0002-1900-2263 FU Wellcome Trust NR 70 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 8 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1007/s10577-007-1185-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 249TK UT WOS:000252252500001 PM 18185981 ER PT J AU Kirby, PJ Greaves, IK Koina, E Jennifer, PDW Graves, JAM AF Kirby, Patrick J. Greaves, Ian K. Koina, Edda Jennifer, Paul D. Waters Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall TI Core-SINE blocks comprise a large fraction of monotreme genomes; implications for vertebrate chromosome evolution SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE core-SINE; echidna; fluorescence in-situ hybridization; Ornithorhynchus anatinus; platypus; Tachyglossus ID ELEMENTS; SEQUENCES; ALU; ORGANIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; MAMMALS; OPOSSUM; ORIGIN; BANDS AB The genomes of the egg-laying platypus and echidna are of particular interest because monotremes are the most basal mammal group. The chromosomal distribution of an ancient family of short interspersed repeats (SINEs), the core-SINEs, was investigated to better understand monotreme genome organization and evolution. Previous studies have identified the core-SINE as the predominant SINE in the platypus genome, and in this study we quantified, characterized and localized subfamilies. Dot blot analysis suggested that a very large fraction (32% of the platypus and 16% of the echidna genome) is composed of Mon core-SINEs. Core-SINE-specific primers were used to amplify PCR products from platypus and echidna genomic DNA. Sequence analysis suggests a common consensus sequence Mon 1-B, shared by platypus and echidna, as well as platypus-specific Mon 1-C and echidna specific Mon 1-D consensus sequences. FISH mapping of the Mon core-SINE products to platypus metaphase spreads demonstrates that the Mon-1C subfamily is responsible for the striking Mon core-SINE accumulation in the distal regions of the six large autosomal pairs and the largest X chromosome. This unusual distribution highlights the dichotomy between the seven large chromosome pairs and the 19 smaller pairs in the monotreme karyotype, which has some similarity to the macro- and micro-chromosomes of birds and reptiles, and suggests that accumulation of repetitive sequences may have enlarged small chromosomes in an ancestral vertebrate. In the forthcoming sequence of the platypus genome there are still large gaps, and the extensive Mon core-SINE accumulation on the distal regions of the six large autosomal pairs may provide one explanation for this missing sequence. C1 [Kirby, Patrick J.; Greaves, Ian K.; Koina, Edda; Jennifer, Paul D. Waters; Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Comparat Genom Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Kirby, Patrick J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Toxicol, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Kirby, PJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Comparat Genom Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Kirbyp2@mail.nih.gov RI Graves, Jennifer/A-1387-2008; greaves, ian/E-2220-2011 OI greaves, ian/0000-0003-3923-9740 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 8 BP 975 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s10577-007-1187-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 249TK UT WOS:000252252500003 PM 18185983 ER PT J AU Burnett, KG Bain, LJ Baldwin, WS Callard, GV Cohen, S Di Giulio, RT Evans, DH Gomez-Chiarri, M Hahn, ME Hoover, CA Karchner, SI Katoh, F MacLatchy, DL Marshall, WS Meyer, JN Nacci, DE Oleksiak, MF Rees, BB Singer, TD Stegeman, JJ Towle, DW Van Veld, PA Vogelbein, WK Whitehead, A Winn, RN Crawford, DL AF Burnett, Karen G. Bain, Lisa J. Baldwin, William S. Callard, Gloria V. Cohen, Sarah Di Giulio, Richard T. Evans, David H. Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Hahn, Mark E. Hoover, Cindi A. Karchner, Sibel I. Katoh, Fumi MacLatchy, Deborah L. Marshall, William S. Meyer, Joel N. Nacci, Diane E. Oleksiak, Marjorie F. Rees, Bernard B. Singer, Thomas D. Stegeman, John J. Towle, David W. Van Veld, Peter A. Vogelbein, Wolfgang K. Whitehead, Andrew Winn, Richard N. Crawford, Douglas L. TI Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: Opportunities for new insights using genomics SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE Fundulus heteroclitus; physiological genomics; ecological genomics; evolutionary genomics; toxicogenomics; environmental genomics ID CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITE; BLEACHED-KRAFT PULP; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTORS; ACID-BASE REGULATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HETEROCLITUS FOLLOWING TREATMENT; GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE GPI; EURYHALINE ESTUARINE TELEOST; GLYCOLYTIC ENZYME EXPRESSION AB A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this paper we summarize an extensive body of work examining the adaptive responses of Fundulus species to environmental conditions, and describe how this research has contributed importantly to our understanding of physiology, gene regulation, toxicology, and ecological and evolutionary genetics of teleosts and other vertebrates. These explorations have reached a critical juncture at which advancement is hindered by the lack of genomic resources for these species. We suggest that a more complete genomics toolbox for F heteroclitus and related species will permit researchers to exploit the power of this model organism to rapidly advance our understanding of fundamental biological and pathological mechanisms among vertebrates, as well as ecological strategies and evolutionary processes common to all living organisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Fac Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Fac Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ Waterloo, Sch Optometry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Ctr Marine Funct Genom, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Burnett, KG (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM burnettk@cofc.edu RI Whitehead, Andrew/G-2122-2012; OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016463-066829, P20 RR016463]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES007381, P42 ES007381-05S10007, P42 ES007381-130023, P42 ES010356, P42 ES010356-08, R01 ES011588, R01 ES011588-05]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM008012] NR 392 TC 155 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 257 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.09.001 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 238WL UT WOS:000251478800001 PM 18071578 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI A greener synthesis of core (Fe, Cu)-shell (An, Pt, Pd, and Ag) nanocrystals using aqueous vitamin C SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; SHELL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDS; CLUSTERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; ABSORPTION; DEPOSITION AB A greener method to fabricate novel core (Fe and Cu)-shell (noble metals) metal nanocrystals using aqueous ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is described. Transition metal salts such as Cu and Fe were reduced using ascorbic acid, a benign naturally available antioxidant, and then addition of noble metal salts resulted in the formation of the core-shell structure depending on the core and shell material used for the preparation. Pt yielded a tennis ball kind of structure with a Cu core, whereas Pd and Au formed regular spherical nanoparticles. Au, Pt, and Pd formed cube-shaped structures with Fe as the core. Inversely, transition metals with noble metals, such as Pd, as the core also formed interesting structures; these structures were brushlike with indium as the shell and needle-like when Cu was employed as the shell. The method is general uses no surfactant or capping agent and can be extended to noble metals as cores and transition metals as shells. The core-shell nanocrystals were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV-vis spectroscopy. These nanocrystals have unique properties that are not originally present in either the core or shell materials and may have potential functions in catalysis, biosensors, energy Storage systems, nanodevices, and ever-expanding other technological applications. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 46 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 14 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2582 EP 2587 DI 10.1021/cg070554e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 238UM UT WOS:000251473200038 ER PT J AU Grange, AH Sovocool, GW AF Grange, Andrew H. Sovocool, G. Wayne TI Identification of compounds in water above a pollutant plume by high-resolution mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE exact mass; elemental formula; compound identification; ion composition elucidation ID ION CORRELATION PROGRAM; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; Q1 AB Identification of compounds in contaminated media is essential for determining sources of pollution and for assessing risks posed by the chemicals to ecosystems or human health. Eighty-five compounds were identified or tentatively identified in a 1-L extract of water sampled above a pollutant plume containing wastes from a chemical plant. Gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry determined exact masses of apparent molecular ions and the exact masses and RIAs (relative isotopic abundances) of their +1 and +2 isotopic mass peaks, which provided their elemental compositions. Ion compositions, mass spectral libraries, the presence of related compounds, and knowledge of organic chemistry provided tentative identifications, half of which were confirmed by comparison of analyte retention times and mass spectra with those of standards. C1 [Grange, Andrew H.; Sovocool, G. Wayne] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov; sovocool.wayne@epa.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1080/15275920701729340 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247EM UT WOS:000252060100011 ER PT J AU Krekeler, MPS Probst, P Samsonov, M Tselepis, CM Bates, W Kearns, LE Maynard, JB AF Krekeler, Mark P. S. Probst, Pete Samsonov, Misha Tselepis, Cynthia M. Bates, William Kearns, Lance E. Maynard, J. Barry TI Investigations of subsurface flow constructed wetlands and associated geomaterial resources in the Akumal and Reforma regions, Quintana Roo, Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; mineralogy; carbonate aggregate; Akumal ID GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS; TREATED WASTE-WATER; CORAL-REEFS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HAWTHORNE FORMATION; YUCATAN PENINSULA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOUTHERN GEORGIA; GRAIN-SIZE; ADSORPTION AB Subsurface flow constructed wetlands in the village of Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico were surveyed to determine the general status of the wetland systems and provide baseline information for long term monitoring and further study. Twenty subsurface flow wetlands were surveyed and common problems observed in the systems were overloading, poor plant cover, odor, and no secondary containment. Bulk mineral composition of aggregate from two subsurface flow constructed wetlands was determined to consist solely of calcite using bulk powder X-ray diffraction. Some soil structure is developed in the aggregate and aggregate levels in wetlands drop at an estimated rate between 3 and 10 cm/year for overloaded wetlands owing to dissolution. Mineral composition from fresh aggregate samples commonly is a mixture of calcite and aragonite. Trace amounts of Pb, Zn, Co, and Cr were observed in fresh aggregate. Coefficients of permeability (k) varied from 0.006 to 0.027 cm/s with an average values being 0.016 cm/s. Grain size analysis of fresh aggregate samples indicates there are unimodal and multimodal size distributions in the samples with modes in the coarse and fine sand being common. Investigations of other geologic media from the Reforma region indicate that a dolomite with minor amounts of Fe-oxide and palygorskite is abundant and may be a better aggregate source that the current materials used. A Ca-montmorillonite bed was identified in the Reforma region as well and this unit is suitable to serve as a clay liner to prevent leaks for new and existing wetland systems. These newly discovered geologic resources should aid in the improvement of subsurface flow constructed wetlands in the region. Although problems do exist in these wetlands with respect to design, these systems represent a successful implementation of constructed wetlands at a community level in developing regions. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US EPA, Water Div, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Krekeler, MPS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM mark.krekeler@gmail.com NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 709 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0684-z PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 234EC UT WOS:000251142500001 ER PT J AU Collins, C White, JC Rock, S AF Collins, Chris White, Jason C. Rock, Steve TI Plant uptake of organic chemicals: Current developments and recommendations for future research SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOILS C1 Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Collins, C (reprint author), Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. RI Collins, Chris/F-3858-2011 OI Collins, Chris/0000-0002-8282-2803 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2465 EP 2466 DI 10.1897/07-311.1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300001 PM 18020699 ER PT J AU Mcconnell, LL Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Drakeford, L Harman-Fetcho, JA Bialek, K Fulton, MH Leight, AK Allen, G AF Mcconnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Drakeford, Leticia Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. Bialek, Krystyna Fulton, Michael H. Leight, Andrew K. Allen, Gregory TI Agricultural pesticides and selected degradation products in five tidal regions and the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE chesapeake bay; pesticides; herbicides; metolachlor; atrazine ID SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; PATUXENT RIVER; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDE; SOIL; METOLACHLOR; DEPOSITION; MOVEMENT; ALACHLOR; LOADINGS AB Nutrients, sediment, and toxics from water sources and the surrounding airshed are major problems contributing to poor water quality in many regions of the Chesapeake Bay, an important estuary located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. During the early spring of 2000, surface water samples were collected for pesticide analysis from 18 stations spanning the Chesapeake Bay. In a separate effort from July to September of 2004, 61 stations within several tidal regions were characterized with respect to 21 pesticides and 11 of their degradation products. Three regions were located on the agricultural Delmarva Peninsula: The Chester, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke Rivers. Two regions were located on the more urban western shore: The Rhode and South Rivers and the Lower Mobjack Bay, including the Back and Poquoson Rivers. In both studies, herbicides and their degradation products were the most frequently detected chemicals. In 2000, atrazine and metolachlor were found at all 18 stations. In 2004, the highest parent herbicide concentrations were found in the upstream region of Chester River. The highest concentration for any analyte in these studies was for the ethane sulfonic acid of metolachlor (MESA) at 2,900 ng/L in the Nanticoke River. The degradation product MESA also had the greatest concentration of any analyte in the Pocomoke River (2,100 ng/L) and in the Chester River (1,200 ng/L). In the agricultural tributaries, herbicide degradation product concentrations were more strongly correlated with salinity than the parent herbicides. In the two nonagricultural watersheds on the western shore, no gradient in herbicide concentrations was observed, indicating the pesticide source to these areas was water from the Bay main stem. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Mcconnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2567 EP 2578 DI 10.1897/06-655.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300012 PM 18020682 ER PT J AU Lake, JL Ryba, SA Serbst, J Brown, CF Gibson, L AF Lake, James L. Ryba, Stephan A. Serbst, Jonathan Brown, Charles F. Gibson, Lori TI Mercury and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in mink SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE mercury; mink; mustela vison; carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes; wildlife ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; OTTER LONTRA-CANADENSIS; LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR; FRESH-WATER FISH; MUSTELA-VISON; WILD MINK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FOOD-CHAINS; MARINE; METHYLMERCURY AB Total Hg concentrations and values of stable isotopes (delta N-15, delta C-13) in tissues of mink (Mustela vison) captured in Rhode Island (USA) during winters of 1999 to 2004 were statistically distinct based on location. Mink captured in salt marsh environments (salt marsh group mink [SMGM]) had significantly lower mean Hg concentrations in liver and muscle tissue, and significantly higher delta N-15 and delta C-13 values in muscle, than those in corresponding samples of mink from upland freshwater locations (upland group mink [UPGM]). Stomach content samples obtained from the mink carcasses showed that fish, frogs, and crayfish were the dominant food items in UPGM, but in SMGM, fish predominated. Significant correlations were found for total Hg concentrations and stable isotope values between stomach contents and tissues. Comparisons of increases in Hg concentrations and delta N-15 values from stomach contents to muscle tissue showed nonsignificant differences between UPGM and SMGM for Hg concentrations (SMGM, factor of 4.2; UPGM, factor of 3.9) and delta N-15 values (SMGM, difference of 3.9%; UPGM, difference of 3.1%). These results suggest that the length of the trophic step and the extent of accumulation of Hg were approximately equal in both mink groups despite the differences in dietary composition and possible differences in accumulation of organic and inorganic Hg. The correspondence of stable isotope values and Hg concentrations between mink tissues and their stomach contents indicates that use of stomach content analysis to identify major prey items, followed by collection and analysis of appropriate field prey, may represent an approach for estimating Hg exposure to mink. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Div Fish & Wildlife, Kingston, RI 02892 USA. RP Lake, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tazwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lake.jim@epa.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2611 EP 2619 DI 10.1897/06-607.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300017 PM 18020681 ER PT J AU Biales, AD Bencic, DC Lazorchak, JL Lattier, DL AF Biales, Adam D. Bencic, David C. Lazorchak, Jim L. Lattier, David L. TI A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for the analysis of vitellogenin transcripts in model and nonmodel fish species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE real time; vitellogenin; endocrine disrupting compounds; estrogen; primers ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SIBERIAN STURGEON; LARGEMOUTH BASS; FATHEAD MINNOW; RT-PCR; QUANTIFICATION; DISRUPTION; EXPRESSION AB The measurement of vitellogenin (vtg) gene transcription has been shown to be a reliable indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. Unfortunately, the relatively poor molecular characterization of North American fish species has hindered its application to a larger number of ecologically important species. The current research aimed to demonstrate specific amplification of vtg gene transcripts in three model (zebrafish, rainbow trout, and medaka) and six nonmodel (emerald shiner, pearl dace, smallmouth bass, creek chub, white sucker, and golden redhorse) fish species. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) primers for model species were designed from publicly available vtg sequences. Successful amplification of vtg was demonstrated in fish exposed to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for all model species. Vitellogenin primers for selected nonmodel species were designed from published sequences of closely related species. Multiple primers were developed targeting different regions of the vtg gene. The successful amplification of vtg was confirmed through size and sequence analysis for all nonmodel species with the exception of the white sucker, in which amplifications failed. Furthermore, QPCR primers and conditions were quantitative over five orders of magnitude in at least one species (pearl dace) exposed to 5 ng/L of EE2 for 24 h. The selected species are found in a wide array of ecological habitats that span the United States. Inclusion of vtg transcriptional analysis for wild, ecologically relevant fish in monitoring studies may aid in understanding the extent of estrogenic exposure in aquatic ecosystems across the United States. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lattier, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Mail Stop 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lattier.david@epa.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2679 EP 2686 DI 10.1897/07-101.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300024 PM 18020687 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Bronk, DA Olney, JE AF Hoffman, Joel C. Bronk, Deborah A. Olney, John E. TI Contribution of allochthonous carbon to American shad production in the Mattaponi River, Virginia, using stable isotopes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS; YORK RIVER; ORGANIC-MATTER; ESTUARY; GROWTH; FRACTIONATION; MARINE; LARVAE; BAY AB Our objective was to quantify the contribution of autochthonous, locally-produced phytoplankton, and allochthonous, terrestrial-derived organic matter (OM) to the production of young-of-year (YOY) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) using stable isotopes. We measured the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of YOY American shad in the tidal fresh water of the Mattaponi River, a tributary in the York River estuary, during three consecutive years. The isotopic ratios of larval American shad varied among years, indicating a switch from reliance on a primarily autochthonous food web pathway during low and moderate discharge years (50-90%; 2002, 2004) to a primarily allochthonous pathway during a high discharge year (< 35% phytoplankton; 2003). Reliance on phytoplankton by larval fish declined exponentially with increasing Mattaponi River discharge. In 2003, juvenile production was also supported by allochthonous OM, though autochthonous phytoplankton accounted for an increasingly large fraction during June through August, up to 40-55%. We also found a long-term, positive relationship between the duration of above average flow during April through June in the Mattaponi River and a corresponding index of juvenile American shad abundance. The largest American shad cohort recorded since 1967 was observed in 2003, a high discharge year. The production of this cohort was largely supported by allochthonous OM. The results suggest an important link between river discharge, energy flow, and recruitment, wherein high discharge favors reliance on terrestrial carbon by YOY American shad, owing to changes in zooplankton diet, macroinvertebrate abundance, or both, and also favors high American shad abundance. C1 [Hoffman, Joel C.; Bronk, Deborah A.; Olney, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Hoffman.Joel@epa.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1048 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258TE UT WOS:000252891600011 ER PT J AU Mudipalli, A AF Mudipalli, Anuradha TI Lead hepatotoxicity & potential health effects SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE biochemical mechanisms; Chelation therapy; hepatotoxicity; lead poisoning ID LIVER-CELL PROLIFERATION; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; NITRATE-TREATED RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHELATION-THERAPY; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AB Occupational and environmental exposures to lead (Pb), one of the toxic metal pollutants, is of global concern. Health risks are increasingly associated with environmental exposures to Pb emissions from, for example, the widespread use of leaded gasoline in developing countries. Exposure occurs mainly through the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and the ingested and absorbed Pb is stored primarily in soft tissues and bone. Autopsy studies of Pb-exposed patients have shown a large amount (similar to 33%) of the absorbed Pb in soft tissue stored in liver. In addition to neuronal encephalopathy observed in persons after exposure to very high concentrations of Pb, gastrointestinal colic (abdominal pain, constipation, intestinal paralysis) is a consistent early symptom of Pb poisoning in humans. Such severe gastrointestinal effects are consistently observed in patients with a blood Pb range of 30 to 80 mu g/dl. Ingestion of Pb is one of the primary causes of its hepatotoxic effects. Hepatocarcinogenic effects of Pb reported in animal toxicology studies have led to new research into the biochemical and molecular aspects of Pb toxicology. Gains in the molecular understanding of Pb effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, and hepatic hyperplasia suggest a potential role for Pb in damaging extrahepatic systems, including the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of chelation therapy in treating Pb-induced hepatotoxicity in animals. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mudipalli, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP Div, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B243-02,Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Mudipalli.anu@epa.gov NR 78 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 10 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 126 IS 6 BP 518 EP 527 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 260QV UT WOS:000253026100006 PM 18219078 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Chen, AS Sorg, TJ Phillips, S French, K AF Lytle, Darren A. Chen, Abraham S. Sorg, Thomas J. Phillips, Sara French, Ken TI Microbial As(III) oxidation in water treatment plant filters SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ARSENIC REMOVAL; FERRIHYDRITE; COAGULATION; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; RATES AB Arsenic exists in two oxidation states in water-arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. As(III) is relatively mobile in water and difficult to remove by arsenic-removal treatment processes. Source waters that contain As(III) must add a strong oxidant such as free chlorine or permanganate to oxidize the arsenic. This article highlights an Ohio treatment plant where natural bacteria in the source water concentrate in filters and oxidize As(III), eliminating the need for a strong oxidant ahead of filtration. Microbial filtration also provides secondary benefits such as reduced chemical-handling issues, maintenance of nitrification capacity in the filters, elimination of nitrification potential in the distribution system, and reduced chlorine demand in the finished water. Microbial treatment of drinking water is not widely accepted in the United States. Results of this research demonstrated that As(III) oxidation and its subsequent removal can occur microbially, offering an alternative, nonchemical approach to As(III) oxidation and a safe and relatively simple means of meeting the arsenic drinking water standard. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chen, Abraham S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Sorg, Thomas J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Phillips, Sara] Miami Univ, Dept Environm Policy, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [French, Ken] Greene Cty Sanitary Engn, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12 BP 72 EP 86 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 244DR UT WOS:000251846700012 ER PT J AU Stork, LG Gennings, C Carter, WH Johnson, RE Mays, DP Simmons, JE Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Stork, LeAnna G. Gennings, Chris Carter, Walter H., Jr. Johnson, Robert E. Mays, Darcy P. Simmons, Jane Ellen Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. TI Testing for additivity in chemical mixtures using a fixed-ratio ray design and statistical equivalence testing methods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE antagonism; enhanced toxicity; risk assessment; synergism ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; QUASI-LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; DRINKING-WATER; THRESHOLD; MODELS; CYTOTOXICITY; EXPOSURE; TRIALS AB Fixed-ratio ray designs have been used for detecting and characterizing interactions of large numbers of chemicals in combination. Single-chemical dose-response data are used to predict an "additivity curve" along an environmentally relevant ray. A "mixture curve" is estimated from the mixture dose response data along the ray. A test of additivity is equivalent to a test of coincidence of these two curves, which is based on the traditional hypothesis testing framework that assumes additivity in the null hypothesis and rejects with evidence of interaction. However, failure to reject may be due to lack of statistical power, making the claim of additivity problematic. As a solution we have developed rigorous methodology to test for additivity using statistical equivalence testing logic in which additivity is claimed based on pre-specified biologically important additivity margins, if the data support such a claim. Using the principle of confidence interval inclusion, a confidence region about the difference of meaningful functions of model parameters from the mixture model and that predicted under additivity is computed. When the confidence region is completely contained within the additivity margins then additivity is claimed with a Type I error rate chosen a priori to be some acceptably small value. The method is illustrated using an environmentally relevant fixed-ratio mixture of nine haloacetic acids where cytotoxic response is measured. C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Stat Sci & Operat Res, Richmond, VA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stork, LG (reprint author), Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM leanna.g.stork@monsanto.com NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 514 EP 533 DI 10.1198/108571107X249816 PG 20 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 232AI UT WOS:000250990100006 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ Bando, KJ Katz, M Strong, DR AF Blum, Michael J. Bando, K. Jun Katz, M. Strong, Donald R. TI Geographic structure, genetic diversity and source tracking of Spartina alterniflora SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE admixture; biological invasions; hybridization; intertidal; North America; phylogeography; secondary spread; smooth cordgrass; Spartina alterniflora ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALT-MARSH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GULF COASTS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SPECIES POACEAE; INVASION; ATLANTIC AB Aim To examine the distribution and structure of genetic variation among native Spartina alterniflora and to characterize the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the success of non-native S. alterniflora. Location Intertidal marshes along the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts of North America. Methods amova, parsimony analysis, haplotype networks of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences, neighbour-joining analysis, Bayesian analysis of population structure, and individual assignment testing were used. Results Low levels of gene flow and geographic patterns of genetic variation were found among native S. alterniflora from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. The distribution of cpDNA haplotypes indicates that Atlantic coast S. alterniflora are subdivided into 'northern' and 'southern' groups. Variation observed at microsatellite loci further suggests that mid-Atlantic S. alterniflora are differentiated from S. alterniflora found in southern Atlantic and New England coastal marshes. Comparisons between native populations on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and non-native Pacific coast populations substantiate prior studies demonstrating reciprocal interspecific hybridization in San Francisco Bay. Our results corroborate historical evidence that S. alterniflora was introduced into Willapa Bay from multiple source populations. However, we found that some Willapa Bay S. alterniflora are genetically divergent from putative sources, probably as a result of admixture following secondary contact among previously allopatric native populations. We further recovered evidence in support of models suggesting that S. alterniflora has secondarily spread within Washington State, from Willapa Bay to Grays Harbor. Main conclusions Underlying genetic structure has often been cited as a factor contributing to ecological variation of native S. alterniflora. Patterns of genetic structure within native S. alterniflora may be the result of environmental differences among biogeographical provinces, of migration barriers, or of responses to historical conditions. Interactions among these factors, rather than one single factor, may best explain the distribution of genetic variation among native S. alterniflora. Comprehensive genetic comparisons of native and introduced populations can illustrate how biological invasions may result from dramatically different underlying factors - some of which might otherwise go unrecognized. Demonstrating that invasions can result from several independent or interacting mechanisms is important for improving risk assessment and future forecasting. Further research on S. alterniflora not only may clarify what forces structure native populations, but also may improve the management of nonnative populations by enabling post-introduction genetic changes and the rapid evolution of life-history traits to be more successfully exploited. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu NR 60 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2055 EP 2069 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01764.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 231JF UT WOS:000250942200006 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, Carl R., Jr. TI Elevated waves erode the western end of the recently completed sand berm on dauphin island, Alabama (USA) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dauphin island; Hurrican katrina; storm waves; sand berm; eroding beach; microtidal; barrier island AB FROEDE, C.R., JR., 2007. Elevated waves erode the western end of the recently completed Sand berm on Dauphin Island, Alabama (U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research, 23(6), 1602-1604. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Dauphin island is a microtidal barrier island located approximately 8.0 km offshore from southwestern Alabama (U.S.A.). Morphological changes to the island, brought about by passing tropical storms and hurricanes, have been noted since it was first settled in 1699. On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina (a Category 3 hurricane) made landfall approximately 117 km west of Dauphin Island. Despite the extended distance, the storm impacted the island with waves that completely overwashed and flattened most of the western low-lying areas. The hurricane also segmented Dauphin Island into two distinct barrier islands, the undeveloped Dauphin Island West, and the residentially developed Dauphin Island East. Immediately following the storm, the Town of Dauphin Island recognized the need to take action to protect low-lying residential property on the western segment of Dauphin Island East. Sand berm construction began on January 29, 2007. The 6.4-km-long berm is to provide sufficient time to allow the Town of Dauphin Island to identify and possibly implement a more permanent solution to storm erosion along the low-lying western residential portion of the island before the sand wall will be lost. However, the western end of the sand berm experienced significant erosion due to elevated tides before construction was completed in May 2007. Several segments of the sand berm within this area have been completely lost while other sections are experiencing ongoing erosion. Under these conditions, the Town of Dauphin Island does not have much time to identify and implement one or more long-term solutions to beach erosion and property loss for the western segment of Dauphin Island East. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM froede.carl@epa.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1604 DI 10.2112/07A-0019.1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 233WJ UT WOS:000251120700027 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Saravanaraj, AN Whiteside, T Carreira, LA AF Hilal, S. H. Saravanaraj, A. N. Whiteside, T. Carreira, L. A. TI Calculating physical properties of organic compounds for environmental modeling from molecular structure SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 232nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE physical properties; molecular interaction; vapor pressure; activity coefficient; partition coefficients; SPARC; SAR ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; SOLUBILITY; PREDICTION AB Mathematical models for predicting the transport and fate of pollutants in the environment require reactivity parameter values - that is the value of the physical and chemical constants that govern reactivity. Although empirical structure-activity relationships have been developed that allow estimation of some constants, such relationships are generally valid only within limited families of chemicals. The computer program, SPARC, uses computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate a large number of chemical reactivity parameters and physical properties for a wide range of organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. Resonance models were developed and calibrated using measured light absorption spectra, whereas electrostatic interaction models were developed using measured ionization pK(a)s in water. Solvation models (i.e., dispersion, induction, H-bonding, etc.) have been developed using various measured physical properties data. At the present time, SPARC's physical property models can predict vapor pressure and heat of vaporization (as a function of temperature), boiling point (as a function of pressure), diffusion coefficient (as a function of pressure and temperature), activity coefficient, solubility, partition coefficient and chromatographic retention time as a function of solvent and temperature. This prediction capability crosses chemical family boundaries to cover a broad range of organic compounds. C1 [Hilal, S. H.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Saravanaraj, A. N.; Whiteside, T.; Carreira, L. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA USA. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM hilal.said@epa.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-654X J9 J COMPUT AID MOL DES JI J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 693 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s10822-007-9134-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science GA 243WH UT WOS:000251827500006 PM 17989931 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI In situ technologies for reclamation of PCB-Contaminated sediments: Current challenges and research thrust areas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID REDUCE PCB; CARBON; INCIDENT; DIOXINS; HEALTH C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1075 EP 1078 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:12(1075) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233DA UT WOS:000251069400001 ER PT J AU Lewis, H AF Lewis, Harry TI Pollution prevention and community environmental health: Opening doors through cooperation and partnerships SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Renewed Environm Program, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lewis, H (reprint author), US EPA, Renewed Environm Program, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Pollut Prevent Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lewis.harry@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 70 IS 5 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 238GZ UT WOS:000251436800008 PM 18189040 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Coull, BA Hubbell, B Ito, K Jerrett, M Lumley, T Thomas, D Vedal, S Ross, M AF Bateson, Thomas F. Coull, Brent A. Hubbell, Bryan Ito, Kazuhiko Jerrett, Michael Lumley, Thomas Thomas, Duncan Vedal, Sverre Ross, Mary TI Panel discussion review: session three - issues involved in interpretation of epidemiologic analyses - statistical modeling SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE epidemiology; air pollution; particulate matter; measurement error; confounding; spatial analysis ID EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT ERROR; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; DAILY MORTALITY; US CITIES; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; UNCERTAINTY; CHILDREN; GEOGRAPHIES AB The Clean Air Act mandates that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develop National Ambient Air Quality Standards for criteria air pollutants and conduct periodic reviews of the standards based on new scientific evidence. In recent reviews, evidence from epidemiologic studies has played a key role. Epidemiologic studies often provide evidence for effects of several air pollutants. Determining whether there are independent effects of the separate pollutants is a challenge. Among the many issues confronting the interpretation of epidemiologic studies of multi-pollutant exposures and health effects are those specifically related to statistical modeling. The EPA convened a workshop on 13 and 14 December 2006 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, to discuss these and other issues; Session Three of the workshop was devoted specifically to statistical modeling. Prominent statistical modeling issues in epidemiologic studies of air pollution include (1) measurement error across the co-pollutants; (2) correlation and multi-collinearity among the co-pollutants; (3) the timing of the concentration-response function; (4) confounding; and (5) spatial analyses. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily respect the views of policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. C1 [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Coull, Brent A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hubbell, Bryan] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ito, Kazuhiko] NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Jerrett, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lumley, Thomas] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thomas, Duncan] Univ So California, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Vedal, Sverre] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ross, Mary] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S90 EP S96 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500631 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900013 PM 18079770 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Graham, JA Chen, LC Postlethwait, EM Ghio, AJ Foster, WM Gordon, T AF Brown, James S. Graham, Judith A. Chen, Lung Chi Postlethwait, Edward M. Ghio, Andrew J. Foster, W. Michael Gordon, Terry TI Panel discussion review: session four - assessing biological plausibility of epidemiological findings in air pollution research SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE air pollution; mixtures; particulate matter; ozone; nitrogen oxides; sulfur dioxide ID CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID; SULFURIC-ACID; PULMONARY RESPONSES; HUMAN LUNG; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURES; TRIANGULAR PROFILES; MEMBRANE OXIDATION; OZONE EXPOSURE; SQUARE-WAVE AB In December 2006, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored a 2-day workshop on "Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects'' in Chapel Hill, NC. The final session at this workshop was devoted to assessing the biological plausibility of epidemiological findings with regard to criteria air pollutants. The presentations and the panel contributions of this last session primarily focused on controlled exposure studies and led to wide-ranging discussions, some of which were provocative. The panel summary provides some guidance to future evaluations of the biological plausibility of the epidemiological reports on criteria pollutants and is intended to stimulate thinking, without drawing any definitive conclusions. This paper does not approach, nor was it intended to approach, the more formal analytical approach such as that used in EPA's development of its Integrated Science Assessment documents for the criteria pollutants. C1 [Brown, James S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Graham, Judith A.] Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. [Chen, Lung Chi; Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Postlethwait, Edward M.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Foster, W. Michael] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; OI Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S97 EP S105 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500632 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900014 PM 18079771 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Burnett, RT Neas, L Thurston, GD Schwartz, J Tolbert, PE Brunekreef, B Goldberg, MS Romieu, I AF Kim, Jee Young Burnett, Richard T. Neas, Lucas Thurston, George D. Schwartz, Joel Tolbert, Paige E. Brunekreef, Bert Goldberg, Mark S. Romieu, Isabelle TI Panel discussion review: session two - interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE epidemiology; ambient air pollution; particulate matter; confounding; source apportionment ID PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; DAILY MORTALITY; MEASUREMENT-ERROR; CANADIAN CITIES; TIME-SERIES; POLLUTION; COMPONENTS; PARTICLES; DIOXIDE AB Air pollution epidemiologic research has often utilized ambient air concentrations measured from centrally located monitors as a surrogate measure of exposure to these pollutants. Associations between these ambient concentrations and health outcomes such as lung function, hospital admissions, and mortality have been examined in short- and long-term cohort studies as well as in time-series and case-crossover studies. The issues related to interpreting the observed associations of ambient air pollutants with health outcomes were discussed at the US EPA sponsored workshop on December 13 and 14, 2006 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. The second session of this workshop focused on the following topics: ( 1) statistical methodology and study designs that may improve understanding of multipollutant health effects; ( 2) ambient concentrations as surrogate measures of pollutant mixtures; and ( 3) source-focused epidemiologic research. New methodology and approaches to better distinguish the effects of individual pollutants include multicity hierarchical modeling and the use of case-crossover analysis to control for copollutants. An alternative approach is to examine the mixture as a whole using principal component analysis. Another important consideration is to what extent the observed health associations are attributable to individual pollutants, which are often from common sources and are correlated, versus the pollutant mixtures that the pollutants are representing. For example, several ambient air concentrations, such as particulate matter mass, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, may be serving as surrogate measures of motor vehicle exhaust. Source apportionment analysis is one method that may allow further advancement in understanding the source components that contribute to multipollutant health effects. C1 [Kim, Jee Young] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.] Hlth Canada, Div Biostat, Environm Hlth Surveillance, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Neas, Lucas] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Thurston, George D.] NYU, Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tolbert, Paige E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Brunekreef, Bert] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Goldberg, Mark S.] McGill Univ, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Romieu, Isabelle] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.jee-young@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; OI brunekreef, bert/0000-0001-9908-0060 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S83 EP S89 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500623 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900012 PM 18079769 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Grant, LD Burnett, RT AF Kim, Jee Young Grant, Lester D. Burnett, Richard T. TI Special issue on interpretation of epidemiologic studies of multipollutant ambient air exposure and health effects SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kim, Jee Young] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.] Hlth Canada, Safe Environm Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.jee-young@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500622 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900001 ER PT J AU Sarnat, JA Wilson, WE Strand, M Brook, J Wyzga, R Lumley, T AF Sarnat, Jeremy A. Wilson, William E. Strand, Matthew Brook, Jeff Wyzga, Ron Lumley, Thomas TI Panel discussion review: session one - exposure assessment and related errors in air pollution epidemiologic studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE exposure error; nitrogen dioxide; sulfur dioxide; particulate matter; surrogate; personal exposure ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS; PULMONARY-DISEASE; AMBIENT; PARTICLES; CHILDREN; COMPONENTS; BALTIMORE AB Examining the validity of exposure metrics used in air pollution epidemiologic models has been a key focus of recent exposure assessment studies. The objective of this work has been, largely, to determine what a given exposure metric represents and to quantify and reduce any potential errors resulting from using these metrics in lieu of true exposure measurements. The current manuscript summarizes the presentations of the co-authors from a recent EPA workshop, held in December 2006, dealing with the role and contributions of exposure assessment in addressing these issues. Results are presented from US and Canadian exposure and pollutant measurement studies as well as theoretical simulations to investigate what both particulate and gaseous pollutant concentrations represent and the potential errors resulting from their use in air pollution epidemiologic studies. Quantifying the association between ambient pollutant concentrations and corresponding personal exposures has led to the concept of de. ning attenuation factors, or a. Specifically, characterizing pollutant-specific estimates for a was shown to be useful in developing regression calibration methods involving PM epidemiologic risk estimates. For some gaseous pollutants such as NO2 and SO2, the associations between ambient concentrations and personal exposures were shown to be complex and still poorly understood. Results from recent panel studies suggest that ambient NO2 measurements may, in some locations, be serving as surrogates to traffic pollutants, including traffic-related PM2.5, hopanes, steranes, and oxidized nitrogen compounds (rather than NO2). C1 [Sarnat, Jeremy A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Strand, Matthew] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Biostat, Denver, CO USA. [Wyzga, Ron] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Lumley, Thomas] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sarnat, JA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jsarnat@sph.emory.edu NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S75 EP S82 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500621 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900011 PM 18079768 ER PT J AU Schwartz, J Sarnat, JA Coull, BA Wilson, WE AF Schwartz, Joel Sarnat, Jeremy A. Coull, Brent A. Wilson, William E. TI Effects of exposure measurement error on particle matter epidemiology: a simulation using data from a panel study in Baltimore, MD SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE particles; air pollution; mortality; time series; measurement error ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INCREASED MORTALITY; EUROPEAN CITIES; TIME-SERIES; AMBIENT; COMPONENTS; RISK; ADMISSIONS; PROJECT; BLOOD AB Ascertaining the true risk associated with exposure to particulate matter ( PM) is difficult, given the fact that pollutant components are frequently correlated with each other and with other gaseous pollutants; relationships between ambient concentrations and personal exposures are often not well understood; and PM, unlike its gaseous co-pollutants, does not represent a single chemical. In order to examine differences between observed versus true health risk estimates from epidemiologic studies, we conducted a simulation using data from a recent multi-pollutant exposure assessment study in Baltimore, MD. The objectives of the simulation were twofold: ( a) to estimate the distribution of personal air pollutant exposures one might expect to observe within a population, given the corresponding ambient concentrations found in that location and; (b) using an assumed true health risk with exposure to one pollutant, to estimate the distribution of health risk estimates likely to be observed in an epidemiologic study using ambient pollutant concentrations as a surrogate of exposure as compared with actual personal pollutant exposures. Results from the simulations showed that PM2.5 was the only pollutant where a true association with its total personal exposures resulted in a significant observed association with its ambient concentrations. The simulated results also showed that true health risks associated with personal exposure to O-3 and NO2 would result in no significant observed associations with any of their respective ambient concentrations. Conversely, a true association with PM2.5 would result in a significant, observed association with NO2 (beta = 0.0115, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0056, 0.0185) and a true association with exposure to SO42- would result in an observed significant association with O3 (beta = 0.0035, 95% CI: 0.0021, 0.0051) given the covariance of the ambient pollutant concentrations. The results provide an indication that, in Baltimore during this study period, ambient gaseous concentrations may not have been adequate surrogates for corresponding personal gaseous exposures to allow the question to be investigated using central site monitors. Alternatively, the findings may suggest that in some locations, observed associations with the gaseous pollutants should be interpreted with caution, as they may be reflecting associations with PM or one of its chemical components. C1 [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sarnat, Jeremy A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Coull, Brent A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schwartz, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 401 Pk Dr,Suite 415 W,POB 15677, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jschwrtz@hsph.harvard.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S2 EP S10 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500619 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900002 PM 18079760 ER PT J AU Van De Sandt, JJM Dellarco, M Van Hemmen, JJ AF Van De Sandt, Johannes J. M. Dellarco, Mike. Van Hemmen, Joop J. TI From dermal exposure to internal dose SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; dermal exposure; internal dose; modelling; (Q) SAR; skin absorption ID IN-VITRO; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; SKIN PERMEABILITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MULTICENTER; PENETRATION; CHEMICALS AB Exposure scenarios form an essential basis for chemical risk assessment reports under the new EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals). In case the dermal route of exposure is predominant, information on both exposure and dermal bioavailability is necessary for a proper risk assessment. Various methodologies exist to measure dermal exposure, providing quantitative or semiquantitative information. Although these studies may provide very specific and relevant information, it should be realized that case by case in-depth exposure assessment would be a very expensive process. Dermal bioavailability data are most often obtained from in vitro studies or animal experiments. For the design of studies, which generate data relevant for chemical risk assessment, detailed information on the exposure conditions is crucial (skin surface exposed, exposure duration, dose and physical state of the chemical). Results from non-testing methods for skin absorption, such as (Q)SARs, have been used only to a very limited extent for regulatory purposes. Suggestions are made in order to extend the use these methods to dermal risk assessment of chemical substances, thereby improving the practicability of REACH. C1 [Van De Sandt, Johannes J. M.; Van Hemmen, Joop J.] TNO Qual Life, Zeist, Netherlands. [Dellarco, Mike.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Van De Sandt, JJM (reprint author), TNO Qual Life, Dept Food & Chem Risk Anal, PO Box 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. EM han.vandesandt@tno.nl NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 1 BP S38 EP S47 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500579 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 240AH UT WOS:000251558900007 PM 17440485 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Mar, TF Koenig, JQ AF Wilson, William E. Mar, Therese F. Koenig, Jane Q. TI Influence of exposure error and effect modi. cation by socioeconomic status on the association of acute cardiovascular mortality with particulate matter in Phoenix SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects CY DEC 13-14, 2006 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk Div DE exposure error; particulate matter; socioeconomic status; cardiovascular mortality; PM ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; PARTICLES; FINE; MODIFIERS; DISEASE; CANADA; CANCER; COHORT AB Using ZIP code-level mortality data, the association of cardiovascular mortality with PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, measured at a central monitoring site, was determined for three populations at different distances from the monitoring site but with similar numbers of deaths and therefore similar statistical power. The % risk and statistical significance for the association of mortality with PM2.5 fell off with distance from the monitor, as would be expected if exposure error increased with distance. However, the % risk for PM10-2.5 increased in going from the population in Central Phoenix, where the monitoring site was located, to a population in a Middle Ring around Phoenix and fell off in an Outer Ring population. The % risks for the Outer Ring were low for each of the six lag days (0-5) and for the 6-day moving average. The lag structures for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 also differed for the Central Phoenix and Middle Ring populations. These differences led us to examine the socioeconomic status (SES) of the populations. On the basis of education and income, the population in Central Phoenix had a lower SES than the Middle Ring. Thus, the differences between Central Phoenix and the Middle Ring may be due to effect modi. cation by SES and differences in exposure error. However, the effect modi. cation by SES may be different for thoracic coarse particulate matter (PM) than for. ne PM. This study provides new information on the association of PM10-2.5 with cardiovascular mortality. In the Middle Ring, the % risk per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM10-2.5 concentration (lower and upper 95% confidence levels) for lag day 1 was 3.4 (1.0, 5.8) and for the 6-day distributed-lag was 3.8 (0.3, 7.5). The differences in lag structure for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 provide evidence that the two particle size classes have health effects that are different and independent. This study also helps explain the high % risks for PM2.5 found for Central Phoenix, 6.6 (1.1, 12.5) for lag day 1, and 11.5 (2.8, 20.9) for the 6-day moving average. The smaller area may have a lower exposure error, and the lower SES population may be more susceptible to. ne PM as compared to the larger areas and more heterogeneous populations used in many studies. C1 [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mar, Therese F.; Koenig, Jane Q.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wilson, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.william@epa.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 SU 2 BP S11 EP S19 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500620 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UO UT WOS:000251751900003 PM 18079759 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Taylor, DL AF Trebitz, Anett S. Taylor, Debra L. TI Exotic and invasive aquatic plants in great lakes coastal wetlands: Distribution and relation to watershed land use and plant richness and cover SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; coastal wetlands; aquatic plants; exotic; invasive; anthropogenic disturbance; rapid survey ID LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; LONG POINT; BASIN; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; DETERMINANTS; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY AB We use data from inundated-area surveys of 58 coastal wetlands spanning a gradient of anthropogenic impacts across all five Laurentian Great Lakes to describe the distribution of nine exotic and invasive taxa of aquatic plants. We found plants that were exotic or have invasive strains to be substantially more prevalent in wetlands in Lakes Erie and Ontario than in Lakes Superior and Huron, with Lake Michigan wetlands intermediate. Najas minor (slender naiad), Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush), and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (European frogbit) were restricted to the lower lakes and rarely dominant. Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian milfoil), Potamogeton crispus (curly pondweed), Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass), Phragmites australis (common reed), and Typha sp. (cattail) were more widespread and except for P. crispus, often among the dominant taxa. None of the submerged or floating-leaf exotic taxa were associated with altered total plant cover or richness, although M. spicatum, P. crispus, and native Stuckenia pectinatus (sago pondweed) were positively associated with agricultural intensity in the watershed (a surrogate for nutrient loading). Emergent P. australis, L. salicaria, and Typha were more likely to be present and dominant as agricultural intensity increased, and were associated with elevated emergent cover and decreased emergent genera richness. Effects of dominant taxa on plant cover and richness were readily detected using ordinal data from 100 m inundated segments but were harder to discern with data aggregated to the wetland scale. The sum of shoreline-wide abundance scores for four easily identified taxa (S. pectinata, P. australis, Typha, and L. salicaria) is proposed as a rapidly-measured indicator of anthropogenic disturbance across the Great Lakes. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Taylor, Debra L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Contient Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Contient Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 18 U2 121 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[705:EAIAPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Adams, T Bonta, JV AF Zhang, Yu Adams, Thomas Bonta, James V. TI Subpixel-scale rainfall variability and the effects on separation of radar and gauge rainfall errors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERIFICATION; VARIANCE AB This paper presents an extended error variance separation method (EEVS) that allows explicit partitioning of the variance of the errors in gauge- and radar-based representations of areal rainfall. The implementation of EEVS demonstrated in this study combines a kriging scheme for estimating areal rainfall from gauges with a sampling method for determining the correlation between the gauge- and radar-related errors. On the basis of this framework, this study examines scale- and pixel-dependent impacts of subpixel-scale rainfall variability on the perceived partitioning of error variance for four conterminous Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project ( HRAP) pixels in central Ohio with data from Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) stage III product and from 11 collocated rain gauges as input. Application of EEVS for 1998-2001 yields proportional contribution of two error terms for July and October for each HRAP pixel and for two fictitious domains containing the gauges ( 4 and 8 km in size). The results illustrate the importance of considering subpixel variation of spatial correlation and how it varies with the size of domain size, number of gauges, and the subpixel locations of gauges. Further comparisons of error variance separation (EVS) and EEVS across pixels results suggest that accounting for structured variations in the spatial correlation under 8 km might be necessary for more accurate delineation of domain-dependent partitioning of error variance, and especially so for the summer months. C1 [Zhang, Yu] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Adams, Thomas] Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. [Bonta, James V.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1363 DI 10.1175/2007JHM835.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247QT UT WOS:000252095100010 ER PT J AU Trempus, CS Dang, H Humble, MM Wei, SJ Gerdes, MJ Morris, RJ Bortner, CD Cotsarelis, G Tennant, RW AF Trempus, Carol S. Dang, Hong Humble, Margaret M. Wei, Sung-Jen Gerdes, Michael J. Morris, Rebecca J. Bortner, Carl D. Cotsarelis, George Tennant, Raymond W. TI Comprehensive microarray transcriptome profiling of CD34-enriched mouse keratinocyte stem cells SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HAIR FOLLICLE BULGE; ENRICHMENT; EXPRESSION; NICHE; SKIN C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth, Mol Toxicol Lab, Canc Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Alpha Gamma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. NCI, Cellular Carcinogenesis & Tumor Promot Lab, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Trempus, CS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth, Mol Toxicol Lab, Canc Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM trempus@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [CA97957] NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 127 IS 12 BP 2904 EP 2907 DI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700917 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 235XB UT WOS:000251266500028 PM 17581618 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Vane, LM AF Namboodiri, Vasudevan V. Vane, Leland M. TI High permeability membranes for the dehydration of low water content ethanol by pervaporation SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; poly(allylamine hydrochloride); dehydration; degree of hydrolysis; PVA ID COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; VAPOR PERMEATION; ALCOHOL MIXTURES; SILICA MEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION AB Energy efficient dehydration of low water content ethanol is a challenge for the sustainable production of fuel-grade ethanol. Pervaporative membrane dehydration using a recently developed hydrophilic polymer membrane formulation consisting of a cross-linked mixture of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and a blend of 99 and 88% hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) is found to be an attractive method. These polymeric membranes possess high water permeabilities at low feed water concentrations (<5 wt%) in ethanol compared to similar membranes in which all of the poly(vinyl alcohol) portion was 99% hydrolyzed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Namboodiri, Vasudevan V.; Vane, Leland M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@EPA.gov NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.050 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 242JZ UT WOS:000251722700021 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Zeldin, DC Blackshear, PJ AF Zhang, Donghui Zeldin, Darryl C. Blackshear, Perry J. TI Regulatory factor X4 variant 3: A transcription factor involved in brain development and disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE regulatory factor X; hydrocephalus; midline; brain development ID DNA-BINDING; FACTOR RFX4; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCEPHALUS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; MOUSE; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; DEFICIENCY AB Regulatory factor X4 variant 3 (RFX4_v3) is a recently identified transcription factor specifically expressed in the brain. Gene disruption in mice demonstrated that interruption of a single allele (heterozygous, +/-) prevented formation of the subcommissural organ (SCO), resulting in congenital hydrocephalus, whereas interruption of two alleles (homozygous, -/-) caused fatal failure of dorsal midline brain structure formation. These mutagenesis studies implicated RFX4_v3 in early brain development as well as the genesis of the SCO. Rfx4_v3 deficiency presumably causes abnormalities in brain by altering the expression levels of many genes that are crucial for brain morphogenesis, such as the signaling components in the Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, and retinoic acid pathways. RFX4_v3 might affect these critical signaling pathways in brain development. Cx3cl1, a chemokine gene highly expressed in brain, was identified as a direct target for RFX4_v3, indicating that RFX4_v3 possesses trans-acting activity to stimulate gene expression. RFX4_v3 is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and might be involved in regulating the circadian clock. One haplotype in RFX4_v3 gene is linked to a higher risk of bipolar disorder, suggesting that this protein might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. This Mini-Review describes our current knowledge about RFX4_v3, an important protein that appears to be involved in many aspects of brain development and disease. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Zhang, Donghui; Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zhang, Donghui; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Respirat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zhang, Donghui; Zeldin, Darryl C.; Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Clin Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Biochem, Durham, NC USA. RP Blackshear, PJ (reprint author), NIEHS, A2-05,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM black009@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101583-05] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0360-4012 J9 J NEUROSCI RES JI J. Neurosci. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3515 EP 3522 DI 10.1002/jnr.21356 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 243EP UT WOS:000251778200002 PM 17510980 ER PT J AU Thornber, CS DiMilla, P Nixon, S McKinney, R AF Thornber, C. S. DiMilla, P. Nixon, S. McKinney, R. TI Natural vs. anthropogenic nitrogen uptake in ulva and gracilaria, two bloom-forming macroalgae SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thornber, C. S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [DiMilla, P.; Nixon, S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [McKinney, R.] US EPA, Atlantic Div, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 202 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200203 ER PT J AU Littles, CJ Williford, D Skoruppa, MK Woodin, MC Hickman, GC AF Littles, Chanda Jones Williford, Damon Skoruppa, Mary Kay Woodin, Marc C. Hickman, Graham C. TI Diet of western Burrowing Owls wintering in southern Texas SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing owl; Athene cunicularia; diet; prey; Texas; winter ID ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; FOOD-HABITS; INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY; SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; TYTO-ALBA; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; OKLAHOMA; PREY AB Winter diets of the western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) are little known. We determined the diet of western Burrowing Owls wintering in southern Texas by analyzing the contents of 182 pellets collected over four winters (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2002-2003, and 2003-2004) in three habitat types (agricultural, mainland grassland, and barrier island). Remains of a total of 7476 prey items were recovered, 98% of which were arthropods. Gryllidae (crickets) formed the largest component (50%) of the prey, followed by lepidopteran larvae (13%), beetles (8%), spiders (7%), and earwigs (6%). Although vertebrates, primarily small mammals and birds, represented only 2% of prey items by number, they represented most (71%) of the biomass. Northern pygmy mice (Baiomys taylori) and fulvous harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) were the two most frequently consumed vertebrate species. In all habitats, arthropods, especially orthopterans, were the primary prey item by number, whereas vertebrates, primarily small mammals, were the most important by biomass. Greater consumption of arthropods by Burrowing Owls in agricultural areas may be a factor contributing to owl use of these highly altered environments. C1 [Littles, Chanda Jones; Williford, Damon; Hickman, Graham C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Skoruppa, Mary Kay; Woodin, Marc C.] US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Unit 5838, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Littles, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Water Management Div, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM dwillifo@coastalbend.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[307:DOWBOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 251WE UT WOS:000252406000006 ER PT J AU Cook, R Touma, JS Fernandez, A Brzezinski, D Bailey, C Scarbro, C Thurman, J Strum, M Ensley, D Baldauf, R AF Cook, Richard Touma, Jawad S. Fernandez, Antonio Brzezinski, David Bailey, Chad Scarbro, Carl Thurman, James Strum, Madeleine Ensley, Darrell Baldauf, Richard TI Impact of underestimating the effects of cold temperature on motor vehicle start emissions of air toxics in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; TAILPIPE EMISSIONS; FUTURE YEARS AB Analyses of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certification data, California Air Resources Board surveillance testing data, and EPA research testing data indicated that EPA's MOBILE6.2 emission factor model substantially underestimates emissions of gaseous air toxics occurring during vehicle starts at cold temperatures for light-duty vehicles and trucks meeting EPA Tier 1 and later standards. An unofficial version of the MOBILE6.2 model was created to account for these underestimates. When this unofficial version of the model was used to project emissions into the future, emissions increased by almost 100% by calendar year 2030, and estimated modeled ambient air toxics concentrations increased by 6-84%, depending on the pollutant. To address these elevated emissions, EPA recently finalized standards requiring reductions of emissions when engines start at cold temperatures. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1469 EP 1479 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1469 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239MS UT WOS:000251523000007 PM 18200932 ER PT J AU Cai, B Dunson, DB AF Cai, Bo Dunson, David B. TI Bayesian multivariate isotonic regression splines: Applications to carcinogenicity studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE factor model; functional data analysis; monotone curves; multiple outcomes; seemingly unrelated regression; tumor data ID SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS; NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; LONGITUDINAL DATA; VARIABLE SELECTION; TUMOR-INCIDENCE; BODY-WEIGHT; MODELS; CURVES AB In many applications, interest focuses on assessing the relationship between a predictor and a multivariate outcome variable, and there may be prior knowledge about the shape of the regression curves. For example, regression functions that relate dose of a possible risk factor to different adverse outcomes can often be assumed to be nondecreasing. In such cases, interest focuses on (1) assessing evidence of an overall adverse effect, (2) determining which outcomes are most affected, and (3) estimating outcome-specific regression curves. This article proposes a Bayesian approach for addressing this problem, motivated by multi site tumor data from carcinogenicity experiments. A multivariate smoothing spline model is specified, that accommodates dependency in the multiple curves through a hierarchical Markov random field prior for the basis coefficients, while also allowing for residual correlation. A Gibbs sampler is proposed for posterior computation, and the approach is applied to data on body weight and tumor occurrence. C1 [Cai, Bo] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cai, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bocai@gwm.sc.edu; dunson1@niehs.nih.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 480 BP 1158 EP 1171 DI 10.1198/016214506000000942 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 243WY UT WOS:000251829200011 ER PT J AU Sahu, SK Gelfand, AE Holland, DM AF Sahu, Sujit K. Gelfand, Alan E. Holland, David M. TI High-resolution space-time ozone modeling for assessing trends SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dynamic model; forecasting/prediction; Markov chain Monte Carlo; misalignment; spatial variability; stationarity ID GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; EXPOSURE AB This article proposes a space-time model for daily 8-hour maximum ozone levels to provide input for regulatory activities: detection, evaluation, and analysis of spatial patterns and temporal trend in ozone summaries. The model is applied to the analysis of data from the state of Ohio that contains a mix of urban, suburban, and rural ozone monitoring sites. The proposed space-time model is autoregressive and incorporates the most important meteorological variables observed at a collection of ozone monitoring sites as well as at several weather stations where ozone levels have not been observed. This misalignment is handled through spatial modeling. In so doing we adopt a computationally convenient approach based on the successive daily increments in meteorological variables. The resulting hierarchical model is specified within a Bayesian framework and is fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Full inference with regard to model unknowns as well as for predictions in time and space, evaluation of annual summaries, and assessment of trends are presented. C1 [Sahu, Sujit K.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton Stat Sci Res Inst, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sahu, SK (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton Stat Sci Res Inst, Southampton, Hants, England. EM S.K.Sahu@soton.ac.uk; alan@stat.duke.edu; holland.david@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES014843-01A2, R01 ES014843] NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 480 BP 1221 EP 1234 DI 10.1198/016214507000000031 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 243WY UT WOS:000251829200016 PM 19759840 ER PT J AU Parker, R Arnold, JG Barrett, M Burns, L Carrubba, L Neitsch, SL Snyder, NJ Srinivasan, R AF Parker, Ronald Arnold, J. G. Barrett, Michael Burns, Lawrence Carrubba, Lee Neitsch, S. L. Snyder, N. J. Srinivasan, R. TI Evaluation of three watershed-scale pesticide environmental transport and fate models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE computational methods; simulation; transport and fate; pesticide; NAWQA; SWAT; NPSM; HSPF; PRZM-RIVWQ ID RIVER BASIN; VALIDATION AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has completed an evaluation of three watershed-scale simulation models for potential use in Food Quality Protection Act pesticide drinking water exposure assessments. The evaluation may also guide OPP in identifying computer simulation tools that can be used in performing aquatic ecological exposure assessments. Models selected for evaluation were the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Nonpoint Source Model (NPSM), a modified version of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), and the Pesticide Root Zone Model-Riverine Water Quality (PRZM-RIVWQ) model. Simulated concentrations of the pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin in surface water were compared with field data monitored in the Sugar Creek watershed of Indiana's White River basin by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The evaluation not only provided USEPA with experience in using watershed models for estimating pesticide concentration in flowing water but also led to the development of improved statistical techniques for assessing model accuracy. Further, it demonstrated the difficulty of representing spatially and temporally variable soil, weather, and pesticide applications with relatively infrequent, spatially fixed, point estimates. It also demonstrated the value of using monitoring and modeling as mutually supporting tools and pointed to the need to design monitoring programs that support modeling. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA Agr Res Serv, Temple, TX 76502 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmosper Adm, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77483 USA. Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Parker, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM parker.ronald@epa.gov RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1443 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00101.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 236UI UT WOS:000251328500006 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Selevan, SG Sram, RJ Evenson, DP Perreault, SD AF Rubes, Jiri Selevan, Sherry G. Sram, Radim J. Evenson, Donald P. Perreault, Sally D. TI GSTM1 genotype influences the susceptibility of men to sperm DNA damage associated with exposure to air pollution SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE gene-environment interaction; sperm DNA damage; glutathione-S-transferase; SCSA; genetic susceptibility ID CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE ASSAY; S-TRANSFERASE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; HERITABLE MUTATIONS; CLINICAL-ASPECTS; MALE-INFERTILITY; SEMEN QUALITY; ADDUCTS; FRAGMENTATION; CANCER AB Previous studies have provided evidence for an association between exposure to high levels of air pollution and increased DNA damage in human sperm. In these studies DNA damage was measured using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) wherein the percentage of sperm with abnormal chromatin/fragmented DNA is determined and expressed as % DNA fragmentation index (%DFI). Here we extend these observations to address the following hypothesis: men who are homozygous null for glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1-) are less able to detoxify reactive metabolites of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) found in air pollution. Consequently they are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution on sperm chromatin. Using a longitudinal study design in which men provided semen samples during periods of both low (baseline) and episodically high air pollution, this study revealed a statistically significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and increased SCSA-defined %DFI (beta = 0.309; 95% CI: 0.129, 0.489). Furthermore, GSTM1 null men also showed higher %DFI in response to exposure to intermittent air pollution (beta = 0.487; 95% CI: 0.243, 0.731). This study thus provides novel evidence for a gene-environment interaction between GSTM1 and air pollution (presumably c-PAHs). The significance of the findings in this study with respect to fertility status is unknown. However, it is biologically plausible that increases in %DFI induced by such exposures could impact the risk of male sub/infertility, especially in men who naturally exhibit high levels of %DFI. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Res Inst, CS-62100 Brno, Czech Republic. NCEA, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. Inst Expt Med ASCR, CS-14220 Prague, Czech Republic. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US EPA, ORD, MD71, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rubes, J (reprint author), Vet Res Inst, Hudcova 70, CS-62100 Brno, Czech Republic. EM rubes@vri.cz RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 35 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.05.012 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 238SL UT WOS:000251467800002 PM 17714740 ER PT J AU Wang, A Robertson, JL Holladay, SD Tennant, AH Lengi, AJ Ahmed, SA Huckle, WR Kligerman, AD AF Wang, Amy Robertson, John L. Holladay, Steven D. Tennant, Alan H. Lengi, Andrea J. Ahmed, S. Ansar Huckle, William R. Kligerman, Andrew D. TI Measurement of DNA damage in rat urinary bladder transitional cells: Improved selective harvest of transitional cells and detailed Comet assay protocols SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Comet assay; urinary bladder; transitional epithelium ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; UROTHELIAL CELLS; GENOTOXICITY; REPAIR; FORMALDEHYDE; INDUCTION; HUMANS; ACID AB Urinary bladder transitional epithelium is the main site of bladder cancer, and the use of transitional cells to study carcinogenesis/genotoxicity is recommended over the use of whole bladders. Because the transitional epithelium is only a small fraction of the whole bladder, the alkaline single cell get electrophoresis assay (Comet assay), which requires only a small number of cells per sample, is especially suitable for measuring DNA damage in transitional cells. However, existed procedures of cell collection did not yield transitional cells with a high purity, and pooling of samples was needed for Comet assay. The goal of this study was to develop an optimized protocol to evaluate DNA damage in the urinary bladder transitional epithelium. This was achieved by an enzymatic stripping method (trypsin-EDTA incubation plus gentle scraping) to selectively harvest transitional cells from rat bladders, and the use of the alkaline Comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks, alkaline labile sites, and DNA-protein crosslinks. Step by step procedures are reported here. Cells collected from a single rat bladder were sufficient for multiple Comet assays. With this new protocol, increases in DNA damage were detected in transitional cells after in vitro exposure to the positive control agents, hydrogen peroxide or formaldehyde. Repair of the induced DNA damage occurred within 4 h. This indicated the capacity for DNA repair was maintained in the harvested cells. The new protocol provides a simple and inexpensive method to detect various types of DNA damage and to measure DNA damage repair in urinary bladder transitional cells. