FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Burgess, RM Terletskaya, AV Milyukin, MV Povolotskii, M Demchenko, VY Bogoslavskaya, TA Topkin, YV Vorobyova, TV Petrov, AN Lyashenko, A Ho, KT AF Burgess, Robert M. Terletskaya, Anna V. Milyukin, Mykhailo V. Povolotskii, Mark Demchenko, Victor Y. Bogoslavskaya, Tatiyana A. Topkin, Yuri V. Vorobyova, Tatiyana V. Petrov, Alexei N. Lyashenko, Artem Ho, Kay T. TI Concentration and distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants and metals in the estuaries of Ukraine SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Estuaries; Sediments; Baseline hydrophobic organic contaminants; Baseline metals; Ukraine; Black Sea ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FORMER SOVIET-UNION; BLACK-SEA; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; TRACE-METAL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DNIEPER RIVER; ADRIATIC SEA AB In this study of Ukrainian estuaries, sediments and tissues from the Dnieper and Boh estuaries and Danube Delta on the mainland, Sevastopol and Balaklava Bays on the Crimean Peninsula, and coastal Black Sea along the Crimean Peninsula were collected in 2006. Contaminant analyses included several metals. the hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) polychlorinated biphenyls, several chlorinated pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When compared to estuarine sediments globally, the Ukrainian sediments were found to be moderately contaminated. However, several metals, especially mercury, were often shown to be elevated in the tissues of the Ukrainian organisms in comparison to organisms from other estuarine locations. Sediment quality guidelines indicate some of the estuarine sediments could be sufficiently contaminated to cause adverse toxicological effects. This investigation represents the first extensive study of HOC and metal baseline concentrations and distributions in Ukrainian estuaries and seeks to characterize exposures to aquatic organisms living in these systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burgess, Robert M.; Ho, Kay T.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Terletskaya, Anna V.; Milyukin, Mykhailo V.; Demchenko, Victor Y.; Bogoslavskaya, Tatiyana A.; Topkin, Yuri V.; Vorobyova, Tatiyana V.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Colloidal Chem & Chem Water, Kiev, Ukraine. [Povolotskii, Mark] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, Kiev, Ukraine. [Petrov, Alexei N.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Biol So Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine. [Lyashenko, Artem] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov RI Petrov, Alexei/F-7084-2016 OI Petrov, Alexei/0000-0002-0137-486X FU Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU); NHEERL-AED, Narragansett [AED-06-019] FX The following internal reviewers are thanked for their insightful comments: Joseph LiVolsi, Richard McKinney, Wayne Munns, Monique Perron andjonathan Serbst. Also, our colleagues at the Institute of Hydrobiology (Kyiv, Ukraine) and the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Sevastopol, Ukraine) are thanked for collecting the sediment and tissue samples. This research was funded by the United States Department of State and Environmental Protection Agency Former Bio-Chem Weapons Scientists Re-direct Program administered by the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU). The authors wish to thank Iryna Tomashevska (STCU) and Doug Steele (US EPA) for their administrative support of this research. This paper is dedicated to the late Bill Freeman (US EPA) for his tireless support of this research and the Re-Direct program; This is NHEERL-AED, Narragansett Contribution AED-06-019. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1103 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.013 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 485RS UT WOS:000269142000012 PM 19446854 ER PT J AU Shears, SB AF Shears, Stephen B. TI Diphosphoinositol Polyphosphates: Metabolic Messengers? SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE KINASE-2; CYCLIC ADENINE RIBONUCLEOTIDE; OVARIAN-CARCINOMA CELLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; TELOMERE LENGTH; IN-VIVO; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; RAT-LIVER AB The diphosphoinositol polyphosphates ("inositol pyrophosphates") are a specialized subgroup of the inositol phosphate signaling family. This review proposes that many of the current data concerning the metabolic turnover and biological effects of the diphosphoinositol polyphosphates are linked by a common theme: these polyphosphates act as metabolic messengers. This review will also discuss the latest proposals concerning possible molecular mechanisms of action of this intriguing class of molecules. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, DHHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shears@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 172 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 236 EP 252 DI 10.1124/mol.109.055897 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 472SV UT WOS:000268153400003 PM 19439500 ER PT J AU Dambacher, JM Jones, KK Larsen, DP AF Dambacher, Jeffrey M. Jones, Kim K. Larsen, David P. TI Landscape-Level Sampling for Status Review of Great Basin Redband Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SMALL STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; RESOURCES AB In response to a petition to list Great Basin redband trout (subspecies of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) as threatened or endangered, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a status review in 1999. To Support that review, we conducted a survey of the abundances of redband trout in each of six subbasins of the Great Basin that included the states of Oregon, California, and Nevada. We used a generalized random-tessellation stratified algorithm to select a target sample size of 35 sites/subbasin. Out of a target number of 210 sites, 185 were visited by three-person crews that Surveyed stream habitat and estimated the abundance of fish populations in sample reaches with lengths that were nearly 20 times the respective channel widths. A minimal sampling intensity was based oil previously encountered levels of between-site variance in estimates of redband trout abundance. The total population estimate of age-1 and older (age-1+) redband trout in the Great Basin was 971,313 fish, with a 95% confidence interval equaling +/-15% of the mean estimate; 95% confidence limits ranged from 15% to 31% for population estimates in individual subbasins. Age-1+ fish abundance in terms of numerical density showed no significant differences between any subbasins. However, there were significant differences in terms of biomass: Catlow Valley subbasin biomass was significantly higher than the Great Basin mean, whereas Goose Lake subbasin biomass was significantly lower than the basinwide mean. These comparisons were supported by like differences in average weight. Analysis of stream habitat characteristics and fish abundance revealed no relationships that were generally consistent throughout the Great Basin, although spatial patterns were evident within some stream systems where sampling intensity was sufficiently high. C1 [Dambacher, Jeffrey M.; Jones, Kim K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Dambacher, JM (reprint author), CSIRO Math & Informat Sci, Gen POB 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM jeffrey.dambacher@csiro.au RI Dambacher, Jeffrey/A-2200-2008 FU USGS Species at Risk Program; Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; U.S. Bureau of Land Management Lakeview District; USFWS Oregon State Office FX We thank field crews from ODFW and the U.S. Forest Service for survey and sampling efforts, and we are grateful to Tony Olsen for guidance in the use of GRTS protocol and for selecting locations of sample sites. This study was made possible by funding from the USGS Species at Risk Program, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, U.S. Bureau of Land Management Lakeview District, and USFWS Oregon State Office. We thank the Harney County Court and the Lake County Board of Commissioners for support in gaining access to private lands for field sampling. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Jason Dunham for comments that improved the clarity of this work. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1105 DI 10.1577/M08-077.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UR UT WOS:000272025000024 ER PT J AU Elam, MB Cowan, GS Rooney, RJ Hiler, ML Yellaturu, CR Deng, X Howell, GE Park, EA Gerling, IC Patel, D Corton, JC Cagen, LM Wilcox, HG Gandhi, M Bahr, MH Allan, MC Wodi, LA Cook, GA Hughes, TA Raghow, R AF Elam, Marshall B. Cowan, George S., Jr. Rooney, Robert J. Hiler, M. Lloyd Yellaturu, Chandrahasa R. Deng, Xiong Howell, George E. Park, Edwards A. Gerling, Ivan C. Patel, Divyan Corton, J. Christopher Cagen, Lauren M. Wilcox, Henry G. Gandhi, Malay Bahr, Micheal H. Allan, Micheal C. Wodi, Linus A. Cook, George A. Hughes, Thomas A. Raghow, Rajendra TI Hepatic Gene Expression in Morbidly Obese Women: Implications for Disease Susceptibility SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WEIGHT-LOSS; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; GASTRIC BYPASS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES; LIVER-DISEASE; UP-REGULATION; RISK AB The objective of this study was to determine the molecular bases of disordered hepatic function and disease susceptibility in obesity. We compared global gene expression in liver biopsies from morbidly obese (MO) women undergoing gastric bypass (GBP) surgery with that of women undergoing ventral hernia repair who had experienced massive weight loss (MWL) following prior GBP. Metabolic and hormonal profiles were examined in MO vs. MWL groups. Additionally, we analyzed individual profiles of hepatic gene expression in liver biopsy specimens obtained from MO and MWL subjects. All patients underwent preoperative metabolic profiling. RNAs were extracted from wedge biopsies of livers from MO and MWL subjects, and analysis of mRNA expression was carried out using Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray gene chips. Genes exhibiting greater than twofold differential expression between MO and MWL subjects were organized according to gene ontology and hierarchical clustering, and expression of key genes exhibiting differential regulation was quantified by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We discovered 154 genes to be differentially expressed in livers of MWL and MO subjects. A total of 28 candidate disease susceptibility genes were identified that encoded proteins regulating lipid and energy homeostasis (PLIN, ENO3, ELOVL2, APOF, LEPR, IGFBP1, DDIT4), signal transduction (MAP2K6, SOCS-2), postinflammatory tissue repair (HLA-DQB1, SPP1, P4HA1, LUM), bile acid transport (SULT2A, ABCB11), and metabolism of xenobiotics (GSTT2, CYP1A1). Using gene expression profiling, we have identified novel candidate disease susceptibility genes whose expression is altered in livers of MO subjects. The significance of altered expression of these genes to obesity-related disease is discussed. C1 [Elam, Marshall B.; Gerling, Ivan C.; Raghow, Rajendra] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Memphis, TN USA. [Elam, Marshall B.; Gerling, Ivan C.; Raghow, Rajendra] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Memphis, TN USA. [Elam, Marshall B.; Yellaturu, Chandrahasa R.; Deng, Xiong; Howell, George E.; Park, Edwards A.; Cagen, Lauren M.; Wilcox, Henry G.; Cook, George A.; Raghow, Rajendra] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Cowan, George S., Jr.; Hiler, M. Lloyd; Bahr, Micheal H.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Rooney, Robert J.; Patel, Divyan] Genome Explorat Inc, Memphis, TN USA. [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Gandhi, Malay; Allan, Micheal C.; Wodi, Linus A.; Hughes, Thomas A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Elam, MB (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Memphis, TN USA. EM melam@utmem.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR0021]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK75504-01, R01 DK075504] NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD AUG PY 2009 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1563 EP 1573 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.49 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475QD UT WOS:000268374200015 PM 19265796 ER PT J AU Hancock, DB Romieu, I Shi, M Sienra-Monge, JJ Wu, H Chiu, GY Li, HL del Rio-Navarro, BE Willis-Owens, SAG Weiss, ST Raby, BA Gao, H Eng, C Chapeia, R Burchard, EG Tang, H Sullivan, PF London, SJ AF Hancock, Dana B. Romieu, Isabelle Shi, Min Sienra-Monge, Juan-Jose Wu, Hao Chiu, Grace Y. Li, Huiling Estela del Rio-Navarro, Blanca Willis-Owens, Saffron A. G. Weiss, Scott T. Raby, Benjamin A. Gao, Hong Eng, Celeste Chapeia, Rocio Burchard, Esteban G. Tang, Hua Sullivan, Patrick F. London, Stephanie J. TI Genome-Wide Association Study Implicates Chromosome 9q21.31 as a Susceptibility Locus for Asthma in Mexican Children SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; PUERTO-RICAN; ADMIXTURE; GENES; RUNX3; AMERICAN; HOMOLOGS; PROTEINS AB Many candidate genes have been studied for asthma, but replication has varied. Novel candidate genes have been identified for various complex diseases using genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We conducted a GWAS in 492 Mexican children with asthma, predominantly atopic by skin prick test, and their parents using the Illumina HumanHap 550 K BeadChip to identify novel genetic variation for childhood asthma. The 520,767 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passing quality control were tested for association with childhood asthma using log-linear regression with a log-additive risk model. Eleven of the most significantly associated GWAS SNPs were tested for replication in an independent study of 177 Mexican case-parent trios with childhood-onset asthma and atopy using log-linear analysis. The chromosome 9q21.31 SNP rs2378383 (p = 7.10 x 10(-6) in the GWAS), located upstream of transducin-like enhancer of split 4 (TLE4), gave a p-value of 0.03 and the same direction and magnitude of association in the replication study (combined p = 6.79 x 10(-7)). Ancestry analysis on chromosome 9q supported an inverse association between the rs2378383 minor allele (G) and childhood asthma. This work identifies chromosome 9q21.31 as a novel susceptibility locus for childhood asthma in Mexicans. Further, analysis of genome-wide expression data in 51 human tissues from the Novartis Research Foundation showed that median GWAS significance levels for SNPs in genes expressed in the lung differed most significantly from genes not expressed in the lung when compared to 50 other tissues, supporting the biological plausibility of our overall GWAS findings and the multigenic etiology of childhood asthma. C1 [Hancock, Dana B.; London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Romieu, Isabelle] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Shi, Min] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sienra-Monge, Juan-Jose; Estela del Rio-Navarro, Blanca] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Wu, Hao; Li, Huiling; London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chiu, Grace Y.] Westat Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Willis-Owens, Saffron A. G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England. [Weiss, Scott T.; Raby, Benjamin A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Weiss, Scott T.; Raby, Benjamin A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gao, Hong; Tang, Hua] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Eng, Celeste; Burchard, Esteban G.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chapeia, Rocio] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hancock, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov RI Hancock, Dana/D-8577-2012; OI Hancock, Dana/0000-0003-2240-3604; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [Z01ES049019]; National Council of Science and Technology [26206-M]; National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control; National Institute of General Medical Services [GM073059]; National Institutes of Health [HL078885, HL088133, ES015794] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (Z01ES049019). Subject enrollment was supported in part by the National Council of Science and Technology (grant 26206-M), Mexico. Dr. Romieu was supported in part by the National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control. Dr. Tang was supported in part by the National Institute of General Medical Services grant GM073059. Dr. Burchard received support from the National Institutes of Health (HL078885, HL088133, ES015794), Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI), RWJ Amos Medical Faculty Development Award, and the Sandler Family Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 5 IS 8 AR e1000623 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000623 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 516HS UT WOS:000271533500037 PM 19714205 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC Selgrade, MK AF Bowman, Christal C. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Utility of rodent models for evaluating protein allergenicity SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Current and Future Methods for Evaluating the Allergenic Potential of Proteins CY OCT 23-25, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Health & Environ Sci Inst, Protein Allergenic Tech Committ DE Allergenicity; Biotechnology; Food allergy; Oral tolerance; Digestibility; Genetically modified food; Animal model ID ORAL SENSITIZATION MODEL; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; MURINE MODEL; BRAZIL NUT; ACTIVATION PATTERNS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PEANUT ALLERGENS; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN AB Animal models are needed to assess novel proteins produced through biotechnology for potential dietary allergenicity. The exact characteristics that give certain foods allergenic potential are unclear, but must include both the potential to sensitize (induce IgE) as well as the capacity to avoid induction of oral tolerance (specific inhibition of IgE production). EPA has developed two complementary mouse models; one which distinguishes allergenic from non-allergenic food extracts using oral sensitization with adjuvant (cholera toxin) and another which further distinguishes highly potent allergens following oral administration without adjuvant based on the development (or not) of tolerance. For the foods tested thus far (roasted or raw peanut, Brazil nut, egg white, turkey, and spinach), the ability to sensitize and/or tolerize in these models are consistent with observed allergenicity as well as persistence and severity among allergens. Additionally, in vitro pepsin-resistance analysis of these food extracts suggests an association between sensitization capacity and proteins which are stable to gastric digestion. A subcutaneous exposure model did not distinguish allergenic from non-allergenic foods and does not appear useful for assessing potential allergenicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bowman, Christal C.; Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bowman, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowman.christal@epa.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU 1 BP S58 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.10.002 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 476TZ UT WOS:000268470100012 PM 18957311 ER PT J AU Ladics, GS Selgrade, MK AF Ladics, Gregory S. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Identifying food proteins with allergenic potential: Evolution of approaches to safety assessment and research to provide additional tools SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Current and Future Methods for Evaluating the Allergenic Potential of Proteins CY OCT 23-25, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Health & Environ Sci Inst, Protein Allergenic Tech Committ DE Protein allergenicity; Food safety assessment approaches; Transgenic proteins; Plant biotechnology; Research approaches ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FOODS; MODIFIED CROPS; ANIMAL-MODELS; DIGESTIBILITY; PREDICTION; REACTIVITY; SEQUENCE; ISSUES AB A safety assessment process exists for genetically engineered crops that includes the evaluation of the expressed protein for allergenic potential. The objectives of this evaluation are twofold: (1) to protect allergic consumers from exposure to known allergenic or cross-reactive proteins, and (2) protect the general population from risks associated with the introduction of genes encoding proteins that are likely to become food allergens. The first systematic approach to address these concerns was formulated by Metcalfe et al. [Metcalfe, D.D., Astwood, J.D., Townsend, R., Sampson, H.A., Taylor, S.L, and Fuchs, R-L. 1996. Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods from genetically engineered crop plants. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 36(5), 165-186.] and subsequently Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) [FAO/WHO, 2001. Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified foods. Report of a joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Allergenicity of Foods Derived from Biotechnology. January 22-25, 2001. Rome, Italy]. More recently, Codex [Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2003. Alinorm 03/34: joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Twenty-Fifth Session, Rome, Italy, 30 June-5 July, 2003. Appendix III, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants, and Appendix IV, Annex on the assessment of possible allergenicity. pp. 47-60], noting that no single factor is recognized as an identifier for protein allergenicity, suggested a weight of evidence approach be conducted that takes into account a variety of factors and approaches for an overall assessment of allergenic potential. These various recommendations are based on what is known about allergens, including the history of exposure and safety of the gene(s) source; amino acid sequence identity to human allergens; stability to pepsin digestion in vitro; protein abundance in the crop and processing effects; and when appropriate, specific IgE binding studies or skin-prick testing. Similarities and differences between these various suggested recommendations, as well as data gaps, are discussed. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Office of Research and Development (ORD) has initiated a targeted research effort to address data gaps and improve the various recommended methods/endpoints for assessing the allergenic risks associated with plant incorporated pesticides (PIPs) through both intramural and extramural (grant supported) research. The areas of primary focus for EPA include: (1) development and evaluation of animal models; (2) targeted or specific serological assays; and (3) structure-activity relationships. Details on the current as well as proposed EPA funded research are discussed. More recently US EPA has partnered with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health to support research in areas of mutual interest with respect to food allergy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ladics, Gregory S.] DuPont Co Inc, DuPont Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ladics, GS (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, DuPont Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM gregory.s.ladics@usa.dupont.com NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP S2 EP S6 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.10.010 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 476TZ UT WOS:000268470100002 PM 19028539 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Smith, LA Johnson, MM Neas, LM Stallings, CA AF Mukerjee, Shaibal Smith, Luther A. Johnson, Mary M. Neas, Lucas M. Stallings, Casson A. TI Spatial analysis and land use regression of VOCs and NO2 from school-based urban air monitoring in Detroit/Dearborn, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; GIS; Spatial analysis; Land use regression (LUR); Urban air quality; Traffic ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; AMBIENT AIR; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; DETROIT; HEALTH; VARIABILITY AB Passive ambient air sampling for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted at 25 school and two compliance sites in Detroit and Dearborn. Michigan, USA during the summer of 2005. Geographic Information System (GIS) data were calculated at each of 116 schools. The 25 selected schools were monitored to assess and model intra-urban gradients of air pollutants to evaluate impact of traffic and urban emissions on pollutant levels. Schools were chosen to be statistically representative of urban land use variables such as distance to major roadways, traffic intensity around the schools, distance to nearest point sources, population density. and distance to nearest border crossing. Two approaches were used to investigate spatial variability. First. Kruskal-Wallis analyses and pairwise comparisons on data from the schools examined coarse spatial differences based on city section and distance from heavily trafficked roads. Secondly, spatial variation on a finer scale and as a response to multiple factors was evaluated through land use regression (LUR) models via multiple linear regression. For weeklong exposures, VOCs did not exhibit spatial variability by city section or distance from major roads; NO2 was significantly elevated in a section dominated by traffic and industrial influence versus a residential section. Somewhat in contrast to coarse spatial,analyses, LUR results revealed spatial gradients in NO2 and selected VOCs across the area. The process used to select spatially representative sites for air sampling and the results of coarse and fine spatial variability of air pollutants provide insights that may guide future air quality studies in assessing intra-urban gradients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther A.; Stallings, Casson A.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Johnson, Mary M.; Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX We thank Hunter Daughtrey, Karen Oliver, Herb Jacumin, Laura Liao, Chris Fortune, Mike Wheeler, and Dennis Williams, all from Alion Science and Technology, Felicia Venable and Mathew Sam of the Detroit Public Schools, Don Ball of Dearborn Public Schools, and principals and staff. We also thank Mary Ann Heindorf, Ann Chevalier, Deborah Sherrod, Amy Robinson, and Craig Fitzner for access to MDEQ sites and data and Ron Williams and Alan Vette of EPA for manuscript review. Finally, we thank Ann Williams, Gina Andrews, Paul Killough of EPA, and John Archer of Eastern Research Group for assistance. The US. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion. The paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 16 BP 4642 EP 4651 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468SA UT WOS:000267839200012 PM 19467697 ER PT J AU Keenan, C Elmore, S Francke-Carroll, S Kerlin, R Peddada, S Pletcher, J Rinke, M Schmidt, SP Taylor, I Wolf, DC AF Keenan, Charlotte Elmore, Susan Francke-Carroll, Sabine Kerlin, Roy Peddada, Shyamal Pletcher, John Rinke, Matthias Schmidt, Stephen Peter Taylor, Ian Wolf, Douglas C. TI Potential for a Global Historical Control Database for Proliferative Rodent Lesions SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keenan, Charlotte] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. [Elmore, Susan] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Francke-Carroll, Sabine] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pletcher, John] Charles River, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Rinke, Matthias] Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany. [Kerlin, Roy; Schmidt, Stephen Peter] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Taylor, Ian] Huntingdon Life Sci, Eye IP23 7PX, Suffolk, England. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keenan, C (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, 709 Swedeland Rd,UE0360, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM charlotte.m.keenan@gsk.com RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 677 EP 678 DI 10.1177/0192623309336155 PG 2 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 476WF UT WOS:000268476400012 PM 19638441 ER PT J AU Keenan, C Elmore, S Francke-Carroll, S Kemp, R Kerlin, R Peddada, S Pletcher, J Rinke, M Schmidt, SP Taylor, I Wolf, DC AF Keenan, Charlotte Elmore, Susan Francke-Carroll, Sabine Kemp, Ramon Kerlin, Roy Peddada, Shyamal Pletcher, John Rinke, Matthias Schmidt, Stephen Peter Taylor, Ian Wolf, Douglas C. TI Best Practices for Use of Historical Control Data of Proliferative Rodent Lesions SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE historical control data; rodent tumors; carcinogenicity studies; best practices ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DUAL CONTROL-GROUPS; WISTAR RATS; BODY-WEIGHT; SPONTANEOUS TUMORS; B6C3F1 MICE; JOINT PUBLICATION; REVISED GUIDES; NACAD GROUPS C1 [Keenan, Charlotte] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. [Elmore, Susan] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Francke-Carroll, Sabine] US FDA, CFSAN, College Pk, MD USA. [Kemp, Ramon] Merck Res Labs, Riom, France. [Kerlin, Roy; Schmidt, Stephen Peter] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Pletcher, John] Charles River, Frederick, MD USA. [Rinke, Matthias] Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keenan, C (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, 79 Swedeland Rd,UE0360, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM charlotte.m.keenan@gsk.com RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 114 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.1177/0192623309336154 PG 15 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 476WF UT WOS:000268476400013 PM 19454599 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Barlow, NJ Howdeshell, KL Ostby, JS Furr, JR Gray, CL AF Gray, Leon Earl, Jr. Barlow, Norman J. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Ostby, Joseph S. Furr, Johnathan R. Gray, Clark L. TI Transgenerational Effects of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in the Male CRL:CD(SD) Rat: Added Value of Assessing Multiple Offspring per Litter SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; sexual differentiation; phthalate syndrome; dose response ID TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE AB In the rat, some phthalates alter sexual differentiation at relatively low dosage levels by altering fetal Leydig cell development and hormone synthesis, thereby inducing abnormalities of the testis, gubernacular ligaments, epididymis, and other androgen-dependent tissues. In order to define the dose-response relationship between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the Phthalate Syndrome of reproductive alterations in F1 male rats, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat dams were dosed by gavage from gestational day 8 to day 17 of lactation with 0, 11, 33, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day DEHP (71-93 males per dose from 12 to 14 litters per dose). Some of the male offspring continued to be exposed to DEHP via gavage from 18 days of age to necropsy at 63-65 days of age (PUB cohort; 16-20/dose). Remaining males were not exposed after postnatal day 17 (in utero-lactational [IUL] cohort) and were necropsied after reaching full maturity. Anogenital distance, sperm counts and reproductive organ weights were reduced in F1 males in the 300 mg/kg/day group and they displayed retained nipples. In the IUL cohort, seminal vesicle weight also was reduced at 100 mg/kg/day. In contrast, serum testosterone and estradiol levels were unaffected in either the PUB or IUL cohorts at necropsy. A significant percentage of F1 males displayed one or more Phthalate Syndrome lesions at 11 mg/kg/day DEHP and above. We were able to detect effects in the lower dose groups only because we examined all the males in each litter rather than only one male per litter. Power calculations demonstrate how using multiple males versus one male/litter enhances the detection of the effects of DEHP. The results at 11 mg/kg/day confirm those reported from a National Toxicology Program multigenerational study which reported no observed adverse effect levels-lowest observed adverse effect levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day DEHP, respectively, via the diet. C1 [Gray, Leon Earl, Jr.; Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Ostby, Joseph S.; Furr, Johnathan R.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, RTD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barlow, Norman J.] Sanofi Aventis US Inc, Drug Safety Evaluat, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. [Gray, Clark L.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, TAD, NHEERL,ORD,Reprod Toxicol Facil, MD 72,2525 E NC 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation FX National Science Foundation to C. L. G. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 110 IS 2 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp109 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 469IM UT WOS:000267889700015 PM 19482887 ER PT J AU Goetz, AK Dix, DJ AF Goetz, Amber K. Dix, David J. TI Mode of Action for Reproductive and Hepatic Toxicity Inferred from a Genomic Study of Triazole Antifungals SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; toxicogenomics; steroid metabolism ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; RAT-LIVER; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIVE/ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION AB The mode of action for the reproductive toxicity of some triazole antifungals has been characterized as an increase in serum testosterone and hepatic response, and reduced insemination and fertility indices. In order to refine our mechanistic understanding of these potential modes of action, gene expression profiling was conducted on liver and testis from male Wistar Han IGS rats exposed to myclobutanil (500, 2000 ppm), propiconazole (500, 2500 ppm), or triadimefon (500, 1800 ppm) from gestation day six to postnatal day 92. Gene expression profiles indicated that all three triazoles significantly perturbed the fatty acid, steroid, and xenobiotic metabolism pathways in the male rat liver. In addition, triadimefon modulated expression of genes in the liver from the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Although expression of individual genes were affected, there were no common pathways modulated by all three triazoles in the testis. The pathways identified in the liver included numerous genes involved in phase I-III metabolism (Aldh1a1, Cyp1a1, Cyp2b2, Cyp3a1, Cyp3a2, Slco1a4, Udpgtr2), fatty acid metabolism (Cyp4a10, Pcx, Ppap2b), and steroid metabolism (Ugt1a1, Ugt2a1) for which expression was altered by the triazoles. These differentially expressed genes form part of a network involving lipid, sterol, and steroid homeostatic pathways regulated by the constitutive androstane (CAR), pregnane X (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha, and other nuclear receptors in liver. These relatively high dose and long-term exposures to triazole antifungals appeared to perturb fatty acid and steroid metabolism in the male rat liver predominantly through the CAR and PXR signaling pathways. These toxicogenomic effects describe a plausible series of key events contributing to the disruption in steroid homeostasis and reproductive toxicity of select triazole antifungals. C1 [Goetz, Amber K.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goetz, Amber K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU EPA/North Carolina State University Cooperative Training Agreement [CT826512010] FX EPA/North Carolina State University Cooperative Training Agreement (#CT826512010) supported A.K.G. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 110 IS 2 BP 449 EP 462 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp098 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 469IM UT WOS:000267889700018 PM 19423681 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Charpentier, MA AF McKinney, Richard A. Charpentier, Michael A. TI Extent, properties, and landscape setting of geographically isolated wetlands in urban southern New England watersheds SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; Geographically isolated wetlands; Landscape setting; Urbanization; Watershed ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; ADJACENT LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SPECIES RICHNESS; COASTAL-PLAIN; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; FRAGMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES AB We assessed the extent and characteristics of geographically isolated wetlands (i.e., wetlands completely surrounded by upland) in a series of watersheds in the urban northeast US. We applied a previously developed index of urbanization to a sample of 10 watersheds selected at random from a set of 30 watersheds whose boundaries lay within the borders of Rhode Island, USA. The index of urbanization in our sample watersheds ranged over more than an order of magnitude and increased with increasing amount of urban land use in the watersheds (r (2) = 0.51, F = 8.22, P = 0.02). The density of isolated wetlands in the watersheds averaged 1.93 +/- A 0.21 wetlands km(-2) and comprised 38.2 +/- A 1.77% of all wetlands. Isolated wetlands were smaller than those connected to other waters (non-isolated), and accounted for 6.01-16.5% of the total wetland area in the watersheds. The area of isolated wetlands as a percent of all wetland area significantly increased with increasing watershed urbanization (r (2) = 0.62, F = 12.9, P = 0.007). Isolated wetlands were predominantly deciduous forested wetlands, and urban land cover in the 50 m buffer surrounding isolated wetlands was significantly higher than in the 50 m surrounding non-isolated wetlands. The proportion of urban land cover was greater in a 150 than a 50 m buffer surrounding the wetlands. Our results suggest that an increase in the index of urbanization of 50 will result in 7% of the watershed's wetlands being lost from federal protection. These findings indicate that the process of urbanization, along with accompanying habitat fragmentation, may result in an increase in the vulnerability of wetlands to loss and degradation and therefore has implications for the management and conservation of geographically isolated wetlands. C1 [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Charpentier, Michael A.] Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Erica Sachs for her efforts to assess the error in remote sensing data, and Frank Golet for providing information and insights into state wetlands regulations. We also thank Dennis Skidds, Jeff Hollister, and Anne Kuhn for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-07-030. The research described in this article has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency; however, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-07-030. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 331 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s11273-008-9110-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 462PR UT WOS:000267368600005 ER PT J AU Wilczak, JM Djalalova, I McKeen, S Bianco, L Bao, JW Grell, G Peckham, S Mathur, R McQueen, J Lee, P AF Wilczak, James M. Djalalova, Irina McKeen, Stuart Bianco, Laura Bao, Jian-Wen Grell, Georg Peckham, Steven Mathur, Rohit McQueen, Jeff Lee, Pius TI Analysis of regional meteorology and surface ozone during the TexAQS II field program and an evaluation of the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem air quality models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; HOUSTON; SYSTEM AB This study examines meteorological conditions associated with regional surface ozone using data collected during the summer Second Texas Air Quality Experiment, and the ability of the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model-Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (NMM-CMAQ) and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) models to simulate the observed meteorology and surface ozone. The surface ozone data consist of 118 sites that are part of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNow) network, while the meteorological data came from a network of eleven 915-MHz wind profilers with RASS temperatures and supporting surface meteorological stations. High and low 8-h maximum ozone occurrences most frequently develop as regional events, with similar ozone concentration patterns across all of east Texas, allowing for a separate analysis of high- and low-ozone day conditions. The ability of the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem models to simulate the meteorologically distinct high- and low-ozone events is analyzed. Histograms of surface ozone show that both the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem models underpredict the full range found in the observations. For low ozone values, the analysis indicates that the models have a positive bias because of too large of an ozone inflow boundary condition value over the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, the models have a negative bias for very high ozone values that occur mostly in Houston and Dallas, which suggests that the urban emissions and/or chemistry is misrepresented in the models. C1 [Wilczak, James M.; Djalalova, Irina; McKeen, Stuart; Bianco, Laura; Bao, Jian-Wen; Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Djalalova, Irina; McKeen, Stuart; Bianco, Laura; Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McQueen, Jeff; Lee, Pius] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilczak, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov RI Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We wish to thank Bryan Lambeth and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Clinton MacDonald and Charley Knoderer from Sonoma Technology Inc., Allen White from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division, and Wayne Angevine from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Science Division for generously providing the wind profiler data used in this analysis. We also thank John Nielsen-Gammon and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F14 DI 10.1029/2008JD011675 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479AT UT WOS:000268631800001 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Ghio, AJ AF Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Controlled human exposures to ambient pollutant particles in susceptible populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; DIESEL-EXHAUST INHALATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHILDREN; LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; FINE PARTICLES AB Epidemiologic studies have established an association between exposures to air pollution particles and human mortality and morbidity at concentrations of particles currently found in major metropolitan areas. The adverse effects of pollution particles are most prominent in susceptible subjects, including the elderly and patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. Controlled human exposure studies have been used to confirm the causal relationship between pollution particle exposure and adverse health effects. Earlier studies enrolled mostly young healthy subjects and have largely confirmed the capability of particles to cause adverse health effects shown in epidemiological studies. In the last few years, more studies involving susceptible populations have been published. These recent studies in susceptible populations, however, have shown that the adverse responses to particles appear diminished in these susceptible subjects compared to those in healthy subjects. The present paper reviewed and compared control human exposure studies to particles and sought to explain the "unexpected" response to particle exposure in these susceptible populations and make recommendations for future studies. We found that the causes for the discrepant results are likely multifactorial. Factors such as medications, the disease itself, genetic susceptibility, subject selection bias that is intrinsic to many controlled exposure studies and nonspecificity of study endpoints may explain part of the results. Future controlled exposure studies should select endpoints that are more closely related to the pathogenesis of the disease and reflect the severity of particle-induced health effects in the specific populations under investigation. Future studies should also attempt to control for medications and genetic susceptibility. Using a different study design, such as exposing subjects to filtered air and ambient levels of particles, and assessing the improvement in biological endpoints during filtered air exposure, may allow the inclusion of higher risk patients who are likely the main contributors to the increased particle-induced health effects in epidemiological studies. C1 [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM huang002@mc.duke.edu; ghio.andy@epamail.epa.gov NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD JUL 25 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-8-33 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 494AK UT WOS:000269781300001 PM 19630984 ER PT J AU Niitsuma, H Watson, CN AF Niitsuma, Hiromi Watson, Charles N., Jr. TI Bilyjomyia, a new genus of the tribe Macropelopiini from the Holarctic (Diptera: Chironomidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Chironomidae; Tanypodinae; Macropelopiini; Bilyjomyia; new genus; new species ID TANYPODINAE DIPTERA AB The genus Bilyjomyia is erected for Apsectrotanypus algens (Coquillett, 1902) from western North America and B. fontana n. sp. from Japan. A generic diagnosis and a description are given for all life stages. Bilyjomyia algens is redescribed. All life stages of Bilyjomyia fontana are described and figured. The new genus shows affinities to Macropelopia Thienemann and Bethbilbeckia Fittkau et Murray in the immature stages. Bilyjomyia can be distinguished from all other known Macropelopiini by the following features: the reduced setation of T.IX and the restriction of these setae to the tergal posterior edge in the adult male; the aeropyles of the thoracic horn in the pupa; the labral sclerite and the position and form of the ventral cephalic setae in the larva. The distribution of Bilyjomyia indicates dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge, a pattern known in some other genera of Chironomidae and other orders of insects. C1 [Watson, Charles N., Jr.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Niitsuma, Hiromi] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Biol, Suruga Ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Watson, CN (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM edhniit@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp; procladius@aol.com NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 23 PY 2009 IS 2166 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 474XO UT WOS:000268318400005 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR AF Weinberg, Clarice R. TI HPV Screening for Cervical Cancer in Rural India SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES040006-11] NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 16 PY 2009 VL 361 IS 3 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 470LL UT WOS:000267976100020 PM 19610159 ER PT J AU Heaney, CD Sams, E Wing, S Marshall, S Brenner, K Dufour, AP Wade, TJ AF Heaney, Christopher D. Sams, Elizabeth Wing, Steve Marshall, Steve Brenner, Kristen Dufour, Alfred P. Wade, Timothy J. TI Contact With Beach Sand Among Beachgoers and Risk of Illness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bathing beaches; diarrhea; disease transmission; infectious; environmental pollution; fomites; fresh water; oceans and seas; sewage ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FECAL INDICATOR ORGANISMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; NEARSHORE WATER; SOUTH FLORIDA; BACTERIA; MARINE; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT AB Recent studies of beach sand fecal contamination have triggered interest among scientists and in the media. Although evidence shows that beach sand can harbor high concentrations of fecal indicator organisms, as well as fecal pathogens, illness risk associated with beach sand contact is not well understood. Beach visitors at 7 US beaches were enrolled in the National Epidemiological and Environmental Assessment of Recreational Water (NEEAR) Study during 2003-2005 and 2007 and asked about sand contact on the day of their visit to the beach (digging in the sand, body buried in the sand). Then, 10-12 days after their visit, participants were telephoned to answer questions about any health symptoms experienced since the visit. The authors completed 27,365 interviews. Digging in the sand was positively associated with gastrointestinal illness (adjusted incidence proportion ratio (aIPR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.25) and diarrhea (aIPR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.36). The association was stronger between those buried in the sand and gastrointestinal illness (aIPR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43) and diarrhea (aIPR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.52). Nonenteric illnesses did not show a consistent association with sand contact activities. Sand contact activities were associated with enteric illness at beach sites. Variation in beach-specific results suggests that site-specific factors may be important in the risk of illness following sand exposure. C1 [Heaney, Christopher D.; Wing, Steve; Marshall, Steve] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Heaney, Christopher D.; Sams, Elizabeth; Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brenner, Kristen; Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Heaney, CD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cheaney@email.unc.edu OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [CR83323601]; University of North Carolina FX Supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency cooperative training agreement in environmental sciences research (CR83323601) and the University of North Carolina Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (C. D. H.). NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp152 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469HU UT WOS:000267887900005 PM 19541858 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Kan, E Wingo, C AF Huling, Scott G. Kan, Eunsung Wingo, Caleb TI Fenton-driven regeneration of MTBE-spent granular activated carbon-Effects of particle size and iron amendment procedures SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon; Hydrogen peroxide; Iron; Methyl-tert-butyl ether; Oxidation ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; REAGENT; WATER; OXIDE; GAC AB Fenton-driven regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) can be used to regenerate organic contaminant-spent GAC. In this study, the effects of GAC particle size (>2 mm to <035 mm) and acid pre-treatment of GAC on Fenton-driven oxidation of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-spent GAC were evaluated. Iron (Fe) was amended to the GAC using two methods: (1) untreated-where GAC was amended with a concentrated solution of ferrous sulfate and (2) acid pre-treatment-where GAC was amended with acid followed by sequential applications of a dilute ferrous sulfate solution. Subsequently, MTBE was amended to the GAC, followed by oxidative treatments with H(2)O(2). H(2)O(2) reaction and MTBE oxidation were inversely correlated with GAC particle size and were attributed to shorter intraparticle diffusion transport distances for both H(2)O(2) and MTBE. Image analysis of the GAC cross-sections (i.e., prepared thin sections) revealed that the Fe amended to the GAC extended to the center of the GAC particles. Fe accumulated at higher levels on the periphery of the untreated GAC but Fe dispersal was more uniform in the acid pre-treated GAC. In the acid pre-treated GAC, conditions for MTBE oxidation were favorable and greater levels of MTBE oxidation were measured for all particle size fractions tested. Modeling and critical analysis of H(2)O(2) diffusive transport and reaction indicated limited H(2)O(2) penetration into large GAC particles which contributed to a decline in MTBE removal. Residual MTBE remaining on the GAC limited the quantity of MTBE that could be re-adsorbed, but no reduction in MTBE sorption capacity resulted from oxidative treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huling, Scott G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kan, Eunsung] United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. [Wingo, Caleb] E Cent Univ, Coll Hlth & Sci, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov; ekan@uaeu.ac.ae; caljwin@email.ecok.edu NR 25 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.02.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 460QW UT WOS:000267203200046 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Needham, L Pavuk, M Michalek, J Colacino, J Ryan, J Papke, O Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, Arnold Needham, Larry Pavuk, Marian Michalek, Joel Colacino, Justin Ryan, Jake Paepke, Olaf Birnbaum, Linda TI Agent Orange Exposure, Vietnam War Veterans, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Letter ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; AIR-FORCE VETERANS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CHEMICALS; TISSUE C1 [Schecter, Arnold] Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Needham, Larry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pavuk, Marian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Michalek, Joel] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Colacino, Justin] Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Ryan, Jake] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Paepke, Olaf] Eurofins, Hamburg, Germany. [Birnbaum, Linda] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 14 BP 3369 EP 3371 DI 10.1002/cncr.24365 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 468JM UT WOS:000267813700025 PM 19415730 ER PT J AU Chung, HM Deng, WM Cooper, E AF Chung, Hui-Min Deng, Wu-Min Cooper, Emilie TI Aph-1 is required to regulate Psn-mediated gamma-secretase activity and cell survival in Drosophila wing development SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUL 23-27, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Dev Biol C1 [Chung, Hui-Min; Cooper, Emilie] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Deng, Wu-Min] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cooper, Emilie] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 331 IS 2 MA 280 BP 468 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.306 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 467XW UT WOS:000267777900302 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Kellock, KA Overmyer, JP AF Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. Kellock, Kristen A. Overmyer, Jay P. TI Mechanistic Approach to Understanding the Toxicity of the Azole Fungicide Triadimefon to a Nontarget Aquatic Insect and Implications for Exposure Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS DIPTERA; CARBONYL REDUCTION; COMAMONAS-TESTOSTERONI; HEPATIC MICROSOMES; CYTOCHROMES P450; RESISTANCE; METYRAPONE; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; ANALOGS AB Mechanistic and stereoselective based in vitro metabolism assays were utlilized to gain insight into the toxic mode of action of the 1,2,4-triazole fungicide, triadimefon, with black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. Based on results from enzyme inhibitor studies, the metabolism of triadimefon in black fly larvae microsomes was found to occur predominantly via an oxidative P450-mediated pathway; triadimenol was formed via the stereoselective reduction of the prochiral carbonyl group of triadimefon. The relatively minor contribution of carbonyll reduction suggests that triadimefon may inhibit ecdysone 20-monooxygenase and disrupt insect molting hormone biosynthesis. 48-h LC50 tests for triadimefon and triadimenol with black fly larvae yielded median values (with 95% confidence intervals) of 6.1 (5.8-6.4) and 22.3 (20.3-24.1) mg/L, respectively. The exposure of black fly larvae to sublethal concentrations of triadimefon resulted in increased microsomal P450 activity and affected the microsomal rates of both triadimefon depletion and triadimenol formation. In contrast to trout black fly larvae produced a higher fraction of the more toxic triadimenol stereoisomers, which may explain in part why triadimefon exhibited a significantly greater toxicity with black fly larvae than trout. These results illustrate that while LC50 tests conducted wit commercial triadimenol would presumably expose each organism to the same relative abundance of the four triadimenol stereoisomers, LC50 tests with triadimefon ultimately expose each organism to a unique set of triadimenol stereoisomers depending upon the organism's stereoselective metabolism. C1 [Kenneke, John F.; Mazur, Christopher S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kellock, Kristen A.; Overmyer, Jay P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kenneke, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kenneke.john@epa.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 14 BP 5507 EP 5513 DI 10.1021/es900351w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472NE UT WOS:000268138000056 PM 19708389 ER PT J AU Faustini, JM Kaufmann, PR Herlihy, AT AF Faustini, John M. Kaufmann, Philip R. Herlihy, Alan T. TI Downstream variation in bankfull width of wadeable streams across the conterminous United States SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Downstream hydraulic geometry; Bankfull width; Anthropogenic disturbance; Wadeable streams assessment; United States ID HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS; MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; SALMONID HABITAT; RIVER-CONTINUUM; MOUNTAIN STREAM AB Bankfull channel width is a fundamental measure of stream size and a key parameter of interest for many applications in hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and stream ecology. We developed downstream hydraulic geometry relationships for bankfull channel width w as a function of drainage area A, w = alpha A(beta), (DHG(wA)) for nine aggregate ecoregions comprising the conterminous United States using 1588 sites from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA), including 1152 sites from a randomized probability survey sample. Sampled stream reaches ranged from 1 to 75 m in bankfull width and 1 to 10,000 km(2) in drainage area. The DHG(wA) exponent beta, which expresses the rate at which bankfull stream width scales with drainage area, fell into three distinct clusters ranging from 0.22 to 0.38. Width increases more rapidly with basin area in the humid Eastern Highlands (encompassing the Northern and Southern Appalachians and the Ozark Mountains) and the Upper Midwest (Great Lakes region) than for the West (both mountainous and xeric areas), the southeastern Coastal Plain, and the Northern Plains (the Dakotas and Montana). Stream width increases least rapidly with basin area in the Temperate Plains (combelt) and Southern Plains (Great Prairies) in the heartland. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) was least in the noncoastal plains (0.36-0.41) and greatest in the Appalachians and Upper Midwest (0.68-0.77). DHG(wA) equations differed between streams with dominantly fine bed material (silt/sand) and those with dominantly coarse bed material (gravel/cobble/boulder) in six of the nine analysis regions. Where DHG(wA) equations varied by sediment size, fine-bedded streams were consistently narrower than coarse-bedded streams. Within the Western Mountains ecoregion, where there were sufficient sites to develop DHG(wA) relationships at a finer spatial scale, alpha and beta ranged from 1.23 to 3.79 and 0.23 to 0.40, respectively, with r(2)>0.50 for 10 of 13 subregions (range: 0.36 to 0.92). Enhanced DHG equations incorporating additional data for three landscape variables that can be derived from GIS-mean annual precipitation, elevation, and mean reach slope-significantly improved equation fit and predictive value in several regions, most notably the Western Mountains and the Temperate Plains. Channel width was also related to human disturbance. We examined the influence of human disturbance on channel width using several indices of local and basinwide disturbance. Contrary to our expectations, the data suggest that the dominant response of channel width to human disturbance in the United States is a reduction in bankfull width in streams with greater disturbance, particularly in the Western Mountains (where population density, road density, agricultural land use, and local riparian disturbance were all negatively related to channel width) and in the Appalachians and New England (where urban and agricultural land cover and riparian disturbance were all negatively associated with channel width). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Faustini, John M.; Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Faustini, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM faustini.john@epa.gov; kaufmann.phil@epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 FU USEPA [831682-01] FX The research presented in this manuscript was undertaken at the USEPA's Western Ecology Division of the National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory in Corvallis, OF, funded by the USEPA through the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP: Cooperative Agreement CR 831682-01). We thank John VanSickle for advice on statistical analysis and Colleen Burch-Johnson for GIS assistance. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.02.005 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 460ID UT WOS:000267180500014 ER PT J AU Schaljo, B Kratochvill, F Gratz, N Sadzak, I Sauer, I Hammer, M Vogl, C Strobl, B Muller, M Blackshear, PJ Poli, V Lang, R Murray, PJ Kovarik, P AF Schaljo, Barbara Kratochvill, Franz Gratz, Nina Sadzak, Iwona Sauer, Ines Hammer, Michael Vogl, Claus Strobl, Birgit Mueller, Mathias Blackshear, Perry J. Poli, Valeria Lang, Roland Murray, Peter J. Kovarik, Pavel TI Tristetraprolin Is Required for Full Anti-Inflammatory Response of Murine Macrophages to IL-10 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; DUAL-SPECIFICITY PHOSPHATASE-1; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; TNF-ALPHA PRODUCTION; AU-RICH ELEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; CHRONIC ENTEROCOLITIS; MAP KINASE; P38 MAPK AB IL-10 is essential for inhibiting chronic and acute inflammation by decreasing the amounts of proinflammatory cytokines made by activated macrophages. IL-10 controls proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production indirectly via the transcription factor Stat3. One of the most physiologically significant IL-10 targets is TNF-alpha, a potent proinflammatory mediator that is the target for multiple anti-TNF-alpha clinical strategies in Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 seem to be mediated by several incompletely understood transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. In this study, we show that in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived murine macrophages, IL-10 reduces the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-a and IL-1 alpha in part through the RNA destabilizing factor tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP is known for its central role in destabilizing mRNA molecules containing class II AU-rich elements in 3' untranslated regions. We found that IL-10 initiates a Stat3-dependent increase of TTP expression accompanied by a delayed decrease of p38 MAPK activity. The reduction of p38 MAPK activity releases TTP from the p38 MAPK-mediated inhibition, thereby resulting in diminished mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings establish that TTP is required for full responses of bone marrow-derived murine macrophages to IL-10. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 1197-1206. C1 [Schaljo, Barbara; Kratochvill, Franz; Gratz, Nina; Sadzak, Iwona; Sauer, Ines; Kovarik, Pavel] Univ Vienna, Max F Perutz Labs, Dept Microbiol & Immunobiol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Vogl, Claus; Strobl, Birgit; Mueller, Mathias] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, Vienna, Austria. [Strobl, Birgit; Mueller, Mathias] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Univ Ctr Biomodels Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Poli, Valeria] Univ Turin, Dept Genet Biol & Biochem, Ctr Mol Biol, Turin, Italy. [Hammer, Michael; Lang, Roland] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol & Hyg, Munich, Germany. [Hammer, Michael; Lang, Roland] Univ Hosp Erlangen, Inst Microbiol Immunol & Hyg, Erlangen, Germany. [Murray, Peter J.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Murray, Peter J.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Kovarik, P (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Max F Perutz Labs, Dept Microbiol & Immunobiol, Dr Bohr Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM pavel.kovarik@univie.ac.at RI Poli, Valeria/A-9215-2012; Lang, Roland/C-3287-2011; Kovarik, Pavel/D-1184-2014; OI Poli, Valeria/0000-0002-3739-3966; Kovarik, Pavel/0000-0003-2956-0944; Strobl, Birgit/0000-0001-5716-3212; Lang, Roland/0000-0003-0502-3677 FU Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Forderungder Wissenschaftlichen Forschung) [SFB F28, P16726-B14]; European Science Foundation [127-B03] FX This study was supported by Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Forderungder Wissenschaftlichen Forschung) Grants SFB F28 and P16726-B14, European Science Foundation Grant 127-B03 (to P.K.), Austrian Science Fund Fonds zur Forderungder Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Grant SFB F28 and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research Grant Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft and Forschung GZ200.112/1-V1/1/2004 (to M.M.), National Institutes of Health Grant A1062921 (to P.J.M.), and Deutsche Forschungsgemcinschaft Grants Sonderforschungsbereich 576/TP-A11 and LA 1262/4-1 (to R.L.). NR 54 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 2 BP 1197 EP 1206 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0803883 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 468JD UT WOS:000267812600045 PM 19542371 ER PT J AU Simon, KC Chen, HL Gao, X Schwarzschild, MA Ascherio, A AF Simon, Kelly Claire Chen, Honglei Gao, Xiang Schwarzschild, Michael A. Ascherio, Alberto TI Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Estrogen Use, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; estrogen; epidemiology; reproductive factors ID POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE USE; BREAST-CANCER; INDUCED NEUROPROTECTION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; AGE; GENDER; REPRODUCIBILITY; PROGESTERONE; CAFFEINE AB To determine if reproductive factors or exogenous estrogen are associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a prospective study with 22 years of follow-up among postmenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD were estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders. Risk of PD was not significantly associated with any of the reproductive factors measured or exogenous estrogen use. Use of postmenopausal hormones, however, may modify the associations of smoking and caffeine intake with PD risk. The inverse relation between smoking and PD risk was attenuated among ever users of post-menopausal hormones (P for interaction = 0.05). Similar results were obtained for caffeine (P for interaction = 0.09). In exploratory analyses, women using progestin-only hormones were found to have an increased PD risk, but this result was based on a very small number of cases (n = 4). In this large longitudinal study, we found no evidence of a beneficial effect of exogenous or endogenous estrogens on risk of PD. The use of postmenopausal hormone use may interact with other risk factors, but findings are preliminary and need confirmation in other populations. (C) 2009 Movement Disorder Society C1 [Simon, Kelly Claire; Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Simon, KC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ksimon@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NIH/NINDS [ROI NS048517, T32 ES07069-26]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute of Health [ZOIES1019]; DOD [W81XWH-091-0881] FX This work was funded by grant NIH/NINDS ROI NS048517 and training grant T32 ES07069-26 and was in part supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute of Health (ZOIES1019) and DOD grant W81XWH-091-0881. We thank Eilis O'Reilly for technical support. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1365 DI 10.1002/mds.22619 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 478UH UT WOS:000268613300015 PM 19424986 ER PT J AU Garcia-Reyero, N Kroll, KJ Liu, L Orlando, EF Watanabe, KH Sepulveda, MS Villeneuve, DL Perkins, EJ Ankley, GT Denslow, ND AF Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Kroll, Kevin J. Liu, Li Orlando, Edward F. Watanabe, Karen H. Sepulveda, Maria S. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Perkins, Edward J. Ankley, Gerald T. Denslow, Nancy D. TI Gene expression responses in male fathead minnows exposed to binary mixtures of an estrogen and antiestrogen SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; IN-VITRO AB Background: Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals, many of which can interfere with their endocrine system, resulting in impaired reproduction, development or survival, among others. In order to analyze the effects and mechanisms of action of estrogen/anti-estrogen mixtures, we exposed male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) for 48 hours via the water to 2, 5, 10, and 50 ng 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2))/L, 100 ng ZM 189, 154/L (a potent antiestrogen known to block activity of estrogen receptors) or mixtures of 5 or 50 ng EE(2)/L with 100 ng ZM 189,154/L. We analyzed gene expression changes in the gonad, as well as hormone and vitellogenin plasma levels. Results: Steroidogenesis was down-regulated by EE2 as reflected by the reduced plasma levels of testosterone in the exposed fish and down-regulation of genes in the steroidogenic pathway. Microarray analysis of testis of fathead minnows treated with 5 ng EE(2)/L or with the mixture of 5 ng EE(2)/L and 100 ng ZM 189,154/L indicated that some of the genes whose expression was changed by EE(2) were blocked by ZM 189,154, while others were either not blocked or enhanced by the mixture, generating two distinct expression patterns. Gene ontology and pathway analysis programs were used to determine categories of genes for each expression pattern. Conclusion: Our results suggest that response to estrogens occurs via multiple mechanisms, including canonical binding to soluble estrogen receptors, membrane estrogen receptors, and other mechanisms that are not blocked by pure antiestrogens. C1 [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Kroll, Kevin J.; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Kroll, Kevin J.; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Liu, Li] Univ Florida, ICBR, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MED, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM natalia@ccmsi.us; krollk@ufl.edu; liliu@biotech.ufl.edu; eorlando@umd.edu; watanabe@ebs.ogi.edu; mssepulv@purdue.edu; Villeneuve.Dan@epamail.epa.gov; Edward.J.Perkins@erdc.usace.army.mil; Ankley.Gerald@epamail.epa.gov; ndenslow@ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR [R831848]; Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Technology [EX-2004-0986]; European Union FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant, (R831848) to ND, MS, EO and KW, and by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Technology (EX-2004-0986) co-funded by the European Union to NGR. We wish to thank Dr. Thomas Hutchinson, (formerly of AstraZeneca) for the generous gift of ZM189,154. The research described in this article does not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. NDD holds equity in EcoArray, Inc., a company commercializing the microarray technology used in this study. NR 86 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 308 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-308 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RX UT WOS:000268755600001 PM 19594897 ER PT J AU Ellington, JJ Washington, JW Evans, JJ Jenkins, TM Hafner, SC Neill, MP AF Ellington, J. Jackson Washington, John W. Evans, John J. Jenkins, Thomas M. Hafner, Sarah C. Neill, Michael P. TI Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols in soils: Optimization of extraction and chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Fluorotelomer; Perfluorinated; 7:2 sFTOH; GC/MS(PCI); Soil; Sludge ID PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; TELOMER-B ALCOHOL; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMALL VOLUMES; EXPOSURE; WATER; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB This article describes the development of an analytical method for the determination of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) in soil. The sensitive and selective determination of the telomer alcohols was performed by extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and analysis of the extract using gas chromatography with detection and quantification by mass spectrometry operated in the positive chemical ionization mode. The protonated molecular ion, [M+H](+) and a fragment ion (loss of HF + H(2)O) m/z 38 less than the molecular ion were monitored to identify tentatively FTOHs in MTBE extracts of contaminated soils. The FTOHs were confirmed by treatment of the extract with a silylation reagent and observing the disappearance of the FTOH response and the appearance of peaks attributable to the [M+H](+) ions of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. Mass-labeled FTOHs were used as recovery and matrix internal standards. Recovery experiments on soils shown to be free of endogenous FTOHs at instrument detection limits (IDL) of 16 fg/mu L for 6:2 FTOH, 10 fg/mu L for 8:2 FTOH and 14 fg/mu L for 10:2 FTOH yielded a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 190, 100, and 160 fg/mu L for 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, and 10:2 FTOH, respectively when 3 g samples of soil were extracted with 1 mL MTBE. The levels of the 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, and 10:2 FTOH in five soils contaminated with FTOHs by exposure to the laboratory atmosphere during air drying were determined. In these air-dried soils, concentrations of FTOHs ranged from non-detectable to 3600 fg/mu L (0.6 ng/g) of the 6:2 FTOH in the extract of a commercial topsoil. This method was used to determine even and odd numbered FTOHs from 6:2 through 14:2 in soils from fields that had received applications of sewage sludge. Concentrations of FTOHs in these sludge-applied soils ranged as high as 820 ng/g of dry soil for the 10:2 FTOH. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ellington, J. Jackson; Washington, John W.; Evans, John J.; Jenkins, Thomas M.; Hafner, Sarah C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Evans, John J.; Jenkins, Thomas M.] Senior Serv Amer Inc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hafner, Sarah C.] Student Serv Author, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ellington, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ellington.jackson@epa.gov FU USEPA/OPPT FX The authors thank USEPA/OPPT for contributing financially to this research. We thank Cathy Fehrenbacher, Greg Fritz, Laurence Libelo, David Lynch, Carolyn Acheson, Bryan Boulanger, Mark Strynar, Shoji Nakayama and Mary Kaiser for stimulating conversations regarding the fluorotelomer alcohols. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 28 BP 5347 EP 5354 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.035 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 465CF UT WOS:000267557800003 PM 19497578 ER PT J AU Velders, GJM Fahey, DW Daniel, JS McFarland, M Andersen, SO AF Velders, Guus J. M. Fahey, David W. Daniel, John S. McFarland, Mack Andersen, Stephen O. TI The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HCFC consumption; radiative forcing; scenarios ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS AB The consumption and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades in response to regulation of ozone depleting gases under the Montreal Protocol. The projected increases result primarily from sustained growth in demand for refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC) and insulating foam products in developing countries assuming no new regulation of HFC consumption or emissions. New HFC scenarios are presented based on current hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) consumption in leading applications, patterns of replacements of HCFCs by HFCs in developed countries, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Global HFC emissions significantly exceed previous estimates after 2025 with developing country emissions as much as 800% greater than in developed countries in 2050. Global HFC emissions in 2050 are equivalent to 9-19% (CO2-eq. basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in business-as-usual scenarios and contribute a radiative forcing equivalent to that from 6-13 years of CO2 emissions near 2050. This percentage increases to 28-45% compared with projected CO2 emissions in a 450-ppm CO2 stabilization scenario. In a hypothetical scenario based on a global cap followed by 4% annual reductions in consumption, HFC radiative forcing is shown to peak and begin to decline before 2050. C1 [Velders, Guus J. M.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Fahey, David W.; Daniel, John S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McFarland, Mack] DuPont Fluoroprod, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Andersen, Stephen O.