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Phase II,Duckpond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amywang@vt.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 634 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.nugentox.2007.06.004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 238VW UT WOS:000251477200006 PM 17686649 ER PT J AU Kissling, GE Dertinger, SD Hayashi, M MacGregord, JT AF Kissling, Grace E. Dertinger, Stephen D. Hayashi, Makoto MacGregord, James T. TI Sensitivity of the erythrocyte micronucleus assay: Dependence on number of cells scored and inter-animal variability SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte micronucleus assay; flow cytometry; binomial counting error; inter-animal variability; power calculation ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD RETICULOCYTES; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; VALIDATION; INDUCTION; RODENT; DAMAGE; RAT AB Until recently, the in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay has been scored using microscopy. Because the frequency of micronucleated cells is typically low, cell counts are subject to substantial binomial counting error. Counting error, along with inter-animal variability, limit the sensitivity of this assay. Recently, flow cytometric methods have been developed for scoring micronucleated erythrocytes and these methods enable many more cells to be evaluated than is possible with microscopic scoring. Using typical spontaneous micronucleus frequencies reported in mice, rats, and dogs we calculate the counting error associated with the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes as a function of the number of reticulocytes scored. We compare this counting error with the interanimal variability determined by flow cytometric scoring of sufficient numbers of cells to assure that the counting error is less than the inter-animal variability, and calculate the minimum increases in micronucleus frequency that can be detected as a function of the number of cells scored. The data show that current regulatory guidelines allow low power of the test when spontaneous frequencies are low (e.g., <= 0.1%). Tables and formulas are presented that provide the necessary numbers of cells that must be scored to meet the recommendation of the International Working Group on Genotoxicity Testing that sufficient cells be scored to reduce counting error to less than the inter-animal variability, thereby maintaining a more uniform power of detection of increased micronucleus frequencies across laboratories and species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Litron Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. Toxicol Consulting Serv, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. RP Kissling, GE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kissling@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES045003-11] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 634 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.07.010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 238VW UT WOS:000251477200026 PM 17851117 ER PT J AU Muse, GW Gilchrist, DA Nechaev, S Shah, R Parker, JS Grissom, SF Zeitlinger, J Adelman, K AF Muse, Ginger W. Gilchrist, Daniel A. Nechaev, Sergei Shah, Ruchir Parker, Joel S. Grissom, Sherry F. Zeitlinger, Julia Adelman, Karen TI RNA polymerase is poised for activation across the genome SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION ELONGATION; IN-VIVO; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HSP70 GENE; HEAT-SHOCK; PROMOTER; COMPLEX; CELLS; NELF; INITIATION AB Regulation of gene expression is integral to the development and survival of all organisms. Transcription begins with the assembly of a pre-initiation complex at the gene promoter(1), followed by initiation of RNA synthesis and the transition to productive elongation(2-4). In many cases, recruitment of RNA polymerase II ( Pol II) to a promoter is necessary and sufficient for activation of genes. However, there are a few notable exceptions to this paradigm, including heat shock genes and several proto-oncogenes, whose expression is attenuated by regulated stalling of polymerase elongation within the promoter-proximal region(5-13). To determine the importance of polymerase stalling for transcription regulation, we carried out a genome-wide search for Drosophila melanogaster genes with Pol II stalled within the promoter-proximal region. Our data show that stalling is widespread, occurring at hundreds of genes that respond to stimuli and developmental signals. This finding indicates a role for regulation of polymerase elongation in the transcriptional responses to dynamic environmental and developmental cues. C1 Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Constella Grp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Express Anal, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Nine Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Stowers Inst Med Res, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Adelman, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM adelmank@niehs.nih.gov OI Gilchrist, Daniel/0000-0003-1668-2790 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101987-02] NR 30 TC 440 Z9 444 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1507 EP 1511 DI 10.1038/ng.2007.21 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235XK UT WOS:000251267400020 PM 17994021 ER PT J AU Zeitlinger, J Stark, A Kellis, M Hong, JW Nechaev, S Adelman, K Levine, M Young, RA AF Zeitlinger, Julia Stark, Alexander Kellis, Manolis Hong, Joung-Woo Nechaev, Sergei Adelman, Karen Levine, Michael Young, Richard A. TI RNA polymerase stalling at developmental control genes in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION ELONGATION; MESODERM DEVELOPMENT; PROXIMAL REGION; TARGET GENES; DORSAL; PROMOTER; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; SNAIL; RECRUITMENT AB It is widely assumed that the key rate-limiting step in gene activation is the recruitment of RNA polymerase II ( Pol II) to the core promoter(1). Although there are well-documented examples in which Pol II is recruited to a gene but stalls(2-12), a general role for Pol II stalling in development has not been established. We have carried out comprehensive Pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray ( ChIP-chip) assays in Drosophila embryos and identified three distinct Pol II binding behaviors: active ( uniform binding across the entire transcription unit), no binding, and stalled ( binding at the transcription start site). The notable feature of the similar to 10% genes that are stalled is that they are highly enriched for developmental control genes, which are either repressed or poised for activation during later stages of embryogenesis. We propose that Pol II stalling facilitates rapid temporal and spatial changes in gene activity during development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Nine Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Broad Inst Massachustts Inst Technol & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Levine, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mlevine@berkeley.edu RI Stark, Alexander/D-1473-2012; Young, Richard/F-6495-2012 OI Stark, Alexander/0000-0003-2611-0841; Young, Richard/0000-0001-8855-8647 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101987-02]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG004037, HG002668, R01 HG002668, R01 HG004037-01A1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM069676, GM34431, R01 GM046638, R01 GM069676, R37 GM046638] NR 30 TC 429 Z9 435 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1512 EP 1516 DI 10.1038/ng.2007.26 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235XK UT WOS:000251267400021 PM 17994019 ER PT J AU Sin, Y Sigleo, AC Song, E AF Sin, Yongsik Sigleo, Anne C. Song, Eunsook TI Nutrient fluxes in the microalgal-dominated intertidal regions of the lower Yaquina Estuary, Oregon (USA). SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC MICROALGAE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER COLUMN; SALT-MARSH; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; DIURNAL-VARIATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOFT SEDIMENTS AB The effects of benthic microalgae on sediment nutrient fluxes were investigated at three sites across the intertidal zone of lower Yaquina Bay. Study sites were selected where microalage were present but where seagrass and mud shrimp were absent. Sediment columns were collected seasonally from one to three stations from September 1999 through August 2000 to determine the seasonal and spatial range in benthic fluxes. Collected sediments were carried to the nearby laboratory for light and dark incubation experiments. Nitrate fluxes ranged from -122 to -4 mu mol N m(-2) hr(-1), whereas ammonia fluxes ranged from -52 to 101 mu mol N m(-2) hr(-1). The ranges for orthophosphate and silicate were -7.4 to 12 mu mol P m(-2) hr' and -93 to 283 pmol Si m(-2) hr(-1). The sediments were always a net sink for nitrate. Nitrate uptake rates were highest during the warmest month (August) and lowest during the coldest months (November and January). Nitrate fluxes were not statistically different for light and dark conditions. Ammonium was generally released from sediments into the water column in the dark, whereas it was taken up in the light. The sediments were a net sink for all tested nutrients under light conditions, whereas all nutrients except nitrate were released into the water column in the dark, indicating that ammonia, orthophosphate and silicate were utilized by benthic microalgae at the sediment-water interface in the light. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RP Sin, Y (reprint author), Mokpo Natl Maritime Univ, Div Ocean Syst Engn, Mokpo 530729, South Korea. EM yongsik@mmu.ac.kr NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160IK UT WOS:000245933900004 ER PT J AU Zhu, JL Obel, C Bech, BH Olsen, J Basso, O AF Zhu, Jin Liang Obel, Carsten Bech, Bodil Hammer Olsen, Jorn Basso, Olga TI Infertility, infertility treatment, and fetal growth restriction SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PRETERM DELIVERY; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; RISK; TIME; IVF; SUBFERTILITY; CONCEPTION AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between infertility, with or without treatment, and fetal growth, as well as perinatal and infant mortality. METHODS: From the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003), we identified 51,041 singletons born of fertile couples (time to pregnancy 12 months or less) 5,787 born of infertile couples conceiving naturally (time to pregnancy more than 12 months), and 4,317 born after treatment. We defined small for gestational age (SGA) as the lowest 5% of birth weight by sex and gestational age. RESULTS: Crude estimates suggested an increased risk of perinatal mortality and SGA among infertile couples (treated and untreated), but the odds ratios (ORs) of perinatal mortality among infertile couples were attenuated after adjustment for maternal age and body mass index (1.32, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.95-1.84 among untreated and 1.26, 95% Cl 0.86-1.85 among treated couples). The elevated risk of SGA among infertile couples persisted after adjustment for maternal age, parity, and smoking (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.10-1.40 among untreated, and OR 1.40, 95% Cl 1.23-1.60 among treated). The risk of SGA increased with time to pregnancy, and a longer time to pregnancy was associated with a small reduction in birth weight across the whole distribution. CONCLUSION: The increased risk of SGA observed among infertile couples with or without infertility treatment suggests that infertility may be a risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction. Treatment per se may have little effect on fetal growth. A small-to-moderate increased risk of perinatal mortality in infertile couples cannot be ruled out due to the small number of cases. C1 Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Gynaecol & Obstet, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, DK-8000 Aarhus N, Denmark. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zhu, JL (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM zjl@soci.au.dk RI Olsen, Jorn/F-8801-2015; Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010; Bech, Bodil Hammer/B-9646-2016 OI Olsen, Jorn/0000-0001-7462-5140; Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921; FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1334 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000290330.80256.97 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 236LH UT WOS:000251304000018 PM 18055728 ER PT J AU Markert, JA Arnegard, ME AF Markert, Jeffrey A. Arnegard, Matthew E. TI Size-dependent use of territorial space by a rock-dwelling cichlid fish SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE male-male competition; substrate quality; resource holding potential; habitat shift; natural history ID PSEUDOTROPHEUS-ZEBRA BOULENGER; LAKE VICTORIA CICHLIDS; SEXUAL SELECTION; LABEOTROPHEUS-FUELLEBORNI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MALE COLORATION; FEMALE CHOICE; MALE QUALITY; MALAWI; PISCES AB Territoriality fundamentally influences animal mating systems and patterns of population structure. Although territory ownership is already known to contribute importantly to male reproductive success and the ecological coexistence of African rock-dwelling cichlids, the significance of variation in territory features has received little attention in these fishes. In Lake Malawi, males of Pseudotropheus tropheops "orange chest" defend territories on either of two substrate classes at Harbour Island: flat rock slabs lacking crevices and caves, or structurally complex boulder fields containing cave shelters. Focal watches of this species demonstrated that both territory size and occupancy on either substrate type depend on the size of male residents. Males larger than a threshold size exclusively held the largest and most structurally complex territories. After removal of conspecific residents, more vacant territorial areas on cave-containing substrate were reoccupied by "orange chest" males in full breeding coloration compared to vacant areas on flat substrate. These findings suggest competition among "orange chest" males for complex rocky substrate. Defense of caves was associated with enhanced male courtship rates: the number of caves within a male's territory was a better predictor of courtship activity than was male size or territory area. In addition to territories being crucial for male reproductive success and therefore likely playing a role in sexual selection, male-male competition for caves in rock-dwelling cichlids may be promoted by the ecological advantage of enemy-free space. Smaller "orange chest" males lacking caves tended to move into adjacent boulder fields in the presence of predators, particularly at night. In contrast, males defending caves were more likely to remain on their territories when nocturnal predators were present. The territorial behaviors of P. tropheops "orange chest" that we observed in situ provide an instructive natural framework for testing the roles of substrate and ecology in the mating systems of rock-dwelling cichlid fishes. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Populat Ecol Branch, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Arnegard, ME (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM markert@fastmail.fm; arnegard@zoology.ubc.ca NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP 611 EP 621 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0853-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234FU UT WOS:000251146900017 PM 17885765 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Preston, RJ Owen, RD AF Ge, Yue Preston, R. Julian Owen, Russell D. TI Toxicoproteomics and its application to human health risk assessment SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE cancer; environmental; mode of action; risk assessment; toxicology ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIPLEXED PROTEOMICS TECHNOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PREFRACTIONATION TECHNIQUES; TOXICITY PROFILES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TOTAL PROTEIN; RAT-LIVER AB Toxicoproteomics is the use of proteomic technologies to better understand environmental and genetic factors, toxic mechanisms, and modes of action in response to acute exposure to toxicants and in the long-term development of diseases caused or influenced by these exposures. Use of toxicoproteomic technologies to identify key biochemical pathways, mechanisms, and biomarkers of exposure and toxicity will decrease the uncertainties that are associated with human health risk assessments. This review provides an overview of toxicoproteomics from human health risk assessment perspectives. Key toxicoproteomic technologies such as 2-D gel-based proteomic methods and toxicoproteomic approaches are described, and examples of applications of these technologies and methodologies in the risk assessment context are presented. The discussion includes a focus on challenges and future directions. C1 [Ge, Yue; Preston, R. Julian; Owen, Russell D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ge.yue@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 71 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1624 DI 10.1002/prca.200700490 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 244RN UT WOS:000251883100009 PM 21136659 ER PT J AU Lambert, JC Lipscomb, JC AF Lambert, Jason C. Lipscomb, John C. TI Mode of action as a determining factor in additivity models for chemical mixture risk assessment SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mode of action; mechanism of action; key event; chemical mixture; human health risk assessment ID DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS AB It is inevitable that in a lifetime humans will be exposed to a diverse array of chemical mixtures through occupational, recreational, and/or domestic activities. These mixtures may be simple, consisting of two or more definable compounds, or may be more complex containing several hundred related congeners and/or unrelated compounds. Due to a paucity of mixtures toxicity data, the estimation of risk of adverse health effects associated with mixtures typically comes from empirical observations of single chemical exposures. Under existing policy, characterizing the relative contribution of each compound depends on identification of the target organ or tissue dose, mode of action, and duration of effect. Currently, there is no consensus on what constitutes a toxic mode or mechanism of action, nor is there a universally accepted framework to determine similarity or independence of mode of action for mixtures risk assessment. This lack of a comprehensive classification paradigm for mode or mechanism of toxic action continues to be a major rate-limiting step in the advancement of mixtures risk assessment. A potential unifying approach to characterizing mode of action involves critical evaluation of data at all levels of biological organization for identification of 'key events'. Development of a biologically plausible weight of evidence description of the key obligatory steps in mechanistic pathways may facilitate selection of the most appropriate component-based mixtures risk assessment approach. Hypothetical case studies are presented to demonstrate the quantitative impact of the choice of dose addition or response addition to estimate risk. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lambert, Jason C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lipscomb.john@epa.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.07.002 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 241HJ UT WOS:000251647200005 PM 17804132 ER PT J AU Kopylev, L Chen, C White, P AF Kopylev, Leonid Chen, Chao White, Paul TI Towards quantitative uncertainty assessment for cancer risks: Central estimates and probability distributions of risk in dose-response modeling SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expected value of risk; probabilistic risk assessment; uncertainty; MCMC; WinBugs ID CARCINOGENICITY; FORMALDEHYDE; EXPOSURE; RATS AB Regulatory agencies and the scientific community have been engaged in a long-term effort to strengthen health risk assessment procedures. Recently the momentum of this effort has accelerated to increasing biological information for a variety of toxic compounds and emphasis on the policy goal of broader characterization of scientific uncertainty (in contrast to providing only a single risk estimate). For example, the OMB Regulatory Analysis Guidelines [OMB, 2003. Office of Management and Budget. Circular A-4. Available from: < http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a004/a-4.html/>] suggest that a formal quantitative uncertainty analysis be performed for economic assessments in support of major regulatory analyses, a process that can utilize both expected values and probability distributions for risk estimates. Some efforts have been made in the past to provide probability distributions of risk estimates. In this article, we examine a procedure for constructing probability distributions and expected values of risk estimates using a Bayesian framework. This approach has the advantage of mathematical soundness and computational feasibility, given the Markov chain Monte Carlo software tools that are available today. Importantly, the Bayesian framework can serve as a unifying platform for uncertainty analysis in cancer risk assessment. This paper provides some initial applications of Bayesian methods in quantitative analysis of uncertainty in cancer risk assessment, including implementation with cancer dose-response data sets for two chemicals. The Bayesian expected risk calculations provide an approach to generating a central estimate of risk that does not have the instability problems that have often limited utility of MLE risk estimates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kopylev, Leonid; Chen, Chao; White, Paul] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kopylev, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopylev.leonid@epa.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.08.002 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 241HJ UT WOS:000251647200007 PM 17905499 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Flotemersch, JE Blocksom, KA Decelles, S AF Lane, Charles R. Flotemersch, Joseph E. Blocksom, Karen A. Decelles, Susanna TI Effect of sampling method on diatom composition for use in monitoring and assessing large river condition SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diatom; assessment; sampling method; large rivers; EMAP; NAWQA; water quality; periphyton; phytoplankton ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; INDICATORS; INDEX; ASSEMBLAGES; EUTROPHICATION; STREAMS; MACROINVERTEBRATE; COMMUNITIES AB Multiple diatom sampling methods exist for the assessment of lotic systems but few comparisons of their application efficacies in monitoring have been conducted. In this study 60 sites were sampled on four large, non-wadeable rivers in Ohio and Kentucky, USA, which varied in depth, flow rate, surrounding land use and hydrologic modification. Four algae sampling methods were tested: three methods U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS QUAL and USGS QUAN) collected algae from rocks, debris and sediment in the littoral zone along a 1-2 km reach, while one method (USGS PHYTO) consisted of three cross-river phytoplankton grab samples collected from a boat. Physical and chemical data were also collected. Little difference in diatom assemblage composition was found among the EMAP, QUAL and QUAN methods. Although compositionally similar, the PHYTO method collected a substantial proportion of relatively unique diatoms compared to the littoral zone methods. Two disturbance gradients were calculated, one based on 1 km upstream land use within a 500 m buffer, and the other based on principal component analysis dimension reduction of measured water parameters (PCAWQ). Metrics, generally indicators of eutrophication, were calculated for each sampling method and correlated with the disturbance gradients. After Bonferroni corrections, the EMAP method had six metrics correlated with the PCAWQ, while the PHYTO and QUAL methods each had four correlated metrics. Two QUAN metrics were correlated with the PCAWQ. Few metrics were correlated with the land use measure of disturbance. While the EMAP method had the most correlated metrics, this method, along with QUAL and QUAN methods are time and labour intensive (>1 h), relative to the phytoplankton method (< 20 min). Resource managers may desire to weigh the benefits of two additional metrics with the EMAP method versus the costs associated with increased sampling time and effort. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lane, Charles R.; Flotemersch, Joseph E.; Blocksom, Karen A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Decelles, Susanna] US EPA, Dynam Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lane.charles@epa.gov NR 67 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1126 EP 1146 DI 10.1002/rra.1038 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 253PM UT WOS:000252530100006 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Belin, RM Clickner, R Jeffries, R Phillips, L Mahaffey, KR AF Aoki, Yutaka Belin, Ruth M. Clickner, Robert Jeffries, Rebecca Phillips, Linda Mahaffey, Kathryn R. TI Serum TSH and total T-4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID THYROID-DISEASE; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY AB Objective: Describe thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T-4) levels in the U. S. population and their association with selected participant characteristics. Design: Secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from 4392 participants, reflecting 222 million individuals, during 1999-2002. Results: Hypothyroidism prevalence (TSH> 4.5 mIU/L) in the general population was 3.7%, and hyperthyroidism prevalence (TSH < 0.1 mIU/L) was 0.5%. Among women of reproductive age (12-49 years), hypothyroidism prevalence was 3.1%. Individuals aged 80 years and older had five times greater odds for hypothyroidism compared to 12- to 49-year-olds (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.0, p = 0.0002). ORs were adjusted for sex, race, annual income, pregnancy status, and usage of thyroid-related medications (levothyroxine/thyroid, estrogen, androgen, lithium, and amiodarone). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks had a lower risk for hypothyroidism (OR 0.46, p = 0.04) and a higher risk for hyperthyroidism (OR 3.18, p = 0.0005), while Mexican Americans had the same risk as non-Hispanic whites for hypothyroidism, but a higher risk for hyperthyroidism (OR 1.98, p = 0.04). Among those taking levothyroxine or desiccated thyroid, the adjusted risk for either hypothyroidism (OR 4.0, p = 0.0001) or hyperthyroidism (OR 11.4, p = 4x10(-9)) was elevated. Conclusions: Associations with known factors such as age, race, and sex were confirmed using this data set. Understanding the prevalence of abnormal thyroid tests among reproductive-aged women informs decisions about screening in this population. The finding that individuals on thyroid hormone replacement medication often remain hypothyroid or become hyperthyroid underscores the importance of monitoring. C1 [Phillips, Linda; Mahaffey, Kathryn R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Aoki, Yutaka] Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Belin, Ruth M.] Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Clickner, Robert; Jeffries, Rebecca] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, 7201M,120 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mahaffey.kate@epa.gov NR 25 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1211 EP 1223 DI 10.1089/thy.2006.0235 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 251UT UT WOS:000252401500005 PM 18177256 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Miller, CA Hopke, PK Gordon, T Vedal, S Vandenberg, JJ Costa, DL AF Nadadur, Srikanth S. Miller, C. Andrew Hopke, Philip K. Gordon, Terry Vedal, Sverre Vandenberg, John J. Costa, Daniel L. TI The complexities of air pollution regulation: The need for an integrated research and regulatory perspective SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE air pollution; criteria pollutants; PM; monitoring; toxicity; epidemiology; regulation ID AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; PULVERIZED-COAL COMBUSTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIESEL EXHAUST; TIME-SERIES; FLY-ASH; PARTICLES; INFLAMMATION; INHALATION; TOXICITY AB The Clean Air Act mandates the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to periodically reassess existing and new science that underlie the regulation of major ambient pollutants-particulate matter (PM) and tropospheric ozone being most notable. While toxic effects have been ascribed individually to these and other pollutants in the air, it is clear that mixtures of these contaminants have the potential to interact and thereby influence their overall toxic outcomes. It follows that a more comprehensive assessment of the potential health effects of the air pollution complex might better protect human health; however, traditional regulatory drivers and funding constraints have impeded progress to such a goal. Despite difficulties in empirically conducting studies of complex mixtures of air pollutants and acquiring relevant exposure data, there remains a need to develop integrated, interdisciplinary research and analytical strategies to provide more comprehensive (and relevant) assessments of associated health outcomes and risks. The research and assessment communities are endeavoring to dissect this complexity using varied approaches Here we present five interdisciplinary perspectives of this evolving line of thought among researchers and those who use such data in assessment: (1) analyses that coordinate air quality-health analyses utilizing representative polluted U.S. air sheds to apportion source and component-specific health risks; (2) novel approaches to characterize air quality in terms of emission sources and how emission reduction strategies might effectively impact pollutant levels; (3) insights from present-day studies of effects of single ambient pollutants in animal and controlled clinical toxicology studies and how these are evolving to address air pollution; (4) refinements in epidemiologic health assessments that take advantage of the complexities of existent air quality conditions; and (5) new approaches to integrative analyses to establish the criteria for regulation of PM and other criteria pollutants. As these examples illustrate, implementing multidisciplined and integrative strategies offer the promise of more realistic and relevant science, greater reductions in uncertainty, and improved overall air pollution assessment. The regulatory mandate may lag behind the science, but real gains both in public health benefit and the science to dissect complex problems will result. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nadadur, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Nadadurs@niehs.nih.gov RI Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008; OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661; Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm170 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 232RU UT WOS:000251037800001 PM 17609539 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK AF Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Immunotoxicity - The risk is real SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE immunotoxicity; allergy; cigarette smoke; arsenic; polychlorinated bipenyls ID RHESUS MACACA-MULATTA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MATERNAL SMOKING; HOST-RESISTANCE; PASSIVE SMOKING; ADULT EXPOSURE; MICE AB Several papers published over the last year represent significant progress in closing the gap between rodent immunotoxicity data and human risk and indicate that, at least for the developing immune system, the concern raised by rodent data is justified. The studies reviewed here show that suppression of immune responses in rodents is predictive of suppression of immune responses in humans and that there is a relationship between immune suppression following developmental exposure to the toxicants and enhanced risk of infectious or neoplastic disease in humans. The three cases highlighted here are remarkable in that they all deal with real-world environmental exposures that represent different media-air (cigarette smoke), water (arsenic), and food (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs])-and constitute very real risks. Moreover, the arsenic and PCB studies actually demonstrate a quantitative relationship between human exposure and immune suppression. There is evidence that in utero exposure to cigarette smoke and arsenic but not PCBs is associated with increased risk of allergic disease as well. There is clearly potential for designing studies that could address both issues. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 47 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm244 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 232RU UT WOS:000251037800002 PM 17878151 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Tsang, AM Okino, MS Power, FW Knaak, JB Harrison, LS Dary, CC AF Zhang, Xiaofei Tsang, Andy M. Okino, Miles S. Power, Frederick W. Knaak, James B. Harrison, Lynda S. Dary, Curtis C. TI A physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for carbofuran in Sprague-Dawley rats using the exposure-related dose estimating model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbofuran; PBPK/PD model; exposure-related; dose estimating model (ERDEM); Monte Carlo simulation; risk assessment ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; METABOLISM; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INHIBITION; MOUSE; INSECTICIDES; PREDICTION AB Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-N-methylcarbamate), a broad spectrum N-methyl carbamate insecticide, and its metabolite, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, exert their toxicity by reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). To characterize AChE inhibition from carbofuran exposure, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was developed in the Exposure-Related Dose Estimating Model (ERDEM) platform for the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Experimental estimates of physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical model parameters were obtained or based on data from the open literature. The PBPK/PD model structure included carbofuran metabolism in the liver to 16 known metabolites, enterohepatic circulation of glucuronic acid conjugates, and excretion in urine and feces. Bolus doses by ingestion of 50 mu g/kg and 0.5 mg/kg carbofuran were simulated for the blood and brain AChE activity. The carbofuran ERDEM simulated a half-life of 5.2 h for urinary clearance, and the experimental AChE activity data were reproduced for the blood and brain. Thirty model parameters were found influential to the model outputs and were chosen for perturbation in Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the impact of their variability on the model predictions. Results of the simulation runs indicated that the minimum AChE activity in the blood ranged from 29.3 to 79.0% (as 5th and 95th percentiles) of the control level with a mean of 55.9% (standard deviation = 15.1%) compared to an experimental value of 63%. The constructed PBPK/PD model for carbofuran in the SD rat provides a foundation for extrapolating to a human model that can be used for future risk assessment. C1 Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Okino, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM okino.miles@epamail.epa.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 345 EP 359 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm232 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 232RU UT WOS:000251037800004 PM 17804862 ER PT J AU Hornung, MW Cook, PM Fitzsimmons, PN Kuehl, DW Nichols, JW AF Hornung, Michael W. Cook, Philip M. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Kuehl, Douglas W. Nichols, John W. TI Tissue distribution and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in embryonic and larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PAH; BaP; fish; metabolism; embryo ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; HYDROXYLASE-ACTIVITY; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS; BROWN BULLHEAD; SPARUS-AURATA AB The need to understand chemical uptake, distribution, and metabolism in embryonic and larval fish derives from the fact that these early life stages often exhibit greater sensitivity to xenobiotic compounds than do adult animals. In this study, a 6-h acute waterborne exposure immediately after fertilization was used to quickly load the egg with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). This exposure was used to mimic the initial egg concentration of a persistent bioaccumulative toxicant that could result from maternal transfer. We used multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) in combination with conventional analytical chemistry methods to characterize the tissue distribution of BaP and its principal metabolites in medaka embryos and post-hatch larvae. Embryonic metabolism of BaP was evident by MPLSM prior to liver formation or heart development. A major product of this metabolism was identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as BaP-3-glucuronide. MPLSM showed that metabolites were sequestered within the yolk, biliary system, and gastrointestinal tract. When the gastrointestinal tract became patent a few days after hatch, the metabolites were rapidly eliminated. These findings indicate that some of the earliest embryonic tissues are metabolically competent and that redistribution of BaP and its metabolic products occurs throughout development. Rapid metabolism of BaP substantially reduces the body burden of parent chemical in the developing embryo, potentially reducing toxicity. It remains unclear whether metabolism of BaP in medaka embryos leads to the formation of DNA adducts associated with genotoxic effects or yields metabolites that later lead to other toxicity in juveniles or adults. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Hornung, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hornung.michael@epa.gov NR 56 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm231 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 232RU UT WOS:000251037800008 PM 17804863 ER PT J AU Sen, B Wolf, DC Turpaz, Y Bugrim, A Retief, J Hester, SD AF Sen, Banalata Wolf, Douglas C. Turpaz, Yaron Bugrim, Andrej Retief, Jacques Hester, Susan D. TI Identification of interspecies concordance of mechanisms of arsenic-induced bladder cancer SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE dimethylarsinic acid; toxicogenomics; interspecies extrapolation; risk assessment ID TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; MALE F344 RATS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DNA-DAMAGE; TOXICITY AB Exposure to arsenic causes cancer by inducing a variety of responses that affect the expression of genes associated with numerous biological pathways leading to altered cell growth and proliferation, signaling, apoptosis and oxidative stress response. Affymetrix Gene-Chip(R) arrays were used to detect gene expression changes following dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) exposure to human bladder cells (UROtsa) or rat bladder cells (MYP3) and rat bladder epithelium in vivo at comparable doses. Using different experimental models coupled with transcriptional profiling allowed investigation of the correlation of mechanisms of DMA-induced toxicity between in vitro and in vivo treatment and across species. Our observations suggest that DMA-induced gene expression in UROtsa cells is distinct from that observed in the MYP3 cells. Principal component analysis shows a more distinct separation by treatment and dose in MYP3 cells as compared to UROtsa cells. However, at the level of pathways and biological networks, DMA affects both common and unique processes in the bladder transitional cells of human and rats. Twelve pathways were found common between human in vitro, rat in vitro and rat in vivo systems. These included signaling pathways involved in adhesion, cellular growth and differentiation. Fifty-five genes found to be commonly expressed between rat in vivo and rat in vitro systems were involved in diverse functions such as cell cycle regulation, lipid metabolism and protein degradation. Many of the genes, processes and pathways have previously been associated with arsenic-induced toxicity. Our finding reiterates and also identifies new biological processes that might provide more information regarding the mechanisms of DMA-induced toxicity. The results of our analysis further suggest that gene expression profiles can address pertinent issues of relevance to risk assessment, namely interspecies extrapolation of mechanistic information as well as comparison of in vitro to in vivo response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sen, Banalata; Wolf, Douglas C.; Hester, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Turpaz, Yaron] Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Bugrim, Andrej] GeneGo Inc, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. [Retief, Jacques] Iconix Pharmaceut Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Sen, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD B243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sen.banalata@epa.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1513 EP 1529 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.021 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 239ZZ UT WOS:000251558100019 PM 17720352 ER PT J AU Watkins, JA Meacham, CA Crofton, KM Shafer, TJ AF Watkins, Jennifer A. Meacham, Connie A. Crofton, Kevin M. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Concentration-dependent accumulation of [H-3]-deltamethrin in sodium channel Na(v)1.2/beta(1) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; deltamethrin; sodium channel; accumulation; oocytes ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; MUTATION; BINDING; CYPERMETHRIN; TOXICITY AB Disruption of neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) by pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin (DLT) has been widely studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes transfected with VSSC. However, the extent of pyrethroid accumulation in VSSC-expressing oocytes is unknown. Therefore, accumulation of [H-3]-DLT in non-transfected, sham (water)-transfected and VSSC (Na(v)1.2 + beta 1)-transfected oocytes after a 1 h exposure was measured using liquid scintillation counting. Successful transfection of Na(v)1.2 + beta(1) VSSCs in X. laevis oocytes was confirmed by two-electrode voltage-clamp; inward, tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive currents were obtained in 98% of all oocytes examined (n = 60 in nine experiments). DLT (1.0 mu M) induced tail currents in all VSSC-transfected oocytes; TTX also blocked these DLT-induced tail currents. In 0.1 mu M DLT solution, non-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.098 +/- 0.01 ppm [H-3]-DLT, sham-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.06 +/- 0.01 ppm DLT, and VSSC-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.050 +/- 0.009 ppm DLT. In 1.0 mu M DLT solution, non-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.62 +/- 0.08 ppm DLT, sham-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.60 +/- 0.09 ppm DLT, and VSSC-transfected oocytes accumulated 0.51 +/- 0.07 ppm DLT. There was a significant difference in DLT accumulation between VSSC-transfected oocytes and non-transfected controls, where the transfected oocytes consistently had less accumulation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meacham, Connie A.; Crofton, Kevin M.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Watkins, Jennifer A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div, MD-BI05-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1672 EP 1677 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.002 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 239ZZ UT WOS:000251558100036 PM 17574382 ER PT J AU Pascual, P AF Pascual, Pasky TI Avoiding tragedies of the intellectual commons through Integrated Impact Assessments SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental models; integrated water resources management; integrated impact assessment; mercury AB This paper suggests that an ex ante assessment of future social, environmental, and economic impacts i.e., an Integrated Impact Assessment, as advocated by the European Commission might be precisely the sort of interdisciplinary and numerate analytical tool to give administrative reality to the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). For these assessments to be an effective administrative tool for IWRM, the general public must be able to use them to transparently compare environmental, social, and economic values and to compel states to pursue policies consistent with their underlying analyses. In making this argument, this paper compares the use of integrated assessments by the European Union and the United States in addressing mercury pollution. C1 [Pascual, Pasky] US EPA, CREM, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pascual, P (reprint author), US EPA, CREM, 1200 Penn Ave,MC-8701F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pascual.pasky@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2005 EP 2013 DI 10.1007/s11269-006-9130-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 241FK UT WOS:000251642100003 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Valero, JR AF Verma, Mausam Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal Surampalli, Rao Y. Valero, Jose R. TI Industrial wastewaters and dewatered sludge: rich nutrient source for production and formulation of biocontrol agent, Trichoderma viride SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; conidia; entomotoxicity; Trichoderma viride; wastewater; sludge ID CELLULASE-FREE XYLANASE; THERMOMYCES-LANUGINOSUS; WASTE-WATER; HARZIANUM; CULTURE; FUNGI; ENZYMES AB Axenic cultivation of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma viride was conducted on a synthetic medium and different wastewaters and wastewater sludges in shake flasks to search for a suitable raw material resulting in higher biocontrol activity. Soluble starch based synthetic medium, dewatered municipal sludge, cheese industry wastewater sludge, pre-treated and untreated pulp and paper industry wastewater and slaughter house wastewater (SHW) were tested for T. viride conidia and protease enzyme production. The maximum conidia production followed the order, soluble starch medium (> 10 9 c.f.u./mL), untreated pulp and paper industry wastewater (4.9 x 10 7 c.f.u./mL) > cheese industry wastewater (1.88 x 10 7 c.f.u./mL) approximate to SHW (1.63 x 10 7 c.f.u./mL) > dewatered municipal sludge (3.5 x 10 6 c.f.u./mL) > pre-treated pulp and paper industry wastewater (1.55 x 10 6 c.f.u./mL). The protease activity of T. viride was particularly higher in slaughterhouse wastewater (2.14 IU/ mL) and dewatered municipal sludge (1.94 IU/ mL). The entomotoxicity of soluble starch based synthetic medium was lower (approximate to 6090 SBU/mu L) in contrast to other raw materials. The entomotoxicity inversely decreased with carbon to nitrogen ratio in the growth medium and the conidia concentration and protease activity also contributed to the entomotoxicity. The residual c.f.u./g formulation of T. viride conidia were up to approximately, 90% after 1 month at 4 +/- 1 degrees C and about 70% after 6 months at 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Thus, production of T. viride conidia would help in marketability of low cost biopesticide from the sludge and safe reduction of pollution load. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1703 DI 10.1007/s11274-007-9417-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 217AX UT WOS:000249921900006 PM 27517824 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Teng, Q Jensen, KM Martinovic, D Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Collette, TW AF Ekman, D. R. Teng, Q. Jensen, K. M. Martinovic, D. Villeneuve, D. L. Ankley, G. T. Collette, T. W. TI NMR analysis of male fathead minnow urinary metabolites: A potential approach for studying impacts of chemical exposures SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NMR spectroscopy; fathead minnow; metabolomics; metabolite profiling; vinclozolin ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; VIVO P-31 NMR; DRUG TOXICITY; H-1-NMR METABOLOMICS; BLOOD-PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; METABONOMICS; TOXICOLOGY; GENOMICS AB The potential for profiling metabolites in urine from male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to assess chemical exposures was explored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy was used for the assignment of metabolites in urine from unexposed fish. Because fathead minnow urine is dilute, we lyophilized these samples prior to analysis. Furthermore, 1D H-1 NMR spectra of unlyophilized urine from unexposed male fathead minnow and Sprague-Dawley rat were acquired to qualitatively compare rat and fish metabolite profiles and to provide an estimate of the total urinary metabolite pool concentration difference. As a small proof-of-concept study, lyophilized urine samples from male fathead minnows exposed to three different concentrations of the antiandrogen vinclozolin were analyzed by 1D H-1 NMR to assess exposure-induced changes. Through a combination of principal components analysis (PCA) and measurements of H-1 NMR peak intensities, several metabolites were identified as changing with statistical significance in response to exposure. Among those changes occurring in response to exposure to the highest concentration (450 mu g/L) of vinclozolin were large increases in taurine, lactate, acetate, and formate. These increases coincided with a marked decrease in hippurate, a combination potentially indicative of hepatotoxicity. The results of these investigations clearly demonstrate the potential utility of an NMR-based approach for assessing chemical exposures in male fathead minnow, using urine collected from individual fish. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ekman, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ekman.drew@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.08.005 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 227OP UT WOS:000250667800003 PM 17897733 ER PT J AU Nelson, GM Ahlborn, GJ Delker, DA Kitchin, KT O'Brien, TG Chen, Y Kohan, MJ Roop, BC Ward, WO Allen, JW AF Nelson, Gail M. Ahlborn, Gene J. Delker, Don A. Kitchin, Kirk T. O'Brien, Thomas G. Chen, Yan Kohan, Michael J. Roop, Barbara C. Ward, William O. Allen, James W. TI Folate deficiency enhances arsenic effects on expression of genes involved in epidermal differentiation in transgenic K6/ODC mouse skin SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidermal differentiation; folate deficiency; gene expression; ODC transgenic mouse; skin; sodium arsenite ID FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SODIUM ARSENITE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; TUMOR PROGRESSION; FOLIC-ACID; C-FOS; CELLS; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS AB Chronic arsenic exposure in humans is associated with cancers of the skin, lung, bladder and other tissues. There is evidence that folate deficiency may increase susceptibility to arsenic effects, including skin lesions. K6/ODC mice develop skin tumors when exposed to 10 ppm sodium arsenite for 5 months. In the current study, K6/ODC mice maintained on either a folate deficient or folate sufficient diet were exposed to 0, 1, or 10 ppm sodium arsenite in the drinking water for 30 days. Total RNA was isolated from skin samples and gene expression analyzed using Affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0 GeneChips. Data from 24 samples, with 4 mice in each of the 6 treatment groups, were RMA normalized and analyzed by two-way ANOVA using GeneSpring (TM). Top gene ontology (GO) categories for genes responding significantly to both arsenic treatment and folate deficiency include nucleotide metabolism and cell organization and biogenesis. For many of these genes, folate deficiency magnifies the response to arsenic treatment. In particular, expression of markers of epidermal differentiation, e.g., loricrin, small proline rich proteins and involucrin, was significantly reduced by arsenic in the folate sufficient animals, and reduced further or at a lower arsenic dose in the folate deficient animals. In addition, expression of a number of epidermal cell growth/proliferation genes and cellular movement genes was altered. These results indicate that arsenic disrupts the normal balance of cell proliferation and differentiation, and that folate, deficiency exacerbates these effects, consistent with the view that folate deficiency is a nutritional susceptibility factor for arsenic-induced skin tumorigenesis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ODC Mouse Grp Inc, Drexel Hill, PA USA. RP Allen, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM allen.james@epa.gov NR 69 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 241 IS 3 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.08.094 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 233QM UT WOS:000251105400004 PM 17928125 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Streets, DG He, K Wang, Y Richter, A Burrows, JP Uno, I Jang, CJ Chen, D Yao, Z Lei, Y AF Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. He, Kebin Wang, Yuxuan Richter, Andreas Burrows, John P. Uno, Itsushi Jang, Carey J. Chen, Dan Yao, Zhiliang Lei, Yu TI NOx emission trends for China, 1995-2004: The view from the ground and the view from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TROPOSPHERIC NO2; GOME-SATELLITE DATA; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; FUEL COMBUSTION; CO2 EMISSIONS; ASIA; INVENTORIES; SO2 AB A rapid increase of NO2 columns over China has been observed by satellite instruments in recent years. We present a 10-a regional trend of NOx emissions in China from 1995 to 2004 using a bottom-up methodology and compare the emission trends with the NO2 column trends observed from GOME and SCIAMACHY, the two spaceborne instruments. We use a dynamic methodology to reflect the dramatic change in China's NOx emissions caused by energy growth and technology renewal. We use a scenario analysis approach to identify the possible sources of uncertainties in the current bottom-up inventory, in comparison with the satellite observation data. Our best estimates for China's NOx emissions are 10.9 Tg in 1995 and 18.6 Tg in 2004, increasing by 70% during the period considered. NOx emissions and satellite-based NO2 columns show broad agreement in temporal evolution and spatial distribution. Both the emission inventory data and the satellite observations indicate a continuous and accelerating growth rate between 1996 and 2004 over east central China. However, the growth rate from the emission inventory is lower than that from the satellite observations. From 1996 to 2004, NOx emissions over the region increased by 61% according to the inventory, while a 95% increase in the NO2 columns measured by satellite was observed during the same period. We found good agreement during summertime but a large discrepancy during wintertime. The consistency between the summertime trends suggests that the bias cannot be due to systematic error of activity data or emission factors. The reasons for the discrepancy cannot yet be fully identified, but possible explanations include an underestimation in seasonal emission variations, variability of meteorology, NOx injection height, and the increasing trend of sulfate aerosols. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RI Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; lei, yu/D-3274-2016; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 NR 84 TC 231 Z9 261 U1 22 U2 113 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22306 DI 10.1029/2007JD008684 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 237AX UT WOS:000251346100002 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Elking, D Piquemal, JP Darden, TA AF Cisneros, G. Andres Elking, Dennis Piquemal, Jean-Philip Darden, Thomas A. TI Numerical fitting of molecular properties to Hermite Gaussians SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGY; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; BIOMOLECULAR SIMULATION; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; MECHANICS; DENSITY; COMPUTATIONS AB A procedure is presented to fit gridded molecular properties to auxiliary basis sets (ABSs) of Hermite Gaussians, analogous to the density fitting (DF) method (Dunlap; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 71, 4993). In this procedure, the ab initio calculated properties (density, electrostatic potential, and/or electric field) are fitted via a linear- or nonlinear-least-squares procedure to auxiliary basis sets (ABS). The calculated fitting coefficients from the numerical grids are shown to be more robust than analytic density fitting due to the neglect of the core contributions. The fitting coefficients are tested by calculating intermolecular Coulomb and exchange interactions for a set of dimers. It is shown that the numerical instabilities observed in DF are caused by the attempt of the ABS to fit the core contributions. In addition, this new approach allows us to reduce the number of functions required to obtain an accurate fit. This results in decreased computational cost, which is shown by calculating the Coulomb energy of a 4096 water box in periodic boundary conditions. Using atom centered Hermite Gaussians, this calculation is only I order of magnitude slower than conventional atom-centered point charges. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7616, Chim Theor Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Cisneros, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010; Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426 FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011757912, Z01 ES043010-22] NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 47 BP 12049 EP 12056 DI 10.1021/jp074817r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 234DK UT WOS:000251140700015 PM 17973464 ER PT J AU Courtney, LA Fisher, WS Raimondo, S Oliver, LM Davis, WP AF Courtney, Lee A. Fisher, William S. Raimondo, Sandy Oliver, Leah M. Davis, William P. TI Estimating 3-dimensional colony surface area of field corals SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3D modeling; coral 3D surface area; coral morphology; coral reconstruction; Diploria; hemispheric surrogate; log-linear model; Montastraea; photogrammetry; surface area estimation ID REEF CORALS; RED-SEA; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; HERMATYPIC CORALS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; GROWTH; ZOOXANTHELLAE; RESPIRATION; NITROGEN; ALGAE AB Colony surface area is a critical descriptor for biological and physical attributes of reef-building (scleractinian, stony) corals. The three-dimensional (3D) size and structure of corals are directly related to many ecosystem values and functions. Most methods to estimate colony surface area have been limited to laboratory settings and cannot be used for field corals. Photographic methods for digital 3D reconstruction were applied here to determine the accuracy of three different approaches for estimating colony surface area of field corals from simple underwater measurements. The approaches include a volumetric size-class method, a hemispherical surrogate and a suite of log-linear models generated from stepwise multiple regression analyses of digitally-reconstructed colonies. For each approach, surface area values were calculated from field measurements of colony size and the accuracy was determined by comparison with digitally-derived values for the same colonies. Accuracy varied among approaches; log-linear models (12% difference) were most accurate, followed by the hemispherical surrogate (17% difference) and size-classes (40% difference). The log-linear and hemispherical surrogate approaches are potentially applicable to at least nine common coral species. The photographic reconstruction method, although time-consuming and not intended for routine application, was shown by comparison with laser-scanned images to provide a highly accurate method for determining 3D colony surface area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Courtney, LA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM courtney.lee@epa.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.021 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 220JG UT WOS:000250152400022 ER PT J AU Monteith, DT Stoddard, JL Evans, CD de Wit, HA Forsius, M Hogasen, T Wilander, A Skjelkvale, BL Jeffries, DS Vuorenmaa, J Keller, B Kopacek, J Vesely, J AF Monteith, Donald T. Stoddard, John L. Evans, Christopher D. de Wit, Heleen A. Forsius, Martin Hogasen, Tore Wilander, Anders Skjelkvale, Brit Lisa Jeffries, Dean S. Vuorenmaa, Jussi Keller, Bill Kopacek, Jiri Vesely, Josef TI Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FOREST; EXPORT; SOILS; FINLAND; CLIMATE; SULFATE; STREAMS; MATTER AB Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain recent, widespread increases in concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the surface waters of glaciated landscapes across eastern North America and northern and central Europe(1-3). Some invoke anthropogenic forcing through mechanisms related to climate change(3-5), nitrogen deposition(6) or changes in land use(7), and by implication suggest that current concentrations and fluxes are without precedent. All of these hypotheses imply that DOC levels will continue to rise, with unpredictable consequences for the global carbon cycle. Alternatively, it has been proposed that DOC concentrations are returning toward pre-industrial levels as a result of a gradual decline in the sulphate content of atmospheric deposition(8-10). Here we show, through the assessment of time series data from 522 remote lakes and streams in North America and northern Europe, that rising trends in DOC between 1990 and 2004 can be concisely explained by a simple model based solely on changes in deposition chemistry and catchment acid-sensitivity. We demonstrate that DOC concentrations have increased in proportion to the rates at which atmospherically deposited anthropogenic sulphur and sea salt have declined. We conclude that acid deposition to these ecosystems has been partially buffered by changes in organic acidity and that the rise in DOC is integral to recovery from acidification. Over recent decades, deposition-driven increases in organic matter solubility may have increased the export of DOC to the oceans, a potentially important component of regional carbon balances(11). The increase in DOC concentrations in these regions appears unrelated to other climatic factors. C1 UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. Dept Environm Assessment SLU, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Laurentian Univ, Ontario Minist Environm, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Hydrobiol, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Czech Geol Survey, Prague 15200, Czech Republic. RP Monteith, DT (reprint author), UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM dmonteit@geog.ucl.ac.uk RI Evans, Christopher/F-2087-2010; Monteith, Donald/C-1534-2008; Keller, Wendel/G-1533-2012; Kopacek, Jiri/A-7373-2014; OI Evans, Christopher/0000-0002-7052-354X; Monteith, Donald/0000-0003-3219-1772; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 30 TC 664 Z9 677 U1 56 U2 519 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7169 BP 537 EP U9 DI 10.1038/nature06316 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234JW UT WOS:000251158500044 PM 18033294 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, R Iacob, R Majumder, R Tomer, KB Lentz, BR AF Chattopadhyay, Rima Iacob, Roxana Majumder, Rinku Tomer, Kenneth B. Lentz, Barry R. TI Functional and structural characterization of factor Xa dimer in solution SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Chattopadhyay, Rima; Majumder, Rinku; Lentz, Barry R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Program Mol & Cellular Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Iacob, Roxana; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 MA 2698 BP 792A EP 792A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100803480 ER PT J AU Graziewicz, MA Bienstock, RJ Copeland, WC AF Graziewicz, Maria A. Bienstock, Rachelle J. Copeland, William C. TI The DNA polymerase gamma Y955C disease variant associated with PEO and parkinsonism mediates the incorporation and translesion synthesis opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA NEURONS; P55 ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; STEADY-STATE KINETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOTIDE INSERTION AB Mitochondrial DNA is replicated and repaired by DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma), encoded by the POLG gene. The Y955C substitution in POLG leads to autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) with other severe phenotypes. PEO patients with this mutation can further develop parkinsonism or premature ovarian failure. Mouse and yeast models with this mutation show enhanced amounts of oxidative lesions and increased mtDNA damage. In DNA pol gamma, Tyr955 plays a critical role in catalysis and high fidelity DNA synthesis. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is one of the most common oxidative lesions in DNA and can promote transversion mutations. Mitochondria are thought to be a major source of endogenous reactive oxygen species that can react with dG to form 8-oxo-dG as one of the more common products. DNA polymerases can mitigate mutagenesis by 8-oxo-dG through allosteric interactions from amino acid side chains, which limit the anti-conformation of the 8-oxo-dG template base during translesion DNA synthesis. Here, we show that the Y955C pol g displays relaxed discrimination when either incorporating 8-oxo-dGTP or translesion synthesis opposite 8-oxo-dG. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis suggest that this residue, Tyr955, in conjunction with Phe961 helps attenuate the anti-conformation in human pol g for error free bypass of 8-oxo-dG and substitution to Cys allows the mutagenic syn conformation. Collectively, these results offer a biochemical link between the observed oxidative stress in model systems and parkinsonism in patients, suggesting that patients harboring the Y955C POLG mutation may undergo enhanced oxidative stress and DNA mutagenesis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comp Sci Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Copeland, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM copelan1@niehs.nih.gov OI Bienstock, Rachelle/0000-0001-5228-3610 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14] NR 68 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 16 IS 22 BP 2729 EP 2739 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddm227 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 227SZ UT WOS:000250679400009 PM 17725985 ER PT J AU Kimura, T Perry, J Anzai, N Pritchard, JB Moaddel, R AF Kimura, T. Perry, J. Anzai, N. Pritchard, J. B. Moaddel, R. TI Development and characterization of immobilized human organic anion transporter-based liquid chromatographic stationary phase: hOAT1 and hOAT2 SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hOAT1; hOAT2; drug transporters; affinity chromatography ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; CATION TRANSPORTERS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; KIDNEY; MEDIATE; FAMILY; EXPRESSION; CIDOFOVIR; TOXICITY; ADEFOVIR AB This paper reports the development of liquid chromatographic columns containing immobilized organic anion transporters (hOAT1 and hOAT2). Cellular membrane fragments from MDCK cells expressing hOAT1 and S2 cells expressing hOAT2 were immobilized on the surface of the immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) liquid chromatographic stationary phase. The resulting stationary phases were characterized by frontal affinity chromatography, using the marker ligand [H-3]-adefovir for the hOAT1 and [C-14]-p-aminohippurate for the hOAT2 in the presence of multiple displacers. The determined binding affinities (K-d) for eight OAT1 ligands and eight OAT2 ligands were correlated with literature values and a statistically significant correlation was obtained for both the hOAT1 and hOAT2 columns: r(2) = 0.688 (p < 0.05) and r(2) = 0.9967 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The results indicate that the OAT1 and OAT2 have been successfully immobilized with retention of their binding activity. The use of these columns to identify ligands to the respective transporters will be presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Kyorin Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tokyo 1818611, Japan. RP Moaddel, R (reprint author), NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Bioanalyt & Drug Discovery Unit, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM moaddelru@grc.nia.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999, Z01 ES048014-08, Z99 ES999999] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 859 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.039 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 237VU UT WOS:000251405300017 PM 17977807 ER PT J AU White, LD Cory-Slechta, DA Gilbert, ME Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Zawia, NH Virgolini, M Rossi-George, A Lasley, SM Qian, YC Basha, MR AF White, L. D. Cory-Slechta, D. A. Gilbert, M. E. Tiffany-Castiglioni, E. Zawia, N. H. Virgolini, M. Rossi-George, A. Lasley, S. M. Qian, Y. C. Basha, Md. Riyaz TI New and evolving concepts in the neurotoxicology of lead SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Toxicol DE lead; stress; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; synaptic plasticity; long-term potentiation; chaperones; conformational disease; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid protein ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; RAT GLIOMA-CELLS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GYRUS IN-VIVO; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY; D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Lead (Pb) is a xenobiotic metal with no known essential function in cellular growth, proliferation, or signaling. Decades of research characterizing the toxicology of Pb have shown it to be a potent neurotoxicant, especially during nervous system development. New concepts in the neurotoxicology of Pb include advances in understanding the mechanisms and cellular specificity of Pb. Experimental studies have shown that stress can significantly alter the effects of Pb, effects that could potentially be mediated through alterations in the interactions of glucocorticoids with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of the brain. Elevated stress, with corresponding elevated glucocorticoid levels, has been postulated to contribute to the increased levels of many diseases and dysfunctions in low socioeconomic status populations. Cellular models of learning and memory have been utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits. Examination of long-term potentiation in the rodent hippocampus has revealed Pb-induced increases in threshold, decreases in magnitude, and shorter retention times of synaptic plasticity. Structural plasticity in the form of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is also impacted by Pb exposure. The action of Pb on glutamate release, NMDA receptor function, or structural plasticity may underlie perturbations in synaptic plasticity and contribute to learning impairments. In addition to providing insight into potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits, cellular models offer an opportunity to investigate direct effects of Pb on isolated biological substrates. A target of interest is the 78-kDa molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). GRP78 chaperones the secretion of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by astrocytes. In vitro evidence shows that Pb strongly binds to GRP78, induces GRP78 aggregation, and blocks IL-6 secretion in astroglial cells. These findings provide evidence for a significant chaperone deficiency in Pb-exposed astrocytes in culture. In the long term, chaperone deficiency could underlie protein conformational diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Lead exposure in early life has been implicated in subsequent progression of amyloidogenesis in rodents during old age. This exposure resulted in an increase in proteins associated with AD pathology viz., beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and beta-amyloid (A). These four new lines of research comprise compelling evidence that exposures to Pb have adverse effects on the nervous system, that environmental factors increase nervous system Susceptibility to Pb, and that exposures in early life may cause neurodegeneration in later life. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Joint Inst Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, Dept Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP White, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Room B220L,109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM white.lori@epa.gov RI Qian, Yongchang/A-6968-2009; OI Virgolini, Miriam/0000-0002-0784-2468 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG027246]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES013022, P30-ES09106, P42 ES004917, P42 ES04917] NR 238 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 8 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 225 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.001 PG 27 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 230AH UT WOS:000250847200001 PM 17904601 ER PT J AU Zhang, JM Ghio, AJ Gao, MX Wei, K Rosen, GD Upadhyay, D AF Zhang, Jingmei Ghio, Andrew J. Gao, Mingxing Wei, Ke Rosen, Glenn D. Upadhyay, Daya TI Ambient particulate matter induces alveolar epithelial cell cycle arrest: Role of G1 cyclins SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ambient air pollution particle; cell cycle arrest CDKs; G1 cyclins; particulate matter ID DEPENDENT KINASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; DNA-DAMAGE; LUNG; CDK; TRANSITION; COMPLEXES AB We hypothesized that the ambient air pollution particles (particulate matter; PM) induce cell cycle arrest in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Exposure of PM (25 mu g/cm(2)) to AEC induced cells cycle arrest in G1 phase, inhibited DNA synthesis, blocked cell proliferation and caused decrease in cyclin E, A, D1 and Cyclin E- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2 kinase activity after 4 h. PM induced upregulation of CDK inhibitor, p21 protein and p21 activity in AEC. SiRNAp21 blocked PM-induced downregulation of cyclins and AEC G1 arrest. Accordingly, we provide the evidence that PM induces AEC G1 arrest by altered regulation of G1 cyclins and CDKs. (C) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jingmei; Gao, Mingxing; Wei, Ke; Rosen, Glenn D.; Upadhyay, Daya] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Upadhyay, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM upadhyay@stanford.edu OI Rosen, Glenn/0000-0001-8281-5446 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL010487, F32 HL010487, K08 HL076674, K08 HL076674-03] NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 27 BP 5315 EP 5320 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.020 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 267CU UT WOS:000253487700023 PM 17977533 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Polshettiwar, V Rajender, SVB Jayaram, RV AF Gawande, Manoj B. Polshettiwar, Vivek Rajender, S. Varma B. Jayaram, Radha V. TI An efficient and chemoselective Cbz-protection of amines using silica-sulfuric acid at room temperature SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cbz-protection; silica-sulfuric acid; solvent-free; greener synthesis ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; N-BENZYLOXYCARBONYL DERIVATIVES; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ORGANIC SYNTHESES; MILD CONDITIONS; CATALYST AB A simple, facile, and chemoselective N-benzyloxycarbonylation of amines using silica-sulfuric acid that proceeds under solvent-free conditions at room temperature has been achieved. These reactions are applicable to a wide variety of primary (aliphatic and cyclic) secondary amines, amino alcohols, and heterocyclic amines. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Rajender, S. Varma B.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gawande, Manoj B.; Jayaram, Radha V.] Inst Chem Technol, Dept Chem, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Rajender, SVB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov; rvjayaram@udct.org RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012; Gawande, Dr. Manoj /K-4655-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668; NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 46 BP 8170 EP 8173 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.091 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247RK UT WOS:000252097100019 ER PT J AU Smolarkiewicz, PK Sharman, R Weil, J Perry, SG Heist, D Bowker, G AF Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K. Sharman, Robert Weil, Jeffrey Perry, Steven G. Heist, David Bowker, George TI Building resolving large-eddy simulations and comparison with wind tunnel SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE urban boundary layers; terrain-following coordinates; immersed-boundary approach; flow past a building ID ADVECTION TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION; GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS; MESH ADAPTIVITY; STRATIFIED FLOW; ANELASTIC MODEL; EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY; MPDATA AB We perform large-eddy simulations (LES) of the flow past a scale model of a complex building. Calculations are accomplished using two different methods to represent the edifice. The first method employs the standard Gal-Chen and Somerville terrain-following coordinate transformation, common in mesoscale atmospheric simulations. The second method uses an immersed boundary approach, in which fictitious body forces in the equations of motion are used to represent the building by attenuating the flow to stagnation within a time comparable to the time step of the model. Both methods are implemented in the same hydrodynamical code (EULAG) using the same nonoscillatory forward-in-time (NFT) incompressible dow solver based on the multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithms (MPDATA). The two solution methods are compared to wind tunnel data collected for neutral stratification. Profiles of the first-and second-order moments at various locations around the model building show good agreement with the wind tunnel data. Although both methods appear to be viable tools for LES of urban flows, the immersed boundary approach is computationally more efficient. The results of these simulations demonstrate that, contrary to popular opinion, continuous mappings such as the Gal-Chen and Somerville transformation are not inherently limited to gentle slopes. Calculations for a strongly stratified case are also presented to point out the substantial differences from the neutral boundary layer flows. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Smolarkiewicz, PK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM smolar@ucar.edu NR 54 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 633 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.08.005 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100031 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Schaefer, FW AF Miller, Thomas A. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Changes in mouse circulating leukocyte numbers in C57BL/6 mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone for Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst production SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvurn; immunosuppression; leukocytes; T-lymphocytes; dexamethasone; spleen; thymus; methylprednisolone acetate ID GUT INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; ADULT MICE; T-CELLS; INFECTION; MURIS; IMMUNITY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; APOPTOSIS; WATER AB The Iowa strain of Cryptosporidium parvum will not propagate in immunocompetent mice, but will successfully infect genetically immunocompromised nude or SCID mice as well as immunocompetent mice which have been immunosuppressed with glucocorticoids. Using dexamethasone-tetracycline is one published method for immunosuppressing mice for the production of C. parvum oocysts. However, dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression is variable, because it is dependent on the total daily water consumption of each individual mouse. The changes in circulating leukocytes and other immune system associated organs before, during and after dexamethasone suppression were analyzed for comparison with a new single injection methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) suppression model. The dexamethasone-induced immunocompromised state was associated with a greater than 90% sustained drop in circulating T-lymphocytes, a greater than 700% increase in circulating mature segmented neutrophils and a severe depletion of circulating monocytes. The thymus and spleen decreased in size by over 80%. Oocyst shedding in suppressed mice started within 4 days of oocyst inoculation and persisted for 6 days post-dexamethasone treatment. Seven days after dexamethasone withdrawal, circulating neutrophils still were 549% higher than controls. Circulating CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes remained depressed by 85-90% while on dexamethasone and for 7 days after discontinuing dexamethasone. CD8 lymphocyte numbers initially decreased by 90%, but rose even while on dexamethasone and even with severe thymic involution. At day 7 post-dexamethasone treatment, the spleen was 119 mm 3, approximating the same size as controls. Fourteen days post-dexamethasone treatment, which was 8 days after oocyst shedding had ceased, the CD8 counts per 5000 events were only 1.6% below controls, while the CD3 and CD4 counts were still depressed by 66%. The thymus now was about one quarter smaller than the controls. The rise in circulating CD8 lymphocytes, when oocyst production stopped, suggests that CD8 positive lymphocytes may play a significant role in vivo in clearing the parasite. The overall pattern of immunosuppression was nearly identical to that observed with the methylprednisolone acetate immunosuppression model. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schaefer.Frank@EPA.GOV NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.017 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 227JW UT WOS:000250654000002 PM 17904293 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Molnar, A AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Molnar, Arpad TI Silica-supported Pd catalysts for Heck coupling reactions (vol 63, pg 6949, 2007) SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Molnar, Arpad] Univ Szeged, Dept Organ Chem, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 45 BP 11223 EP 11223 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.045 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247QK UT WOS:000252094200044 ER PT J AU Chou, JW Zhou, T Kaufmann, WK Paules, RS Bushel, PR AF Chou, Jeff W. Zhou, Tong Kaufmann, William K. Paules, Richard S. Bushel, Pierre R. TI Extracting gene expression patterns and identifying co-expressed genes from microarray data reveals biologically responsive processes SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CHECKPOINT; PROFILES; CANCER AB Background: A common observation in the analysis of gene expression data is that many genes display similarity in their expression patterns and therefore appear to be co-regulated. However, the variation associated with microarray data and the complexity of the experimental designs make the acquisition of co-expressed genes a challenge. We developed a novel method for Extracting microarray gene expression Patterns and Identifying co-expressed Genes, designated as EPIG. The approach utilizes the underlying structure of gene expression data to extract patterns and identify co-expressed genes that are responsive to experimental conditions. Results: Through evaluation of the correlations among profiles, the magnitude of variation in gene expression profiles, and profile signal-to-noise ratio's, EPIG extracts a set of patterns representing co-expressed genes. The method is shown to work well with a simulated data set and microarray data obtained from time-series studies of dauer recovery and LI starvation in C. elegans and after ultraviolet (UV) or ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage in diploid human fibroblasts. With the simulated data set, EPIG extracted the appropriate number of patterns which were more stable and homogeneous than the set of patterns that were determined using the CLICK or CAST clustering algorithms. However, CLICK performed better than EPIG and CAST with respect to the average correlation between clusters/patterns of the simulated data. With real biological data, EPIG extracted more dauer-specific patterns than CLICK. Furthermore, analysis of the IR/UV data revealed 18 unique patterns and 2661 genes out of approximately 17,000 that were identified as significantly expressed and categorized to the patterns by EPIG. The time-dependent patterns displayed similar and dissimilar responses between IR and UV treatments. Gene Ontology analysis applied to each pattern-related subset of co-expressed genes revealed underlying biological processes affected by IR-and/or UV-induced DNA damage. Conclusion: EPIG competed with CLICK and performed better than CAST in extracting patterns from simulated data. EPIG extracted more biological informative patterns and co-expressed genes from both C. elegans and IR/UV-treated human fibroblasts. Using Gene Ontology analysis of the genes in the patterns extracted by EPIG, several key biological categories related to p53-dependent cell cycle control were revealed from the IR/UV data. Among them were mitotic cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint, and G(0)-like status transition. EPIG can be applied to data sets from a variety of experimental designs. C1 [Chou, Jeff W.; Paules, Richard S.; Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhou, Tong; Kaufmann, William K.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhou, Tong; Kaufmann, William K.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chou@niehs.nih.gov; tzhou@email.unc.edu; bill_kaufmann@med.unc.edu; paules@niehs.nih.gov; bushel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [U19 ES011391] NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 427 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-427 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 253XJ UT WOS:000252550600001 PM 17980031 ER PT J AU Bonner, MR Coble, J Blair, A Freeman, LEB Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Alavanja, MCR AF Bonner, Matthew R. Coble, Joseph Blair, Aaron Freeman, Laura E. Beane Hoppin, Jane A. Sandler, Dale P. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Malathion exposure and the incidence of cancer in the agricultural health study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malathion; neoplasms; pesticides ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE MALATHION; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; IN-VITRO; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROSTATE-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; WORKERS AB Malathion is the most common organophosphate insecticide applied in the United States, and while some studies suggest that it may be clastogenic, its carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in rodents. However, malathion has been associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in several epidemiologic studies. The authors investigated associations between malathion exposure and cancer among 19,717 pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study between 1993 and 1997. Information on lifetime years and days per year of use and intensity of malathion exposure was obtained with self-administered questionnaires prior to the onset of any cancer. The average follow-up time was 7.5 years (1993-2002). Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, lifetime days of malathion use (top tertile of exposure, >39 days) was not associated with all cancers combined (rate ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.81, 1.15). The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not associated with malathion use, although the number of cases was small. The risk of melanoma with more than 39 lifetime exposure-days was 0.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 1.03). In summary, malathion exposure was not clearly associated with cancer at any of the sites examined. Although the rate ratios for melanoma were reduced, small numbers and lack of experimental evidence suggest that the observed reductions may have arisen by chance. C1 NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 20892 USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 2160 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD USA. EM alavanjm@exchange.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 62 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1034 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm182 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 223VN UT WOS:000250400700006 PM 17720683 ER PT J AU Pongsiri, M AF Pongsiri, Montira TI The US EPA's multidisciplinary approach to examining the links between biodiversity and human health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Pongsiri, Montira] US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 721 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758201182 ER PT J AU Sen, K Schable, NA Lye, DJ AF Sen, Keya Schable, Nancy A. Lye, Dennis J. TI Development of an internal control for evaluation and standardization of a quantitative PCR assay for detection of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCCOID FORMS; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIAGNOSTIC PCR; DNA; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; VIABILITY AB Due to metabolic and morphological changes that can prevent Helicobacter pylori cells in water from growing on conventional media, an H. pylori-specific TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed that uses a 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled probe (A. E. McDaniels, L. Wymer, C. Rankin, and R. Haugland, Water Res. 39:4808-4816, 2005). However, proper internal controls are needed to provide an accurate estimate of low numbers of H. pylori in drinking water. In this study, the 135-bp amplicon described by McDaniels et al. was modified at the probe binding region, using PCR mutagenesis. The fragment was incorporated into a single-copy plasmid to serve as a PCR-positive control and cloned into Escherichia coli to serve as a matrix spike. It was shown to have a detection limit of five copies, using a VIC dye-labeled probe. A DNA extraction kit was optimized that allowed sampling of an entire liter of water. Water samples spiked with the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to behave like H. pylori cells in the qPCR assay. The recombinant E. coli cells were optimized to be used at 10 cells/liter of water, where they were shown not to compete with 5 to 3,000 cells of H. pylori in a duplex qPCR assay. Four treated drinking water samples spiked with H. pylori (100 cells) demonstrated similar cycle threshold values if the chlorine disinfectant was first neutralized by sodium thiosulfate. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sen, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, MLS 140,26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sen.keya@epa.gov NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 22 BP 7380 EP 7387 DI 10.1128/AEM.00687-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 233PR UT WOS:000251103300033 PM 17905876 ER PT J AU Carlton, AG Turpin, BJ Altieri, KE Seitzinger, S Reff, A Lim, HJ Ervens, B AF Carlton, Annmarie G. Turpin, Barbara J. Altieri, Katye E. Seitzinger, Sybil Reff, Adam Lim, Ho-Jin Ervens, Barbara TI Atmospheric oxalic acid and SOA production from glyoxal: Results of aqueous photooxidation experiments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE secondary organic aerosol; aqueous-phase atmospheric chemistry; glyoxal; oxalic acid; organic PM; cloud processing ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; OLIGOMER FORMATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; RATE CONSTANTS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PHASE REACTIONS; GLYOXYLIC-ACID AB Aqueous-phase photooxidation of glyoxal, a ubiquitous water-soluble gas-phase oxidation product of many compounds, is a potentially important global and regional source of oxalic acid and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Reaction kinetics and product analysis are needed to validate and refine current aqueous-phase mechanisms to facilitate prediction of in-cloud oxalic acid and SOA formation from glyoxal. In this work, aqueous-phase photochemical reactions of glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide were conducted at pH values typical of clouds and fogs (i.e., pH = 4-5). Experimental time series concentrations were compared to values obtained using a published kinetic model and reaction rate constants from the literature. Experimental results demonstrate the formation of oxalic acid, as predicted by the published aqueous phase mechanism. However, the published mechanism did not reproduce the glyoxylic and oxalic acid concentration dynamics. Formic acid and larger multifunctional compounds, which were not previously predicted, were also formed. An expanded aqueous-phase oxidation mechanism for glyoxal is proposed that reasonably explains the concentration dynamics of formic and oxalic acids and includes larger multifunctional compounds. The coefficient of determination for oxalic acid prediction was improved from 0.001 to > 0.8 using the expanded mechanism. The model predicts that less than 1% of oxalic acid is formed through the glyoxylic acid pathway. This work supports the hypothesis that SOA forms through cloud processing of glyoxal and other water-soluble products of alkenes and aromatics of anthropogenic, biogenic and marine origin and provides reaction kinetics needed for oxalic acid prediction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carlton, Annmarie G.] NOAA, ASMD, ARL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Altieri, Katye E.; Seitzinger, Sybil] Rutgers State Univ, NOAA, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Reff, Adam] US EPA, AMD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lim, Ho-Jin] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Ervens, Barbara] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, ASMD, ARL, Mail Drop E-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Altieri, Katye/M-5231-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Altieri, Katye/0000-0002-6778-4079; NR 75 TC 220 Z9 221 U1 11 U2 137 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 35 BP 7588 EP 7602 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.035 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243WZ UT WOS:000251829300018 ER PT J AU Vitorino, R Calheiros-Lobo, MJ Williams, J Ferrer-Correia, AJ Tomer, KB Duarte, JA Domingues, PM Amado, FM AF Vitorino, Rui Calheiros-Lobo, Maria Joao Williams, Jason Ferrer-Correia, Antonio J. Tomer, Kenneth B. Duarte, Jose A. Domingues, Pedro M. Amado, Francisco M. TI Peptidomic analysis of human acquired enamel pellicle SO BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE acquired enamel pellicle; whole saliva; LC-MS/MS; salivary peptides; proteolytic activity ID PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO; SALIVARY PEPTIDES; CROSS-LINKING; HYDROXYAPATITE; ADSORPTION; STATHERIN; IDENTIFICATION; HISTATINS AB Human acquired enamel pellicle is the result of a selective interaction of salivary proteins and peptides with the tooth surface. In the present work, the characterization of the peptides as well as the type of interactions established with the enamel surface was performed. Peptides from in vivo bovine enamel implants in the human oral cavity were sequentially extracted using guanidine and trifluoroacetic acid solutions and the fractions obtained were analysed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Based on the LC-MS data, six phosphorylated peptides were identified in an intact form, strongly adsorbed to the enamel surface. Data from the LC-MS/MS analyses allowed us to identified 30 fragment peptides non-covalently bonded to enamel [basic proline-rich proteins, histatins (I and 3) and acidic proline-rich protein classes]. The tandem mass spectrometry experiments showed the existence of a pattern of amide bond cleavage for the different identified peptide classes suggesting a selective proteolytic activity. For histatins, a predominance of cleavage at Arg, Lys and His residues was observed, while for basic proline-rich proteins, cleavage at Arg and Pro residues prevailed. In the case of acidic proline-rich proteins, a clearly predominance of cleavage of the Gln-Gly amide bond was evident. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. Univ Porto, Fac Sport, CIAFEL, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Amado, FM (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM famado@dq.ua.pt RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; Domingues, Pedro/E-5202-2010; Duarte, Jose/F-1443-2013; PTMS, RNEM/C-1589-2014; Vitorino, Rui/G-7356-2014; Amado, Francisco/M-5337-2015 OI Domingues, Pedro/0000-0002-8060-7675; Duarte, Jose/0000-0003-4756-5917; Vitorino, Rui/0000-0003-3636-5805; CALHEIROS-LOBO, MARIA JOAO/0000-0003-1692-9108; Amado, Francisco/0000-0001-8256-1749 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0269-3879 J9 BIOMED CHROMATOGR JI Biomed. Chromatogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1117 DI 10.1002/bmc.830 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 237FE UT WOS:000251358800001 PM 17516463 ER PT J AU Yokley, KA Evans, MV AF Yokley, Karen A. Evans, Marina V. TI An example of model structure differences using sensitivity analyses in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of trichloroethylene in humans SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene (TCE); PBPK; sensitivity analysis ID OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; KIDNEY TUMORIGENESIS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CHLORAL HYDRATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ISSUES; MICE; EXPOSURE AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial chemical and an environmental contaminant. TCE and its metabolites may be carcinogenic and affect human health. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that differ in compartmentalization are developed for TCE metabolism in humans, and the focus of this investigation is to evaluate alternative models. The two models formulated differ in the compartmentalization of metabolites; more specifically, one model has compartments for all chemicals and the other model has only a generalized body compartment for each the metabolites and contains multiple compartments for the parent, TCE. The models are compared through sensitivity analyses in order to selectively discriminate with regards to model structure. Sensitivities to a parameter of cardiac output (Q (cc) ) are calculated, and the more compartmentalized model predictions for excretion show lower sensitivity to changes in this parameter. Values of Q(cc) used in the sensitivity analyses are specifically chosen to be applicable to adults of ages into the low 60s. Since information about cardiac output across a population is not often incorporated into a PBPK model, the more compartmentalized ("full") model is probably a more appropriate mathematical description of TCE metabolism, but further study may be necessary to decide which model is a more reasonable option if distributional information about Q (cc) is used. The study is intended to illustrate how sensitivity analysis can be used in order to make appropriate decisions about model development when considering physiological parameters than vary across the population. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. US EPA, ORD NHEERL ETD PKB, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yokley, KA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM Yokley.Karen@epamail.epa.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2591 EP 2625 DI 10.1007/s11538-007-9233-x PG 35 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 224RB UT WOS:000250463000007 PM 17896160 ER PT J AU Robertson, SL Smedley, JG Singh, U Chakrabarti, G Van Itallie, CM Anderson, JM McClane, BA AF Robertson, Susan L., III Smedley, James G. Singh, Usha Chakrabarti, Ganes Van Itallie, Christina M. Anderson, James M. McClane, Bruce A. TI Compositional and stoichiometric analysis of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin complexes in Caco-2 cells and claudin 4 fibroblast transfectants SO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIGHT-JUNCTION STRANDS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; HEPTAMERIC TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; MAMMALIAN PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PERMEABILITY ALTERATIONS; A ENTEROTOXIN; VERO CELLS; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR WEIGHTS; DEATH PATHWAYS AB Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) binds to host cell receptors, forming a small complex precursor for two large complexes reportedly having molecular masses of similar to 155 or similar to 200 kDa. Formation of the similar to 155 kDa complex causes a Ca2+ influx that leads to apoptosis or oncosis. CPE complex composition is currently poorly understood, although occludin was identified in the similar to 200 kDa complex. The current study used heteromer gel shift analysis to show both CPE large complexes contain six CPE molecules. Ferguson plots and size exclusion chromatography re-sized the similar to 155 and similar to 200 kDa complexes as similar to 425-500 kDa and similar to 550-660 kDa respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation and electroelution studies demonstrated both CPE-binding and non-CPE-binding claudins are associated with all three CPE complexes in Caco-2 cells and with small complex and similar to 425-500 kDa complex of claudin 4 transfectants. Fibroblast transfectants expressing claudin 4 or C-terminal truncated claudin 4 were CPE-sensitive and formed the similar to 425 kDa complex, indicating claudin-induced cell signalling is not required for CPE action and that expression of a single receptor claudin suffices for similar to 425-500 kDa CPE complex formation. These results identify CPE as a unique toxin that combines with tight junction proteins to form high-molecular-mass hexameric pores and alter membrane permeability. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Roche Pharmaceut, Dept Metab Dis, Nutley, NJ USA. Zydus Res Ctr, Moraiya Ahmedabad, India. Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Mol Phys, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP McClane, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bamcc@pitt.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37-AI019844-24]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 45134] NR 74 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-5814 EI 1462-5822 J9 CELL MICROBIOL JI Cell Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2734 EP 2755 DI 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00994.x PG 22 WC Cell Biology; Microbiology SC Cell Biology; Microbiology GA 215QO UT WOS:000249824300016 PM 17587331 ER PT J AU Princiotta, F AF Princiotta, Frank TI Mitigating global climate change through power-generation technology SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Princiotta, F (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 103 IS 11 BP 24 EP 32 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 230YQ UT WOS:000250912700017 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, J. A. TI US renewable energy consumption SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10098-007-0117-4 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IV UT WOS:000260825900003 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and sustainable approaches to the synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocycles SO CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE aqueous medium; drug discovery; green chemistry; heterocycles; microwave irradiation ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; ONE-POT; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; WATER AB Green chemistry is a rapidly developing field providing a proactive avenue for the sustainable development of future science and technology. Green chemistry can be applied to the design of highly efficient, environmentally benign synthetic protocols to deliver life-saving medicines, and to accelerate lead optimization processes in drug discovery, while minimizing environmental impact. It also offers enhanced chemical process economics, concomitant with a reduced environmental burden. This review summarizes relatively environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocycles that highlight the advantages of using green chemistry, for example, by proceeding under microwave irradiation or in aqueous reaction media. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 52 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 15 PU THOMSON SCIENTIFIC PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, W1T 4JE, ENGLAND SN 1367-6733 J9 CURR OPIN DRUG DISC JI Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 723 EP 737 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 228IR UT WOS:000250724100007 PM 17987524 ER PT J AU Wang, MZ Wu, JQ Bridges, AS Zeldin, DC Kornbluth, S Tidwell, RR Hall, JE Paine, MF AF Wang, Michael Zhuo Wu, Judy Qiju Bridges, Arlene S. Zeldin, Darryl C. Kornbluth, Sally Tidwell, Richard R. Hall, James Edwin Paine, Mary F. TI Human enteric microsomal CYP4F enzymes o-demethylate the antiparasitic prodrug pafuramidine SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; HUMAN LIVER; IN-VITRO; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; RAT; CYP2J2; 2,5-BIS(4-AMIDINOPHENYL)FURAN-BIS-O-METHYLAMIDOXIME; INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION AB CYP4F enzymes, including CYP4F2 and CYP4F3B, were recently shown to be the major enzymes catalyzing the initial oxidative O-demethylation of the antiparasitic prodrug pafuramidine (DB289) by human liver microsomes. As suggested by a low oral bioavailability, DB289 could undergo first-pass biotransformation in the intestine, as well as in the liver. Using human intestinal microsomes (HIM), we characterized the enteric enzymes that catalyze the initial O-demethylation of DB289 to the intermediate metabolite, M1. M1 formation in HIM was catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, as evidenced by potent inhibition by 1-aminobenzotriazole and the requirement for NADPH. Apparent K-m and V-max values ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 mu M and from 0.02 to 0.89 nmol/ min/mg protein, respectively (n = 9). Of the P450 chemical inhibitors evaluated, ketoconazole was the most potent, inhibiting M1 formation by 66%. Two inhibitors of P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism, HET0016 (N-hydroxy-N-'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl) formamidine) and 17-octadecynoic acid, inhibited M1 formation in a concentration-dependent manner (up to 95%). Immunoinhibition with an antibody raised against CYP4F2 showed concentration-dependent inhibition of M1 formation (up to 92%), whereas antibodies against CYP3A4/5 and CYP2J2 had negligible to modest effects. M1 formation rates correlated strongly with arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylation rates (r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.0001, n = 12) in a panel of HIM that lacked detectable CYP4A11 protein expression. Quantitative Western blot analysis revealed appreciable CYP4F expression in these HIM, with a mean (range) of 7 (3-18) pmol/mg protein. We conclude that enteric CYP4F enzymes could play a role in the first-pass biotransformation of DB289 and other xenobiotics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Paine, MF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, 311 Pharm Lane,CB 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mpaine@med.unc.edu RI BRIDGES, ARLENE/N-4534-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13] NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2067 EP 2075 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.016428 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 222FV UT WOS:000250282400013 PM 17709372 ER PT J AU Compton, JE Hooker, TD Perakis, SS AF Compton, Jana E. Hooker, Toby D. Perakis, Steven S. TI Ecosystem N distribution and delta N-15 during a century of forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE delta N-15; soil nitrogen; secondary succession; root biomass; foliar nitrogen; chronosequence; nitrogen isotopes; ecosystem nitrogen; white pine ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SUB-ARCTIC PLANTS; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; SURFACE SOILS; ORGANIC-C; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CARBON AB Stable isotope ratios of terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen (N) pools reflect internal processes and input-output balances. Disturbance generally increases N cycling and loss, yet few studies have examined ecosystem delta N-15 over a disturbance-recovery sequence. We used a chronosequence approach to examine N distribution and delta N-15 during forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment. Site ages ranged from 10 to 115 years, with similar soils, climate, land-use history, and overstory vegetation (white pine Pinus strobus). Foliar N and delta N-15 decreased as stands aged, consistent with a progressive tightening of the N cycle during forest regrowth on agricultural lands. Over time, foliar delta N-15 became more negative, indicating increased fractionation along the mineralization-mycorrhizal-plant uptake pathway. Total ecosystem N was constant across the chronosequence, but substantial internal N redistribution occurred from the mineral soil to plants and litter over 115 years (> 25% of ecosystem N or 1,610 kg ha(-1)). Temporal trends in soil delta N-15 generally reflected a redistribution of depleted N from the mineral soil to the developing O horizon. Although plants and soil delta N-15 are coupled over millennial time scales of ecosystem development, our observed divergence between plants and soil suggests that they can be uncoupled during the disturbance-regrowth sequence. The approximate 2 parts per thousand decrease in ecosystem delta N-15 over the century scale suggests significant incorporation of atmospheric N, which was not detected by traditional ecosystem N accounting. Consideration of temporal trends and disturbance legacies can improve our understanding of the influence of broader factors such as climate or N deposition on ecosystem N balances and delta N-15. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 300 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM compton.jana@epa.gov NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1197 EP 1208 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9087-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HJ UT WOS:000251224000010 ER PT J AU Hoven, J Garelick, B AF Hoven, John Garelick, Barry TI Singapore math SO EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article C1 US Dept Justice, Antitrust Div, Washington, DC 20530 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hoven, J (reprint author), US Dept Justice, Antitrust Div, Washington, DC 20530 USA. EM jhoven@gmail.com; barryg99@yahoo.com NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC SUPERVISION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0013-1784 J9 EDUC LEADERSHIP JI Educ. Leadership PD NOV PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 232IS UT WOS:000251013000008 ER PT J AU Noland, RB Thomas, JV AF Noland, Robert B. Thomas, John V. TI Multivariate analysis of trip-chaining behavior SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID URBAN TRAVEL; DEMAND; DESIGN; FORM AB This paper examines the relationship between patterns of trip chaining and urban form. The goal is to examine whether lower density environments are related to more frequent reliance upon trip chaining and more complex tours. The analysis uses the 2001 National Household Travel Survey to evaluate household individual travel and trip characteristics alongside a basic measure of residential density. Two estimation techniques, the ordered probit and the negative binomial model, are used to evaluate the factors associated with the tendency to combine trips into more complex tours, measured as the number of stops. The results indicate that, accounting for key household and traveler characteristics, lower density environments lead both to a greater reliance upon trip chaining and to tours that involve more stops along the way. This is followed by a household level analysis of tour generation. Crane and Krizek have suggested that more accessible areas will tend to generate more tours. However, we found no evidence for this in our analysis. C1 [Noland, Robert B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Transport Studies, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Thomas, John V.] US EPA, Dev Community & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Noland, RB (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Transport Studies, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM r.noland@imperial.ac.uk; thomas.john@epa.gov OI Noland, Robert/0000-0003-0775-0624 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 953 EP 970 DI 10.1068/b32120 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 251BZ UT WOS:000252346900004 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Lu, Q Sorial, GA Venosa, AD Mullin, J AF Srinivasan, Rangesh Lu, Qiuli Sorial, George A. Venosa, Albert D. Mullin, Joseph TI Dispersant effectiveness of heavy fuel oils using the baffled flask test SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baffled flask test; dispersant; dispersant effectiveness; heavy fuel oils; oil spill; oil spill dispersants ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL AB Dispersants have been widely used as a primary response measure for marine oil spills around the world. Recently, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) developed an improved laboratory dispersant testing protocol, called the Baffled Flask Test ( BFT). The BFT protocol was used to determine the effectiveness of three commercially available dispersants on two heavy fuel oils, namely IFO 180 and IFO 380. The dispersants tested were C9500 ( Corexit 9500), SD25 ( Superdispersant 25), and Agma ( AGMA Superconcentrate DR379). A factorial experimental design was conducted to study the effect of different variables. The factors and levels of each test variable were three dispersant to oil ratios ( DOR) ( 1: 100, 2: 100, and 4: 100), two temperatures ( 16 C and 5 C), and three flask rotation speeds ( 150, 200, and 250 rpm). The percent effectiveness encountered ranged from less than 5% for untreated IFO oils to around 80% for one IFO and one dispersant at high mixing at 16 C. In general, dispersion effectiveness increased with increase temperature, DOR, and mixing rate. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental data to determine the significant factors. Mixing speed was found to be a significant factor in all the oil-dispersant combinations and DOR in all tests involving two of the dispersants. The effect of temperature was observed for all combinations involving IFO 180 and a few involving IFO 380, and a significant two-way interaction was observed between temperature and the other two factors in almost all the cases. The experimental data were also compared with results from other laboratory and wave-tank dispersant effectiveness studies conducted on the two IFO oils. For both IFO 180 and IFO 380, the BFT compared well with the various laboratory and wave-tank tests. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Technol Assessment & Res Branch, Minerals Management Serv, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM George.Sorial@uc.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1320 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.0251 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231GS UT WOS:000250935200010 ER PT J AU Bell, ML Kim, JY Dominici, F AF Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Jee Young Dominici, Francesca TI Potential confounding of particulate matter on the short-term association between ozone and mortality in multisite time-series studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE confounding; mortality; ozone; particulate matter; PM10; PM2.5; sensitivity analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; US CITIES; FINE; METAANALYSIS; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; PROJECT AB BACKGROUND: A critical question regarding the association between short-term exposure to ozone and mortality is the extent to which this relationship is confounded by ambient exposure to particles. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether particulate matter < 10 and < 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10 and PM2.5) is a confounder of the ozone and mortality association using data for 98 U.S. urban communities from 1987 to 2000. METHODS: We a) estimated correlations between daily ozone and daily PM concentrations stratified by ozone or PM levels; b) included PM as a covariate in time-series models; and c) included PM as a covariate as in a), but within a subset approach considering only days with ozone below a specified value. RESULTS: Analysis was hindered by data availability. In the 93 communities with PM10 data, only 25.0% of study days had data on both ozone and PM10. In the 91 communities with PM2.5 data, only 9.2% of days in the study period had data on ozone and PM2.5. Neither PM measure was highly correlated with ozone at any level of ozone or PM. National and community-specific effect estimates of the short-term effects of ozone on mortality were robust to inclusion of PM10 or PM(2.)5 in time-series models. The robustness remains even at low ozone levels (< 10 ppb) using a subset approach. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence that neither PM10 nor PM(2.)5 is a likely confounder of observed ozone and mortality relationships. Further investigation is needed to investigate potential confounding of the short-term effects of ozone on mortality by PM chemical composition. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bell, ML (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 205 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM michelle.bell@yale.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES015028, R01-ES015028] NR 22 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1591 EP 1595 DI 10.1289/ehp.10108 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 228YY UT WOS:000250769700025 PM 18007990 ER PT J AU Long, TC Tajuba, J Sama, P Saleh, N Swartz, C Parker, J Hester, S Lowry, GV Veronesi, B AF Long, Thomas C. Tajuba, Julianne Sama, Preethi Saleh, Navid Swartz, Carol Parker, Joel Hester, Susan Lowry, Gregory V. Veronesi, Bellina TI Nanosize titanium dioxide stimulates reactive oxygen species in brain microglia and damages neurons in vitro SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE BV2; environmental nanotoxicity; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; P25; titanium dioxide ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TIO2; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; PULMONARY AB BACKGROUND: Titanium dioxide is a widely used nanomaterial whose photo-reactivity suggests that it could damage biological targets (e.g., brain) through oxidative stress (OS). OBJECTIVES: Brain cultures of immortalized mouse microglia (BV2), rat dopaminergic (DA) neurons (N27), and primary cultures of embryonic rat striatum, were exposed to Degussa P25, a commercially available TiO2 nanomaterial. Physical properties of P25 were measured under conditions that paralleled biological measures. FINDINGS: P25 rapidly aggregated in physiological buffer (800-1,900 nm; 25 degrees C) and exposure media (similar to 330 nm; 37 degrees C), and maintained a negative zeta potential in both buffer (-12.2 +/- 1.6 mV) and media (-9.1 +/- 1.2 mV). BV2 microglia exposed to P25 (2.5-120 ppm) responded with an immediate and prolonged release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hoechst nuclear stain was reduced after 24-hr ( >= 100 ppm) and 48-hr (>= 2.5 ppm) exposure. Microarray analysis on P25-exposed BV2 microglia indicated up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell cycling pathways and down-regulation of energy metabolism. P25 (2.5-120 ppm) stimulated increases of intracellular ATP and caspase 3/7 activity in isolated N27 neurons (24-48 hr) but did not produce cytotoxicity after 72-hr exposure. Primary cultures of rat striatum exposed to P25 (5 ppm) showed a reduction of immunohistochemically stained neurons and microscopic evidence of neuronal apoptosis after 6-hr exposure. These findings indicate that P25 stimulates ROS in BV2 microglia and is nontoxic to isolated N27 neurons. However, P25 rapidly damages neurons at low concentrations in complex brain cultures, plausibly though microglial generated ROS. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Constella Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, NTD B105-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov NR 46 TC 265 Z9 282 U1 11 U2 77 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1631 EP 1637 DI 10.1289/ehp.10216 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 228YY UT WOS:000250769700031 PM 18007996 ER PT J AU Balbus, JM Maynard, AD Colvin, VL Castranova, V Daston, GP Denison, RA Dreher, KL Goering, PL Goldberg, AM Kulinowski, KM Monteiro-Riviere, NA Oberdorster, G Omenn, GS Pinkerton, KE Ramos, KS Rest, KM Sass, JB Silbergeld, EK Wong, BA AF Balbus, John M. Maynard, Andrew D. Colvin, Vicki L. Castranova, Vincent Daston, George P. Denison, Richard A. Dreher, Kevin L. Goering, Peter L. Goldberg, Alan M. Kulinowski, Kristen M. Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. Oberdoerster, Guenter Omenn, Gilbert S. Pinkerton, Kent E. Ramos, Kenneth S. Rest, Kathleen M. Sass, Jennifer B. Silbergeld, Ellen K. Wong, Brian A. TI Meeting report: Hazard assessment for nanoparticles - Report from an interdisciplinary workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE nanomaterials; nanoparticle; nanotechnology; nanotoxicology; particle toxicology ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB In this report we present the findings from a nanotoxicology workshop held 6-7 April 2006 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC. Over 2 days, 26 scientists from government, academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations addressed two specific questions: what information is needed to understand the human health impact of engineered nanoparticles and how is this information best obtained? To assess hazards of nanoparticles in the near-term, most participants noted the need to use existing in vivo toxicologic tests because of their greater familiarity and interpretability. For all types of toxicology tests, the best measures of nanoparticle dose need to be determined. Most participants agreed that a standard set of nanoparticles should be validated by laboratories worldwide and made available for benchmarking tests of other newly created nanoparticles. The group concluded that a battery of tests should be developed to uncover particularly hazardous properties. Given the large number of diverse materials, most participants favored a tiered approach. Over the long term, research aimed at developing a mechanistic understanding of the numerous characteristics that influence nanoparticle toxicity was deemed essential. Predicting the potential toxicity of emerging nanoparticles will require hypothesis-driven research that elucidates how physicochemical parameters influence toxic effects on biological systems. Research needs should be determined in the context of the current availability of testing methods for nanoscale particles. Finally, the group identified general policy and strategic opportunities to accelerate the development and implementation of testing protocols and ensure that the information generated is translated effectively for all stakeholders. Key words: nanomaterials, nanoparticle, nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, particle toxicology. C1 Environm Def, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Union Concerned Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. Nat Resources Def Council, Washington, DC USA. Hammer Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Balbus, JM (reprint author), Environm Def, 1875 Connecticut Ave NW 600, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM jbalbus@environmentaldefense.org RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Omenn, Gilbert S./0000-0002-8976-6074; Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 13 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1654 EP 1659 DI 10.1289/chp.10327 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 228YY UT WOS:000250769700034 PM 18007999 ER PT J AU Smith, PN Cobb, GP Godard-Codding, C Hoff, D McMurry, ST Rainwater, TR Reynolds, KD AF Smith, Philip N. Cobb, George P. Godard-Codding, Celine Hoff, Dale McMurry, Scott T. Rainwater, Thomas R. Reynolds, Kevin D. TI Contaminant exposure in terrestrial SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE exposure; terrestrial; vertebrate; contaminant; assessment ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CROCODILE CROCODYLUS-MORELETII; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION MODEL; TURTLE TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS; TOAD BUFO-AMERICANUS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON AB Here we review mechanisms and factors influencing contaminant exposure among terrestrial vertebrate wildlife. There exists a complex mixture of biotic and abiotic factors that dictate potential for contaminant exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial vertebrates. Chemical fate and transport in the environment determine contaminant bioaccessibility. species-specific natural history characteristics and behavioral traits then play significant roles in the likelihood that exposure pathways, from source to receptor, are complete. Detailed knowledge of natural history traits of receptors considered in conjunction with the knowledge of contaminant behavior and distribution on a site are critical when assessing and quantifying exposure. We review limitations in our understanding of elements of exposure and the unique aspects of exposure associated with terrestrial and semi-terrestrial taxa. We provide insight on taxa-specific traits that contribute, or limit exposure to, transport phenomenon that influence exposure throughout terrestrial systems, novel contaminants, bioavailability, exposure data analysis, and uncertainty associated with exposure in wildlife risk assessments. Lastly, we identify areas related to exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial organisms that warrant additional research. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Field Off, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Smith, PN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM phil.smith@ttu.edu NR 352 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 IS 1 BP 41 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.009 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236AU UT WOS:000251276200006 PM 17706848 ER PT J AU Pierik, FH Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Longnecker, MP AF Pierik, Frank H. Klebanoff, Mark A. Brock, John W. Longnecker, Matthew P. TI Maternal pregnancy serum level of heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane and risk of cryptorchidism in offspring SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cryptorchidism; organochlorine pesticides; environment; children; endocrine disruptors ID TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CONGENITAL CRYPTORCHIDISM; BREAST-MILK; HYPOSPADIAS; TESTIS; PREVALENCE; TRENDS AB Prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disrupters has been postulated to cause adverse effects on male reproductive health. Exposure to organochlorine pesticides with anti-androgenic and estrogenic potency has been shown to interfere with the sex-hormone-dependent process of testicular descent in animal models. We examined the relation between serum levels of the pesticides heptachlor epoxide (HCE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCCH) in pregnant women, and the occurrence of cryptorchidism in their sons. These three pesticides were previously suggested as risk factors for cryptorchidism. In a nested case-control design, we compared serum levels between mothers of cases (n = 219) and controls (n =: 564), selected from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a US birth cohort study of pregnancies in 1959-1966. The offspring of mothers with HCE levels above the 90th percentile compared to those below the 10th percentile had an adjusted odds ratio of cryptorchidisin of 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.6-2.6); for beta-HCCH the odds ratio was 1.6 (0.7-3.6). For HC13 the adjusted odds ratio was near one. These results provide little support for an association of cryptorchidism with exposure to low levels of HCE or HCB. For beta-HCCH the findings were somewhat suggestive of an association but were inconclusive. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 TNO Qual Life, Dept Reprod & Perinatol, Leiden, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pierik, FH (reprint author), TNO Environm & Hlth, Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6,POB 49, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. EM frank.pierik@tno.nl OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049016-12] NR 45 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 105 IS 3 BP 364 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.04.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 230FD UT WOS:000250860700009 PM 17532317 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Webber, TD Dean, TR Betancourt, DA AF Menetrez, Marc Y. Foarde, Karin K. Webber, Tricia D. Dean, Timothy R. Betancourt, Doris A. TI Testing antimicrobial cleaner efficacy on gypsum wallboard contaminated with Stachybotrys cbartarum SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial efficacy; biocontaminant; cleaners; gypsum wallboard; mold; Stachybotrys chartarum ID COMPOSTING FACILITIES; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; CHARTARUM; ENVIRONMENT; GROWTH; (M)VOC AB Goal, Scope and Background. Reducing occupant exposure to indoor mold is the goal of this research, through the efficacy testing of antimicrobial cleaners. Often mold contaminated building materials are not properly removed, but instead surface cleaners are applied in an attempt to alleviate the problem. The efficacy of antimicrobial cleaners to remove, eliminate or control mold growth on surfaces can easily be tested on non-porous surfaces. However, the testing of antimicrobial cleaner efficacy on porous surfaces, such as those found in the indoor environment such as gypsum board can be more complicated and prone to incorrect conclusions regarding residual organisms. The mold Stachybotrys chartarum has been found to be associated with idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants and has been studied for toxin production and its occurrence in water damaged buildings. Growth of S. chartarum on building materials such as gypsum wallboard has been frequently documented. Methods. Research to control S. cbartarum growth using 13 separate antimicrobial cleaners on contaminated gypsum wallboard has been performed in laboratory testing. Popular brands of cleaning products were tested by following directions printed on the product packaging. Results. A variety of gypsum wallboard surfaces were used to test these cleaning products at high relative humidity. The results indicate differences in antimicrobial efficacy for the six month period of testing. Discussion. Results for the six types of GWB surfaces varied extensively. However, three cleaning products exhibited significantly better results than others. Lysol All-Purpose Cleaner-Orange Breeze (full strength) demonstrated results which ranked among the best in five of the six surfaces tested. Both Borax and Orange Glo Multipurpose Degreaser demonstrated results which ranked among the best in four of the six surfaces tested. Conclusions. The best antimicrobial cleaner to choose is often dependent on the type of surface to be cleaned of S. cbartarum contamination. For Plain GWB, no paint, the best cleaners were Borax, Lysol All-Purpose Cleaner-Orange Breeze (full strength), Orange Glo Multipurpose Degreaser, and Fantastik Orange Action. Re Recommendations and Perspectives. These results are not meant to endorse the incomplete removal of mold contaminated building materials. However, it is recognized that complete removal may not always be possible and solutions to control mold regrowth may contribute to reduced occupant exposure. Current recommendations of removal and replacement of porous building materials should be followed. It is not the intension of this discussion to endorse any product. Reporting on the performance of these products under the stated conditions was and remains the only purpose. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1065/espr2007.03.397 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229PW UT WOS:000250817500019 PM 18062486 ER PT J AU Pyke, CR Bierwagen, BG Furlow, J Gamble, J Johnson, T Julius, S West, J AF Pyke, Christopher R. Bierwagen, Britta G. Furlow, John Gamble, Janet Johnson, Thomas Julius, Susan West, Jordan TI A decision inventory approach for improving decision support for climate change impact assessment and adaption SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE decision support; decision making; climate change; climate adaptation; knowledge management ID RATIONAL CHOICE; UNITED-STATES; RISK COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; POLICY; ORGANIZATIONS; DYNAMICS; MANAGERS AB Assessing and adapting to the impacts of climate change requires balancing social, economic, and environmental factors in the context of an ever-expanding range of objectives, uncertainties, and management options. The term decision support describes a diverse class of resources designed to help manage this complexity and assist decision makers in understanding impacts and evaluating management options. Most climate-related decision support resources implicitly assume that decision making is primarily limited by the quantity and quality of available information. However, a wide variety of evidence suggests that institutional, political, and communication processes are also integral to organizational decision making. Decision support resources designed to address these processes are underrepresented in existing tools. These persistent biases in the design and delivery of decision support may under-mine efforts to move decision support from research to practice. The development of new approaches to decision support that consider a wider range of relevant issues is limited by the lack of information about the characteristics, context, and alternatives associated with climate-related decisions. We propose a new approach called a decision assessment and decision inventory that will provide systematic information describing the relevant attributes of climate-related decisions. This information can be used to improve the design of decision support resources, as well as to prioritize research and development investments. Application of this approach will help provide more effective decision support based on a balanced foundation of analytical tools, environmental data, and relevant information about decisions and decision makers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CTG Energet Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Climate Change Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Pyke, CR (reprint author), CTG Energet Inc, 101 N Columbus St,Suite 401, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM cpyke@ctgenergetics.com RI Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010 NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 610 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.05.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LZ UT WOS:000251305800003 ER PT J AU Usenko, S Landers, DH Appleby, PG Simonich, SL AF Usenko, Sascha Landers, Dixon H. Appleby, Peter G. Simonich, Staci L. TI Current and historical deposition of PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs to rocky mountain national park SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LAKES; SEDIMENTS; SNOW; COLORADO; TRENDS AB An analytical method was developed for the trace analysis of 98 semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in remote, high-elevation lake sediment. Sediment cores from Lone Pine Lake (west of the Continental Divide) and Mills Lake (east of the Continental Divide) in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, were dated using Pb-210 and Cs-137 and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides, phosphorothioate pesticides, thiocarbamate pesticides, amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using this method. SOC deposition profiles were reconstructed, and deposition half-lives and doubling times were calculated, for U.S. historic-use pesticides (HUPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) as well as PBDEs, PCBs, and PAHs. Sediment records indicate that the deposition of CUPs has increased in recent years, while the deposition of HUPs has decreased since U.S. restriction, but has not been eliminated. This is likely due to the revolatilization of HUPs from regional soils, atmospheric transport, and deposition. Differences in the magnitude of SOC sediment fluxes, flux profiles, time trends within those profiles, and isomeric ratios suggest that SOC deposition in high-elevation ecosystems is dependent on regional upslope wind directions and site location with respect to regional sources and topographic barriers. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Liverpool, Environm Radioact Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Simonich, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Staci.Simonich@orst.edu RI Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES00210] NR 46 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7235 EP 7241 DI 10.1021/es0710003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100013 PM 18044494 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Lorber, MN AF Pleil, Joachim D. Lorber, Matthew N. TI Relative congener scaling of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to estimate building fire contributions in air, surface wipes, and dust samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; NEW-YORK-CITY; LOWER MANHATTAN; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CENTER DISASTER; HEALTH AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency collected ambient air samples in lower Manhattan for about 9 months following the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. Measurements were made of a host of airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, asbestos, lead, and other contaminants of concern. The present study focuses on the broad class of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (COOS) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) with specific emphasis on the 17 CDD/CDF congeners that exhibit mammalian toxicity. This work is a statistical study comparing the internal patterns of CDD/CDFs using data from an unambiguous fire event (WTC) and other data sets to help identify their sources. A subset of 29 samples all taken between September 16 and October 31, 2001 were treated as a basis set known to be heavily impacted by the WTC building fire source. A second basis set was created using data from Los Angeles and Oakland, CA as published by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and treated as the archetypical background pattern for CDD/CDFs. The CARB data had a congener profile appearing similar to background air samples from different locations in America and around the world and in different matrices, such as background soils. Such disparate data would normally be interpreted with a qualitative pattern recognition based on congener bar graphs or other forms of factor or cluster analysis that group similar samples together graphically. The procedure developed here employs aspects of those statistical methods to develop a single continuous output variable per sample. Specifically, a form of variance structure-based cluster analysis is used to group congeners within samples to reduce collinearity in the basis sets, new variables are created based on these groups, and multivariate regression is applied to the reduced variable set to determine a predictive equation. This equation predicts a value for an output variable, OPT: the predicted value of OPT is near zero (0.00) for a background congener profile and nearone (1.00)for the profile characterized by the WTC air profile. Although this empirical method is calibrated with relatively small sets of airborne samples, it is shown to be generalizable to other WTC, fire source, and background air samples as well as other sample matrices including soils, window films and other dust wipes, and bulk dusts. However, given the limited data set examined, the method does not allow further discrimination between the WTC data and the other fire sources. This type of analysis is demonstrated to be useful for complex trace-level data sets with limited data and some below-detection entries. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7286 EP 7293 DI 10.1021/es070714a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100020 PM 18044501 ER PT J AU Hakala, JA Chin, YP Weber, EJ AF Hakala, J. Alexandra Chin, Yu-Ping Weber, Eric J. TI Influence of dissolved organic matter and Fe(II) on the abiotic reduction of pentachloronitrobenzene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; FE-II; IRON; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; PESTICIDES; GOETHITE; ACID; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES AB Nitroaromatic pesticides (NAPS) are hydrophobic contaminants that can accumulate in sediments by the deposition of suspended solids from surface waters. Fe(II) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), present in suboxic and anoxic zones of freshwater sediments, can transform NAPs in natural systems. We studied the reduction of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) to pentachloroaniline (PCA) in controlled studies using Fe(II) and surface water DOM isolates from Pony Lake, Antarctica, and Suwannee River, GA, in unfiltered and 0.45 mu m filtered solutions. We observed rapid reduction of PCNB to PCA in the presence of Fe(II)) and DOM (t(1/2) approximate to 30 min to 4 h) and very limited reduction in DOM-only systems. DOM in unfiltered systems inhibited iron colloid formation and potentially limited the formation of reactive Fe(II)-iron colloid surface complexes, causing reductive transformation in Fe(II)-DOM media. to be slower in some cases relative to Fe(II)-only controls. Conversely, in 0.45 mu m filtered solutions, PCNB reduction in Fe(II)-DOM media was faster than the Fe(II)-only controls, suggesting that DOM enhances the reductive capacity of Fe(II)) in the absence of iron colloids. This work shows that DOM may significantly affect the reactivity of Fe(II) toward NAPS under suboxic and anoxic conditions in natural wetland sediments. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Chin, YP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yo@geology.ohio-state.edu NR 30 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7337 EP 7342 DI 10.1021/es070648c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100027 PM 18044508 ER PT J AU Choi, H Antoniou, MG Pelaez, M De la Cruz, AA Shoemaker, JA Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Antoniou, Maria G. Pelaez, Miguel De la Cruz, Armah A. Shoemaker, Jody A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Mesoporous nitrogen-doped TiO2 for the photocatalytic destruction of the cyanobacterial toxin Microcystin-LR under visible light irradiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; HEPATOTOXINS; MEMBRANES; TOXICITY; REMOVAL; WATERS; OXIDES; PH AB The presence of the harmful cyanobacterial toxins in water resources worldwide drives the development of an innovative and practical water treatment technology with great urgency. This study deals with two important aspects: the fabrication of mesoporous nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) photocatalysts and their environmental application for the destruction of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under visible light. In a nanotechnological sol-gel synthesis method, a nitrogen-containing surfactant (dodecylammonium chloride) was introduced as a pore templating material for tailor-designing the structural properties of TiO2 and as a nitrogen dopant for its visible light response. The resulting N-TiO2 exhibited significantly enhanced structural properties including 2-8 nm mesoporous structure (porosity 44%) and high surface area of 150 m(2)/g. Red shift in light absorbance up to 468 nm, 0.9 eV lower binding energy of electrons in Ti 2p state, and reduced interplanar distance of crystal lattices proved nitrogen doping in the TiO2 lattice. Due to its narrow band gap at 2.65 eV, N-TiO2 efficiently degraded MC-LR under visible spectrum above 420 nm. Acidic condition (pH 3.5) was more favorable for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR on N-TiO2 due to electrostatic attraction forces between negatively charged MC-LR and +6.5 mV charged N-TiO2. Even under UV light, MC-LR was decomposed 3-4 times faster using N-TiO2 than control TiO2. The degradation pathways and reaction intermediates of MC-LR were not directly related to the energy source for TiO2 activation (UV and visible) and nature of TiO2 (neat and nitrogen-doped). This study implies a strong possibility for the in situ photocatalytic remediation of contaminated water with cyanobacterial toxins and other toxic compounds using solar light, a sustainable source of energy. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 NR 33 TC 148 Z9 155 U1 10 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7530 EP 7535 DI 10.1021/es0709122 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100056 PM 18044537 ER PT J AU Chang, MW Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Chang, Matthew Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic response to chlorination includes induction of major virulence genes in staphylococcus aureus SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-DAMAGE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PROTEIN; STRESS; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; DISINFECTION AB Despite the widespread use of chlorination for microbial control in aqueous environments, cellular response mechanisms of human pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, against chlorination remain unknown. In this work, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate cellular response of S. aureus to hypochlorous acid, an active antimicrobial product of chlorination in aqueous solution. Our results suggest that hypochlorous acid repressed transcription of genes involved in cell wall synthesis, membrane transport, protein synthesis, and primary metabolism, while amino acid synthesis genes were induced. Furthermore, hypochlorous acid induced transcription of genes encoding major virulence factors of S. aureus, such as exotoxins, hemolysins, leukocidins, coagulases, and surface adhesion proteins, which all play essential roles in staphylococcal virulence. This work implies that chlorination may stimulate production of virulence factors, which provides new insight into host-pathogen interactions and effects of chlorine application for microbial control. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore. US EPA, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Microarray Res Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7570 EP 7575 DI 10.1021/es070929k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100062 PM 18044543 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Alvarez, N Macias-Zamora, JV Burke, RA Rodriguez-Villanueva, LV AF Ramirez-Alvarez, Nancy Macias-Zamora, Jose Vinicio Burke, Roger A. Rodriguez-Villanueva, Luz Veronica TI Use of delta(13)c, delta(15)n, and carbon to nitrogen ratios to evaluate the impact of sewage-derived particulate organic matter on the benthic communities of the Southern California Bight SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE stable isotope ratios; organic matter; wastewater; benthos ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FOOD-WEB; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARY; COAST; HYDROCARBONS; INDICATORS; POLLUTION; ANIMALS; SULFUR AB We measured stable isotope ratios (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of particulate organic matter (POM) sources and benthic organic matter compartments as well as sediment C to N ratios from the coastal area of the southern end of the Southern California Bight (SCB). We used the isotopic values to evaluate the relative importance of the major POM sources to the sediment and two benthic macroinvertebrates. Application of a simple model to sediment delta C-13 values suggested that sewage-derived POM (SDPOM) supplies an average of 48% of the organic C to study area sediments. Application of a similar model to Spiophanes duplex delta C-13 values suggested that SDPOM from wastewater treatment plants discharging into the SCB could supply up to 57% of the C assimilated by this important benthic macro invertebrate in areas as far away as 26 km from SDPOM inputs. The stable isotope data for Amphiodia urtica were more difficult to interpret because of the complex feeding habits of this organism. C1 Inst Invest Oceanol, Dept Oceanog Quim, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Macias-Zamora, JV (reprint author), Inst Invest Oceanol, Dept Oceanog Quim, Km 107 Carr Tij Ens, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM vmacias@uabc.mx NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2332 EP 2338 DI 10.1897/06-651R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221XM UT WOS:000250260700010 PM 17941733 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Sahai, V Prevost, D Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Verma, Mausam Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Sahai, V. Prevost, D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Bench-scale fermentation of Trichoderma viride on wastewater sludge: Rheology, lytic enzymes and biocontrol activity SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; entomotoxicity; fermentation; lytic enzyme; rheology; Trichoderma viride ID FUNGAL FERMENTATION; HARZIANUM; PURIFICATION AB Conidiation and lytic enzyme production by Trichoderma viride at different solids concentration of pre-treated municipal wastewater sludge was examined in a 15-L fermenter. The maximum conidia concentration (5.94 x 10(7) CFU mL(-1) at 96 h) was obtained at 30 g L-1 suspended solids. The maximum lytic enzyme activities were achieved around 12-30 h of fermentation. Bioassay against a fungal phytopathogen, Fusarium sp. showed maximum activity in the sample drawn around 96 h of fermentation at 30 g L-1 suspended solids concentration. Entornotoxicity against spruce budworm larvae showed maximum value approximate to 17290 SBU mu L-1 at 30 g L-1 suspended solids concentration at the end of fermentation (96 h). Plant bioassay showed dual action of T viride, i.e., disease prevention and growth promotion. The rheological analyses of fermentation sludges showed the pseudoplastic behaviour. In order to maintain required dissolved oxygen concentration >= 30%, the agitation and aeration requirements significantly increased at 35 g L-1 compared to 30 and 25 g L-1. The oxygen uptake rate and volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient, kLa at 35 g L-1 did not increase in comparison to 30 g L-1 due to theological complexity of the broth during fermentation. Thus, the successful fermentation operation of the biocontrol fungus T viride is a rational indication of its potential for mass-scale production for agriculture and forest sector as a biocontrol agent. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biochem Engn & Biotechnol, Delhi 110016, India. Agr & Agro Alimentaire Canada, CRDSGC, Quebec City, PQ G1V 213, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6-7 BP 764 EP 771 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.06.013 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 218VA UT WOS:000250042000015 ER PT J AU Kuller, LH Goldstein, BD AF Kuller, Lewis H. Goldstein, Bernard D. TI Suggestions for STROBE Recommendations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The STROBE initiative is an excellent approach to improving observational epidemiologic studies. Our concerns include: 1) the need for further emphasis on presenting a clear definition of the hypothesis, its biologic rationale, and its implication to the health of the public; 2) correction of the glaring omission in the STROBE guidelines of the necessity to consider the incubation periods for risk factors and diseases and to review other biologically relevant issues that often have a major impact on the plausibility of the observed association; 3) the essential importance of guidance about a careful definition of host factors, including a clear statement of results specific to race, sex and ethnicity rather than merely stating: "The interaction term was not significant"; 4) the importance of specifying that all studies should present the actual rates or numbers of events in relation to the size of the population, including the actual numbers for each independent variable in a multiple regression analysis, rather than solely presenting a hazards ratio; and 5) the need to restrict the P value only to those hypotheses that were generated prior to the data analysis, reserving retrospective analyses to point estimates and confidence limits. C1 [Kuller, Lewis H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Goldstein, Bernard D.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Goldstein, BD (reprint author), A710 Crabtree Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 792 EP 793 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181571e16 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 392EO UT WOS:000262285900024 PM 18049191 ER PT J AU Phlips, EJ Hendrickson, J Quinlan, EL Cichra, M AF Phlips, Edward J. Hendrickson, John Quinlan, Erin L. Cichra, M. TI Meteorological influences on algal bloom potential in a nutrient-rich blackwater river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE El Nino; eutrophication; La Nina; residence time; St Johns River ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SHALLOW SUBTROPICAL LAKE; UNITED-STATES STREAMFLOW; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; CHLOROPHYLL-A; CYANOBACTERIUM; ZOOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY AB 1. The effect of variability in rainfall on the potential for algal blooms was examined for the St Johns River in northeast Florida. Water chemistry and phytoplankton data were collected at selected sites monthly from 1993 through 2003. Information on rainfall and estimates of water turnover rates were used in the analyses of trends in phytoplankton biomass. 2. Major trends in rainfall and runoff within the lower St Johns River catchment over the 10-year study period were marked by both significant drought and flood periods. Autumn and winter rainfall patterns were strongly correlated with the range of Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies associated with El Nino events and La Nina periods. The effect of these major shifts in rainfall was evident in the strong relationship to replacement rates for water within the lower St Johns River. 3. The eutrophic status of the river was reflected in the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus observed at all sampling sites, with total nitrogen concentrations up to 3100 mu g L-1 and total phosphorus concentrations up to 180 mu g L-1. 4. While it is clear that the high phytoplankton biomass and frequent blooms that characterize the freshwater portions of the lower St Johns River are fundamentally based on nutrient status, the expression of that potential was strongly correlated to water replacement rates, as revealed by the inverse relationship between phytoplankton biovolume increase and water turnover rate, with an R-2 of 0.80 for the major bloom season. The sensitivity of algal blooms to rainfall patterns over the 10-year study period suggest that longer-term temporal and spatial shifts in rainfall, such as multi-decadal cycles and the global-warming phenomenon, will also influence the frequency and intensity of algal blooms. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. St Johns River Water Management Dist LSJRB, Palatka, FL USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Phlips, EJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM phlips@ufl.edu NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2141 EP 2155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01844.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 220GQ UT WOS:000250145600007 ER PT J AU Gavin, DG Hallett, DJ Hu, FS Lertzman, KP Prichard, SJ Brown, KJ Lynch, JA Bartlein, P Peterson, DL AF Gavin, Daniel G. Hallett, Douglas J. Hu, Feng Sheng Lertzman, Kenneth P. Prichard, Susan J. Brown, Kendrick J. Lynch, Jason A. Bartlein, Patrick Peterson, David L. TI Forest fire and climate change in western North America: insights from sediment charcoal records SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BOREAL FOREST; HOLOCENE FIRE; RAIN-FORESTS; FUTURE FIRE; HISTORY; VEGETATION; REGIMES; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; CANADA AB Millennial-scale records of forest fire provide important baseline information for ecosystem management, especially in regions with too few recent fires to describe the historical range of variability. Charcoal records from lake sediments and soil profiles are well suited for reconstructing the incidence of past fire and its relationship to changing climate and vegetation. We highlight several records from western North America and their relevance in reconstructing historical forest dynamics, fire-climate relationships, and feedbacks between vegetation and fire under climate change. Climatic effects on fire regimes are evident in many regions, but comparisons of paleo-fire records sometimes show a lack of synchrony, indicating that local factors substantially affect fire occurrence, even over long periods. Furthermore, the specific impacts of vegetation change on fire regimes vary among regions with different vegetation histories. By documenting the effects on fire patterns of major changes in climate and vegetation, paleo-fire records can be used to test the mechanistic models required for the prediction of future variations in fire. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. Royal British Columbia Mus, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada. US EPA, Clear Air Mkt Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Gavin, DG (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM dgavin@uoregon.edu RI Gavin, Daniel/C-9214-2009; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Hallett, Douglas/G-4968-2011 OI Gavin, Daniel/0000-0001-8743-3949; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; NR 50 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 5 IS 9 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1890/060161 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MD UT WOS:000250659900008 ER PT J AU Nichols, J Erhardt, S Dyer, S James, M Moore, M Plotzke, K Segner, H Schultz, I Thomas, K Vasiluk, L Weisbrod, A AF Nichols, John Erhardt, Susan Dyer, Scott James, Margaret Moore, Margo Plotzke, Kathleen Segner, Helmut Schultz, Irvin Thomas, Karluss Vasiluk, Luba Weisbrod, Annie TI Use of in vitro Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) data in bioaccumulation assessments for fish SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE fish; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration; metabolism; biotransformation; absorption ID RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; HEPATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION DATA; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; INTESTINAL CACO-2 CELLS; INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; DRUG-METABOLISM; CHANNEL CATFISH; BENZOPYRENE METABOLITES; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE AB A scientific workshop was held in 2006 to discuss the use of in vitro Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) data in chemical bioaccumulation assessments for fish. Computer-based (in silico) modeling tools are widely used to estimate chemical bioaccumulation. These in silico methods have inherent limitations that result in inaccurate estimates for many compounds. Based on a review of the science, workshop participants concluded that two factors, absorption and metabolism, represent the greatest sources of uncertainty in current bioaccumulation models. Both factors can be investigated experimentally using in vitro test systems. A variety of abiotic and biotic systems have been used to predict chemical accumulation by invertebrates, and dietary absorption of drugs and xenobiotics by mammals. Research is needed to determine whether these or similar methods can be used to better predict chemical absorption across the gills and gut of fish. Scientists studying mammals have developed a stepwise approach to extrapolate in vitro hepatic metabolism data to the whole animal. A series of demonstration projects was proposed to investigate the utility of these in vitro-in vivo extrapolation procedures in bioaccumulation assessments for fish and delineate the applicability domain of different in vitro test systems. Anticipating research progress on these topics, participants developed a "decision tree" to show how in vitro information for individual compounds could be used in a tiered approach to improve bioaccumulation assessments for fish and inform the possible need for whole-animal testing. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI USA. Univ Bern, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab Marine Res OPerat, Sequim, WA USA. ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Land Resource Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Nichols, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nicholsjohn@epa.gov RI Segner, Helmut/D-5714-2014; OI Segner, Helmut/0000-0002-1783-1295; James, Margaret/0000-0001-8778-9427 NR 103 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1164 EP 1191 DI 10.1080/10807030701655897 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239IF UT WOS:000251511300002 ER PT J AU Voutetakis, A Zheng, C Wang, J Goldsmith, CM Afione, S Chiorini, JA Wenk, ML Vallant, M Irwin, RD Baum, BJ AF Voutetakis, A. Zheng, C. Wang, J. Goldsmith, C. M. Afione, S. Chiorini, J. A. Wenk, M. L. Vallant, M. Irwin, R. D. Baum, B. J. TI Gender differences in serotype 2 adeno-associated virus biodistribution after administration to rodent salivary glands SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE SUBMANDIBULAR-GLAND; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRAL VECTORS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; MICE; THERAPEUTICS; TRANSDUCTION; TESTOSTERONE; DISEASE AB Salivary glands (SGs) have proven useful targets for clinical applications of gene therapeutics. In this toxicology and biodistribution study, which conforms to U. S. Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice regulations, four doses (10(7)-10(10) particles) of a serotype 2 adeno-associated viral (AAV2) vector encoding human erythropoietin were directly administered to the right submandibular gland of male and female BALB/c mice ( n = 21 per gender dose group). Control-treated (saline administered; n = 66) and vectortreated ( n = 168) animals did not differ in clinical appearance, morbidity and mortality rates, food and water consumption, weight gain ratios, and final weight. Clinical hematology values also were unaffected by AAV2 administration except for parameters influenced by the expression of the recombinant protein (e. g., hematocrit). Mice were killed on days 3, 30, 55, and 92. No major vector-related toxicity was uncovered after complete pathology and histopathology review. However, a significant gender-related difference in vector biodistribution was revealed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In male mice vector (group receiving 1010 particles/animal) effectively transduced, and was primarily confined within, the SGs (i.e., similar to 800 times more copies in SGs than in liver; day 3) and long lived. In contrast, in female mice, SG transduction was less efficient (260-fold less than in males; day 3) and short lived, and vector was disseminated widely via both the bloodstream (SG: liver copy ratio, similar to 1) and saliva (30-fold greater than in males). The observed vector biodistribution is likely due to differences in AAV2 receptor targets and structural differences affecting SG integrity. Sexual dimorphism is a factor of major significance that could potentially affect gene therapy clinical applications in SGs. C1 NIH, NIDCR, GTTB, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. BioReliance Invitrogen Bioserv, Div Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Baum, BJ (reprint author), NIH, NIDCR, GTTB, Bldg 10,Rm 1N113, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bbaum@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1109 EP 1118 DI 10.1089/hum.2007.072 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 232WP UT WOS:000251051700001 PM 17939749 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Lobdell, DT Myers, SL He, L Yang, M Kwok, RK Mumford, JL Mendola, P AF Liu, Z. Lobdell, D. T. Myers, S. L. He, L. Yang, M. Kwok, R. K. Mumford, J. L. Mendola, P. TI Pregnancy and perinatal health in Inner Mongolia, China, 1996-1999 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE perinatal health; maternal health; prenatal care; Inner Mongolia ID PRENATAL-CARE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; WEIGHT AB Objective: To obtain descriptive measures of maternal and perinatal health in the Ba Men Region of Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: Data collected from the Examination Chart for Pregnant Women for approximately 22,000 pregnancies in a three-county area of Inner Mongolia, China from December 1, 1996 through December 31, 1999 were analyzed for maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes. Results: Compared to selected developing countries, a higher percentage of women (99%) in this region received at least one prenatal care visit. This region was also characterized by a low percentage of low birthweight (<2.5 kg) infants (1%) and neonatal mortality rate (5 deaths per 1000 live births). Conclusions: Maternal and neonatal health outcomes in this region of Inner Mongolia were better than those in selected developing countries. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ba Men Anti Epidem Stn, Ba Men, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lobdell, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lobdell.danelle@epa.gov RI Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.04.030 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 235IB UT WOS:000251225900011 PM 17618632 ER PT J AU Zeldin, DC Card, JW Carey, MA Voltz, JW AF Zeldin, Darryl C. Card, Jeffrey W. Carey, Michelle A. Voltz, James W. TI Rebuttal from Dr. Mitzner SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; INFLAMMATION; MICE C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1906 EP 1906 PG 1 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 224WZ UT WOS:000250480400061 PM 18098389 ER PT J AU Zou, R Carter, S Shoemaker, L Parker, A Henry, T AF Zou, Rui Carter, Stephen Shoemaker, Leslie Parker, Andrew Henry, Thomas TI Closure to "integrated hydrodynamic and water quality modeling system to support nutrient total maximum daily load development for Wissahickon Creek, Pennsylvania" by Rui Zou, Stephen Carter, Leslie Shoemaker, Andrew Parker, and Thomas Henry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US EPA, Water Protect Div, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Zou, R (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, 10306 Eaton Pl, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rui.zou@tetratech-ffx.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2007 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1073 EP 1074 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)132:4(555) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222SR UT WOS:000250318000009 ER PT J AU Brown, SL Compton, H Basta, N AF Brown, S. L. Compton, H. Basta, N. TI Field test ofln situ soil amendments at the tar creek national priorities list superfund site SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOIL; WATER TREATMENT RESIDUALS; IN-SITU; LEAD BIOAVAILABILITY; REDUCE; REMEDIATION; BIOSOLIDS; PHOSPHATE; CADMIUM; IMMOBILIZATION AB A range of soil amendments including diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), municipal biosolids (BS), biosolids compost, and Al- and Fe-based water treatment residua;s were tested on Pb- Zn- and cd-contaminated yard soils and tailings at the Tar Creek NPL site in Oklahoma to determine if amendments could restore a vegetative cover and reduce metal availability in situ. For the yard soils, all amendments reduced bioaccessible (assessed with a physiologic-based extraction method) Pb, with reductions 57% (Compost+Al). Plant Zn (Cynadon dactylon L.) and HN4No3-extractable Cd and Zn were also reduced by a number of amendments. For the tailings, all amendments excluding BS reduced bioaccessible Pb, with the largest reductions observed in the DAP 3% and DAP3%+BS treatments (75 and 84%). Plant growth was supressed in all treatments that contained DAP for the first season, with the highest growth in the treatments that included compost and biosolids. In the second year, growth was vigorous for all treatments. Plant Zn and Cd and extractable metal concentaration were also reduced. A number of treatments were also identified that reduced biooaccessible Pb and sustained a healthy plant with reduced metal concentrations. For the yard soil, Compost+Al was the most effective treatment tested. These results indicate that in situ amendments offer remedial alternative for the Tar Creek site. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Brown, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slb@u.washington.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1627 EP 1634 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400009 PM 17940262 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Ware, MW Schaefer, FW Shoemaker, JA Kryak, DD AF Glassmeyer, Susan T. Ware, Michael W. Schaefer, Frank W., III Shoemaker, Jody A. Kryak, David D. TI An improved method for the analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; excysted sporozoite; MALDI-TOF MS; mass spectra; oocysts; sample preparation ID BIOMARKERS; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; QUALITY; SPECTRA; SPORES; CELLS AB Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Sample preparation proved to be a crucial step in the acquisition of acceptable mass spectra. Oocysts of C. parvum and the matrix were mixed and held for at least 45 min to produce reproducible, representative mass spectra. Sporozoites were also excysted from oocysts, purified, and analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. The mass spectra of the intact oocysts contained many of the same peaks found in the mass spectra of the sporozoites, suggesting that during analysis, the internal constituents, not just the oocyst wall, are ablated by the laser. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017 OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 479 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00287.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 237PA UT WOS:000251386300003 PM 18070325 ER PT J AU Chambers, JE Boone, JS Davis, MK Moran, JE Tyler, JW AF Chambers, Janice E. Boone, J. Scott Davis, M. Keith Moran, John E. Tyler, John W. TI Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; organophosphate; insecticide; flea control; transferable residue; dog fur; human exposure ID HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; INHIBITION; PESTICIDES; SURFACES; CHILDREN; URINE; DOGS; FUR AB Children can be exposed to pesticides from numerous residential sources such as carpet, house dust, toys and clothing from treated homes, and. ea control remedies on pets. In the present studies, 48 pet dogs (24 in each of two studies) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus insecticide. Transferable insecticide residues were quantified on cotton gloves used to rub the dogs for 5 min and on cotton tee shirts worn by a child ( Study 2 only). First morning urine samples were also obtained from adults and children in both studies for metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) quantification. Blood samples were obtained from treated dogs in Study 1 and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored. Transferable residues on gloves for all compounds were highest near the neck of the dogs and were lowest in areas most distant from the neck. Rubbing samples (over the collar) at two weeks post-collar application contained 447 +/- 757 mu g CP/glove while samples from the fur of the back contained 8 +/- 2 mu g CP/glove. In Study 2, cotton tee shirts worn by children at 15 days post-collar application for 4 h showed CP levels of 134 +/- 66 ng/g shirt. There were significant differences between adults and children in the levels of urinary metabolites with children generally having higher urinary levels of metabolites than adults (grand mean +/- SE; 11.6 +/- 1.1 and 7.9 +/- 0.74 ng/mg creatinine for children and adults, respectively, compared to 9.4 +/- 0.8 and 6.9 +/- 0.5 ng/mg creatinine before collar placement). Therefore, there was little evidence that the use of this flea collar contributed to enhanced CP exposure of either children or adults. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Pomona, CA USA. RP Chambers, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM chambers@cvm.msstate.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 656 EP 666 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500570 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 231RJ UT WOS:000250966400007 PM 17392689 ER PT J AU Isakov, V Touma, JS Khlystov, A AF Isakov, Vlad Touma, Jawad S. Khlystov, Andrey TI A method of assessing air toxics concentrations in urban areas using mobile platform measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; EFFECTIVE DENSITY; AEROSOL; VARIABILITY; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION AB The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an approach to characterize the spatial variability in ambient air concentrations using mobile platform measurements. This approach may be useful for air toxics assessments in Environmental justice applications, epidemiological studies, and environmental health risk assessments. In this study, we developed and applied a method to characterize air toxics concentrations in urban areas using results of the recently conducted field study in Wilmington, DE. Mobile measurements were collected over a 4-x 4-km area of downtown Wilmington for three components: formaldehyde (representative of volatile organic compounds and also photochemically reactive pollutants), aerosol size distribution (representing fine particulate matter), and water-soluble hexavalent chromium (representative of toxic metals). These measurements were used to construct spatial and temporal distributions of air toxics in the area that show a very strong temporal variability, both diurnally and seasonally. An analysis of spatial variability indicates that all pollutants varied significantly by location, which suggests potential impact of local sources. From the comparison with measurements at the central monitoring site, we conclude that formaldehyde and fine particulates show a positive correlation with temperature, which could also be the reason that photochemically generated formaldehyde and fine particulates over the study area correlate well with the fine particulate matter measured at the central site. C1 US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1286 EP 1295 DI 10.3155/1047-389.57.11.1286 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228YL UT WOS:000250768400001 PM 18069452 ER PT J AU Laraia, B Messer, L Evenson, K Kaufman, JS AF Laraia, Barbara Messer, Lynne Evenson, Kelly Kaufman, Jay S. TI Neighborhood factors associated with physical activity and adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neighborhood context; pregnancy; physical activity diet; weight gain ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; IRVINE-MINNESOTA INVENTORY; MEASURE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS; DIET QUALITY INDEX; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM BIRTH; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MATERNAL SMOKING; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE WOMEN AB Healthy diet, physical activity, smoking, and adequate weight gain are all associated with maternal health and fetal growth during pregnancy. Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with poor maternal and child health outcomes, yet conceptualization of potential mechanisms are still needed. Unique information captured by neighborhood inventories, mostly conducted in northern US and Canadian urban areas, has been shown to reveal important aspects of the community environment that are not captured by the demographic quantities in census data. This study used data from the Pregnancy, Nutrition, and Infection (PIN) prospective cohort study to estimate the influences of individual-level and neighborhood-level characteristics on health behaviors and adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy. Women who participated in the PIN study and who resided in Raleigh, North Carolina and its surrounding suburbs were included (n=703). Results from a neighborhood data collection inventory identified three social constructs, physical incivilities, territoriality, and social spaces, which were hypothesized to influence maternal health behaviors. The physical incivility scale was associated with decreased odds (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.57, 0.98) in participating in vigorous leisure activity before pregnancy after controlling for several individual con founders, and a crude association for decreased odds of excessive weight gain (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.64, 0.98). The social spaces scale was associated with decreased odds for inadequate (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56, 0.98) and excessive (adjusted OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.54, 0.98) gestational weight gain. The social spaces scale was also associated with decreased odds of living greater than 3 miles from a supermarket (adjusted OR=0.03, 95% CI=0.00, 0.27). Territoriality was not associated with any pregnancy-related health behavior. None of the neighborhood constructs were associated with smoking or diet quality. Physical incivilities and social spaces neighborhood characteristics may be important to measure to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms through which neighborhood environments influence health. C1 [Laraia, Barbara] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Hlth & Community, Div Prevent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Messer, Lynne] US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evenson, Kelly; Kaufman, Jay S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Laraia, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Hlth & Community, Div Prevent Sci, Campus Box 0844,3333 Calif St,Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM laraiab@chc.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA109804, R01 CA109804-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000046, RR00046]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD28684, K01 HD047122, HD28684A]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU412273] NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 793 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s11524-007-9217-z PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 247OO UT WOS:000252089400005 PM 17710552 ER PT J AU Rossman, LA AF Rossman, Lewis A. TI Discussion of "Solution for water distribution systems under pressure-deficient conditions" by Wah Khim Ang and Paul W. Jowitt SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rossman, LA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rossman.lewis@epa.gov NR 0 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 566 EP 567 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2007)133:6(566.2) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 222SP UT WOS:000250317800013 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Doby, TA Baugh, JW Brill, ED Ranjithan, SR AF Kumar, Sujay V. Doby, Troy A. Baugh, John W., Jr. Brill, E. Downey Ranjithan, S. Ranji TI Closure to "Optimal design of redundant water distribution networks using a cluster of workstations" by Sujay V. Kumar, Troy A. Doby, John W. Baugh Jr., E. Downey Brill, and S. Ranji Ranjithan SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Analy Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sujay@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov; doby.troy@epamail.epa.gov; jwb@ncsu.edu; brill@ncsu.edu; ranji@ncsu.edu RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 580 EP 581 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2007)132:5(374) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 222SP UT WOS:000250317800021 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Room temperature bulk synthesis of silver nanocables wrapped with polypyrrole SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE polypyrrole nanocomposites; silver nanocables; synthesis; X-ray ID UNIAXIALLY ALIGNED ARRAYS; POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS; TELLURIUM NANOWIRES; HOLLOW NANOFIBERS; NANOPARTICLES; GREEN; GOLD; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; NANOTUBES AB Wet chemical synthesis of silver cables wrapped with polypyrrole is reported in aqueous media without use of any surfactant/capping agent and/or template. The method employs direct polymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous solution with AgNO3 as an oxidizing agent. The four probe conductivity results for the as-synthesized silver nanocables of polypyrrole films were found to be 3, 5, 5, and 9 S cm(-1) for a 1: 2, 1: 1, 1: 0.5, and 1: 0.1 silver-to-pyrrole ratio, respectively. This approach can be extended to other monomers such as aniline and N-methylaniline (NMA) to prepare different morphologies of silver nanostructures. Aniline monomer polymerization occurred at room temperature to produce a coating of a silver mirror on the side walls of the glass vial, as in the case of Tollen's process of making silver mirrors. The silver mirror coating strategy was extended to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surface and the resistivity of the polyaniline-coated Ag nanocomposites were measured and found to be semiconducting. {graphics} C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 21 BP 2106 EP 2111 DI 10.1002/marc.200700495 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 230UX UT WOS:000250902700011 ER PT J AU Driehuys, B Walker, J Pollaro, J Cofer, GP Mistry, N Schwartz, D Johnson, GA AF Driehuys, Bastiaan Walker, Julia Pollaro, Jim Cofer, Gary P. Mistry, Nilesh Schwartz, David Johnson, G. Allan TI He-3 MRI in mouse models of asthma SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE murine; asthma; airways hyperresponsiveness; broncho-constriction; hyperpolarized He-3 ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; HYPERPOLARIZED HE-3; LUNG VENTILATION; PROJECTION RECONSTRUCTION; CHALLENGE; METHACHOLINE; MICE; BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; RELAXATION; MORPHOLOGY AB In the study of asthma, a vital role is played by mouse models, because knockout or transgenic methods can be used to alter disease pathways and identify therapeutic targets that affect lung function. Assessment of lung function in rodents by available methods is insensitive because these techniques lack regional specificity. A more sensitive method for evaluating lung function in human asthma patients uses hyperpolarized (HP) He-3 MRI before and after bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine (MCh). We now report the ability to perform such He-3 imaging of MCh response in mice, where voxels must be similar to 3000 times smaller than in humans and He-3 diffusion becomes an impediment to resolving the airways. We show three-dimensional (313) images that reveal airway structure down to the fifth branching and visualize ventilation at a resolution of 125 x 125 x 1000 mu m(3). Images of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice acquired after MCh show both airway closure and ventilation loss. To also observe the MCh response in naive mice, we developed a non-slice-selective 2D protocol with 187 x 187 mu m(2) resolution that was fast enough to record the MCh response and recovery with 12-s temporal resolution. The extension of He-3 MRI to mouse models should make it a valuable translational tool in asthma research. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr In Vivo Microscopy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Driehuys, B (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr In Vivo Microscopy, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM driehuys@orion.duhs.duke.edu OI Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 FU NCI NIH HHS [R24 CA092656-06, R24 CA092656]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR005959, P41 RR005959-18]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL055348, R01 HL055348-07] NR 38 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 58 IS 5 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1002/mrm.21306 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 226AQ UT WOS:000250560000006 PM 17969115 ER PT J AU Shiotani, K Miyazaki, A Li, T Tsuda, Y Yokoi, T Arnbo, A Sasaki, Y Bryant, SD Jinsmaa, Y Lazarus, LH Okada, Y AF Shiotani, Kimitaka Miyazaki, Anna Li, Tingyou Tsuda, Yuko Yokoi, Toshio Arnbo, Akihiro Sasaki, Yusuke Bryant, Sharon D. Jinsmaa, Yunden Lazarus, Lawrence H. Okada, Yoshio TI Synthesis of opioidmimetics, 3-[H-Dmt-NH(CH2)(m)]-6-[H-Dmt-NH(CH2)(n)]2(1H)-pyrazinones, and studies on structure-activity relationships SO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE opioidmimetic; 2 ',6 '-dimethyl-L-tyrosin (Dmt); pyrazinone platform; Dmt-dimerization; opioid receptor affinity; mu-agonism; delta-antagonism; structure-activity relationship ID OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; DELTA-OPIATE RECEPTOR; CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION; IMMEDIATE DEAMINATION; ENDOGENOUS AGONIST; MEDIATED ANALGESIA; BETA-LIPOTROPIN; POTENT; PEPTIDES; ANALOGS AB Opioidmimetics containing 3-[H-Dmt-NH-(CH2)(m)]-6-[H-Dmt-NH-(CH2)(n)]-2(1H)-pyrazinone symmetric (m = n, 1-4) (1 - 4) and asymmetric (m, n = 1 - 4) aliphatic chains (5 - 16) were synthesized using dipeptidyl chloromethylketone intermediates. They had high mu-affinity (K-i mu = 0.021 - 2.94 nM), delta-affinity (K-i delta = 1.06 - 152.6 nM), and mu selectivity (K-i delta/K-i mu = 14 - 3,126). The opioidmimetics (1 - 16) exhibited mu agonism, in proportion to their mu-receptor affinity. Agonism was essentially lacking in the compounds except (4) and (16), and (1) and (2) indicated weak 8 antagonism (pA(2) = 6.47 and 6.56, respectively). The data verify that a specific length of aliphatic linker is required between the Dint pharmacophore and the pyrazinone ring to produce unique t-opioid receptor ligands. C1 Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9818558, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, LPC, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Okada, Y (reprint author), Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. EM okada@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4064 J9 MED CHEM JI Med. Chem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 583 EP 598 DI 10.2174/157340607782360272 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 225BF UT WOS:000250491400011 PM 18045209 ER PT J AU Das, M Scappini, E Martin, NP Wong, KA Dunn, S Chen, YJ Miller, SLH Domin, J O'Bryan, JP AF Das, Margaret Scappini, Erica Martin, Negin P. Wong, Katy A. Dunn, Sara Chen, Yun-Ju Miller, Stephanie L. H. Domin, Jan O'Bryan, John P. TI Regulation of neuron survival through an intersectin-phosphoinositide 3'-kinase C2 beta-AKT pathway SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCYTIC PROTEIN INTERSECTIN; BIMOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE COMPLEMENTATION; DENDRITIC SPINE DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; ADAPTER PROTEIN; CLATHRIN; CDC42; CELLS; RAS; NETWORK AB While endocytosis attenuates signals from plasma membrane receptors, recent studies suggest that endocytosis also serves as a platform for the compartmentalized activation of cellular signaling pathways. Intersectin (ITSN) is a multidomain scaffolding protein that regulates endocytosis and has the potential to regulate various biochemical pathways through its multiple, modular domains. To address the biological importance of ITSN in regulating cellular signaling pathways versus in endocytosis, we have stably silenced ITSN expression in neuronal cells by using short hairpin RNAs. Decreasing ITSN expression dramatically increased apoptosis in both neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons. Surprisingly, the loss of ITSN did not lead to major defects in the endocytic pathway. Yeast two-hybrid analysis identified class II phosphoinositide 3 '-kinase C2 beta PI3K-C2 beta as an ITSN binding protein, suggesting that ITSN may regulate a PI3K-C2 beta-AKT survival pathway. ITSN associated with PI3K-C2 beta on a subset of endomembrane vesicles and enhanced both basal and growth factor-stimulated PI3K-C2 beta activity, resulting in AKT activation. The use of pharmacological inhibitors, dominant negatives, and rescue experiments revealed that PI3K-C2 beta and AKT were epistatic to ITSN. This study represents the first demonstration that ITSN, independent of its role in endocytosis, regulates a critical cellular signaling pathway necessary for cell survival. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. US Dept HHS, Lab Signal Transduct, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Dept HHS, Neurobiol Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Div Med, London W12 0NN, England. RP O'Bryan, JP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, 835 S Wolcott,E403 M-C 868, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM obryanj@uic.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [G0500936] NR 36 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 22 BP 7906 EP 7917 DI 10.1128/MCB.01369-07 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 229KD UT WOS:000250800900015 PM 17875942 ER PT J AU Londo, JP Schaal, BA AF Londo, J. P. Schaal, B. A. TI Origins and population genetics of weedy red rice in the USA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hybridization; weedy rice; Oryza sativa; Oryza rufipogon ID ORYZA-SATIVA L; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CULTIVATED RICE; SSR MARKERS; HYBRIDIZATION; FREQUENCIES; DIVERSITY; DISTANCES; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE AB Weedy red rice (Oryza sativa spontonea) is a persistent and problematic weed of rice culture worldwide. A major hypothesis for the mechanism of production of this weed in South and Southeast Asia is hybridization between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). However, weedy red rice can often be found outside the range of O. rufipogon leaving questions on the origin and process behind weedy rice infestations. In the USA, weedy red rice was first documented as early as 1846 and has continued to affect rice production areas. In this study, we attempt to identify the origin and population structure of weedy red rice sampled from the USA using both DNA sequence data from a neutral nuclear locus as well as microsatellite genotype data. Results suggest that two major accessions of weedy rice exist, strawhull and blackhull, and these forms may both hybridize with the cultivated rice of the USA, O. sativa japonica. Using population assignment of multilocus genotype signatures with principal component analysis and structure, an Asian origin is supported for US weedy rice. Additionally, hybridization between strawhull and blackhull varieties was inferred and may present the opportunity for the production of new weedy forms in the future. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Londo, JP (reprint author), US EPA, 200 NW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM londo.jason@epa.gov NR 36 TC 81 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 21 BP 4523 EP 4535 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03489.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 222CJ UT WOS:000250273400010 PM 17887969 ER PT J AU Dewar, BJ Gardner, OS Chen, CS Earp, HS Samet, JM Graves, LM AF Dewar, Brian J. Gardner, Olivia S. Chen, Ching-Shih Earp, H. Shelton Samet, James M. Graves, Lee M. TI Capacitative calcium entry contributes to the differential transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in response to thiazolidinediones SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVATION; LIVER EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE; C-SRC; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; IN-VITRO; PROSTATE-CANCER; GAMMA; LIGAND; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are synthetic ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR gamma) but also elicit PPAR gamma-independent effects, most notably activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Ciglitazone rapidly activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) MAPK, an event requiring c-Src kinase-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation, whereas troglitazone only weakly activates Erk and does not induce EGFR transactivation; the mechanism underlying this difference remains unclear. In this study, both ciglitazone and troglitazone increased Src activation. Similar effects were observed with Delta 2-derivatives of each TZD, compounds that bind PPAR gamma but do not lead to its activation, further indicating a PPAR gamma-independent mechanism. Neither EGFR kinase nor Pyk2 inhibition prevented Src activation; however, inhibition of Src kinase activity prevented Pyk2 activation. Intracellular calcium chelation blocks TZD-induced Pyk2 activation; here, Src activation by both TZDs and ciglitazone-induced EGFR transactivation were prevented by calcium chelation. Accordingly, both TZDs increased calcium concentrations from intracellular stores; however, only ciglitazone produced a secondary calcium influx in the presence of extracellular calcium. Removal of extracellular calcium or inhibition of capacitative calcium entry by 2-APB prevented ciglitazone-induced EGFR transactivation and Erk activation but did not affect upstream kinase signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that upstream kinases (i. e., Src and Pyk2) are required but not sufficient for EGFR transactivation by TZDs. Moreover, influx of extracellular calcium through capacitative calcium entry may be an unrecognized component that provides a mechanism for the differential induction of EGFR transactivation by these compounds. C1 [Dewar, Brian J.; Gardner, Olivia S.; Samet, James M.; Graves, Lee M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Earp, H. Shelton; Graves, Lee M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Earp, H. Shelton] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Samet, James M.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Chen, Ching-Shih] Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dewar, BJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1146 EP 1156 DI 10.1124/mol.107.037549 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 223PR UT WOS:000250385300008 PM 17686966 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD Woodall, GM AF Claxton, Larry D. Woodall, George M., Jr. TI A review of the mutagenicity and rodent carcinogenicity of ambient air SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; genotoxicity; ambient air; salmonella; bioassays; ambient particles; traffic; combustion; plants; mammalian cells; rodents; atmosphere; PAH; PM2.5; PM10; volatile organic chemicals ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; TRADESCANTIA-MICRONUCLEUS BIOASSAY; EXTRACTABLE ORGANIC-MATTER; DIRECTED CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; AMERICAN-CANCER-SOCIETY; HAIR MUTATION BIOASSAY; INDUCED LUNG-TUMORS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE AB Although ambient air was first shown to be carcinogenic in 1947 and mutagenic in 1975, no overarching review of the subsequent literature has been produced. Recently, Claxton et al. [L.D. Claxton, P.P. Matthews, S.H. Warren, The genotoxicity of ambient outdoor air, a review: Salmonella mutagenicity, Mutat. Res./Rev. Mutat. Res. 567 (2004) 347-399] reviewed the literature on the mutagenicity of urban air in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Here, we review the literature on the mutagenicity of urban air in other test systems and review the carcinogenicity of urban air in experimental systems. Urban air was carcinogenic in most of the reports involving rodents. Studies ascribed carcinogenic activity primarily to PAHs, nitroarenes, and other aromatic compounds. Atmospheric conditions, along with the levels and types of pollutants, contributed to the variations in carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of air from different metropolitan areas. The majority of the mutagenesis literature was in the Salmonella assay (50%), with plant systems accounting for most of the rest (31%). The present data give little support to the use of plant systems to compare air mutagenicity among multiple sites or studies. Studies in mice have shown that particulate air pollution causes germ-cell mutations. Air sheds contain similar types and classes of mutagens; however, the levels of these compounds vary considerably among air sheds. Combustion emissions were associated with much of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of urban air. Most studies focused on the particulate fraction; thus, additional work is needed on the volatile and semi-volatile fractions, metals, and atmospheric transformation. Smaller particles have greater percentages of extractable organic material and are more mutagenic than larger particles. Although hundreds of genotoxic compounds have been identified in ambient air, only a few (<25) are routinely monitored, emphasizing the value of coupling bioassay with chemistry in the monitoring of air for carcinogenic and mutagenic activities and compounds. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Claxton, Larry D.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Woodall, George M., Jr.] US EPA, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014; OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 316 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 636 IS 1-3 BP 36 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.murrev.2007.01.001 PG 59 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 245HK UT WOS:000251925500004 PM 17451995 ER PT J AU Sen, B Mahadevan, B DeMarini, DM AF Sen, Banalata Mahadevan, Brinda DeMarini, David M. TI Transcriptional responses to complex mixtures - A review SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE microarray; cigarette smoke; diesel exhaust; urban air; carbon black; gene expression; risk assessment ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; NRF2 ENHANCES SUSCEPTIBILITY; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CDNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; DENSITY DNA MICROARRAY; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; TOBACCO-SMOKE AB Exposure of people to hazardous compounds is primarily through complex environmental mixtures, those that occur through media such as air, soil, water, food, cigarette smoke, and combustion emissions. Microarray technology offers the ability to query the entire genome after exposure to such an array of compounds, permitting a characterization of the biological effects of such exposures. This review summarizes the published literature on the transcriptional profiles resulting from exposure of cells or organisms to complex environmental mixtures such as cigarette smoke, diesel emissions, urban air, motorcycle exhaust, carbon black, jet fuel, and metal ore and fumes. The majority of the mixtures generally up-regulate gene expression, with heme oxygenase I and CYP1A1 being up-regulated by all of the mixtures. Most of the mixtures altered the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response (OH-1, metallothioneins), immune/inflammation response (IL-1b, protein kinase), xenobiofic metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), coagulation and fibrinolysis (plasminogen activator/inhibitor), proto-oncogenes (FUS1, JUN), heat-shock response (HSP60, HSP70), DNA repair (PCNA, GADD45), structural unit of condensed DNA (Crf150rf16, DUSP 15), and extracellular matrix degradation (MMP1, 8,9, 11, 12). Genes involved in aldehyde metabolism, such as ALDH3, appeared to be uniquely modulated by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke-exposed populations have been successfully distinguished from control nonexposed populations based on the expression pattern of a subset of genes, thereby demonstrating the utility of this approach in identifying biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility. The analysis of gene-expression data at the pathway and functional level, along with a systems biology approach, will provide a more comprehensive insight into the biological effects of complex mixtures and will improve risk assessment of the same. We suggest critical components of study design and reporting that will achieve this goal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sen, Banalata] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mahadevan, Brinda] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 92 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 636 IS 1-3 BP 144 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.08.002 PG 34 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 245HK UT WOS:000251925500007 PM 17888717 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Schoeny, R DeMarini, DM AF Richardson, Susan D. Plewa, Michael J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Schoeny, Rita DeMarini, David M. TI Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: A review and roadmap for research SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE N-nitrosodimethylamine; regulated and unregulated DBPs; total organic halogen; total organic carbon ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; MALE F344/N RATS; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM YG7108; MAMMALIAN-CELL CYTOTOXICITY; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMES-FLUCTUATION TEST AB Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when disinfectants (chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, or chloramines) react with naturally occurring organic matter, anthropogenic contaminants, bromide, and iodide during the production of drinking water. Here we review 30 years of research on the occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of 85 DBPs, I I of which are currently regulated by the U.S., and 74 of which are considered emerging DBPs due to their moderate occurrence levels and/or toxicological properties. These 74 include halonitromethanes, iodo-acids and other unregulated halo-acids, iodo-trihalomethanes (THms), and other unregulated halomethanes, halofuranones (MX [3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone] and brominated MX DBPs), haloamides, haloacetonitriles, tribromopyrrole, aldehydes, and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and other nitrosamines. Alternative disinfection practices result in drinking water from which extracted organic material is less mutagenic than extracts of chlorinated water. However, the levels of many emerging DBPs are increased by alternative disinfectants (primarily ozone or chloramines) compared to chlorination, and many emerging DBPs are more genotoxic than some of the regulated DBPs. Our analysis identified three categories of DBPs of particular interest. Category I contains eight DBPs with some or all of the toxicologic characteristics of human carcinogens: four regulated (bromodichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, and bromate) and four unregulated DBPs (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, NIX, and NDMA). Categories 2 and 3 contain 43 emerging DBPs that are present at moderate levels (sub- to low-mu g/L): category 2 contains 29 of these that are genotoxic (including chloral hydrate and chloroacetaldehyde, which are also a rodent carcinogens); category 3 contains the remaining 14 for which little or no toxicological data are available. In general, the brominated DBPs are both more genotoxic and carcinogenic than are chlorinated compounds, and iodinated DBPs were the most genotoxic of all but have not been tested for carcinogenicity. There were toxicological data gaps for even some of the I I regulated DBPs, as well as for most of the 74 emerging DBPs. A systematic assessment of DBPs for genotoxicity has been performed for similar to 60 DBPs for DNA damage in mammalian cells and 16 for mutagenicity in Salmonella. A recent epidemiologic study found that much of the risk for bladder cancer associated with drinking water was associated with three factors: THM levels, showering/bathing/swimming (i.e., dermal/inhalation exposure), and genotype (having the GSTT1-1 gene). This finding, along with mechanistic studies, highlights the emerging importance of dermal/ inhalation exposure to the THMs, or possibly other DBPs, and the role of genotype for risk for drinking-water-associated bladder cancer. More than 50% of the total organic halogen (TOX) formed by chlorination and more than 50% of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formed by ozonation has not been identified chemically. The potential interactions among the 600 identified DBPs in the complex mixture of drinking water to which we are exposed by various routes is not reflected in any of the toxicology studies of individual DBPs. The categories of DBPs described here, the identified data gaps, and the emerging role of dermal/inhalation exposure provide guidance for drinking water and public health research. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Plewa, Michael J.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 313 TC 913 Z9 998 U1 110 U2 719 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 636 IS 1-3 BP 178 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001 PG 65 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 245HK UT WOS:000251925500008 PM 17980649 ER PT J AU Ryan, JC Dechraoui, MYB Morey, JS Rezvani, A Levin, ED Gordon, CJ Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Ryan, James C. Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Morey, Jeanine S. Rezvani, Amir Levin, Edward D. Gordon, Christopher J. Ramsdell, John S. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Transcriptional profiling of whole blood and serum protein analysis of mice exposed to the neurotoxin Pacific Ciguatoxin-1 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciguatoxin; microarray; gene expression; blood; ciguatera; biotoxin ID PROTEASOME SYSTEM; ALLERGIC AIRWAYS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; RECEPTORS; CYTOKINES; LEPTIN; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; OSTEOPONTIN AB Ciguatoxins(CTX) are a suite of cyclic polyether toxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp., are potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels and a leading cause of human poisoning from food fish. This report characterizes the genomic and proteomic response in whole blood of adult male mice exposed i.p. to 264 ng/kg of the Pacific congener of CTX (P-CTX-1) at 1, 4 and 24 h. Whole genome microarray expression data were filtered by tightness of fit between replicates, fold change (1.8) and p-value (10(-5)), resulting in 183 annotated genes used for trending analysis, K-means clustering and ontology classification. Genes involved with cytokine signaling, proteasome complex and ribosomal function were dominant. qPCR performed on 19 genes of interest had a correlation of 0.95 to array results by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum protein analysis showed small but significant changes in 6 of 60 proteins assayed: Cc12, Cc112, CD40, IL-10, leptin and M-CSF. In large part, the gene expression was consistent with a Th2 immune response with interesting similarities to expression seen in asthmatic models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryan, James C.; Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Morey, Jeanine S.; Ramsdell, John S.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rezvani, Amir; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ryan, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.ryan@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1109 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.05.013 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 239SJ UT WOS:000251537700005 PM 17868886 ER PT J AU Ehman, KD Phillips, PM McDaniel, KL Barone, S Moser, VC AF Ehman, K. D. Phillips, P. M. McDaniel, K. L. Barone, S., Jr. Moser, V. C. TI Evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity of organotins via drinking water in rats: Dimethyl tin SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimethyl tin; developmental neurotoxicity; Organotin; Behavior; cognition; rats ID SPONTANEOUS-ALTERNATION; TRIMETHYLTIN; EXTINCTION; TOXICITY; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; 11-DAY-OLD; APOPTOSIS; REWARD AB Dimethyltin (DMT) is one of several organotins that are detected in domestic water supplies due to their use as plastic stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated PVC (CPVC) products. A limited number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that DMT may produce developmental neurotoxicity; therefore, we initiated studies to evaluate long-term neurobehavioral changes in offspring following perinatal exposure. In the first study, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via drinking water to DMT (0, 3, 15, 74 ppm) before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were tested for changes in: 1) preweaning learning in an associative runway task, 2) motor activity ontogeny, 3) spatial learning and retention in the Morris water maze as adults, 4) brain weight, 5) biochemical evidence of apoptosis, and 6) neuropathology. DMT toxicity was expressed as depressed maternal weight gain (74 ppm), and in the offspring, decreased brain weight (3, 74 ppm), decreased apoptosis (all concentrations), mild vacuolation in adult offspring (all concentrations), and slower learning in the water maze (15 ppm) due to altered spatial search patterns. In a second study, DMT exposure (same concentrations) occurred from gestational day 6 to weaning. Male and female offspring were tested. The high concentration again depressed maternal weight gain, decreased offspring birth weight and preweaning growth, and decreased brain weight. Increased and decreased apoptotic markers were measured, depending on age. Learning deficits were observed in the runway at postnatal day I I (15, 74 ppm) and again in the adult offspring in the water maze (15 ppm). The results of both studies demonstrate a reproducible effect of 15 ppm perinatal DMT exposure on spatial learning. Changes in expression of apoptosis, brain weight, and the occurrence of neuropathological lesions also indicate potential neurotoxicity of DMT. These results were in contrast to earlier findings with monomethyl tin, for which only similar neuropathological lesions were observed. Thus, developmental neurotoxicity may be produced in offspring following gestational exposure to DMT in drinking water. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ehman, K. D.; Phillips, P. M.; McDaniel, K. L.; Barone, S., Jr.; Moser, V. C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 622 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.07.004 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 242AP UT WOS:000251697200004 PM 17764894 ER PT J AU Lomnicky, GA Whitrier, TR Hughes, RM Peck, DV AF Lomnicky, Gregg A. Whitrier, Thomas R. Hughes, Robert M. Peck, David V. TI Distribution of nonnative aquatic vertebrates in western US streams and rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COLORADO RIVER; FRESH-WATER; TROUT; HOMOGENIZATION; CALIFORNIA; INVASIONS AB Nonnative aquatic vertebrates have been widely introduced across the western United States. We analyzed data from the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program's western pilot study to determine the occurrence of normative fish and amphibians and the proportion of stream length they occupied in streams of 12 conterminous western states. A total of 1,361 sites (including both probability sites and candidate reference sites) were sampled from 2000 to 2004. Of these, 711 probability sites had sufficient sampling effort and vertebrates present, representing a total assessed stream length of 213,600 km. Native and normative species numbers and proportionate abundances based on this stream length are reported for the entire study area, for three large-scale ecoregions (Mountains, Xeric, and Plains), and for each state in the survey area. Sites with insufficient sampling effort or collection permit restrictions or in which no vertebrates were collected could not be assessed and represented an additional 90,000 kin of stream length. An estimated 52 +/- 4% (mean and 95% confidence interval) of the assessed stream length contained normative vertebrates. Normatives represented more than 50% of the individuals in 22 +/- 3% of the assessed stream length. Normative vertebrates were present in 59 +/- 10% of the assessed length represented by fourth-order rivers and in 83 +/- 6% of the assessed length represented by fifth-order and larger rivers. From 30 to 33 normative species were found in each of the three ecoregions. Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were the most common normative aquatic vertebrates found in the study area based on the proportion of assessed stream length occupied. Of the 12 states surveyed, California accounted for the greatest number of normative taxa we collected (26) and Idaho the fewest (4). C1 [Lomnicky, Gregg A.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Whitrier, Thomas R.; Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Peck, David V.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lomnicky, GA (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lomnicky.gregg@epa.gov NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1093 DI 10.1577/M06-155.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400004 ER PT J AU Ehn, NL Cooper, ME Orr, K Shi, M Johnson, MK Caprau, D Dagle, J Steffen, K Johnson, K Marazita, ML Merrill, D Murray, JC AF Ehn, Nicole L. Cooper, Margaret E. Orr, Kristin Shi, Min Johnson, Marla K. Caprau, Diana Dagle, John Steffen, Katherine Johnson, Karen Marazita, Mary L. Merrill, David Murray, Jeffrey C. TI Evaluation of fetal and maternal genetic variation in the progesterone receptor gene for contributions to preterm birth SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE CAPROATE; UNIFIED APPROACH; GESTATIONAL-AGE; DISEASE GENES; ASSOCIATION; DELIVERY; PREVENTION; PARTURITION; ISOFORM; RISK AB Progesterone plays a critical role in the maintenance of pregnancy and has been effectively used to prevent recurrences of preterm labor. We investigated the role of genetic variation in the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene in modulating risks for preterm labor by examining both maternal and fetal effects. Cases were infants delivered prematurely at the University of Iowa. DNA was collected from the mother, infant, and father. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and an insertion deletion variant in PGR were studied in 415 families. Results were then analyzed using transmission disequilibrium tests and log-linear-model-based analysis. DNA sequencing of the PGR gene was also carried out in 92 mothers of preterm infants. We identified significant associations between SNP in the PGR for both mother and preterm infant. No etiologic sequence variants were found in the coding sequence of the PGR gene. This study suggests that genetic variation in the PGR gene of either the mother or the fetus may trigger preterm labor. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, S Grand Ave,2182 ML, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jeff-murray@uiowa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000059, M01 RR000059-466795, M01-RR-59]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD052953, R01 HD052953, R01 HD052953-02, R01 HD052953-03]; PHS HHS [U50 CCU 713238] NR 40 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 630 EP 635 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 224WD UT WOS:000250477000022 PM 17805208 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF Behringer, RP Matthews, JV Gremaud, PA AF Wambaugh, John F. Behringer, Robert P. Matthews, John V. Gremaud, Pierre A. TI Response to perturbations for granular flow in a hopper SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; DISCHARGE AB We experimentally investigate the response to perturbations of circular symmetry for dense granular flow inside a three-dimensional right-conical hopper. These experiments consist of particle tracking velocimetry for the flow at the outer boundary of the hopper. We are able to test commonly used constitutive relations and observe granular flow phenomena that we can model numerically. Unperturbed conical hopper flow has been described as a radial velocity field with no azimuthal component. Guided by numerical models based upon continuum descriptions, we find experimental evidence for secondary, azimuthal circulation in response to perturbation of the symmetry with respect to gravity by tilting. For small perturbations we can discriminate between constitutive relations, based upon the agreement between the numerical predictions they produce and our experimental results. We find that the secondary circulation can be suppressed as wall friction is varied, also in agreement with numerical predictions. For large tilt angles we observe the abrupt onset of circulation for parameters where circulation was previously suppressed. Finally, we observe that for large tilt angles the fluctuations in velocity grow, independent of the onset of circulation. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Tennessee Chattanooga, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 051303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.051303 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 236TK UT WOS:000251326100039 PM 18233648 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Lee, EH Phillips, DL Rygiewicz, PT Waschmann, RS Johnson, MG Olszyk, DM AF Tingey, David T. Lee, E. Henry Phillips, Donald L. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Waschmann, Ronald S. Johnson, Mark G. Olszyk, David M. TI Elevated CO2 and temperature alter net ecosystem C exchange in a young Douglas fir mesocosm experiment SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE global change; photosynthesis; respiration ID SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON BALANCE; DARK RESPIRATION; PLANT RESPIRATION; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; LEAF RESPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SOIL AB We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (EC) [ambient CO2 (AC) + 190 ppm] and elevated temperature (ET) [ambient temperature (AT) + 3.6 degrees C] on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of seedling Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) mesocosms. As the study utilized seedlings in reconstructed soil-litter-plant systems, we anticipated greater C losses through ecosystem respiration (R-e) than gains through gross photosynthesis (GPP), i.e. negative NEE. We hypothesized that: (1) EC would increase GPP more than R-e, resulting in NEE being less negative; and (2) ET would increase R-e more than GPP, resulting in NEE being more negative. We also evaluated effects of CO2 and temperature on light inhibition of dark respiration. Consistent with our hypothesis, NEE was a smaller C source in EC, not because EC increased photosynthesis but rather because of decreased respiration resulting in less C loss. Consistent with our hypothesis, NEE was more negative in ET because R-e increased more than GPP. The light level that inhibited respiration varied seasonally with little difference among CO2 and temperature treatments. In contrast, the degree of light inhibition of respiration was greater in AC than EC. In our system, respiration was the primary control on NEE, as EC and ET caused greater changes in respiration than photosynthesis. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1400 EP 1410 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01713.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215RJ UT WOS:000249826400005 PM 17897410 ER PT J AU Lin, JA Watanabe, J Rozengurt, N Narasimha, A Martin, MG Wang, J Braun, J Langenbach, R Reddy, ST AF Lin, James A. Watanabe, Junji Rozengurt, Nora Narasimha, Ajay Martin, Martin G. Wang, Jenny Braun, Jonathan Langenbach, Robert Reddy, Srinivasa T. TI Atherogenic diet causes lethal ileo-ceco-colitis in cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mice SO PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS LA English DT Article DE COX-2; bile acids; Crohn's disease; inflammatory bowel disease; intestinal inflammation ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; COLON-CANCER CELLS; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; DEOXYCHOLIC-ACID; CARCINOMA CELLS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; STROMAL CELLS; INHIBITION; COX-2 AB Cyclooxygenases (COX) regulate a variety of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the pathological effects of COX-1 inhibition by NSAIDs on intestinal ulceration are well established, the role of COX-2 on intestinal inflammation remains under investigation. In this paper, we report a protective role for COX-2 against diet-mediated intestinal inflammation in mice. COX-2(-/-) mice fed an atherogenic diet or diet containing cholate, but not chow or fat alone, had a high mortality whereas COX-1(-/-) mice and wild-type mice were unaffected by the dietary changes. Histological analysis identified the cause of death in COX-2(-/-) mice due to severe intestinal inflammation that was surprisingly limited to the ileo-ceco-colic junction. COX-2 expression is induced in the cecum of wild-type mice fed an atherogenic diet. Our findings show that COX-2 plays an anti-inflammatory role at the ileo-ceco-colic junction in mice, and the pathology of diet-mediated intestinal inflammation in COX-2(-/-) mice offers an excellent model system to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of intestinal inflammation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med Cardiol, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atherosclerosis Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Reddy, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med Cardiol, Inst Mol Biol, A8-131 CHS,650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sreddy@mednet.ucla.edu RI Lin, James/E-4796-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016042]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL071776-01, 1R01HL71776, R01 HL071776, R01 HL082823, R01 HL082823-01A2]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI028697]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5R33DK070328, R33 DK070328] NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1098-8823 J9 PROSTAG OTH LIPID M JI Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.04.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 239CY UT WOS:000251497300002 PM 17991612 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Boykin, E Haykal-Coates, N Gavett, SH Doerfler, D Selgrade, M AF Farraj, Aimen K. Boykin, Elizabeth Haykal-Coates, Najwa Gavett, Stephen H. Doerfler, Donald Selgrade, MaryJane TI Th2 cytokines in skin draining lymph nodes and serum IgE do not predict airway hypersensitivity to intranasal isocyanate exposure in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; airway hypersensitivity; Th2 cytokines; serum IgE; skin draining lymph nodes; intranasal instillation; dermal exposure; mice; dinitrochlorobenzene; hazard identification ID DIISOCYANATE-INDUCED ASTHMA; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT COMPOUNDS; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE; DERMAL SENSITIZATION; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; MURINE MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; A/J MICE; RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Isocyanate exposure in the workplace has been linked to asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, investigators have proposed that Th2 cytokine responses in lymph nodes draining the site of dermal application of chemicals including isocyanates may be used to identify sensitizers that cause asthma-like responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cytokine profile induced after dermal sensitization with isocyanates and serum IgE predict immediate (IHS) and methacholine-induced late (LHS) respiratory hypersensitivity responses after intranasal challenge. Dermal application of hexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), or methylene diisocyanate (MDI) significantly increased interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 secretion in parotid lymph node cells. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) increased IL-4 and IL-13, but not IL-5. Tolyl(mono)isocyanate (TMI), tetramethylene xylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), or the contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), only induced minor increases in some of the Th2 cytokines. HMDI, TDI, MDI, and IPDI elicited greater increases in total serum IgE than DNCB, TMI, and TMXDI. All chemicals except TMXDI caused IHS after intranasal challenge of sensitized female BALB/c mice. Only HMDI-, TMI-, or TMXDI-sensitized and challenged mice had increases in LHS. All chemicals elicited epithelial cytotoxicity indicative of nasal airway irritation. The discordance between dermal cytokine profiles and respiratory responses suggests that dermal responses do not necessarily predict respiratory responses. Serum IgE also was not predictive of the respiratory responses to the isocyanates, suggesting that other unknown mechanisms may be involved. C1 US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, M (reprint author), US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm194 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 227VT UT WOS:000250686600013 PM 17693426 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Boyes, WK Kenyon, EM Bushnell, PJ AF Benignus, Vernon A. Boyes, William K. Kenyon, Elaina M. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Quantitative comparisons of the acute neurotoxicity of toluene in rats and humans SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE behavior; neurotoxicology; dose-response; risk assessment; volatile organic compounds; agents ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; EXPOSURE; AVOIDANCE; INHALATION; ACETONE; MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SCHEDULE AB The behavioral and neurophysiological effects of acute exposure to toluene are the most thoroughly explored of all the hydrocarbon solvents. Behavioral effects have been experimentally studied in humans and other species, for example, rats. The existence of both rat and human dosimetric data offers the opportunity to quantitatively compare the relative sensitivity to acute toluene exposure. The purpose of this study was to fit dose-effect curves to existing data and to estimate the dose-equivalence equation (DEE) between rats and humans. The DEE gives the doses that produce the same magnitude of effect in the two species. Doses were brain concentrations of toluene estimated from physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Human experiments measuring toluene effects on choice reaction time (CRT) were meta-analyzed. Rat studies employed various dependent variables: amplitude of visual-evoked potentials (VEPs), signal detection (SIGDET) accuracy (ACCU) and reaction time (RT), and escape-avoidance (ES-AV) behaviors. Comparison of dose-effect functions showed that human and rat sensitivity was practically the same for those two task regimens that exerted the least control over the behaviors being measured (VEP in rats and CRT in humans) and the sensitivity was progressively lower for SIGDET RT, SIGDET ACCU, and ES-AV behaviors in rats. These results suggested that the sensitivity to impairment by toluene depends on the strength of control over the measured behavior rather than on the species being tested. This interpretation suggests that (1) sensitivity to toluene would be equivalent in humans and rats if both species performed behaviors that were controlled to the same extent, (2) the most sensitive tests of neurobehavioral effects would be those in which least control is exerted on the behavior being measured, and (3) effects of toluene in humans may be estimated using the DEEs from rat studies despite differences in the amount of control exerted by the experimental regimen or differences in the behaviors under investigation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Mail Code B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm203 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 227VT UT WOS:000250686600018 PM 17698514 ER PT J AU Laws, SC Stoker, TE Ferrell, JM Hotchkiss, MG Cooper, RL AF Laws, Susan C. Stoker, Tammy E. Ferrell, Janet M. Hotchkiss, Michelle G. Cooper, Ralph L. TI Effects of altered food intake during pubertal development in male and female wistar rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pubertal development; food restriction; endocrine disruptors ID STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; I SCREENING BATTERY; THYROID END-POINTS; FEED RESTRICTION; REPRODUCTIVE AXIS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; CD RATS; ATRAZINE; TESTOSTERONE; PROTOCOL AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently validating assays that will be used in a Tier I Screening Battery to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals. A primary concern with the Protocols for the Assessment of Pubertal Development and Thyroid Function in Juvenile Male and Female Rats is that a nonspecific reduction in body weight (BWT) during the exposure period may potentially confound the interpretation of effects on the endocrine endpoints. Wistar rats were underfed 10, 20, 30, or 40% less than the ad libitum food consumed by controls from postnatal days ( PNDs) 22 to 42 ( females) or PNDs 23 to 53 ( males). Terminal BWT of females and males were 2, 4, 12, and 19% and 2, 6, 9, and 19% lower than controls, respectively. In the females, neither the age of pubertal onset nor any of the thyroid hormone endpoints were affected by food restriction ( FR) that led to a 12% decrease in BWT. Similarly, none of the male reproductive endpoints examined were altered by FR that led to a 9% BWT decrease. However, decreased triiodothyronine and thyroxin was observed in FR males with a 9% reduced BWT. While these data support the use of the maximum tolerated dose for BWT ( 10%) for the female protocol, effects on the male thyroid endpoints indicate that a slightly lower limit ( <= 6% BWT loss) may be appropriate for the male pubertal protocol, and in cases where the BWT loss approaches 9 - 10%, additional studies and/ or a weight of evidence approach should be used when interpreting the data for the thyroid endpoints. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL,Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Laws, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL,Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, MD 72,Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM laws.susan@epa.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm219 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 227VT UT WOS:000250686600022 PM 17728285 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD AF Claxton, L. D. TI A review of conflict of interest, competing interest, and bias for toxicologists SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE academia; bias; competing interest; conflict of interest; editors; ethics; government; industry; journals; law; non-profit organizations; scientific societies; toxicology ID TOBACCO INDUSTRY; LIFE SCIENCES; BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH; US UNIVERSITIES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; SOUND SCIENCE; ETHICS; SCIENTISTS; GUIDELINES; POLICIES AB One of the issues often associated with scientific misconduct is conflict of interest. Although there is a lack of uniformity in the definition of conflict of interest, many express concerns that competing interests may bias research methods and the interpretation of data and conclusions. In extreme cases, conflict of interest activity could contribute to scientific misconduct, hinder the training of scientists, delay the dissemination of research results, lead to the harming of human health and the environment, and misdirect society's decisions that rely on science. This article is not a commentary or editorial but an attempt to supply an overview of what has been said, researched, and accomplished in the area of conflict of interest for toxicologists. Discussion of the financial, professional, and philosophical concerns associated with conflict of interest will be followed by brief discussion of general management approaches and the roles of scientists and organizations from all sectors (i.e., academia, industry, non-profit organizations, and government). C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 109 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 557 EP 571 DI 10.1177/0748233708089046 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 322GN UT WOS:000257363300001 PM 18717514 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Furr, J Makynen, EA Ankley, GT Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, A. K. Furr, J. Makynen, E. A. Ankley, G. T. Gray, L. E., Jr. TI In utero exposure to the environmental androgen trenbolone masculinizes female Sprague-Dawley rats SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE trenbolone; EDC; androgen; masculinization; female; reproductive development ID PRENATAL TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; FATHEAD MINNOW; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; MILL EFFLUENT; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; PHTHALATE; BEHAVIOR; VITRO AB Recently, the occurrence of environmental contaminants with androgenic activity has been described from pulp and paper mill effluents and beef feedlot discharges. A synthetic androgen associated with beef production is trenbolone acetate, which is used to promote growth in cattle. A primary metabolite, 17(3 Trenbolone (TB), has been characterized as a potent androgen in both in vitro and in vivo studies with rats. The current study was designed to characterize the permanent morphological and functional consequences of prenatal TB exposure on female rats compared with those produced in an earlier study with testosterone propionate (TP). Female rat offspring were exposed to 0 mg/day, 0.1 mg/day, 0.5 mg/day, 1.0 mg/day, or 2.0 mg/day TB on gestational days 14-19. The 0.5 mg/day, 1.0 mg/day, or 2.0 mg/day TB groups displayed increases in neonatal anogenital distance (AGD) which persisted in the high dose group. Puberty was delayed in the high dose group and there were increased incidences of external genital malformations and the presence of male prostatic tissue in the 0.5 mg/day, 1.0 mg/day, or 2.0 mg/day groups. These changes were associated with amniotic fluid concentrations of TB that compare favorably with concentrations known to be active in both in vitro systems and in fish. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Content Div, Tox Effects Charaterizat Res Branch, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NCSU, US EPA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.008 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 233QS UT WOS:000251106000005 PM 17931805 ER PT J AU Blystone, CR Lambright, CS Furr, J Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Blystone, Chad R. Lambright, Christy S. Furr, Jfohnathan Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Iprodione delays male rat pubertal development, reduces serum testosterone levels, and decreases ex vivo testicular testosterone production SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iprodione; steroidogenesis; puberty; testosterone; endocrine disruption ID ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; IMIDAZOLE DRUGS; IN-VITRO; KETOCONAZOLE; PROCYMIDONE; VINCLOZOLIN; INHIBITION; FUNGICIDE AB Iprodione (IPRO) is a dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide similar to procymidone and vinclozolin. All three of these fungicides induce Leydig cell tumors in the rat testis in long-term studies and an endocrine mode of action has been hypothesized to mediate this effect. Although both procymidone and vinclozolin antagonize the androgen receptor (AR) in vitro and in vivo, IPRO does not appear to be an AR antagonist. We proposed that pubertal exposure to IPRO would delay male rat pubertal development and reduce testosterone production within the testis. Sprague-Dawley weanling rats were dosed by gavage with 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day of IPRO from post-natal day (PND) 23 to 51/52. The onset of puberty (progression of preputial separation (PPS)) was measured starting on PND 37. Organ weights, serum hormones, and ex vivo testis steroid hormone production under stimulated (+human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) and unstimulated (-hCG) conditions were measured at necropsy. IPRO delayed PPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day and decreased androgen sensitive seminal vesicle and epididymides weights at 200 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, IPRO increased adrenal and liver weights at 200 mg/kg/day, presumably by different mechanism(s) of action. Serum testosterone levels were decreased along with serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione whereas serum LH was unaffected. IPRO reduced ex vivo testis production of testosterone and progesterone. Taken together, these results suggest that IPRO affects steroidogenesis within the testis, not through disruption of LH signaling, but possibly through enzyme inhibition of the steroidogenic pathway before CYP17. These data, along with the reported failure of IPRO to elicit an AR antagonism in vitro, provide evidence that IPRO differs from the dicarboximides procymidone and vinclozolin in that the effects on male rat pubertal development result from an inhibition of steroidogenesis and not AR antagonism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Labs, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gray.Earl@EPA.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.010 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 233QS UT WOS:000251106000009 PM 17931804 ER PT J AU Hartig, P Cardon, MC Lambright, CR Bobseine, KL Gray, LE Wilson, VS AF Hartig, P. C. Cardon, M. C. Lambright, C. R. Bobseine, K. L. Gray, L. E., Jr. Wilson, V. S. TI Substitution of synthetic chimpanzee androgen receptor for human androgen receptor in competitive binding and transcriptional activation assays for EDC screening SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; baculovirus; androgen; receptor; human; chimpanzee ID BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM; STEROID-BINDING; INSECT CELLS; DNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; REPORTER; WILDLIFE; VECTORS AB The potential effect of receptor-mediated endocrine modulators across species is of increasing concern. In attempts to address these concerns, we are developing androgen and estrogen receptor binding assays using recombinant hormone receptors from a number of species across different vertebrate classes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP) requested that we develop a nonhuman mammalian receptor-binding assay for possible use in their Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). Since the chimpanzee androgen receptor is very similar to that of humans and thus possesses properties which could be exploited in future endocrine studies, we synthesized and expressed this gene in eukaryotic expression plasmids, baculovirus expression vectors and replication deficient adenovirus. In all ligand-binding and transcriptional activation assays tested, the chimpanzee receptor performed essentially identically to the human receptor. This suggests that the chimpanzee gene could substitute for the human gene in endocrine screening assays. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hartig, P (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div,RTP, 2525 E Highway 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hartig.phillip@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.013 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 233QS UT WOS:000251106000011 PM 17920789 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Stevens, CT Puls, RW Yabusaki, SB Wauchope, RD McGrath, CJ Curtis, GP Siegel, MD Veblen, LA Turner, DR AF Cygan, Randall T. Stevens, Caroline T. Puls, Robert W. Yabusaki, Steven B. Wauchope, Robert D. McGrath, Christian J. Curtis, Gary P. Siegel, Malcolm D. Veblen, Linda A. Turner, David R. TI Research activities at US government agencies in subsurface reactive transport modeling SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID URANYL(VI) ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CATION-EXCHANGE MODEL; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; OIL SPILL SITE; HANFORD SITE; CRUDE-OIL; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT AB The fate of contaminants in the environment is controlled by both chemical reactions and transport phenomena in the subsurface. Our ability to understand the significance of these processes over time requires an accurate conceptual model that incorporates the various mechanisms of coupled chemical and physical processes. Adsorption, desorption, ion exchange, precipitation, dissolution, growth, solid solution, redox, microbial activity, and other processes are often incorporated into reactive transport models for the prediction of contaminant fate and transport. U. S. federal agencies use such models to evaluate contaminant transport and provide guidance to decision makers and regulators for treatment issues. We provide summaries of selected research projects and programs to demonstrate the level of activity in various applications and to present examples of recent advances in subsurface reactive transport modeling. C1 [Cygan, Randall T.; Siegel, Malcolm D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Yabusaki, Steven B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wauchope, Robert D.] USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [McGrath, Christian J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Veblen, Linda A.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Turner, David R.] SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Cygan, RT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 805 EP 822 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0091 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100013 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Choi, YS Obrietan, K Dudek, SM AF Zhao, Meilan Choi, Yun-Sik Obrietan, Karl Dudek, Serena M. TI Synaptic plasticity (and the lack thereof) in hippocampal CA2 neurons SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE long-term potentiation; long-term depression; TREK-1 channels; STEP; ERK; CREB ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE STEP; PAIRED-PULSE FACILITATION; NMDA RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; NONPYRAMIDAL CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SECTOR CA2 AB The hippocampus is critical for some forms of memory and spatial navigation, but previous research has mostly neglected the CA2, a unique region situated between CA3 and CA1. Here, we show that CA2 pyramidal neurons have distinctive physiological characteristics that include an unprecedented synaptic stability. Although basal synaptic currents in CA1 and CA2 are quite similar, synaptic plasticity including long-term potentiation and long-term depression is absent or less likely to be induced with conventional methods of stimulation in CA2. We also find that CA2 neurons have larger leak currents and more negative resting membrane potentials than CA1 neurons, and consequently, more current is required for action potential generation in CA2 neurons. These data suggest that the molecular "conspiracy against plasticity" in CA2 makes it functionally distinct from the other hippocampal CA regions. This work provides critical insight into hippocampal function and may lead to an understanding of the resistance of CA2 to damage from disease, trauma, and hypoxia. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dudek, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, POB 12233,MD F2-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dudek@niehs.nih.gov OI Dudek, Serena M./0000-0003-4094-8368 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100221-06]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS47176] NR 51 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 44 BP 12025 EP 12032 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4094-07.2007 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 226HB UT WOS:000250577600033 PM 17978044 ER PT J AU Orlando, EF Bass, DE Caltabiano, LM Davis, WP Gray, LE Guillette, LJ AF Orlando, Edward F. Bass, Danielle E. Caltabiano, Lisa M. Davis, William P. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Altered development and reproduction in mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent in the Fenholloway River, Florida USA SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complex mixtures; endocrine disrupting chemicals; environmental androgen; viviparous ID GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS-AFFINIS; SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS; ANAL FIN; WESTERN MOSQUITOFISH; APPENDICULAR SUPPORT; FEMALE MOSQUITOFISH; POECILIA-RETICULATA; ABNORMAL EXPRESSION; MASCULINIZATION; HOLBROOKI AB Female mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PME) in the Fenholloway River, Florida, USA have masculinized secondary sex characteristics and altered aromatase enzyme activity. We and others have shown that the Fenholloway River PME contains androgenic and progestogenic substance(s). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the development and reproductive health of PME-exposed Fenholloway River mosquitofish are altered compared to mosquitofish living in Econfina River, which is the reference site. Fish were collected on a single day from both sites in June and August 1999 and January and June 2000. We compared standard length, anal fin length and segment number; body, liver, and gonad mass; and number of eggs and embryos from Fenholloway and Econfina River mosquitofish. The data were analyzed collectively for generalized site effect, for site effects during reproductive and nonreproductive seasons, and for repeatability of site effects, between years. Mosquitofish exposed to PME in the Fenholloway River were generally smaller in length and mass, anal fin segment number was greater, and the number of embryos, but not oocytes, was significantly decreased compared to the reference site fish. Anal fin length and segment number and liver and testis masses were generally greater in Fenholloway compared to the Econfina River males. The importance of this study is that we have documented masculinized development and decreased embryo production in PME-exposed mosquitofish and that these site effects are generally consistent across seasons and between years. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Campus, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, NHEERI, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, NHEERI, Res Triangle Div Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Orlando, EF (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Campus, 5775 Old Dixie Hwy, North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM eorlando@fau.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.06.018 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 216JR UT WOS:000249874800001 PM 17697720 ER PT J AU Liu, XB Cheng, KT Bandyopadhyay, BC Pani, B Dietrich, A Paria, BC Swaim, WD Beech, D Yildrim, E Singh, BB Birnbaumer, L Ambudkar, IS AF Liu, Xibao Cheng, Kwong Tai Bandyopadhyay, Bidhan C. Pani, Biswaranjan Dietrich, Alexander Paria, Biman C. Swaim, William D. Beech, David Yildrim, Eda Singh, Brij B. Birnbaumer, Lutz Ambudkar, Indu S. TI Attenuation of store-operated Ca2+ current impairs salivary gland fluid secretion in TRPC1(-/-) mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE transient receptor potential; canonical; Ca2+ entry; acinar cells; muscarinic receptor ID CRAC CHANNEL; CALCIUM-ENTRY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ORAI PROTEINS; TRPC CHANNELS; ACINAR-CELLS; STIM1; RECEPTOR; INFLUX; DEPLETION AB Agonist-induced Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels is suggested to regulate a wide variety of cellular functions, including salivary gland fluid secretion. However, the molecular components of these channels and their physiological function(s) are largely unknown. Here we report that attenuation of SOC current underlies salivary gland dysfunction in mice lacking transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1). Neurotransmitter-regulated salivary gland fluid secretion in TRPC1-deficient TRPC1(-/-) mice was severely decreased (by 70%). Further, agonist- and thapsigargin-stimulated SOC channel activity was significantly reduced in salivary gland acinar cells isolated from TRPC1(-/-) mice. Deletion of TRPC1 also eliminated sustained Ca2+-dependent potassium channel activity, which depends on Ca2+ entry and is required for fluid secretion. Expression of key proteins involved in fluid secretion and Ca2+ signaling, including STIM1 and other TRPC channels, was not altered. Together, these data demonstrate that reduced SOC entry accounts for the severe loss of salivary gland fluid secretion in TRPC1(-/-) mice. Thus, TRPC1 is a critical component of the SOC channel in salivary gland acinar cells and is essential for neurotransmitter-regulation of fluid secretion. C1 NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Trasduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Dent & Craniofac Res, Gene Therapy & Therapeut Branch, Sectory Physiol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Philipps Univ, Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. Univ Leeds, Inst Mem & Syst Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Trasduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lutz.birnbaumer@nih.hhs.gov; indu.ambudkar@nih.gov RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; OI Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707; Singh, Brij/0000-0003-0535-5997 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017699, P20 RR017699-077011]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE017102, R01 DE017102, R01 DE017102-01A1, R01 DE017102-02, R01 DE017102-03]; Wellcome Trust [060988] NR 48 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 44 BP 17542 EP 17547 DI 10.1073/pnas.0701254104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 227DW UT WOS:000250638400056 PM 17956991 ER PT J AU Qu, W Liu, J Fuquay, R Saavedra, JE Keefer, LK Waalkes, MP AF Qu, Wei Liu, Jie Fuquay, Richard Saavedra, Joseph E. Keefer, Larry K. Waalkes, Michael P. TI The nitric oxide prodrug, V-PYRRO/NO, mitigates arsenic-induced liver cell toxicity and apoptosis SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE V-PYRRO/NO; arsenic; apoptotic resistance; in uitro; liver cells ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; TRIOXIDE AS2O3; METALLOTHIONEIN; DONOR; MICE; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; PATHWAY AB Arsenite is an important cancer chemotherapeutic. The liver is a major target tissue of arsenic toxicity and hepatotoxicity may limit its chemotherapeutic efficacy. O-2 -vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-l-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO) is a liver-selective nitric oxide (NO)-producing prodrug metabolized by hepatic P450 enzymes to release NO locally. V-PYRRO/NO protects against various organic or inorganic hepatotoxicants but any role in arsenic hepatotoxicity is undefined. Thus, we studied the effects of V-PYRRO/NO (0-1000 mu M) pretreatment on inorganic arsenic-induced toxicity in cultured rat liver (TRL 1215) cells. These cells metabolized the prodrug to release NO, producing extracellular nitrite levels to 41.7-fold above control levels (7.50 +/- 0.38 mu M) after 24 h V-PYRRO/NO (1000 mu M) exposure. The effect of pretreatment with V-PYRRO/NO (24 h) on the cytolethality of arsenic (as NaAsO2,) exposure (24 h) was assessed. Arsenic was markedly less toxic in V-PYRRO/NO pretreated cells (LC50 = 30.3 mu) compared to control (LC50 20.1 mu M) and the increases in LC50 showed a direct relationship to the level of NO produced (measured as nitrite). Consistent with the cytolethality data, V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment markedly reduced arsenic-induced apoptosis as assessed by DNA fragmentation. Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway can be critical to apoptosis and pretreatment with VPYRRO/NO suppressed arsenic-induced JNK activation. V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment modestly increased metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein, but greatly enhanced arsenic induction of MT. Thus, V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment directly mitigates arsenic toxicity in cultured liver cells, reducing cytolethality, apoptosis and related JNK pathway activation, apparently through generation of NO. The role of NO in reducing the hepatotoxicity of arsenical chemotherapeutics in vivo deserves additional study. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 NCI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Inorgan Carcinogenet Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Chem Sect, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NCI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Inorgan Carcinogenet Sect, POB 12233,Mail Drop F0-09,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC005488-21, Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [N01-C0-012400]; PHS HHS [N01-C012400] NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2007 VL 256 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.06.009 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 222VZ UT WOS:000250327100009 PM 17658681 ER PT J AU Garantziotis, S Palmer, SM Snyder, LD Ganous, T Chen, BJ Wang, T Cook, DN Schwartz, DA AF Garantziotis, Stavros Palmer, Scott M. Snyder, Laurie D. Ganous, Tonya Chen, Benny J. Wang, Tie Cook, Donald N. Schwartz, David A. TI Alloimmune lung injury induced by local innate immune activation through inhaled lipopolysaccharide SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE bronchiolitis obliterans; allograft rejection; innate immunity; toll-like receptor-4. ID IDIOPATHIC PNEUMONIA SYNDROME; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION; ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS; TOLL; RANTES; HYALURONAN; EXPRESSION AB Background. Alloimmune lung injury, characterized by perivascular lymphocytic inflammation, lymphocytic bronchiolitis (LB), and obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), causes substantial morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation and bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but little is known regarding its pathogenesis. We have developed and pursued the hypothesis that local activation of pulmonary innate immunity through toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is critical to the development of posttransplant alloimmune lung injury. Methods. We developed a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched murine BMT model without systemic graft-versus-host disease, and challenged mice with aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a prototypic TLR4 agonist, to determine the effect upon pulmonary alloimmune lung injury. Results. LPS-exposed allogeneic BMT recipient mice developed histological and biological features of LB and 013, which were not observed in non-LPS-exposed allogeneic controls or syngeneic LPS-exposed mice. LPS-induced lymphocytic lung inflammation was dependent upon intact TLR4 signaling in donor-derived hematopoietic cells but not recipient structural lung cells, demonstrating a distinct function for TLR4 on hematopoietic cells in mediating alloimmunity. Conclusions. We demonstrate a critical role for localized, environmentally induced innate immune activation in promoting alloimmune lung injury. Local inhibition of TLR4 signaling in pulmonary resident C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Garantziotis, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Box 12233,MD E1-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM garantziotis@niehs.nih.gov RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [P50HL-084917, HL69978, K23 HL069978, P50 HL084917] NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD OCT 27 PY 2007 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1019 DI 10.1097/01.tp.0000286040.85007.89 PG 8 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 225CT UT WOS:000250495400011 PM 17989607 ER PT J AU Laali, KK Chun, JH Okazaki, T Kumar, S Borosky, GL Swartz, C AF Laali, Kenneth K. Chun, Joong-Hyun Okazaki, Takao Kumar, Subodh Borosky, Gabriela L. Swartz, Carol TI Electrophilic chemistry of Thia-PAHs: Stable carbocations (NMR and DFT), S-Alkylated onium salts, model electrophilic substitutions (Nitration and bromination), and mutagenicity assay SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STRANDED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DIHYDRODIOL METABOLITES; OXIDIZED METABOLITES; SULFUR HETEROCYCLES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; DERIVATIVES; PHENANTHRIDINIUM; ETHIDIUM; DNA AB First examples of stable carbocations are reported from several classes of thia-PAHs with four fused rings, namely, benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene (1) and its 3-methoxy derivative (2), phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophene (3) and its 7-methoxy (4), 10-methoxy (5), and 9-methoxy (6) derivatives, phenanthro[3,4-b]thiophene (7) and its 7-methoxy (8) and 9-methoxy (9) derivatives, and 3-methoxybenzo[b]naphtha[1,2d]thiophene (11). In several cases, the resulting carbocations were also studied by GIAO-DFT. Charge delocalization modes in the resulting carbocations were probed. A series of S-alkylated onium tetrafluoroborates, namely, 1Me(+), 1Et(+), 2Et(+), and 7Me(+) (from 1, 2, and 7), 10Me(+) and 10Et(+) (from benzo [b] naphtha[1,2-d]thiophene 10), 12Me(+) and 12Et(+) (from phenanthro[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene 12), 13Me(+) (from 3-methoxyphenanthro[3,2-b]benzothiophene 13), 14Me(+) (from phenanthro[4,3-b][l]benzothiophene 14), and 15Me(+) (from 3-methoxyphenanthro[4,3-b][I]benzothiophene 15), were synthesized. PAH-sulfonium salts 1Me(+), 1Et(+), 10Me(+), 10Et+, 12Me(+), and 14Me(+) proved to be efficient akylating agents toward model nitrogen nucleophile receptors (imidazole and azaindole). Facile transalkylation to model nucleophiles (including guanine) is also supported by favorable reaction energies computed by DFT. Ring opening energies in thia-PAH-epoxides from 1, 3, and 7 and charge delocalization modes in the resulting carbocations were also evaluated. The four-ring-fused thia-PAHs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11 are effectively nitrated under extremely mild conditions. Nitration regioselectivity corresponds closely to protonation under stable ion conditions. Bromination of 4 and 6 is also reported. Comparative mutagenicity assays (Ames test) were performed on 1 versus 1NO(2), 5 versus 5NO(2), and 11 versus 11NO(2). Compound 5NO(2) was found to be a potent direct acting mutagen. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Environm Toxicol & Chem Lab, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Quim, INFIQC, Unidad Matemat & Fis, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Laali, KK (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM klaali@kent.