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, POB 303, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM guus.velders@pbl.nl RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 31 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 8 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 27 BP 10949 EP 10954 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902817106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468DX UT WOS:000267796100017 PM 19549868 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Dailey, LA Richards, JH Jang, M AF Ghio, Andrew J. Dailey, Lisa A. Richards, Judy H. Jang, Myoseon TI Acid and organic aerosol coatings on magnetic nanoparticles increase iron concentrations in human airway epithelial cells SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; ferritin; oxidants; oxidative stress; sulfuric acid; magnetic nanoparticle; terpenes ID PARTICULATE MATTER; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SECONDARY AEROSOL; DAILY MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; ALPHA-PINENE; INDOOR AIR; PARTICLES AB Numerous industrial applications for man-made nanoparticles have been proposed. Interactions of nanoparticles with agents in the atmosphere may impact human health. We tested the postulate that in vitro exposures of respiratory epithelial cells to airborne magnetic nanoparticles (MNP; Fe3O4) with and without a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and an inorganic acid could affect iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and interleukin (IL)-8 release. Cell iron concentrations were increased after exposures to MNP and values were further elevated with co-exposures to either SOA or inorganic acid. Increased expression of ferritin and elevated levels of RNA for DMT1, proteins for iron storage and transport respectively, followed MNP exposures, but values were significant for only those with co-exposures to inorganic acid and organic aerosols. Cell iron concentration corresponded to a measure of oxidative stress in the airway epithelial cells; MNP with co-exposures to SOA and inorganic acid increased both available metal and indices of oxidant generation. Finally, the release of a proinflammatory cytokine (i.e. IL-8) by the exposed cells similarly increased with cell iron concentration. We conclude that MNP can interact with a SOA and an inorganic acid to present metal in a catalytically reactive state to cultured respiratory cells. This produces an oxidative stress to affect a release of IL-8. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dailey, Lisa A.; Richards, Judy H.; Jang, Myoseon] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ghio.Andy@epamail.epa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0703914] FX This work was supported by a Grant from the National Science Foundation (ATM-0703914) to the University of Florida. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8-11 BP 659 EP 667 DI 10.1080/08958370802406282 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 500BC UT WOS:000270271000001 PM 19558223 ER PT J AU Adjalle, KD Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Adjalle, K. D. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Photostabilization of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge based biopesticides using additives SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Entomotoxicity; Secondary sludge; Starch industry wastewater; UV radiations ID KURSTAKI; PROTEIN; RECOVERY; SUNLIGHT; DAMAGE; CELLS AB Photoprotection (against UV-A and UV-B radiations) of the active components of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki obtained from the fermentation of various culture media was investigated. The culture media comprised: starch industry wastewater; secondary wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed) and soya (used as a reference). Photoprotection was carried out by using various UV-protection additives, namely, para-aminobenzoic acid, lignosulfonic acid and molasses at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%, w/w). In the absence of UV-protection agents, secondary sludge demonstrated natural UV protection with half-lives ranging from 3.25 to 3.4 d. The half-life for soya and starch industry wastewater was 1.9 and 1.8 d, respectively. Para-amino-benzoic acid as a UV-protection agent at 0.20% (w/w) gave excellent UV-protection for soya and starch industry wastewater with half-lives being 5.9 and 7 cl, respectively. Likewise, lignosulfonic acid at 0.20% (w/w) was an effective photostabilizer for hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed secondary sludge with half-lives of 7.25 and 8 d, respectively. Hence, when similar concentration of the UV-protection additives was used, photoprotection was higher for the alternative media than the conventional soya medium, validating the technical feasibility of using three additives. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adjalle, K. D.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS, ETE, 490 Couronne,CP 7500, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STP235071]; INRS-ETE; FQRNT (ENC) FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grants A4984, STP235071, Canada Research Chair), INRS-ETE and FQRNT (ENC) for financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of authors. The authors are also grateful to SOPFIM (Societe de Protection des Foret contre les insects et maladies) for offering prestigious Smirnoff scholarship to Kokou Adjalle. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.016 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 452HQ UT WOS:000266531400002 PM 19100704 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF El-Sikhry, H Chaudhary, KR Batchu, SN Shayeganpour, A Jukar, TO Bradbury, JA Graves, JP DeGraff, LM Myers, P Rouse, DC Foley, J Nyska, A Zeldin, DC Seubert, JM AF Zhang, Yunfang El-Sikhry, Haitham Chaudhary, Ketul R. Batchu, Sri Nagarjun Shayeganpour, Anooshirvan Jukar, Taibeh Orujy Bradbury, J. Alyce Graves, Joan P. DeGraff, Laura M. Myers, Page Rouse, Douglas C. Foley, Julie Nyska, Abraham Zeldin, Darryl C. Seubert, John M. TI Overexpression of CYP2J2 provides protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P-450 2J2; heart; function ID ANKYRIN REPEAT PROTEIN; INDUCED CARDIAC INJURY; INDUCED HEART-FAILURE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HUMAN MYOCARDIUM; TRANSGENIC MICE; CARP GENE AB Zhang Y, El-Sikhry H, Chaudhary KR, Batchu SN, Shayeganpour A, Jukar TO, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Myers P, Rouse DC, Foley J, Nyska A, Zeldin DC, Seubert JM. Overexpression of CYP2J2 provides protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H37-H46, 2009. First published May 8, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00983.2008.-Human cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2J2 is abundant in heart and active in biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Recently, we demonstrated that these eicosanoid products protect myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study utilized transgenic (Tr) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human CYP2J2 to investigate protection toward toxicity resulting from acute (0, 5, or 15 mg/kg daily for 3 days, followed by 24-h recovery) or chronic (0, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg biweekly for 5 wk, followed by 2-wk recovery) doxorubicin (Dox) administration. Acute treatment resulted in marked elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels that were significantly greater in wild-type (WT) than CYP2J2 Tr mice. Acute treatment also resulted in less activation of stress response enzymes in CYP2J2 Tr mice (catalase 750% vs. 300% of baseline, caspase- 3 235% vs. 165% of baseline in WT vs. CYP2J2 Tr mice). Moreover, CYP2J2 Tr hearts exhibited less Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis (measured by TUNEL) compared with WT hearts. After chronic treatment, comparable decreases in body weight were observed in WT and CYP2J2 Tr mice. However, cardiac function, assessed by measurement of fractional shortening with M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in CYP2J2 Tr than WT hearts after chronic Dox treatment (WT 37 +/- 2%, CYP2J2 Tr 47 +/- 1%). WT mice also had larger increases in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac ankryin repeat protein compared with CYP2J2 Tr mice. CYP2J2 Tr hearts had a significantly higher rate of Dox metabolism than WT hearts (2.2 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.50 ng.min(-1).100 mu g protein(-1)). In vitro data from H9c2 cells demonstrated that EETs attenuated Dox-induced mitochondrial damage. Together, these data suggest that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 limited Dox-induced toxicity. C1 [Zhang, Yunfang; El-Sikhry, Haitham; Chaudhary, Ketul R.; Batchu, Sri Nagarjun; Shayeganpour, Anooshirvan; Jukar, Taibeh Orujy; Seubert, John M.] Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada. [Graves, Joan P.; DeGraff, Laura M.; Myers, Page; Rouse, Douglas C.; Foley, Julie; Nyska, Abraham; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Rouse, Douglas C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Seubert, JM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 3126 Dent Pharm Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada. EM jseubert@pharmacy.ualberta.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP79465]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-025034]; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research FX This work was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant (MOP79465, J. M. Seubert) and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-025034). J. M. Seubert is the recipient of a New Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and a Health Scholar Award from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 297 IS 1 BP H37 EP H46 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00983.2008 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 464GI UT WOS:000267492900007 PM 19429816 ER PT J AU Voynow, JA Fischer, BM Zheng, S Potts, EN Grover, AR Jaiswal, AK Ghio, AJ Foster, WM AF Voynow, Judith A. Fischer, Bernard M. Zheng, Shuo Potts, Erin N. Grover, Amy R. Jaiswal, Anil K. Ghio, Andrew J. Foster, W. Michael TI NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Is Essential for Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice and Humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone; NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1; F(2)-isoprostane ID LIPID OZONATION PRODUCTS; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE-1; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; BRONCHIAL REACTIVITY; INDUCED INFLAMMATION; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; DT-DIAPHORASE; LUNG INJURY AB One host susceptibility factor for ozone identified in epidemiologic studies is NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). We hypothesized that after ozone exposure, NQO1 is required to increase 8-isoprostane (also known as F(2)-isoprostane) production, a recognized marker of ozone-induced oxidative stress, and to enhance airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. In this report, we demonstrate that in contrast to wild-type mice, NQO1-null mice are resistant to ozone and have blunted responses, including decreased production of F(2)-isoprostane and keratinocyte chemokine, decreased airway inflammation, and diminished airway hyperreponsiveness. Importantly, these results in mice correlate with in vitro findings in humans. In primary human airway epithelial cells, inhibition of NQO1 by dicumarol blocks ozone-induced F(2)-isoprostane production and IL-8 gene expression. Together, these results demonstrate that NQO1 modulates cellular redox status and influences the biologic and physiologic effects of ozone. C1 [Voynow, Judith A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Pulm Med, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Potts, Erin N.; Foster, W. Michael] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Jaiswal, Anil K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Voynow, JA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Pulm Med, Dept Pediat, Box 2994, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM voyno001@mc.duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL082504, HL081763, ES07943, ES011961, ES012496] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL082504 (J.A.V.), HL081763 (B.M.F.), ES07943 (A.K.J.), ES011961, and ES012496 (W.M.F.). NR 52 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0381OC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 461YA UT WOS:000267309000015 PM 19059883 ER PT J AU Clabby, C Huber, A AF Clabby, Catherine Huber, Alan TI Follow the Flow SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Huber, Alan] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 97 IS 4 BP 326 EP 327 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 456LF UT WOS:000266847100024 ER PT J AU Fang, F Kamel, F Lichtenstein, P Bellocco, R Sparen, P Sandler, DP Ye, WM AF Fang, Fang Kamel, Freya Lichtenstein, Paul Bellocco, Rino Sparen, Par Sandler, Dale P. Ye, Weimin TI Familial Aggregation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SOD1 MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATIENT; RISK; TWIN; ALS AB Objective: To assess the relative risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in families of ALS patients. Methods: We conducted a cohort study based on the Swedish Multi-Generation Register in 1961 to 2005. Among 6,671 probands (first ALS case in the family), 1,909 full siblings, 13,947 children, and 5,405 spouses were identified (exposed group). Other persons in the Multi-Generation Register, who were siblings, children, or spouses to persons without ALS, served as the reference group. Relative risks for ALS among the exposed group, compared with the reference group, were calculated from Poisson regression models. Concurrence of ALS within twins was assessed in 86,441 twin pairs registered in the Swedish Twin Register. Results: Nine cases of ALS were noted among the siblings and 37 cases among the children of the probands, giving a 17-fold risk among the siblings (95% confidence interval, 8.1-30.4) and a 9-fold risk among the children (95% confidence interval, 6.2-12.0), compared with the reference group. Siblings and children had a greater excess risk if the proband was diagnosed at a younger age, and the excess risks decreased with increasing age at diagnosis of the proband (p < 0.001). Spouses had no significantly increased risk (p = 0.27). Two cases were identified among the cotwins of ALS probands, giving a relative risk of 32 (95% confidence interval, 5.2-102.6). Interpretation: The siblings and children of ALS patients have an about 10-fold risk for ALS compared with the reference group. The excess risks vary with both age and kinship, indicating a major genetic role in familial ALS. C1 [Fang, Fang; Lichtenstein, Paul; Bellocco, Rino; Sparen, Par; Ye, Weimin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fang, Fang; Kamel, Freya; Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bellocco, Rino] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Stat, Milan, Italy. RP Fang, F (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, POB 281, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fang.fang@ki.se RI Ye, Weimin/A-5939-2008; OI lichtenstein, paul/0000-0003-3037-5287; Fang, Fang/0000-0002-3310-6456; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0013887932, Z01 ES049005-16]; NIEHS NIH HHS [201 ES49005-15] NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1002/ana.21580 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 481XY UT WOS:000268847600015 PM 19670447 ER PT J AU Estill, CF Baron, PA Beard, JK Hein, MJ Larsen, LD Rose, L Schaefer, FW Noble-Wang, J Hodges, L Lindquist, HDA Deye, GJ Arduino, MJ AF Estill, Cheryl Fairfield Baron, Paul A. Beard, Jeremy K. Hein, Misty J. Larsen, Lloyd D. Rose, Laura Schaefer, Frank W., III Noble-Wang, Judith Hodges, Lisa Lindquist, H. D. Alan Deye, Gregory J. Arduino, Matthew J. TI Recovery Efficiency and Limit of Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne from Environmental Surface Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPOROUS SURFACES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COLLECTION METHOD; AUM-SHINRIKYO; SPORES; CONTAMINATION; MAIL AB After the 2001 anthrax incidents, surface sampling techniques for biological agents were found to be inadequately validated, especially at low surface loadings. We aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores within a chamber to achieve very low surface loading (ca. 3, 30, and 200 CFU per 100 cm(2)). Steel and carpet coupons seeded in the chamber were sampled with swab (103 cm(2)) or wipe or vacuum (929 cm(2)) surface sampling methods and analyzed at three laboratories. Agar settle plates (60 cm(2)) were the reference for determining recovery efficiency (RE). The minimum estimated surface concentrations to achieve a 95% response rate based on probit regression were 190, 15, and 44 CFU/100 cm(2) for sampling steel surfaces and 40, 9.2, and 28 CFU/100 cm(2) for sampling carpet surfaces with swab, wipe, and vacuum methods, respectively; however, these results should be cautiously interpreted because of high observed variability. Mean REs at the highest surface loading were 5.0%, 18%, and 3.7% on steel and 12%, 23%, and 4.7% on carpet for the swab, wipe, and vacuum methods, respectively. Precision (coefficient of variation) was poor at the lower surface concentrations but improved with increasing surface concentration. The best precision was obtained with wipe samples on carpet, achieving 38% at the highest surface concentration. The wipe sampling method detected B. anthracis at lower estimated surface concentrations and had higher RE and better precision than the other methods. These results may guide investigators to more meaningfully conduct environmental sampling, quantify contamination levels, and conduct risk assessment for humans. C1 [Estill, Cheryl Fairfield; Baron, Paul A.; Hein, Misty J.; Deye, Gregory J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Beard, Jeremy K.; Larsen, Lloyd D.] Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. [Rose, Laura; Noble-Wang, Judith; Hodges, Lisa; Arduino, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schaefer, Frank W., III; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Estill, CF (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS R-14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CEstill@cdc.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 13 BP 4297 EP 4306 DI 10.1128/AEM.02549-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 462RI UT WOS:000267373000009 PM 19429546 ER PT J AU Deng, YM Theken, KN Edin, ML Kannon, MA Schuck, RN DeGraff, LM Bradbury, JA Graves, J Zeldin, DC Lee, CR AF Deng, Yangmei Theken, Katherine N. Edin, Matthew L. Kannon, M. Alison Schuck, Robert N. DeGraff, Laura M. Bradbury, J. Alyce Graves, Joan Zeldin, Darryl C. Lee, Craig R. TI Endothelial CYP2J2 and CYP2C8 Overexpression and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deletion Attenuate Acute Inflammatory Responses in Mice SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis & Vasc Biol C1 [Deng, Yangmei; Theken, Katherine N.; Kannon, M. Alison; Schuck, Robert N.; Lee, Craig R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Edin, Matthew L.; DeGraff, Laura M.; Bradbury, J. Alyce; Graves, Joan; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Rsch Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Theken, Katherine/H-1098-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 7 BP E63 EP E63 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 459LA UT WOS:000267102500290 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ AF Ghio, Andrew J. TI Disruption of iron homeostasis and lung disease SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Review DE Oxidative stress; Ferritin; Divalent metal transporter 1; Transferrin; Transferrin receptor ID PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; DUODENAL CYTOCHROME-B; METAL-ION TRANSPORTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; DEPENDENT REGULATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB As a result of a direct exchange with the external environment, the lungs are exposed to both iron and agents with a capacity to disrupt the homeostasis of this metal (e.g. particles). An increased availability of catalytically reactive iron can result from these exposures and, by generating an oxidative stress, this metal can contribute to tissue injury. By importing this Fe(3+) into cells for storage in a chemically less reactive form, the lower respiratory tract demonstrates an ability to mitigate both the oxidative stress presented by iron and its potential for tissue injury. This means that detoxification is accomplished by chemical reduction to Fe(2+) (e.g. by duodenal cytochrome b and other ferrireductases), iron import (e.g. by divalent metal transporter 1 and other transporters), and storage in ferritin. The metal can subsequently be exported from the cell (e.g. by ferroportin 1) in a less reactive state relative to that initially imported. Iron is then transported out of the lung via the mucociliary pathway or blood and lymphatic pathways to the reticuloendothelial system for long term storage. This coordinated handling of iron in the lung appears to be disrupted in several acute diseases on the lung including infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and ischemia-reperfusion. Exposures to bleomycin, dusts and fibers, and paraquat similarly alter iron homeostasis in the lung to affect an oxidative stress. Finally, iron homeostasis is disrupted in numerous chronic lung diseases including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, transplantation, cigarette smoking, and cystic fibrosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, ORD, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, ORD, NHEERL, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 72 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 1790 IS 7 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.11.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 463XJ UT WOS:000267467100018 PM 19100311 ER PT J AU Connor, JR Ghio, AJ AF Connor, James R. Ghio, Andrew J. TI The impact of host iron homeostasis on disease Preface SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Connor, James R.] Vet Adm Hosp, Spinal Cord Injury Res Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Connor, James R.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Connor, James R.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Connor, JR (reprint author), Vet Adm Hosp, Spinal Cord Injury Res Unit, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 1790 IS 7 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.05.004 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 463XJ UT WOS:000267467100001 ER PT J AU Stierhoff, KL Targett, TE Power, JH AF Stierhoff, Kevin L. Targett, Timothy E. Power, James H. TI Hypoxia-induced growth limitation of juvenile fishes in an estuarine nursery: assessment of small-scale temporal dynamics using RNA:DNA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; ASSESS HABITAT QUALITY; WINTER FLOUNDER; ATLANTIC COD; DNA RATIO; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; INTRINSIC GROWTH; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; NORTH-CAROLINA AB The ratio of RNA to DNA (RNA:DNA) in white muscle tissue of juvenile summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) was used as a proxy for recent growth rate in an estuarine nursery. Variability in RNA:DNA was examined relative to temporal changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO). Initial laboratory experiments indicated (i) a strong positive relationship between RNA:DNA and growth rate, (ii) a rapid response of RNA:DNA to changes in feeding, and (iii) no effect of hypoxia on the relationship between RNA:DNA and growth rate (tested in weakfish only). Diel cycling DO occurred in the nursery throughout the summers of 2002 and 2003. Canonical correlation analysis of field data indicated a strong positive relationship between RNA:DNA and mean DO conditions prior to capture in both species. Correlations were weak or insignificant between stomach content mass (an index of feeding) and mean DO and between RNA:DNA and stomach content mass and DO variability. These results suggest a strong functional relationship between DO concentration and the growth rate of juvenile fishes in an estuarine nursery. Furthermore, growth rates of wild-caught fishes (estimated from RNA:DNA) appear to be more negatively impacted by diel cycling hypoxia than would be expected from published laboratory data. C1 [Stierhoff, Kevin L.; Targett, Timothy E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Power, James H.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stierhoff, KL (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kevin.stierhoff@noaa.gov RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013; Power, James/A-1977-2010 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312; Power, James/0000-0001-7745-798X FU Delaware Sea Grant Program; NOAA; US Department of Commerce [NA16RG0162-03 (Project R/F-21), NA03OAR4170011 (Project R/F-23)] FX The authors thank D. Brady, R. Tyler, S. Brown, and D. Tuzzolino for their assistance throughout this study. We also thank B. Ciotti and E. Caldarone (NOAA Fisheries) for their valuable insight and support with the quantification of nucleic acids. We thank P. Gaffney for guidance with experimental design and statistical analyses. P. Grecay, J. Rice, and several anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This research was supported by funding from the Delaware Sea Grant Program, NOAA, US Department of Commerce, under grant numbers NA16RG0162-03 (Project R/F-21) and NA03OAR4170011 (Project R/F-23) to T.E.T. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1047 DI 10.1139/F09-066 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 469CY UT WOS:000267874300003 ER PT J AU Spector, D Mishel, M Skinner, CS DeRoo, LA VanRiper, M Sandler, DP AF Spector, Denise Mishel, Merle Skinner, Celette Sugg DeRoo, Lisa A. VanRiper, Marcia Sandler, Dale P. TI Breast Cancer Risk Perception and Lifestyle Behaviors Among White and Black Women With a Family History of the Disease SO CANCER NURSING LA English DT Article DE Breast cancer; Family history; Lifestyle behaviors; Risk perception ID 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; PREVENTION; PREDICTORS; NUTRITION; TAMOXIFEN; AWARENESS; CHOICES AB Although researchers have Investigated the relationships between perceived risk and behavioral risk factors for breast cancer, few qualitative studies have addressed the meaning of risk and its impact on decision making regarding lifestyle behaviors. This qualitative study explored factors involved in the formulation of perceived breast cancer risk and associations between risk perception and lifestyle behaviors in white and black women with a family history of breast cancer. Eligible participants were North Carolina residents in the Sister Study, a nationwide study of risk factors for breast cancer among women who have at least 1 sister diagnosed with breast cancer. Personal interviews were conducted with 32 women. Although most had heightened perceived risk, almost 20% considered themselves below-to-average risk. Participants with moderate-to-high perceived risk were more likely to report an affected sister and mother, a first-degree relative's diagnosis within 4 years, and death of a first-degree relative from breast cancer. Many women were unaware of associations between lifestyle behaviors and breast cancer risk. Only one-third of the women reported healthy lifestyle changes because of family history; dietary change was most frequently reported. Findings may be important for cancer nurses involved in developing breast cancer education programs for women with a family history of breast cancer. C1 [Spector, Denise; Mishel, Merle; VanRiper, Marcia] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Skinner, Celette Sugg] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci, Div Behav & Commun Sci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [DeRoo, Lisa A.; Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Spector, D (reprint author), 318 Sunset Creek Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM dspector@email.unc.edu OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities [P20 NR 8369]; American Cancer Society, Doctoral Degree Scholarship in Cancer Nursing [DSCN-07-132-01]; National Institute of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES044005-10] FX The Center for Innovations in Health Disparities Research from the National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities provided the funds to conduct this research under grant P20 NR 8369. The First author was supported by the American Cancer Society through a Doctoral Degree Scholarship in Cancer Nursing (grant no. DSCN-07-132-01). This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES044005-10). NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0162-220X J9 CANCER NURS JI Cancer Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 465MK UT WOS:000267589300006 PM 19444084 ER PT J AU Tan, S Meiller, J Mahaffey, K AF Tan, Shirlee Meiller, Jesse Mahaffey, Kathryn TI Response to letter from Dr. Gianpaolo-Guzzi related to "The Endocrine Effects of Mercury on Humans and Wildlife" SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Tan, Shirlee; Meiller, Jesse; Mahaffey, Kathryn] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mahaffey, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 539 EP 539 DI 10.1080/10408440903056971 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478FA UT WOS:000268572000007 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Coulombe, R AF Brooks, J. Renee Coulombe, Rob TI Physiological responses to fertilization recorded in tree rings: isotopic lessons from a long-term fertilization trial SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope; Douglas-fir; growth; leaf area dynamics; nitrogen additions; oxygen isotope; photosynthesis; Pseudotsuga menziesii; stable isotopes; stomatal conductance; tree rings ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; LEAF WATER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROWTH-RESPONSE; STABLE OXYGEN; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Nitrogen fertilizer applications are common land use management tools, but details on physiological responses to these applications are often lacking, particularly for long-term responses over decades of forest management. We used tree ring growth patterns and stable isotopes to understand long-term physiological responses to fertilization using a controlled fertilization experiment begun in 1964 in Washington State (USA), in which three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied: 157, 314, and 471 kg/ha. Basal area increment (BAI) increased more than fourfold in the highest treatment to twofold in the lowest, and a significant increase in BAI was observed for 20 years. Latewood Delta(13)C sharply decreased by 1.4% after fertilization and was significantly lower than controls for four years, but no differences existed between fertilization levels, and the effect disappeared after four years, indicating that intrinsic water use efficiency (A/gs) increased in response to fertilization. Earlywood D 13 C showed similar trends but was more variable. Latewood delta(18)O increased significantly above controls by similar to 2%omicron in all treatments, but the duration differed with treatment level, with the effect being longer for higher levels of fertilization and lasting as long as nine years after fertilization. Because source water and relative humidity were the same between experimental plots, we interpreted the delta(18)O increase with treatment as a decrease in leaf-level transpiration. Earlywood delta(18)O did not show any treatment effects. Because the Pacific Northwest has a mediterranean climate with dry summers, we speculated that fertilization caused a substantial increase in leaf area, causing the trees to transpire themselves into drought stress during the late summer. We estimate from the delta(18)O data that stomatal conductance (g(s)) was reduced by similar to 30%. Using the Delta(13)C data to estimate assimilation rates (A), A during the late season was also reduced by 20-30%. If leaf-level A decreased, but BAI increased, we estimated that leaf area on those trees must have increased by fourfold with the highest level of treatment within this stand. This increase in leaf area resulting from fertilization caused a hydraulic imbalance within the trees that lasted as long as nine years after treatment at the highest levels of fertilization. C1 [Brooks, J. Renee] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Coulombe, Rob] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to the Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was conducted at the Wind River Experimental Forest. We thank the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Gifford Pinchot National Forest for making these facilities available and for maintaining long-term measurements of forest and environmental conditions. In this regard, special thanks go to Connie Harrington and Sarah Greene for their assistance with access and historical data at this site. We also thank Gail Heine for help with sample collection, Warren Evans for sample processing, and William Rugh and William Griffis for isotopic analysis. Special thanks to Margaret Barbour, E. Henry Lee, and Donald Phillips, who helped with aspects of the data analysis. Thanks to the EPA Isotopics journal group, Margaret Barbour, Tom Hinckley, and Bob Ozretich, who provided comments on earlier versions of this paper. NR 79 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1060 DI 10.1890/08-0310.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448SD UT WOS:000266281400017 PM 19544742 ER PT J AU Greene, RM Lehrter, JC Hagy, JD AF Greene, Richard M. Lehrter, John C. Hagy, James D., III TI Multiple regression models for hindcasting and forecasting midsummer hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE forecasts; Gulf of Mexico; hindcasts; hypoxia; Mississippi River; Monte Carlo; nitrogen; phosphorus, regression models ID STOICHIOMETRIC NUTRIENT BALANCE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; LOUISIANA SHELF; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENTS; PIGMENTS; HISTORY AB A new suite of multiple regression models was developed that describes relationships between the area of bottom water hypoxia along the northern Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi-Atchafalaya River nitrate concentration, total phosphorus (TP) concentration, and discharge. Model input variables were derived from two load estimation methods, the adjusted maximum likelihood estimation (AMLE) and the composite (COMP) method, developed by the U. S. Geological Survey. Variability in midsummer hypoxic area was described by models that incorporated May discharge, May nitrate, and February TP concentrations or their spring (discharge and nitrate) and winter (TP) averages. The regression models predicted the observed hypoxic area within +/-30%, yet model residuals showed an increasing trend with time. An additional model variable, Epoch, which allowed post-1993 observations to have a different intercept than earlier observations, suggested that hypoxic area has been 6450 km(2) greater per unit discharge and nutrients since 1993. Model forecasts predicted that a dual 45% reduction in nitrate and TP concentration would likely reduce hypoxic area to approximately 5000 km(2), the coastal goal established by the Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force. However, the COMP load estimation method, which is more accurate than the AMLE method, resulted in a smaller predicted hypoxia response to any given nutrient reduction than models based on the AMLE method. Monte Carlo simulations predicted that five years after an instantaneous 50% nitrate reduction or dual 45% nitrate and TP reduction it would be possible to resolve a significant reduction in hypoxic area. However, if nutrient reduction targets were achieved gradually (e. g., over 10 years), much more than a decade would be required before a significant downward trend in both nutrient concentrations and hypoxic area could be resolved against the large background of interannual variability. The multiple regression models and statistical approaches applied provide improved capabilities for evaluating dual nutrient management strategies to address Gulf hypoxia and a clearer perspective on the strengths and limitations of approaching the problem using regression models. C1 [Greene, Richard M.; Lehrter, John C.; Hagy, James D., III] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Greene, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM greene.rick@epa.gov RI Greene, Richard/G-9685-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors appreciate the advice and assistance of Brent Aulenbach (USGS) on the load estimation methodologies. We thank Craig Stow (NOAA), Michael Murrell (USEPA), and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number #1323 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1175 DI 10.1890/08-0035.