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [2R15-CA078235-02A1, R15 CA078235, R15 CA078235-02A1] NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 22 BP 8383 EP 8393 DI 10.1021/jo701502y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 223BJ UT WOS:000250344300028 PM 17910504 ER PT J AU Smith, MV Miller, CR Kohn, M Walker, NJ Portier, CJ AF Smith, Marjo V. Miller, Chris R. Kohn, Michael Walker, Nigel J. Portier, Chris J. TI Absolute estimation of initial concentrations of amplicon in a real-time RT-PCR process SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID DNA AMPLIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; KINETIC PCR; CURVE; MODEL AB Background: Since real time PCR was first developed, several approaches to estimating the initial quantity of template in an RT-PCR reaction have been tried. While initially only the early thermal cycles corresponding to exponential duplication were used, lately there has been an effort to use all of the cycles in a PCR. The efforts have included both fitting empirical sigmoid curves and more elaborate mechanistic models that explore the chemical reactions taking place during each cycle. The more elaborate mechanistic models require many more parameters than can be fit from a single amplification, while the empirical models provide little insight and are difficult to tailor to specific reactants. Results: We directly estimate the initial amount of amplicon using a simplified mechanistic model based on chemical reactions in the annealing step of the PCR. The basic model includes the duplication of DNA with the digestion of Taqman probe and the re-annealing between previously synthesized DNA strands of opposite orientation. By modelling the amount of Taqman probe digested and matching that with the observed fluorescence, the conversion factor between the number of fluorescing dye molecules and observed fluorescent emission can be estimated, along with the absolute initial amount of amplicon and the rate parameter for re-annealing. The model is applied to several PCR reactions with known amounts of amplicon and is shown to work reasonably well. An expanded version of the model allows duplication of amplicon without release of fluorescent dye, by adding 1 more parameter to the model. The additional process is helpful in most cases where the initial primer concentration exceeds the initial probe concentration. Software for applying the algorithm to data may be downloaded at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software/pcranalyzer/ Conclusion: We present proof of the principle that a mechanistically based model can be fit to observations from a single PCR amplification. Initial amounts of amplicon are well estimated without using a standard solution. Using the ratio of the predicted initial amounts of amplicon from 2 PCRs is shown to work well even when the absolute amounts of amplicon are underestimated in the individual PCRs. C1 [Smith, Marjo V.] Constella Grp, Durham, NC USA. [Miller, Chris R.; Kohn, Michael; Walker, Nigel J.; Portier, Chris J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Smith, MV (reprint author), Constella Grp, Suite 200,2605 Meridian Pky, Durham, NC USA. EM msmith@constellagroup.com; MillerCR@appliedbiosystems.com; kohn@niehs.nih.gov; Walker3@niehs.nih.gov; Portier@niehs.nih.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 FU PHS HHS [GS-00F-0003L] NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 409 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-409 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 253WW UT WOS:000252549300001 PM 17956631 ER PT J AU Church, CD Wilkin, RT Alpers, CN Rye, RO McCleskey, RB AF Church, Clinton D. Wilkin, Richard T. Alpers, Charles N. Rye, Robert O. McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Microbial sulfate reduction and metal attenuation in pH 4 acid mine water SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REDUCING BACTERIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HEAVY-METALS; SP-NOV; DRAINAGE; SULFIDE; SEDIMENTS; SULFUR; SYSTEM AB Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Water-chemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H(2)S of Cu and Cd, relative to Zn; (2) stable isotope ratios of (34)S/(32)S and (18)O/(16)O in dissolved SO(4) that are 2-3 parts per thousand heavier in the mine water, relative to those in surface waters; (3) reduction/ oxidation conditions and dissolved gas concentrations consistent with conditions to support anaerobic processes such as sulfate reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of sediment show 1.5-micrometer, spherical ZnS precipitates. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of Penn Mine sediment show a high biomass level with a moderately diverse community structure composed primarily of iron-and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultures of sediment from the mine produced dissolved sulfide at pH values near 7 and near 4, forming precipitates of either iron sulfide or elemental sulfur. DGGE coupled with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene segments showed populations of Desulfosporosinus and Desulfitobacterium in Penn Mine sediment and laboratory cultures. C1 [Church, Clinton D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Church, Clinton D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Church, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM clinton.church@ars.usda.gov; wilkin.rick@epa.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; rrye@usgs.gov; rbmccles@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-8-10 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 255LR UT WOS:000252660000001 PM 17956615 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Schaefer, FW AF Miller, Thomas A. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Methylprednisolone acetate immune suppression produces differing effects on Cryptosporidium muris oocyst production depending on when administered SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cqptosporidium muris; immunosuppression; glucocorticoids; methylprednisolone acetate; oocysts; lymphocytes ID FREEZE-FRACTURE; INFECTION; MICE; PARVUM; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; ANIMALS AB At different times after inoculation with Cryptosporidium muris, infected CF-1 female mice were immunosuppressed with a single subcutaneous dose of methylprednisolone acetate (NIPA; 600 mg/kg). NIPA immunosuppression decreases circulating CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes by greater than 90% for approximately 14 days with numbers not returning to pre-suppression levels until after 41 days post-suppression. Immuno suppression was initiated at selected times before, during, and after oocyst production. Immunosuppression initiated prior to oocyst production delayed the start of production by 4-5 days and extended oocyst shedding by 16 days. Initiation of immunosuppression during oocyst production both extended oocyst shedding and greatly increased the number of oocysts shed per day over most of the extended shedding period. Immunosuppression during the decline of oocyst production resulted in only a moderate extension of shedding and a moderate increase in oocyst numbers. Immunosuppression initiated soon after oocyst shedding had ceased resulted in the re-initiation of limited oocyst production for only a few days. Suppression initiated on days 40 and 46 post-infection, 11 and 17 days after oocysts could no longer be detected in the feces, did not result in a resumption of oocyst production. In all cases, where oocyst production was extended or reinitiated, the shedding of oocysts halted between days 45 and 53 post-oocyst inoculation. These studies demonstrate that the effect of NIPA immunosuppression depends on the immunologic conditions existing in the host at the time immunosuppression was initiated. Immunosuppression initiated during oocyst production allows an overwhelming parasitism to exist, implying that T- and B-lymphocytes play an important role in moving the host immune process along during this period of the infection. Conversely, severe suppression of T- and B-lymphocytes initiated as oocyst production is decreasing does not result in a complete relapse of the disease suggesting that T- and B-lymphocytes are not critical to the continuation of the immune process after this point. These studies also show that the C. muris infection persists beyond the end of the detection of oocysts in the feces. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schaefer.Frank@epa.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 21 PY 2007 VL 149 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.005 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 220UN UT WOS:000250182900010 PM 17719178 ER PT J AU DellaVecchia, MJ Merrittt, WK Peng, Y Kirby, TW DeRose, EF Mueller, GA Van Houten, B London, RE AF DellaVecchia, Matthew J. Merrittt, W. Keither Peng, Ye Kirby, Thomas W. DeRose, Eugene F. Mueller, Geoffrey A. Van Houten, Bennett London, Robert E. TI NMR analysis of [methyl-C-13]methionine UvrB from Bacillus caldotenax reveals UvrB-domain 4 heterodimer formation in solution SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UvrB; nucleoticle excision repair (NER); NMR; surface plasmon; resonance [methyl-C-13]methionine UvrB ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; PROBING PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOLVENT PERTURBATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATPASE ACTIVITY; DNA-REPAIR; SIDE-CHAIN; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; COMPLEX AB UvrB is a central DNA damage recognition protein involved in bacterial nucleotide excision repair. Structural information has been limited by the apparent disorder of the C-terminal domain 4 in crystal structures of intact UvrB; in solution, the isolated domain 4 is found to form a helix-loop-helix dimer. In order to gain insight into the behavior of UvrB in solution, we have performed NMR studies on [methyl(-13)C]methionine-labeled UvrB from Bacillus caldotenax(molecular mass=75 kDa). The 13 methyl resonances were assigned on the basis of site-directed mutagenesis and domain deletion. Solvent accessibility was assessed based on the relaxation and chemical shift responses of the probe methyl resonances to the stable nitroxide, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL). M632, located at the potential dimer interface of domain 4, provides an ideal probe for UvrB dimerization behavior. The M632 resonance of UvrB is very broad, consistent with some degree of monomer-dimer exchange and/ or conformational instability of the exposed dimer interface. Upon addition of unlabeled domain 4 peptide, the M632 resonance of UvrB sharpens and shifts to a position consistent with a UvrB-domain 4 heterodimer. A dissociation constant (K-D) value of 3.3 mu M for the binding constant of UvrB with the domain 4 peptide was derived from surface plasmon resonance studies. Due to the flexibility of the domain 3-4 linker, inferred from limited proteolysis data and from the relaxation behavior of linker residue M607, the position of domain 4 is constrained not by the stiffness of the linking segment but by direct interactions with domains 1-3 in UvrB. In summary, UvrB homodimerization is disfavored, while domain 4 homodimerization and UvrB-domain 4 heterodimerization are allowed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIH, Natl Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Van Houten, B (reprint author), NIH, Natl Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM vanhout1@niehs.nih.gov; london@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050111-19, Z01 ES061060-09] NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 19 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 2 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.045 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 222MZ UT WOS:000250302900005 PM 17822711 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Xiao, B Wang, Y Xiong, XJ Zeldin, DC AF Wang, Dao Wen Xiao, Bin Wang, Yong Xiong, Xiaojun Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Overexpression of arachidonic acid cytochrome p450 expoxygenases prevents the development of high blood pressure via enhancing atrial natriuretic peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Wang, Dao Wen; Xiao, Bin; Wang, Yong; Xiong, Xiaojun] Tongji Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Xiao, Bin/E-1875-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394300065 ER PT J AU Larsen, BT Miura, H Myers, CR Campbell, WB Zeldin, DC Gutterman, DD AF Larsen, Brandon T. Miura, Hiroto Myers, Charles R. Campbell, William B. Zeldin, Darryl C. Gutterman, David D. TI Hydrogen peroxide modulates bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the human coronary microcirculation by directly inhibiting cytochrome p450 epoxygenases SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Larsen, Brandon T.; Miura, Hiroto; Myers, Charles R.; Campbell, William B.; Gutterman, David D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S MA 1136 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394301063 ER PT J AU Kohler, JJ Hosseini, S Day, B Saada, A Elpeleg, O Copeland, W Lewis, W AF Kohler, James J. Hosseini, Seyed Day, Brian Saada, Ann Elpeleg, Orly Copeland, William Lewis, William TI Cardiac targeted transgenic models of mutations in TK2 or Pol gamma genes result in ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and cardiac hypertrophy SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Kohler, James J.; Hosseini, Seyed; Lewis, William] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Day, Brian] Natl Jewish Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Saada, Ann; Elpeleg, Orly] Hadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Copeland, William] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S MA 1473 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394301399 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Valero, JR AF Verma, Mausam Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Valero, J. R. TI Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: Panoply of biological control SO BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE antagonism; biocontrol agents; microbial propagules; Trichoderma spp.; wastewater; wastewater sludge ID EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; COMPOSTED CHICKEN MANURE; WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; REESEI RUT C-30; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; IN-VITRO; CELLULASE PRODUCTION; BIOCONTROL AGENT; DAMPING-OFF; WOOD DECAY AB Trichoderma spp. have been widely used as antagonistic fungal agents against several pests as well as plant growth enhancers. Faster metabolic rates, anti-microbial metabolites, and physiological conformation are key factors which chiefly contribute to antagonism of these fungi. Mycoparasitism, spatial and nutrient competition, antibiosis by enzymes and secondary metabolites, and induction of plant defence system are typical biocontrol actions of these fungi. On the other hand, Trichoderma spp. have also been used in a wide range of commercial enzyme productions, namely, cellulases, hemicellulases, proteases, and beta-1,3-glucanase. Information on the classification of the genus, Trichoderma, mechanisms of antagonism and role in plant growth promotion has been well documented. However, fast paced current research in this field should be carefully updated for the fool-proof commercialization of the fungi. The aim of this review is to sum up the BCA activity potential of these fungi and to shed light on commercial production processes. In this regard, this review focuses on Trichoderma spp. discussing different aspects-pest control, growth promotion, bioremediation, production processes and market values. Nevertheless, more research and review of the information regarding these biocontrol agents are needed to exploit their actual potential, which is the salient objective of this review. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490,Rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 202 TC 164 Z9 190 U1 7 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1369-703X J9 BIOCHEM ENG J JI Biochem. Eng. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.bej.2007.05.012 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 230VF UT WOS:000250903500001 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Valentine, RL AF Duirk, Stephen E. Valentine, Richard L. TI Bromide oxidation and formation of dihaloacetic acids in chloraminated water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MONOCHLORAMINE; CHLORINATION; KINETICS; ION; MODEL AB A comprehensive reaction model was developed that incorporates the effect of bromide on monochloramine loss and formation of bromine and chlorine containing dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs) in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). Reaction pathways accounted for the oxidation of bromide to active bromine (Br(I)) species, catalyzed monochloramine autodecomposition, NOM oxidation, and halogen incorporation into DHAAs. The reaction scheme incorporates a simplified reaction pathway describing the formation and termination of Br(l). In the absence of NOM, the model adequately predicted bromide catalyzed monochloramine autodecomposition. The Br(I). reaction rate coefficients are 4 orders of magnitude greater than HOCl for the same NOM sources under chloramination conditions. Surprisingly, the rate of NOM oxidation by Br(I) was faster than bromide catalyzed monochloramine autodecomposition by Br(I) so that the latter reactions could largely be ignored in the presence of NOM. Incorporation of bromine and chlorine into DHAAs was proportional to the amount of NOM oxidized by each halogen and modeled using simple bromine (alpha(Br)) and chlorine (alpha(Cl)) incorporation coefficients. Both coefficients were found to be independent of each other and alpha(Br) was one-half the value of alpha(Cl). This indicates that chlorine incorporates itself into DHAA precursors more effectively than bromine. Model predictions compared well with DHAA measurements in the presence of increasing bromide concentrations and is attributable to the increased rate of NOM oxidation, which is rate limited by the oxidation of bromide ion in chloraminated systems. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Valentine, RL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM richard-valentine@uiowa.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7047 EP 7053 DI 10.1021/es070753m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TJ UT WOS:000250110800030 PM 17993146 ER PT J AU Curran, MA AF Curran, Mary Ann TI Studying the effect on system preference by varying coproduct allocation in creating life-cycle inventory SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC ALLOCATION; PRODUCTS AB How one models the input and output data for a life-cycle assessment (LCA) can greatly affect the results. Although much attention has been paid to allocation methodology by researchers in the field, specific guidance is still lacking. Earlier research focused on the effects of applying various allocation schemes to industrial processes when creating life-cycle inventories. To determine the impact of different allocation approaches upon product choice, this study evaluated the gas- and water-phase emissions during the production, distribution, and use of three hypothetical fuel systems (data that represent conventional gasoline and gasoline with 8.7 and 85% ethanol were used as the basis for modeling). This paper presents an explanation of the allocation issue and the results from testing various allocation schemes (weight, volume, market value, energy, and demand-based) when viewed across the entire system. Impact indicators for global warming, ozone depletion, and human health noncancer (water impact) were lower for the ethanol-containing fuels, while impact indicators for acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, human health criteria, and photochemical smog were lower for conventional gasoline (impacts for the water-related human health cancer category showed mixed results). The relative ranking of conventional gasoline in relation to the ethanol-containing fuels was consistent in all instances, suggesting that, in this case study, the choice of allocation methodology had no impact on indicating which fuel has lower environmental impacts. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7145 EP 7151 DI 10.1021/es070033f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TJ UT WOS:000250110800045 PM 17993161 ER PT J AU Mahajan, R Blair, A Coble, J Lynch, CF Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Alavanja, MCR AF Mahajan, Rajeev Blair, Aaron Coble, Joseph Lynch, Charles F. Hoppin, Jane A. Sandler, Dale P. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Carbaryl exposure and incident cancer in the Agricultural Health Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE agriculture; carbamates; carbaryl; insecticides; neoplasms; occupational exposure ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; CHROMATID EXCHANGES; NITROSO-COMPOUNDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RISK-FACTORS; AH RECEPTOR; COSTA-RICA AB Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide with a broad spectrum of uses in agricultural, commercial and household settings. It has previously been linked with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but studies of cancer risk in humans are limited. We examined occupational carbaryl use and risk of all cancers in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of a cohort of pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa. This analysis included 21,416 subjects (1,291 cases) enrolled from 1993-1997 and followed for cancer incidence through 2003. Pesticide exposure and other data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) while controlling for potential confounders. Carbaryl was not associated with cancer risk overall. Relative to subjects who never used carbaryl, melanoma risk was elevated with >175 lifetime exposure-days (RR = 4.11; 95%CI, 1.33-12.75; p-trend = 0.07), >10 years of use (RR 3.19; 95%CI, 1.28-7.92; p-trend = 0.04), or >10 days of use per year (RR = 5.50; 95%CI, 2.19-13.84; p-trend < 0.001). Risk remained after adjusting for sunlight exposure. Although not significant, there appeared to be a trend of decreasing prostate cancer risk with increasing level of exposure. A small increase in NHL risk was observed using some, but not all, exposure measures. No associations were observed with other examined cancer sites. Because the observed results were not hypothesized a priori and because of limited study of their biological plausibility, they should be interpreted with caution. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8000, MSC, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 45 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1799 EP 1805 DI 10.1002/ijc.22836 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 211EX UT WOS:000249508200022 PM 17534892 ER PT J AU de Vlaming, V Biales, A Riordan, D Markiewicz, D Holmes, R Otis, P Zander, R Lazorchak, J AF de Vlaming, V. Biales, A. Riordan, D. Markiewicz, D. Holmes, R. Otis, P. Zander, R. Lazorchak, J. TI Screening California surface waters for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDC) trout liver vitellogenin with a juvenile rainbow mRNA procedure SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE estrogenic endocrine disruption; vitellogenin mRNA; rainbow trout; California surface waters ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; SAND GOBY POMATOSCHISTUS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; END-POINTS; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PLASMA VITELLOGENIN AB Concern regarding the occurrence of chemicals that disrupt endocrine system functions in aquatic species has heightened over the last 15 years. However, little attention has been given to monitoring for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) in California's freshwater ecosystems. The objective was to screen surface water samples for estrogenic activity using vitellogenin (Vtg) mRNA quantification in livers of juvenile rainbow trout by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT PCR). Vtg mRNA analysis of livers from fish exposed to 113 ambient water samples collected from surface waters in California's Central Valley and northern area indicated that six samples (5% of total) may have contained EEDCs. The six samples induced marginal, but statistically significant, increases of Vtg mRNA. No ambient water sample evoked Vtg mRNA responses equivalent to those in positive controls (all responses were less than 2% of the positive control response). Thus, EEDC concentrations in these samples were low (at or near the threshold for the procedure) or results may have included false positives. To establish a more definitive assessment of EEDC occurrence, follow-up screening at sites where statistically significant, but weak, estrogenic activity was observed is recommended. Overall, results reveal that a majority of the California surface waters tested were below EEDC detection threshold concentration for the screening procedure utilized. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Div Environm Serv, Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cent Valley Reg Water Qualit Control Board, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. N Coast Reg Water Qualit Control Board, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP de Vlaming, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, 1321 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vldevlaming@ucdavis.edu NR 68 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 385 IS 1-3 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.026 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 223FP UT WOS:000250355300008 PM 17644162 ER PT J AU Yan, J Yang, XP Kim, YS Joo, JH Jetten, AM AF Yan, Jun Yang, Xiao-Ping Kim, Yong-Sik Joo, Joung Hyuck Jetten, Anton M. TI RAP80 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is a novel target for sumoylation SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE RAP80; UBC9; SUMO-1; sumoylation ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UBIQUITIN; PROTEIN; REPAIR; BRCA1; RECEPTOR; COMPLEX; ALPHA AB RAP80, a nuclear protein with two functional ubiquitin-interaction motifs (UlMs) at its N-terminus, plays a critical role in the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha and DNA damage response signaling. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 as a protein interacting with RAP80. The interaction of RAP80 with UBC9 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down analyses. The region between aa 122-204 was critical for the interaction of RAP80 with UBC9. In addition, we demonstrate that RAP80 is a target for SUMO-I modification in intact cells. Expression of UBC9 enhanced RAP80 mono-sumoylation and also induced multi-sumoylation of RAP80. In addition to SUMO-1, RAP80 was efficiently conjugated to SUMO-3 but was only a weak substrate for SUMO-2 conjugation. These findings suggest that sumoylation plays a role in the regulation of RAP80 functions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Cell Biol Sect, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jetten, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Cell Biol Sect, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jetten@nichs.nih.gov OI Jetten, Anton/0000-0003-0954-4445 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100485-06] NR 32 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.158 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 208ZK UT WOS:000249357700022 PM 17698038 ER PT J AU Ward, WO Swartz, CD Porwollik, S Warren, SH Hanley, NM Knapp, GW McClelland, M DeMarini, DM AF Ward, William O. Swartz, Carol D. Porwollik, Steffen Warren, Sarah H. Hanley, Nancy M. Knapp, Geremy W. McClelland, Michael DeMarini, David M. TI Toxicogenomic analysis incorporating operon-transcriptional coupling and toxicant concentration-expression response: analysis of MX-treated Salmonella SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CDNA MICROARRAYS; LEXA-REGULON; BY-PRODUCT; IN-VITRO; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; GENES AB Background: Deficiencies in microarray technology cause unwanted variation in the hybridization signal, obscuring the true measurements of intracellular transcript levels. Here we describe a general method that can improve microarray analysis of toxicant-exposed cells that uses the intrinsic power of transcriptional coupling and toxicant concentration-expression response data. To illustrate this approach, we characterized changes in global gene expression induced in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the primary mutagen in chlorinated drinking water. We used the co-expression of genes within an operon and the monotonic increases or decreases in gene expression relative to increasing toxicant concentration to augment our identification of differentially expressed genes beyond Bayesian-t analysis. Results: Operon analysis increased the number of altered genes by 95% from the list identified by a Bayesian t-test of control to the highest concentration of MX. Monotonic analysis added 46% more genes. A functional analysis of the resulting 448 differentially expressed genes yielded functional changes beyond what would be expected from only the mutagenic properties of MX. In addition to gene-expression changes in DNA-damage response, MX induced changes in expression of genes involved in membrane transport and porphyrin metabolism, among other biological processes. The disruption of porphyrin metabolism might be attributable to the structural similarity of MX, which is a chlorinated furanone, to ligands indigenous to the porphyrin metabolism pathway. Interestingly, our results indicate that the lexA regulon in Salmonella, which partially mediates the response to DNA damage, may contain only 60% of the genes present in this regulon in E. coli. In addition, nanH was found to be highly induced by MX and contains a putative lexA regulatory motif in its regulatory region, suggesting that it may be regulated by lexA. Conclusion: Operon and monotonic analyses improved the determination of differentially expressed genes beyond that of Bayesian-t analysis, showing that MX alters cellular metabolism involving pathways other than DNA damage. Because co-expression of similarly functioning genes also occurs in eukaryotes, this method has general applicability for improving analysis of toxicogenomic data. C1 [Ward, William O.; Warren, Sarah H.; Hanley, Nancy M.; Knapp, Geremy W.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Swartz, Carol D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Porwollik, Steffen; McClelland, Michael] Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.william@epa.gov; swartz.carol@epa.gov; sporwollik@skcc.org; warren.sarah@epa.gov; hanley.nancy@epa.gov; knapp.geremy@epa.gov; mmcclelland@skcc.org; demarini.david@epa.gov RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011; OI McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 9 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 378 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-378 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 259JY UT WOS:000252936800001 PM 17925033 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Biginelli reaction in aqueous medium: a greener and sustainable approach to substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biginelli reaction; 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones; polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA); aqueous medium; microwave irradiation; greener; sustainable ID ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; OCTAHYDROQUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; EFFICIENT; CATALYST; WATER; ACID AB An environmentally benign aqueous Biginelli protocol for the synthesis of substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(l H) -ones using polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA) as a catalyst has been achieved. These microwave-assisted reactions proceed efficiently in water in the absence of organic solvent, with simple filtration as the product isolation step. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 27 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 41 BP 7343 EP 7346 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.031 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 215ZD UT WOS:000249846600022 ER PT J AU Lee, J Wolf, D Allen, J Ward, W Corton, C AF Lee, Janice Wolf, Douglas Allen, James Ward, William Corton, Chris TI Gene expression profiling in aging rats and mice reveals changes in xenobiotic metabolism genes SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2007 VL 172 MA Z26 BP S231 EP S231 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.582 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 222CM UT WOS:000250273700526 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, Rita TI A changing paradigm: US EPA's 2005 guidelines for cancer risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2007 VL 172 BP S21 EP S21 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.081 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 222CM UT WOS:000250273700049 ER PT J AU Thybaud, V Aardema, M Casciano, D Dellarco, V Embry, MR Gollapudi, BB Hayashi, M Holsapple, MP Jacobson-Kram, D Kasper, P MacGregor, JT Rees, R AF Thybaud, Veronique Aardema, Marilyn Casciano, Daniel Dellarco, Vicki Embry, Michelle R. Gollapudi, B. Bhaskar Hayashi, Makoto Holsapple, Michael P. Jacobson-Kram, David Kasper, Peter MacGregor, James T. Rees, Robert TI Relevance and follow-up of positive results in in vitro genetic toxicity assays: An ILSI-HESI initiative SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity; in vitro assays; carcinogenesis; workshop report ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE; CARCINOGENICITY DATA; GENOTOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; PHARMACEUTICALS; IDENTIFICATION; THRESHOLDS AB In vitro genotoxicity assays are often used to screen and predict whether chemicals might represent mutagenic and carcinogenic risks for humans. Recent discussions have focused on the high rate of positive results in in vitro tests, especially in those assays performed in mammalian cells that are not confirmed in vivo. Currently, there is no general consensus in the scientific community on the interpretation of the significance of positive results from the in vitro genotoxicity assays. To address this issue, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), held an international workshop in June 2006 to discuss the relevance and follow-up of positive results in in vitro genetic toxicity assays. The goals of the meeting were to examine ways to advance the scientific basis for the interpretation of positive findings in in vitro assays, to facilitate the development of follow-up testing strategies and to define criteria for determining the relevance to human health. The workshop identified specific needs in two general categories, i.e., improved testing and improved data interpretation and risk assessment. Recommendations to improve testing included: (1) re-examine the maximum level of cytotoxicity currently required for in vitro tests; (2) re-examine the upper limit concentration for in vitro mammalian studies; (3) develop improved testing strategies using current in vitro assays; (4) define criteria to guide selection of the appropriate follow-up in vivo studies; (5) develop new and more predictive in vitro and in vivo tests. Recommendations for improving interpretation and assessment included: (1) examine the suitability of applying the threshold of toxicological concern concepts to genotoxicity data; (2) develop a structured weight of evidence approach for assessing genotoxic/carcinogenic hazard; and (3) re-examine in vitro and in vivo correlations qualitatively and quantitatively. Conclusions from the workshop highlighted a willingness of scientists from various sectors to change and improve the current paradigm and move from a hazard identification approach to a "realistic" risk-based approach that incorporates information on mechanism of action, kinetics, and human exposure. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Sanofi Aventis, Drug Safety Evaluat, F-94400 Vitry Sur Seine, France. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA. Dan Casciano & Associates, Little Rock, AR 72223 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48642 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. Fed Inst Drugs & Med Devices, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. Toxicol Consulting Serv, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Genet Toxicol, Ware SG12 0DP, Herts, England. RP Embry, MR (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM membry@hesiglobal.org NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD OCT 4 PY 2007 VL 633 IS 2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.010 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 210XA UT WOS:000249487700001 PM 17616430 ER PT J AU Chu, SH AF Chu, Shao-Hang TI Long-term probabilistic forecast of climate impact on air quality: Model development and t* distribution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY AB [1] Models are great tools to test ideas. Their usefulness, however, depends on their ability to simulate the current reality and to predict the future. In this study, I have derived a new t* distribution. I show that a statistical model based on the t* distribution of station temporal data is capable of predicting the probability of any future outcome to exceed a specific value using only the currently available sample statistics assuming a normal random variable. In an air quality management application the model has demonstrated categorically an average success rate of over 80% both in simulating the current ozone nonattainment areas and in forecasting the rate of future violation of the 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards in the United States for up to 12 years. While the predictability of deterministic climate models is still limited by large uncertainties, the probabilistic forecast by this model provides a promising alternative in assessing the climate impact on environment for decades. C1 US EPA, Off Air Quality Plan & Standard, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chu, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Quality Plan & Standard, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chu.shao-hang@epa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D19 AR D19101 DI 10.1029/2007JD008564 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218WD UT WOS:000250045800001 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Richard, M Sandier, DP Umbach, DM Kamel, F AF Chen, Honglei Richard, Marie Sandier, Dale P. Umbach, David M. Kamel, Freya TI Head injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; craniocerebral trauma; head injuries; closed; head injuries; penetrating ID MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BRAIN-INJURY; TRAUMA; ASSOCIATION; PLAYERS; HISTORY; SOCCER; ALS AB Recent data showed that soccer players in Italy had an unusually high risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and that repeated head trauma might have contributed to this increase. The authors examined whether head injury was related to ALS risk in a case-control study of 109 New England ALS cases diagnosed in 1993-1996 and 255 matched controls. They also conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature. Overall, ever having experienced a head injury was nonsignificantly associated with a higher ALS risk. When compared with persons without a head injury, a statistically significant ALS risk elevation was found for participants with more than one head injury (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95 percent confidence interval (Cl): 1.2, 8.1) and patients who had had a head injury during the past 10 years (OR = 3.2, 95 percent Cl: 1.0, 10.2). For participants who had had multiple head injuries with the latest occurring in the past 10 years, risk was elevated more than 11-fold. The meta-analysis also indicated a moderately elevated risk of ALS among persons with previous head injuries (OR = 1.7, 95 percent Cl: 1.3, 2.2). In this study population, physical injuries to other body parts, including the trunk, arms, or legs, were not related to ALS risk. These data support the notion that head injury may increase the risk of ALS. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nat Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Westat Corp, Durham, NC USA. Nat Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 TW Alexander Dr,PO Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049005-16] NR 29 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 7 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm153 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 212PW UT WOS:000249610300009 PM 17641152 ER PT J AU Cherney, DP Ekman, DR Dix, DJ Collette, TW AF Cherney, Daniel P. Ekman, Drew R. Dix, David J. Collette, Timothy W. TI Raman spectroscopy-based metabolomics for differentiating exposures to triazole fungicides using rat urine SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; CREATININE MEASUREMENT; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; DRUG TOXICITY; BLOOD-PLASMA; MYCLOBUTANIL; METABONOMICS; TRIADIMEFON; PROFILES AB Normal Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as a metabolomic tool for assessing the impacts of exposure to environmental contaminants, using rat urine collected during the course of a toxicological study. Specifically, one of three triazole fungicides, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon, was administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 300, 300, or 175 mg/kg, respectively. Urine was collected from all three treatment groups and also from vehicle control rats on day six, following five consecutive days of exposure. Spectra were acquired with a CCD-based dispersive Raman spectrometer, using 785-nm diode laser excitation. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, urine samples were filtered through a stirred ultrafiltration cell with a 500 nominal molecular weight limit filter to remove large, unwanted urine components that can degrade the spectrum via fluorescence. However, a subsequent investigation suggested that suitable spectra can be obtained in a high-throughput fashion, with little or no Raman-specific sample preparation. For the sake of comparison, a parallel H-1 NMR-based metabolomic analysis was also conducted on the unfiltered samples. Results from multivariate data analysis demonstrated that the Raman method compares favorably with NMR in regard to the ability to differentiate responses from these three contaminants. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM collette.tim@epa.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 19 BP 7324 EP 7332 DI 10.1021/ac070856n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 216IF UT WOS:000249871000020 PM 17718537 ER PT J AU Small, DA Chang, W Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Small, David A. Chang, Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Comparative global transcription analysis of sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide on Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; sodium hypochlorite; peracetic acid; hydrogen peroxide; microarrays ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GENE-CLUSTER; TAURINE; CATABOLISM; RESISTANCE; IRON; DISINFECTANTS; DIOXYGENASE; INFECTIONS AB Disinfectants are routinely used in hospitals and health care facilities for surface sterilization. However, the mechanisms by which these disinfectants kill and the extent to which bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are resistant remains unclear. Consequently, P. aeruginosa nosocomial infections result in considerable casualties and economic hardship. Previously, DNA microarrays were utilized to analyze the genome-wide transcription changes in P. aeruginosa after oxidative antimicrobial (sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide) exposure. Simultaneous analysis of these transcriptome datasets provided a comprehensive understanding of the differential responses to these disinfectants. An analysis of variance, functional classification analysis, metabolic pathway analysis, Venn diagram analysis, and principal component analysis revealed that sodium hypochlorite exposure resulted in more genome-wide changes than either peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide exposures. C1 US EPA, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Microelect Res Lab, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore, Singapore. Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Microelect Res Lab, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1072-z PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 211KK UT WOS:000249522500016 PM 17624526 ER PT J AU Lazorchak, JM Smith, ME AF Lazorchak, James M. Smith, Mark E. TI Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) 7-day survival and growth test method SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE TOXICITY; AMMONIA; ZINC; SALMONIDS; MODEL AB A short-term method was developed in this study for conducting subchronic survival and growth renewal toxicity tests with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Previously published early life-stage methods for various salmonid species involve test durations of 30 to 90 days. This trout method, however, follows a previously published 7-day fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) growth method. The tests performed in this study measured subchronic growth and survival effects using standard reference toxicants (ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, phenol, and zinc sulfate), receiving water, and effluent samples. The test results were compared with performance criteria and results for 7- day survival and growth tests with P. promelas to determine the level of comparability between the two species. The results from tests with both salmonid species indicated that this 7-day survival and growth test method using O. mykiss and S. fontinalis provides reproducible results with various reference toxicant materials and can be used successfully to detect potential toxicity in environmental samples. A short-term method was developed in this study for conducting subchronic survival and growth renewal toxicity tests with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Previously published early life-stage methods for various salmonid species involve test durations of 30 to 90 days. This trout method, however, follows a previously published 7-day fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) growth method. The tests performed in this study measured subchronic growth and survival effects using standard reference toxicants (ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, phenol, and zinc sulfate), receiving water, and effluent samples. The test results were compared with performance criteria and results for 7-day survival and growth tests with P. promelas to determine the level of comparability between the two species. The results from tests with both salmonid species indicated that this 7-day survival and growth test method using O. mykiss and S. fontinalis provides reproducible results with various reference toxicant materials and can be used successfully to detect potential toxicity in environmental samples. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0227-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 205RL UT WOS:000249132200012 PM 17612785 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Peck, DV Van Sickle, J Hughes, RM AF Peterson, Spencer A. Peck, David V. Van Sickle, John Hughes, Robert M. TI Mercury concentration in frozen whole-fish homogenates is insensitive to holding time SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fish tissue; pre-analysis holding time; EMAP; CAAS mercury analysis AB Current recommended holding times for the analysis of total mercury (Hg) in fish tissue ranges from 28 to 180 days. In 2006, we evaluated the effect of an extended holding time on Hg concentrations by reanalyzing whole-fish wet homogenates that were analyzed originally in 2002 and had been stored frozen at -20 degrees C since that time. Seven species, 13-15 samples each, were reanalyzed. Comparisons of concentration differences between 2006 and 2002 indicated that no statistically significant changes in Hg concentrations occurred in any of the seven fish species. These results indicate that wet fish tissue homogenates can be held frozen for at least four years without affecting analytical results, thus extending holding times far beyond those currently recommended. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Peterson.spencer@epa.gov; Hughes.bob@epa.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0237-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 205RL UT WOS:000249132200014 PM 17657456 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Pongprueks, P Rusell Bulock, O Lindberg, SE Pehkonen, SO Jang, C Braverman, T Ho, TC AF Lin, Che-Jen Pongprueksa, Pruek Russell Bullock, O., Jr. Lindberg, Steve E. Pehkonen, Simo O. Jang, Carey Braverman, Thomas Ho, Thomas C. TI Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models II: Sensitivity analysis in the CONUS domain SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; chemical transport modeling; sensitivity analysis; model uncertainty; CMAQ-Hg ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; INITIATED REACTIONS; SURFACE EXCHANGE; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; EMISSION; AMERICA; AIR AB In this study, we present the response of model results to different scientific treatments in an effort to quantify the uncertainties caused by the incomplete understanding of mercury science and by model assumptions in atmospheric mercury models. Two sets of sensitivity simulations were performed to assess the uncertainties using modified versions of CMAQ-Hg in a 36-km Continental United States domain. From Set 1 Experiments, it is found that the simulated mercury dry deposition is most sensitive to the gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) oxidation product assignment, and to the implemented dry deposition scheme for GEM and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). The simulated wet deposition is sensitive to the aqueous Hg(II) sorption scheme, and to the GEM oxidation product assignment. The inclusion of natural mercury emission causes a small increase in GEM concentration but has little impact on deposition. From Set 2 Experiments, it is found that both dry and wet depositions are sensitive to mercury chemistry. Change in model mercury chemistry has a greater impact on simulated wet deposition than on dry deposition. The kinetic uncertainty of GEM oxidation by O-3 and mechanistic uncertainty of Hg(II) reduction by aqueous HO2 pose the greatest impact. Using the upper-limit kinetics of GEM-O-3 reaction or eliminating aqueous Hg(II)-HO2 reaction results in unreasonably high deposition and depletion of gaseous mercury in the domain. Removing GEM-OH reaction is not sufficient to balance the excessive mercury removal caused by eliminating the HO2 mechanism. Field measurements of mercury dry deposition, better quantification of mercury air-surface exchange and further investigation of mercury redox chemistry are needed for reducing model uncertainties and for improving the performance of atmospheric mercury models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM Jerry.Lin@LAMAR.EDU RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Pehkonen, Simo/0000-0002-0362-9176 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 31 BP 6544 EP 6560 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.030 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224PA UT WOS:000250457700006 ER PT J AU Rizzo, MJ Scheff, PA AF Rizzo, Michael J. Scheff, Peter A. TI Utilizing the Chemical Mass Balance and Positive Matrix Factorization models to determine influential species and examine possible rotations in receptor modeling results SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; positive matrix factorization; chemical mass balance; PM2.5; speciation trends network (STN); rotations; influential species; receptor modeling ID IN-SPACE RMAPS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE SULFUR; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AB Data from two of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Speciation Trends Network fine particulate matter sites within Chicago, Illinois were used to examine the influence that the results and profiles of the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model have on the source contributions and profiles of the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. This was accomplished using the target shape technique, which utilizes a priori information from the CMB source profiles inputted into the PMF model. The target shape methodology involves inputting specific information for the source profiles into the PMF model as it is resolving source profile and contribution matrices. The target shape results demonstrated it is possible to determine in both the CMB and PMF source profiles those species, which do not influence the solutions of either model. A second method utilizing information from the CMB results was used to impose a condition where the Motor Vehicles source never had a zero contribution as was applied to the CMB model. This involved utilizing an edge rotation to rotate the PMF results to yield a different solution without worsening the fit of the original results. The purpose of this work is to achieve a rotation, which produced a PMF solution where all of the Motor Vehicles contributions were greater than zero. Comparing the rotated Motor Vehicles and Sulfates source contributions in PMF to those obtained from CMB showed a better correlation between the PMF Motor Vehicles contributions to the original CMB results than those prior to rotation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Air Qual Anal Div, Air Qual Anal Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Rizzo, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Air Qual Anal Div, Air Qual Anal Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rizzo.michael@epa.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 33 BP 6986 EP 6998 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231GE UT WOS:000250933800007 ER PT J AU Camalier, L Cox, W Dolwick, P AF Camalier, Louise Cox, William Dolwick, Pat TI The effects of meteorology on ozone in urban areas and their use in assessing ozone trends SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone trends; generalized linear model; meteorological adjustment; HYSPLIT; spatial patterns AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency issues periodic reports that describe air quality trends in the US. For some pollutants, such as ozone, both observed and meteorologically adjusted trends are displayed. This paper describes an improved statistical methodology for meteorologically adjusting ozone trends as well as characterizes the relationships between individual meteorological parameters and ozone. A generalized linear model that accommodates the nonlinear effects of the meteorological variables was fit to data collected for 39 major eastern US urban areas. Overall, the model performs very well, yielding R-2 Statistics as high as 0.80. The analysis confirms that ozone is generally increasing with increasing temperature and decreasing with increasing relative humidity. Examination of the spatial gradients of these responses show that the effect of temperature on ozone is most pronounced in the north while the opposite is true of relative humidity. By including HYSPLIT-derived transport wind direction and distance in the model, it is shown that the largest incremental impact of wind direction on ozone occurs along the periphery of the study domain, which encompasses major NO, emission sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Camalier, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Camalier.Louise@epa.gov NR 17 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 33 BP 7127 EP 7137 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231GE UT WOS:000250933800018 ER PT J AU Awkerman, JA Westbrock, MA Huyvaert, KP Anderson, DJ AF Awkerman, Jill A. Westbrock, Mark A. Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Anderson, David J. TI Female-biased sex ratio arises after parental care in the sexually dimorphic waved albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE bycatch; known fate; Phoebastria irrorata; provision; seabird; sex ratio; Waved Albatross ID TOOTHFISH LONGLINE FISHERY; SEABIRD MORTALITY; HABITAT USE; BIRD; PERIOD; EGGS; AGE AB In response to evidence of sexual segregation at foraging grounds as well as male-biased band recoveries, we investigated the ontogeny of the female-biased adult sex ratio in the Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata), an IUCN "critically endangered species" essentially endemic to Isla Espa (n) over tilde ola, Galapagos, Ecuador. Using a molecular technique to determine the sex of chicks and adults and known fate analysis of chicks during rearing, we found no evidence of a sex-ratio bias at hatching or fledging in three consecutive years with variable reproductive success. Although male chicks were significantly larger than females at fledging, survival to fledging of a large sample of male and female chicks did not differ. The sex ratio among a cohort of young adults at approximately the age of first breeding (eight years) also did not differ significantly from parity. Differential adult mortality, including male-biased mortality in fisheries, is the most probable cause of a female-biased population sex ratio, and is at least partially responsible for an apparent reduction in the number of breeding pairs of this species. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Awkerman, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM awkerman.jill@epa.gov RI Huyvaert, Kathryn/A-2710-2009 OI Huyvaert, Kathryn/0000-0003-3302-030X NR 43 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1336 EP 1346 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1336:FSRAAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100018 ER PT J AU Lu, HF Campbell, D Chen, J Qin, P Ren, H AF Lu, Hongfang Campbell, Daniel Chen, Jie Qin, Pei Ren, Hai TI Conservation and economic viability of nature reserves: An emergy evaluation of the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation value; emergy synthesis; social self-sufficiency; ecological-economic benefit ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION; CHINA; SUSTAINABILITY; BIOLOGY; MARSHES; SOILS; WATER AB Evaluating the ecological and economic benefits of nature reserves in a fair way is a difficult problem confronting not only conservation scientists and managers but also governments and private land owners. Nature reserves and other social and economic land uses must be evaluated on an objective basis to provide an accurate measure of relative benefits for decision-making. The ecological and economic benefits of various land uses can be expressed in equivalent terms using emergy as a common denominator. Emergy synthesis is a biophysical, donor-based method of valuation that we used to assess the ecological-economic system of the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve (YBR) in North Jiangsu Province, China. In this paper, we introduce new emergy measures designed especially to capture the conservation value of natural lands, as well as a measure of the economic viability of nature reserves. The network structure of natural resources, economic production, and conservation activities in Yancheng reserve was examined and compared to the Maipo Nature Reserve (MNR) in Hong Kong, and a salt marsh ecological-engineering system also in Yancheng. This study showed that there is about a 10:1 return on the emergy invested by government in operating the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, which is a major migratory stop-over and wintering site for the endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis). Only 2.2% of the support for conservation in YBR comes from the private sector compared to 41.4% for MNR. One way to improve social self-sufficiency of the reserve is to develop ecotourism and private donors, which will increase economic vitality and mitigate the intense economic competition for reserve land. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Bot Gardens, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ, Environm Sch, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ, Halophyte Res Lab, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Campbell, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI USA. EM luhf@scbg.ac.cn; campbell.dan@epa.gov; chenje509@tom.com; qinpei@hrlab.org; renhai@scbg.ac.cn NR 72 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 415 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.014 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222XE UT WOS:000250330700016 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Blum, MJ AF Darling, John A. Blum, Michael J. TI DNA-based methods for monitoring invasive species: a review and prospectus SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE detection; DNA barcode; DNA-based identification; DNA taxonomy; invasive species; microarray; monitoring; PCR ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC-TECHNIQUE; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PLANKTON SAMPLES; NUCLEAR MARKERS AB The recent explosion of interest in DNA-based tools for species identification has prompted widespread speculation on the future availability of inexpensive, rapid, and accurate means of identifying specimens and assessing biodiversity. One applied field that may benefit dramatically from the development of such technologies is the detection, identification, and monitoring of invasive species. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of DNA-based tools for such important tasks as confirmation of specimen identity and targeted screening for known or anticipated invaders. However, significant technological hurdles must be overcome before more ambitious applications, including estimation of propagule pressure and comprehensive surveys of complex environmental samples, are to be realized. Here we review existing methods, examine the technical difficulties associated with development of more sophisticated tools, and consider the potential utility of these DNA-based technologies for various applications relevant to invasive species monitoring. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol ecol Res Branch, 27 W Martin Luther King Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM darling.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Kumar, Vivek/B-8500-2011 NR 84 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 751 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9079-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210FZ UT WOS:000249443400001 ER PT J AU Levine, KE Essader, AS Weber, FX Perlmutter, JM Milstein, LS Fernando, RA Levine, MA Collins, BJ Adams, JB Grohse, PM AF Levine, K. E. Essader, A. S. Weber, F. X. Perlmutter, J. M. Milstein, L. S. Fernando, R. A. Levine, M. A. Collins, B. J. Adams, J. B. Grohse, P. M. TI Determination of iodine in low mass human hair samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION; ELEMENTS C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Levine, KE (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Conrwallis Rd,PO Box 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM levine@rti.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-05455, N01-ES-65554] NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9264-x PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 219VH UT WOS:000250115800009 PM 17721731 ER PT J AU Ghanayem, BI Hoffler, U AF Ghanayem, Burhan I. Hoffler, Undi TI Investigation of xenobiotics metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity using Cyp2e1-/-mice SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID ETHYL CARBAMATE URETHANE; CYP2E1 KNOCKOUT MICE; CHRONIC ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; MOUSE BONE-MARROW; WILD-TYPE MICE; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1 CYP2E1; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM AB Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) comprise a number of enzyme subfamilies responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of therapeutic agents, environmental toxicants mutagens, and carcinogens. In particular, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is implicated in the oxidative bioactivation of a variety of small hydrophobic chemicals including a number of epoxide-forming drugs and environmentally important toxicants including urethane, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, I-bromopropane, trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, acetaminophen, and butadiene. Until recently, chemical modulators (inducers and inhibitors) were used in order to characterize the enzymatic basis of xenobiotic metabolism and the relationships between CYP-mediated bioactivation and chemical- induced toxicity/carcinogen icity. With the advent of genetically engineered knockout mice, the ability to evaluate the roles of specific CYPs in the metabolism of xenobiotics has become more attainable. The main focus of the current review is to present studies that characterized the enzymatic, metabolic, and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of various xenobiotics using Cyp2e1-/- mice. Data presented in this review demonstrated that the most comprehensive studies using Cyp2e1-/- mice, encompassing the entire paradigm of metabolism to toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity were possible when a substrate was primarily metabolized via CYP2E1 (e.g. urethane and acrylamide). In contrast, when multiple CYP enzymes were prevalent in the oxidation of a particular substrate (e.g.: trichloroethylene, methacrylonitrile, crotononitrile), investigating the relationships between oxidative metabolism and biological activity became more complicated and required the use of chemical modulators. In conclusion, the current review showed that Cyp2e1-/- mice are a valuable animal model for the investigation of the metabolic and molecular basis of toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of xenobiotics. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program, Lab Pharmacol & Chem,Metab & Exposure Markers, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ghanayem, BI (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program, Lab Pharmacol & Chem,Metab & Exposure Markers, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Ghanayem@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 253 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 8 IS 7 BP 728 EP 749 DI 10.2174/138920007782109760 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 216GZ UT WOS:000249867800010 PM 17979661 ER PT J AU Eltis-Hutchings, RG Grey, BE Norwood, J Richards, JH Lau, C Rogers, JM AF Eltis-Hutchings, R. G. Grey, B. E. Norwood, J., Jr. Richards, J. H. Lau, C. Rogers, J. M. TI Strain sensitivity to adverse health outcomes in adult offspring of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats undernourished in utero SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eltis-Hutchings, R. G.; Grey, B. E.; Norwood, J., Jr.; Lau, C.; Rogers, J. M.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Reprod Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Richards, J. H.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Expt Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM rogers.john@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 SU 1 BP S169 EP S169 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 232YS UT WOS:000251058200476 ER PT J AU Busing, RT Solomon, AM McKane, RB Burdick, CA AF Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. McKane, Robert B. Burdick, Connie A. TI Forest dynamics in oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire; forest composition; natural disturbance; Pacific Northwest; simulation; vegetation; watershed ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; GAP MODELS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; VEGETATION; GROWTH; GRADIENTS; TEMPERATURE; SUCCESSION; BIOMASS AB The FORCLIM model of forest dynamics was tested against field survey data for its ability to simulate basal area and composition of old forests across broad climatic gradients in western Oregon, USA. The model was also tested for its ability to capture successional trends in ecoregions of the west Cascade Range. It was then applied to simulate present and future (1990-2050) forest landscape dynamics of a watershed in the west Cascades. Various regimes of climate change and harvesting in the watershed were considered in the landscape application. The model was able to capture much of the variation ill forest basal area and composition in western Oregon even though temperature and precipitation were the only inputs that were varied among simulated sites. The measured decline in total basal area from tall coastal forests eastward to interior steppe was matched by simulations. Changes in simulated forest dominants also approximated those in the actual data. Simulated abundances of a few minor species did not match actual abundances, however. Subsequent projections of climate change and harvest effects in a west Cascades landscape indicated no change in forest dominance as of 2050. Yet, climate-driven shifts in the distributions of some species were projected. The simulation of both stand-replacing and partial-stand disturbances across western Oregon improved agreement between simulated and actual data. Simulations with fire as an agent of partial disturbance suggested that frequent fires of low severity can alter forest composition and structure as much or more than severe fires at historic frequencies. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rtbusing@aol.com NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1967 EP 1981 DI 10.1890/06-1838.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220FL UT WOS:000250142500010 PM 17974335 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, A Wenstel, R Sappington, K Wood, W AF Fairbrother, Anne Wenstel, Randall Sappington, Keith Wood, William TI Framework for metals risk assessment SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review DE risk assessment; inorganic metals; metals; framework; human health; aquatic terrestrial; bioavailability; BAF; BCF ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SURVEY; ALGA PSEUDOKIRCHNERIELLA-SUBCAPITATA; PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED MODELS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CADMIUM TROPHIC TRANSFER; ESSENTIAL TRACE-ELEMENTS AB EPA recognized that metals present unique risk assessment issues, and saw the need to develop a framework document that puts forth key scientific principles for metals risk assessments to help ensure consistency in metals assessments across EPA programs and regional offices. This framework, called the "Framework for Metals Risk Assessment," is a science-based document that describes basic principles that address the special attributes and behaviors of metals and metal compounds to be considered when assessing their human health and ecological risks. The Risk Assessment Forum oversaw the development of this document, including input from stakeholders and experts throughout the Agency, and obtained through several expert workshops, followed by peer review by the EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB). The Framework for Metals Risk Assessment document is intended to serve as a guide for all EPA programs and regional offices to supplement or update the policies, practices and guidance they currently use in their respective metals assessments. This framework document is not a prescriptive guide on how any particular type of assessment should be conducted within an EPA program office. Rather, it outlines key metal principles and describes how they should be considered in conducting human health and ecological risk assessments to advance our understanding of metals impact and foster consistency across EPA programs and regions. Although the audience for the framework is primarily intended to be Agency risk assessors, it also will communicate principles and recommendations for metals risk assessment to stakeholders and the public. This framework will be used in conjunction with guidance developed by the programs and. regions for site-specific risk assessment, criteria derivation, ranking or categorization and other similar Agency activities related to metals. The Framework for Metals Risk Assessment document is intended to serve as a guide for all EPA programs and regional offices to supplement or update the policies, practices and guidance they currently use in their respective metals assessments. EPA assessments can vary in level of detail from simple, screening analyses to complex, definitive assessments. More complex scientific tools and metal specific methods should be applied as the complexity of the hazard assessment or risk assessment increases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wenstel, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wentsel.randy@epa.gov NR 408 TC 154 Z9 177 U1 10 U2 110 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 145 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.015 PG 83 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 222TV UT WOS:000250321100001 PM 17889701 ER PT J AU Luo, N Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR AF Luo, Ning Hatchett, David W. Rogers, Kim R. TI Recognition of pyrene using molecularly imprinted electrochemically deposited poly(2-mercaptobenzimidazole) or poly (resorcinol) on gold electrodes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE poly(resorcinol); poly(2-mercaptobenzimidazole); molecularly imprinted polymer; pyrene; electrochemical detection ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOLAYERS; SENSORS; ELECTROOXIDATION; IMMUNOSENSOR; SEPARATION; BIOSENSOR; RECEPTOR; WATERS AB The feasibility of using thiol chemistry to form molecularly imprinted polymer-coated gold electrodes to measure pyrene is reported. For the first approach, poly (2-mercaptobenzimidazole) (2-MBI) was electrochemically deposited on gold electrodes in the presence or absence of the template pyrene. For the second approach, the pyrene derivative N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide was covalently bound to 1,3-propane thiol that had been previously self-assembled on a cleaned gold surface. Resorcinol was then electrochemically polymerized onto the electrode followed by electrochemical stripping of the thiolated pyrene from the polymer-coated electrode. For both electrode configurations, the binding of pyrene to the MIP-coated electrode was detected indirectly through pyrene-dependent access of a ferricyanide probe to the electrode surface as measured using square-wave voltammetry. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 19-20 BP 2117 EP 2124 DI 10.1002/elan.200703930 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 220AK UT WOS:000250129100016 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE AF Rice, Eugene W. Adcock, Noreen J. Sivaganesan, Mano Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne, David E. TI Chlorine inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; PERSISTENCE; TURKEYS; DUCKS AB To determine resistance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus to chlorination, we exposed allantoic fluid containing 2 virus strains to chlorinated buffer at pH 7 and 8, at YC. Free chlorine concentrations typically used in drinking water treatment are sufficient to inactivate the virus by > 3 orders of magnitude. C1 US EPA, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1568 EP 1570 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800026 PM 18258010 ER PT J AU Swartz, CD Parks, N Umbach, DM Ward, WO Schaaper, RM DeMarini, DM AF Swartz, Carol D. Parks, Nick Umbach, David M. Ward, William O. Schaaper, Roel M. DeMarini, David M. TI Enhanced mutagenesis of Salmonella tester strains due to deletion of genes other than uvrB SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE ames test; mutagenic potency; Delta uvrB; molybdenum cofactor; moeA; moaA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BASE ANALOGS; TYPHIMURIUM; MUTAGENICITY; MUTANTS; REPAIR AB The standard Salmonella mutagenicify (Ames) tester strains are missing 15-119 genes due to the extended Delta(gal-bio-uvrB) mutations that render the strains excision-repair deficient (Delta uvrB). We constructed strains of Salmonella that are homologous to tester strains TA98 and TA100 except that in place of the uvrB deletion, they contain single-gene defects in either uvrB, moaA, moeA, or both uvrB and moeA. We then tested the following mutagens in these strains: 2-acetylaminofluorene, Glu-P-1, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, MX, 1-nitropyrene, 6-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP), and 2-amino-6-hydroxylaminopurine (AHAP). We confirmed in Salmonella a previous finding in Escherichia coli. that the enhanced mutagenicity of the purine analogues HAP and AHAP is not due to the deletion of the uvrB gene but due to the deletion of moeA and/or moeA, which are involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. The spontaneous mutant frequency and induced mutagenic potency of mutagens due to the extended Delta uvrB mutation are due largely to the deletion of uvrB and to some extent of moeA/moaA at the frame-shift hisD3052 allele of TA98 but involve other genes in addition to uvrB and moeA/moaA at the base-substitution hisG46 allele of TA100. The extended Delta uvrB mutation does not prevent the detection of mutagens that would have been detected in a strain containing a single uvrB defect. Because of the deletion of moeA/moaA, the extended uvrB deletion generally enhanced spontaneous and induced mutagenicity, especially at the base-substitution allele. This enhanced sensitivity may underlay the severe health effects in humans who have mutations in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis genes. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 48:694-705, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Environm Careers Org, Boston, MA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 48 IS 8 BP 694 EP 705 DI 10.1002/em.20343 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 222TZ UT WOS:000250321500009 PM 17896788 ER PT J AU Sexton, K Linder, SH Marko, D Bethel, H Lupo, PJ AF Sexton, Ken Linder, Stephen H. Marko, Dritana Bethel, Heidi Lupo, Philip J. TI Comparative assessment of air pollution-related health risks in Houston SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE air pollution; air toxics; comparative risk; diesel particles; hazardous pollutants; particulate matter; risk assessment ID POLLUTANTS AB BACKGROUND: Airborne emissions from numerous point, area, and mobile sources, along with stagnant meteorologic conditions, contribute to frequent episodes of elevated air pollution in Houston, Texas. To address this problem, decision makers must set priorities among thousands of individual air pollutants as they formulate effective and efficient mitigation strategies. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to compare and rank relative health risks of 179 air pollutants in Houston using an evidence-based approach supplemented by the expert judgment of a panel of academic scientists. METHODS: Annual-average ambient concentrations by census tract were estimated from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National-scale Air Toxics Assessment and augmented with measured levels from the Houston monitoring network. Each substance was assigned to one of five risk categories (definite, probable, possible, unlikely, uncertain) based on how measured or monitored concentrations translated into comparative risk estimates. We used established unit risk estimates for carcinogens and/or chronic reference values for noncarcinogens to set thresholds for each category. Assignment to an initial risk category was adjusted, as necessary, based on expert judgment about the quality and quantity of information available. RESULTS: Of the 179 substances examined, 12 (6.7%) were deemed definite risks, 9 (5.0%) probable risks, 24 (13.4%) possible risks, 16 (8.9%) unlikely risks, and 118 (65.9%) uncertain risks. CONCLUSIONS: Risk-based priority setting is an important step in the development of cost-effective solutions to Houston's air pollution problem. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Hlth Policy, Houston, TX USA. US EPA, Off Drinking Water, Off Sci & Technol Hlth, Div Ecol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. RP Sexton, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, 80 Ft Brown,RAHC Bldg, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM ken.sexton@utb.edu RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 115 IS 10 BP 1388 EP 1393 DI 10.1289/ehp.10043 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 216UQ UT WOS:000249904900027 PM 17938725 ER PT J AU Benbrahim-Tallaa, L Waterlandz, RA Dill, AL Webber, MM Waalkes, MP AF Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia Waterlandz, Robert A. Dill, Anna L. Webber, Mukta M. Waalkes, Michael P. TI Tumor suppressor gene inactivation during cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human prostate cells correlates with overexprression of de Novo DNA methyltransferase SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cadmium; carcinogenesis; DNA methylation; DNMT3b; p16; prostate; RASSF1A ID P16INK4A PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION; FEMALE LUNG-CANCER; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; METHYLATION STATUS; DNMT3B; EXPRESSION; 3B; OVEREXPRESSION; CARCINOGENESIS; NEOPLASIA AB BACKGROUND: Aberrant DNA methylation is common in carcinogenesis. The typical pattern appears to involve reduced expression of maintenance DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, inducing genomic hypomethylation, whereas increased expression of de novo DNMT3a or 36 causes gene-specific hypermethylation. OBJECTIVES: During cadmium-induced malignant transformation, an unusual pattern of genomic hypermethylation occurred that we studied to provide insight into the roles of specific DNMTs in oncogenesis. METHODS: Gene expression and DNA methylation were assessed in control and chronic cadmium-transformed prostate epithelial cells (CTPE) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, methylation-specific PCR, and methyl acceptance assay. RESULTS: During the 10-weeks of cadmium exposure that induced malignant transformation, progressive increases in generalized DNMT enzymatic activity occurred that were associated with overexpression of DNMT3b without changes in DNMT1 expression. Increased DNMT3b expression preceded increased DNMT enzymatic activity. Procainamide, a specific DNMT1 inhibitor, reversed cadmium-induced genomic DNA hypermethylation. Reduced expression of the tumor suppressor genes, RASSF1A and p16 began about the time DNMT3b overexpression first occurred and progressively decreased thereafter. RASSF1A and p16 promoter regions were heavily methylated in CTPE cells, indicating silencing by hypermethylation, while the DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, reversed this silencing. DNMT1 inhibition only modestly increased RASSF1A and p16 expression in CTPE cells and did not completely reverse silencing. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DNMT3b overexpression can result in generalized DNA hypermethylation and gene silencing but that DNMT1 is required to maintain these effects. The pattern of genomic DNA hypermethylation together with up-regulation of DNMT3b may provide a unique set of biomarkers to specifically identify cadmium-induced human prostate cancers. C1 NCI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat & Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Med, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NCI, NIEHS, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, POB 12233,Mail Drop F0-09,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 31 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 115 IS 10 BP 1454 EP 1459 DI 10.1289/ehp.10207 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 216UQ UT WOS:000249904900037 PM 17938735 ER PT J AU Sailor, DJ Dietsch, N AF Sailor, David J. Dietsch, Nikolaas TI The urban heat island mitigation impact screening tool (MIST) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE air quality; urban heat islands; atmospheric modeling; urban climate; albedo; urban forestry ID OZONE AIR-QUALITY; SHADE TREES; ENERGY USE; TEMPERATURES; SIMULATION; AREAS; MODEL; CITY AB A web-based software tool has been developed to assist urban planners and air quality management officials in assessing the potential of urban heat island mitigation strategies to affect the urban climate, air quality, and energy consumption within their cities. The user of the tool can select from over 170 US cities for which to conduct the analysis, and can specify city-wide changes in surface reflectivity and/or vegetative cover. The Mitigation Impact Screening Tool (MIST) then extrapolates results from a suite of simulations for 20 cities to estimate air temperature changes associated with the specified changes in surface characteristics for the selected city. Alternatively the user can simply define a nominal air temperature reduction that they hope to achieve with an unspecified mitigation scenario. These air temperature changes are then input to energy and ozone models to estimate the impact that the mitigation action may have on the selected city. The results presented by MIST include a high degree of uncertainty and are intended only as a first-order estimate that urban planners can use to assess the viability of heat island mitigation strategies for their cities. As appropriate, MIST analyses should be supplemented by more detailed modeling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US EPA, State & Local Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sailor, DJ (reprint author), Portland State Univ, PO Box 751-ME, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM sailor@cecs.pdx.edu RI Sailor, David/E-6308-2014 OI Sailor, David/0000-0003-1720-8214 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1529 EP 1541 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.11.005 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180YL UT WOS:000247403800015 ER PT J AU Macauley, JM Harwell, LC Alafita, HV AF Macauley, J. M. Harwell, L. C. Alafita, H. V. TI The ecological condition of Veracruz, Mexico estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental assessment; environmental monitoring; Veracruz estuaries ID RANGES AB During June and July, 2002, forty-seven stations were sampled within estuaries along the gulf coast of the state of Veracruz, MX, using a probabilistic survey design and a common set of response indicators. The objective of the study was to collect information to assess the condition of estuarine waters within the state of Veracruz, and to provide data that would strengthen future assessments of Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Samples for water quality, sediment contaminants, sediment toxicity, and benthic populations were collected in a manner consistent with EPA's National Coastal Assessment (NCA). Data were evaluated by comparing indicator measurements to tropical waters threshold values cited in US EPA's National Coastal Condition Report II, 2004, for tropical waters. In Veracruz, 75% of the area sampled rated poor for water quality, attributed primarily to high concentrations reported for chlorophyll a, and dissolved nutrients. One percent of the area exhibited poor sediment quality, based on PAH and metals concentrations. Compared to US estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico, water quality observed in Veracruz estuaries was more affected by nutrient over-enrichment. The probabilitistic nature of the survey design allowed for the comparison of the condition of Veracruz and the US GOM estuaries. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. SC Ctr Corp Cancun, Consult Gestion Pol Plant Ambiental, Quintana Roo, Mexico. RP Macauley, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM macauley.john@epa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9571-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209QU UT WOS:000249403900018 PM 17295108 ER PT J AU Kan, E Kim, S Deshusses, MA AF Kan, Eunsung Kim, Seongyup Deshusses, Marc A. TI Fenton oxidation of TCE vapors in a foam reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE chemical oxidation; trichloroethylene; vapor phase reactor air pollution control; advanced oxidation ID GAS-PHASE TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA G4; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; COMETABOLIC DEGRADATION; EMULSION BIOREACTOR; MASS-TRANSFER; TOLUENE; KINETICS; REAGENT; TIO2 AB Oxidation of dilute TCE vapors in a foam reactor using Fenton"s reagent was investigated. The new process relies on rapid mass transfer from, the gas undergoing treatment to a fine aqueous foam and oxidation by Fenton's reagents. Laboratory investigation demonstrated that TCE elimination capacity was as high as 56-61 g TCE m(-3) (reactor)h(-1) with a removal efficiency of 62% and TCE mineralization of 83% at gas retention time of 30 s and TCE inlet concentration of 0.6 g m(-3). Compared to oxidation in wet scrubbers packed with commercially available plastic packings and using the same composition of Fenton's reagents'. the foam reactor configuration provided a higher rate absorption and greater eliminination capacity of TCE vapors. The treatment perfromance jar exceeded those of current bioreactors and was comparable to those of advanced oxidation techniques such as TiO2/UVand ozone/UV. suggesting that Fenton oxidation in foam reactors may be a promising technique for treating TCE and other recalcitrant vapors. (C) 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Deshusses, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mdeshuss@engr.ucr.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1002/ep.10205 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216DG UT WOS:000249857700002 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Carmichael, WW Soares, RM Yuan, M Servaites, JC Barton, HA Azevedo, SMFO AF Hilborn, E. D. Carmichael, W. W. Soares, R. M. Yuan, M. Servaites, J. C. Barton, H. A. Azevedo, S. M. F. O. TI Serologic evaluation of human microcystin exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcystins; human serum; toxicokinetics; MMPB; 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; LIVER; LR; MICE; CYANOBACTERIA; AERUGINOSA; EXCRETION; TOXINS; BLOOMS AB Microcystins are among the most commonly detected toxins associated with cyanobacteria blooms worldwide. Two episodes of intravenous microcystin exposures occurred among kidney dialysis patients during 1996 and 2001. Analysis of serum samples collected during these episodes suggests that microcystins are detectable as free and bound forms in human serum. Our goal was to characterize the biochemical evidence for human exposure to microcystins, to identify uncertainties associated with interpretation of these observed results, and to identify research needs. We analyzed serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to detect free microcystins, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to detect 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB). MMPB is derived from both free and protein-bound microcystins by chemical oxidation, and it appears to represent total microcystins present in serum. We found evidence of free microcystins in patient serum for more than 50 days after the last documented exposure. Serum concentrations of free microcystins were consistently lower than MMPB quantification of total microcystins: free microcystins as measured by ELISA were only 8-51% of total microcystin concentrations as detected by the GC/MS method. After intravenous exposure episodes, we found evidence of microcystins in human serum in free and protein-bound forms, though the nature of the protein-bound forms is uncertain. Free microcystins appear to be a small but variable subset of total microcystins present in human serum. Research is needed to elucidate the human toxicokinetics of microcystins, in part to determine how observed serum concentrations can be used to estimate previous microcystin exposure. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophys Inst, Lab Ecophysiol & Toxicol Cyanobacteria, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov RI Soares, Raquel /C-9863-2014 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1002/tox.20281 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 208OJ UT WOS:000249328800002 PM 17696142 ER PT J AU Rabalais, NN Turner, RE Sen Gupta, BK Boesch, DF Chapman, P Murrell, MC AF Rabalais, N. N. Turner, R. E. Sen Gupta, B. K. Boesch, D. F. Chapman, P. Murrell, M. C. TI Hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Does the science support the plan to reduce, mitigate, and control hypoxia? SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Review ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BOTTOM WATER; BLACK-SEA; HISTORICAL TRENDS AB We update and reevaluate the scientific information on the distribution, history, and causes of continental shelf hypoxia that supports the 2001 Action Plan for Reducing, Mitigating, and Controlling Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force 2001), incorporating data, publications, and research results produced since the 1999 integrated assessment. The metric of mid-summer hypoxic area on the Louisiana-Texas shelf is an adequate and suitable measure for continued efforts to reduce nutrients loads from the Mississippi River and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico as outlined in the Action Plan. More frequent measurements of simple metrics (e.g., area and volume) from late spring through late summer would ensure that the metric is representative of the system in any given year and useful in a public discourse of conditions and causes. The long-term data on hypoxia, sources of nutrients, associated biological parameters, and paleoindicators continue to verify and strengthen the relationship between the nitrate-nitrogen load of the Mississippi River, the extent of hypoxia, and changes in the coastal ecosystem (eutrophication and worsening hypoxia). Multiple lines of evidence, some of them representing independent data sources, are consistent with the big picture pattern of increased eutrophication as a result of long-term nutrient increases that result in excess carbon production and accumulation and, ultimately, bottom water hypoxia. The additional findings arising since 1999 strengthen the science supporting the Action Plan that focuses on reducing nutrient loads, primarily nitrogen, through multiple actions to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Rabalais, N. N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Turner, R. E.; Sen Gupta, B. K.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Boesch, D. F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Chapman, P.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Murrell, M. C.] US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Rabalais, NN (reprint author), Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. EM nrabalais@lumcon.edu RI Chapman, Piers/C-7449-2013; OI Chapman, Piers/0000-0003-0952-9392 NR 102 TC 187 Z9 192 U1 6 U2 91 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 753 EP 772 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249BH UT WOS:000252201300002 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Kaplan, NL Taylor, JA AF Xu, Zongli Kaplan, Norman L. Taylor, Jack A. TI Tag SNP selection for candidate gene association studies using HapMap and gene resequencing data SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE environmental genome project; HapMap; gene resequencing; tag SNP; ethnic-mixed data; composite LD ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MULTIPLE POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; HAPLOTYPES; PATTERNS; COVERAGE; PROJECT; SAMPLE AB HapMap provides linkage disequilibrium (LD) information on a sample of 3.7 million SNPs that can be used for tag SNP selection in whole-genome association studies. HapMap can also be used for tag SNP selection in candidate genes, although its performance has yet to be evaluated against gene resequencing data, where there is near-complete SNP ascertainment. The Environmental Genome Project (EGP) is the largest gene resequencing effort to date with over 500 resequenced genes. We used HapMap data to select tag SNPs and calculated the proportions of common SNPs (MAF >= 0.05) tagged (rho(2)>= 0.8) for each of 127 EGP Panel 2 genes where individual ethnic information was available. Median gene-tagging proportions are 50, 80 and 74% for African, Asian, and European groups, respectively. These low gene-tagging proportions may be problematic for some candidate gene studies. In addition, although HapMap targeted nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), we estimate only similar to 30% of nonsynonymous SNPs in EGP are in high LD with any HapMap SNP. We show that gene-tagging proportions can be improved by adding a relatively small number of tag SNPs that were selected based on resequencing data. We also demonstrate that ethnic-mixed data can be used to improve HapMap gene-tagging proportions, but are not as efficient as ethnic-specific data. Finally, we generalized the greedy algorithm proposed by Carlson et al (2004) to select tag SNPs for multiple populations and implemented the algorithm into a freely available software package mPopTag. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM taylor@niehs.nih.gov OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 27 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201875 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 215AB UT WOS:000249778400011 PM 17568388 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD del Rio, CM Bearhop, S Phillips, DL AF Newsome, Seth D. del Rio, Carlos Martinez Bearhop, Stuart Phillips, Donald L. TI A niche for isotopic ecology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; CARBON; NITROGEN; MODELS; SHIFTS; DIETS; DISCRIMINATION; SEGREGATION; PLEISTOCENE AB Fifty years ago, GE Hutchinson defined the ecological niche as a hypervolume in n-dimensional space with environmental variables as axes. Ecologists have recently developed renewed interest in the concept, and technological advances now allow us to use stable isotope analyses to quantify these niche dimensions. Analogously, we define the isotopic niche as an area (in delta-space) with isotopic values (delta-values) as coordinates. To make isotopic measurements comparable to other niche formulations, we propose transforming delta-space to p-space, where axes represent relative proportions of isotopically distinct resources incorporated into an animal's tissues. We illustrate the isotopic niche with two examples: the application of historic ecology to conservation biology and ontogenetic niche shifts. Sustaining renewed interest in the niche requires novel methods to measure the variables that define it. Stable isotope analyses are a natural, perhaps crucial, tool in contemporary studies of the ecological niche. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM snewsome@ciw.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011; OI Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 NR 54 TC 378 Z9 389 U1 29 U2 195 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 5 IS 8 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1890/060150.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QJ UT WOS:000249962100019 ER PT J AU Sayed, A Nekl, ER Siqueira, HAA Wang, HC Ffrench-Constant, RH Bagley, M Siegfried, BD AF Sayed, A. Nekl, E. R. Siqueira, H. A. A. Wang, H.-C. ffrench-Constant, R. H. Bagley, M. Siegfried, B. D. TI A novel cadherin-like gene from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), larval midgut tissue SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadherin; Diabrotica; Bt receptor; insect midgut; exon; intron ID INSECTICIDAL CRYIA(A) TOXIN; THURINGIENSIS CRY1AB TOXIN; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; PORE FORMATION; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; BINDING AB A cadherin-like gene associated with larval midgut tissues was cloned from western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: Coleoptera), an economically important agricultural pest in North America and Europe and the primary target pest species for corn hybrids expressing Cry3 toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The full-length cDNA (5371 bp in length) encodes an open reading frame for a 1688 amino acid polypeptide. The putative protein has similar architecture to cadherin-like proteins isolated from lepidopteran midguts that have been shown to bind to Cry1 Bt toxins and have been implicated in Bt resistance. The D. v. virgifera cadherin-like gene is expressed primarily in the larval midgut and regulated during development, with high levels of expression observed in all instars and adults but not pupae. The corresponding genomic sequence spans more than 90 kb and is interspersed with 30 large introns. The genomic organization of the cadherin-like gene for this coleopteran species bears strong resemblance to lepidopteran cadherins suggesting a common molecular basis for susceptibility to Cry3 toxins in Coleoptera. C1 US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. High Point Univ, Dept Biol, High Point, NC USA. Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Agron & Entomol, Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Exter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn, Cornwall, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sayed, A (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sayed.abu@epa.gov RI Siqueira, Herbert/C-6062-2013; OI Siqueira, Herbert/0000-0002-8802-8977; ffrench-Constant, Richard/0000-0001-5385-9888 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00755.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 214PM UT WOS:000249750600008 PM 17725800 ER PT J AU Bay, S Berry, W Chapman, PM Fairey, R Gries, T Long, E MacDonald, D Weisberg, SB AF Bay, Steven Berry, Walter Chapman, Peter M. Fairey, Russell Gries, Tom Long, Edward MacDonald, Don Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Evaluating Consistency of Best Professional Judgment in the Application of a Multiple Lines of Evidence Sediment Quality Triad SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment quality triad; Contaminated sediments; Best professional judgment; Uncertainty AB The bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants is poorly understood. Often, a triad of chemical concentration measurements, laboratory sediment toxicity tests, and benthic infaunal community condition is used to assess whether contaminants are present at levels of ecological concern. Integration of these 3 lines of evidence is typically based on best professional judgment by experts; however, the level of consistency among expert approach and interpretation has not been determined. In this study, we compared the assessments of 6 experts who were independently provided data from 25 California embayment sites and asked to rank the relative condition of each site from best to worst. The experts were also asked to place each site into 1 of 6 predetermined categories of absolute condition. We provided no guidance regarding assessment approach or interpretation of supplied data. The relative ranking of the sites was highly correlated among the experts, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.92. Although the experts' relative rankings were highly correlated, the categorical assessments were much less consistent, with only 1 site out of 25 assigned to the same absolute condition category by all 6 experts. Most of the observed categorical differences were small in magnitude and involved the weighting of different lines of evidence in individual assessment approaches, rather than interpretation of signals within a line of evidence. We attribute categorical differences to the experts' use of individual best professional judgment and consider these differences to be indicative of potential uncertainty in the evaluation of sediment quality. The results of our study suggest that specifying key aspects of the assessment approach a priori and aligning the approach to the study objectives can reduce this uncertainty. C1 [Bay, Steven; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Berry, Walter] US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Chapman, Peter M.] Golder Associates, N Vancouver, BC V7P 2R4, Canada. [Fairey, Russell] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Gries, Tom] Washington Dept Ecol, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Long, Edward] ERL Environm, South Salem, OR 97306 USA. [MacDonald, Don] MESL, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. RP Bay, S (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM steveb@sccwrp.org OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [01-274-250-0] FX We thank Doris Vidal-Dorsch, Jeff Brown, and Ananada Ranasinghe of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project for assistance with data compilation and statistical analysis. Work on this project was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board under agreement 01-274-250-0. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2007-002.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43XC UT WOS:000209713100005 PM 18046798 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS Etterson, MA AF Bennett, Richard S. Etterson, Matthew A. TI Incorporating Results of Avian Toxicity Tests into a Model of Annual Reproductive Success SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Avian reproduction test; Annual reproductive success; Pesticide; Population-level assessment; Markov chain models AB Modeling the effects of pesticide exposure on avian populations requires knowledge of how the pesticide changes survival and fecundity rates for the population. Although avian reproduction tests are the primary source of information on reproductive effects in the pesticide risk assessment process, current tests cannot provide a direct estimate of the effects of a pesticide on fecundity rates. We present a mathematical model that integrates information on specific types of effects from reproduction tests with information on avian life history parameters, the timing of pesticide applications, and the temporal pattern of pesticide exposure levels to estimate pesticide effects on annual reproductive success. The model demonstration follows nesting success of females in no-pesticide or pesticide-exposed populations through a breeding season to estimate the mean number of successful broods per female. We demonstrate the model by simulating populations of a songbird exposed to 1 of 2 hypothetical pesticides during a breeding season. Finally, we discuss several issues for improving the quantitative estimation of annual reproductive success. Original Research C1 [Bennett, Richard S.; Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bennett.rick@epa.gov FU USEPA FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the USEPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2007-029.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43XC UT WOS:000209713100006 PM 18046799 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Kadlubar, FF Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Beii, DA Hemstreet, GP Yin, S LeMasterS, GK Rothman, N AF Carreon, Tania Kadlubar, Fred F. Ruder, Avima M. Schulte, Paul A. Hayes, Richard B. Waters, Martha Grant, Delores J. Boissy, Robert Beii, Douglas A. Hemstreet, George P., III Yin, Songnian LeMasterS, Grace K. Rothman, Nathaniel TI "N-Acetyltransferases and the susceptibility to benzidine-induced bladder carcinogenesis" - Reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Letter ID ACETYLBENZIDINE; GLUCURONIDATION; BINDING; DNA; METABOLISM; CANCER; RAT; WORKERS; LIVER C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Acad Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Div Surveillance, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM carreota@ucmail.uc.edu RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1637 EP 1639 DI 10.1002/ijc.22906 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 205JK UT WOS:000249109600032 PM 17583575 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, C Zhang, Z Kim, CS AF Kleinstreuer, Clement Zhang, Zhe Kim, Chong S. TI Combined inertial and gravitational deposition of microparticles in small model airways of a human respiratory system SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inertial impaction; gravitational sedimentation; micron particle deposition; small human airways; computational analysis; deposition efficiency; stokes number; fronde number; sedimentation parameter; deposition correlations ID AIR-FLOW FIELDS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; HUMAN-LUNG; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; FLUID-DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; BIFURCATIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; GRAVITY AB Focusing on relatively small airways in terms of the medium-size bronchial generations G6-G9, the interplay of impaction and sedimentation on micron particle transport and deposition has been simulated. A commercial finite-volume code, enhanced with user-supplied programs, has been employed. Although impaction is still a dominant deposition mechanism for microparticle in medium-size airways under normal breathing conditions (say, Q(in) = 15-30 L/ min), sedimentation may play a role as well. In turn, that can influence the local particle deposition patterns, efficiencies and fractions for a realistic range of Stokes numbers (0.001 <= St <= 0.33). However, deposition due to sedimentation is significantly amplified during slow inhalation; for example, the gravitational deposition may become dominant in the ninth bifurcation (i.e., generations G8-G9) for relatively large microparticles (say, d(p) > 5 mu m) at Q(in) = 3.75 L/ min. The occurrence of sedimentation changes the location of the deposition "hot spots" and reduces the order of the maximum deposition enhancement factor. The use of analytical formulas based on inclined tube models for predicting gravitational deposition in local bronchial airway segments as well as the combination of deposition by sedimentation and impaction has to be carefully examined. As shown, more prudent is the use of curve-fitted correlations generated from experimentally validated computer simulation results as a function of Stokes number and sedimentation parameter. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.nesu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1047 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.08.010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 236WO UT WOS:000251334300004 ER PT J AU Daly, C Smith, JW Smith, JI McKane, RB AF Daly, Christopher Smith, Jonathan W. Smith, Joseph I. McKane, Robert B. TI High-resolution spatial modeling of daily weather elements for a catchment in the Oregon Cascade Mountains, United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; SOLAR-RADIATION; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; ELEVATION; CLIMATE; BASIN; HUMIDITY; ERRORS; AREAS AB High-quality, daily meteorological data at high spatial resolution are essential for a variety of hydrologic and ecological modeling applications that support environmental risk assessments and decision making. This paper describes the development, application, and assessment of methods to construct daily highresolution (similar to 50-m cell size) meteorological grids for the 2003 calendar year in the Upper South Santiam Watershed (USSW), a 500-km(2) mountainous catchment draining the western slope of the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Elevations within the USSW ranged from 194 to 1650 m. Meteorological elements modeled were minimum and maximum temperature; total precipitation, rainfall, and snowfall; and solar radiation and radiation-adjusted maximum temperature. The Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) was used to interpolate minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation. The separation of precipitation into rainfall and snowfall components used a temperature-based regression function. Solar radiation was simulated with the Image-Processing Workbench. Radiation-based adjustments to maximum temperature employed equations developed from data in the nearby H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. The restrictive terrain of the USSW promoted cold-air drainage and temperature inversions by reducing large-scale airflow. Inversions were prominent nearly all year for minimum temperature and were noticeable even for maximum temperature during the autumn and winter. Precipitation generally increased with elevation over the USSW. In 2003, precipitation was nearly always in the form of rain at the lowest elevations but was about 50% snow at the highest elevations. Solar radiation followed a complex pattern related to terrain slope, aspect, and position relative to other terrain features. Clear, sunny days with a large proportion of direct radiation exhibited the greatest contrast in radiation totals, whereas cloudy days with primarily diffuse radiation showed little contrast. Radiation-adjusted maximum temperatures showed similar patterns. The lack of a high-quality observed dataset was a major issue in the interpolation of precipitation and solar radiation. However, observed data available for the USSW were superior to those available for most mountainous regions in the western United States. In this sense, the methods and results presented here can inform others performing similar studies in other mountainous regions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, PRISM Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Daly, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, PRISM Grp, 326 Strand Agr Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM daly@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1565 EP 1586 DI 10.1175/JAM2548.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230IU UT WOS:000250871000004 ER PT J AU Hayes, SL Rodgers, MR Lye, DJ Stelma, GN McKinstry, CA Malard, JM Vesper, SJ AF Hayes, S. L. Rodgers, M. R. Lye, D. J. Stelma, G. N. McKinstry, C. A. Malard, J. M. Vesper, S. J. TI Evaluating virulence of waterborne and clinical Aeromonas isolates using gene expression and mortality in neonatal mice followed by assessing cell culture's ability to predict virulence based on transcriptional response SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas; gene expression; host response; virulence ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DRINKING-WATER; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; INTERLEUKIN-8; APOPTOSIS; CHILDREN; STRAINS AB Aims: To assess the virulence of Aeromonas spp. using two models, a neonatal mouse assay and a mouse intestinal cell culture. Methods and Results: After artificial infection with a variety of Aeromonas spp., mRNA extracts from the two models were processed and hydridized to murine microarrays to determine host gene response. Definition of virulence was determined based on host mRNA production in murine neonatal intestinal tissue and mortality of infected animals. Infections of mouse intestinal cell cultures were then performed to determine whether this simpler model system's mRNA responses correlated to neonatal results and therefore be predictive of virulence of Aeromonas spp. Virulent aeromonads up-regulated transcripts in both models including multiple host defense gene products (chemokines, regulation of transcription and apoptosis and cell signalling). Avirulent species exhibited little or no host response in neonates. Mortality results correlated well with both bacterial dose and average fold change of up-regulated transcripts in the neonatal mice. Conclusions: Cell culture results were less discriminating but showed promise as potentially being able to be predictive of virulence. Jun oncogene up-regulation in murine cell culture is potentially predictive of Aeromonas virulence. Significance and Impact of the Study: Having the ability to determine virulence of waterborne pathogens quickly would potentially assist public health officials to rapidly assess exposure risks. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hayes, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hayes.sam@epa.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 103 IS 4 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03318.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215QY UT WOS:000249825300008 PM 17897183 ER PT J AU Brown, GS Betty, RG Brockmann, JE Lucero, DA Souza, CA Walsh, KS Boucher, RM Tezak, MS Wilson, MC Rudolph, T Lindquist, HDA Martinez, KF AF Brown, G. S. Betty, R. G. Brockmann, J. E. Lucero, D. A. Souza, C. A. Walsh, K. S. Boucher, R. M. Tezak, M. S. Wilson, M. C. Rudolph, T. Lindquist, H. D. A. Martinez, K. F. TI Evaluation of rayon swab surface sample collection method for Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sample recovery efficiency; spore sampling; surface sampling ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; ANTHRACIS AB Aim: To evaluate US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended swab surface sample collection method for recovery efficiency and limit of detection for powdered Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces. Methods and Results: Stainless steel and painted wallboard surface coupons were seeded with dry aerosolized Bacillus atrophaeus spores and surface concentrations determined. The observed mean rayon swab recovery efficiency from stainless steel was 0.41 with a standard deviation (SD) of +/- 0.17 and for painted wallboard was 0.41 with an SD of +/- 0.23. Evaluation of a sonication extraction method for the rayon swabs produced a mean extraction efficiency of 0.76 with an SD of +/- 0.12. Swab recovery quantitative limits of detection were estimated at 25 colony forming units (CFU) per sample area for both stainless steel and painted wallboard. Conclusions: The swab sample collection method may be appropriate for small area sampling (10 -25 cm(2)) with a high agent concentration, but has limited value for large surface areas with a low agent concentration. The results of this study provide information necessary for the interpretation of swab environmental sample collection data, that is, positive swab samples are indicative of high surface concentrations and may imply a potential for exposure, whereas negative swab samples do not assure that organisms are absent from the surfaces sampled and may not assure the absence of the potential for exposure. Significance and Impact of the Study: It is critical from a public health perspective that the information obtained is accurate and reproducible. The consequence of an inappropriate public health response founded on information gathered using an ineffective or unreliable sample collection method has the potential for undesired social and economic impact. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Orion Int Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Amer Staff Augmentat Providers, Albuquerque, NM USA. Tact Staffing Resources, Albuquerque, NM USA. US EPA, Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brown, GS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gbrown@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1080 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03331.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215QY UT WOS:000249825300037 PM 17897212 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV Choi, YW Richter, WR Rudnicki, DC Joseph, DW Sabourin, CLK Taylor, ML Chang, JCS AF Rogers, J. V. Choi, Y. W. Richter, W. R. Rudnicki, D. C. Joseph, D. W. Sabourin, C. L. K. Taylor, M. L. Chang, J. C. S. TI Formaldehyde gas inactivation of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus subtilis; decontamination; formaldehyde; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; spores ID BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE VAPOR; SPORICIDAL ACTIVITY; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; HEAT-RESISTANCE; DECONTAMINATION; SPORULATION; PROTEINS; ACID; STERILIZATION AB Aims: To evaluate the decontamination of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials using formaldehyde gas. Methods and Results: B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and G. stearothermophilus spores were dried on seven types of indoor surfaces and exposed to approx. 1100 ppm formaldehyde gas for 10 h. Formaldehyde exposure significantly decreased viable B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and G. stearothermophilus spores on all test materials. Significant differences were observed when comparing the reduction in viable spores of B. anthracis with B. subtilis (galvanized metal and painted wallboard paper) and G. stearothermophilus (industrial carpet and painted wallboard paper). Formaldehyde gas inactivated >= 50% of the biological indicators and spore strips (approx. 1 x 10(6) CFU) when analyzed after 1 and 7 days. Conclusions: Formaldehyde gas significantly reduced the number of viable spores on both porous and nonporous materials in which the two surrogates exhibited similar log reductions to that of B. anthracis on most test materials. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results provide new comparative information for the decontamination of B. anthracis spores with surrogates on indoor surfaces using formaldehyde gas. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rogers, JV (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave,JM-7, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM rogersjv@battelle.org NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03332.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215QY UT WOS:000249825300040 PM 17897215 ER PT J AU Mutlu, GM Green, D Bellmeyer, A Baker, CM Burgess, Z Rajamannan, N Christman, JW Foiles, N Kamp, DW Ghio, AJ Chandel, NS Dean, DA Sznajder, JI Budinger, GRS AF Mutlu, Goekhan M. Green, David Bellmeyer, Amy Baker, Christina M. Burgess, Zach Rajamannan, Nalini Christman, John W. Foiles, Nancy Kamp, David W. Ghio, Andrew J. Chandel, Navdeep S. Dean, David A. Sznajder, Jacob I. Budinger, G. R. Scott TI Ambient particulate matter accelerates coagulation via an IL-6-dependent pathway SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; AIR-POLLUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; PERIPHERAL THROMBOSIS; FACTOR-VIII; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB The mechanisms by which exposure to particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular events are not known. Recent human and animal data suggest that particulate matter may induce alterations in hemostatic factors. In this study we determined the mechanisms by which particulate matter might accelerate thrombosis. We found that mice treated with a dose of well characterized particulate matter of less than 10 mu M in diameter exhibited a shortened bleeding time, decreased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times (decreased plasma clotting times), increased levels of fibrinogen, and increased activity of factor II, VIII, and X. This prothrombotic tendency was associated with increased generation of intravascular thrombin, an acceleration of arterial thrombosis, and an increase in bronchoalveolar fluid concentration of the prothrombotic cytokine IL-6. Knockout mice lacking IL-6 were protected against particulate matter-induced intravascular thrombin formation and the acceleration of arterial thrombosis. Depletion of macrophages by the intratracheal administration of liposomal clodronate attenuated particulate matter-induced IL-6 production and the resultant prothrombotic tendency. Our findings suggest that exposure to particulate matter triggers IL-6 production by alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced clotting times, intravascular thrombin formation, and accelerated arterial thrombosis. These results provide a potential mechanism linking ambient particulate matter exposure and thrombotic events. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Illinois, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Chicago, IL USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mutlu, GM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 240 E Huron St,McGaw M-300, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-mutlu@northwestern.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL071643, HL059956, HL071643, P01 HL071643-030005, R01 HL059956, R01 HL059956-08]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES013995, ES015024, R01 ES013995, R01 ES015024] NR 48 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 117 IS 10 BP 2952 EP 2961 DI 10.1172/JCI30639 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 216QP UT WOS:000249894400026 PM 17885684 ER PT J AU Topper, H AF Topper, Henry Hank TI US EPA's community action for a renewed environment program and collaboration with CDC/ATSDR SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Community Act Renewed Environm Program, CoChair, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox Subs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Topper, H (reprint author), US EPA, Community Act Renewed Environm Program, CoChair, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox Subs, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM topper.henry@epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219QD UT WOS:000250098800008 PM 17941404 ER PT J AU Koehler, DA Spengler, JD AF Koehler, Dinah A. Spengler, John D. TI The toxic release inventory: Fact or fiction? A case study of the primary aluminum industry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION; INFORMATIONAL REGULATION; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; POLLUTION; PROTECTION; EMISSIONS; PARADIGM; HEALTH AB Since 1989 manufacturing facilities across the USA must report toxic chemical emissions to the EPA's toxic release inventory (TRI). Public release of this information and increased public scrutiny are believed to significantly contribute to the over 45% reduction in toxic chemical releases since inception of the program and to growing support for this type of informational regulation instead of traditional command-and-control. However, prior research indicates a tendency to under-report emissions. We find specific evidence of under-reporting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to the TRI by primary aluminum facilities after promulgation of the industry's maximum available control technology (MACT) standard in 1997. We also find evidence of dislocation of emission overseas due to these regulatory requirements. Additionally, changes in energy prices affected aluminum production and further distort reported PAH emissions levels. This suggests the possibility of more widespread under-reporting that is modulated by various factors, including market conditions and new regulations, and which may partially explain the downward trend in TRI emissions. It also suggests that the quality of TRI data may improve once facilities are subject to monitoring of emissions of a TRI listed pollutant due to command-and-control regulation.(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Koehler, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, 8722F,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Koehler.dinah@epa.gov; spengler@hsph.harvard.edu NR 51 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 296 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210ZS UT WOS:000249494700004 PM 17240526 ER PT J AU Varughese, EA Wymer, LJ Haugland, RA AF Varughese, Eunice A. Wymer, Larry J. Haugland, Richard A. TI An integrated culture and real-time PCR method to assess viability of disinfectant treated Bacillus spores using robotics and the MPN quantification method SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; disinfection; MPN; robotics; recovery of injured spores ID QUANTITATIVE PCR; ANTHRACIS CONTAMINATION; SUBTILIS SPORES; STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; CHLORINATION; INACTIVATION; ENVIRONMENTS; SURFACES; RECOVERY; SAMPLES AB Using robotics and the MPN technique, a 96-microwell method was developed to compare two procedures for enumeration of viable chlorine-treated B. atrophaeus spores: broth-culture enrichment followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis; and filter plating on agar. Recoveries of chlorine-treated spores were improved by broth enrichment over filter plating, whereas recoveries of non-treated spores were not different in the two procedures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varughese, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varughese.eunice@epa.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.07.011 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 224DL UT WOS:000250426100010 PM 17804100 ER PT J AU Riner, DK Mullin, AS Lucas, SY Cross, JH Lindquist, HDA AF Riner, Diana K. Mullin, Andrew S. Lucas, Sasha Y. Cross, John H. Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Enhanced concentration and isolation of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts from human fecal samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cyclospora cayetanensis; detachment solution; flow cytometry; renocal-sucrose gradient ID DIAGNOSIS AB Cyclospora cayetanensis is the causative agent of cyclosporiasis, an emerging infectious disease. We present a new method for the purification of C cayetanensis oocysts from feces using a modified detachment solution and Renocal-sucrose gradient sedimentation. This method yields oocysts free from adherent fecal debris and amenable to processing using flow cytometry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lindquist.alan@epa.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.021 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 224DL UT WOS:000250426100012 PM 17698229 ER PT J AU Marczak, ED Jinsmaa, Y Li, T Bryant, SD Tsuda, Y Okada, Y Lazarus, LH AF Marczak, Ewa D. Jinsmaa, Yunden Li, Tingyou Bryant, Sharon D. Tsuda, Yuko Okada, Yoshio Lazarus, Lawrence H. TI [N-Allyl-Dmt(1)]-Endomorphins are mu-opioid receptor antagonists lacking inverse agonist properties SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Narcotics Research Conference CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Paul, MN ID BASAL SIGNALING ACTIVITY; ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; NEUTRAL ANTAGONISTS; NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE; CHRONIC MORPHINE; KNOCKOUT MICE; UP-REGULATION; NEURAL CELLS; WILD-TYPE; NALOXONE AB [N-Allyl- Dmt(1)]-endomorphin-1 and -2 ([N-allyl-Dmt(1)]-EM-1 and -2) are new selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists obtained by N-alkylation with an allyl group on the amino terminus of 2 ', 6 '-dimethyl- L-tyrosine (Dmt) derivatives. To further characterize properties of these compounds, their intrinsic activities were assessed by functional guanosine 5 '-O-(3-[S-35] thiotriphosphate) binding assays and forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in cell membranes obtained from vehicle, morphine, and ethanol-treated SK-N-SH cells and brain membranes isolated from naive and morphine-dependent mice; their mode of action was compared with naloxone or naltrexone, which both are standard nonspecific opioid-receptor antagonists. [N-Allyl-Dmt(1)]-EM-1 and -2 were neutral antagonists under all of the experimental conditions examined, in contrast to naloxone and naltrexone, which behave as neutral antagonists only in membranes from vehicle-treated cells and mice but act as inverse agonists in membranes from morphine- and ethanol-treated cells as well as morphine- treated mice. Both endomorphin analogs inhibited the naloxone- and naltrexone-elicited withdrawal syndromes from acute morphine dependence in mice. This suggests their potential therapeutic application in the treatment of drug addiction and alcohol abuse without the adverse effects observed with inverse agonist alkaloid-derived compounds that produce severe withdrawal symptoms. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Jilin Univ, Dept Chem, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Dept Med Chem, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, High Technol Res Ctr, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. RP Marczak, ED (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, POB 12233,MD C304, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM marczake@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 323 IS 1 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1124/jpet.107.125807 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 212IF UT WOS:000249588900042 PM 17626793 ER PT J AU Yan, S Subramanian, SB Mohammedi, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Lohani, BN AF Yan, S. Subramanian, S. Bala Mohammedi, S. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Lohani, B. N. TI Wastewater sludge as a raw material for biopesticides production-impact of seasonal variations SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT IWA Specialist Conference on Facing Sludge Diversities CY MAR 28-30, 2007 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP IWA, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Environm Engn Dept, Middle E Tech Univ Turkey ID THURINGIENSIS-BASED BIOPESTICIDES AB Wastewater sludge is a very good nutritional source for growth of industrial microorganisms to produce value added products such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides. Biopesticides production using synthetic medium is expensive. Therefore sludge (containing high nutritive values) could replace the commercial synthetic medium, which is economical due to low or zero cost of the raw material. Due to extreme seasonal variations in municipal wastewater treatment plants, the sludge characteristics may change and consequently affect the biopesticide yield when sludge is used as a raw material. Therefore, it was essential to study the reproducibility of entomotoxicity and other Bt growth related parameters with seasonal variations of sludge characteristics. Municipal wastewater sludge samples were collected from wastewater treatment plant over a period of one year at different times and were used for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt kurstaki HD-1) based biopesticide in shake flask experiments. The composition of sludge was found to vary during different seasons. The progress of biopesticide production process was studied by measuring total viable cell count (TC), total viable spore count (VS) and entornotoxicity (Tx). The values of TC varied from 6.00E+07 to 2.40E+08 CFU/ml, the generation time changed between 0.8 to 1.3 h and sporulation varied from 80-88%. The entomotoxicity value also varied but the variation was not high. There was no correlation of entomotoxicity with spore or viable cell concentration. C1 Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ GIK 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ GIK 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 232EI UT WOS:000251000700004 ER PT J AU Bouali, H Nietert, P Nowling, TM Pandey, J Dooley, MA Cooper, G Harley, J Kamen, DL Oates, J Gilkeson, G AF Bouali, Henda Nietert, Paul Nowling, Tamara M. Pandey, Janardan Dooley, Mary Anne Cooper, Glinda Harley, John Kamen, Diane L. Oates, Jim Gilkeson, Gary TI Association of the G-463A myeloperoxidase gene polymorphism with renal disease in African Americans with systemic lupus erythematosus SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; myeloperoxidase; polymorphism; African American; lupus nephritis ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS; RISK; MICE; DNA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PEROXIDASES; EXPRESSION; KIDNEY; MPO AB Objective. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme expressed in neutrophils that is involved in tissue damage in inflammatory renal diseases. A functional G to A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is present at position -463 of the MPO promoter region and is associated with altered MPO expression. We hypothesized that the G-463A MPO SNP is a risk factor for developing lupus nephritis (LN) due to its potential influence on the inflammatory response. Methods. DNA from 229 patients with SLE and 277 controls from the Carolina Lupus cohort, 58 African American patients from the Sea Island Lupus Cohort, and 51 African American patients from the Lupus Multiplex Registry and Repository were genotyped by PCR. A linear regression model was used to examine relationships between the MPO genotype, case/control status, demographic characteristics, and LN. Results. There was no association of MPO genotype with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the odds of developing LN were significantly higher among those with an A allele, compared to those without, in African American cases of all 3 cohorts. When the likelihood of developing LN was compared across MPO genotypes, the risk of developing LN was significantly higher among cases with a GA genotype versus GG (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.97) and even higher with AA versus GG (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.41 to 8.77). Conclusion. While the G-463A MPO SNP is not a risk factor for developing SLE, the low expressing A allele is a significant risk factor for developing LN that is gene dosage-dependent in African Americans. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ N Carolina, Affiliated Hosp, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Ralph H Johnson VA Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Gilkeson, G (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, 96 Jonathan Lucas St,Suite 912,POB 250623, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM gilkeson@musc.edu OI Nietert, Paul/0000-0002-3933-4986 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR001070-280263, M01 RR001070-220263, M01 RR001070-25A10263, M01 RR001070-240263, M01 RR001070, M01 RR001070-24S50263, M01 RR001070-25A1S20263, M01 RR001070-230263, M01 RR001070-260263, M01 RR001070-270263, M01 RR001070-25A1S10263]; NIAMS NIH HHS [P60 AR049459, AR47469, P30 AR053483] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2028 EP 2034 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 217OB UT WOS:000249956100015 PM 17896805 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Axelrad, R Wattigney, WA AF Jones, Sherry Everett Axelrad, Robert Wattigney, Wendy A. TI Healthy and safe school environment, part II, physical school environment: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLASSROOM FLOORS; ALLERGENS; ASTHMA; DUST; MITE; DAMPNESS; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; MOLD; AIR AB BACKGROUND: As society continues to focus on the importance of academic achievement, the physical environment of schools should be addressed as 1 of the critical factors that influence academic outcomes. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006 provides, for the first time, a comprehensive look at the extent to which schools have health-promoting physical school environment policies and programs. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the SHPPS every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 424). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 992). RESULTS: One third (35.4%) of districts and 51.4% of schools had an indoor air quality management program; 35.3% of districts had a school bus engine-idling reduction program; most districts and schools had a policy or plan for how to use, label, store, dispose of, and reduce the use of hazardous materials; 24.5% of states required districts or schools to follow an integrated pest management program; and 13.4% of districts had a policy to include green design when building new school buildings or renovating existing buildings. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 results can guide education and health agency actions in developing and implementing evidence-based tools, policies, programs, and interventions to ensure a safe and healthy physical school environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Indoor Environm Div 6609J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Agcy Toxis Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; axelrad.bob@epa.gov; wwattigney@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 544 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00234.x PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700010 PM 17908107 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Watson, JG Feldman, HJ Nolen, JE Wallerstein, B Hidy, GM Lioy, PJ Mckee, H Mobley, D Baugues, K Bachmann, JD AF Chow, Judith C. Watson, John G. Feldman, Howard J. Nolen, Janice E. Wallerstein, Barry Hidy, George M. Lioy, Paul J. Mckee, Herbert Mobley, David Baugues, Keith Bachmann, John D. TI Will the circle be unbroken: A history of the US national ambient air quality standards SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; STATIONARY SOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POLLUTION CONTROL; OZONE PRECURSORS; DIESEL-ENGINES; EMISSION; HEALTH; LINES C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. American Petroleum Inst, Washington, DC USA. Amer Lung Assoc, Raleigh, NC USA. S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Rutgers Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. KERAMIDA Environm, Indianapolis, IN USA. Vis Air Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; NR 122 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1151 EP 1163 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1151 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220MK UT WOS:000250160600001 PM 17972760 ER PT J AU Lough, GC Christensen, CG Schauer, JJ Tortorelli, J Mani, E Lawson, DR Clark, NN Gabele, PA AF Lough, Glynis C. Christensen, Charles G. Schauer, James J. Tortorelli, James Mani, Erin Lawson, Douglas R. Clark, Nigel N. Gabele, Peter A. TI Development of molecular marker source profiles for emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicle fleets SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOTOR-VEHICLES; EXHAUST; AEROSOL; CARBON; TRUCKS; PHASE; RATES AB As part of the Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study, relatively large fleets of gasoline vehicles(53) and diesel vehicles(34) were tested on a chassis dynamometer to develop chemical source profiles for source attribution of atmospheric particulate matter in California's South Coast Air Basin. Gasoline vehicles were tested in cold-start and warm-start conditions, and diesel vehicles were tested through several driving cycles. Tailpipe emissions of particulate matter were analyzed for organic tracer compounds, including hopanes, steranes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Large intervehicle variation was seen in emission rate and composition, and results were averaged to examine the impacts of vehicle ages, weight classes, and driving cycles on the variation. Average profiles, weighted by mass emission rate, had much lower uncertainty than that associated with intervehicle variation. Mass emission rates and elemental carbon/organic carbon (EC/OC) ratios for gasoline vehicle age classes were influenced most by use of cold-start or warm-start driving cycle (factor of 2-7). Individual smoker vehicles had a large range of mass and EC/OC (factors of 40 and 625, respectively). Gasoline vehicle age averages, data on vehicle ages and miles traveled in the area, and several assumptions about smoker contributions were used to create emissions profiles representative of on-road vehicle fleets in the Los Angeles area in 2001. In the representative gasoline fleet profiles, variation was further reduced, with cold-start or warm-start and the representation of smoker vehicles making a difference of approximately a factor of two in mass emission rate and EC/OC. Diesel vehicle profiles were created on the basis of vehicle age, weight class, and driving cycle. Mass emission rate and EC/OC for diesel averages were influenced by vehicle age (factor of 2-5), weight class (factor of 2-7), and driving cycle (factor of 10-20). Absolute and relative emissions of molecular marker compounds showed levels of variation similar to those of mass and EC/OC. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jjschauer@wisc.edu OI Lough, Glynis/0000-0002-9152-6520 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 9 U2 39 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1199 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1190 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220MK UT WOS:000250160600005 PM 17972764 ER PT J AU Mohamoud, YM AF Mohamoud, Yusuf M. TI Enhancing hydrological simulation program - FORTRAN model channel hydraulic representation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE channel hydraulic representation; hydraulic processes; flow velocity; sediment modeling; Manning roughness; FTABLE ID NORTH REELFOOT CREEK; RIVER-BASIN; HSPF; TRANSPORT; SWAT AB The hydrological simulation program - FORTRAN ( HSPF) is a comprehensive watershed model that employs depth- area- volume- flow relationships known as the hydraulic function table ( FTABLE) to represent the hydraulic characteristics of stream channel cross- sections and reservoirs. An accurate FTABLE determination for a stream cross- section site requires an accurate determination of mean flow depth, mean flow width, roughness coefficient, longitudinal bed slope, and length of stream reach. A method that uses regional regression equations to estimate mean flow depth, mean flow width, and roughness coefficient is presented herein. FTABLES generated by the proposed method ( Alternative Method) and FTABLES generated by Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources ( BASINS) were compared. As a result, the Alternative Method was judged to be an enhancement over the BASINS method. First, the Alternative Method employs a spatially variable roughness coefficient, whereas BASINS employs an arbitrarily selected spatially uniform roughness coefficient. Second, the Alternative Method uses mean flow width and mean flow depth estimated from regional regression equations whereas BASINS uses mean flow width and depth extracted from the National Hydrography Dataset ( NHD). Third, the Alternative Method offers an option to use separate roughness coefficients for the in- channel and floodplain sections of compound channels. Fourth, the Alternative Method has higher resolution in the sense that area, volume, and flow data are calculated at smaller depth intervals than the BASINS method. To test whether the Alternative Method enhances channel hydraulic representation over the BASINS method, comparisons of observed and simulated streamflow, flow velocity, and suspended sediment were made for four test watersheds. These comparisons revealed that the method used to estimate the FTABLE has little influence on hydrologic calibration, but greatly influences hydraulic and suspended sediment calibration. The hydrologic calibration results showed that observed versus simulated daily streamflow comparisons had Nash- Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.50 to 0.61 and monthly comparisons had efficiencies ranging from 0.61 to 0.84. Comparisons of observed and simulated suspended sediments concentrations had model efficiencies ranging from 0.48 to 0.56 for the daily, and 0.28 to 0.70 for the monthly comparisons. The overall results of the hydrological, hydraulic, and suspended sediment concentration comparisons show that the Alternative Method yielded a relatively more accurate FTABLE than the BASINS method. This study concludes that hydraulic calibration enhances suspended sediment simulation performance, but even greater improvement in suspended sediment calibration can be achieved when hydrological simulation performance is improved. Any improvements in hydrological simulation performance are subject to improvements in the temporal and spatial representation of the precipitation data. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mohamoud, YM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mohamoud.yusuf@epa.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1292 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00113.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500017 ER PT J AU Faustini, JM Kaufmann, PR AF Faustini, John M. Kaufmann, Philip R. TI Adequacy of visually classified particle count statistics from regional stream habitat surveys SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; streambed sediment; monitoring; pebble counts; visual classification; sampling precision ID FINE SEDIMENT; PEBBLE COUNTS; BED-LOAD; RIVERS; SALMONIDS; PROGRAMS; SURVIVAL; CHANNELS; EROSION; QUALITY AB Streamlined sampling procedures must be used to achieve a sufficient sample size with limited resources in studies undertaken to evaluate habitat status and potential management- related habitat degradation at a regional scale. At the same time, these sampling procedures must achieve sufficient precision to answer science and policy- relevant questions with an acceptable and statistically quantifiable level of uncertainty. In this paper, we examine precision and sources of error in streambed substrate characterization using data from the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP) of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, which uses a modified "pebble count'' method in which particle sizes are visually estimated rather than measured. While the coarse ( 2 phi) size classes used in EMAP have little effect on the precision of estimated geometric mean ( D-gm) or median ( D-50) particle diameter, variable classification bias among observers can contribute as much as 0.3 phi, or about 15-20%, to the root- mean- square error (RMSE) of D-gm or D-50 estimates. D-gm and D-50 estimates based on EMAP data are nearly equal when fine sediments (< 2 mm) are excluded, but otherwise can differ by up to a factor of 2 or more, with D-gm < D-50 for gravel- bed streams. The RMSE of reach- scale particle size estimates based on visually classified particle count data from EMAP surveys, including variability associated with reoccupying unmarked sample reaches during revisits, is up to five to seven times higher than that reported for traditional measured pebble counts by multiple observers at a plot scale. Nonetheless, a variance partitioning analysis shows that the ratio of among site to revisit variance for several EMAP substrate metrics exceeds 8 for many potential regions of interest, suggesting that the data have adequate precision to be useful in regional assessments of channel morphology, habitat quality, or ecological condition. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Faustini, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM faustini.john@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 NR 59 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1315 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00114.x PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500018 ER PT J AU Melendi, GA Zavala, F Buchholz, UJ Boivin, G Collins, PL Kleeberger, SR Polack, FP AF Melendi, Guillermina A. Zavala, Fidel Buchholz, Ursula J. Boivin, Guy Collins, Peter L. Kleeberger, Steven R. Polack, Fernando P. TI Mapping and characterization of the primary and anamnestic H-2(d)-restricted cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte response in mice against human metapneumovirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PRIMARY INFECTION; TRACT DISEASE; BALB/C MICE; PROTEIN; EPITOPE; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODIES AB Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important for the control of virus replication during respiratory infections. For human metapneumovirus (hMPV), an H-2(d) -restricted CTL epitope in the M2-2 protein has been described. In this study, we screened the hMPV F, G, N, M, M2-1, and M2-2 proteins using three independent algorithms to predict H-2(d) CTL epitopes in BALB/c mice. A dominant epitope (GYIDDNQSI) in positions 81 to 89 of the antitermination factor M2-1 and a subdominant epitope (SPKAGLLSL) in N307-315 were detected during the anti-hMPV CTL response. Passive transfer of CD8(+) T-cell lines against M2-1(81-89) and N307-315 protected Ragl(-/-) mice against hMPV challenge. Interestingly, diversification of CTL targets to include multiple epitopes was observed after repetitive infections. A subdominant response against the previously described M2-2 epitope was detected after the third infection. An understanding of the CTL response against hMPV is important for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against the virus. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Fdn INFANT, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Quebec, Cent Hosp, Res Ctr Infect Dis, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Polack, FP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 615 N Wolfe St,E5202, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM fpolick@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054952, AI-054952, R21 AI054952] NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 20 BP 11461 EP 11467 DI 10.1128/JVI.02423-06 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 218MK UT WOS:000250019400059 PM 17670840 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Gibb, H Grant, L Pinto, J Pleil, J Cleverly, D AF Lorber, Matthew Gibb, Herman Grant, Lester Pinto, Joseph Pleil, Joachim Cleverly, David TI Assessment of inhalation exposures and potential health risks to the general population that resulted from the collapse of the World Trade Center towers SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE inhalation exposure; risk assessment; World Trade Center ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; CENTER DISASTER; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LOWER MANHATTAN; CENTER SITE; FIREFIGHTERS; DIOXINS; COUGH; FIRE; AIR AB In the days following the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001 (9/11), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the ongoing impact of emissions from that disaster. Using these data, EPA conducted an inhalation exposure and human health risk assessment to the general population. This assessment does not address exposures and potential impacts that could have occurred to rescue workers, firefighters, and other site workers, nor does it address exposures that could have occurred in the indoor environment. Contaminants evaluated include particulate matter (PM), metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, asbestos, volatile organic compounds, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, silica, and synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs). This evaluation yielded three principal findings. (1) Persons exposed to extremely high levels of ambient PM and its components, SVFs, and other contaminants during the collapse of the WTC towers, and for several hours afterward, were likely to be at risk for acute and potentially chronic respiratory effects. (2) Available data suggest that contaminant concentrations within and near ground zero (GZ) remained significantly elevated above background levels for a few days after 9/11. Because only limited data on these critical few days were available, exposures and potential health impacts could not be evaluated with certainty for this time period. (3) Except for inhalation exposures that may have occurred on 9/11 and a few days afterward, the ambient air concentration data suggest that persons in the general population were unlikely to suffer short-term or long-term adverse health effects caused by inhalation exposures. While this analysis by EPA evaluated the potential for health impacts based on measured air concentrations, epidemiological studies conducted by organizations other than EPA have attempted to identify actual impacts. Such studies have identified respiratory effects in worker and general populations, and developmental effects in newborns whose mothers were near GZ on 9/11 or shortly thereafter. While researchers are not able to identify specific times and even exactly which contaminants are the cause of these effects, they have nonetheless concluded that exposure to WTC contaminants (and/or maternal stress, in the case of developmental effects) resulted in these effects, and have identified the time period including 9/11 itself and the days and few weeks afterward as a period of most concern based on high concentrations of key pollutants in the air and dust. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Sci Int, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1221 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00956.x PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 237ZU UT WOS:000251417000012 PM 18076491 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, RP Crump, KS Van Landingham, C White, P Chen, C Schlosser, PM AF Subramaniam, Ravi P. Crump, Kenny S. Van Landingham, Cynthia White, Paul Chen, Chao Schlosser, Paul M. TI Uncertainties in the CIIT model for formaldehyde-induced carcinogenicity in the rat: A limited sensitivity analysis-I SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cell replication; DNA protein cross-links; formaldehyde; mutation; two-stage model ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; CLONAL EXPANSION MODEL; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; LONG-TERM; CELL-PROLIFERATION; FLUX PREDICTIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CANCER; INHALATION; TOXICITY AB Scientists at the CIIT Centers for Health Research (Conolly et al., 2000, 2003; Kimbell et al., 2001a, 2001b) developed a two-stage clonal expansion model of formaldehyde-induced nasal cancers in the F344 rat that made extensive use of mechanistic information. An inference of their modeling approach was that formaldehyde-induced tumorigenicity could be optimally explained without the role of formaldehyde's mutagenic action. In this article, we examine the strength of this result and modify select features to examine the sensitivity of the predicted dose response to select assumptions. We implement solutions to the two-stage cancer model that are valid for nonhomogeneous models (i.e., models with time-dependent parameters), thus accounting for time dependence in variables. In this reimplementation, we examine the sensitivity of model predictions to pooling historical and concurrent control data, and to lumping sacrificed animals in which tumors were discovered incidentally with those in which death was caused by the tumors. We found the CIIT model results were not significantly altered with the nonhomogeneous solutions. Dose-response predictions below the range of exposures where tumors occurred in the bioassays were highly sensitive to the choice of control data. In the range of exposures where tumors were observed, the model attributed up to 74% of the added tumor probability to formaldehyde's mutagenic action when our reanalysis restricted the use of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) historical control data to only those obtained from inhalation exposures. Model results were insensitive to hourly or daily temporal variations in DNA protein cross-link (DPX) concentration, a surrogate for the dose-metric linked to formaldehyde-induced mutations, prompting us to utilize weekly averages for this quantity. Various other biological and mathematical uncertainties in the model have been retained unmodified in this analysis. These include model specification of initiated cell division and death rates, and uncertainty and variability in the dose response for cell replication rates, issues that will be considered in a future paper. C1 US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ENVIRON Int Corp, Monroe, LA USA. RP Subramaniam, RP (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Mailcode 8623-D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Subrama-niam.Ravi@epa.gov OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1254 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00968.x PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 237ZU UT WOS:000251417000014 PM 18076493 ER PT J AU Kan, HD Heiss, G Rose, KM Whitsel, E Lurmann, F London, SJ AF Kan, Haidong Heiss, Gerardo Rose, Kathryn M. Whitsel, Eric Lurmann, Fred London, Stephanie J. TI Traffic exposure and lung function in adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study SO THORAX LA English DT Article ID URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CHILDREN; HEALTH; SMOKING AB Background: Traffic exposure is a major contributor to ambient air pollution for people living close to busy roads. The relationship between traffic exposure and lung function remains inconclusive in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between traffic exposure and lung function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a community based cohort of 15 792 middle aged men and women. Traffic density and distance to major roads were used as measures of traffic exposure. Results: After controlling for potential confounders including demographic factors, personal and neighbourhood level socioeconomic characteristics, cigarette smoking and background air pollution, higher traffic density was significantly associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in women. Relative to the lowest quartile of traffic density, the adjusted differences across increasing quartiles were 5.1, -15.4 and -21.5 ml for FEV(1) (p value of linear trend across the quartiles = 0.041) and 1.2, -23.4 and -34.8 ml for FVC (p trend = 0.010). Using distance from major roads as a simpler index of traffic related air pollution exposure, the FEV(1) was -15.7 ml (95% CI -34.4 to 2.9) lower and the FVC was -24.2 ml (95% CI -46.2 to -2.3) lower for women living within 150 m compared with subjects living further away. There was no significant effect of traffic density or distance to major roads on lung function in men. The FEV(1)/FVC ratio was not significantly associated with traffic exposure in either men or women. Conclusions: This is the largest published study of traffic exposure and pulmonary function in adults to date. These results add to growing evidence that chronic exposure to traffic related air pollution may adversely affect respiratory health. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES043012-09]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55019, N01 HC55015, N01 HC55016, N01 HC55018, N01 HC55019, N01 HC55020, N01 HC55021, N01 HC55022, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES043012] NR 59 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 10 BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1136/thx.2006.073015 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 216HE UT WOS:000249868300009 PM 17442705 ER PT J AU Lau, C Anitole, K Hodes, C Lai, D Pfahles-Hutchens, A Seed, J AF Lau, Christopher Anitole, Katherine Hodes, Colette Lai, David Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea Seed, Jennifer TI Perfluoroalkyl acids: A review of monitoring and toxicological findings SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE perfluoroalkyl acids; PFOS; biomonitoring ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONIC-ACID; PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOL BIODEGRADATION; HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT AB In recent years, human and wildlife monitoring studies have identified perfluoroalkyl acids ( PFAA) worldwide. This has led to efforts to better understand the hazards that may be inherent in these compounds, as well as the global distribution of the PFAAs. Much attention has focused on understanding the toxicology of the two most widely known PFAAs, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfate. More recently, research was extended to other PFAAs. There has been substantial progress in understanding additional aspects of the toxicology of these compounds, particularly related to the developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and the potential modes of action. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the toxicology and mode of action for PFAAs, and of the monitoring data now available for the environment, wildlife, and humans. Several avenues of research are proposed that would further our understanding of this class of compounds. C1 US EPA 7403M, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Seed, J (reprint author), US EPA 7403M, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM jennifer@epa.gov NR 292 TC 995 Z9 1050 U1 58 U2 427 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 366 EP 394 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 216NW UT WOS:000249885900002 PM 17519394 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Chiu, WA Setzer, RW Andersen, ME Bailer, AJ Bois, FY Dewoskin, RS Hays, S Johanson, G Jones, N Loizou, G MacPhail, RC Portier, CJ Spendiff, M Tan, YM AF Barton, Hugh A. Chiu, Weihsueh A. Setzer, R. Woodrow Andersen, Melvin E. Bailer, A. John Bois, Frederic Y. DeWoskin, Robert S. Hays, Sean Johanson, Gunnar Jones, Nancy Loizou, George MacPhail, Robert C. Portier, Christopher J. Spendiff, Martin Tan, Yu-Mei TI Characterizing uncertainty and variability in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models: State of the science and needs for research and implementation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; uncertainty; population variability; nonlinear modeling; risk assessment; Bayesian models ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; METABOLISM; TOXICOKINETICS; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATION; DIAZEPAM; EXERCISE; CHLORIDE AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are used in mode-of-action based risk and safety assessments to estimate internal dosimetry in animals and humans. When used in risk assessment, these models can provide a basis for extrapolating between species, doses, and exposure routes or for justifying nondefault values for uncertainty factors. Characterization of uncertainty and variability is increasingly recognized as important for risk assessment; this represents a continuing challenge for both PBPK modelers and users. Current practices show significant progress in specifying deterministic biological models and nondeterministic (often statistical) models, estimating parameters using diverse data sets from multiple sources, using them to make predictions, and characterizing uncertainty and variability of model parameters and predictions. The International Workshop on Uncertainty and Variability in PBPK Models, held 31 Oct-2 Nov 2006, identified the state-of-the-science, needed changes in practice and implementation, and research priorities. For the short term, these include (1) multidisciplinary teams to integrate deterministic and nondeterministic/statistical models; (2) broader use of sensitivity analyses, including for structural and global (rather than local) parameter changes; and (3) enhanced transparency and reproducibility through improved documentation of model structure(s), parameter values, sensitivity and other analyses, and supporting, discrepant, or excluded data. Longer-term needs include (1) theoretical and practical methodological improvements for nondeterministic/statistical modeling; (2) better methods for evaluating alternative model structures; (3) peer-reviewed databases of parameters and covariates, and their distributions; (4) expanded coverage of PBPK models across chemicals with different properties; and (5) training and reference materials, such as cases studies, bibliographies/glossaries, model repositories, and enhanced software. The multidisciplinary dialogue initiated by this Workshop will foster the collaboration, research, data collection, and training necessary to make characterizing uncertainty and variability a standard practice in PBPK modeling and risk assessment. Key Words: physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; uncertainty; population variability; nonlinear modeling; risk assessment; Bayesian models. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Unite Toxicol Expt, Natl Environm Ind & Risques, F-60550 Vernuil En Halatte, France. Summit Toxicol, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. EC R Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. Hlth & Safety Lab, Buxton S17 9JN, England. US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, ORD, B205-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barton.hugh@epa.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391; Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Johanson, Gunnar/0000-0002-8759-9567 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm100 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 216NW UT WOS:000249885900003 PM 17483121 ER PT J AU Leavens, TL Blount, BC DeMarini, DM Madden, MC Valentine, JL Case, MW Silva, LK Warren, SH Hanley, NM Pegram, RA AF Leavens, Teresa L. Blount, Benjamin C. DeMarini, David M. Madden, Michael C. Valentine, John L. Case, Martin W. Silva, Lalith K. Warren, Sarah H. Hanley, Nancy M. Pegram, Rex A. TI Disposition of bromodichloromethane in humans following oral and dermal exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bromodichloromethane; pharmacokinetics; dermal absorption; oral absorption ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; TAP WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; TRANSFERASE-THETA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLADDER-CANCER; TREATED WATER; BUTYL ETHER; GLUTATHIONE AB Exposure to bromodichloromethane (BDCM), one of the most prevalent disinfection byproducts in drinking water, can occur via ingestion of water and by dermal absorption and inhalation during activities such as bathing and showering. The objectives of this research were to assess BDCM pharmacokinetics in human volunteers exposed percutaneously and orally to (13)C-BDCM and to evaluate factors that could affect disposition of BDCM. Among study subjects, CYP2E1 activity varied fourfold; 20% had the glutathione S-transferase theta 1-1 homozygous null genotype; and body fat ranged from 7 to 22%. Subjects were exposed to (13)C-BDCM in water (target concentration of 36 mu g/l) via ingestion and by forearm submersion. Blood was collected for up to 24 h and analyzed for (13)C-BDCM by solid-phase microextraction and high-resolution GC-MS. Urine was collected before and after exposure for mutagenicity determinations in Salmonella. After ingestion (mean dose 5 146 ng/kg), blood (13)C-BDCM concentrations peaked and declined rapidly, returning to levels near or below the limit of detection (LOD) within 4 h. The T(max) for the oral exposure ranged from 5 to 30 min, and the C(max) ranged from 0.4 to 4.1 ng/l. After the 1 h dermal exposure (estimated mean dose 5 155 ng/kg), blood concentrations of (13)C-BDCM ranged from 39 to 170 ng/l and decreased to levels near or below the LOD by 24 h. Peak postdose urine mutagenicity levels that were at least twice that of the predose mean level occurred in 6 of 10 percutaneously exposed subjects and 3 of 8 orally exposed subjects. These results demonstrate a highly significant contribution of dermal absorption to circulating levels of BDCM and confirm the much lower oral contribution, indicating that water uses involving dermal contact can lead to much greater systemic BDCM doses than water ingestion. These data will facilitate development and validation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for BDCM in humans. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pegram, RA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pegram.rex@epa.gov NR 62 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 432 EP 445 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm190 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 216NW UT WOS:000249885900007 PM 17656487 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Bercegeay, M Krantz, QT Kenyon, EM Bale, AS Shafer, TJ Bushnell, PJ Benignus, VA AF Boyes, William K. Bercegeay, Mark Krantz, Quentin Todd Kenyon, Elaina M. Bale, Ambuja S. Shafer, Timothy J. Bushnell, Philip J. Benignus, Vernon A. TI Acute toluene exposure and rat visual function in proportion to momentary brain concentration SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neurotoxicity; PBPK model; volatile organic compound; organic solvent; visual evoked potential ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE; REPEATED INHALATION; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; IN-VITRO; TOLERANCE; ABUSE; VALUES; BLOOD AB Acute exposure to toluene was assessed in two experiments to determine the relationship between brain toluene concentration and changes in neurophysiological function. The concentration of toluene in brain tissue at the time of assessment was estimated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Brain neurophysiological function was measured using pattern-elicited visual evoked potentials (VEP) recorded from electrodes located over visual cortex of adult male Long-Evans rats. In the first experiment, VEPs were recorded before and during exposure to control air or toluene at 1000 ppm for 4 h, 2000 ppm for 2 h, 3000 ppm for 1.3 h, or 4000 ppm for 1 h. In the second experiment, VEPs were recorded during and after exposure to clean air or 3000 or 4000 ppm toluene. In both experiments, the response amplitude of the major spectral component of the VEP (F2 at twice the stimulus rate in steady-state responses) was reduced by toluene. A logistic function was fit to baseline-adjusted F2 amplitudes from the first experiment that described a significant relationship between brain toluene concentration and VEP amplitude deficits. In the second experiment, 3000 ppm caused equivalent VEP deficits during or after exposure as a function of estimated brain concentration, but 4000 ppm showed a rapid partial adaptation to the acute effects of toluene after exposure. In general, however, the neurophysiological deficits caused by acute toluene exposure could be described by estimates of the momentary concentration of toluene in the brain at the time of VEP evaluation. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 572 EP 581 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm172 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 216NW UT WOS:000249885900019 PM 17623699 ER PT J AU Zhang, TC Dahab, MF Nunes, GS Hu, C Surampalli, R AF Zhang, Tian C. Dahab, Mohamed F. Nunes, Germana S. Hu, Cong Surampalli, Rao TI Phosphorus fate and transport in soil columns loaded intermittently with influent of high phosphorus concentrations SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; fate and transport; adsorption; land treatment system; life expectancy ID LAND TREATMENT SYSTEM; PACKED-BED REACTOR; PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION AB In this study, several columns of different lengths were filled with composite soils sampled from the field at corresponding depths and then loaded intermittently with influent of a high phosphorus concentration to evaluate phosphorus fate and transport in soil. The results indicate that the height of the mass transfer zone, solvent pore velocity, and soil's life expectancy for phosphorus removal increased with depth, while the retained phosphorus per kilogram of soil and the linear adsorption equilibrium coefficient, R, decreased with depth. An equation was developed to link liquid-phase phosphorus with solvent traveling time and soil depth. The results of X-ray diffraction and washout tests indicate that, calcium-phosphorus precipitation and/or crystal growth, occurred in the columns. The new protocol is useful for evaluation of phosphorus fate and transport in other subsurface systems, because it allows flexible adjustments in hydraulic loadings, feed solution, and sampling schemes. C1 PKI, CE Dept, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. US EPA, Reg 7 Off, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Zhang, TC (reprint author), PKI, CE Dept, 205D,1110 S 67th St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM tzhang1@unl.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 79 IS 11 BP 2343 EP 2351 DI 10.2175/106143007X184195 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 218NE UT WOS:000250021400012 PM 17966702 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Thibodeaux, JR Wood, CR Zehr, RD Schmid, JE Lau, C AF Rosen, Mitchell B. Thibodeaux, Julie R. Wood, Carmen R. Zehr, Robert D. Schmid, Judith E. Lau, Christopher TI Gene expression profiling in the lung and liver of PFOA-exposed mouse fetuses SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene profiling; fetus; liver; lung; perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOA; PPAR alpha ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; UNCONJUGATED BILE-ACIDS; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; PPAR-ALPHA; FATTY-ACIDS; X-RECEPTOR; CHOLESTEROL 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; GLYCEROL METABOLISM AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a stable perfluoroalkyl acid used to synthesize fluoropolymers during the manufacture of a wide variety of products. Concerns have been raised over the potential health effects of PFOA because it is persistent in the environment and can be detected in blood and other tissues of many animal species, including humans. PFOA has also been shown to induce growth deficits and mortality in murine neonates. To better understand the mechanism of PFOA induced developmental toxicity, lung and liver gene expression profiling was conducted in PFOA-exposed full-term mouse fetuses. Thirty timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed from gestation days 1-17 with either 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10 mg/(kg day) PFOA in water. At term, fetal lung and liver were collected, total RNA prepared, and samples pooled from three fetuses per litter. Five biological replicates consisting of individual litter samples were then evaluated for each treatment group using Affymetrix mouse 430_2 microarrays. The expression of genes related to fatty acid catabolism was altered in both the fetal liver and lung. In the fetal liver, the effects of PFOA were robust and also included genes associated with lipid transport, ketogenesis, glucose metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, steroid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, proteosome activation, and inflammation. These changes are consistent with transactivation of PPAR alpha, although, with regard to bile acid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, non-PPAR alpha related effects were. suggested as well. Additional studies will be needed to more thoroughly address the role of PPAR alpha, and other nuclear receptors, in PFOA mediated developmental toxicity. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Texicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rosen, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Texicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosen.mitch@epa.gov NR 79 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP 24 PY 2007 VL 239 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.095 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 214BO UT WOS:000249711200002 PM 17681415 ER PT J AU Qian, L Xu, Z Zhang, W Wilson, B Hong, JS Flood, PM AF Qian, Li Xu, Zongli Zhang, Wei Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong Flood, Patrick M. TI Sinomenine, a natural dextrorotatory morphinan analog, is anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of microglial NADPH oxidase SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALKALOID SINOMENINE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; TETRAZOLIUM SALT; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAT-BRAIN AB Background: The mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of inflammation resulting in dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and incompletely understood. Microglia-mediated inflammation has recently been implicated as a critical mechanism responsible for progressive neurodegeneration. Methods: Mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures and reconstituted cultures were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of sinomenine (SN)-mediated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in both the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated models of PD. Results: SN showed equivalent efficacy in protecting against DA neuron death in rat midbrain neuron-glial cultures at both micro-and sub-picomolar concentrations, but no protection was seen at nanomolar concentrations. The neuroprotective effect of SN was attributed to inhibition of microglial activation, since SN significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by microglia. In addition, from the therapeutic point of view, we focused on sub-picomolar concentration of SN for further mechanistic studies. We found that 10(-14) M of SN failed to protect DA neurons against MPP+-induced toxicity in the absence of microglia. More importantly, SN failed to show a protective effect in neuron-glia cultures from mice lacking functional NADPH oxidase (PHOX), a key enzyme for extracellular superoxide production in immune cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SN reduced LPS-induced extracellular ROS production through the inhibition of the PHOX cytosolic subunit p47phoxtranslocation to the cell membrane. Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that the protective effects of SN are most likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial PHOX activity. These findings suggest a novel therapy to treat inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. C1 Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Flood, PM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM qianl2@niehs.nih.gov; xuz@niehs.nih.gov; zw671104@yahoo.com; wilson3@niehs.nih.gov; hong3@niehs.nih.gov; pat_flood@dentistry.unc.edu OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-13079, P60 DE013079] NR 41 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-2094 J9 J NEUROINFLAMM JI J. Neuroinflamm. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-4-23 PG 14 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 230JQ UT WOS:000250873200001 PM 17880684 ER PT J AU Iovanna, R Newbold, SC AF Iovanna, Richard Newbold, Stephen C. TI Ecological sustainability in policy assessments: A wide-angle view and a close watch SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Forum on Sustainability Well Being and Environmental Protection CY DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US EPA, Office Res Develop ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; OPTIMIZATION; RESILIENCE AB We give a perspective from two practitioners on some of the challenges of addressing sustainability concerns in environmental policy assessments. We focus on the ecological dimension of sustainability, which is closely related to the concept of "ecosystem resilience." First, we discuss several recent benefit-cost analyses conducted by EPA that illustrate many of the practical difficulties analysts have faced when attempting to assess the ecological benefits of proposed regulations. Next, we discuss the importance of increased coordination of policy assessments among offices and agencies that traditionally operate more or less independently. We conclude by using a stylized model to illustrate how using an "adaptive management" approach to designing and evaluating policies can help to avoid some of the limitations of standard policy assessments highlighted in this special section of Ecological Economics and elsewhere. C1 USDA, FSA, Econ & Policy Anal Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Iovanna, R (reprint author), USDA, FSA, Econ & Policy Anal Staff, 3722 S Agr Bldg,Stop Code 0519,1400 Independence, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Rich.Iovanna@wdc.usda.gov; newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 202DW UT WOS:000248883200002 ER PT J AU Dye, JA Venier, M Zhu, L Ward, CR Hites, RA Birnbaum, LS AF Dye, Janice A. Venier, Marta Zhu, Lingyan Ward, Cynthia R. Hites, Ronald A. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Elevated PBDE levels in pet cats: Sentinels for humans? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HOUSE-DUST; FOOD; CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE; DIETARY AB Co-incident with the introduction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into household materials nearly 30 years ago, feline hyperthyroidism (FH) has increased dramatically. Risk of developing FH is associated with indoor living and consumption of canned catfood. We hypothesized that increases in FH were, in part, related to increased PBDE exposure, with key routes of exposure being diet and ingestion of house dust. This study was designed to determine whether body burdens of PBDEs in hyperthyroid (HT) cats were greater than that of young or sick non-HT cats. Serum samples and clinical information were collected from 23 cats. Serum and dry and canned cat food were analyzed for PBDEs. A spectrum of BDIE congeners was detected in all cats, with BDE-47, 99, 207, and 209 predominating. Mean +/- standard error (and median) cumulative Sigma PBDE serum concentrations of young, old non-HT, and HT cats were 4.3 +/- 1.5 (3.5), 10.5 +/- 3.5 (5.9), and 12.7 +/- 3.9 (6.2) ng/mL, respectively. Due to high variability within each group, no association was detected between HT cats and Sigma PBDE levels. Indicative of age- or disease-dependent changes in PBDE metabolism, BDE-47/99 ratios were inversely correlated with age, and 47/99 and 100/99 ratios in HT cats were significantly lower than those in the other cats. Overall, Sigma PBDE levels in cats were 20- to 100-fold greater than median levels in U.S. adults. Our results support the hypothesis that cats are highly exposed to PBDEs; hence, pet cats may serve as sentinels to better assess human exposure and adverse health outcomes related to low-level but chronic PBDE exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dye.janice@epa.gov NR 37 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6350 EP 6356 DI 10.1021/es0708159 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CA UT WOS:000249500700013 PM 17948778 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA AF Abdelrhman, Mohamed A. TI Embayment characteristic time and biology via tidal prism model SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE embayment; tidal prism model; characteristic time; concentration; threshold; biology; exposure ID RESIDENCE TIMES; SCALES; BAY; AGE AB Transport time scales are often offered by scientists, and accepted by ecologists, as qualitative indicators of the susceptibility of ecological components within an embayment. However, rigorous quantitative methods were never presented to confirm this intuition. Transport time scales in water bodies are classically based on their physical and chemical aspects rather than their ecological and biological character. The direct connection between a physical time scale and an ecological effect has to be investigated in order to quantitatively relate a transport time scale to ecology. This concept is presented here with some general guidelines and clarifying examples. To be able to relate physical time scales to biological processes, a simple tidal prism model is developed that calculates temporal changes in concentration and the related exposure. This approach provides a quick method to calculate the characteristic time for transport in a large number of embayments, which can also help in classification endeavors. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 4 BP 742 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.05.008 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211VZ UT WOS:000249552700014 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Tandem bis-aldol reaction of ketones: A facile one-pot synthesis of 1,3-dioxanes in aqueous medium SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; PRINS REACTION; CYCLIZATION REACTIONS; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SULFONIC-ACID; DERIVATIVES; AZACYCLOALKANES; CONDENSATION; EFFICIENT; MECHANISM AB [GRAPHICS] A novel tandem bis-aldol reaction of ketone with paraformaldehyde catalyzed by polystyrenesulfonic acid in aqueous medium delivers 1,3-dioxanes in high yield. This one-pot, operationally simple microwave-assisted synthetic protocol proceeds efficiently in water in the absence of organic solvent, with excellent yield. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 25 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 19 BP 7420 EP 7422 DI 10.1021/jo701337j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 209EG UT WOS:000249371200049 PM 17696550 ER PT J AU Sickles, J Shadwick, DS AF E. Sickles, Joseph, II Shadwick, Douglas S. TI Changes in air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States: 1990-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; TRENDS-NETWORK; AEROSOL NITRATE; ACT AMENDMENTS; PHASE-I; NITROGEN; USA; SULFUR; EMISSIONS; WET AB Data collected in the eastern United States (U.S.) between 1990 and 2004 at 34 dry and paired wet monitoring sites are examined. A goal is to evaluate the air quality impacts occurring between 1990 and 2004 resulting from legislatively mandated changes in emissions. Three 5-year periods, 1990-1994 (P1), 1995-1999 (P2), and 2000-2004 (P3) are considered. Period-to-period changes in selected pollutant metrics are examined, focusing on P1-to-P3 changes. Data are composed from reported weekly measurements into estimates of means for year, site, and season. The mean squared error derived from analysis of variance applied to these means for atmospheric concentration, dry deposition velocity, precipitation rate, and dry, wet and total deposition is used to examine differences between periods for seasons and predefined regional groupings of sites. Results suggest that relationships exist at the current scale between changes in both concentration and deposition of relevant atmospheric pollutants and changes in SO2 emissions that are generally less than 1:1 and that these disparities are more pronounced for SO42- (a reaction product) than SO2 (the primary pollutant). Coincident timing and location suggest that legislatively mandated summertime reductions in estimated NOx emissions contributed strongly to observed reductions of atmospheric HNO3 concentration and dry deposition in the eastern U. S. Less than 1: 1 relationships are also indicated at the current scale between changes in both concentration and deposition of the relevant measured secondary atmospheric pollutants, HNO3 and NO3-, and changes in NOx emissions. In the face of P1-to-P3 reductions in estimated emissions of both SO2 and NOx, wintertime changes in the sum of atmospheric SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations, relative to those for corresponding SO42- concentrations, range from reductions that are less than 1:1 to actual increases. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC USA. RP Sickles, J (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D17 AR D17301 DI 10.1029/2006JD007843 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 209CB UT WOS:000249364800001 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, Joseph E., II Shadwick, Douglas S. TI Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; TRENDS-NETWORK; WET DEPOSITION; CANOPY INTERACTIONS; AEROSOL NITRATE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; FOREST CANOPY; SULFUR; PRECIPITATION; MODEL AB The atmospheric concentration, wet deposition, and inferred dry deposition of selected air pollutants reported over two 5-year periods in the 1990s at or near 34 rural Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites located in the eastern United States (U.S.) are adjusted for known biases, composed into seasonal values, and examined. Several terms are defined for the current study, where OxN is the measured oxidized nitrogen (i.e., airborne OxN is the sum of airborne HNO3 and NO3-, expressed as nitrogen), NH4 is the measured reduced nitrogen (ie., airborne NH4 is the aerosol NH4+, expressed as nitrogen), N is the sum of measured oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, expressed as nitrogen, and S is the measured oxidized sulfur (i.e., airborne S is the sum of airborne SO2 and SO42-, expressed as sulfur). The atmospheric NH3 concentration is not monitored in the current study. Similar patterns of seasonal and regional behavior are found consistently in both periods. In the east, atmospheric concentration, estimated deposition velocity, precipitation rate, inferred dry deposition, wet deposition, and total (dry plus wet) deposition estimates of each of the monitored chemical constituents display regular seasonal cycles of behavior. High and low seasonal values occur in summer and winter, respectively, for atmospheric concentration and dry deposition of SO42-, NH4+, O-3, HNO3, and N; for dry OxN deposition; for wet S and H+ deposition; and for total OxN and N deposition. In contrast, high seasonal values of SO2 concentration and dry deposition, and atmospheric NO3- concentration occur in winter. In the east, SO2 composes a major portion (approximate to 70%) of the atmospheric S concentration and is the dominant (>85%) contributor to dry S deposition. Although aerosol NH4+ represents a major portion of the measured atmospheric N concentration (approximate to 67%), HNO3 dominates estimates of both dry OxN (>90%) and N (>75%) deposition. Dry deposition contributes approximate to 15%, 38%, and 43% to total deposition of NH4, OxN, and S, and these appear to be conservative estimates. Wet deposition is a major contributor to total deposition, generally peaking in summer or spring. Total S, OxN, and N deposition peak in summer. Although mean O-3 concentration is approximate to 70% larger in summer than winter, dry O-3 deposition estimates in the east are >5 times higher in summer. Within the uncertainty of current conservative estimates, dry deposition of SO42-, HNO3, OxN, N, and O-3 appears to be highest at the high-elevation subset of sites. This underscores the potential importance of dry deposition as a stressor to high-elevation ecosystems in the eastern U.S. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Nalt Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Nalt Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sickles.joseph@epa.gov NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D17 AR D17302 DI 10.1029/2006JD008356 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 209CB UT WOS:000249364800003 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Ghio, AJ Chang, W Kamdar, O Rosen, GD Upadhyay, D AF Zhang, J. Ghio, A. J. Chang, W. Kamdar, O. Rosen, G. D. Upadhyay, D. TI Bim mediates mitochondria-regulated particulate matter-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ambient air pollution particle; apoptosis; bim; particulate matter ID JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; AIR-POLLUTION; BCL-2 FAMILY; LUNG-CANCER; PARTICLES; PROTEINS; TRIGGERS; MEMBERS; DAMAGE; DEATH AB We studied the role of Bim, a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member in Airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5 mu m)-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). PM induced AEC apoptosis by causing significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation. PM upregulated pro-apoptotic protein Bim and enhanced translocation of Bim to the mitochondria. ShRNABim blocked PM-induced apoptosis by preventing activation of the mitochondrial death pathway suggesting a role of Bim in the regulation of mitochondrial pathway in AEC. Accordingly, we provide the evidence that Bim mediates PM-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. (c) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Upadhyay, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 300 Pasteur Dr,Rm H3143, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM upadhyay@stanford.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [F32 HL010487, HL 010487, K08 HL076674, K08 HL076674-01A2, K08 HL076674-02, K08 HL076674-03, K08 HL076674-04] NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 22 BP 4148 EP 4152 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.080 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 210SW UT WOS:000249476900004 PM 17716672 ER PT J AU Shirazi, MA Reporter, M AF Shirazi, Mostafa A. Reporter, Minocher TI A diurnal refletance model using grass: Surface-substrate inferaction and inverse solution SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; REFLECTANCE; ALBEDO AB The accuracy of using remote sensing data from earth orbiting radiometers can be improved by using a model that helps to separate the green-fraction in a canopy reflectance (p) from thatch and soil background, accounts for their diurnal changes, and inverts to a solution of a biophysical plant property of interest. Previous studies addressed one or more of these needs separately. Because reflectance components are interdependent, difficulties remain in obtaining a combined inverse solution. We combined a conditional probability method with a novel experimental procedure to predict grass dry weight (dw). Using simple ratio (SR) = near-infrared reflectance (NIR)/red that varied with the normalized time T = (local time sunset)/daylength, we predicted the mean differential grass dry weight, Delta dw = dw(1) - dw(2), of two grass patches. SR1 and dw(1) defined the first patch, which included a background and the second, SR2 and dw(2), a predefined background. The inverted solution for Delta dw was an ellipse with axes formed by the diurnal reflectance SR1 and SR2 coordinates. It described previously studied soil line and the zone of canopy X canopy X ground interactions. The standard error of predicting Delta dw was 17%. We separately tested for plant height SR = f(h) or fresh weight SR = f(fw) using SR, and for dw as a function of normalize difference vegetation index NDVI = f(dw). SR = f(dw) produced superior results. Potential applications include noninvasive prediction of other biophysical plant properties in a single or in hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance in agronomic and ecological remote sensing. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shirazi, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Shirazi.Mostafa@epa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1278 EP 1287 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0211 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 212IJ UT WOS:000249589600012 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MG O'Reilly, E Chen, H Schwarzschild, MA Ascherio, A AF Weisskopf, M. G. O'Reilly, E. Chen, H. Schwarzschild, M. A. Ascherio, A. TI Plasma urate and risk of Parkinson's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson disease; prospective studies; uric acid ID URIC-ACID LEVELS; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; BRAIN-BARRIER DYSFUNCTION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; PEROXYNITRITE; BLOOD; IRON; CONSUMPTION; PROTECTION AB Oxidative stress contributes to dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Urate, a potent antioxidant, could be neuroprotective. To determine whether higher plasma concentrations of urate predict a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease, the authors conducted a nested case-control study among participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a cohort comprising over 18,000 men who provided blood samples in 1993-1995. Eighty-four incident cases of Parkinson's disease were diagnosed through 2000, and each was randomly matched to two controls by year of birth, race, and time of blood collection. Rate ratios of Parkinson's disease according to quartile of uricemia were estimated by use of conditional logistic regression. The mean urate concentration was 5.7 mg/dl among cases and 6.1 mg/dl among controls (p = 0.01). After adjustment for age, smoking, and caff eine, the rate ratio of Parkinson's disease for the highest quartile of uricemia compared with the lowest was 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.18, 1.02; P-trend = 0.017). This association was stronger in analyses excluding cases diagnosed within 4 years (median) from blood collection (rate ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.04, 0.69; P-trend = 0.010). These results suggest that high plasma urate concentrations may decrease the risk of Parkinson's disease, and they raise the possibility that interventions to increase plasma urate may reduce the risk and delay the progression of Parkinson's disease. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Weisskopf, MG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr,3rd Floor E,POB 15697, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mweissko@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101986-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K01 ES012653, K01 ES012653-01]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS048517, R01 NS048517-01A2] NR 39 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 5 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm127 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203YT UT WOS:000249010700010 PM 17584757 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Hawkins, CP Larsen, DP Van Sickle, J AF Cao, Yong Hawkins, Charles P. Larsen, David P. Van Sickle, John TI Effects of sample standardization on mean species detectabilities and estimates of relative differences in species richness among assemblages SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE species richness; mean species detectability; statistical estimators; species-occurrence distributions; sample representativeness; Lincoln-Petersen model ID OCCUPANCY FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCUMULATION CURVES; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; DETECTION PROBABILITY; DIVERSITY PATTERNS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MIXTURE-MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES AB Ecological surveys provide the basic information needed to estimate differences in species richness among assemblages. Comparable estimates of the differences in richness between assemblages require equal mean species detectabilities across assemblages. However, mean species detectabilities are often unknown, typically low, and potentially different from one assemblage to another. As a result, inferences regarding differences in species richness among assemblages can be biased. We evaluated how well three methods used to produce comparable estimates of species richness achieved equal mean species detectabilities across diverse assemblages: rarefaction, statistical estimators, and standardization of sampling effort on mean taxonomic similarity among replicate samples (MRS). We used simulated assemblages to mimic a wide range of species-occurrence distributions and species richness to compare the performance of these three methods. Inferences regarding differences in species richness based on rarefaction were highly biased when richness estimates were compared among assemblages with distinctly different species-occurrence distributions. Statistical estimators only marginally reduced this bias. Standardization on MRS yielded the most comparable estimates of differences in species richness. These findings have important implications for our understanding of species-richness patterns, inferences drawn from biological monitoring data, and planning for biodiversity conservation. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM yong.cao@usu.edu; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; larsen.phil@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 NR 98 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 170 IS 3 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1086/520117 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 203GV UT WOS:000248964000008 PM 17879189 ER PT J AU Svendsen, ER Yeatts, KB Peden, D Orton, S Alexis, NE Creason, J Williams, R Neas, L AF Svendsen, Erik R. Yeatts, Karin B. Peden, David Orton, Susan Alexis, Neil E. Creason, John Williams, Ronald Neas, Lucas TI Circulating neutrophil CD14 expression and the inverse association of ambient particulate matter on lung function in asthmatic children SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIINFLAMMATORY MEDICATION USE; EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; AIR-POLLUTION PARTICLES; EXPIRATORY FLOW-RATE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; FINE PARTICLES; NASAL INFLAMMATION; INHALED ENDOTOXIN; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; PANEL AB Background: Identifying baseline inflammatory biomarkers that predict susceptibility to size-specific particulate matter (PM) independent of gaseous pollutants could help us better identify asthmatic subpopulations at increased risk for the adverse health effects of PM. Objective: To evaluate whether the association between lung function and exposure to ambient levels of PM less than 2.5 Am in diameter (PM2.5) (fine) and 10 to 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM10-2.5) (coarse) in children with persistent asthma differed across baseline measures of inflammation and innate immune activation. Methods: We performed a panel study on a local population of 16 children with persistent asthma and evaluated daily pulmonary function (percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in I second) while concurrently measuring daily PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposure from a central site in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The children underwent a baseline medical evaluation that included assessment of several immunoinflammatory biomarkers in peripheral blood. Results: Children without measurable CD14 expression on circulating neutrophils had significantly reduced pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in I second and peak expiratory flow) with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 8.5 mu g/m(3)) and PM10-2.5 (IQR = 4.1 mu g/m(3)) concentration, unlike children with measurable CD14 expression (P <.001 for interaction). Conclusions: Asthmatic children with muted surface expression of CD14 on circulating neutrophils may have a decreased capacity to respond to bacterial components of PM. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Svendsen, ER (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM svendsee@gwm.sc.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL62624] NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 244 EP 253 PG 10 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 210VZ UT WOS:000249485000008 PM 17910328 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, EM Von Dohlen, CD AF Pilgrim, Erik M. Von Dohlen, Carol D. TI Molecular and morphological study of species-level questions within the dragonfly genus Sympetrum (Odonata : Libellulidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Odonata; Sympetrum; Libellulidae; Sympetrinae; taxonomy ID DNA-SEQUENCES AB This study combines morphological and molecular data to address several questions of species validity within the dragonfly genus Sympetrum. We compared morphological characters (genitalia and other putatively diagnostic characters) and DNA sequences from mitochondrial cytocbrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions between these disputed taxa and their close relatives. Specimens of Sympetrum nigrescens Lucas shared COI haplotypes with Sympetrum striolatuin (Charpentier), and no morphological characters consistently diagnosed S. nigrescens, which therefore becomes a junior synonym of S. striolatum. Similarly, Sympetrum occidentale Bartenev shared identical COI and ITS sequences with Sympetrum semicinctum (Say), and the supposed diagnostic morphological characters overlapped with the intraspecific variation within S. semicinctum. Sympetrum accidentale becomes a junior synonym of S. semicinctum. in a third case, the genetic distance between Sympetrum signiferum, Cannings & Garrison and Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen) was lower than that found between most undisputed species. However, the morphological characters that distinguish S. signiferum from S. vicinum were distinct and consistent, and they supported the retention of S. signiferum as a valid species. In the fourth case, neither morphological nor genetic data were able to distinguish Sympetrum janeae Carle consistently from Sympetrum internum Montgomery, or Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say); in addition, genetic distances between individuals of S. internum and S. rubicundulum were small or nonexistent. Further studies are necessary to test the species status of S. janeae and its close relatives. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pilgrim, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM anisopteran@biology.usu.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 688 EP 702 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[688:MAMSOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207LO UT WOS:000249252800010 ER PT J AU Lobscheid, AB McKone, TE Vallero, DA AF Lobscheid, Agnes B. McKone, Thomas E. Vallero, Daniel A. TI Exploring relationships between outdoor air particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and PM2.5: A case study of benzo(a)pyrene in California metropolitan regions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE toxic air pollutants; particulate matter; regression models; combustion sources ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXICS CONCENTRATIONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; URBAN AIR; SIZE; PAHS; MATTER AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter (PM) are co-pollutants emitted as by-products of combustion processes. Convincing evidence exists for PAHs as a primary toxic component of fine PM (PM2.5). Because PM2.5 is listed by the US EPA as a "Criteria Pollutant", it is monitored regularly at sites nationwide. In contrast, very limited data is available on measured ambient air concentrations of PAHs. However, between 1999 and 2001, ambient air concentrations Of PM2.5 and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are available for California locations. We use multivariate linear regression models (MLRMs) to predict ambient air levels of BaP in four air basins based on reported PM2.5 concentrations and spatial, temporal and meteorological variables as variates. We obtain an R-2 ranging from 0.57 to 0.72 among these basins. Significant variables (p < 0.05) include the average daily PM2.5 concentration, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, and the coastal distance as well as season, and holiday or weekend. Combining the data from all sites and using only these variables to estimate ambient BaP levels, we obtain an R-2 of 0.55. These R-2-values, combined with analysis of the residual error and cross validation using the PRESS-statistic, demonstrate the potential of our method to estimate reported outdoor air PAH exposure levels in metropolitan regions. These MLRMs provide a first step towards relating outdoor ambient PM2.5 and PAH concentrations for epidemiological studies when PAH measurements are unavailable, or limited in spatial coverage, based on publicly available meteorological and PM2.5 data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lobscheid, AB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ablobscheid@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 27 BP 5659 EP 5672 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.042 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205WH UT WOS:000249144800009 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Norris, GA Seila, RL Landis, MS Vette, AF AF Olson, David A. Norris, Gary A. Seila, Robert L. Landis, Matthew S. Vette, Alan F. TI Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds near the World Trade Center: Ambient concentrations and source apportionment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; receptor modeling; source apportionment; building fire ID CENTER DISASTER SITE; DEL-NORTE OZONE; LOWER MANHATTAN; RECEPTOR MODEL; CENTER COUGH; NEW-YORK; CONSEQUENCES; PARTICLES; COLLAPSE; AEROSOL AB Concentrations of 53 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reported from four locations near the World Trade Center (WTC) (New York, USA) complex for canister samples collected from September 2001 through January 2002. Across the four sampling sites, mean concentrations ranged from 94.5 to 219 mu g m(-3) for total VOCs. The hi best mean concentrations 9 for individual VOCs at any site were for ethane (18.7 mu g m(-3)), isopentane (17.1 mu g m(-3)), and m,p-xylenes (17.0 mu g m(-3)). VOC concentrations were generally highest for samples collected north and west of the WTC complex. Concentrations of total VOCs (and most individual VOCs) decreased from the period when fires were present at the WTC complex (before 19 December 2001) to the period after fires. The EPA Unmix Version 5.0 receptor model was used to assess the impact of WTC fires and recovery efforts on ambient VOC concentrations. Four factors were identified: burning of building debris, a mixed recovery/heating source, motor vehicle exhaust, and a mixed gasoline source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 27 BP 5673 EP 5683 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.047 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205WH UT WOS:000249144800010 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Weaver, JW AF Tillman, Fred D., Jr. Weaver, James W. TI Parameter sets for upper and lower bounds on soil-to-indoor-air contaminant attenuation predicted by the Johnson and Ettinger vapor intrusion model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vapor intrusion; Johnson and Ettinger model; risk assessment ID BUILDINGS; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE AB Migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings is known as vapor intrusion (VI). Under certain circumstances, people living in homes above contaminated soil or ground water may be exposed to harmful levels of these vapors. A popular VI screening-level algorithm widely used in the United States, Canada and the UK to assess this potential risk is the "Johnson and Ettinger" (J&E) model. Concern exists over using the J&E model for deciding whether or not further action is necessary at sites, as many parameters are not routinely measured (or are un-measurable). Using EPA-recommended ranges of parameter values for nine soil-type/source depth combinations, input parameter sets were identified that correspond to bounding results of the J&E model. The results established the existence of generic upper and lower bound parameter sets for maximum and minimum exposure for all soil types and depths investigated. Using the generic upper and lower bound parameter sets, an analysis can be performed that, given the limitations of the input ranges and the model, bounds the attenuation factor in a VI investigation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Weaver, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Weaver.Jim@epa.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 27 BP 5797 EP 5806 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.033 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205WH UT WOS:000249144800021 ER PT J AU McBride, SJ Williams, RW Creason, J AF McBride, Sandra J. Williams, Ron W. Creason, John TI Bayesian hierarchical modeling of personal exposure to particulate matter SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE statistical model; Bayesian hierarchical model; human exposure; particulate matter; air pollution ID AIR-POLLUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; BALTIMORE; MORTALITY; PM2.5; PARTICLES AB In the US EPA's 1998 Baltimore Epidemiology-Exposure Panel Study, a group of 16 residents of a single building retirement community wore personal monitors recording personal fine particulate air pollution concentrations (PM2.5) for 27 days, while other monitors recorded concurrent apartment, central indoor, outdoor and ambient site PM2.5. concentrations. Using the Baltimore panel study data, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model to characterize the relationship between personal exposure and concentrations Of PM2.5 indoors and outdoors. Personal exposure is expressed as a linear combination of time spent in microenvironments and associated microenvironmental concentrations. The model incorporates all available monitoring data and accounts for missing data and sources of uncertainty such as measurement error and individual differences in exposure. We discuss the implications of using personal versus ambient PM2.5 measurements in characterization of personal exposure to PM2.5. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McBride, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM mcbride@duke.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 29 BP 6143 EP 6155 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.005 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 214QE UT WOS:000249752400005 ER PT J AU Rizzo, MJ Scheff, PA AF Rizzo, Michael J. Scheff, Peter A. TI Fine particulate source apportionment using data from the USEPA speciation trends network in Chicago, Illinois: Comparison of two source apportionment models SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; Positive matrix factorization; Chemical mass balance; PM2.5; Speciation trends network (STN); Receptor modeling ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; RESOLVED CARBON FRACTIONS; IMPROVING SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; SOURCE PROFILES; EMISSION INVENTORY; RECEPTOR MODEL; US AREA AB Data from two of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's speciation trends network fine particulate matter sites within Chicago, Illinois were analyzed using the chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models to determine source contributions to the ambient fine particulate concentrations. The results from the two models were compared to determine the similarities and differences in the source contributions. This included examining the differences in the magnitude of the individual source contributions as well as the correlation between the contribution values from the two methods. The results showed that both models predicted sulfates, nitrates and motor vehicles as the three highest fine particle contributors for the two sites accounting for approximately 80% of the total. The PMF model attributed a slightly greater amount of fine particulate to the road salt, steel and soil sources while vegetative burning contributed more in the CMB results. Correlations between the contribution results from the two models were high for sulfates, nitrates and road salt with very good correlations existing for motor vehicles and petroleum refineries. The predicted PMF profiles agreed well with measured source profiles for the major species associated with each source. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Air Qual Anal Grp, Air Qual Anal Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Rizzo, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Air Qual Anal Grp, Air Qual Anal Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rizzo.michael@epa.gov NR 37 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 29 BP 6276 EP 6288 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.055 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 214QE UT WOS:000249752400015 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Etterson, JR Cuthbert, FJ AF Etterson, Matthew A. Etterson, Julie R. Cuthbert, Francesca J. TI A robust new method for analyzing community change and an example using 83 years of avian response to forest succession SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bird communities; rank-permutation; forest succession; eastern deciduous forest ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; BIRD POPULATION TRENDS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINE; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB The composition of animal communities changes over time in response to natural processes (disease dynamics, plant community succession) and anthropogenic disturbances (habitat fragmentation, climate change). Detection and analysis of community change is important for regional and site-specific management and for conservation planning. However, formal time series of animal community composition are rare. We describe a distribution-free method for compiling time series from separate studies to test for changes in community composition. The method, based on rank-permutation, is robust to many problems associated with data from separate studies, including unequal sampling effort, variable-length intervals between sampling, and different sampling protocols. We apply the technique to a time series constructed from five surveys of land bird community composition spanning 83 years of forest succession in northern lower Michigan, USA. We found increases in neotropical migrants, area-sensitive birds, and woodland birds. Despite high species turnover, the overall taxonomic composition of the land bird community did not show significant changes. Although more powerful tests can be applied when data are collected under consistent protocols, our approach is a useful alternative when such data are lacking. In the example provided, our method produced coherent results that are consistent with other published studies from the region. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Ecol Continent Div, 6201 Cangdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov; jetterso@d.umn.edu; cuthb001@umn.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.05.003 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207MV UT WOS:000249256100009 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis of thermally stable carboxymethyl cellulose/metal biodegradable nanocomposites for potential biological applications SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; GLASS-CERAMICS; SILVER; FLUORESCENT; POLYMERS; PROBE AB A green approach is described that generates bulk quantities of nanocomposites containing transition metals such as Cu, Ag, In, and Fe at room temperature using a biodegradable polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), by reacting respective metal salts with the sodium salt of CMC in aqueous media. These nanocomposites exhibit broader decomposition temperatures when compared with control CMC, and Ag-based CMC nanocomposites exhibit a luminescent property at longer wavelengths. The noble metals such as An, Pt, and Pd do not react at room temperature with aqueous solutions of CMC, but do so rapidly under microwave irradiation (MW) conditions at 100 degrees C. This environmentally benign approach, which provides facile entry to the production of multiple shaped noble nanostructures without using any toxic reducing agent such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and so forth, and/or a capping/surfactant agent, and which uses a benign biodegradable polymer CMC, could find widespread technological and medicinal applications. The ensuing nanocomposites derived at room temperature and MW conditions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray mapping, energy-dispersive analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. C1 US EPA, Natl Risl Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risl Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 43 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2762 EP 2767 DI 10.1021/bm700446p PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 209EH UT WOS:000249371300019 PM 17665946 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Zucker, RM Hunter, ES Sulik, KK AF Johnson, Corey S. Zucker, Robert M. Hunter, Edward Sidney, III Sulik, Kathleen K. TI Perturbation of retinoic acid (RA)-mediated limb development suggests a role for diminished RA signaling in the teratogenesis of ethanol SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Teratology-Society CY JUL 15-17, 2004 CL Saga, JAPAN SP Japanese Teratol Soc DE ethanol; limb defects; retinoic acid; limb development; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; APICAL ECTODERMAL RIDGE; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; POTENTIAL MECHANISM; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; POLARIZING ACTIVITY; VERTEBRATE LIMB; MOUSE EMBRYOS; VITAMIN-A AB BACKGROUND: A proposed mechanism for ethanol teratogenicity entails ethanol-mediated reductions in retinoic acid (RA). This premise was investigated utilizing a mouse model, with limb reduction defects as the teratogenic end point. METHODS: Ethanol, Disulfiram, or BMS-189453 was administered to C57BL/6J mice on the 9(th) day of pregnancy. Forelimb morphology was assessed on gestation day 18 using Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining. Nile blue sulfate or LysoTracker Red (LTR) vital staining identified cell death in the limb bud. The ability of RA to prevent ethanol-induced cell death was assessed by coadministration followed by laser scanning confocal microscopic examination of LTR-staining. In situ hybridization and qPCR were used to examine gene expression in treated limb buds. RESULTS: Ethanol, Disulfiram, and BMS-189453 resulted in postaxial ectrodactyly, intermediate ectrodactyly, and other digital defects. Excessive Nile blue sulfate staining was evident in the presumptive AER following each of the three exposures. Ethanol-induced LTR staining was prevented by RA supplementation. Both in situ hybridization and qPCR illustrated decreases in Shh and Tbx5 in ethanol-exposed embryos as compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to studies of prolonged RA deficiency, acute exposure to functional antagonists of RA results in limb defects that are morphologically similar to those caused by ethanol. The rescue of ethanol-induced cell death by RA and similar changes in Shh transcription further suggest that RA contributes to ethanol-induced limb dysmorphology. Moreover, the repression of key mediators of limb development soon after ethanol exposure adds to the existing knowledge of the pathogenic effects of ethanol. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reproduct Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hunter, ES (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reproduct Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Hunter.Sid@epa.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA11605] NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 79 IS 9 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1002/bdra.20385 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 210OH UT WOS:000249465000002 PM 17676605 ER PT J AU Freemark, KE Meyers, M White, D Warman, LD Kiester, AR Lumban-Tobing, P AF Freemark, Kathryn E. Meyers, Mark White, Denis Warman, Leanna D. Kiester, A. Ross Lumban-Tobing, Pago TI Species richness and biodiversity conservation priorities in British Columbia, Canada (vol 84, pg 20, 2006) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Correction C1 Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Biodivers Futures Consulting, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. ING Clar, New York, NY 10169 USA. RP Freemark, KE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Strateg Informat Integrat Directorate, Knowledge Integrat Strategies Div, 70 Cremazie St, Gatineau Hull, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Kathryn.Lindsay@ec.gc.ca NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1014 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/Z07-109 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 239HA UT WOS:000251508200010 ER PT J AU Ulrich, EM AF Ulrich, Elin M. TI Pesticide exposure and chiral chemistry: the pyrethroid family SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; CYPERMETHRIN; ENANTIOMERS; PERMETHRIN; SEPARATION; SEDIMENT AB Advances in chiral chromatography significantly advanced the ability to analyze individual enantiomers of chiral compounds. These techniques are being employed at the U. S. EPA for human exposure and ecological research studies. Enantiomer fractions (EFs) were measured for cis-permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. Nonracemic EFs in some environmental samples indicate that some enantioselective biological degradation has occurred, either in the indoor environment or prior to translocation indoors. These results highlight the importance of chiral methods because some degradation pathways can change the distribution of enantiomers in the environment and may lead to differential exposure. The toxicity of enantiomers can also vary. When these two factors are combined, a differential risk to humans and other organisms may be revealed. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ulrich, EM (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr Maildrop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 0392-839X J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD SEP PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5 SU 2 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 305QK UT WOS:000256192700009 ER PT J AU Watanabe, KH Jensen, KM Orlando, EF Ankley, GT AF Watanabe, Karen H. Jensen, Kathleen M. Orlando, Edward F. Ankley, Gerald T. TI What is normal? A characterization of the values and variability in reproductive endpoints of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological variability; fathead minnow; reproduction; steroid hormones ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PLASMA-LEVELS; CYCLE; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ENDOCRINOLOGY; FISH; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; SPERMATOGENESIS; VITELLOGENIN; CYPRINIDAE AB Jensen et al. [Jensen, K.M., Korte, J.J., Kahl, M.D., Pasha, M.S., Ankley, G.T., 2001. Aspects of basic reproductive biology and endocrinology in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 128, 127-141.] investigated aspects of the normal reproductive biology of the fathead minnow (FHM, P. promelas), and subsequent studies have generated a large amount of additional reproductive data for endpoirits such as plasma steroid hormone and vitellogenin concentrations, spawn interval, and secondary sex characteristics (i.e., nuptial tubercle score and fat pad weight). These data were analyzed and fitted with statistical distributions to improve understanding of the variability in normal, unexposed, adult male (n = 154) and female (n = 186) FHM. Summary statistics for most endpoints were consistent with results from other more limited studies of FHMs. Male fat pad weight, and in both sexes gonad and liver weights were found to be proportional to body weight. Multiple statistical distributions were found to characterize each endpoint with the exception of spawn interval. Based on one of the largest datasets ever compiled for controlled studies, results presented herein provide a robust point of reference for the quantitative assessment of reproductive processes in the fathead minnow. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. US EPA, Midcontinenet Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Watanabe, KH (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM watanabe@ebs.ogi.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.04.015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 205UP UT WOS:000249140400009 PM 17600770 ER PT J AU Garcia-Diaz, M Bebenek, K Krahn, JM Pedersen, LC Kunkel, TA AF Garcia-Diaz, Miguel Bebenek, Katarzyna Krahn, Joseph M. Pedersen, Lars C. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI Role of the catalytic metal during polymerization by DNA polymerase lambda SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA polymerase lambda; DNA repair; nucleotidyl transfer; phosphoryl transfer; X-ray crystallography; crystal structure; divalent metal; catalysis; manganese; non-hydrolyzable nucleotide ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MECHANISM; FIBROBLASTS; DEPENDENCE; FIDELITY; SYSTEM; BETA AB The incorporation of dNMPs into DNA by polymerases involves a phosphoryl transfer reaction hypothesized to require two divalent metal ions. Here we investigate this hypothesis using as a model human DNA polymerase lambda (Pol lambda), an enzyme suggested to be activated in vivo by manganese. We report the crystal structures of four complexes of human Pol X. In a 1.9 angstrom structure of Pol lambda containing a 3'-OH and the non-hydrolyzable analog dUpnpp, a non-catalytic Na+ ion occupies the site for metal A and the ribose of the primer-terminal nucleotide is found in a conformation that positions the acceptor 3'-OH out of line with the a-phosphate and the bridging oxygen of the pyrophosphate leaving group. Soaking this crystal in MnCl2 yielded a 2.0 angstrom structure with Mn2+ occupying the site for metal A. In the presence of Mn2+, the conformation of the ribose is C3'-endo and the 3'-oxygen is in line with the leaving oxygen, at a distance from the phosphorus atom of the alpha-phosphate (3.69 angstrom) consistent with and supporting a catalytic mechanism involving two divalent metal ions. Finally, soaking with MnCl2 converted a pre-catalytic Pol lambda/Na+ complex with unreacted dCTP in the active site into a product complex via catalysis in the crystal. These data provide pre- and post-transition state information and outline in a single crystal the pathway for the phosphoryl transfer reaction carried out by DNA polymerases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garcia-Diaz, Miguel; Bebenek, Katarzyna; Krahn, Joseph M.; Pedersen, Lars C.; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Garcia-Diaz, Miguel; Bebenek, Katarzyna; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065070-17] NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.03.005 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 208PR UT WOS:000249332200011 PM 17475573 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ Crow, JA Scollon, EJ Hughes, MF DeVito, MJ Ross, MK AF Godin, Stephen J. Crow, J. Allen Scollon, Edward J. Hughes, Michael F. DeVito, Michael J. Ross, Matthew K. TI Identification of rat and human cytochrome P450 isoforms and a rat serum esterase that metabolize the pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin and esfenvalerate SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO METABOLISM; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; HYDROLYTIC METABOLISM; CARBOXYLESTERASES; PREDICTION; INDUCTION; PURIFICATION; HEPATOCYTES; TOXICITY; ENZYMES AB The metabolism of ( alpha S)-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 3R)-cis-3( 2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate ( deltamethrin) and ( alpha S)-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3methylbutyrate( esfenvalerate) by rat and human liver microsomes differs with respect to the biotransformation pathway ( oxidation versus hydrolysis) responsible for their clearance. This study aims to further explore the species differences in the metabolism of these chemicals. Using a parent depletion approach, rat and human cytochromes P450 (P450s) were screened for their ability to eliminate deltamethrin or esfenvalerate during in vitro incubations. Rat P450 isoforms CYP1A1, CYP2C6, CYP2C11, and CYP3A2 and human P450 isoforms CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5 were capable of metabolizing either pyrethroid. Human CYP2C9 metabolized esfenvalerate but not deltamethrin. Rat and human P450s that metabolize esfenvalerate and deltamethrin do so with similar kinetics. In addition to the liver, a potential site of metabolic elimination of pyrethroids is the blood via serum carboxylesterase (CE) hydrolysis. The serum of rats, but not humans, contains significant quantities of CE. Deltamethrin and esfenvalerate were metabolized effectively by rat serum and a purified rat serum CE. In contrast, neither pyrethroid was metabolized by human serum or purified human serum esterases ( acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase). These studies suggest that the difference in rates of oxidative metabolism of pyrethroids by rat and human hepatic microsomes is dependent on the expression levels of individual P450 isoforms rather than their specific activity. Furthermore, these studies show that the metabolic elimination of deltamethrin and esfenvalerate in blood may be important to their disposition in rats but not in humans. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Resource Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Resource Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017661] NR 32 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1664 EP 1671 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.015388 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 202RM UT WOS:000248920800031 PM 17576809 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Makynen, EA Blake, LS Greene, KJ Higley, EB Newsted, JL Giesy, JP Hecker, M AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Blake, Lindsey S. Greene, Katie J. Higley, Eric B. Newsted, John L. Giesy, John P. Hecker, Markus TI Comparison of fathead minnow ovary explant and H295R cell-based steroidogenesis assays for identifying endocrine-active chemicals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; steroid hormones; fungicides; prometon; fadrozole; hormone synthesis ID AROMATASE CYP19 ACTIVITY; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; IN-VITRO; FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ; STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; RAINBOW-TROUT; INHIBITION; PESTICIDES AB An in vitro steroidogenesis assay using H295R human adenocarcinoma cells has been suggested as a possible alternative to gonad explant assays for use as a Tier I screening assay to detect endocrine active chemicals capable of modulating steroid hormone synthesis. This study is one of the first to investigate the utility of the H295R assay for predicting effects and/or understanding mechanisms of action across species and tissues. Six chemicals, including one selective aromatase inhibitor (fadrozole), four fungicides (fenarimol, ketoconazole, prochloraz, and vinclozolin), and one herbicide (prometon), were tested in both the H295R steroidogenesis assay, and an in vitro steroidogenesis assay using fathead minnow ovary explants. All six chemicals caused significant alterations in 17 ss-estradiol (E2) and/or testosterone (T) production in vitro. Effects of ketoconazole, prochloraz, and prometon were similar in both assays. However, there were differences in the profile of responses for T for fadrozole and fenarimol, and for T and E2 for vinclozolin. In terms of sensitivity, steroid production in the H295R assay was most sensitive for detecting the effects of fadrozole, fenarimol, and prochloraz, but was less sensitive than the fathead minnow ovary explant assay to the effects of ketoconazole and vinclozolin. The H295R assay was consistently less variable (among replicates) than the fathead minnow ovary explant assay. However, the ovary explant assay was more predictive of in vivo effects of the six chemicals on fathead minnows than the H295R system. Further characterization of autoregulatory capacities, interaction of steroid-hormone receptor pathways with steroidogenesis, and metabolic capabilities of each system are needed for either system to provide clear and informative insights regarding a chemical's mechanism of action. Overall, however, results of this study suggest that both the H295R and fathead minnow ovary explant assays have utility for identifying endocrine-active chemicals in screening-type applications. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Entrix Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. City Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 58 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 213NK UT WOS:000249674200003 PM 17449096 ER PT J AU Meyer, DE Sikdar, SK Hutson, ND Bhattacharyya, D AF Meyer, D. E. Sikdar, S. K. Hutson, N. D. Bhattacharyya, D. TI Examination of sulfur-functionalized, copper-doped iron nanoparticles for vapor-phase mercury capture in entrained-flow and fixed-bed systems SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GAS; ACTIVATED CARBON; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; SORPTION AB The use of copper-doped Fe nanoaggregates silanized with organic sulfur as bis-(triethoxy silyl propyl)tetra sulfide has been investigated for the capture of elemental mercury (Hg-0) from the vapor phase for potential power plant applications. Silanization procedures resulted in 70% deposition of the targeted sulfur level, with particles containing approximately 4 wt % S. The addition of copper was found to increase the fixed-bed (total) capacity of this type of sorbent from 170 +/- 20 mu g Hg center dot g sorbent(-1) with no copper doping to 2730 +/- 80 mu g Hg center dot g sorbent(-1) at 1.2 wt % Cu. When no S is deposited, the capacity of Fe/Cu nanoaggregates was only 180 mu g Hg center dot g sorbent(-1). These findings suggest that a combined Cu-S mechanism is responsible for Hg capture. Moving-bed (injection) testing of the Fe-based sorbents in a simulated flue gas stream showed that the 1.2 wt % Cu sample was able to achieve significant removal of the Hg. At a modest sorbent injection rate of 3.6 x 10(-3) g center dot L-1 center dot h(-1), this material showed a steady-state removal capacity of 107.5 mu g Hg center dot g sorbent(-1) for an inlet concentration of 17.8 mu g center dot m(-3). On the basis of only 4% usage of the total capacity during single-pass injection, it might be beneficial to develop methods to separate and recycle these materials to reduce power plant operation costs for Hg emissions control. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM db@engr.uky.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 2688 EP 2697 DI 10.1021/ef070120t PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 212PC UT WOS:000249608300028 ER PT J AU Tarter, DC Chaffee, DL Bailey, JE Raimondo, S AF Tarter, Donald C. Chaffee, Dwight L. Bailey, Jeffery E. Raimondo, Sandy TI New state record of the mayfly Baetisca laurentina McDunnough for West Virginia (Ephemeroptera : Baetiscidae) and new county records for species of Baetisca in Kentucky and West Virginia, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Ephemeroptera; Baetisca; state and county records; Kentucky; West Virginia AB Baetisca laurentina McDunnough is reported for the first time from West Virginia. One male imago was collected near Twelvepole Creek, Wayne County, West Virginia. This record extends the range of this species eastward to the Mid-Atlantic coastal region. New distributional records (57) of Baetisca spp. are reported for Kentucky (15) and West Virginia (42). The following county records have been added to the list of Baetisca spp. from the two states: Baetisca berneri Tarter and Kirchner (KY/1 and WV/13), B. carolina Traver (WV/3), B. gibbera (WV/1), B. lacustris McDunnough KY/14 and (WV/22), B. laurentina McDunnough (WV/1), and B. rubescens Provancher (WV/2). Baetisca lacustris is the most widespread baetiscid in West Virginia (26 counties) and Kentucky (25 counties). This species was found in six drainage basins (I, II, IV, V, VI, VII) in West Virginia. Only one baetiscid mayfly, B. rubescens, was recorded for drainage basin III. C1 Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. W Virginia Dept Environm Protect, Charleston, WV 25304 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Tarter, DC (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM tarter@marshall.edu; jbailey@wvdep.org; sandyraimondo@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 118 IS 4 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[407:NSROTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 232HH UT WOS:000251008800013 ER PT J AU Fuentes, M Chaudhuri, A Holland, DM AF Fuentes, Montserrat Chaudhuri, Arin Holland, David M. TI Bayesian entropy for spatial sampling design of environmental data SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; matern covariance; national air quality standards; nonstationarity; simulated annealing; spatial statistics ID NETWORKS; INFORMATION AB We develop a spatial statistical methodology to design national air pollution monitoring networks with good predictive capabilities while minimizing the cost of monitoring. The underlying complexity of atmospheric processes and the urgent need to give credible assessments of environmental risk create problems requiring new statistical methodologies to meet these challenges. In this work, we present a new method of ranking various subnetworks taking both the environmental cost and the statistical information into account. A Bayesian algorithm is introduced to obtain an optimal subnetwork using an entropy framework. The final network and accuracy of the spatial predictions is heavily dependent on the underlying model of spatial correlation. Usually the simplifying assumption of stationarity, in the sense that the spatial dependency structure does not change location, is made for spatial prediction. However, it is not uncommon to find spatial data that show strong signs of nonstationary behavior. We build upon an existing approach that creates a nonstationary covariance by a mixture of a family of stationary processes, and we propose a Bayesian method of estimating the associated parameters using the technique of Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We apply these methods for spatial prediction and network design to ambient ozone data from a monitoring network in the eastern US. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. SAS, Cary, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fuentes, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu; holland.david@epamail.epa.gov NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 323 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0017-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 201IN UT WOS:000248824800009 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Chambers, MA Deaguero, AL Wildeman, TR Reisman, DJ AF Sibrell, Philip L. Chambers, Marissa A. Deaguero, Andria L. Wildeman, Thomas R. Reisman, David J. TI An innovative carbonate coprecipitation process for the removal of zinc and manganese from mining impacted waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; limestone coprecipitation; carbon dioxide; alkalinity; metal removal; manganese; zinc ID CALCITE PRECIPITATION; MINE DRAINAGE; LIMESTONE; SEAWATER; SURFACE AB Although mine drainage is usually thought of as acidic, there are many cases where the water is of neutral pH, but still contains metal species that can be harmful to human or aquatic animal health, such as manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Typical treatment of mine drainage waters involves pH adjustment, but this often results in excessive sludge formation and removal of nontoxic species such as magnesium and calcium. Theoretical consideration of the stability of metal carbonate species suggests that the target metals could be removed from solution by coprecipitation with calcium carbonate. The U. S. Geological Survey has developed a limestone-based process for remediation of acid mine drainage that increases calcium carbonate saturation. This treatment could then be coupled with carbonate coprecipitation as an innovative method for removal of toxic metals from circumneutral mine drainage waters. The new process was termed the carbonate coprecipitation (CCP) process. The CCP process was tested at the laboratory scale using a synthetic mine water containing 50 mg/L each of Mn and Zn. Best results showed over 95% removal of both Mn and Zn in less than 2 h of contact in a limestone channel. The process was then tested on a sample of water from the Palmerton zinc superfund site, near Palmerton, Pennsylvania, containing over 300 mg/L Zn and 60 mg/L Mn. Treatment of this water resulted in removal of over 95% of the Zn and 40% of the Mn in the limestone channel configuration. Because of the potential economic advantages of the CCP process, further research is recommended for refinement of the process for the Palmerton water and for application to other mining impacted waters as well. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US EPA, ORD Engn Tech Support Ctr MLK489, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 BP 881 EP 895 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.0126 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214ZR UT WOS:000249777400003 ER PT J AU Stevens, RG Blask, DE Brainard, GC Hansen, J Lockley, SW Provencio, I Rea, MS Reinlib, L AF Stevens, Richard G. Blask, David E. Brainard, George C. Hansen, Johnni Lockley, Steven W. Provencio, Ignacio Rea, Mark S. Reinlib, Leslie TI Meeting report: The role of environmental lighting and circadian disruption in cancer and other diseases SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SHORT-WAVELENGTH SENSITIVITY; CHRONIC JET-LAG; BREAST-CANCER; ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS; MAMMALIAN RETINA; ACTION SPECTRUM; GANGLION-CELLS; ELECTRIC-POWER; BLIND MICE; MELATONIN AB Light, including artificial light, has a range of effects on human physiology and behavior and can therefore alter human physiology when inappropriately timed. One example of potential light-induced disruption is the effect of light on circadian organization, including the production of several hormone rhythms. Changes in light-dark exposure (e.g., by nonday occupation or transmeridian travel) shift the timing of the circadian system such that internal rhythms can become desynchronized from both the external environment and internally with each other, impairing our ability to sleep and wake at the appropriate times and compromising physiologic and metabolic processes. Light can also have direct acute effects on neuroendocrine systems, for example, in suppressing melatonin synthesis or elevating cortisol production that may have untoward long-term consequences. For these reasons, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences convened a workshop of a diverse group of scientists to consider how best to conduct research on possible connections between lighting and health. According to the participants in the workshop, there are three broad areas of research effort that need to be addressed. First are the basic biophysical and molecular genetic mechanisms for phototransduction for circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation. Second are the possible physiologic consequences of disrupting these circadian regulatory processes such as on hormone production, particularly melatonin, and normal and neoplastic tissue growth dynamics. Third are effects of light-induced physiologic disruption on disease occurrence and prognosis, and how prevention and treatment could be improved by application of this knowledge. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Community Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Bassett Res Inst, Cooperstown, NY USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Danish Canc Soc, Copenhagen, Denmark. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Lighting Res Ctr, Troy, NY USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Traning, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Stevens, RG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Community Med, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM bugs@uchc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R21 ES011659, ES11659] NR 60 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 115 IS 9 BP 1357 EP 1362 DI 10.1289/ehp.10200 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 206RM UT WOS:000249200600034 PM 17805428 ER PT J AU Brown, S DeVolder, P Compton, H Henry, C AF Brown, Sally DeVolder, Pam Compton, Harry Henry, Chuck TI Effect of amendment C : N ratio on plant richness, cover and metal content for acidic Pb and Zn mine tailings in Leadville, Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE in situ soil amendment; mine tailings; Carbon : nitrogen ratio; native plants ID AMENDED SOILS; BIOSOLIDS; CADMIUM; RECLAMATION; WILDLIFE; GROWTH AB Biosolids and woody debris were applied with target C:N ratios of 8:1 to 50:1 to phytotoxic, acidic, high metal mine tailings to test the effect of amendment C:N ratio on native plant restoration. Total soil C decreased over time indicating an active microbial community. The 8:1 treatment initially had no growth, the highest plant cover for the final sampling (86.8 +/- 13.8%) and the lowest number of species (3.33 +/- 0.4). The greatest number of species was in the 30:1 treatment (5.44 +/- 0.45). Plant cover increased over time for all treatments from 44.7% in 2001 to 71 % in 2005. This response was consistent across all except for the 30:1 treatment, which showed a slight decrease in the final year (65 +/- 11%). Volunteer species and evidence of animal grazing were observed in all amended plots. Results indicate that a C:N ratio >= 20:1 increased species diversity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Foreign Serv, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slb@u.washington.edu; pamdevo@hotmail.com; compton.harry@epa.gov; clh@u.washington.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 149 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212MS UT WOS:000249601200005 PM 17368677 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Partitioning, desorption, and dechlorination of a PCB congener in sediment slurry supernatants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; SORPTION KINETICS; WATER; COEFFICIENTS; EQUILIBRIUM; ADSORPTION; POLLUTANTS AB Partitioning and desorption played specific roles in the dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CIBP) in sediment slurry supernatants, which are suspensions of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In short-term experiments, the partition coefficient (K-p) was related to the apparent dechlorination rate constant. The Kp value (160 L g(DOC)(-1)), which is independent of the DOM concentration, was determined based on the decrease of the apparent rate constant with the increase of the DOM concentration. In the long-term experiments, the overall rate of dechlorination can be described with a two-compartment model. The time constant for the sediment compartment was related to Kp and the desorption rate constant (k(d)). The kd value (0.21 h(-1)) was determined based on the decrease of the time constant values with an increasing DOM concentration. The use of DOM suspensions allowed a short time for equilibrium. Separation of the aqueous and DOM phases was not needed due to the dechlorination of 2-CIBP. The fundamental relationships between overall dechlorination rate constant and properties of the contaminant and sediment were established. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 17 BP 6253 EP 6258 DI 10.1021/es070167t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GR UT WOS:000249240100058 PM 17937311 ER PT J AU Meylan, W Boethling, R Aronson, D Howard, P Tunkeli, J AF Meylan, Willian Boethling, Robert Aronson, Dallas Howard, Philip Tunkeli, Jay TI Chemical structure-based predictive model for methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation potential SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; anaerobic; fragment contribution; erum bottle test; chemical structure ID READY BIODEGRADABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DEGRADATION; TOXICITY; SYSTEMS; SOIL AB Many screening-level models exist for predicting aerobic biodegradation potential from chemical structure, but anaerobic biodegradation generally has been ignored by modelers. We used a fragment contribution approach to develop a model for predicting biodegradation potential under methanogenic anaerobic conditions. The new model has 37 fragments (substructures) and classifies a substance as either fast or slow, relative to the potential to be biodegraded in the "serum bottle" anaerobic biodegradation screening test (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 311). The model correctly classified 90, 77, and 91% of the chemicals in the training set (n = 169) and two independent validation sets (n = 35 and 23), respectively. Accuracy of predictions of fast and slow degradation was equal for training-set chemicals, but fast-degradation predictions were less accurate than slow-degradation predictions for the validation sets. Analysis of the signs of the fragment coefficients for this and the other (aerobic) Biowin (c) models suggests that in the context of simple group contribution models, the majority of positive and negative structural influences on ultimate degradation are the same for aerobic and methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation. C1 US EPA, Off Polut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, New York, NY 13212 USA. RP Boethling, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Polut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boethling.bob@epa.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1785 EP 1792 DI 10.1897/06-579R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900001 PM 17702545 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Cardon, MC Gray, LE Hartig, PC AF Wilson, Vickie S. Cardon, Mary C. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Hartig, Phillip C. TI Competitive binding comparison of endocrine-disrupting compounds to recombinant androgen receptor from fathead minnow, rainbow trout, and human SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anclrogen receptor; fathead minnow; rainbow trout; human; ndocrine disruptors ID REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; MILL EFFLUENT; CDNA CLONING; IN-VITRO; VINCLOZOLIN; IDENTIFICATION; TESTOSTERONE; GOLDFISH AB Typically, in vitro hazard assessments for the identification of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), including those Outlined in the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) Tier I Screening protocols, utilize mammalian receptors. Evidence, however, exists that fish sex steroid hormone receptors differ from mammalian receptors both structurally and in their binding affinities for some steroids and environmental chemicals. Most of the binding studies to date have been conducted using cytosolic preparations from various tissues. In the present Study, we compare competitive binding of a set of compounds to full-length recombinant rainbow trout androgen receptor a (rtAR), fathead minnow androgen receptor (fhAR), and human androgen receptor (hAR), each expressed in COS cells. Saturation binding and subsequent Scatchard analysis using [H-3]R 1881, a high-affinity synthetic androgen, revealed an equilibrium dissociation constant (K-d) Of 0.11 nM for the rtAR, 1.8 nM for the fhAR. and 0.84 nM for the hAR. Compounds, including endogenous and synthetic steroids, known mammalian antiandrogens, and environmental compounds, were tested for competitive binding to each of the three receptors. Overall, agreement existed across receptors as to binding versus nonbinding for all compounds tested in this study. Minor differences, however, were found in the relative order of binding of the compounds to the individual receptors. Studies such as these will facilitate the identification of EDCs that may differentially affect specific species and aid in the development and support of future risk assessment protocols. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1897/06-593R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900002 PM 17705648 ER PT J AU Albers, PH Koterba, MT Rossmann, R Link, WA French, JB Bennett, RS Bauer, WC AF Albers, Peter H. Koterba, Michael T. Rossmann, Ronald Link, William A. French, John B. Bennett, Richard S. Bauer, Wayne C. TI Effects of methylmercury on reproduction in American kestrels SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; American kestrel; reproduction; toxic effects; egg ID SMALL MAMMALS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PEREGRINE FALCON; NORTH-AMERICA; MERCURY; EGGS; BIRDS; INSECTICIDE; RESIDUES; CADMIUM AB Sixty breeding pairs of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to a range of sublethal dietary concentrations of mercury (Hg), in the form of methylmercuric chloride, and their subsequent reproduction was measured. Egg production, incubation performance, and the number and percent of eggs hatched decreased markedly between 3.3 and 4.6 mg/kg dry weight of Hg (1.2 and 1.7 mg/kg wet wt), in the diet. The number of fledglings and the percent of nestlings fledged were reduced markedly at 0.7 mg/kg dry weight (0.3 mg/kg wet wt) and declined further between 2 and 3.3 mg/kg dry weight (0.7 and 1.2 mg/kg wet wt). Dietary concentrations of >= 4.6 rng/kg dry weight (1.7 mg/kg wet wt) were associated with total fledging failure. The estimated decline in fledged young per pair (24%, Bayesian regression) for kestrels consuming 0.7 mg/kg dry weight (0.3 mg/kg wet wt) raises concerns about population maintenance in areas subject to high inputs of anthropogenic Hg. Mercury concentrations in 20 second-laid eggs collected from all groups were related to dietary concentrations of Hg, and the Hg concentrations in 19 of these eggs were related to eggs laid and young fledged. Concentrations of Hg in eggs from the highest diet group (5.9 mg/kg dry wt; 2.2 mg/kg wet wt) were higher than egg concentrations reported for either wild birds or for captive birds (nonraptors) fed dry commercial food containing 5 mg/kg methylmercury. Accumulation ratios of Hg from diets to eggs were higher than those reported for feeding studies with other species. C1 Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Geol Survey, Maryland Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI 48128 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Albers, PH (reprint author), Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM palbers@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1856 EP 1866 DI 10.1897/06-592R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900009 PM 17702546 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Montague, BJ Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Montague, Brian J. Barron, Mace G. TI Determinants of variability in acute to chronic toxicity ratios for aquatic invertebrates and fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acute/chronic ratios; aquatic organisms; mode of action; aquatic toxicity ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANISMS AB Variability in acute to chronic ratios (ACRs; median lethal or effect concentration divided by chronic value) has been of continuing interest in aquatic toxicology because of the reliance on ACRs to estimate chronic toxicity for chemicals and species with known acute toxicity data but with limited or no information for chronic toxicity. To investigate the variability and significant differences in ACRs, an extensive data set was compiled of 456 same-species pairs of acute and maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations for metals. narcotics, pesticides, and other organic chemicals. The overall median value for 456 aquatic invertebrate and fish ACRs analyzed in the present study was 8.3, with a 16,000-fold range in values (1.1-18,550) and a 32-fold range in 10th and 90th percentile values (2.5-79.5). Median ACRs for taxa. ambient habitat media, chronic test end point, and chemical mode of action (MOA)/class categories generally were similar but, in some cases, extremely variable (ranges of I to >10,000). No significant differences (p <= 0.05) were found in median ACRs between taxa, although invertebrate ACRs generally were more variable than fish ACRs. Freshwater organisms had median ACRs significantly greater than those of saltwater species and also were more variable. No significant differences were found in median ACRs among chemical MOA/class data sets; however, ACR variance differed significantly among MOAs. Although few significant differences occurred among median ACRs for different groups. those categories that were highly variable are at an increased risk of underestimated chronic toxicity when mean or median ACRs are used. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA 7507P, Off Pesticides Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 19 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2019 EP 2023 DI 10.1897/07-069R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900030 PM 17705662 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM Paul, KB De Vito, MJ Hedge, JM AF Crofton, Kevin M. Paul, Katie B. De Vito, Michael J. Hedge, Joan M. TI Short-term in vivo exposure to the water contaminant triclosan: Evidence for disruption of thyroxine SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; thyroxine (T-4); thyroid hormone (TH); endocrine disruptor ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; THYROID-HORMONE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; WASTE-WATER; INDUCTION AB Triclosan (5-chioro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a chlorinated phenolic antibacterial compound found as an active ingredient in many personal care and household products. The structural similarity of triclosan to thyroid hormones and recent studies demonstrating activation of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and inhibition of diiodothyronine (T-2) sulfotransferases, have raised concerns about adverse effects on thyroid homeostasis. The current research tested the hypothesis that triclosan alters circulating concentrations of thyroxine. The hypothesis was tested using a 4-day oral triclosan exposure (0-1000 mg/kg/day) in weanling female Long-Evans rats, followed by measurement of circulating levels of serum total thyroxine (T-4). Dose-dependent decreases in total T4 were observed. The benchmark dose (BMD) and lower bound on the BMD (BMDL) for the effects on T4 were 69.7 and 35.6 mg/kg/day, respectively. These data demonstrate that triclosan disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis in rats. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD-B 105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 36 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2007.04.008 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 203NG UT WOS:000248980700018 PM 21783810 ER PT J AU Chen, A Basso, O AF Chen, Aimin Basso, Olga TI Does low maternal blood pressure during pregnancy increase the risk of perinatal death? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPOTENSION; HYPERTENSION AB Background: A recent report described an association between low maximum diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during pregnancy and perinatal death (stillbirth and death in the first week combined). The authors did not account for gestational length, a strong predictor of perinatal death. Methods: We studied 41,089 singleton pregnancies from the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966). Results: We observed an association between low maximum DBP and elevated risk of perinatal death. However, this association disappeared after accounting for reverse causation related to gestational length. At any given gestational week, women whose offspring ultimately experienced perinatal death did not have significantly lower maximum DBP than women whose offspring survived the perinatal period. When accounting for the trend of increasing DBP during late pregnancy through gestational-age-specific DBP standardized score, we saw no association between low diastolic blood pressure and perinatal death. Conclusions: Low maximum maternal DBP during pregnancy is a post hoc correlate of perinatal death, not a true risk factor. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Pub Hlth, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chen, A (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Pub Hlth, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM aiminchen@creighton.edu RI Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010 OI Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31812713e6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203UW UT WOS:000249000500016 PM 17879438 ER PT J AU Wen, HT Hogaboam, CM Lukacs, NW Cook, DN Lira, SA Kunkel, SL AF Wen, Haitao Hogaboam, Cory M. Lukacs, Nicholas W. Cook, Donald N. Lira, Sergio A. Kunkel, Steven L. TI The chemokine receptor CCR6 is an important component of the innate immune response SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemokine; macrophage; sepsis ID INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 3-ALPHA; DENDRITIC CELLS; BONE-MARROW; CCR6-DEFICIENT MICE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; UNITED-STATES; SEVERE SEPSIS; HOST-DEFENSE AB In our initial studies we found that naive CCR6-deficient (CCR6(-/-)) C57BL/6 mice possessed significantly lower number of both F4/80(+) macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), but higher number of B cells in the peritoneal cavity, as compared to naive wild type (WT) controls. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages isolated from CCR6-/- mice expressed significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, as compared to WT macrophages. In a severe experimental peritonitis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CCR6-/- mice were protected when compared with WT controls. At 24 h following the induction of peritonitis, CCR6-/- mice exhibited significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in both the peritoneal cavity and blood. Interestingly, DC recruitment into the peritoneal cavity was impaired in CCR6(-/-) mice during the evolution of CLP-induced peritonitis. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from surviving CCR6-/- mice 3 days after CLP-induced peritonitis exhibited an enhanced LPS response compared with similarly treated WT peritoneal macrophages. These data illustrate that CCR6 deficiency alters the innate response via attenuating the hyperactive local and systemic inflammatory response during CLP-induced peritonitis. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Immunobiol Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Kunkel, SL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 4071 BSRB,109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM slkunkel@umich.edu RI hogaboam, cory /M-3578-2014 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL74024, HL31237, HL31963] NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2487 EP 2498 DI 10.1002/eji.200737370 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 214MV UT WOS:000249743200018 PM 17694574 ER PT J AU Adams, PB Botsford, LW Gobalet, KW Leidy, RA McEwan, DR Moyle, PB Smith, JJ Williams, JG Yoshiyama, RM AF Adams, Peter B. Botsford, Louis W. Gobalet, Kenneth W. Leidy, Robert A. McEwan, Dennis R. Moyle, Peter B. Smith, Jerry J. Williams, John G. Yoshiyama, Ronald M. TI Coho salmon are native south of San Francisco Bay: A reexamination of north American Coho salmon's southern range limit SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; CLIMATE; RATES AB Kaczynski and Alvarado (2006) have challenged the established southern boundary of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at the San Lorenzo River. They conclude that it is improbable coho salmon maintained self-sustaining populations south of San Francisco Bay, based primarily on evidence from early museum collections and literature, the archaeological record, analyses of ocean conditions, and suitability of habitat. They suggest that hatchery plantings were the source of these coho salmon south of San Francisco Bay. Using the same and new information, we are able to counter these statements. Our examination of existing records found no reason to discount the coho salmon collections made in 1895 from streams south of San Francisco. Early distributional records state that coho salmon were abundant from San Francisco northward, but did not indicate coho salmon were absent south of San Francisco. Recent archeological evidence documents the presence of coho salmon in middens south of San Francisco prior to European habitation of the region. Furthermore, we found no creditable climatic, oceanographic, or ecological evidence for habitat differences between areas immediately north and south of San Francisco Bay. In fact, we believe that there is a more reasonable habitat and faunal break south of the San Lorenzo River, encompassing the allegedly controversial southern range of the coho salmon. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Adams, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM Pete.Adams@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[441:CSANSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 224DS UT WOS:000250427100008 ER PT J AU Auclair, BA Benoit, YD Rivard, N Mishina, Y Perreault, N AF Auclair, Benoit A. Benoit, Yannick D. Rivard, Nathalie Mishina, Yuji Perreault, Nathalie TI Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is essential for terminal differentiation of the intestinal secretory cell lineage SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPT-VILLUS AXIS; ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUPPRESSION; COLON; REQUIREMENT; PATHWAY; CANCER; MICE AB Background & Aims: Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) are morphogens known to play key roles in gastrointestinal development and pathology. Most Bmps are produced primarily by the mesenchymal compartment and activate their signaling pathways following a paracrine or autocrine route. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epithelial Bmp signaling in intestinal morphogenesis and maintenance of adult epithelial cell functions. Methods: With the use of tissue-specific gene ablation, we generated mice lacking the Bmp receptor type IA (Bmprla) exclusively in the intestinal epithelium. Bmprla mutant and control mice were sacrificed for histology, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: As well as showing increased proliferation and altered intestinal epithelial morphology, Bmpr1a mutant mice revealed that epithelial Bmp signaling is associated with impaired terminal differentiation of cells from the secretory lineage but not with the determination of cell fate. Loss of Bmp signaling exclusively in the epithelial compartment is not sufficient for the initiation of the de novo crypt phenomenon associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome. Conclusions: Epithelial Bmp signaling plays an important role in the terminal differentiation of the intestinal secretory cell lineage but not in de novo crypt formation. These findings emphasize the importance of delineating the contribution of the stroma vs the epithelium in gastrointestinal physiology and pathology. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Fac Med Sci, Canadian Inst Hlth Res Team Digest Epithelium, Dept Anat & Biol Cellulaire, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Dev Biol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Perreault, N (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Fac Med Sci, Dept Anat & Biol Cellulaire, 3001 12E Ave Nord, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. EM Nathalie.Perreault@USherbrooke.ca FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 30 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.066 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 208NQ UT WOS:000249326900022 PM 17678919 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Trends in inorganic contaminant violations at ground water systems SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 42 EP + PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 233TA UT WOS:000251112000002 ER PT J AU Karn, B Mathews, HS AF Karn, Barbara Mathews, H. Scott TI Nanoparticles without macroproblems - Now is the time to anticipate adverse effects. SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Green Design Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Karn, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 9 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206WW UT WOS:000249214600017 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JW Whitehead, G Berman, KG Tekippe, EM Gilmour, MI Larkin, JE Quackenbush, J Schwartz, DA AF Hollingsworth, John W. Whitehead, Gregory Berman, Katherine Gray Tekippe, Erin McElvania Gilmour, M. Ian Larkin, Jennie E. Quackenbush, John Schwartz, David A. TI Genetic basis of murine antibacterial defense to streptococcal lung infection SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE tlr2; tlr4; innate immunity; lung; Streptococcus zooepidemicus; interstrain differences ID CELL WALL COMPONENTS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; CUTTING EDGE; HOST-DEFENSE; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RECOGNITION; RESISTANCE; TLR4 AB To evaluate the effect of genetic background on antibacterial defense to streptococcal infection, eight genetically diverse strains of mice (A/J, DBA/2J, CAST/Ei, FVB/NJ, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, 129/SvImJ, and C3H/HeJ) and tlr2-deficient mice (C57BL/6(tlr2-/-)) were infected with three doses of Streptococcus zooepidemicus (500, 5,000, or 50,000 colony-forming units) by alveolar challenge. There was a range of susceptibility between the strains at each dose and time point (6, 24, and 96 h). At the lowest dose, the 129/SvImJ and C3H/HeJ strains had significantly higher bacterial counts at all time points after infection, when compared to A/J, DBA/2J, CAST/Ei, FVB/NJ, which were resistant to infection at the low dose of innoculum. At the medium dose, 129/SvImJ and C3H/HeJ had higher bacterial counts, while A/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cJ showed reduced streptococcal growth. After the highest dose of Streptococcus, there were minimal differences between strains, suggesting the protective impact of modifier genes can be overcome. TLR2-deficient animals contained increased bacterial load with reduced cytokines after 96 h when compared to C57BL/6J controls suggesting a role of innate immunity in late antibacterial defense. Overall, we identify vulnerable (129/SvlmJ and C3H/HeJ) and resistant (A/J, FVB, and DBA) mouse strains to streptococcal lung infection, which demonstrate divergent genetic expression profiles. These results demonstrate that innate differences in pulmonary host defense to S. zooepidemicus are dependent on host genetic factors. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, POB 3136, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM holli017@mc.duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67467, HL91335]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI58161]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11375, ES11961, ES12496, ES12717] NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 59 IS 9 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1007/s00251-007-0242-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 211CZ UT WOS:000249503200003 PM 17701033 ER PT J AU Fan, H Williams, DL Zingarelli, B Breuel, KF Teti, G Tempel, GE Spicher, K Boulay, G Birnbaumer, L Halushka, PV Cook, JA AF Fan, Hongkuan Williams, David L. Zingarelli, Basilia Breuel, Kevin F. Teti, Giuseppe Tempel, George E. Spicher, Karsten Boulay, Guylain Birnbaumer, Lutz Halushka, Perry V. Cook, James A. TI Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide and Gram-positive bacteria induced cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages by G alpha(i) proteins SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; G(i) protein-deficient mice; group B streptococci; Staphylococcus aureus; toll-like receptor signalling ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION EVENTS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MURINE MACROPHAGES; TYROSINE KINASE; CUTTING EDGE; RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION AB Heterotrimeric G(i) proteins play a role in signalling activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and group B streptococci (GBS), leading to production of inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of G(i) proteins would alter cytokine and chemokine production induced by LPS, SA and GBS stimulation. LPS-induced, heat-killed SA-induced and heat-killed GBS-induced cytokine and chemokine production in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type (WT), G alpha(-/-)(i2) or G alpha(-/-)(i1/3) mice were investigated. LPS induced production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10); SA induced TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta production; and GBS induced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and keratinocyte chemoattract (KC) production were all decreased (P < 0.05) in G alpha(-/-)(i2) or G alpha(-/-)(i1/3) mice compared with WT mice. In contrast to the role of G(i) proteins as a positive regulator of mediators, LPS-induced production of MIP-1 alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were increased in macrophages from G alpha(-/-)(i1/3) mice, and SA-induced MIP-1 alpha production was increased in both groups of G alpha(i) protein-depleted mice. LPS-induced production of KC and IL-1 beta, SA-induced production of GM-CSF, KC and IP-10, and GBS-induced production of IL-10, GM-CSF and IP-10 were unchanged in macrophages from G alpha(-/-)(i2) or G alpha(-/-)(i1/3) mice compared with WT mice. These data suggest that G(i2) and G(i1/3) proteins are both involved and differentially regulate murine inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in response to both LPS and Gram-positive microbial stimuli. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Dept Surg, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Crit Care Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Med Univ Messina, Dept Expt Pathol & Microbiol, Messina, Italy. Univ Dusseldorf, Sch Med, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Sherbrooke, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cook, JA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, 173 Ashley Ave,BSB Room 403, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM cookja@musc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK19318]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27673, R01 GM027673, R01 GM067202, R01 GM053522, GM67202, GM53522] NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02619.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 204JU UT WOS:000249040700013 PM 17484771 ER PT J AU Morris, J AF Morris, Jeff TI Untitled SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Morris, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Morris.Jeff@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 221NK UT WOS:000250234400005 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Bois, FY AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Bois, Frederic Y. TI An approximate method for population toxicokinetic analysis with aggregated data SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE 1-3 butadiene; Bayesian; inter-individual variability; Markov chain Monte; Carlo simulation; population pharmacokinetics ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; RANDOM-VARIABLES; PHARMACOKINETICS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BENZENE; HUMANS; MODELS; SUMS; MICE AB Standard statistical models for analyzing inter-individual variability in clinical pharmacokinetics (nonlinear mixed effects; hierarchical Bayesian) require individual data. However, for environmental or occupational toxicants only aggregated data are usually available, so toxicokinetic analyses typically ignore population variability. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate inter-individual variability from the observed mean and variance at each time point, using a bivariate normal (or lognormal) approximation to their joint likelihood. Through analysis of both simulated data and real toxicokinetic data from 1,3-butadiene exposures, we conclude that given information on the form of the individual-level model, useful information on inter-individual variability may be obtainable from aggregated data, but that additional sensitivity and identifiability checks are recommended. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Inst Natl Environm Ind, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. Risque Unite Toxicol Expt Parc Alata, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov; Frederic.Bois@ineris.fr RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 346 EP 363 DI 10.1198/108571107X229340 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 204YT UT WOS:000249080600003 ER PT J AU Lay, JC Alexis, NE Kleeberger, SR Roubey, RAS Harris, BD Bromberg, PA Hazucha, MJ Devlin, RB Peden, DB AF Lay, John C. Alexis, Neil E. Kleeberger, Steven R. Roubey, Robert A. S. Harris, Bradfrd D. Bromberg, Philip A. Hazucha, Milan J. Devlin, Robert B. Peden, David B. TI Ozone enhances markers of innate immunity and antigen presentation on airway monocytes in healthy individuals SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID IN-VIVO; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; VOLUNTEERS C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth, Lab Res Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lay, JC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jcl@med.unc.edu RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000046-461441, M01 RR000046]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012706, R01 ES012706-03] NR 9 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.005 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 211DV UT WOS:000249505400037 PM 17586033 ER PT J AU Isakov, V Irwin, JS Ching, J AF Isakov, Vlad Irwin, John S. Ching, Jason TI Using CMAQ for exposure Modeling and characterizing the subgrid variability for exposure estimates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE - ID HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; SCALE AB Atmospheric processes and the associated transport and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants are known to be highly variable in time and space. Current air-quality models that characterize atmospheric chemistry effects, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ), provide volume-averaged concentration values for each grid cell in the modeling domain given the stated conditions. Given the assumptions made and the limited set of processes included in any model's implementation, there are many sources of "unresolved" subgrid variability. This raises the question of the importance of the unresolved subgrid variations on exposure assessment results if such models were to be used to assess air toxics exposure. In this study, the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) is applied to estimate benzene and formaldehyde inhalation exposure using ambient annually averaged concentrations predicted by CMAQ to investigate how within-grid variability can affect exposure estimates. An urban plume dispersion model was used to estimate the subgrid variability of annually averaged benzene concentration values within CMAQ grid cells for a modeling domain centered on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Significant (greater than a factor of 2) increases in maximum exposure impacts were seen in the exposure estimates in comparison with exposure estimates generated using CMAQ grid-averaged concentration values. These results consider only one source of subgrid variability, namely, the discrete location and distribution of emissions, but they do suggest the importance and value of developing improved characterizations of subgrid concentration variability for use in air toxics exposure assessments. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. John S Irwin & Assoc, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, ADM, NERL, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM isakov.vlad@epa.gov NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1354 EP 1371 DI 10.1175/JAM2538.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900004 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Gillette, DA Bergametti, G Marticorena, B Heist, DK AF Bowker, George E. Gillette, Dale A. Bergametti, Gilles Marticorena, Beatrice Heist, David K. TI Sand flux Simulations at a small scale over a heterogeneous mesquite area of the northern chihuahuan desert SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL RESUSPENSION MECHANISMS; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITY; GRASS SECALE-CERCELE; WIND EROSION; NEW-MEXICO; AEOLIAN TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; SALTATION; FIELD; PARTICLES AB Within areas of the Chihuahuan Desert dominated by honey mesquite bushes (Prosopis glandulosa), soil erosion causes open eroded patches and the formation of large coppice dunes. The airflow patterns around the dunes and through the open areas are correlated with sand flux and erosion. This study uses wind velocity simulations from the Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) model in combination with a sand flux parameterization to simulate sand fluxes for each of eight storms occurring in the springs of 2003 and 2004. Total sand fluxes based on the sum of all the sand collectors located within the study domain were usually within 50% of the measured values for each of the storms, with simulations for individual sand collectors also often within 50% of the measured values. Simulated fluxes based on two different sand flux parameterizations were generally within 10% of each other, differing substantially only when the sand flux was low (near the threshold velocity). Good agreement between the field observations with a Sensit instrument and QUIC simulations for the same location and time series suggests that QUIC could be used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of sand flux patterns for a domain. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowker.george@epa.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1410 EP 1422 DI 10.1175/JAM2537.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900008 ER PT J AU Parashar, R Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM AF Parashar, Rishi Govindaraju, Rao S. Hantush, Mohammed M. TI Temporal moment analysis for volatile organic compounds in dual-porosity porous media: Loss fractions and effective parameters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SCALE MASS-TRANSFER; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT; UNSATURATED SOIL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS; MODEL; DISPERSION; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS; COLUMNS AB Using transform techniques, analytical expressions for potential losses by volatilization and degradation are developed for several organic compounds in dual porosity porous media. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the importance of different physical/chemical processes on volatilization, degradation, and leaching losses. To obtain estimates for overall solute behavior, expressions for effective Peclet numbers and degradation rates for organic contaminants are presented using method of moments. Results indicate that large fractions of many organic compounds are likely to volatilize into the atmosphere for sandy and clayey soils under typical flow conditions. It is found that nondimensional degradation influences both advective and dispersive effects. Thus, the Peclet number from effective-parameter equation tends to be enhanced when the nondimensional degradation is rather high. The simple expressions for moments and effective parameters can be used as screening tools to assess the behavior of volatile compounds in vadoze zone of soils. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Parashar, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2007 VL 133 IS 9 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201JH UT WOS:000248826800003 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Whitman, RL Frick, WE Ge, ZF AF Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. Frick, Walter E. Ge, Zhongfu TI Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; COASTAL WATER-QUALITY; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SURF ZONE; ENTEROCOCCI; INACTIVATION; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SEAWATER AB The impact of river outfalls on beach water quality depends on numerous interacting factors. The delivery of contaminants by multiple creeks greatly complicates understanding of the source contributions, especially when pollution might originate up- or down-coast of beaches. We studied two beaches along Lake Michigan that are located between two creek outfalls to determine the hydrometeorologic factors influencing near-shore microbiologic water quality and the relative impact of the creeks. The creeks continuously delivered water with high concentrations of Escherichia colt to Lake Michigan, and the direction of transport of these bacteria I was affected by current direction. Current direction reversals were associated with elevated E coli concentrations at Central Avenue beach. Rainfall, barometric pressure, wave height, wave period, and creek specific conductance were significantly related to E coli concentration at the beaches and were the parameters used in predictive models that best described E coli variation at the two beaches. Multiple inputs to numerous beaches complicates the analysis and understanding of the relative relationship of sources but affords opportunities for showing how these complex creek inputs might interact to yield collective or individual effects on beach water quality. C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1345 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0025 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200014 PM 17636296 ER PT J AU Lakind, JS Wilkins, AA Bates, MN AF Lakind, Judy S. Wilkins, Amy A. Bates, Michael N. TI Human breast biomonitoring and environmental chemicals: use of breast tissues and fluids in breast cancer etiologic research SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE breast biomonitoring; cancer; environmental chemicals; NAF; breast milk ID NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MAMMARY-GLAND CARCINOGENESIS; DUCTAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN-MILK SURVEILLANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RISK-FACTORS; DNA-ADDUCTS; UNITED-STATES AB Extensive research indicates that the etiology of breast cancer is complex and multifactorial and may include environmental risk factors. Breast cancer etiology and exposure to xenobiotic compounds, diet, electromagnetic fields, and lifestyle have been the subject of numerous scientific inquiries, but research has yielded inconsistent results. Biomonitoring has been used to explore associations between breast cancer and levels of environmental chemicals in the breast. Research using breast tissues and fluids to cast light on the etiology of breast cancer is, for the most part, predicated on the assumption that the tissue or fluid samples either contain measurable traces of the environmental agent(s) associated with the cancer or that they retain biological changes that are biomarkers of such exposure or precursors of carcinogenic effect. In this paper, we review breast cancer etiology research utilizing breast biomonitoring. We first provide a brief synopsis of the current state of understanding of associations between exposure to environmental chemicals and breast cancer etiology. We then describe the published breast cancer research on tissues and fluids, which have been used for biomonitoring, specifically human milk and its components, malignant and benign breast tissue, nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and breast cyst fluid. We conclude with a discussion on recommendations for biomonitoring of breast tissues and fluids in future breast cancer etiology research. Both human milk and NAF fluids, and the cells contained therein, hold promise for future biomonitoring research in to breast cancer etiology, but must be conducted with carefully delineated hypotheses and a scientifically supportable epidemiological approach. C1 LaKind Assoc, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lakind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Assoc, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@comcast.net NR 116 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 525 EP 540 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500548 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 209PQ UT WOS:000249400900004 PM 17356564 ER PT J AU Pauer, JJ Taunt, KW Melendez, W Kreis, RG Anstead, AM AF Pauer, James J. Taunt, Katherine W. Melendez, Wilson Kreis, Russell G., Jr. Anstead, Amy M. TI Resurrection of the lake Michigan Eutrophication model, MICH1 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake Michigan; mathematical model; phosphorus; chlorophyll-a ID GREAT-LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO AB The Lake Michigan model, MICH1, was developed more than 30 years ago. This framework was evaluated using field data collected in 1976 and was later applied to predict total phosphorus and phytoplankton concentrations in Lake Michigan during the 1980s and early 1990s. With a renewed interest in the interaction of phytoplankton with toxics and the applicability to Total Maximum Daily Load studies, several new models have been developed and older models have been revived. As part of our interest in plankton dynamics in Lake Michigan, the MICH1 model was resurrected. The model was evaluated over the 1976-1995 period, with a surprisingly good model fit to lake-wide average total phosphorus (TP) field data. However, the model was less successful in mimicking the chlorophyll-a measurements, especially in the hypolimnion. Given the results, the model was applied to perform a few long-term TP model simulations. Using the model with average 1994-95 phosphorus loadings, a steady state was reached within approximately 20 years, and the lakewide phosphorus concentration was below the International Joint Commission water quality guideline of 7,mu g/L. This exercise demonstrated that a relatively simple, four-segment model was able to mimic the TP lake-wide data well. However, this model was less suitable to predict future chlorophyll-a concentrations due to the limitation in the representation of the foodchain and the difficulty of the coarse segmentation of the model to capture the deep chlorophyll-a layer. Strengths and limitations of this model can guide future development of eutrophication models for Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes. C1 Z Tech Corp, USEPA Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. Welso Fed Serv LLC, USEPA Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. Comp Sci Corp, USEPA Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Pauer, JJ (reprint author), Z Tech Corp, USEPA Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM Pauer.james@epa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 554 EP 565 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[554:ROTLME]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400004 ER PT J AU Watkins, JM Dermott, R Lozano, SJ Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Scharold, JV AF Watkins, James M. Dermott, Ronald Lozano, Stephen J. Mills, Edward L. Rudstam, Lars G. Scharold, Jill V. TI Evidence for remote effects of dreissenid mussels on the amphipod Diporeia: analysis of Lake Ontario Benthic Surveys, 1972-2003 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amphipod; diporeia; Dreissena; lake Ontario; competition ID GREAT-LAKES; MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; NEPHELOID LAYER; MICHIGAN; POLYMORPHA; COMMUNITY; SUPERIOR; ERIE; FOOD AB The status of invasive dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) and native amphipods (Diporeia spp.) in Lake Ontario was assessed in 2003 and compared with historical data. D. polymorpha (zebra mussels) were rarely observed in 2003, having been displaced by D. bugensis (quagga mussels). D. bugensis expanded its depth range from 38 m depth in 1995 to 174 m in 2003 and this dreissenid reached densities averaging 8,000/m(2) at all sites < 90 m. During the same time period, Diporeia populations almost completely disappeared from 0-90 m depth, continuing a declining trend from 1994-1997 reported in previous studies. The average density of Diporeia in the 30-90 m depth interval decreased from 1,380/m(2) to 63/m(2) between 1997 and 2003. Prior to 2003, areas deeper than 90 m represented a refuge for Diporeia, but even these deep populations decreased, with densities declining from 2,181/m(2) in 1999 to 545/m(2) in 2003. Two common hypotheses for the decline of Diporeia in the Great Lakes are food limitation and a toxin/pathogen associated with dreissenid pseudofeces. The Diporeia decline in deep waters preceded the expansion of D. bugensis to these depths, and suggests that shallow dreissenid populations remotely influence profundal habitats. This pattern of decline is consistent with mechanisms that act from some distance including nearshore dreissenid grazing and downslope transport of pseudofeces. C1 Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Watkins, JM (reprint author), Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM jmw237@cornell.edu NR 49 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 642 EP 657 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[642:EFREOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400011 ER PT J AU Tepolt, CK Blum, MJ Lee, VA Hanson, ED AF Tepolt, Carolyn K. Blum, Michael J. Lee, Victoria A. Hanson, Erik D. TI Genetic analysis of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) introduced to the North American Great Lakes and St. Lawrence seaway SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chinese mitten crab; eriocheir sinensis; great lakes; invasive species; multiple introductions; St. Lawrence seaway ID CONTINENTAL EUROPE; INVASION; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; INDIVIDUALS AB The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an invasive organism of concern, with established non-native populations in Europe and California, USA. The species is thought to pose a risk to other North American waterways, including the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. Since 1965, there have been sixteen confirmed adult E. sinensis caught in the North American Great Lakes or adjoining waterways. Analysis of their mitochondrial DNA sequence variation for part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene discerned three haplotypes among seven individuals (caught between 1973 and 2005), identical to common haplotypes in Europe. Analysis of mitochondrial haplotype frequencies and shipping patterns suggests that E. sinensis has been introduced to the Great Lakes from Europe, although we are unable to preclude native Asian populations as putative sources. The species is catadromous, migrating between salt and fresh water to complete its life cycle. This trait makes it unlikely that E. sinensis will establish a breeding population in the Great Lakes proper, which are separated from saltwater by a considerable distance and significant instream barriers such as waterfalls and navigation locks. However, the recent discovery of two confirmed mitten crabs in the St. Lawrence River, which could be more readily colonized, underscores the risk posed by the repeated introduction of this species into the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Lake Erie Management Unit, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. Portland State Univ, Ctr Lakes & Reservoirs, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Tepolt, CK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM carolyn.tepolt@gmail.com NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 658 EP 667 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[658:GAOTCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400012 ER PT J AU Pfaller, SL Aronson, TW Holtzman, AE Covert, TC AF Pfaller, Stacy L. Aronson, Timothy W. Holtzman, Alan E. Covert, Terry C. TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from southern California SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; RESTRICTION; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; IS1245; TUBERCULOSIS; DIVERSITY AB Fine-scale genotyping methods are necessary in order to identify possible sources of human exposure to opportunistic pathogens belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was evaluated for fingerprinting 159 patient and environmental MAC isolates from southern California. AFLP analysis accurately identified strains belonging to M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare and differentiated between strains within each species. The method was also able to differentiate strains that were presumed to be genetically identical in two previous studies using large RFLP analysis with PFGE, or PCR-amplification of DNA segments located between insertion sequences IS 1245 and IS 1311. For M. avium, drinking-water isolates clustered more closely with each other than with patient or food isolates. Patient isolates were more genetically diverse. None of the environmental isolates shared identical AFLP patterns with patient isolates for either species. There were, however, environmental isolates that shared identical patterns, and patient isolates that shared identical patterns. A subset of the isolates, which are referred to as MX isolates due to their ambiguous identification with the Gen-Probe system, produced AFLP patterns similar to those obtained from M. intracellulare isolates. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA obtained from the MX isolates suggests that they are strains of M. intracellulare that were not correctly identified by the M. intracellulare AccuProbe from Gen-Probe. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Olive View Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Educ & Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. SHAW Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Pfaller, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pfaller.stacy@epa.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1152 EP 1160 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47075-0 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 213YK UT WOS:000249703000004 PM 17761476 ER PT J AU Lindquist, HDA Harris, S Lucas, S Hartzel, M Riner, D Rochele, P DeLeon, R AF Lindquist, H. D. Alan Harris, Stephanie Lucas, Sasha Hartzel, Margaret Riner, Diana Rochele, Paul DeLeon, Ricardo TI Using ultrafiltration to concentrate and detect Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus atrophaeus subspecies globigii, and Cryptosporidium parvum in 100-liter water samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus atrophaeus subspecies globigii; Cryptosporidium parvum; ultrafiltration; sampling; water ID POPULATION; RECOVERY; OOCYSTS; VIRUSES; GIARDIA AB A strategy that uses ultrafiltration (UF) to concentrate microorganisms from water samples has been developed and tested. This strategy was tested using 100-liter water samples with volume reduction achieved through ultrafiltration and recycling the microorganisms of interest through a retentate vessel, rather than returning them to the sample container, where they might pose an incremental hazard to sample takers or the environment. Three protocols based on this strategy were tested. The first protocol entailed sample volume reduction and collection of the final reduced sample. The second and third protocols both incorporated pretreatment of the filter and fluid lines with a solution to prevent microorganisms from adhering. In the second protocol, the filter was back flushed with a surfactant solution to recover microorganisms. The third protocol used recirculation of a surfactant solution to recover microorganisms. Tests were undertaken using 100-liter water samples spiked with approximately 100 or 1000 microorganisms (1 or 10 per liter). Test microorganisms included Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain, Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii, and Cryptosporidium parvum. The first protocol had significantly lower recovery than the other two. Back flushing resulted in higher recovery than forward flushing, but the difference was not statistically significant. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Port Orchard, WA USA. Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. Metropolitan Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 W M L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lindquist.alan@epa.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.007 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 212DM UT WOS:000249573800012 PM 17669525 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Stokes, WS Bajuscak, R Serdula, M Siegel, KL Griffin, B Keiser, J Agate, L Kite-Powell, A Roach, D Humbert, N Brusuelas, K Shekar, SS AF Taylor, Melanie M. Stokes, William S. Bajuscak, Ronald Serdula, Mary Siegel, Karen L. Griffin, Brian Keiser, Jeffrey Agate, Lisa Kite-Powell, Aaron Roach, David Humbert, Nancy Brusuelas, Kristin Shekar, Sam S. TI Mobilizing mobile medical units for hurricane relief: The United States Public Health Service and Broward County Health Department response to hurricane Wilma, Broward county, Florida SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disaster relief; hurricane; mobile medical units; syndromic surveillance ID KATRINA AB Objectives: To describe the outcomes Of a collaborative response of federal, state, county, and local agencies in conducting syndromic surveillance and delivering medical care to persons affected by the storm through the use of mobile medical units. Methods: Nine mobile medical vans were staffed with medical personnel to deliver care in communities affected by the storm. Individual patient encounter information was collected. Results: A total of 14 033 housing units were approached and checked for occupants. Of residents with whom contact was made, approximately 10 percent required medical assessment in their homes; 3 218 clients were medically evaluated on the mobile medical vans. Sixty-two percent of clients were female. The most common presenting complaints included normal health maintenance (59%), upper respiratory tract illness (10%), and other illness (10%). Injuries occurred in 9 percent. A total of 1 531 doses of medications were dispensed from the mobile medical units during the response. Conclusion: Mobile medical units provided an efficient means to conduct syndromic surveillance and to reach populations in need of medical care who were unable to access fixed local medical facilities. C1 United States Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program Interagency Evaluat Alternat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. United States Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Natl Consultant Oral Med Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. Broward Ctr Hlth Dept, Florida Dept Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Broward Epidemiol Florida, Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Bureau Epidemiol Florida, Dept Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Publ Hlth Serv Commiss Corps, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Clin Res Grants, Off Extramural Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, United States Publ Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov RI Siegel, Karen Lohmann/B-5898-2008; OI Siegel, Karen Lohmann/0000-0002-0788-6612 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203RU UT WOS:000248992500003 PM 17762687 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, Lester L. TI Maximum likelihood method for predicting environmental conditions from assemblage composition: The R package bio.infer SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE maximum likelihood; paleolimnology; weighted averaging; environmental prediction; R ID REGRESSION; DIATOMS; PH; CALIBRATION; INFERENCES; ERROR AB This paper provides a brief introduction to the R package bio. infer, a set of scripts that facilitates the use of maximum likelihood (ML) methods for predicting environmental conditions from assemblage composition. Environmental conditions can often be inferred from only biological data, and these inferences are useful when other sources of data are unavailable. ML prediction methods are statistically rigorous and applicable to a broader set of problems than more commonly used weighted averaging techniques. However, ML methods require a substantially greater investment of time to program algorithms and to perform computations. This package is designed to reduce the effort required to apply ML prediction methods. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 252EP UT WOS:000252429700001 ER PT J AU Billets, S Dindal, A AF Billets, Stephen Dindal, Amy TI History and accomplishments of the US environmental protection agency's superfund innovative technology evaluation (SITE) monitoring and measurement technology (MMT) program SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE US EPA; SITE program; monitoring technologies; technology evaluation AB This manuscript presents a detailed narrative of the history, accomplishments, and evolution of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Verification Program. This includes a discussion of how fundamental concepts of a performance testing/verification program were developed in response to the 1986 Congressional legislation that was enacted to bring together technology developers, users, and EPAs credibility in a national testing program. One impetus for the program was the technology developers' need for a cost effective and technically credible program for showcasing the performance of their technologies to EPA regions, other federal agencies, and other clients. The SITE Program was EPAs first technology verification program and it has served as a model for subsequent evaluation programs. The performance characteristics of 70 technologies have been verified by the SITE MMT Program. A survey of developers that have participated in the program indicated their overall satisfaction and a summary of their observations is presented. The outcome of the program and its legacy represents an important contribution to the EPA Superfund Program and the use of field analytical technologies. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Billets, S (reprint author), US EPA, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 486 EP 495 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 208ME UT WOS:000249322600005 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG Lavine, M Lozier, S AF Rappold, Ana Grohovac Lavine, Michael Lozier, Susan TI Subjective likelihood for the assessment of trends in the ocean's mixed-layer depth SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bayes; climate change; elicitation; foundations; likelihood; oceanography. AB This article describes a Bayesian statistical analysis of long-term changes in the depth of the ocean's mixed layer. The data are thermal profiles recorded by ships. For these data, there is no good sampling model and thus no obvious likelihood function. Our approach is to elicit posterior distributions for training data directly from the expert. We then infer the likelihood function and use it on large datasets. C1 Duke Univ, US EPA, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Rappold, AG (reprint author), Duke Univ, US EPA, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ana@stat.duke.edu; michael@stat.duke.edu; mslozier@duke.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 102 IS 479 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1198/016214507000000761 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 214QD UT WOS:000249752300001 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG Lavine, M Lozier, S AF Rappold, Ana Grohovac Lavine, Michael Lozier, Susan TI Rejoinder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Duke Univ, US EPA, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Rappold, AG (reprint author), Duke Univ, US EPA, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ana@stat.duke.edu; rnichael@stat.duke.edu; mslozier@duke.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 102 IS 479 BP 785 EP 787 DI 10.1198/016214507000000824 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 214QD UT WOS:000249752300005 ER PT J AU Fristachi, A Rice, G AF Fristachi, Anthony Rice, Glenn TI Estimation of the total daily oral intake of NDMA attributable to drinking water SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE DBPs; disinfection by-products; drinking water; exposure assessment; NDMA; N-Nitrosodimethylamine ID N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA; BY-PRODUCTS; LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS; NITROSO COMPOUNDS; NITROSAMINES; FOODS; BEVERAGES; SMOKE; BACON; RISK AB Disinfection with chlorine and chloramine leads to the formation of many disinfection by-products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Because NDMA is a probable human carcinogen, public health officials are concerned with its occurrence in drinking water. The goal of this study was to estimate NDMA concentrations from exogenous (i.e., drinking water and food) and endogenous (i.e., formed in the human body) sources, calculate average daily doses for ingestion route exposures and estimate the proportional oral intake (POI) of NDMA attributable to the consumption of drinking water relative to other ingestion sources Of NDMA. The POI is predicted to be 0.02% relative to exogenous and enclogenous NDMA sources combined. when only exogenous sources are considered, the POI was predicted to be 2.7%. The exclusion of endogenously formed NDMA causes the POI to increase dramatically, reflecting its importance as a potentially major source of exposure and uncertainty in the model. Although concentrations of NDMA in foods are small and human exposure to NDMA from foods is quite low, the contribution from food is predicted to be high relative to that of drinking water. The mean concentration of NDMA in drinking water would need to increase from 2.1 X 10(-3) mu g/L to 0.10 mu g/L, a 47-fold increase, for the POI to reach 1%, relative to all sources of NDMA considered in our model, suggesting that drinking water consumption is most likely a minor source of NDMA exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fristachi, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 26 W,Martin Luther King Dr,MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM afristac@jhsph.edu NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 341 EP 355 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.030 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 204EE UT WOS:000249025600002 PM 17878549 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ Rogers, ME Neely, AN Haugland, RA AF Vesper, S. J. Rogers, M. E. Neely, A. N. Haugland, R. A. TI Opportunistic Aspergillus pathogens measured in home and hospital tap water by quantitative PCR (QPCR) SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; immunocompromised; quantitative PCR; tap water ID DRINKING-WATER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; POTABLE WATER; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; TERREUS; MOLDS AB opportunistic fungal pathogens are a concern because of the increasing number of patients. The goal of this research was to test a simple extraction method immunocompromised and rapid quantitative PCR (QPCR) measurement of the occurrence of potential pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus and A. niger, in home tap water and a hospital water supply. Water samples were taken from the kitchen tap in the homes of 60 patients who were diagnosed with legionellosis. Water samples were also taken from three locations in a hospital that generated all of its hot water by flash heating. Opportunistic infectious agents Aspergillus A. flavus, A. terreus and A. niger were measured using QPCR. Aspergillus terreus DNA fumigatus was found in 16.7% and A. fumigatus DNA in 1.7% of the samples taken from the kitchen tap. None of the Aspergillus species were found in any of the hospital water samples. The development of a simple DNA extraction method along with QPCR analysis is suitable for rapid screening of tap water for opportunistic fungal pathogens. This simple method can be used to obtain pathogen occurrence results in about 3 h, instead of waiting days to weeks for culture data. Obtaining pathogen occurrence data in a timely manner could promote the elimination of the pathogens from the water supply of immunocompromised patients. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA. Shriners Burns Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45216 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.038 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 204EE UT WOS:000249025600010 PM 17878557 ER PT J AU Fiehn, O Robertson, D Griffin, J van der Werf, M Nikolau, B Morrison, N Sumner, LW Goodacre, R Hardy, NW Taylor, C Fostel, J Kristal, B Kaddurah-Daouk, R Mendes, P van Ommen, B Lindon, JC Sansone, SA AF Fiehn, Oliver Robertson, Don Griffin, Jules van der Werf, Mariet Nikolau, Basil Morrison, Norman Sumner, Lloyd W. Goodacre, Roy Hardy, Nigel W. Taylor, Chris Fostel, Jennifer Kristal, Bruce Kaddurah-Daouk, Rima Mendes, Pedro van Ommen, Ben Lindon, John C. Sansone, Susanna-Assunta TI The metabolomics standards initiative (MSI) SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE standardization; metabolomics; metabonomics; metabolite profiling; databases ontology ID GENOMICS; WORK AB In 2005, the Metabolomics Standards Initiative has been formed. An outline and general introduction is provided to inform about the history, structure, working plan and intentions of this initiative. Comments on any of the suggested minimal reporting standards are welcome to be sent to the open email list Msi-workgroups-feedback@lists.sourceforge.net C1 Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Mol Profiling, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. TNO Qual Life, Zeist, Netherlands. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. NERC, Environm Bioinformat Ctr, Oxford Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Coll Wales, Dept Comp Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. EMBL EBI European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biomol Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Fiehn, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ofiehn@ucdavis.edu RI Goodacre, Roy/J-1600-2012; Sumner, Lloyd/A-3270-2013; Smith, Barry/A-9525-2011; OI Goodacre, Roy/0000-0003-2230-645X; Smith, Barry/0000-0003-1384-116X; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 13 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11306-007-0070-6 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 217JZ UT WOS:000249945500001 ER PT J AU van der Werf, MJ Takors, R Smedsgaard, J Nielsen, J Ferenci, T Portais, JC Wittmann, C Hooks, M Tomassini, A Oldiges, M Fostel, J Sauer, U AF van der Werf, Mariet J. Takors, Ralf Smedsgaard, Jorn Nielsen, Jens Ferenci, Tom Portais, Jean Charles Wittmann, Christoph Hooks, Mark Tomassini, Alberta Oldiges, Marco Fostel, Jennifer Sauer, Uwe TI Standard reporting requirements for biological samples in metabolomics experiments: microbial and in vitro biology experiments SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE microbiology; in vitro biology; metabolomics; minimal reporting standards; sample context ID PLANT METABOLOMICS AB With the increasing use of metabolomics as a means to study a large number of different biological research questions, there is a need for a minimal set of reporting standards that allow the scientific community to evaluate, understand, repeat, compare and re-investigate metabolomics studies. Here we propose, a first draft of minimal requirements to effectively describe the biological context of metabolomics studies that involve microbial or in vitro biological subjects. This recommendation has been produced by the microbiology and in vitro biology working subgroup of the Metabolomics Standards Initiative in collaboration with the yeast systems biology network as part of a wider standardization initiative led by the Metabolomics Society. Microbial and in vitro biology metabolomics is defined by this sub-working group as studies with any cell or organism that require a defined external medium to facilitate growth and propagation. Both a minimal set and a best practice set of reporting standards for metabolomics experiments have been defined. The minimal set of reporting standards for microbial or in vitro biology metabolomics experiments includes those factors that are specific for metabolomics experiments and that critically determine the outcome of the experiments. The best practice set of reporting standards contains both the factors that are specific for metabolomics experiments and general aspects that critically determine the outcome of any microbial or in vitro biological experiment. C1 TNO Qual Life, Dept Microbiol, Zeist, Netherlands. Degussa AG, Hanau, Germany. Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Inst Natl Sci Appl, Biosyst Adn Proc Engn Lab, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Univ Saarland, Syst Biotechnol Grp, D-6600 Saarbrucken, Germany. Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Sigma Tau Pharmaceut Co, Sci Dept, Rome, Italy. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. ETH, Inst Mol Syst Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP van der Werf, MJ (reprint author), TNO Qual Life, Dept Microbiol, POB 360, Zeist, Netherlands. EM Mariet.vanderwerf@tno.n1; ralf.takors@degussa.com; js@biocentrum.dtu.dk; jn@biocentrum.dtu.dk; t.ferenci@microbio.usyd.edu.au; jean-charles.portais@insa-toulouse.fr; e.wittmann@mx.uni-saarland.de; bss606@bangro.ac.uk; alfredo.miccheli@uniromal.it; m.oldiges@fz-juelich.de; Fostel@niehs.nih.gov; sauer@imsb.biol.ethz.ch RI Ferenci, Tom/A-1177-2010; Oldiges, Marco/C-8871-2013; OI Wittmann, Christoph/0000-0002-7952-985X; Oldiges, Marco/0000-0003-0704-5597 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s11306-007-0080-4 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 217JZ UT WOS:000249945500003 ER PT J AU Morrison, N Bearden, D Bundy, JG Collette, T Currie, F Davey, MP Haigh, NS Hancock, D Jones, OAH Rochfort, S Sansone, SA Stys, D Teng, Q Field, D Viant, MR AF Morrison, Norman Bearden, Dan Bundy, Jacob G. Collette, Tim Currie, Felicity Davey, Matthew P. Haigh, Nathan S. Hancock, David Jones, Oliver A. H. Rochfort, Simone Sansone, Susanna-Assunta Stys, Dalibor Teng, Quincy Field, Dawn Viant, Mark R. TI Standard reporting requirements for biological samples in metabolomics experiments: environmental context SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; standard; environmental; reporting requirements; minimum ID NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; ONTOLOGY; URINE; MICE AB Metabolomic technologies are increasingly being applied to study biological questions in a range of different settings from clinical through to environmental. As with other high-throughput technologies, such as those used in transcriptomics and proteomics, metabolomics continues to generate large volumes of complex data that necessitates computational management. Making sense of this wealth of information also requires access to sufficiently detailed and well annotated meta-data. Here we provide standard reporting requirements for describing biological samples, taken from an environmental context and involved in metabolomic experiments. It is our intention that these reporting requirements should guide and support the standardised annotation, dissemination and interpretation of environmental metabolomics metadata. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. NERC, Environm Bioinformat Ctr, Oxford Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Div Surg Oncol Reprod Biol & Anaesthet, London SW7 2AZ, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Bioctr, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ S Bohemia, Inst Phys Biol, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Syst Biol & Ecol, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Morrison, N (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Kilburn Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM norman.morrison@manchester.ac.uk RI Bundy, Jacob/C-2131-2008; Watson-Haigh, Nathan/B-9833-2008; Field, Dawn/C-1653-2010; Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; Stys, Dalibor/G-5213-2015; Jones, Oliver/B-9778-2008; OI Bundy, Jacob/0000-0002-1164-8465; Watson-Haigh, Nathan/0000-0002-7935-6151; Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Rochfort, Simone/0000-0001-8442-6081; Jones, Oliver/0000-0002-4541-662X; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s11306-007-0067-1 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 217JZ UT WOS:000249945500005 ER PT J AU Newbold, RR Jefferson, WN Grissom, SF Padilla-Banks, E Snyder, RJ Lobenhofer, EK AF Newbold, Retha R. Jefferson, Wendy N. Grissom, Sherry F. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Snyder, Ryan J. Lobenhofer, Edward K. TI Developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol alters uterine gene expression that may be associated with uterine neoplasia later in life SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE early development; estrogen-regulated genes; endocrine disruptors; neonatal imprinting; epigenetics; carcinogenesis; hormonal carcinogenesis ID ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ADENOSIS-LIKE LESIONS; C-JUN PROTOONCOGENE; MOUSE UTERUS; IN-UTERO; ESTROGEN DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; DES EXPOSURE; CD-1 MICE AB Previously, we described a mouse model where the well-known reproductive carcinogen with estrogenic activity, diethylstilbestrol (DES), caused uterine adenocarcinoma following neonatal treatment. Tumor incidence was dose-dependent reaching >90% by 18 mo following neonatal treatment with 1000 mu g/kg/d of DES. These tumors followed the initiation/promotion model of hormonal carcinogenesis with developmental exposure as initiator, and exposure to ovarian hormones at puberty as the promoter. To identify molecular pathways involved in DES-initiation events, uterine gene expression profiles were examined in prepubertal mice exposed to DES (1, 10, or 1000 mu g/kg/d) on days 1-5 and compared to controls. Of more than 20 000 transcripts, approximately 3% were differentially expressed in at least one DES treatment group compared to controls; some transcripts demonstrated dose-responsiveness. Assessment of gene ontology annotation revealed alterations in genes associated with cell growth, differentiation, and adhesion. When expression profiles were compared to published studies of uteri from 5-d-old DES-treated mice, or adult mice treated with 17 beta estradiol, similarities were seen suggesting persistent differential expression of estrogen responsive genes following developmental DES exposure. Moreover, several altered genes were identified in human uterine adenocarcinomas. Four altered genes [lactotransferrin (Ltf), transforming growth factor beta inducible (Tgfb1), cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (Sfrp4)], selected for real-time RT-PCR analysis, correlated well with the directionality of the microarray data. These data suggested altered gene expression profiles observed 2 wk after treatment ceased, were established at the time of developmental exposure and maybe related to the initiation events resulting in carcinogenesis. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Disruptor Sect, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Newbold, RR (reprint author), NIEHS, 111 Alexder Dr, S Campus, PO Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES070060-34, Z99 ES999999] NR 61 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 783 EP 796 DI 10.1002/mc.20308 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 214XT UT WOS:000249772300005 PM 17394237 ER PT J AU Tanno, T Bhanu, NV Oneal, PA Goh, SH Staker, P Lee, YT Moroney, JW Reed, CH Luban, NLC Wang, RH Eling, TE Childs, R Ganz, T Leitman, SF Fucharoen, S Miller, JL AF Tanno, Toshihiko Bhanu, Natarajan V. Oneal, Patricia A. Goh, Sung-Ho Staker, Pamela Lee, Y. Terry Moroney, John W. Reed, Christopher H. Luban, Naomi L. C. Wang, Rui-Hong Eling, Thomas E. Childs, Richard Ganz, Tomas Leitman, Susan F. Fucharoen, Suthat Miller, Jeffery L. TI High levels of GDF15 in thalassemia suppress expression of the iron regulatory protein hepcidin SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE INHIBITORY CYTOKINE-1; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; FACTOR-BETA SUPERFAMILY; SERUM; ERYTHROPOIESIS; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; ACTIVATION; PREGNANCY AB In thalassemia, deficient globin-chain production during erythropoiesis results in anemia(1-3). Thalassemia may be further complicated by iron overload (frequently exacerbated by blood transfusion), which induces numerous endocrine diseases, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac failure and even death(4). Accumulation of iron in the absence of blood transfusions may result from inappropriate suppression of the iron-regulating peptide hepcidin by an erythropoietic mechanism(5). To test this hypothesis, we examined erythroblast transcriptome profiles from 15 healthy, nonthalassemic donors. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, showed increased expression and secretion during erythroblast maturation. Healthy volunteers had mean GDF15 serum concentrations of 450 +/- 50 pg/ml. In comparison, individuals with beta-thalassemia syndromes had elevated GDF15 serum levels (mean 66,000 +/- 9,600 pg/ml; range 4,800-248,000 pg/ml; P < 0.05) that were positively correlated with the levels of soluble transferrin receptor, erythropoietin and ferritin. Serum from thalassemia patients suppressed hepcidin mRNA expression in primary human hepatocytes, and depletion of GDF15 reversed hepcidin suppression. These results suggest that GDF15 overexpression arising from an expanded erythroid compartment contributes to iron overload in thalassemia syndromes by inhibiting hepcidin expression. C1 NIDDK, Mol Med Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Lab Med Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NIDDK, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NHLBI, Hematol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mahidol Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Res & Dev, Thalassemia Res Ctr, Phuttamonthon 73170, Nakornpathom, Thailand. RP Miller, JL (reprint author), NIDDK, Mol Med Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, 10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jm7f@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 30 TC 422 Z9 437 U1 4 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1096 EP 1101 DI 10.1038/nm1629 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 208XS UT WOS:000249353100037 PM 17721544 ER PT J AU Brynczka, C Merrick, BA AF Brynczka, Christopher Merrick, Bruce Alex TI Nerve growth factor potentiates p53 DNA binding but inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in neuronal PC12 cells SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NO; PC12; mitochondria; differentiation; NGF; p53 ID HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; WILD-TYPE P53; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; HEME OXYGENASE-1; MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; SIGNALING PATHWAY; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA AB NGF is recognized for its role in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. Differentiation of PC12 cells by NGF involves p53, a transcription factor that controls growth arrest and apoptosis. We investigated NGF influence over p53 activity during NO-induced apoptosis by sodium nitroprusside in differentiated and mitotic PC12 cells. NGF-differentiation produced increased p53 levels, nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA binding. Apoptosis in mitotic cells also produced these events but the accompanying activation of caspases 1-10 and mitochondrial depolarization were inhibited during NGF differentiation and could be reversed in p53-silenced cells. Transcriptional regulation of PUMA and survivin expression were not inhibited by NGF, although NO-induced mitochondrial depolarization was dependent upon de novo gene transcription and only occurred in mitotic cells. We conclude that NGF mediates prosurvival signaling by increasing factors such as Bcl-2 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) without altering p53 transcriptional activity to inhibit mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation and apoptosis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Merrick, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM merrick@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES023012-13] NR 76 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1573 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s11064-007-9362-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 192GZ UT WOS:000248190200018 PM 17592775 ER PT J AU Gee, J Moser, V AF Gee, J. R. Moser, V. C. TI Developmental evaluations of C57BL/6 mice exposed to 2,2 ',4,4 '-brominated diphenyl ether (DE47) on postnatal day 10 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/26th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral-Toxicology-Society held in Conjunction with the 47th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/20th Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 23-27, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Behav Toxicol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 NC State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 589 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.08.023 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 237EM UT WOS:000251356600012 ER PT J AU Hou, EW Prasad, R Asagoshi, K Masaoka, A Wilson, SH AF Hou, Esther W. Prasad, Rajendra Asagoshi, Kenjiro Masaoka, Aya Wilson, Samuel H. TI Comparative assessment of plasmid and oligonucleotide DNA substrates in measurement of in vitro base excision repair activity SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-BETA; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MISMATCH REPAIR; UP-REGULATION; PROTEIN; RECONSTITUTION; EXTRACTS; PATHWAY; SITE AB Mammalian base excision repair (BER) is mediated through at least two subpathways designated single-nucleotide (SN) and long-patch (LP) BER (2-nucleotides long/more repair patch). Two forms of DNA substrate are generally used for in vitro BER assays: oligonucleotide- and plasmid-based. For plasmid-based BER assays, the availability of large quantities of substrate DNA with a specific lesion remains the limiting factor. Using sequence-specific endonucleases that cleave only one strand of DNA on a double-stranded DNA substrate, we prepared large quantities of plasmid DNA with a specific lesion. We compared the kinetic features of BER using plasmid and oligonucleotide substrates containing the same lesion and strategic restriction sites around the lesion. The K-m for plasmid DNA substrate was slightly higher than that for the oligonucleotide substrate, while the V-max of BER product formation for the plasmid and oligonucleotide substrates was similar. The catalytic efficiency of BER with the oligonucleotide substrate was slightly higher than that with the plasmid substrate. We conclude that there were no significant differences in the catalytic efficiency of in vitro BER measured with plasmid and oligonucleotide substrates. Analysis of the ratio of SN BER to LP BER was addressed using cellular extracts and a novel plasmid substrate. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilson, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, 101 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilson5@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 17 AR e112 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm639 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 227UO UT WOS:000250683500005 PM 17720705 ER PT J AU Zawiski, B AF Zawiski, Bill TI Transparency tube monitoring as an indicator of fish community health SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Transparency tubes have been shown to be useful tools for suspended solids estimation in flowing waters. Suspended solids and turbidity can impact streams in a number of ways from habitat smothering to visual impairments. Comparison of transparency tube data to the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) as measured by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency shows a strong correlation. Additional data must be gathered to determine whether this is a true relationship. C1 US EPA, Div Surface Water, NE Dist Off, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. RP Zawiski, B (reprint author), US EPA, Div Surface Water, NE Dist Off, 2110 Aurora Rd, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 107 IS 4 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239NF UT WOS:000251524300005 ER PT J AU Daniels, JL Rowland, AS Longnecker, MP Crawford, P Golding, J AF Daniels, Julie L. Rowland, Andrew S. Longnecker, Matthew P. Crawford, Peter Golding, Jean CA ALSPAC Study Team TI Maternal dental history, child's birth outcome and early cognitive development SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal dental treatment; mercury; X-rays; birthweight; gestation; child development ID NATIONAL-WILMS-TUMOR; MERCURY EXPOSURE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERIODONTAL HEALTH; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ORAL-HEALTH; IN-UTERO; METHYLMERCURY; WEIGHT AB Prenatal exposure to high levels of mercury, radiation and inflammation have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes such as increases in preterm delivery, low birthweight and delayed neurodevelopment. Few data are available to evaluate the potential effects of prenatal low-level exposure to these factors as may occur during dental care. We evaluated maternal dental history prior to and during pregnancy in relation to birth outcomes and early communicative development among offspring in a large cohort (n = 7375) of British children born in 1991-92. Dental history was assessed by questionnaire. The child's communicative development was assessed using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory at 15 months of age. Total mercury was measured in umbilical cord tissue for a subset of the children. Overall, dental care, including amalgam fillings, was not associated with birth outcomes or language development. Having X-rays taken during pregnancy was not associated with birthweight measured continuously (b = 14.7, P = 0.4), but was associated with slightly increased odds of having a term, low-birthweight baby (OR 1.9, [95% confidence interval 1.0, 3.4]). More detailed evaluation of the potential adverse effects of elective dental treatment during pregnancy, particularly dental X-rays, may be warranted. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, MPH Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Community Based Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, Sch Dent, Dept Paediat Dent, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Daniels, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM juliedaniels@unc.edu OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049021-12]; Medical Research Council [G9815508]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, P30 ES10126, P30 ES012072] NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00819.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 206PZ UT WOS:000249196700008 PM 17697075 ER PT J AU Motsinger, AA Ritchie, MD Reif, DM AF Motsinger, Alison A. Ritchie, Marylyn D. Reif, David M. TI Novel methods for detecting epistasis in pharmacogenomics studies SO PHARMACOGENOMICS LA English DT Review DE data-mining; epistasis; gene-environment; interactions; gene-gene; interactions; novel; computational methods; pharmacogenomics ID MULTIFACTOR-DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; GENE-GENE INTERACTIONS; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATIONS; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; COMPLEX TRAITS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; HUMAN-DISEASES; HUMAN GENOME AB The importance of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the underlying genetic architecture of common, complex phenotypes is gaining wide recognition in the field of pharmacogenomics. In epidemiological approaches to mapping genetic variants that predict drug response, it is important that researchers investigate potential epistatic interactions. In the current review, we discuss data-mining tools available in genetic epidemiology to detect such interactions and appropriate applications. We survey several classes of novel methods available and present an organized collection of successful applications in the literature. Finally, we provide guidance as to how to incorporate these novel methods into a genetic analysis. The overall goal of this paper is to aid researchers in developing an analysis plan that accounts for gene-gene and gene-environment in their own work. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Reif, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM reif.david@epa.gov OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL65962]; NIA NIH HHS [AG20135] NR 69 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 4 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1462-2416 J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS JI Pharmacogenomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1229 EP 1241 DI 10.2217/14622416.8.9.1229 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 225VQ UT WOS:000250546700019 PM 17924838 ER PT J AU Adjalle, KD Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Adjalle, K. D. Brar, S. K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Ultrafiltration recovery of entomotoxicity from supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacillus thuringiensis; entomotoxicity; enzymes; ultrafiltration; wastewater wastewater sludge ID RAW-MATERIAL; BIOPESTICIDES; PROTEIN AB The study investigates the recovery of active components (crystal proteins, spores and other factors of virulence) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides from centrifuged supernatant, by ultrafiltration. The centrifuged fermented broths comprised, starch industry wastewater, nonhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed wastewater sludge and semi-synthetic soya medium (as control). The ultrafiltration membrane of 5 kDa gave highest recovery of the active components and increased the entomotoxicity in the retentates by 7.9%, 10.5%, 9.0%, 5.7%, for semi-synthetic soya medium, starch industry wastewater, non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed wastewater sludge, respectively. However, the retention of suspended solids on the membrane (measured via mass balance) varied with the type of fermented broths and was very high for hydrolyzed sludge (soya-15%; starch industry wastewater-12%; non-hydrolyzed sludge-7% and hydrolyzed sludge-68%). This reflected the deposit on the membrane. In the given context, scale-up of the ultrafiltration process will give better efficacy for non-hydrolyzed sludge and starch industry wastewater in comparison to soya and hydrolyzed sludge medium. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRA, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRA, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1302 EP 1311 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.06.014 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 214CX UT WOS:000249714700007 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Jones, PA McCurdy, T Croghan, CW AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Jones, Paul A. McCurdy, Thomas Croghan, Carry W. TI A pilot study using an accelerometer to evaluate a caregiver's interpretation of an infant or toddler's activity level as recorded in a time activity diary SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE exposure; human activity; young children ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; CALIBRATION; PREDICTION; VALIDATION; AGE C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 T W Alexander Dr,Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tulve.nicolle@epa.gov RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD SEP PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 212RF UT WOS:000249613800012 PM 17941542 ER PT J AU Van Houtven, G Powers, J Pattanayak, SK AF Van Houtven, George Powers, John Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. TI Valuing water quality improvements in the United States using meta-analysis: Is the glass half-full or half-empty for national policy analysis? SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE water quality valuation; meta-analysis; meta-regression analysis; benefit transfer ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CLEAN WATER; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; DEMAND AB The literature estimating the economic value for water quality changes has grown considerably over the last 30 years, resulting in an expanded pool of information potentially available to support national and regional policy analysis. Using 131 willingness to pay estimates from 18 studies that use a similar definition of water quality, we performed a meta-regression analysis and found mixed results. We find that WTP varies in systematic and expected ways with respect to factors such as the size of the water quality changes, average household income, and use/nonuse characteristics of respondents. As a whole, we conclude that our metaregression results provide a reasonable basis for estimating expected WTP values for defined changes in water quality. However, despite a large number of existing economic valuation studies, relatively few could be meaningfully combined through meta-analysis due to heterogeneity in the commodities being valued in the original studies. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for future research, including suggestions regarding more standardized approaches for defining water quality and reporting information in valuation studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Van Houtven, G (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwalls Rd,POB 12194,Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gvh@rti.org NR 53 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 206 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2007.01.002 PG 23 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216QS UT WOS:000249894700004 ER PT J AU Fostel, JM Burgoon, L Zwickl, C Lord, P Corton, JC Bushel, PR Cunningham, M Fan, LJ Edwards, SW Hester, S Stevens, J Tong, WD Waters, M Yang, CH Termant, R AF Fostel, Jennifer M. Burgoon, Lyle Zwickl, Craig Lord, Peter Corton, J. Christopher Bushel, Pierre R. Cunningham, Michael Fan, Liju Edwards, Stephen W. Hester, Susan Stevens, James Tong, Weida Waters, Michael Yang, ChiHae Termant, Raymond TI Toward a checklist for exchange and interpretation of data from a toxicology study SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicogenomics; MIAME; data integration; database ID MICROARRAY DATA; ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY; HEPATOTOXICITY; MIAME; MICE; METABOLISM; LIVER; RATS AB Data from toxicology and toxicogenomics studies are valuable, and can be combined for meta-analysis using public data repositories such as Chemical Effects in Biological Systems Knowledgebase, ArrayExpress, and Gene Expression Omnibus. In order to fully utilize the data for secondary analysis, it is necessary to have a description of the study and good annotation of the accompanying data. This study annotation permits sophisticated cross-study comparison and analysis, and allows data from comparable subjects to be identified and fully understood. The Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment Standard was proposed to permit deposition and sharing of microarray data. We propose the first step toward an analogous standard for a toxicogenomics/toxicology study, by describing a checklist of information that best practices would suggest be included with the study data. When the information in this checklist is deposited together with the study data, the checklist information helps the public explore the study data in context of time, or identify data from similarly treated subjects, and also explore/identify potential sources of experimental variability. The proposed checklist summarizes useful information to include when sharing study data for publication, deposition into a database, or electronic exchange with collaborators. It is not a description of how to carry out an experiment, but a definition of how to describe an experiment. It is anticipated that once a toxicology checklist is accepted and put into use, then toxicology databases can be configured to require and output these fields, making it straightforward to annotate data for interpretation by others. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, LMIT ITSS Contract, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Johnson & Johnson PRD, Raritan, NJ 08869 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ontology Worshop LLC, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Integrated Life Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Leadscope, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Fostel, JM (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, 111 Alexander Drive, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fostel@niehs.nih.gov OI Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm090 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 205XK UT WOS:000249148300004 PM 17442663 ER EF