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458KW UT WOS:000267020200008 PM 19688924 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Glime, JM Hribljan, J Greenwood, JL AF Fritz, Ken M. Glime, Janice M. Hribljan, John Greenwood, Jennifer L. TI Can bryophytes be used to characterize hydrologic permanence in forested headwater streams? SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Jurisdictional waters; Mosses; Liverworts; Intermittent; Ephemeral; Perennial ID SUBSTRATE STABILITY; AQUATIC MUSCI; DISTURBANCE; HABITAT; ADAPTATIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITY; MOUNTAINS; MOSSES AB Recent court cases have questioned whether all headwater streams, particularly those that are not perennial, fall within the protective boundaries of the Clean Water Act. Rapid field-based indicators of hydrologic permanence are critically needed for jurisdictional determinations. The study objective was to determine whether characteristics of bryophyte assemblages in forested headwater streams can be useful indicators of hydrologic permanence. We sampled bryophytes from the channel thalweg at 113 sites across 10 forests in the U.S. which varied in hydrologic permanence. Hydrologic permanence was based on hydrologic status during spring (wet season) and late summer (dry season) visits. Perennial sites had flow (surface or visibly interstitial) during both spring and summer visits. Intermittent sites flowed during spring but were either dry or had surface water limited to isolated pools in summer. Ephemeral sites did not have flow during either visit. The species composition significantly differed between ephemeral and perennial stream reaches. The species composition of intermittent streams overlapped with both ephemeral and perennial streams. Three species and six families were identified as indicators of particular permanence classes. Liverworts occurred more frequently at perennial than at intermittent or ephemeral sites. Bryophytes with cushion and turf growth forms were common to ephemeral sites, whereas mat and weft forms were more common to perennial sites. Acrocarpous mosses were more frequent at ephemeral than at perennial sites. The frequencies of bryophyte-moisture associations (derived from the literature) across the three permanence categories were significantly different. Species associated with dry habitats were more frequently encountered at ephemeral than perennial sites, whereas species associated with wet habitats were more frequent at perennial than ephemeral sites. Species richness varied among forests and permanence classes. Ephemeral sites tended to have higher species richness than perennial sites; however, this pattern did not hold for all forests. Bryophytes should be included among the tools for jurisdictional determinations, much like vascular plants are used to help delineate wetlands. Growth forms and higher level taxonomy of bryophytes (i.e., phyla) can be particularly useful for making jurisdictional determinations because of their ability to discriminate ephemeral from intermittent and perennial reaches and they are measures that can be rapidly trained and routinely used by agencies making such determinations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Glime, Janice M.; Hribljan, John] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Greenwood, Jennifer L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol Sci, Martin, TN 38238 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 681 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.001 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407WR UT WOS:000263395500007 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Pearson, MS Jicha, TM Taylor, DL Bolgrien, DW Moffett, MF Blocksom, KA Hill, BH AF Angradi, Ted R. Pearson, Mark S. Jicha, Terri M. Taylor, Debra L. Bolgrien, David W. Moffett, Mary F. Blocksom, Karen A. Hill, Brian H. TI Using stressor gradients to determine reference expectations for great river fish assemblages SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Bioassessment; Great rivers; Reference condition; Stressor gradient; Upper Mississippi River; Missouri River; Ohio River; Fish ID MULTIMETRIC INDEX; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; OHIO RIVER; STREAMS; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS AB We describe a simple empirical modeling approach for determining least-disturbed conditions for the great rivers of the Upper Mississippi River basin: Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers. We used multivariate analysis to identify reference strata (reaches for which a single reference expectation was appropriate) on each river. Strata included the Upper Missouri, Lower Missouri, impounded Upper Mississippi, unimpounded Upper Mississippi, and the Ohio River. We created a multimetric stressor gradient for each stratum using a suite of site- and landscape-scale metrics. Site-scale metrics included water chemistry, aquatic and riparian habitat, and human disturbance metrics. Landscape-scale metrics included land use, land cover, and proximity to human disturbance. The gradient was scaled from 0 (least stressed) to 1 (most stressed). Multimetric indices of condition based on fish assemblages for the Lower Missouri and Upper Mississippi River were responsive to stressor gradients based on 18-24 abiotic stressor metrics. Ohio River fish assemblages were responsive to a hand-picked three-metric gradient. We used the y-intercept of quantile regression to predict the fish index value for a stressor gradient value of 0 (the fish index value at a site with the lowest mean stressor gradient score in the reference stratum) which we designated as least-disturbed condition for the fish index for that stratum. We trisected the difference between predicted least-disturbed condition (ceiling value) and a floor value set at the 5th percentile of the sample to create thresholds for three condition classes: least-disturbed, intermediate, and most-disturbed. Based on the derived condition class thresholds for the fish index, 10% (by length) of the Lower Missouri was in least-disturbed condition, compared to 14% of the Ohio River and 19% of the impounded Upper Mississippi River. The index of condition exhibited longitudinal variation that was associated with the location of major urban areas along each river. We conclude that empirical modeling based on an abiotic stressor gradient can provide an alternative approach for deriving internal reference expectations for great rivers with few, if any, minimally disturbed sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.; Pearson, Mark S.; Jicha, Terri M.; Taylor, Debra L.; Bolgrien, David W.; Moffett, Mary F.; Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Blocksom, Karen A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 1201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Angradi.theodore@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 748 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.007 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407WR UT WOS:000263395500014 ER PT J AU Franceschini, MD Lane, OP Evers, DC Reed, JM Hoskins, B Romero, LM AF Franceschini, Melinda D. Lane, Oksana P. Evers, David C. Reed, J. Michael Hoskins, Bart Romero, L. Michael TI The corticosterone stress response and mercury contamination in free-living tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corticosterone; Mercury; Stress; Tree swallows ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PITUITARY-INTERRENAL AXIS; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; COMMON LOONS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BUFO-TERRESTRIS AB We determined mercury concentrations in tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, from Massachusetts and Maine with different levels of contamination. Baseline and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations from adults and nestlings (Massachusetts only) were compared with mercury concentrations. In Massachusetts, adult baseline corticosterone was negatively correlated with blood mercury, but showed a nearly-significant positive correlation with feather mercury. There was a negative relationship between baseline corticosterone and blood mercury in nestlings and between baseline corticosterone and egg mercury. There was no relationship between mercury and stress-induced corticosterone in any of the groups, or with baseline corticosterone in Maine sites where mercury levels were lower. The findings suggest blood and egg mercury may be a better indicator of current condition than feather mercury. Further, mercury contamination may not alter stress-induced corticosterone concentrations in tree swallows but appears to have a significant impact on baseline circulating corticosterone. C1 [Franceschini, Melinda D.; Reed, J. Michael; Romero, L. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Lane, Oksana P.; Evers, David C.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Hoskins, Bart] US EPA, New England Reg Lab, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. RP Franceschini, MD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM melfrances@earthlink.net RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 FU Tufts University Institute for the Environment; US National Science Foundation [IBN-0235044, IOB-0542099] FX This project was made possible through a grant from Tufts University Institute for the Environment to MDF, and grants from the US National Science Foundation (IBN-0235044 and IOB-0542099) to LMR. NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0309-2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 454BC UT WOS:000266655600005 PM 19360470 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Crofton, KM Rice, DC Zoeller, RT AF Miller, Mark D. Crofton, Kevin M. Rice, Deborah C. Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals: Interpreting Upstream Biomarkers of Adverse Outcomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children's health; endocrine disruption; hazard identification; risk assessment; science policy; thyroid hormone; toxicologic assessments ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL PCB; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXINEMIA; HORMONE RECEPTOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AB BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence in humans and in experimental animals for a relationship between exposure to specific environmental chemicals and perturbations in levels of critically important thyroid hormones (THs). Identification and proper interpretation of these relationships are required for accurate assessment of risk to public health. OBJECTIVES: We review the role of TH in nervous system development and specific outcomes in adults, the impact of xenobiotics on thyroid signaling, the relationship between adverse outcomes of thyroid disruption and upstream causal biomarkers, and the societal implications of perturbations in thyroid signaling by xenobiotic chemicals. DATA SOURCES: We drew on an extensive body of epidemiologic, toxicologic, and mechanistic studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: THs are critical for normal nervous system development, and decreased maternal TH levels are associated with adverse neuropsychological development in children. In adult humans, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with increased blood pressure and poorer blood lipid profiles, both risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. These effects of thyroid suppression are observed even within the "normal" range for the population. Environmental chemicals may affect thyroid homeostasis by a number of mechanisms, and multiple chemicals have been identified that interfere with thyroid function by each of the identified mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals are potentially vulnerable to adverse effects as a consequence of exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals. Any degree of thyroid disruption that affects TH levels on a population basis should be considered a biomarker of adverse outcomes, which may have important societal outcomes. C1 [Miller, Mark D.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Miller, Mark D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rice, Deborah C.] Maine Ctr Dis Control, Augusta, ME USA. [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM mmiller@oehha.ca.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Miller, Mark/0000-0002-9301-0093 NR 144 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800247 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 465WV UT WOS:000267621200019 PM 19654909 ER PT J AU Graff, DW Cascio, WE Rappold, A Zhou, HB Huang, YCT Devlin, RB AF Graff, Donald W. Cascio, Wayne E. Rappold, Ana Zhou, Haibo Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Devlin, Robert B. TI Exposure to Concentrated Coarse Air Pollution Particles Causes Mild Cardiopulmonary Effects in Healthy Young Adults SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular effects; coarse PM human study ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ACUTE ARTERIAL VASOCONSTRICTION; CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; ASTHMATIC VOLUNTEERS; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; INHALED PARTICLES AB BACKGROUND: There is ample epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution [aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM(2.5))], which derives primarily from combustion processes, can result in increased mortality and morbidity. There is less certainty as to the contribution of coarse PM (PM(2.5-10)), which derives from crustal materials and from mechanical processes, to mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether coarse PM causes cardiopulmonary effects, we exposed 14 healthy young volunteers to coarse concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and filtered air. Coarse PM concentration averaged 89.0 mu g/m(3) (range, 23.7-159.6 mu g/m(3)). Volunteers were exposed to coarse CAPs and filtered air for 2 hr while they underwent intermittent exercise in a single-blind, crossover study. We measured pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic end points before exposure, immediately after exposure, and again 20 hr after exposure. RESULTS: Compared with filtered air exposure, coarse CAP exposure produced a small increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 20 hr postexposure, indicating mild pulmonary inflammation. We observed no changes in pulmonary function. Blood tissue plasminogen activator, which is involved in fibrinolysis, was decreased 20 hr after exposure. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), a measure of overall heart rate variability, also decreased 20 hr after exposure to CAPs. CONCLUSIONS: Coarse CAP exposure produces a mild physiologic response in healthy young volunteers approximately 20 hr postexposure. These changes are similar in scope and magnitude to changes we and others have previously reported for volunteers exposed to fine CAPs, suggesting that both size fractions are comparable at inducing cardiopulmonary changes in acute exposure settings. C1 [Rappold, Ana; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Graff, Donald W.] MDS Pharma Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Greenville, NC USA. [Zhou, Haibo] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Devlin, RB (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, MD 58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Devlin.robert@epa.gov NR 49 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1094 DI 10.1289/ehp0900558 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 465WV UT WOS:000267621200028 PM 19654918 ER PT J AU Liebow, E Phelps, J Van Houten, B Rose, S Orians, C Cohen, J Monroe, P Drew, CH AF Liebow, Edward Phelps, Jerry Van Houten, Bennett Rose, Shyanika Orians, Carlyn Cohen, Jennifer Monroe, Philip Drew, Christina H. TI Toward the Assessment of Scientific and Public Health Impacts of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Extramural Asthma Research Program Using Available Data SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; children; evaluation methodology; health impact analysis; minorities; policy; pulmonary organ systems/disease processes; susceptible populations ID COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; CARE AB BACKGROUND: In the past 15 years, asthma prevalence has increased and is disproportionately distributed among children, minorities, and low-income persons. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of Extramural Research and Training developed a framework to measure the scientific and health impacts of its extramural asthma research to improve the scientific basis for reducing the health effects of asthma. OBJECTIVES: Here we apply the framework to characterize the NIEHS asthma portfolio's impact in terms of publications, clinical applications of findings, community interventions, and technology developments. METHODS: A logic model was tailored to inputs, outputs, and outcomes of the NIEHS asthma portfolio. Data from existing National Institutes of Health (NIH) databases are used, along with publicly available bibliometric data and structured elicitation of expert judgment. RESULTS: NIEHS is the third largest source of asthma-related research grant funding within the NIH between 1975 and 2005, after the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Much of NIEHS-funded asthma research focuses on basic research, but results are often published in journals focused on clinical investigation, increasing the likelihood that the work is moved into practice along the "bench to bedside" continuum. NIEHS support has led to key breakthroughs in scientific research concerning susceptibility to asthma, environmental conditions that heighten asthma symptoms, and cellular mechanisms that may be involved in treating asthma. CONCLUSIONS: If gaps and limitations in publicly available data receive adequate attention, further linkages can be demonstrated between research activities and public health improvements. This logic model approach to research impact assessment demonstrates that it is possible to conceptualize program components, mine existing databases, and begin to show longer-term impacts of program results. The next challenges will be to modify current data structures, improve the linkages among relevant databases, incorporate as much electronically available data as possible, and determine how to improve the quality and health impact of the science that we support. C1 [Liebow, Edward; Rose, Shyanika; Orians, Carlyn; Cohen, Jennifer; Monroe, Philip] Battelle Hlth & Life Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Phelps, Jerry; Drew, Christina H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Van Houten, Bennett] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Liebow, E (reprint author), Battelle Hlth & Life Sci, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM liebowe@battelle.org OI Liebow, Edward/0000-0002-1101-629X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [HHSP23320045006XI/T.O, HHSP233000015T] FX This work was completed with support from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) contract HHSP23320045006XI/T.O HHSP233000015T. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 7 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800476 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 465WV UT WOS:000267621200036 PM 19654926 ER PT J AU Kramer, MG Firestone, M Kavlock, R Zenick, H AF Kramer, Melissa G. Firestone, Michael Kavlock, Robert Zenick, Harold TI The Future of Toxicity Testing for Environmental Contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Firestone, Michael] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kavlock, Robert; Zenick, Harold] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kramer, Melissa G.] US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Kramer.melissa@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 7 BP A283 EP A284 DI 10.1289/ehp.12891 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 465WV UT WOS:000267621200002 PM 19654891 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Macauley, JM Harwell, LC Chancy, CA AF Smith, Lisa M. Macauley, John M. Harwell, Linda C. Chancy, Cynthia A. TI Water Quality in the Near Coastal Waters of the Gulf of Mexico Affected by Hurricane Katrina: Before and After the Storm SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alabama; Assessment; Coastal waters; Estuaries; Gulf of Mexico; Hurricane Katrina; Louisiana; Mississippi; Probabilistic survey; Water quality ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; MULTIPLE HURRICANES; PAMLICO SOUND; IMPACTS; RIVER; BAY; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARIES; RECOVERY; ATLANTIC AB Water quality was assessed following Hurricane Katrina in the affected waters of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Post-landfall water quality was compared to pre-hurricane conditions using indicators assessed by EPA's National Coastal Assessment program and additional indicators of contaminants in water and pathogens. Water quality data collected after Hurricane Katrina suggest that the coastal waters affected by the storm exhibited higher salinity and concentrations of chlorophyll a, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and total suspended solids following the storm compared to the previous 5-year averages. Higher bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations and light attenuation were also observed. Contaminant concentrations measured in the water column were very low or undetectable, as were the presence of pathogens. Overall water quality did not significantly differ from water quality assessed in the five years preceding the storm. Statistical analyses indicate that use of a probabilistic survey design is appropriate for making pre-storm and post storm comparisons for water quality condition on an areal basis. C1 [Smith, Lisa M.; Macauley, John M.; Harwell, Linda C.; Chancy, Cynthia A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov; macauley.john@epa.gov; harwell.linda@epa.gov; chancy.cynthia@epa.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9300-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462GM UT WOS:000267339100013 PM 19484287 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, M Liu, YQ Hartmann, H Stewart, S Wagener, T Semmens, D Stewart, R Gupta, H Dominguez, D Dominguez, F Hulse, D Letcher, R Rashleigh, B Smith, C Street, R Ticehurst, J Twery, M van Delden, H Waldick, R White, D Winter, L AF Mahmoud, Mohammed Liu, Yuqiong Hartmann, Holly Stewart, Steven Wagener, Thorsten Semmens, Darius Stewart, Robert Gupta, Hoshin Dominguez, Damian Dominguez, Francina Hulse, David Letcher, Rebecca Rashleigh, Brenda Smith, Court Street, Roger Ticehurst, Jenifer Twery, Mark van Delden, Hedwig Waldick, Ruth White, Denis Winter, Larry TI A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Alternative futures; Decision-making; Scenario analysis; Scenarios; Scenario planning; Uncertainty ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; MODEL; LAND; TOOL; METHODOLOGY; ASIA AB Scenarios are possible future states of the world that represent alternative plausible conditions under different assumptions. Often, scenarios are developed in a context relevant to stakeholders involved in their applications since the evaluation of scenario outcomes and implications can enhance decision-making activities. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of scenario development and proposes a formal approach to scenario development in environmental decision-making. The discussion of current issues in scenario studies includes advantages and obstacles in utilizing a formal scenario development framework, and the different forms of uncertainty inherent in scenario development, as well as how they should be treated. An appendix for common scenario terminology has been attached for clarity. Major recommendations for future research in this area include proper consideration of uncertainty in scenario studies in particular in relation to stakeholder relevant information, construction of scenarios that are more diverse in nature, and sharing of information and resources among the scenario development research community. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahmoud, Mohammed; Stewart, Steven; Gupta, Hoshin; Dominguez, Francina] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hartmann, Holly] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Semmens, Darius] USGS Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dominguez, Damian] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Dominguez, Damian] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hulse, David] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Letcher, Rebecca] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, Court] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Street, Roger] UKCIP OUCE, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Ticehurst, Jenifer] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Twery, Mark] USDA Forest Serv Sci Technol & Appl Results, No Res Stn Program, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [van Delden, Hedwig] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [Waldick, Ruth] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Winter, Larry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mahmoud, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mahmoud@email.arizona.edu RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Ticehurst, Jenifer/B-7707-2011; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012; Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012; OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-8186-7559 FU US National Science Foundation Science; Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) [EAR-9876800] FX Support for this research was provided by the US National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) under Grant EAR-9876800. The research described in this article has been subjected to the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435KC UT WOS:000265341800003 ER PT J AU Munn, MD Waite, IR Larsen, DP Herlihy, AT AF Munn, Mark D. Waite, Ian R. Larsen, David P. Herlihy, Alan T. TI The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrates; Ecoregions; Habitat; Geographic location ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATIONS; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; USA; COMMUNITIES; MICRODISTRIBUTION AB The objective of this study was to determine the relative influence of reach-specific habitat variables and geographic location on benthic invertebrate assemblages within six ecoregions across the Western USA. This study included 417 sites from six ecoregions. A total of 301 taxa were collected with the highest richness associated with ecoregions dominated by streams with coarse substrate (19-29 taxa per site). Lowest richness (seven to eight taxa per site) was associated with ecoregions dominated by fine-grain substrate. Principle component analysis (PCA) on reach-scale habitat separated the six ecoregions into those in high-gradient mountainous areas (Coast Range, Cascades, and Southern Rockies) and those in lower-gradient ecoregions (Central Great Plains and Central California Valley). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) models performed best in ecoregions dominated by coarse-grain substrate and high taxa richness, along with coarse-grain substrates sites combined from multiple ecoregions regardless of location. In contrast, ecoregions or site combinations dominated by fine-grain substrate had poor model performance (high stress). Four NMS models showed that geographic location (i.e. latitude and longitude) was important for: (1) all ecoregions combined, (2) all sites dominated by coarse-grain sub strate combined, (3) Cascades Ecoregion, and (4) Columbia Ecoregion. Local factors (i.e. substrate or water temperature) seem to be overriding factors controlling invertebrate composition across the West, regardless of geographic location. C1 [Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, WED, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Munn, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM mdmunn@usgs.gov FU USEPA EMAP; NAWQA FX The research used in this paper was funded in part by the USEPA EMAP program and the USEPA star grant, along with the U. S. Geological Survey NAWQA program. The authors thank the EMAP and NAWQA teams involved in the collection of data within the six ecoregions. We also thank PatrickMoran and Jason May for their colleague review, along with the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468MT UT WOS:000267824400001 PM 18629444 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Charpentier, MA Wigand, C AF McKinney, Richard A. Charpentier, Michael A. Wigand, Cathleen TI Assessing the wildlife habitat value of New England salt marshes: I. Model and application SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Wildlife habitat; Assessment; Biodiversity; Marsh restoration; New England; Narragansett Bay ID LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; MOVEMENTS; ESTUARY; AREA AB We developed an assessment model to quantify the wildlife habitat value of New England salt marshes based on marsh characteristics and the presence of habitat types that influence habitat use by terrestrial wildlife. Applying the model to 12 salt marshes located in Narragansett Bay, RI resulted in assessment scores that ranged over a factor of 1.5 from lowest to highest. Pre-classifying the results based on marsh size and morphology helped to compare assessment scores between marshes, and demonstrated that even the lower ranking marshes had substantial habitat value. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of assessment scores and model components demonstrated that salt marsh morphology, the degree of anthropogenic modification, and salt marsh vegetative heterogeneity were significant variables and accounted for 91.3% of the variability in component scores. Our results suggest that targeting these components for restoration may lead to improved assessment scores for our study marshes. We also examined the use of lower resolution remote sensing data in the assessment in order to minimize the time and effort required to complete the model. Scores obtained using smaller-scale, lower resolution data were significantly lower than those obtained using larger-scale, higher resolution data (df = 11; t = 2.2; p < 0.001). The difference was significantly positively correlated with the portion of the assessment score that could be attributed to trees, pools, and pannes and marsh size (r (2) =0.50, F = 4.6, p = 0.04), and could indicate a bias against smaller, more heterogeneous marshes. We conclude that potential differences need to be weighed against the time benefit of using this type of data, bearing in mind the marsh size and the goals of the assessment. Overall, our assessment can provide information to aid in prioritizing marshes for protection and restoration, identify marshes that may harbor significant biodiversity, or help monitor changes in habitat value over time. C1 [McKinney, Richard A.; Wigand, Cathleen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Charpentier, Michael A.] Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [AED-07-100] FX We thank Dan Campbell, James Lake, and Suzanne Lussier for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-07-100. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0375-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468MT UT WOS:000267824400004 PM 18592388 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Charpentier, MA Wigand, C AF McKinney, Richard A. Charpentier, Michael A. Wigand, Cathleen TI Assessing the wildlife habitat value of New England salt marshes: II. Model testing and validation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Wildlife habitat; Assessment; Biodiversity; New England; Greenwich Bay; Ardeidae; Wading birds ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; BUFFER ZONES; RESOURCE USE; WETLAND; HERONS; BIRDS; EGRETS; LANDSCAPE; REPTILES AB We tested a previously described model to assess the wildlife habitat value of New England salt marshes by comparing modeled habitat values and scores with bird abundance and species richness at sixteen salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island USA. As a group, wildlife habitat value assessment scores for the marshes ranged from 307-509, or 31-67% of the maximum attainable score. We recorded 6 species of wading birds (Ardeidae; herons, egrets, and bitterns) at the sites during biweekly survey. Species richness (r (2)=0.24, F=4.53, p=0.05) and abundance (r (2)=0.26, F=5.00, p=0.04) of wading birds significantly increased with increasing assessment score. We optimized our assessment model for wading birds by using Akaike information criteria (AIC) to compare a series of models comprised of specific components and categories of our model that best reflect their habitat use. The model incorporating pre-classification, wading bird habitat categories, and natural land surrounding the sites was substantially supported by AIC analysis as the best model. The abundance of wading birds significantly increased with increasing assessment scores generated with the optimized model (r (2)=0.48, F=12.5, p=0.003), demonstrating that optimizing models can be helpful in improving the accuracy of the assessment for a given species or species assemblage. In addition to validating the assessment model, our results show that in spite of their urban setting our study marshes provide substantial wildlife habitat value. This suggests that even small wetlands in highly urbanized coastal settings can provide important wildlife habitat value if key habitat attributes (e.g., natural buffers, habitat heterogeneity) are present. C1 [McKinney, Richard A.; Wigand, Cathleen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Charpentier, Michael A.] Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Jim Lake, Dan Campbell, Steve Ryba, and Walter Berry for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-07-101. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0403-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468MT UT WOS:000267824400031 PM 18597178 ER PT J AU Becker, DS Sexton, JE Jacobs, LA Hogarty, B Keeley, K AF Becker, D. Scott Sexton, Jane E. Jacobs, Lucinda A. Hogarty, Barry Keeley, Karen TI Biological responses to sediment remediation based on thin layer placement near a former pulp mill in Ward Cove, AK (USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Benthic macroinvertebrates; Organic enrichment; Sediment toxicity; Thin layer placement ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; MAINLAND SHELF; MACROBENTHOS AB In 2001, 28 acres of the bottom of Ward Cove, AK (USA) were remediated using thin layer placement, to enhance the natural recovery of contaminated sediments. The remediated areas were part of an 80-acre area of concern identified offshore from the site of a former sulfite pulp mill. The primary chemicals of concern were those commonly associated with organic enrichment near pulp mills: ammonia and 4-methylphenol. The primary remedial objectives were to reduce the toxicity of the contaminated sediments and to stimulate colonization of the remediated areas by benthic macroinvertebrates. In 2004, the initial monitoring event for the remediated areas was conducted, and included evaluations of physical/chemical sediment variables (i.e., total organic carbon, grain size distribution, ammonia, and 4-methylphenol), sediment toxicity (i.e., using the 10-day amphipod survival test with Eohaustorius estuarius), and in situ benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Results of the monitoring event showed that conditions in the remediated areas had improved considerably in the 3 years since thin layer placement had occurred. At most stations, concentrations of both ammonia and 4-methylphenol were very low, and amphipod survival was a parts per thousand yen90%. In addition, benthic macroinvertebrates appeared to be rapidly colonizing the remediated areas, based on evaluations of several community metrics (i.e., taxa richness, diversity, and dominance), as well as key indicator species of organic enrichment and associated transitional areas (i.e., primarily the polychaetes Capitella capitata and Nephtys cornuta, and the bivalve molluscs Axinopsida serricata and Parvilucina tenuisculpta). In general, colonization was consistent with the patterns identified for areas recovering from organic enrichment on the continental shelf of southern California and elsewhere. Based on these results, thin layer placement was considered successful in enhancing the natural recovery of the remediated sediments in Ward Cove. C1 [Becker, D. Scott; Jacobs, Lucinda A.] Integral Consulting Inc, Mercer Isl, WA 98040 USA. [Becker, D. Scott; Sexton, Jane E.] Exponent Inc, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. [Hogarty, Barry] TECS AK, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Keeley, Karen] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Becker, DS (reprint author), Integral Consulting Inc, 7900 SE 28th St, Mercer Isl, WA 98040 USA. EM sbecker@integral-corp.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0409-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468MT UT WOS:000267824400037 PM 18677548 ER PT J AU White, EM Keeler, GJ Landis, MS AF White, Emily M. Keeler, Gerald J. Landis, Matthew S. TI Spatial Variability of Mercury Wet Deposition in Eastern Ohio: Summertime Meteorological Case Study Analysis of Local Source Influences SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; LAKE MICHIGAN; METHYLMERCURY; FISH AB Extensive exploration of event precipitation data in the Ohio River Valley indicates that coal combustion emissions play an important role in mercury (Hg) wet deposition. During July-September 2006, an intensive study was undertaken to discern the degree of local source influence. Source-receptor relationships were explored by establishing a set of wet deposition sites in and around Steubenville, Ohio. For the three month period of study, volume-weighted mean Hg concentrations observed at the eight sites ranged from 10.2 to 22.3 ng L(-1), but this range increased drastically on an event basis with a maximum concentration of 89.4 ng L(-1) and a minimum concentration of 4.1 ng L(-1). subset of events was explored in depth, and the degree of variability in Hg concentrations between sites was linked to the degree of local source enhancement Samples collected at sites less than 1 km from coal-fired utility stacks (near-field) exhibited up to 72% enhancement in Hg concentrations over regionally representative samples on an event basis. Air mass transport and precipitating cell histories were traced in order to evaluate relationships between local point sources and receptor sites. It was found that the interaction of several dynamic atmospheric parameters combined to favor local Hg concentration enhancement over the more regional contribution. When significant meteorological factors (wind speed at time of maximum rain rate, wind speed 24 h prior to precipitation, mixing height and observed,ceiling) were explored, it was estimated that during summertime precipitation, 42% of Hg concentration in near-field samples could be attributed to the adjacent coal-fired utility source. C1 [White, Emily M.; Keeler, Gerald J.] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keeler, GJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jkeeler@umich.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development [R-82971601-0, EP07D000572] FX This work has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, through cooperative agreement R-82971601-0 and Student Services Contract EP07D000572. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Jim Barres and Ali Kamal of the University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory (UMAQL) for managing laboratory support operations; Dr. James Slater (Franciscan University) for on-site logistical support; and Brie Van Darn, David Reed, Naima Hall, and Lynne Gratz (UMAQL) for sample preparation and collection support. Additional thanks to Daniel Walls of Belmont County Sewer, Clarence Thompson and Tim Vittori of the Allegheny County Parks Department, Todd Metz of the Ohio Department of Natural Resource, and Todd Davis of Future Farmers of America (FFA) Camp Muskingham. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 13 BP 4946 EP 4953 DI 10.1021/es803214h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ME UT WOS:000267435500052 PM 19673290 ER PT J AU Joo, SH Al-Abed, SR Luxton, T AF Joo, Sung Hee Al-Abed, Souhail R. Luxton, Todd TI Influence of Carboxymethyl Cellulose for the Transport of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Clean Silica and Mineral-Coated Sands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; POROUS-MEDIA; IRON NANOPARTICLES; IONIC-STRENGTH; ADSORPTION; AGGREGATION; DEPOSITION; SIZE; STABILIZATION; WATER AB The transport proper-des of titanium dioxide (anatase polymorph) nanoparticles encapsulated by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were evaluated as a function of changes in the solute chemical properties in clean quartz, amorphous aluminum, and iron hydroxide-coated sands. While pristine anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles (ANTNPs) were completely immobile, the presence of CMC significantly enhanced their mobility. The magnitude of the surface charge exhibited by the CMC-coated anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles (CMC-ANTNPs) significantly exceeded that of the uncoated ANTNPs, thereby leading to a negative surface charge over the pH range investigated (2-10). The mobility of CMC-ANTNPs was retarded by the presence of amorphous Fe and Al hydroxide, Na(+) (30 mM), and Ca(2+) (30 mM). Removal of CMC-ANTNPs was more significant in the presence of either Ca(2+) or Fe-hydroxide. More retardation and incomplete breakthrough of the CMC-ANTNPs was observed in the mineral-coated sands. This is possibly due to an order of magnitude increase in the surface area of miner l-coated sands compared with the clean quartz sand grains and the potential for chelation between CMC bound to ANTNPs and Fe and Al hydroxides. Chemical-colloidal interactions such as chemicomplexation and ligand exchange were the most important factor controlling mobility of CMC-ANTNPs in mineral-coated sands. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Luxton, Todd] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Joo, Sung Hee] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio; Ohio Board of Reagents FX This research was funded by and conducted at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We acknowledge Dr. Dionysios Dionysiou Of the University of Cincinnati for providing access to use the Tristar 3000 BET-surface area analyzer that was funded by Ohio Board of Reagents, and Mr. Miguel Pelaez for his assistance for surface area measurement. Dr. Mallikarjuna Nadagouda is acknowledged for performing XRD and EDX analysis. We greatly appreciate the insightful comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 13 BP 4954 EP 4959 DI 10.1021/es900329d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ME UT WOS:000267435500053 PM 19673291 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Pollard, AI Carlisle, DM AF Yuan, Lester L. Pollard, Amina I. Carlisle, Daren M. TI USING PROPENSITY SCORES TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON STREAM INVERTEBRATES FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Insecticides; Observational data; Propensity scores; Streams; Macroinvertebrates ID FEDERALLY-MANDATED BAN; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; CAUSAL INFERENCE; SURFACE WATERS; LAND-USE; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; CONTAMINATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; DISTURBANCE AB Analyses of observational data can provide insights into relationships between environmental conditions and biological responses across a broader range of natural conditions than experimental studies, potentially complementing insights gained from experiments. However, observational data must be analyzed carefully to minimize the likelihood that confounding variables bias observed relationships. Propensity scores provide a robust approach for controlling for the effects of measured confounding variables when analyzing observational data. Here, we use propensity scores to estimate changes in mean invertebrate taxon richness in streams that have experienced insecticide concentrations that exceed aquatic life use benchmark concentrations. A simple comparison of richness in sites exposed to elevated insecticides with those that were not exposed suggests that exposed sites had on average 6.8 fewer taxa compared to unexposed sites. The presence of potential confounding variables makes it difficult to assert a causal relationship from this simple comparison. After controlling for confounding factors using propensity scores, the difference in richness between exposed and unexposed sites was reduced to 4.1 taxa, a difference that was still statistically significant. Because the propensity score analysis controlled for the effects of a wide variety of possible confounding variables, we infer that the change in richness observed in the propensity score analysis was likely caused by insecticide exposure. C1 [Yuan, Lester L.; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1518 EP 1527 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457XM UT WOS:000266969500021 PM 19215187 ER PT J AU Baird, DD Travlos, G Wilson, R Dunson, DB Hill, MC D'Aloisio, AA London, SJ Schectman, JM AF Baird, Donna D. Travlos, Greg Wilson, Ralph Dunson, David B. Hill, Michael C. D'Aloisio, Aimee A. London, Stephanie J. Schectman, Joel M. TI Uterine Leiomyomata in Relation to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Insulin, and Diabetes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEINS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE TISSUES; IGF-I; TUMORIGENIC FACTORS; EXPRESSION PROFILE; HUMAN MYOMETRIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN AB Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin stimulate cell proliferation in uterine leiomyoma (fibroid) tissue. We hypothesized that circulating levels of these proteins would be associated with increased prevalence and size of uterine fibroids. Methods: Participants were 35-49-year-old, randomly selected members of an urban health plan who were enrolled in the study in 1996-1999. Premenopausal participants were screened for fibroids with ultrasound. Fasting blood samples were collected. Associations between fibroids and diabetes, plasma IGF-I, IGF binding protein 3 (BP3), and insulin were evaluated for blacks (n = 585) and whites (n 403) by using multiple logistic regression. Results: IGF-I showed no association with fibroids in blacks, but in whites the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for both mid and upper tertiles compared with the lowest tertile were 0.6 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.3-1.0 and 0.4-1.1, respectively). Insulin and diabetes both tended to be inversely associated with fibroids in blacks. The insulin association was with large fibroids; aOR for the upper insulin tertile relative to the lowest was 0.4 (0.2-0.9). The aOR for diabetes was 0.5 (0.2-1.0). Associations of insulin and diabetes with fibroids were weak for whites. Binding protein 3 showed no association with fibroids. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, high circulating IGF-I and insulin were not related to increased fibroid prevalence. Instead, there was suggestion of the opposite. The inverse association with diabetes, although based on small numbers, is consistent with previously reported findings. Future studies might investigate vascular dysfunction as a mediator between hyperinsulinemia or diabetes and possible reduced risk of fibroids. (Epidemiology 2009-120: 604-610) C1 [Baird, Donna D.; D'Aloisio, Aimee A.; London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Travlos, Greg; Wilson, Ralph] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Clin Pathol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hill, Michael C.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Schectman, Joel M.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Care Sci, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Baird, DD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, A3-05,111 TW Alexander,Bldg 101,Rm 308,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM baird@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Office of Research on Minority Health; National Institutes of Health; HHS FX Supported by the intramural program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences with support from the Office of Research on Minority Health, National Institutes of Health, HHS. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31819d8d3f PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 458YJ UT WOS:000267065500020 PM 19305350 ER PT J AU Boothman, WS Coiro, LL AF Boothman, Warren S. Coiro, Laura L. TI Laboratory Determination of Molybdenum Accumulation Rates as a Measure of Hypoxic Conditions SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Molybdenum; Sediments; Dissolved oxygen; Hypoxia ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TRACE-METALS; URANIUM; MO; GEOCHEMISTRY; RHENIUM; WATERS; RE AB Enrichment of molybdenum (Mo) in reducing sediments due to authigenic fixation in anoxic interstitial waters could provide an indicator of hypoxic conditions that integrates over substantial temporal extents. Sediments maintained under controlled dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions showed elevated concentrations of Mo when exposed to low DO concentrations. Mo accumulation was linearly related to time of exposure in treatments below 2.8 mg O(2)/L, with less or no accumulation at higher concentrations. Rates of accumulation were independent of DO concentration below 2.8 mg/L. Accumulation occurred at DO concentrations higher than those limiting accumulation in field settings, with rates in the lowest treatments similar to those in sediments of deep basins with restricted circulation and low DO concentrations. C1 [Boothman, Warren S.; Coiro, Laura L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Boothman, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM boothman.warren@epa.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 642 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9163-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 456CE UT WOS:000266815300004 ER PT J AU Urich, D Soberanes, S Burgess, Z Chiarella, SE Ghio, AJ Ridge, KM Kamp, DW Chandel, NS Mutlu, GM Budinger, GRS AF Urich, Daniela Soberanes, Saul Burgess, Zach Chiarella, Sergio E. Ghio, Andrew J. Ridge, Karen M. Kamp, David W. Chandel, Navdeep S. Mutlu, Goekhan M. Budinger, G. R. Scott TI Proapoptotic Noxa is required for particulate matter-induced cell death and lung inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; oxidant; bax; air pollution ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; APOPTOSIS; MORTALITY; PARTICLES; PATHWAY; DISEASE; HEALTH; CITIES AB Elevated ambient levels of particulate matter air pollution are associated with excess daily mortality, largely attributable to increased rates of cardiovascular events. We have previously reported that particulate matter induces p53-dependent apoptosis in primary human alveolar epithelial cells. Activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by p53 often requires the transcription of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Noxa, Puma, or both. In this study, we exposed alveolar epithelial cells in culture and mice to fine particulate matter <2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) collected from the ambient air in Washington, D. C. Exposure to PM2.5 induced apoptosis in primary alveolar epithelial cells from wild-type but not Noxa(-/-) mice. Twenty-four hours after the intratracheal instillation of PM2.5, wildtype mice showed increased apoptosis in the lung and increased levels of mRNA encoding Noxa but not Puma. These changes were associated with increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane and inflammation. All of these findings were absent or attenuated in Noxa(-/-) animals. We conclude that PM(2.5)-induced cell death requires Noxa both in vitro and in vivo and that Noxa-dependent cell death might contribute to PM-induced alveolar epithelial dysfunction and the resulting inflammatory response.-Urich, D., Soberanes, S., Burgess, Z., Chiarella, S. E., Ghio, A. J., Ridge, K. M., Kamp, D. W., Chandel, N. S., Mutlu, G. M., Budinger, G. R. S. Proapoptotic Noxa is required for particulate matter-induced cell death and lung inflammation. FASEB J. 23, 2055-2064 (2009) C1 [Urich, Daniela; Soberanes, Saul; Burgess, Zach; Chiarella, Sergio E.; Ridge, Karen M.; Kamp, David W.; Chandel, Navdeep S.; Mutlu, Goekhan M.; Budinger, G. R. Scott] Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Budinger, GRS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, 240 E Huron,McGaw Pavil M300, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-buding@northwestern.edu FU NIH [HL071643, GM060472, HL067835, ES015024, ES013995]; The American Lung Association FX The authors thank Dr. Jacob Sznajder and Dr. David Green for their advice during the performance of these experiments and preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants HL071643, GM060472, HL067835, ES015024, and ES013995, and by The American Lung Association. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2055 EP 2064 DI 10.1096/fj.08-114546 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 481UC UT WOS:000268836500006 PM 19237507 ER PT J AU Che-Alota, V Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Sauck, WA Werkema, DD AF Che-Alota, Vukenkeng Atekwana, Estella A. Atekwana, Eliot A. Sauck, William A. Werkema, D. Dale, Jr. TI Temporal geophysical signatures from contaminant-mass remediation SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electrical conductivity; ground penetrating radar; groundwater; hydrological techniques; soil; soil pollution; water pollution ID BULK ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; LNAPL PLUME; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; ATTENUATION ANALYSIS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ACCEPTING PROCESSES; ANOXIC GROUNDWATER; DC RESISTIVITY; CRUDE-OIL AB We have previously documented changes in bulk electrical conductivity, self-potential (SP), and ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) reflections in a field setting caused by biogeochemical transformations of hydrocarbon-contaminated media. These transformations are associated with hydrocarbon biodegradation. The results of surface geophysical surveys acquired in 1996, 2003, and 2007 document changes in geophysical signatures associated with removing hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated zone. Initial investigations in 1996 showed that relative to background, the contaminated area was characterized by higher bulk electrical conductivity, positive SP anomaly, and attenuated GPR reflections. Repeated surveys in 2003 and 2007 over the contaminated area showed that in 2007, the bulk electrical conductivityhad reverted to near-background conditions, the positive SP anomaly became more negative, and the zone of attenuated GPR reflections showed increased signal strength. Removal of hydrocarbon mass in the vadose zone over the plume by a soil vapor-extraction system installed in 2001 was primarily responsible for the changing geophysical responses. Although chemical data from groundwater showed a 3-m-thick con-ductive plume in 2007, the plume was not imaged by elec-trical resistivity. Forward modeling suggests that apparent bulk electrical conductivity of the saturated zone plume has to be three to five times higher than background values to be imaged by electrical resistivity. We suggest that removing hydrocarbon-contaminant-mass reduction by natural or engineered bioremediation can be imaged effectively by temporal geophysical surveys. C1 [Che-Alota, Vukenkeng; Atekwana, Estella A.; Atekwana, Eliot A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sauck, William A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Werkema, D. Dale, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Che-Alota, V (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM vukenkeng.che_alota@okstate.edu; estella.atekwana@okstate.edu; eliot.atekwana@okstate.edu; bill.sauck@wmich.edu; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov OI atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X; Sauck, William/0000-0003-2911-3044 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0651433, OCE 0433869, OCE 0729642]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [RFQ-RT-07-00183A] FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-0651433, OCE 0433869, and OCE 0729642) and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), grant RFQ-RT-07-00183A. The EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here under RFQ-RT-07-00183A to V. Che-Alota. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. We thank Wurtsmith Air Force Base authorities and Paul Rekowski for allowing us access to the site. Charles Major provided the historical groundwater chemistry data. We thank Caroline Davis, Jay Nolan, Ryan Joyce, Silvia Rossbach, and Gamal Abdel Aal for their help with data collection and processing. We also thank four anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve this manuscript. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP B113 EP B123 DI 10.1190/1.3139769 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 465PO UT WOS:000267599500009 ER PT J AU Havel, JE Medley, KA Dickerson, KD Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW Bukaveckas, PA Jicha, TM AF Havel, John E. Medley, Kim A. Dickerson, Kelli D. Angradi, Theodore R. Bolgrien, David W. Bukaveckas, Paul A. Jicha, Terri M. TI Effect of main-stem dams on zooplankton communities of the Missouri River (USA) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Rotifers; Copepods; Cladocerans; Reservoirs; Regulated rivers ID PLANKTONIC ROTIFERS; OHIO RIVER; ABUNDANCE; RESERVOIR; PHYTOPLANKTON; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY; HYDROLOGY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS AB The persistence of plankton in flowing water presents an enigma, i.e., how can populations be sustained while constantly losing individuals downriver? We examined the distribution and abundance of zooplankton from 146 sites on the Missouri River (USA) and found large shifts in the dominance of major taxa between management zones of this regulated river. Crustacean zooplankton were dominant in the inter-reservoir zone of the river, and their taxonomic composition was similar to regional lakes and reservoirs. The exponential decline of cladocerans and copepods with distance from main-stem dams suggests that conditions within the river are adverse to population growth and that reservoirs are the main source of these crustaceans in the river. Rotifers dominated in the channelized zone of the river. High algal biomass and rapid population growth rates likely allow persistence of rotifers in segments of the river that do not receive direct reservoir inputs. Rotifers were less abundant in the inter-reservoir zone, suggesting that their numbers are limited by internal processes, such as food or predators. Since zooplankton are known to be an important food for larval fishes in rivers, this shift of major taxa in regulated rivers has implications for river food webs. C1 [Havel, John E.; Medley, Kim A.; Dickerson, Kelli D.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Angradi, Theodore R.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Bukaveckas, Paul A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Havel, JE (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM johnhavel@missouristate.edu OI Bukaveckas, Paul/0000-0002-2636-7818 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP, http://www.epa.gov/emap/) for Great River Ecosystems. A project of this scale would not have been possible without the assistance of many individuals. We especially thank the three field crews for collecting samples and physico-chemical data from the Missouri River, and Jason Wolf and Carla Atkinson (MSU) for sampling the tributaries. We also appreciate the many insights gained from our discussions with EMAP collaborators, particularly John Chick, Anthony Aufdenkampe, Dave Walters, and the late Jeffrey Jack. The paper benefited from the careful insights of three anonymous reviewers. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 628 IS 1 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9750-8 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 444VG UT WOS:000266007900009 ER PT J AU Harbut, MR Endress, C Graff, JJ Weis, C Pass, H AF Harbut, Michael R. Endress, Carmen Graff, John J. Weis, Christopher Pass, Harvey TI Clinical Presentation of Asbestosis with Intractable Pleural Pain in the Adult Child of a Taconite Miner and Radiographic Demonstration of the Probable Pathology Causing the Pain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE taconite; pleuritic pain; asbestosis; asbestos-related disease; image processing; computer-assisted ID AIRBORNE ASBESTOS; BUILDINGS AB Taconite, although not classified by the United States Government as asbestos or asbestiform material, has been associated with asbestos-related diseases. The mineral is used in the production of steel and as a road-patch material and is mined in Michigan and Minnesota. This report describes the case of a middle-aged Caucasian woman with exposure to taconite mining dust from her miner father's clothing in childhood with a resultant presentation consistent with asbestosis and intractable pleural pain. Intractable Pleural pain has been described in asbestos-exposed patients with theorized etiologies. However, no in, vivo reported mechanism has demonstrated a plausible, anatomically apparent mechanism for the pain. We utilize an application of the Vitrea (R) software for enhancement of high-resolution computerized tomography which demonstrates at least one likely mechanism for intractable pleural pain. C1 [Harbut, Michael R.; Endress, Carmen; Graff, John J.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Weis, Christopher] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Pass, Harvey] NYU, Dept Thorac Surg, New York, NY USA. RP Graff, JJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Karmanos Canc Inst, 110 E Warren Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM graffj@karmanos.org NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475MC UT WOS:000268362600005 PM 19650581 ER PT J AU Schock, MR Sandvig, AM AF Schock, Michael R. Sandvig, Anne M. TI Long-term effects of orthophosphate treatment on copper concentration SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BY-PRODUCT RELEASE AB Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) compliance monitoring is intentionally biased toward sites that exhibit elevated lead rather than elevated copper, but water utilities-especially those with higher percentages of newer copper piping-need to be aware that copper concentrations above the action level (AL) may be present in their systems. Orthophosphate doses at sufficient concentrations can help high-alkalinity groundwater systems (even those with new plumbing) meet the copper AL. The theoretical cupric-hydroxide copper-solubility model predicts that as pipe ages, tenorite or malachite forms and predominates as the surface phase, lowering copper levels. Orthophosphate dosing, however, can prevent the reduction of copper solubility over years and decades, with the result that systems which do not use corrosion inhibitors likely will experience copper levels lower than what would be achieved with orthophosphate. Using the information presented here, water suppliers will be better able to evaluate the tradeoff between orthophosphate treatment versus pH and/or alkalinity adjustment to meet the LCR. C1 [Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Schock, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. EM schock.michael@epa.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 101 IS 7 BP 71 EP + PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 473IN UT WOS:000268199700010 ER PT J AU Pleim, JE Gilliam, R AF Pleim, Jonathan E. Gilliam, Robert TI An Indirect Data Assimilation Scheme for Deep Soil Temperature in the Pleim-Xiu Land Surface Model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LOW-LEVEL PARAMETERS; FORCE-RESTORE METHOD; PART I; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; MOISTURE; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION AB The Pleim-Xiu land surface model (PX LSM) has been improved by the addition of a second indirect data assimilation scheme. The first, which was described previously, is a technique in which soil moisture is nudged according to the biases in 2-m air temperature and relative humidity between the model-and observation-based analyses. The new technique involves nudging the deep soil temperature in the soil temperature force restore (FR) model according to model bias in 2-m air temperature only during nighttime. While the FR technique is computationally efficient and very accurate for the special conditions for which it was derived, it is very dependent on the deep soil temperature that drives the restoration term of the surface soil temperature equation. Thus, adjustment of the deep soil temperature to optimize the 2-m air temperature during the night, when surface forcing is minimal, provides significant advantages over other methods of deep soil moisture initialization. Simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) using the PX LSM with and without the new deep soil temperature nudging scheme demonstrate substantial benefits of the new scheme for reducing error and bias of the 2-m air temperature. The effects of the new nudging scheme are most pronounced in the winter (January 2006) during which the model's cold bias is greatly reduced. Air temperature error and bias are also reduced in a summer simulation (August 2006) with the greatest benefits in less vegetated and more arid regions. Thus, the deep temperature nudging scheme complements the soil moisture nudging scheme because it is most effective for conditions in which the soil moisture scheme is least effective, that is, when evapotranspiration is not important (winter and arid climates). C1 [Pleim, Jonathan E.; Gilliam, Robert] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleim, JE (reprint author), 1003 Alden Bridge Dr, Cary, NC 27519 USA. EM pleim.jon@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1362 EP 1376 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2053.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474NS UT WOS:000268291700006 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Webber, TD Dean, TR Betancourt, DA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Webber, T. D. Dean, T. R. Betancourt, D. A. TI Mold Growth on Gypsum Wallboard-A Summary of Three Techniques SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; EFFICACY AB Reducing occupant exposure to mold growing on damp gypsum wallboard and controlling mold contamination in the indoor environment was studied through 1) delineation of environmental conditions required to promote and avoid mold growth and 2) efficacy testing of antimicrobial products, specifically cleaners and paints, on gypsum wallboard (GWB) surfaces. The effects of moisture and relative humidity (RH) on mold growth and transport are important in avoiding and eliminating problems. These effects have been demonstrated on GWB and are discussed in this article for use as control guidance. The authors discuss the efficacy of antimicrobial cleaners and paints to remove, eliminate, or control mold growth on GWB. Research to control Stachybotrys chartarum growth using 13 separate antimicrobial cleaners and nine varieties of antimicrobial paint on contaminated GWB was performed in laboratory testing. GWB surfaces were subjected to high RE GWB control measures are summarized and combined, and the antimicrobial product results are explained. C1 [Menetrez, M. Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471WP UT WOS:000268089300005 PM 19681385 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Vose, JM Knoepp, J Geron, CD AF Walker, John T. Vose, James M. Knoepp, Jennifer Geron, Christopher D. TI Recovery of Nitrogen Pools and Processes in Degraded Riparian Zones in the Southern Appalachians SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; GRAZED SWARDS; WATER-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS AB Establishment of riparian buffers is an effective method For reducing nutrient input to streams. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes are not fully understood. The objective of this 4-yr study was to examine the effects of riparian zone restoration on soil N cycling mechanisms in a mountain pasture previously degraded by cattle. Soil inorganic N Pools, fluxes, and transformation mechanisms were compared across the following experimental treatments: (i) a restored area with vegetation regrowth; (ii) a degraded riparian area with simulated effects of continued grazing by compaction, vegetation removal, and nutrient addition (+N); and (iii) a degraded riparian area with simulated compaction and vegetation removal only (-N). Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in overland flow were >90% lower in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (+N) treatment. Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations decreased more rapidly in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (-N) following cattle (Bos taurus) exclusion. Mineralization and nitrification rates in the restored treatment were similar to the degraded (-N) treatment and, on average, 75% lower than in the degraded (+N) treatment. Nitrogen trace gas fluxes indicated chat restoration increased the relative importance of denitrification, relative to nitrification, as a pathway by which N is diverted from the receiving stream to the atmosphere. Changes in soil nutrient cycling mechanisms following restoration of the degraded riparian zone were primarily driven by cessation of N inputs. The recovery rate, however, was influenced by the rate of vegetation regrowth. C1 [Walker, John T.; Geron, Christopher D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vose, James M.; Knoepp, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Research Triangle Park, NC FX We appreciate the technical support of Wayne Fowler (U.S. EPA) and Bill Preston (U.S. EPA). We also thank Siler Slagle for site access. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of a commercial product by U.S. EPA or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1399 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0259 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800005 PM 19465714 ER PT J AU Floyd, WC Schoenholtz, SH Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ Steiner, JJ AF Floyd, William C. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Griffith, Stephen M. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Steiner, Jeffrey J. TI Nitrate-Nitrogen, Land Use/Land Cover, and Soil Drainage Associations at Multiple Spatial Scales SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL STREAM; RIPARIAN ZONES; PERSPECTIVE; FOREST; ATTRIBUTES; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; PROXIMITY; CATCHMENT AB Managing non-point-source pollution of water requires knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) influences at altering watershed scales. To gain improved understanding of relationships among LULC, Soil drainage, and dissolved nitrate-N dynamics within the Calapooia River Basin in western Oregon, we selected 44 watersheds ranging in size between 3 and 33 km(2) for monthly synoptic sampling of surface water quality between October 2003 and September 2004. Seasonal associations were examined between dissolved nicrate-N and proportion of woody vegetation or poorly drained soils at differing scales (10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 150, 300 m, and entire watershed), which we defined as influence zones (IZs), surrounding stream networks. Correlations between nitrate-N and proportion woody vegetation or poorly drained soil at each IZ were analyzed for differences using the Hotelling-Williams test. We observed negative correlations (r = -0.81 to -0.94) between nitrate-N and proportion of woody vegetation during winter and spring. Poorly drained soils had positive correlations (r = 0.63-0.87) with nitrate-N. Altering the scale of analysis significantly changed correlations between nitrare-N and woody vegetation, with IZs < 150 m being stronger than the watershed scale during winter. However, absolute differences in correlation values were small, indicating minimal ecological consequence for significant differences among scales. In contrast, nitrate-N correlations with poorly drained soil were stronger at the watershed scale than the 10- through 90-m IZs during winter and spring, and absolute differences were sufficient to suggest that scale is ecologically important when determining associations between dissolved nitrate-N and poorly drained soils. C1 [Floyd, William C.; Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Griffith, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Steiner, Jeffrey J.] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schoenholtz, SH (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, 210 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stephen.schoenholtz@vt.edu FU Forest Research Laboratory at Oregon State University; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The research reported in this paper was funded by the Forest Research Laboratory at Oregon State University and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The US Environmental Protection Agency provided in-kind support through the time of one of the co-authors. This paper has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. John Van Sickles statistical contributions and technical support of Machelle Nelson mid Donald Streeter are greatly appreciated. Field work was aided by Rebecca L'Hirondelle, Daniel Evans, and Chad Davis. Maryanne Reiter and Denise Hoffert-Hay were instrumental in providing landowner access and records. This paper benefited significantly from comments of Journal of Environmental Quality Associate Editor Larry Puckett and two anonymous reviewers. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1482 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0099 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800014 PM 19465723 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA Tolaymat, TM Scheckel, KG AF Impellitteri, Christopher A. Tolaymat, Thabet M. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI The Speciation of Silver Nanoparticles in Antimicrobial Fabric Before and After Exposure to a Hypochlorite/Detergent Solution SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Because of their antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles are often used in consumer products. To assess environmental and/or human health risks from these nanoparticles, there is a need to identify the chemical transformations chat silver nanoparticles undergo in different environments. Thus an antimicrobial sock material containing Ag nanoparticles was examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy to identify the speciation of Ag. The material was exposed to a hypochlorite/ detergent solution and subjected to agitation. An elemental Ag nanopowder was also exposed to the hypochlorite/detergent solution or to a 1 mol L(-1) NaCl solution. Results showed that the sock material nanoparticles consisted of elemental Ag. After exposure to the hypochlorite/detergent Solution, a significant portion (more than 50%) of the sock nanoparticles were converted, in situ, to AgCl. Results from exposures to elemental Ag nanopowder suggest that an oxidation step is necessary for the elemental Ag nanoparticles to transform into AgCl as there was no evidence of AgCl formation in the presence of chloride alone. As a result, if Ag ions leach from consumer products, any chloride present may quickly scavenge the ions. In addition, the efficacy of Ag, as an antimicrobial agent in fabrics, may be limited, or even negated, after washing in solutions containing oxidizers as AgCl is much less reactive than Ag ion. C1 [Impellitteri, Christopher A.; Tolaymat, Thabet M.; Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tolaymat, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 9 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1528 EP 1530 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0390 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800020 PM 19465729 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Hudgens, E Williams, R Andrews, G Neas, L Gallagher, J Ozkaynak, H AF Johnson, Markey Hudgens, Edward Williams, Ronald Andrews, Gina Neas, Lucas Gallagher, Jane Ozkaynak, Haluk TI A participant-based approach to indoor/outdoor air monitoring in community health studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE participant-based; air monitoring; air pollution; community health ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POLLUTION; CHILDREN; ASTHMA; EXPOSURES; QUALITY; BIRTH; HOMES; POPULATION AB Community health studies of traffic-related air pollution have been hampered by the cost and participant burden associated with collecting household-level exposure data. The current study utilized a participant-based approach to collect indoor and outdoor air monitoring data from 92 asthmatic and nonasthmatic children (9-13 years old) enrolled in two concurrent health studies in Detroit, Michigan (Mechanistic Indicators of Childhood Asthma and Detroit Children's Health Study) conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Passive samplers were shipped to participating households and deployed by parents of study participants to collect indoor and outdoor measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene. Half of the households deployed VOC and NO(2) samplers for 7 days; the other half deployed PAH and NO(2) samplers for 2 days and additional PAH samplers for 1 day. Approximately 88% of the households that received air sampling kits completed the air monitoring. Compliance was significantly higher among participants asked to deploy all samplers for 7 days (85%) compared with participants asked to deploy some samplers for 2 days and others for 1 day (56%). The 7-day homes were also more likely to provide usable data (96%) compared with the 1- and 2-day homes (73%). Compliance and providing usable data did not vary between parents of asthmatic versus nonasthmatic study participants and were not reduced among households deploying duplicate samplers. These results suggest that participant-based sampling may be a feasible and cost-effective alternative to traditional exposure assessment approaches that can be applied in future epidemiological and community-based health studies. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 492-501; doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.39; published online 9 July 2008 C1 [Johnson, Markey] US EPA, Human Studies Div MD 58A, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Johnson, Markey; Williams, Ronald; Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div MD 58A, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM johnson.marym@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 FU EPA/NERL machine shop FX We are grateful to willingness and the diligent efforts of all of the study participants who contributed tremendously to the success of this project. We recognize and greatly appreciate the contributions to this study by Dr. Zhihua Fan and Lin Lin at EOHSI with the preparation and analysis of the passive PAH samplers; Dr. Mike Wolfson and Denise Lamoureux at the Harvard School of Public Health with the preparation and analysis of the NO2 badges; and Larissa Altshul, Brian La Brecque and Jose Valero at the Harvard School of Public Health with the preparation and analyses of the VOC diffusion tubes. We are deeply indebted to James Quackenboss and Kent Thomas at EPA/NERL for their detailed and insightful feedback on draft versions of this manuscript. We also thank colleagues at EPA/NHEERL Pauline Mendola, Ann Williams, Chris Garlington, Eliza-beth Sams, Kristen Rappazzo, Peter Stone, Kay Williams, Scott Rhoney, Brooke Heidenfelder, Danelle Lobdell, Sharon Myers, Jeff Inmon, Walter Breyer, as well as Daniel Vallero at EPA/NERL and the EPA/NERL machine shop for their support and assistance during this project. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.39 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 468KX UT WOS:000267818200004 PM 18612325 ER PT J AU Golden, NJ Crouch, EA Latimer, H Kadry, AR Kause, J AF Golden, Neal J. Crouch, Edmund A. Latimer, Heejeong Kadry, Abdel-Razak Kause, Janell TI Risk Assessment for Clostridium perfringens in Ready-to-Eat and Partially Cooked Meat and Poultry Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; THERMAL INACTIVATION; SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; VEGETATIVE CELLS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; SPORES; SPICES; TEMPERATURE AB An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products was completed to estimate the effect on the annual frequency of illnesses of changing the allowed maximal 1-log growth of C. perfringens during stabilization (cooling after the manufacturing heat step). The exposure assessment modeled stabilization, storage, and consumer preparation such as reheating and hot-holding. The model predicted that assuming a 10- or 100-fold increase from the assumed 1-log (maximal allowable) growth of C. perfringens results in a 1.2- or 1.6-fold increase of C. perfringens-caused illnesses, respectively, at the median of the uncertainty distribution. Improper retail and consumer refrigeration accounted for approximately 90% of the 79,000 C. perfringens illnesses predicted by the model at 1-log growth during stabilization. Improper hot-holding accounted for 8% of predicted illnesses, although model limitations imply that this is an underestimate. Stabilization accounted for less than 1% of illnesses. Efforts to reduce illnesses from C. perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products should focus on retail and consumer storage and preparation methods. C1 [Golden, Neal J.; Latimer, Heejeong; Kause, Janell] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Crouch, Edmund A.] Cambridge Environm Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kadry, Abdel-Razak] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Golden, NJ (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM neal.golden@fsis.usda.gov NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1376 EP 1384 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800001 PM 19681258 ER PT J AU Shields, AR Smith, WO AF Shields, Amy R. Smith, Walker O. TI Size-fractionated photosynthesis/irradiance relationships during Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION; SHELF WATERS; GLOBOSA PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COASTAL WATERS; GROWTH-RATES; CELL-SIZE; IRON; ABUNDANCE AB In the Ross Sea, there are two major phytoplankton functional groups: diatoms and prymnesiophytes (dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica). Phaeocystis antarctica often occurs in colonial form, but also as solitary cells, and the two forms have distinct ecological roles. A comparison of the growth characteristics of solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis sp. is essential to understanding the differential impact each has on biogeochemical and ecological processes, and to allow parameterization of each form in numerical models. We measured the biomass and photosynthetic responses of two size fractions (> 20 and < 20 mu m), representing colonies and solitary cells, at locations dominated by P. antarctica to assess the relative photosynthetic potential of the two forms. While the relative contribution of each form to total P. antarctica biomass differed among years, there were no significant differences between maximum photosynthetic rates of colonial and solitary forms within years. Substantial interannual variations in biomass and maximum photosynthetic rates normalized to chlorophyll a (PmB) and initial light-limited rates of photosynthesis (alpha) were observed among years for the colonial fractions; however, interannual variations in maximum rates of photosynthesis or alpha of solitary cells were not observed. A laboratory experiment with P. antarctica, together with field data, showed that growth stage of colonies strongly affected the maximum photosynthetic rates. Under nutrient-replete conditions and exponential growth, colonial cells had higher maximum photosynthetic rates than solitary cells, but as growth rate declined and senescence began, the solitary cells' rates became greater. This may be a reason for the high abundance of colonies that is often found in the Ross Sea during austral spring. Our results suggest that photosynthetic rates may influence the composition of the morphotypes of Phaeocystis, but do not appear to be the sole factor in regulating this critical biological variable. C1 [Shields, Amy R.; Smith, Walker O.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Shields, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Water Wetlands & Pesticide Div, Reg 7,901N 5th St, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. EM shields.amy@epa.gov FU NSF [OPP-0087401, 0440478] FX This research was supported by NSF grants OPP-0087401 and 0440478 to W.O.S. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 31 IS 7 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbp022 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 454PV UT WOS:000266695700001 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. TI Quantifying the instability of core temperature in rodents SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Telemetry; Temperature regulation; Temperature differential; Mouse; Rat; Strain; Bedding; Ambient temperature ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; RAT; RHYTHMS; MAMMALS AB Radiotelemetry provides researchers with the ability to sample the core temperature of rodents and other species rapidly. Compared to large mammals, the time-course of core temperature of rodents is variable and their data are often averaged into bins of one or more hours for publication. When viewing averaged data, a stable core temperature over a wide range of ambient temperatures is observed; however, if the time-course of core temperature of individual animals is examined closely with a sampling period of 1-10 min, a continuous waxing and waning of temperature is observed. It is proposed that calculating the change in temperature from one time point to the next (i.e., temperature differential) is an informative measure of the performance of the thermoregulatory system. A quantitative measure of the stability of the thermoregulatory system can be determined by calculating the absolute value of the temperature differential. It is shown that the absolute temperature differential (ATD) is dependent on ambient temperature, genetic strain, type of cage bedding, and body size. The ATD is simple to calculate from telemetry data and may be an important parameter for the study of rodent thermal physiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.02.002 PG 7 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 462IV UT WOS:000267345800001 ER PT J AU Friedman, SD Cooper, EM Casanova, L Sobsey, MD Genthner, FJ AF Friedman, Stephanie D. Cooper, Emilie M. Casanova, Lisa Sobsey, Mark D. Genthner, Fred J. TI A reverse transcription-PCR assay to distinguish the four genogroups of male-specific (F plus ) RNA coliphages SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Male-specific RNA coliphage; FRNA; Fecal pollution; Genotyping ID WATER SAMPLES; WASTE-WATER; PHAGES; BACTERIOPHAGES; HYBRIDIZATION AB Goals of reducing fecal contamination in recreational, drinking, shellfishing and other waters and accurately assessing risk from exposure can best be attained if tools to distinguish between sources of pollution are available. The male-specific RNA coliphage (FRNA) genogroups display a trend of source specificity. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) can be effectively used for genotyping if specific primer sets are designed to be capable of identifying all members within each genogroup. In this study genogroup-specific primer sets were designed using a minimum of 5 to a maximum of 10 complete phage genome sequences from strains in each genogroup. With these primers and employing a heat-release procedure that eliminated the need for RNA purification an RT-PCR method for genotype identification of FRNA phages was developed. The four genogroup-specific primer sets generated discrete PCR amplicon sizes from a variety of environmental FRNA phage strains. Limits of detection, cross-reactivity and/or non-specific binding to strains from other genogroups were evaluated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Friedman, Stephanie D.; Cooper, Emilie M.; Genthner, Fred J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Friedman, Stephanie D.; Casanova, Lisa; Sobsey, Mark D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Friedman, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM friedman.stephanie@epa.gov; cooper.emilie@epa.gov; casanova@email.unc.edu; sobsey@email.unc.edu; genthner.fred@epa.gov FU RARE; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 2009 VL 159 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.02.028 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 454NB UT WOS:000266687800009 PM 19442844 ER PT J AU Evans, O Kauffman, P Vonderheide, AR Wymer, LJ Morgan, JN AF Evans, Otis Kauffman, Peter Vonderheide, Anne R. Wymer, Larry J. Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI The determination of pesticidal and non-pesticidal organotin compounds in water matrices by in situ ethylation and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pesticidal organotins; Non-pesticidal organotins; In situ ethylation; Liquid-liquid extraction; GC-PFPD; Comproportionation ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LANDFILL LEACHATES; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; EXTRACTION; SPECIATION; SAMPLES; MICROEXTRACTION; OPTIMIZATION; SEDIMENT AB The concurrent determination of pesticidal and non-pesticidal organotin compounds in several water matrices, using a simultaneous in situ ethylation and liquid-liquid extraction followed by splitless injection mode capillary gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection, is described. The speciation analysis of nine organotin compounds includes low molecular weight-low boiling (non-pesticidal) and high molecular weight-high boiling analytes (pesticidal) of significant environmental interest. The minimum time for sodium tetraethylborate alkylation, using mechanical agitation, is determined to be 15 min in order to ensure the complete derivatization of the entire list of analytes. The utilization of a "hot needle" and a rapid injection rate is shown to be an efficacious means to eliminate "mass" or "needle" discrimination when determining the mixture of organotin compounds. Method detection limits are calculated to be in the low ng L(-1) range. The final method is applied to various water samples; storm water from the Cincinnati area demonstrated low native levels of three of the organotin compounds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kauffman, Peter; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Morgan, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Natl Council Aging, MS 564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Morgan.jeffrey@epa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2009.03.004 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 460BS UT WOS:000267160400008 ER PT J AU Eastmond, DA Hartwig, A Anderson, D Anwar, WA Cimino, MC Dobrev, I Douglas, GR Nohmi, T Phillips, DH Vickers, C AF Eastmond, David A. Hartwig, Andrea Anderson, Diana Anwar, Wagida A. Cimino, Michael C. Dobrev, Ivan Douglas, George R. Nohmi, Takehiko Phillips, David H. Vickers, Carolyn TI Mutagenicity testing for chemical risk assessment: update of the WHO/IPCS Harmonized Scheme SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID VITRO MICRONUCLEUS TEST; GENE MUTATION ASSAY; DISCRIMINATE RODENT CARCINOGENS; TANDEM REPEAT INSTABILITY; IWGT WORKING GROUP; IN-VIVO TESTS; COMET ASSAY; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; GENOTOXICITY TESTS; RELATIVE PREDICTIVITY AB Since the publication of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Harmonized Scheme for Mutagenicity Testing, there have been a number of publications addressing test strategies for mutagenicity. Safety assessments of substances with regard to genotoxicity are generally based on a combination of tests to assess effects on three major end points of genetic damage associated with human disease: gene mutation, clastogenicity and aneuploidy. It is now clear from the results of international collaborative studies and the large databases that are currently available for the assays evaluated that no single assay can detect all genotoxic substances. The World Health Organization therefore decided to update the IPCS Harmonized Scheme for Mutagenicity Testing as part of the IPCS project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. The approach presented in this paper focuses on the identification of mutagens and genotoxic carcinogens. Selection of appropriate in vitro and in vivo tests as well as a strategy for germ cell testing are described. C1 [Vickers, Carolyn] WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Eastmond, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hartwig, Andrea] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Lebensmitteltechnol & Lebensmittelchem, Berlin, Germany. [Anderson, Diana] Univ Bradford, Dept Biomed Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. [Anwar, Wagida A.] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Med, Dept Community Environm & Occupat Med, Cairo, Egypt. [Cimino, Michael C.] Environm Protect Agcy, Sci Support Branch, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC USA. [Dobrev, Ivan] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Dept Chem Risk Assessment, Hannover, Germany. [Douglas, George R.] Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Mechanist Studies Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Nohmi, Takehiko] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Tokyo, Japan. [Phillips, David H.] Inst Canc Res, Sect Mol Carcinogenesis, Sutton, Surrey, England. RP Vickers, C (reprint author), WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ipcsmail@who.int RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015; OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398; Phillips, David/0000-0001-8509-3485 FU World Health Organization by FX This work was funded by donations to the World Health Organization by a number of member states of the World Health Assembly. NR 67 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1093/mutage/gep014 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 463OO UT WOS:000267441700007 PM 19535363 ER PT J AU Dobrovolskaia, MA Germolec, DR Weaver, JL AF Dobrovolskaia, Marina A. Germolec, Dori R. Weaver, James L. TI Evaluation of nanoparticle immunotoxicity SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VACCINES; ISSUES; SIZE AB The pharmaceutical industry is developing increasing numbers of drugs and diagnostics based on nanoparticles, and evaluating the immune response to these diverse formulations has become a challenge for scientists and regulatory agencies alike. An international panel of scientists and representatives from various agencies and companies reviewed the limitations of current tests at a workshop held at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland. This article outlines practical strategies for identifying and controlling interferences in common evaluation methods and the implications for regulation. C1 [Dobrovolskaia, Marina A.] NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Weaver, James L.] US FDA, CDER, Div Appl Pharmacol Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Dobrovolskaia, MA (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marina@mail.nih.gov RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012 FU PHS HHS [HHSN261200800001E] NR 12 TC 157 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 73 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7 BP 411 EP 414 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2009.175 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 478OJ UT WOS:000268597300009 PM 19581891 ER PT J AU Bushnell, P AF Bushnell, Philip TI Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Bushnell, Philip] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS2 BP 237 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.006 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900009 ER PT J AU Crofton, K AF Crofton, Kevin TI Developmental neurotoxicity and thyroid hormone disruptors: Past, present and future SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Crofton, Kevin] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS4 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.008 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900011 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R AF Kavlock, Robert TI The future of toxicity testing-The NRC vision and the EPA's ToxCast program national center for computational toxicology SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Kavlock, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS3 BP 237 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.007 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900010 ER PT J AU Moser, G AF Moser, Ginger TI The behavioral toxicology society-Past, present and future SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Moser, Ginger] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS1 BP 237 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.005 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900008 ER PT J AU Bushnell, P AF Bushnell, Philip TI An acute toxicity pathway based on ion channel perturbation SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Bushnell, Philip] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS5 BP 238 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.009 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900012 ER PT J AU Barone, S AF Barone, Stan, Jr. TI Overview of environmental vulnerability to chemical exposures SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Barone, Stan, Jr.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS13 BP 240 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.017 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900020 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Stockton, P Sieber, S Foley, J Portier, CJ AF Gohlke, J. M. Stockton, P. Sieber, S. Foley, J. Portier, C. J. TI AhR-mediated gene expression in the developing mouse telencephalon SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gohlke, J. M.; Portier, C. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stockton, P.; Foley, J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Environm Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sieber, S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS17 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.021 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900024 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB Martin, MT Kavlock, RJ Judson, RS Dix, DJ Singh, AV AF Knudsen, T. B. Martin, M. T. Kavlock, R. J. Judson, R. S. Dix, D. J. Singh, A. V. TI Profiling developmental toxicity of 387 environmental chemicals using EPA's Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Knudsen, T. B.; Martin, M. T.; Kavlock, R. J.; Judson, R. S.; Dix, D. J.] US EPA, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Singh, A. V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS19 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.023 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900026 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M MacPhail, R Baldwon, J Moser, VC Chernoff, N AF Gilbert, Mary MacPhail, Robert Baldwon, J. Moser, V. C. Chernoff, N. TI Undernutrition in early life does not impair learning in young or aged animals SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gilbert, Mary; MacPhail, Robert; Baldwon, J.; Moser, V. C.; Chernoff, N.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS30 BP 244 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.034 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900037 ER PT J AU Raffaele, K Rowland, J May, B Makris, S Schumacher, K Scarano, L AF Raffaele, Kathleen Rowland, Jess May, Brenda Makris, Susan Schumacher, Kelly Scarano, Louis TI The use of developmental neurotoxicity data in pesticide risk assessments SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Raffaele, Kathleen; Makris, Susan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rowland, Jess; May, Brenda] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Scarano, Louis] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schumacher, Kelly] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS52 BP 250 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.056 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900059 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Taylor, JA AF Xu, Zongli Taylor, Jack A. TI SNPinfo: integrating GWAS and candidate gene information into functional SNP selection for genetic association studies SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; EXONIC SPLICING ENHANCERS; FACTOR-BINDING SITES; PROSTATE-CANCER; SEQUENCES; SINGLE; DNA AB We have developed a set of web-based SNP selection tools (freely available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/snpinfo) where investigators can specify genes or linkage regions and select SNPs based on GWAS results, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and predicted functional characteristics of both coding and non-coding SNPs. The algorithm uses GWAS SNP P-value data and finds all SNPs in high LD with GWAS SNPs, so that selection is from a much larger set of SNPs than the GWAS itself. The program can also identify and choose tag SNPs for SNPs not in high LD with any GWAS SNP. We incorporate functional predictions of protein structure, gene regulation, splicing and miRNA binding, and consider whether the alternative alleles of a SNP are likely to have differential effects on function. Users can assign weights for different functional categories of SNPs to further tailor SNP selection. The program accounts for LD structure of different populations so that a GWAS study from one ethnic group can be used to choose SNPs for one or more other ethnic groups. Finally, we provide an example using prostate cancer and demonstrate that this algorithm can select a small panel of SNPs that include many of the recently validated prostate cancer SNPs. C1 [Xu, Zongli; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM xuz@niehs.nih.gov; taylor@niehs.nih.gov OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU NIH FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Funding for open access charge: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 26 TC 265 Z9 274 U1 5 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 37 BP W600 EP W605 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp290 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 469IG UT WOS:000267889100104 PM 19417063 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Storm, MJ AF Phillips, Donald L. Johnson, Mark G. Tingey, David T. Storm, Marjorie J. TI Elevated CO2 and O-3 effects on fine-root survivorship in ponderosa pine mesocosms SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fine root life span; Mortality; Turnover; Survival analysis; Proportional hazards ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; 3 GROWING SEASONS; SOIL RESPIRATION; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; SILVER BIRCH; LIFE-SPAN; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHERN FORESTS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; N-FERTILIZATION AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) concentrations are rising, which may have opposing effects on tree C balance and allocation to fine roots. More information is needed on interactive CO2 and O-3 effects on roots, particularly fine-root life span, a critical demographic parameter and determinant of soil C and N pools and cycling rates. We conducted a study in which ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings were exposed to two levels of CO2 and O-3 in sun-lit controlled-environment mesocosms for 3 years. Minirhizotrons were used to monitor individual fine roots in three soil horizons every 28 days. Proportional hazards regression was used to analyze effects of CO2, O-3, diameter, depth, and season of root initiation on fine-root survivorship. More fine roots were produced in the elevated CO2 treatment than in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2, increasing root diameter, and increasing root depth all significantly increased fine-root survivorship and median life span. Life span was slightly, but not significantly, lower in elevated O-3, and increased O-3 did not reduce the effect of elevated CO2. Median life spans varied from 140 to 448 days depending on the season of root initiation. These results indicate the potential for elevated CO2 to increase the number of fine roots and their residence time in the soil, which is also affected by root diameter, root depth, and phenology. C1 [Phillips, Donald L.; Johnson, Mark G.; Tingey, David T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Storm, Marjorie J.] US EPA, Dynamac Int Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); US Dept. of Energy [(DE-AI0396ER62288]; EPA [RW89937719, 68-C6-0005]; Dynamac Corporation FX The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and by an interagency agreement between the US Dept. of Energy (DE-AI0396ER62288) and EPA (RW89937719). Part of the work was conducted under contract 68-C6-0005 between EPA and Dynamac Corporation. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 160 IS 4 BP 827 EP 837 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1339-4 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 460DA UT WOS:000267165500019 PM 19415339 ER PT J AU Hryhorczuk, D Dardynskaia, I Lukyanova, E Matwyshyn-Fuoco, M Friedman, L Shkiryak-Nizhnyk, Z Zvinchuk, A Chislovska, N Antipkin, Y AF Hryhorczuk, Daniel Dardynskaia, Irina Lukyanova, Elena Matwyshyn-Fuoco, Marta Friedman, Lee Shkiryak-Nizhnyk, Zoreslava Zvinchuk, Alexander Chislovska, Natalia Antipkin, Yuri TI Risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children: Ukraine European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Group SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheezing; asthma; childhood; ELSPAC; housing; damp; heating; pets contact with children ID ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; ISAAC; ASSOCIATION; ALLERGIES; SYMPTOMS; LEAD AB The prevalence of wheezing in children varies widely around the world. The reasons for this geographic variability remain unclear but may be related in part to exposures in the home environment during pregnancy and early childhood. We investigated the prenatal and early childhood risk factors for wheezing symptoms among 2127 children aged 6-8 years who were participants in the Ukrainian component of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). Cases included the 169 children whose parents answered yes to the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) question: 'Has your child had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months' during the ELSPAC assessment of the children at age 7. These were compared with the 1861 children in the cohort whose parents answered 'no' to this question. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of wheezing illness at age 7 in adjusted analyses included mother's asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 9.85]; mother's allergy problems (OR 1.43, [1.00, 2.05]); rarely playing with other children at age 3 (OR 1.84, [1.09, 3.11]); water intrusion (OR 1.62, [1.09, 2.39]) and inadequate heating of the home (OR 1.52, [1.06, 2.16]) during pregnancy. Factors protective of wheezing at age 7 included being first-born (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98); living in the city of Dniprodzerzynsk as compared with Kyiv (OR 0.36, [0.24, 0.54]) and weekly contact with furry animals (OR 0.44, [0.20, 0.97]) before age 3. The constellation of risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children is similar to that of children in other parts of the world. Known risk factors do not account for the significant between-city variability of wheezing in Ukrainian children. C1 [Hryhorczuk, Daniel; Dardynskaia, Irina] Univ Illinois, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hryhorczuk, Daniel; Dardynskaia, Irina; Friedman, Lee] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Matwyshyn-Fuoco, Marta] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. [Zvinchuk, Alexander] Univ Illinois, Louise Hamilton Data Management Ctr, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Hryhorczuk, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 2121 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM dhryhorc@uic.edu RI Friedman, Lee/G-9799-2011; OI Zvinchuk, Alexander/0000-0001-7163-1932 FU NIH Research [D43 TW00653]; 'International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health'; Fogarty International Center FX This project was supported by NIH Research Grant #D43 TW00653, 'International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health', awarded to the University of Illinois at Chicago by the Fogarty International Center. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01026.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 453HO UT WOS:000266601700007 PM 19523081 ER PT J AU Haberg, SE Stigum, H London, SJ Nystad, W Nafstad, P AF Haberg, Siri E. Stigum, Hein London, Stephanie J. Nystad, Wenche Nafstad, Per TI Maternal obesity in pregnancy and respiratory health in early childhood SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal obesity; maternal body mass index; infant respiratory infection; infant wheezing; MoBa ID BODY-MASS INDEX; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; UNITED-STATES; ATOPIC DISEASE; BIRTH COHORT; ASTHMA; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; RISK AB Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, immunological changes, increased risk of respiratory infections and chronic respiratory illness. Maternal obesity in pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications, caesarean sections and adverse birth outcomes, which have in turn been associated with respiratory illness in children. To our knowledge, the possible influence of maternal obesity in pregnancy on respiratory illness in early childhood beyond the newborn period has not been explored. We examined the relationship between a high maternal body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy and lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze up to 18 months of age in the Norwegian Mother and Child Study (MoBa), a population-based cohort study that includes 100 000 pregnant women, conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We analysed data from the first 33 192 children, born between 1999 and 2005. In unadjusted analyses maternal obesity in pregnancy was related to both respiratory infections and wheeze in the children. In multivariable analyses, only an effect on wheeze remained. The risk of wheeze increased linearly with maternal BMI in pregnancy, and was 3.3% higher [95% CI 1.2, 5.3] for children with mothers who were obese during pregnancy, than for children of mothers with normal BMI. This effect was not mediated through obesity-related pregnancy complications, low birthweight, preterm birth or caesarean section. C1 [Haberg, Siri E.; Stigum, Hein; Nystad, Wenche; Nafstad, Per] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. [Nafstad, Per] Univ Oslo, Dept Gen Practice & Community Med, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway. [London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Durham, NC USA. [London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Durham, NC USA. RP Haberg, SE (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, POB 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM siri.haberg@fhi.no OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; Division of Intramural Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health, USA [HHSN291200775558C, Z01-ES-85433, 1 UO1 NS 047537-01]; Norwegian Ministry of Health; Norwegian Research Council/FUGE [151918/S10] FX We gratefully acknowledge the participation of the MoBa parents. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA (Contract no. HHSN291200775558C and Project no. Z01-ES-85433), NIH/NINDS (grant no. 1 UO1 NS 047537-01) and the Norwegian Research Council/FUGE (grant no. 151918/S10). NR 64 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01034.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 453HO UT WOS:000266601700008 PM 19523082 ER PT J AU Davis, A Gift, JS Woodall, GM Narotsky, MG Foureman, GL AF Davis, Allen Gift, Jeff S. Woodall, George M. Narotsky, Michael G. Foureman, Gary L. TI The role of developmental toxicity studies in acute exposure assessments: Analysis of single-day vs. multiple-day exposure regimens SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental toxicity; Butylbenzyl phthalate; Tributyltin; Benchmark dose; Risk assessment; Acute exposure; Single-day; Multiple-day ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; TRIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE; RATS; ENVIRONMENT; TERATOLOGY; SEDIMENT; ESTERS AB In accordance with most toxicity guidelines, developmental studies typically utilize repeated exposures, usually throughout gestation or during organogenesis in particular. However, it is known that developmental toxicity may occur in response to single exposures, especially during specific windows of susceptibility. An overview of the available literature gave sufficient evidence that for many agents, the same endpoints observed in repeated dose, multiple-day studies were also observed in single-day exposures, thus indicating the relevance of developmental toxicity to health assessments of acute exposures. Further, results of benchmark dose modeling of developmental endpoints indicated that for embryo lethality, single-day exposures required a two- to fourfold higher dose than the multiple-day exposures to produce the same level of response. For fused sternebrae, exposures on specific days produced equivalent levels of response at doses that were more similar to those utilized in the repeated exposures. Appreciable differences in biological half-life (and corresponding dose metrics) as well as specific windows of susceptibility may partially explain the observed multiple- vs. single-day exposure dose-response relationships. Our results highlight the need of a more thorough evaluation of outcomes from repeated dose developmental toxicity studies in regards to their importance to chronic and acute risk assessments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Davis, Allen; Gift, Jeff S.; Woodall, George M.; Foureman, Gary L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, Allen] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Narotsky, Michael G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM davis.allen@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 FU NCEA-CRISE Interagency Agreement; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Partial funding was provided by the NCEA-CRISE Interagency Agreement. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The research presented in this document was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.03.006 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 457NW UT WOS:000266939500005 PM 19306903 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Locke, MA Gaston, LA AF Yuan, Yongping Locke, Martin A. Gaston, Lewis A. TI Tillage Effects on Soil Properties and Spatial Variability in Two Mississippi Delta Watersheds SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tillage; nutrients; phosphorus; nitrogen ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN STORAGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; LOSSES; MANAGEMENT; MEHLICH-3 AB This study evaluated changes in soil properties several years after implementation of conservation measures. Two approximately 50-ha fields within two Mississippi Delta oxbow lake watersheds (Deep Hollow and Beasley) were laid out in 60-m grids. Soil from a tilled cotton field in Deep Hollow watershed was sampled at each node in 1996 and again in 2000 after 4 years of reduced tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crops; soil also was collected from conventional tillage cotton in Beasley Lake watershed in 1996 and again in 2006 from the same grid nodes after 4 years of reduced tillage cotton and 5 years of reduced tillage soybeans. Organic matter levels in the soil surface were higher in both watersheds after conservation tillage was implemented, likely caused by increased plant residue accumulation and limited soil mixing. Higher soil P levels in both watersheds under conservation management were attributed to less distribution in soil because of reduced tillage, Lower NO3-N in Deep Hollow in 2000 suggested N immobilization in the soil surface. Nitrogen was not analyzed for Beasley soil samples. Soil pH values were also higher in the later samplings for both watersheds, but because lime was applied in the interim, it is difficult to ascribe an effect from tillage. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium were higher in 2000 after the 4-year reduced tillage practice in the Deep Hollow watershed. However, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were lower in 2006 than in 1996 at the Beasley Lake watershed because no fertilizer was applied to the field since 2001. Regardless of tillage system, relatively high P levels in soils from both watersheds are indicative of high native soil P levels in the Mississippi Delta soils. Similar to other studies, water-soluble P was positively correlated with Mehlich III P. Spatial relationships of P examined using kriging showed that P data were spatially dependent, and their spatial dependence was impacted by tillage practices. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Gaston, Lewis A.] LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 174 IS 7 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181ac679c PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 470VG UT WOS:000268008800004 ER PT J AU Chen, CW AF Chen, Chao W. TI Estimating birth and death rates from cell labeling data SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Labeling index; Cell proliferation rate; Cell death rate; State space model ID BIOLOGICAL MODELS; CARCINOGENESIS; INDEXES AB The objective of this article is to provide a statistical method for estimating both birth and death rates from labeling data. Current practice of estimating cell division (birth) rate alpha by the formula LI(t) = 1 - exp(-2 alpha t) suggests that the use of labeling index (LI) as a cell proliferation indicator may incur loss of valuable information inherited in the data that are used to calculate the index. Information about cell death has become increasingly important for understanding a disease processes, and for developing a biologically based dose-response model for environmental health risk assessments. Simple stochastic and deterministic models are proposed for estimating both birth and death rates simultaneously from labeling data. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chen.chao@epa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1007/s00477-008-0247-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 450IR UT WOS:000266394700008 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Bowman, CC Ladics, GS Privalle, L Laessig, SA AF Selgrade, MaryJane K. Bowman, Christal C. Ladics, Gregory S. Privalle, Laura Laessig, Susan A. TI Safety Assessment of Biotechnology Products for Potential Risk of Food Allergy: Implications of New Research SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Food Allergy; biotechnology; genetically modified crops; plant incorporated pesticides; safety assessment ID INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; PLANT PROTEOME ANALYSIS; HUMAN ALLERGENICITY; ORAL TOLERANCE; PEANUT ALLERGY; MURINE MODEL; PROTEINS; RESPONSES; MICE AB Food allergy is a potential risk associated with use of transgenic proteins in crops. Currently, safety assessment involves consideration of the source of the introduced protein, in silico amino acid sequence homology comparisons to known allergens, physicochemical properties, protein abundance in the crop, and, when appropriate, specific immunoglobulin E binding studies. Recently conducted research presented at an International Life Sciences Institute/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute-hosted workshop adds to the scientific foundation for safety assessment of transgenic proteins in five areas: structure/activity, serum screening, animal models, quantitative proteomics, and basic mechanisms. A web-based tool is now available that integrates a database of allergenic proteins with a variety of computational tools which could be used to improve our ability to predict allergenicity based on structural analysis. A comprehensive strategy and model protocols have been developed for conducting meaningful serum screening, an extremely challenging process. Several animal models using oral sensitization with adjuvant and one dermal sensitization model have been developed and appear to distinguish allergenic from non-allergenic food extracts. Data presented using a mouse model suggest that pepsin resistance is indicative of allergenicity. Certain questions remain to be addressed before considering animal model validation. Gel-free mass spectrometry is a viable alternative to more labor-intensive approaches to quantitative proteomics. Proteomic data presented on four nontransgenic varieties of soy suggested that if known allergen expression in genetically modified crops falls within the range of natural variability among commercial varieties, there appears to be no need to test further. Finally, basic research continues to elucidate the etiology of food allergy. C1 [Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowman, Christal C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ladics, Gregory S.] DuPont Co Inc, DuPont Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Privalle, Laura] BASF Plant Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Laessig, Susan A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp075 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 460YB UT WOS:000267227800003 PM 19363142 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Ward, W Moore, T Ren, HZ Hester, SD AF Nesnow, Stephen Ward, William Moore, Tanya Ren, Hongzu Hester, Susan D. TI Discrimination of Tumorigenic Triazole Conazoles from Phenobarbital by Transcriptional Analyses of Mouse Liver Gene Expression SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE conazoles; triadimefon; phenobarbital; propiconazole; transcriptional analyses; tumorigenesis; human relevance ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CELL-PROLIFERATION; IN-VIVO; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; TUMOR PROMOTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MICE; INDUCTION AB Conazoles are fungicides used to control fungal growth in environmental settings and to treat humans with fungal infections. Mouse hepatotumorigenic conazoles display many of the same hepatic toxicologic responses as the mouse liver carcinogen phenobarbital (PB): constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation, hypertrophy, Cyp2b induction, and increased cell proliferation. The goal of this study was to apply transcriptional analyses to hepatic tissues from mice exposed to PB, propiconazole (Pro) or triadimefon (Tri) at tumorigenic exposure levels to reveal similarities and differences in response among these treatments. Mice were administered diets containing PB (850 ppm), Pro (2500 ppm), or Tri (1800 ppm) for 4 and 30 days. Targeted transcriptomic analyses were conducted at the gene level examining differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and subsets of DEGs: cell cycle genes, and transcription factors. Analyses were also conducted on function, pathway and network levels examining Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Tox Lists and Canonical Pathways, and Gene-Go MetaCore dynamic networks and their central hubs. Genes expressed by PB or the two conazoles were also compared with those genes associated with human hepatocellular cancer. The results from these analyses indicated greater differences between PB and the two conazoles than similarities. Significant commonalities between the two conazole treatments were also noted. We posit that the transcriptional profiles of tissues exposed to toxic chemicals inherently contain their mechanisms of toxicity. We conclude that although PB and these 2 conazoles induce mouse liver tumors and exhibit similar toxicological responses, their transcriptional profiles are significantly different and thus their mechanisms of tumorigenic action are likely to differ. C1 [Nesnow, Stephen; Ward, William; Moore, Tanya; Ren, Hongzu; Hester, Susan D.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and the policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp076 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 460YB UT WOS:000267227800007 PM 19363144 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Mendez, E Corum, DG Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Rotroff, DM Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Mendez, Elizabeth Corum, Daniel G. Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Rotroff, Daniel M. Dix, David J. TI Profiling the Reproductive Toxicity of Chemicals from Multigeneration Studies in the Toxicity Reference Database SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pesticides; relational database; reproductive toxicity; toxicity profiling AB Multigeneration reproduction studies are used to characterize parental and offspring systemic toxicity, as well as reproductive toxicity of pesticides, industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Results from 329 multigeneration studies on 316 chemicals have been digitized into standardized and structured toxicity data within the Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB). An initial assessment of data quality and consistency was performed prior to profiling these environmental chemicals based on reproductive toxicity and associated toxicity endpoints. The pattern of toxicity across 75 effects for all 316 chemicals provided sets of chemicals with similar in vivo toxicity for future predictive modeling. Comparative analysis across the 329 studies identified chemicals with sensitive reproductive effects, based on comparisons to chronic and subchronic toxicity studies, as did the cross-generational comparisons within the multigeneration study. The general pattern of toxicity across all chemicals and the more focused comparative analyses identified 19 parental, offspring and reproductive effects with a high enough incidence to serve as targets for predictive modeling that will eventually serve as a chemical prioritization tool spanning reproductive toxicities. These toxicity endpoints included specific reproductive performance indices, male and female reproductive organ pathologies, offspring viability, growth and maturation, and parental systemic toxicities. Capturing this reproductive toxicity data in ToxRefDB supports ongoing retrospective analyses, test guideline revisions, and computational toxicology research. C1 [Martin, Matthew T.; Corum, Daniel G.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Rotroff, Daniel M.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mendez, Elizabeth] US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Martin, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD D343-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM martin.matt@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development FX Disclaimer: The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for submission and peer review. NR 24 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp080 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 460YB UT WOS:000267227800016 PM 19363143 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Hazari, Mehdi S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Winsett, Darrell W. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Continuous Electrocardiogram Reveals Differences in the Short-Term Cardiotoxic Response of Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Doxorubicin SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE electrocardiogram; doxorubicin; cardiotoxicity; hypertension ID OIL FLY-ASH; HEART-FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; AIR-POLLUTION; MODEL; PARTICLES; ISCHEMIA; CARDIOMYOPATHY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the standard technologies used to monitor and assess cardiac function, and provide insight into the mechanisms driving myocardial pathology. Increased understanding of the effects of cardiovascular disease on rat ECG may help make ECG assessments in rat toxicology studies routine, thus facilitating continuous measurement of functional decrements associated with cardiotoxicant exposure. These studies seek to test the hypothesis that hypertensive rats are more susceptible to the short-term cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) when compared with normotensive rats with respect to continuously measured ECG endpoints. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats surgically implanted with radiotelemeters were treated once a week for three weeks with either vehicle, 1.25 (low), 2.5 (medium), or 5 (high) mg/kg DOX (i.p.). ECG, heart rate (HR), and core body temperature (T(co)) were continuously monitored during the 1-week baseline and throughout the experimental period until rats were sacrificed 24 h after the third injection. DOX prevented normal body weight gain in both strains and significantly decreased diurnal HR and T(co) of high DOX SH rats. In the ECG, SH rats had prolonged baseline PR intervals and QT(c) when compared with WKY rats. All DOX-treated WKY rats subsequently developed PR interval prolongation; however only those treated with high DOX had increased QT(c). DOX caused an increase in ST interval in SH rats, and resulted in ECG morphology changes. The number of arrhythmias due to DOX was increased in both strains. In conclusion, ECG analysis can reveal underlying cardiovascular disease as a risk factor in the heart's response to toxicant-induced injury in the rat; and be a valuable tool to evaluate baseline vulnerability and assess cardiotoxicity. C1 [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hazari, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, 109 Alexander Dr,B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency, United States Government FX Environmental Protection Agency, United States Government. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp092 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 460YB UT WOS:000267227800020 PM 19407338 ER PT J AU Goetz, AK Dix, DJ AF Goetz, Amber K. Dix, David J. TI Toxicogenomic effects common to triazole antifungals and conserved between rats and humans SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myclobutanil; Propiconazole; Triadimefon; Toxicogenomics; CAR; PXR ID CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES; TOXICITY PROFILES; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; PROPICONAZOLE; MYCLOBUTANIL; TRIADIMEFON; LIVER AB The triazole antifungals myclobutanil, propiconazole and triadimefon cause varying degrees of hepatic toxicity and disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis in rodent in vivo models. To identify biological pathways consistently modulated across multiple timepoints and various study designs, gene expression profiling was conducted on rat livers from three separate studies with triazole treatment groups ranging from 6 h after a single oral gavage exposure, to prenatal to adult exposures via feed. To explore conservation of responses across species, gene expression from the rat liver studies were compared to in vitro data from rat and human primary hepatocytes exposed to the triazoles. Toxicogenomic data on triazoles from 33 different treatment groups and 135 samples (microarrays) identified thousands Of probe sets and dozens of pathways differentially expressed across time, dose, and species - many of these were common to all three triazoles, or conserved between rodents and humans. Common and conserved pathways included androgen and estrogen metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism signaling through CAR and PXR, and CYP mediated metabolism. Differentially expressed genes included the Phase I xenobiotic, fatty acid, sterol and steroid metabolism genes Cyp2b2 and CYP2B6, Cyp3a1 and CYP3A4, and Cyp4a22 and CYP4A11; Phase 11 conjugation enzyme genes Ugt1a1 and UGT1A1: and Phase III ABC transporter genes Abcb1 and ABCB1. Gene expression changes caused by all three triazoles in liver and hepatocytes were concentrated in biological pathways regulating lipid, sterol and steroid homeostasis, identifying a potential common mode of action conserved between rodents and humans. Modulation of hepatic sterol and steroid metabolism is a plausible mode of action for changes in serum testosterone and adverse reproductive outcomes observed in rat studies, and may be relevant to human risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Goetz, Amber K.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goetz, Amber K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU EPA/North Carolina State University Cooperative Training Agreement [CT826512010] FX The authors thank Drs Wenjun Bao and Russ Wolfinger (SAS Inc., Cary, NC) for expert advice on data analysis: and Drs Hongzu Ren (EPA) and Stephen Ferguson (CellzDirect Inc., Durham, NQ for excellent technical Support. We also thank Dr Douglas Wolf (EPA/ORD) for technical review of this manuscript; and Ms. Jennifer Hill for excellent management of the EPA contracts with Expression Analysis Inc. (Durham, INC), and CellzDirect. Microarrays and reagents for a portion of this study were provided by Affymetrix Inc. (Santa Clara, CA) as part of a Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with EPA. AKG was supported by EPA/North Carolina State University Cooperative Training Agreement #CT826512010. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 238 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.016 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 458IF UT WOS:000267009800010 PM 19409404 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Miller, PCH Thistle, HW Birchfield, NB AF Teske, M. E. Miller, P. C. H. Thistle, H. W. Birchfield, N. B. TI INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MECHANISTIC SPRAY DRIFT MODEL FOR GROUND BOOM SPRAYERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AGDISP; Ground sprayer; Lagrangian modeling; Spray drift ID AERIAL APPLICATIONS; HYDRAULIC NOZZLES; LIQUID SPRAY; FIELD; SIMULATION; VARIABLES; AIR; VELOCITY; AGDISP; CODE AB This article summarizes the initial development of a mechanistic spray drift model for ground boom sprayers, built upon the same analytical Lagrangian approach used in the aerial spray model AGDISP. For ground boom sprayers the wake and turbulence of the aircraft are removed and more detailed modeling of the nozzle jets (and jet entrainment) is included. The model predicts the spray deposition downwind from the application area for any set of initial conditions, and recovers results compared with Spray Drift Task Force and Canadian field datasets for two ground sprayer nozzle types. C1 [Teske, M. E.] Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08616 USA. [Miller, P. C. H.] Silsoe Spray Applicat Unit, Bedford, England. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Birchfield, N. B.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08616 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com NR 37 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1097 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100005 ER PT J AU Grim, KC Wolfe, MJ Edwards, M Kaufman, J Onjukka, S Moran, P Wolf, JC AF Grim, K. C. Wolfe, M. J. Edwards, M. Kaufman, J. Onjukka, S. Moran, P. Wolf, J. C. TI Epizootic Ameloblastomas in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of the Northwestern United States SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ameloblastoma; Chinook salmon; epizootic; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PACIFIC SALMON; CELL-LINE; FISH; VIRUS; CARCINOGENESIS; PAPILLOMA; NEOPLASMS AB Abnormal growths were observed on the lips and in the oral cavities of 2- and 3-year-old Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) maintained in one freshwater and one saltwater captive fish-rearing facility in the Columbia River (Pacific Northwest). Initially presenting as bilaterally symmetrical, red, irregular plaques on oral mucosal surfaces, the lesions developed progressively into large, disfiguring masses. Of the 502 natural parr collected for captive broodstock, 432 (86%) displayed these tumors, whereas cohort salmon (i.e., same year classes) in these same facilities remained unaffected. Morphologically similar neoplasms were collected occasionally from adult Chinook salmon that had returned to their natal streams. Histologic features of the tumors suggested that they were derived from the portion of dental lamina destined to form tooth root sulci; therefore, these neoplasms were diagnosed as ameloblastomas. The lesions also resembled archived specimens of Chinook salmon oral tumors, which had been described decades earlier. Etiologic investigations performed during the current outbreak included bacteriologic, virologic, genetic, ultrastructural analyses, and cohabitation exposure studies. Results of these efforts did not indicate an obvious genetic basis for this syndrome, attempts to isolate potentially causative viruses or bacteria were negative, and disease transmission to naive fish was unsuccessful. A few intracytoplasmic hexagonal structures, possibly consistent with viral particles (similar to 100 nm), were observed ultrastructurally in a tumor cell from 1 of 6 specimens submitted for transmission electron microscopy. Although the presence of these particles does not constitute sufficient evidence for causality, an infectious or multifactorial etiology seems plausible. C1 [Wolfe, M. J.; Wolf, J. C.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. [Grim, K. C.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Grim, K. C.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Edwards, M.] Enterprise Field Off, Nez Perce Tribe Dept Fisheries Resources Manageme, Enterprise, OR USA. [Kaufman, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Onjukka, S.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Hlth Serv, La Grande, OR USA. [Moran, P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wolf, JC (reprint author), Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, 45600 Terminal Dr, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. EM jwolf@epl-inc.com FU Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. [N02-CB-27034]; Bonneville Power Administration [198909600] FX This project was performed, in part, by using the services provided by the National Cancer Institute's Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, operated under contract by Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., N02-CB-27034. We also thank the contributions and efforts of Phyllis Spero (RTLA) and Debbie Haegele (RTLA) for organizing slide materials. We thank Dr. Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM, for aiding in the diagnosis of these tumors, Dr. Jerry R. Heidel, DVM, for histopathologic work on tumor tissues, Dr. Lee Harrell, DVM, for tissue collection and input on managing this problem in the Captive Broodstock Program. We also thank Dr. James Casey for conducting viral-probe testing, Marla Chaney for assistance with tumor sampling and taking care of these fish, Sharon Vendshus for performing numerous fish necropsies, and Glenda O'Connor for sampling and necropsying the fish from Northeast Oregon. This work was supported in part by Bonneville Power Administration project 198909600. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 622 EP 635 DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0150-W-FL PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 475UY UT WOS:000268388700011 PM 19276053 ER PT J AU Chen, KF Kao, CM Wu, LC Surampalli, RY Liang, SH AF Chen, K. F. Kao, C. M. Wu, L. C. Surampalli, R. Y. Liang, S. H. TI Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Degradation by Ferrous Ion-Activated Persulfate Oxidation: Feasibility and Kinetics Studies SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); persulfate; ferrous ion; Fenton's reaction; in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) ID IN-SITU REMEDIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MECHANISM; WATER; FATE; TCE; PEROXYDISULFATE; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT; REAGENT AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using ferrous ion-activated persulfate oxidation to remediate groundwater contaminated with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various factors on the efficiency of MTBE degradation including persulfate concentrations, ferrous ion concentrations, and persulfate coupled with hydrogen peroxide. Results show that ferrous ion-activated persulfate oxidation was capable of degrading MTBE efficiently. Persulfate and ferrous ion concentrations correlated with MTBE degradation rates. However, excess addition of ferrous ion resulted in decreased MTBE degrading rates most likely because of competition for sulfate free radicals between ferrous ion and MTBE. Two main byproducts of MTBE degradation, tert-butyl formate and tert-butyl alcohol, were detected in the experiments; both were, however, subsequently degraded. Results of sulfate analysis show that proper addition of ferrous ion could prevent unnecessary persulfate decomposition. Water Environ. Res., 81, 687 (2009). C1 [Chen, K. F.] Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Nantou 545, Taiwan. [Kao, C. M.; Liang, S. H.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Wu, L. C.] CPC Corp, Tainan, Taiwan. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Chen, KF (reprint author), Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1 Univ Rd, Nantou 545, Taiwan. EM kfchen@ncnu.edu.tw FU Apollo Technology Corp., Ltd., Taiwan FX This study was funded by the Apollo Technology Corp., Ltd., Taiwan. The authors also thank Mr. Y. Y. Li of the Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Taiwan, for his assistance throughout this project. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the writers and should not be construed as opinions of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 29 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 7 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.2175/106143008X370539 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 475DK UT WOS:000268338400006 PM 19691249 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B Hardwick, D Roux, D AF Rashleigh, Brenda Hardwick, Devlyn Roux, Dirk TI Fish assemblage patterns as a tool to aid conservation in the Olifants River catchment (East), South Africa SO WATER SA LA English DT Article DE focal species; dams; species richness; land use; conservation planning ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PROTECTED AREAS; WATER; MANAGEMENT; INDEX; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; ZIMBABWE AB South Africa has committed to address freshwater conservation at the catchment scale, using a combination of landscape-level and species-level features as surrogates of freshwater biodiversity. To support this work, we examined fishes in the Olifants River catchment, where multiple anthropogenic pressures affect streams. Patterns in fish assemblage data across 88 sites were analysed and related to landscape environmental variables using statistical techniques of multivariate ordination, cluster analysis, and regression tree analysis. We identified 6 distinct fish assemblage types, which were separated by altitude and human influence, primarily dry-land cropping and dams. In the tipper reaches of the catchment, we identified a faunal shift from Barbus neefi, which occurred in less impacted sites, to B. anoplus and Tilapia sparrmanii, which were favored in cropland and mixed cropland/urban settings, respectively. The fish assemblage of the middle section of the catchment was not unique, but supported one species, Chiloglanis pretoriae, that could be considered a focal species for conservation. The low altitude, high-runoff section of the catchment supported the most species. However, species richness increased in association with dams, through the addition of species that are more tolerant of flow and physicochemical modifications. Thus, species richness may not be an optimal conservation target for this system. Rather, a series of indicators will be necessary to track and measure conservation success in the Olifants catchment. C1 [Rashleigh, Brenda] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Roux, Dirk] Monash Univ, ZA-1725 Roodepoort, South Africa. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM Rashleigh.Brenda@epa.gov RI Roux, Dirk/F-2894-2012 OI Roux, Dirk/0000-0001-7809-0446 FU US Embassy Science Fellows Program through the US Department of State FX We acknowledge support of the US Embassy Science Fellows Program through the US Department of State. Special thanks to Nikki Brajevich (U.S. Embassy Pretoria) and Peter J Ashton (CSIR); to Dan McGarvey (U.S. EPA) for a helpful review; and to two anonymous reviewers whose comments were extremely helpful. We also thank Helen Dallas (UCT) for her kind help with tile rivers database. Although this work was reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION PI PRETORIA PA PO BOX 824, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0378-4738 J9 WATER SA JI Water SA PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 517 EP 524 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 491YU UT WOS:000269620900017 ER PT J AU Thomas, T Bahadori, T Savage, N Thomas, K AF Thomas, Treye Bahadori, Tina Savage, Nora Thomas, Karluss TI Moving toward exposure and risk evaluation of nanomaterials: challenges and future directions SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; RESEARCH STRATEGIES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; SAFETY EVALUATION; NANOPARTICLES; SCIENCE; SIZE; MICE AB Nanotechnology, the commercial development of engineered nanomaterials, promises breakthrough innovations by enhancing the performance of existing consumer products and enabling development of new devices, architectures, and applications. Although these materials and applications are being developed at an explosive pace, a fundamental understanding of any potential human health and environmental risks resulting from exposure throughout the lifecycle of these materials has not advanced as rapidly. Past experience has demonstrated that successful introduction of a new technology occurs more readily if it is precipitated by a robust appreciation for any inherent risks associated with the technology. Such understanding allows the timely development of occupational and consumer exposure standards that might be needed to protect human health and the environment. Although risk is recognized as the product of hazard and exposure, too often exposure patterns are poorly characterized, and risk is based primarily or exclusively on the hazard characterization. The extent of exposure to nanomaterials in currently available commercial products is relatively unknown. Given the number of commercial products that claim to contain engineered nanomaterials, it is possible that human and environmental exposure to these materials is widespread. This paper is intended to highlight the importance of exposure assessment for determining the potential risks of nanomaterials. In essence, this is a call to action to the community of exposure scientists, toxicologists, and risk assessors to develop, consider, and incorporate requisite exposure information in the risk assessment of nanomaterials. Without an integrated approach, it will be difficult to meaningfully assess the risks of nanomaterials, realize their potential benefits, and foster their sustainable development. (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2009 4 426-433 C1 [Thomas, Treye] US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bahadori, Tina] Amer Chem Council Long Range Res Initiat, Arlington, VA USA. [Savage, Nora] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Karluss] Silicones Environm Hlth & Safety Council N Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Thomas, T (reprint author), US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. EM tthomas@cpsc.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1939-5116 EI 1939-0041 J9 WIRES NANOMED NANOBI JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1002/wnan.34 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 585PU UT WOS:000276839700007 PM 20049808 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RB Willis, RD AF Kellogg, Robert B. Willis, Robert D. TI Library optimization in EDXRF spectral deconvolution for multi-element analysis of ambient aerosols SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MASS AB In multi-element analysis of atmospheric aerosols, attempts are made to fit overlapping elemental spectral lines for many elements that may be undetectable in samples due to low concentrations. Fitting with many library reference spectra has the unwanted effect of raising the analytical uncertainty of overlapping elements. By carefully choosing the order of elemental processing, library reference spectra can be omitted for non-analyte lines of undetected elements without loss of information, thus lowering the number of library spectra needed for the fit and thereby reducing the uncertainty. The magnitude of the reduction so achieved is shown for blanks and a sample for 64 elements. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kellogg, Robert B.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Willis, Robert D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kellogg, RB (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kellogg.robert@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Teri L. Conner of the US Environmental Protection Agency for her critical review of the manuscript. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1002/xrs.1169 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 464HM UT WOS:000267496000003 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Devulapelli, VG AF Sahle-Demessie, E. Devulapelli, Venu Gopal TI Oxidation of methanol and total reduced sulfur compounds with ozone over V2O5/TiO2 catalyst: Effect of humidity SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Catalytic oxidation; Ozone; Methanol; Dimethyl Sulfide; Methanethiol; Effect of humidity ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; DESTRUCTIVE OXIDATION; OXIDE CATALYSTS; CO OXIDATION; FLY-ASH; WATER; METHANETHIOL; FORMALDEHYDE; (CH3)(2)S-2 AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ozone-enhanced catalytic oxidation for the treatment of high volume, low concentration (HVLC) waste gas streams at a Kraft pulp and paper mill that contain hazardous air pollutants such as methanol (CH3OH), reduced sulfur compounds (TRS). including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methanethiol (MT), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and saturated with moisture. This paper reports that ozone-enhance V2O5-TiO2 catalyzed oxidation is a stable and effective process to remove methanol and TRS compounds in the presence of moisture that has composition similar to the effluent stream coming out of a pulp mill blow tank. The effect of moisture on the oxidation of CH3OH, MT and DMS was studied using V2O5/TiO2 as a catalyst at different feed compositions (C-methonol: 1000 and 7500 ppm; C-DMS: 250 and 1000 ppm: and C-MT: 250 and 1000 ppm) and gas hourly space velocities (37,000-150,000 h(-1)) at 250 degrees C and O-3-to-substrate mole ratio of 2.1. Conversions of methanol and TRS compounds were high and the main products were CO2, CO and SO2 with small amounts of partial oxidation products. Increasing the relative humidity of the gas stream from zero to 18,000 ppm reduced the conversion of methanol, whereas the conversion of TRS compounds was not affected, although the selectivity for partial oxidation products of TRS compounds decreased. High moisture levels have inhibition effect on the reactions because of competitive adsorption of methanol and water on to the same sites. The increase in the complete oxidation of TRS products could be due to forming hydroxyl ion radicals in presence of ozone and water molecules. Possible reaction mechanisms have been proposed for the complete oxidation of methanol and TRS compounds with ozone based on the product distribution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sahle-Demessie, E.; Devulapelli, Venu Gopal] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JUN 20 PY 2009 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.03.035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 459HR UT WOS:000267092800010 ER PT J AU Landgren, O Kyle, RA Hoppin, JA Freeman, LEB Cerhan, JR Katzmann, JA Rajkumar, SV Alavanja, MC AF Landgren, Ola Kyle, Robert A. Hoppin, Jane A. Freeman, Laura E. Beane Cerhan, James R. Katzmann, Jerry A. Rajkumar, S. Vincent Alavanja, Michael C. TI Pesticide exposure and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Agricultural Health Study SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; IOWA FARMERS; LIFE-STYLE; OCCUPATION; MORTALITY; APPLICATORS; DEATH; MEN AB Pesticides are associated with excess risk of multiple myeloma, albeit inconclusively. We included 678 men (30-94 years) from a well-characterized prospective cohort of restricted-use pesticide applicators to assess the risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Serum samples from all subjects were analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel; samples with a discrete or localized band were subjected to immunofixation. Age-adjusted prevalence estimates of MGUS were compared with MGUS prevalence in 9469 men from Minnesota. Associations between pesticide exposures and MGUS prevalence were assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for age and education level. Among study participants older than 50 years (n = 555), 38 were found to have MGUS, yielding a prevalence of 6.8% (95% Cl, 5.0%-9.3%). Compared with men from Minnesota, the age-adjusted prevalence of MGUS was 1.9-fold (95% Cl, 1.3- to 2.7-fold) higher among male pesticide applicators. Among applicators, a 5.6-fold (95% Cl, 1.9- to 16.6-fold), 3.9-fold (95% Cl, 1.5- to 10.0-fold), and 2.4-fold (95% Cl, 1.1- to 5.3-fold) increased risk of MGUS prevalence was observed among users of the chlorinated insecticide dieldrin, the fumigant mixture carbon-tetrachloride/carbon disulfide, and the fungicide chlorothalonil, respectively. In summary, the prevalence of MGUS among pesticide applicators was twice that in a population-based sample of men from Minnesota, adding support to the hypothesis that specific pesticides are causatively linked to myelomagenesis. (Blood. 2009; 113: 6386-6391) C1 [Landgren, Ola] NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Canc Res, Med Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Landgren, Ola; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Alavanja, Michael C.] NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kyle, Robert A.; Cerhan, James R.; Katzmann, Jerry A.; Rajkumar, S. Vincent] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Landgren, O (reprint author), NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Canc Res, Med Oncol Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 10 Rm 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM landgreo@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Cerhan, James/0000-0002-7482-178X; Rajkumar, S. Vincent/0000-0002-5862-1833 FU NCI [CA 62242, CA 107476, Z01-CP010119]; NIH; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG); NIEHS [Z01-ES049030] FX This work was supported by NCI (research grants CA 62242 and CA 107476); the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG); the NIEHS (Z01-ES049030); and the NCI (Z01-CP010119). NR 46 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 25 BP 6386 EP 6391 DI 10.1182/blood-2009-02-203471 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 459XV UT WOS:000267147400021 PM 19387005 ER PT J AU Tudor, C Marchese, FP Hitti, E Aubareda, A Rawlinson, L Gaestel, M Blackshear, PJ Clark, AR Saklatvala, J Dean, JLE AF Tudor, Corina Marchese, Francesco P. Hitti, Edward Aubareda, Anna Rawlinson, Lesley Gaestel, Matthias Blackshear, Perry J. Clark, Andrew R. Saklatvala, Jeremy Dean, Jonathan L. E. TI The p38 MAPK pathway inhibits tristetraprolin-directed decay of interleukin-10 and pro-inflammatory mediator mRNAs in murine macrophages SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Tristetraprolin; Interleukin-10; COX-2 ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; AU-RICH ELEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STABILITY; DEADENYLATION; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; INVOLVEMENT; REGULATOR; ARTHRITIS AB p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) stabilises pro-inflammatory mediator mRNAs by inhibiting AU-rich element (ARE)-mediated decay. We show that in bone-marrow derived murine macrophages tristetraprolin (TTP) is necessary for the p38 MAPK-sensitive decay of several pro-inflammatory mRNAs, including cyclooxygenase-2 and the novel targets interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 alpha. TTP(-/-) macrophages also strongly overexpress IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine that constrains the production of the IL-6 despite its disregulation at the post-transcriptional level. TTP directly controls IL-10 mRNA stability, which is increased and insensitive to inhibition of p38 MAPK in TTP(-/-) macrophages. Furthermore, TTP enhances deadenylation of an IL-10 3'-untranslated region RNA in vitro. (C) 2009 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tudor, Corina; Marchese, Francesco P.; Aubareda, Anna; Rawlinson, Lesley; Clark, Andrew R.; Saklatvala, Jeremy; Dean, Jonathan L. E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Kennedy Inst Rheumatol Div, London W6 8LH, England. [Hitti, Edward; Gaestel, Matthias] Hannover Med Sch, Inst Biochem, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dean, JLE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Kennedy Inst Rheumatol Div, 65 Aspenlea Rd, London W6 8LH, England. EM jonathan.dean@imperial.ac.uk OI Clark, Andy/0000-0003-4996-8322; Gaestel, Matthias/0000-0002-4944-4652 FU BBSRC; GlaxoSmithKline; MRC; ARC FX We thank M. Brook and J. Steitz for reagents. C. T. was supported by a CASE studentship from the BBSRC and GlaxoSmithKline. We are also grateful to the MRC and the ARC for support. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 583 IS 12 BP 1933 EP 1938 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.04.039 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 468EM UT WOS:000267797800019 PM 19416727 ER PT J AU McKeen, S Grell, G Peckham, S Wilczak, J Djalalova, I Hsie, EY Frost, G Peischl, J Schwarz, J Spackman, R Holloway, J de Gouw, J Warneke, C Gong, W Bouchet, V Gaudreault, S Racine, J McHenry, J McQueen, J Lee, P Tang, Y Carmichael, GR Mathur, R AF McKeen, S. Grell, G. Peckham, S. Wilczak, J. Djalalova, I. Hsie, E. -Y. Frost, G. Peischl, J. Schwarz, J. Spackman, R. Holloway, J. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Gong, W. Bouchet, V. Gaudreault, S. Racine, J. McHenry, J. McQueen, J. Lee, P. Tang, Y. Carmichael, G. R. Mathur, R. TI An evaluation of real-time air quality forecasts and their urban emissions over eastern Texas during the summer of 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; OZONE FORMATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; TRACE-P; PART I; ART.; HOUSTON; CHEMISTRY AB Forecasts of ozone (O-3) and particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5 mu m, PM2.5) from seven air quality forecast models (AQFMs) are statistically evaluated against observations collected during August and September of 2006 (49 days) through the Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNow) network throughout eastern Texas and adjoining states. Ensemble O-3 and PM2.5 forecasts created by combining the seven separate forecasts with equal weighting, and simple bias-corrected forecasts, are also evaluated in terms of standard statistical measures, threshold statistics, and variance analysis. For O-3 the models and ensemble generally show statistical skill relative to persistence for the entire region, but fail to predict high-O-3 events in the Houston region. For PM2.5, none of the models, or ensemble, shows statistical skill, and all but one model have significant low bias. Comprehensive comparisons with the full suite of chemical and aerosol measurements collected aboard the NOAA WP-3 aircraft during the summer 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS II/GoMACCS) field study are performed to help diagnose sources of model bias at the surface. Aircraft flights specifically designed for sampling of Houston and Dallas urban plumes are used to determine model and observed upwind or background biases, and downwind excess concentrations that are used to infer relative emission rates. Relative emissions from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 National Emission Inventory (NEI-99) version 3 emissions inventory (used in two of the model forecasts) are evaluated on the basis of comparisons between observed and model concentration difference ratios. Model comparisons demonstrate that concentration difference ratios yield a reasonably accurate measure (within 25%) of relative input emissions. Boundary layer height and wind data are combined with the observed up-wind and downwind concentration differences to estimate absolute emissions. When the NEI-99 inventory is modified to include observed NOy emissions from continuous monitors and expected NOx decreases from mobile sources between 1999 and 2006, good agreement is found with those derived from the observations for both Houston and Dallas. However, the emission inventories consistently overpredict the ratio of CO to NOy. The ratios of ethylene and aromatics to NOy are reasonably consistent with observations over Dallas, but are significantly underpredicted for Houston. Excess ratios of PM2.5 to NOy reasonably match observations for most models but the organic carbon fraction of PM2.5 is significantly underpredicted, pointing to compensating error between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and primary emissions within the models' photochemistry and emissions. Rapid SOA formation associated with both Houston and Dallas is inferred to occur within 1 to 3 h downwind of the urban centers, and none of the models reproduce this feature. C1 [McKeen, S.; Grell, G.; Peckham, S.; Djalalova, I.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J.; Spackman, R.; Holloway, J.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKeen, S.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J.; Spackman, R.; Holloway, J.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bouchet, V.; Gaudreault, S.; Racine, J.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wilczak, J.; Djalalova, I.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gong, W.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Grell, G.; Peckham, S.] NOAA, Global Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mathur, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McHenry, J.] N Carolina Supercomp Ctr, Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McQueen, J.; Tang, Y.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP McKeen, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; NOAA Air Quality Program; NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology FX This research is partially funded by Early Start Funding from the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Air Quality Program, and the NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology. Credit for program support and management is given to Paula Davidson (NOAA/NWS/OST), Steve Fine (NOAA/ARL), and Jim Meagher (NOAA/ESRL/CSD). Michael Trainer (NOAA/ESRL/CSD) designed and managed the WP-3 flight plans that were instrumental in this work. The thoughtful comments of two reviewers are highly appreciated. This work would not be possible without the measurements collected on board the NOAA WP-3 aircraft by the following people within NOAA/ESRL/CSD: aerosol volume measurements by Chuck Brock, aerosol mass spectrometer measurements by Ann Middlebrook and Roya Bahreini, NOy and NOx measurements by Tom Ryerson. Computational and logistic assistance from the following individuals and organizations is also gratefully appreciated: Carlie Coats (Baron AMS), Ted Smith (Baron AMS), Don Olerud (Baron AMS), Jeff Vukovich (Baron AMS) for emissions used by BAMS and the University of Iowa, Sophie Cousineau (EC/MSC), L.-P. Crevier (EC/MSC), Hugo Landry (EC/SMC), Mike Moran (S&T/EC), Paul Makar (S&T/EC), Balbir Pabla (S&T/EC), and the NOAA/FSL High Performance Computing Facility. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 75 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F11 DI 10.1029/2008JD011697 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460KS UT WOS:000267187200008 ER PT J AU Matott, LS Babendreier, JE Purucker, ST AF Matott, L. Shawn Babendreier, Justin E. Purucker, S. Thomas TI Evaluating uncertainty in integrated environmental models: A review of concepts and tools SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; WATER-QUALITY MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; RELIABILITY METHODS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS AB This paper reviews concepts for evaluating integrated environmental models and discusses a list of relevant software-based tools. A simplified taxonomy for sources of uncertainty and a glossary of key terms with "standard'' definitions are provided in the context of integrated approaches to environmental assessment. These constructs provide a reference point for cataloging 65 different model evaluation tools. Each tool is described briefly (in the auxiliary material) and is categorized for applicability across seven thematic model evaluation methods. Ratings for citation count and software availability are also provided, and a companion Web site containing download links for tool software is introduced. The paper concludes by reviewing strategies for tool interoperability and offers guidance for both practitioners and tool developers. C1 [Matott, L. Shawn; Babendreier, Justin E.; Purucker, S. Thomas] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Matott, L. Shawn] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Matott, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM lsmatott@uwaterloo.ca; babendreier.justin@epa.gov; purucker.tom@epa.gov NR 186 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 11 U2 78 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 17 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W06421 DI 10.1029/2008WR007301 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 460MZ UT WOS:000267193100001 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERSONAL-CARE PRODUCTS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ASSISTED EMULSIFICATION-MICROEXTRACTION; NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA FORMATION C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 250 TC 212 Z9 228 U1 16 U2 135 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 12 BP 4645 EP 4677 DI 10.1021/ac9008012 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 457XN UT WOS:000266969700004 PM 19456142 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M de la Cruz, AA Stathatos, E Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel de la Cruz, Armah A. Stathatos, Elias Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Visible light-activated N-F-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR in water SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis CY OCT 04-08, 2008 CL Palermo, ITALY DE Visible light; Microcystin-LR; Titanium dioxide; Photocatalysis; Fluorine doping; Nitrogen doping; Sol-gel method ID NITROGEN-DOPED TIO2; FLUORINATED SURFACTANT; DRIVEN PHOTOCATALYSIS; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; FILMS; POWDERS; PEROXYMONOSULFATE; NANOCATALYST; DESTRUCTION; SILICA AB In this study, we developed nonmetal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (N-F-TiO2) by a novel synthesis route employing a simple sol-gel method containing a nonionic fluorosurfactant as pore template material to tailor-design the structural properties of TiO2 and fluorine dopant as well as ethylenediamine as nitrogen source for the photocatalytic response towards visible light. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy, XPS, HR-TEM, ESEM and porosimetry measurements. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited enhanced structural properties such as high surface area (141 m(2)/g), high porosity (49%), mesoporous structure (2-10 nm pore size) and low degree of agglomeration (1.07). A reduction in the effective band gap (2.75 eV) was observed compared with reference TiO2 (3.00 eV) due to the red-shift in the optical absorption spectrum of the nonmetal-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. We also focused on the environmental application of the prepared nanoparticles for the destruction of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm). Under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 +/- 0.1), the highest MC-LR degradation rate was achieved with N-F-TiO2. The electrostatic interactions between the toxin and the N-F-codoped TiO2 favored the photocatalytic degradation. Beneficial effects induced by codoping with nitrogen and fluorine are responsible for higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2 nanoparticles with only fluorine or nitrogen doping. Also, commercially available visible light-activated TiO2 showed lower degradation rate per unit surface area of the material. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stathatos, Elias] Inst Educ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Patras 26334, Greece. [Falaras, Polycarpos] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens 15310, Greece. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 37 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 7 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2008.12.022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 457YI UT WOS:000266973600005 ER PT J AU Stout, DM Bradham, KD Egeghy, PP Jones, PA Croghan, CW Ashley, PA Pinzer, E Friedman, W Brinkman, MC Nishioka, MG Cox, DC AF Stout, Daniel M., II Bradham, Karen D. Egeghy, Peter P. Jones, Paul A. Croghan, Carry W. Ashley, Peter A. Pinzer, Eugene Friedman, Warren Brinkman, Marielle C. Nishioka, Marcia G. Cox, David C. TI American Healthy Homes Survey: A National Study of Residential Pesticides Measured from Floor Wipes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURES; CHILDREN AB The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in collaboration with the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducted a survey measuring lead, allergens, and insecticides in a randomly selected nationally representative sample of residential homes. Multistage sampling with clustering was used to select the 1131 homes of which a subset of 500 randomly selected homes included the collection of hard surface floor wipes. Samples were collected by trained field technicians between June 2005 and March 2006 using isopropanol wetted wipes. Samples were analyzed for a suite of 24 compounds which included insecticides in the organochlorine, organophosphate, pyrethroid and phenylpyrazole classes, and the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide. The most commonly detected were permethrin (89%), chlorpyrifos (78%), chlordane (64%, piperonyl butoxide (52%), cypermethrin (46%), and fipronil (40%). Mean and geometric mean (GM) concentrations varied widely among compounds, but were highest for trans-permethrin (mean 2.22 ng/cm(2) and GM 0.14 ng/cm(2)) and cypermethrin (mean 2.9 ng/cm(2) and GM 0.03 ng/cm(2)). Results show that most floors in occupied homes in the U.S. have measurable levels of insecticides that may serve as sources of exposure to occupants. C1 [Stout, Daniel M., II; Bradham, Karen D.; Egeghy, Peter P.; Jones, Paul A.; Croghan, Carry W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ashley, Peter A.; Pinzer, Eugene; Friedman, Warren] US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC 20410 USA. [Brinkman, Marielle C.; Nishioka, Marcia G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Cox, David C.] Quantech, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Stout, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stout.dan@epa.gov OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 NR 19 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4294 EP 4300 DI 10.1021/es8030243 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500014 PM 19603637 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Cai, Y Mao, YX Scheidt, D Kalla, P Richards, J Scinto, LJ Tachiev, G Roelant, D Appleby, C AF Liu, Guangliang Cai, Yong Mao, Yuxiang Scheidt, Daniel Kalla, Peter Richards, Jennifer Scinto, Leonard J. Tachiev, Georgio Roelant, David Appleby, Charlie TI Spatial Variability in Mercury Cycling and Relevant Biogeochemical Controls in the Florida Everglades SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; GASEOUS MERCURY; SURFACE WATERS; FOOD WEBS; BINDING; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; METHYLATION AB Spatial patterns in mercury cycling and bioaccumulation at the landscape level in the Everglades were investigated by collecting and analyzing multimedia samples for mercury species and biogeochemical characteristics from 228 randomly located stations. Higher total mercury (THg) in environmental compartments (surface water, soil, flocculent detrital material (floc), and periphyton) generally occurred in the northern and central Everglades, but higher THg in water and periphyton in the Everglades National Park was an exception. Multiple biogeochemical characteristics, such as surface water dissolved organic matter (DOC(SW)), pH, chloride, and compositional properties of solid compartments (soil and floc), were identified to be important factors controlling THg distribution. Methylmercury (MeHg) was also higher in the northern Everglades for water, soil, and floc, but not for periphyton. Higher mosquitofish THg and bioaccumulation factor were observed in the central and southern Everglades, partially in accordance with periphyton MeHg distribution, but not in the "hot spot" areas of water, soil, or floc MeHg. The discrepancy in mercury bioaccumulation and mercury distribution in environmental compartments suggests that in addition to MeHg production, biogeochemical controls that make MeHg available to aquatic organisms, such as DOC(SW) and compositional properties of soil and floc, are important in mercury bioaccumulation. C1 [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong; Mao, Yuxiang] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong; Scinto, Leonard J.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Scheidt, Daniel] US EPA, Water Management Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kalla, Peter; Appleby, Charlie] US EPA, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Richards, Jennifer] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Tachiev, Georgio; Roelant, David] Florida Int Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Cai, Y (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM cai@fiu.edu RI Cai, Yong/K-9868-2015 OI Cai, Yong/0000-0002-2811-4638 FU U.S. EPA Region 4; National Park Service, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) [CA H5297-05-008]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG01-05EW07033]; Natural Science Foundation of China FX This work was partially sponsored by U.S. EPA Region 4, the National Park Service, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) (CA H5297-05-008), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG01-05EW07033), and the Natural Science Foundation of China. We thank Damaris Hernandez, Sandra Zapata, and Leonel Londono at FIU Mercury Laboratory (SERCMLAB), Tim Fitzpatrick at FDEP, and Brenda Lasorsa at Battelle Marine Science Laboratory for sample analysis. We thank Phyllis Meyer and Mel Parsons at EPA Region 4 for sampling support. We greatly acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the earlier version of this paper. This is contribution No. 432 of Southeast Environmental Research Center at FIU. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4361 EP 4366 DI 10.1021/es803665c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500024 PM 19603647 ER PT J AU Gerke, TL Scheckel, KG Schock, MR AF Gerke, Tammie L. Scheckel, Kirk G. Schock, Michael R. TI Identification and Distribution of Vanadinite (Pb-5(V5+O4)(3)Cl in Lead Pipe Corrosion By-Products SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; DRINKING-WATER; HYDROXYAPATITE; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE; PYROMORPHITE; ACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; V(IV); V(V) AB This study presents the first detailed look at vanadium (V) speciation in drinking water pipe corrosion scales. A pool of 34scale layers from 15 lead or lead-lined pipes representing eight different municipal drinking water distribution systems in the Northeastern and Midwestern portions of the United States were examined. Diverse synchrotron-based techniques, including bulk XANES (X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy), mu-XANES, mu-XRD (X-ray diffraction), and mu-XRF (X-ray fluorescence) mapping were employed along with traditional powder XRD, SEM-EDXA (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis), and ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) to evaluate vanadium speciation and distribution in these deposits. Vanadinite (Pb-5(VO4)(3)Cl) was positively identified, and occurred most frequently in the surface layers. Low V-tot in these waters is likely the limiting factor in the abundance of vanadinite in the pipe scales, along with the existence of divalent lead. The occurrence of V in these samples as a discrete mineral is important because it is formed in the presence of very low concentrations of V in the finished water, it provides a mechanism to concentrate mu g.L-1 amounts of V from the water to near-percent levels in the pipe scales, and the robustness of V accumulation and release in response to water chemistry changes is likely different than it would be with a sorption accumulation mechanism. Extrapolation from limited existing water chemistry data in this study provides an estimate of Delta G(f)degrees for vanadinite as approximately -3443 kJ,mol(-1), or less, leading to a log K-s0 value of approximately -86 for the reaction Pb-5(VO4)(3)CI(s) reversible arrow {Pb2+}(5) + {VO43-} + {Cl-} in which {}denotes activity. C1 [Scheckel, Kirk G.; Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gerke, Tammie L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Schock, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schock.Michael@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4412 EP 4418 DI 10.1021/es900501t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500032 PM 19603655 ER PT J AU D'Eon, JC Crozier, PW Furdui, VI Reiner, EJ Libelo, EL Mabury, SA AF D'Eon, Jessica C. Crozier, Patrick W. Furdui, Vasile I. Reiner, Eric J. Libelo, E. Laurence Mabury, Scott A. TI Observation of a Commercial Fluorinated Material, the Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphoric Acid Diesters, in Human Sera, Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge, and Paper Fibers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOL BIODEGRADATION; PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; HUMAN BLOOD; EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; CHEMICALS; FOOD AB Sources of human exposure to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are not well-characterized. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acids (PAPs) are fluorinated surfactants used in human food contact paper products. PAPs can migrate into food and food simulants, and their bioavailability and biotransformation into PFCAs has been demonstrated using a rat model. To characterize human exposure to PAP materials, we analyzed pooled human sera samples collected in 2004 and 2005 (n = 10) and 2008 (n = 10) from the midwestern United States for the 4:2 through 10:2 PAP diesters (diPAPs). The 2004 and 2005 sera samples contained 4.5 mu g/L total diPAPs, with the 6:2 diPAP dominating the congener profile at 1.9 +/- 0.4 mu g/L DiPAP concentrations observed in the 2004 and 2005 human sera samples were similar to those of the C8 to C11 PFCAs (0.13 +/- 0.01 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mu g/L) monitored in the same samples. 6:2 diPAP was also consistently observed in the 2008 human sera samples at a mean concentration of 0.63 +/- 0.13 mu g/L. As diPAPs have been shown to degrade to PFCAs; in vivo, our observation of diPAPs in human sera may be a direct connection between the legacy of human PFCA contamination and PAPs commercial applications. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge and paper fibers were analyzed for diPAPs as a proxy for human use and potential exposure to diPAPs. DiPAPs were observed in WWTP sludge at concentrations ranging from 47 +/- 22 to 200 +/- 130 ng/g, a range similar to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (100 +/- 70 ng/g) and greater than the C8 to C11 PFCAs (1.6 +/- 0.6 to 0.17 +/- 0.10 ng/g) observed in the same samples. DiPAPs were observed in paper fiber extracts at concentrations ranging from 34 +/- 30 to 2200 +/- 400 ng/g. The high diPAP concentrations in WWTP sludge suggest PAP materials may be prevalent in our daily lives. C1 [D'Eon, Jessica C.; Furdui, Vasile I.; Mabury, Scott A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Crozier, Patrick W.; Reiner, Eric J.] Ontario Minist Environm, Lab Serv Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. [Libelo, E. Laurence] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mabury, SA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM smabury@chem.utoronto.ca RI Furdui, Vasile/A-4916-2009; OI Furdui, Vasile/0000-0003-2340-3614; Reiner, Eric /0000-0002-5349-2139 NR 38 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4589 EP 4594 DI 10.1021/es900100d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500058 PM 19603681 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Dailey, L Walters, G Devlin, RB AF Volckens, John Dailey, Lisa Walters, Glenn Devlin, Robert B. TI Direct Particle-to-Cell Deposition of Coarse Ambient Particulate Matter Increases the Production of Inflammatory Mediators from Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; EXPOSURE SYSTEM; INTERFACE; TOXICITY; RELEASE; FINE AB Exposure of cultured cells to particulate matter air pollution is usually accomplished by collecting particles on a solid matrix, extracting the particles from the matrix, suspending them in liquid, and applying the suspension to cells grown on plastic and submerged in medium. The objective of this work was to develop a more physiologically and environmentally relevant model of air pollutant deposition on cultures of human primary airway epithelial cells. We hypothesize that the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter depends strongly on both the particulate dispersion state and the mode of delivery to cells. Our exposure system employs a combination of unipolar charging and electrostatic force to deposit particles directly from the air onto cells grown at an air-liquid interface in a heated, humidified exposure chamber. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to concentrated, coarse ambient particulate matter in this system expressed increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers at 1 h following exposure and relative to controls exposed to particle-free air. More importantly, these effects are seen at particulate loadings that are 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than levels applied using traditional in vitro systems. C1 [Volckens, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dailey, Lisa; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Clin Res Lab, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Walters, Glenn] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.volckens@colostate.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5K25ES-014378, K25 ES014378, K25 ES014378-01A1] NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4595 EP 4599 DI 10.1021/es900698a PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500059 PM 19603682 ER PT J AU Boese, BL Kaldy, JE Clinton, PJ Eldridge, PM Folger, CL AF Boese, Bruce L. Kaldy, James E. Clinton, Patrick J. Eldridge, Peter M. Folger, Christina L. TI Recolonization of intertidal Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) following experimental shoot removal SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intertidal; Physical disturbance; Recolonization; Zostera marina ID THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SEAGRASS BEDS; COASTAL WATERS; NATIONAL-PARK; SEED; RECRUITMENT; DISTURBANCE; ESTUARY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISPERSAL AB The recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina) from physical disturbances is understudied and no attention has been given to the likely differences in damage recovery rates between the continuous lower intertidal perennial meadows and higher intertidal eelgrass patches. In the present study, 4 m(2) plots were treated by removing all eelgrass shoots and followed over a 3 year period until they attained control (untreated) plot shoot densities. The number and types of shoots (vegetative, reproductive, and seedling) were counted semimonthly with comparisons made between experimental and control plots. In the second year of the study additional plots were denuded and sown with Z. marina seeds to evaluate the importance of seedlings in the recovery process. Our results suggest that recovery in both low and high intertidal plots was due exclusively to rhizome growth from adjacent perennial eelgrass. This recovery began immediately within the permanent eelgrass meadow and was complete within 24 months. Denuded transition zone patches took almost twice as long to recover to control densities. Natural seedling production appeared to play no part in recovery When larger numbers of seeds were planted into denuded plots in the winter, only a small portion of them produced seedlings in the spring and none appear to survive through the summer. These experimental eelgrass recovery rates were similar to recovery rates determined from aerial photographs of an eelgrass meadow damaged by a boat grounding near the study site. We suggest that transition zone perennial patches are more vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbance events than lower intertidal eelgrass meadows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Boese, Bruce L.; Kaldy, James E.; Clinton, Patrick J.; Eldridge, Peter M.; Folger, Christina L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97366 USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97366 USA. EM boese.bruce@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This information has been funded wholly by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. [SS] NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.04.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 460GN UT WOS:000267176300009 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI PCB congener sorption to carbonaceous sediment components: Macroscopic comparison and characterization of sorption kinetics and mechanism SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls; Sorption; Carbonaceous component; Sediment; 2-chlorobiphenyl ID SOOT-LIKE MATERIALS; BLACK CARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACTIVATED CARBON; PAH SPECIATION; ADSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; DECHLORINATION; CONTAMINANTS AB Sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to sediment is a key process in determining their mobility, bioavailability, and chemical decomposition in aquatic environments. In order to examine the validity of currently used interpretation approaches for PCBs sorption, comparative results on 2-chlorobiphenyl sorption to carbonaceous components in sediments (activated carbon, carbon black, coal. soot, graphite, flyash, wood) were macroscopically correlated with the structural, morphological, crystallographic, and compositional properties of the carbonaceous components. Since the Freundlich sorption constant, K(F) (L kg(-1)) spanned several orders of magnitude, ranging from log K(F) of 6.13-5.27 for activated carbon, 5.04 for carbon black, 3.83 for coal to 3.08 for wood, organic carbon partitioning approach should be More specifically categorized, considering the various forms, nature and origins of organic carbon in sediment. Sorption rate constants and fraction parameters, which were numerically defined from empirical kinetic model with fast and slow sorption fractions, were closely related to the physicochemical properties of the carbonaceous components. Sorption interpretation approaches with a specific property and viewpoint, such as organic carbon partitioning, soot carbon distribution, or surface area correlation, did not properly explain the overall results oil sorption capacity, fast and slow sorption kinetics, and partitioning coefficient. It is also important to emphasize the heterogeneous nature of sediment and the difficulties of encompassing the partitioning among its carbonaceous components. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not Constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors recognize the support of Mr. Eric Graybill of Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. for sample preparation and analysis using GC/MS and Dr. QiLIjing Yang at University of Cincinnati for sample characterization. The authors greatly appreciate Norit Americas Inc. for their generous donation of the activated carbon. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.100 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446KY UT WOS:000266121700113 PM 19059706 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA White, C Nadagouda, MN Worrall, A AF Lytle, Darren A. White, Colin Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Worrall, Adam TI Crystal and morphological phase transformation of Pb(II) to Pb(IV) in chlorinated water SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Morphology; PbO(2); X-ray diffraction; Crystal structure; Drinking water ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING-WATER; LEAD; REDUCTION; SOLUBILITY; CARBONATE AB Herein, we show an important transformation of Pb(II) to Pb(IV) in chlorinated water under laboratory conditions. The study results will give an insight toward understanding how corrosion by-products on lead materials found in drinking water distribution systems develop and breakdown with time. The experiments were conducted to elucidate the morphology of lead (IV) oxide mineral transformation from hydrocerussite and its relationship to color change over a period of time. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe the surface morphology, shape and size of lead solids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the mineral structure of lead solids. Solids analysis results were compared over a 14-day period of time to define changes in the crystal structure and morphology of lead solids. XRD analysis results of freshly synthesized lead solids showed that hydrocerussite, [Pb(3)(CO(3))(2)(OH)(2)], was the only lead mineral present. After 14 days, a mixture of cerussite (PbCO(3)) and alpha-PbO(2) and beta-PbO(2) was present. Lead precipitates, i.e. hydrocerussite changed color from white to reddish brown confirming a transformation of the lead phase with time. This was correlated to a change in morphology from flower shaped crystals to hexagonal bars and submicron particles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.; White, Colin] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Worrall, Adam] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov; white.colin@epa.gov; Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; worralad@email.uc.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 1234 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.058 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446KY UT WOS:000266121700168 PM 19081184 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Wickham, JD Fattorini, L Wade, TD Baffetta, F Smith, JH AF Stehman, Stephen V. Wickham, James D. Fattorini, Lorenzo Wade, Timothy D. Baffetta, Federica Smith, Jonathan H. TI Estimating accuracy of land-cover composition from two-stage cluster sampling SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sampling design; Horvitz-Thompson estimation; Multiple objectives ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; USA COAST RANGE; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; SATELLITE DATA; DATA SETS; MAPS; AREA; VALIDATION AB Land-cover maps are often used to compute land-cover composition (i.e., the proportion or percent of area covered by each class), for each unit in a spatial partition of the region mapped. We derive design-based estimators of mean deviation (MD), mean absolute deviation (MAD), root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation (CORR) to quantify accuracy of land-cover composition for a general two-stage cluster sampling design, and for the special case of simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) at each stage. The bias of the estimators for the two-stage SRSWOR design is evaluated via a simulation study. The estimators of RMSE and CORR have small bias except when sample size is small and the land-cover class is rare. The estimator of MAD is biased for both rare and common land-cover classes except when sample size is large. A general recommendation is that rare land-cover classes require large sample sizes to ensure that the accuracy estimators have small bias. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fattorini, Lorenzo] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Metodi Quantitat, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Baffetta, Federica] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Stat G Parenti, Florence, Italy. [Smith, Jonathan H.] US Geol Survey, Geog Anal & Monitoring Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1236 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.011 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 446LP UT WOS:000266123400011 ER PT J AU Elleman, RA Covert, DS AF Elleman, Robert A. Covert, David S. TI Aerosol size distribution modeling with the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system in the Pacific Northwest: 2. Parameterizations for ternary nucleation and nucleation mode processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC-ACID; PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOWER FRASER VALLEY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; REGIONAL AEROSOLS; WATER NUCLEATION; ORGANIC VAPORS; GROWTH-RATES AB In order to test Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model performance for ultrafine particle concentrations in the Pacific Northwest, CMAQ v4.4 was modified for ternary NH3-H2SO4-H2O nucleation and for atmospheric processing of ultrafine particles. Sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide oxidation is iteratively partitioned into gaseous sulfuric acid, newly condensed aerosol sulfate, and aerosol sulfuric acid contained in new 1 nm particles. Freshly nucleated particles are either coagulated to larger particles or grown by sulfuric acid condensation to 10 nm at which point they are included in CMAQ's existing Aitken mode. Multiple nucleation parameterizations were implemented into CMAQ, and one other was investigated in a sensitivity analysis. For a case study in the Pacific Northwest where aerosol number concentration and size distributions were measured, standard binary nucleation in CMAQ produces nearly no particles for this case study. Ternary nucleation can produce millions of 1 nm particles per cm 3, but few of these particles survive coagulation loss and grow to 10 nm and into the Aitken mode. There are occasions when the additions to CMAQ increase the number of particles to within an order of magnitude of observations, but it is more common for number concentrations to remain underpredicted by, on average, one order of magnitude. Significant particle nucleation in CMAQ successfully produces a distinct Aitken and accumulation mode and an Aitken mode that is more prominent than the accumulation mode, although errors in the size distribution remain. A more recent ternary nucleation scheme including ammonium bisulfate clusters does not nucleate an appreciable number of particles. C1 [Elleman, Robert A.; Covert, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Elleman, RA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 6th Ave,Suite 900,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM elleman.robert@epa.gov FU Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health [R827355]; NSF [ATM0337853] FX This work was supported by the Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health ( U. S. EPA grant R827355), NW-AIRQUEST consortium of air quality agencies in the Pacific Northwest, U. S. EPA Region 10 in Seattle, and NSF grant ATM0337853. We thank Jeff Arnold of the U. S. EPA, Cliff Mass of the University of Washington, and Tim Larson of the University of Washington for helpful suggestions and comments. We also thank the Laboratory for Atmospheric Research at Washington State University for technical and computing assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Environment Canada, Washington Department of Ecology, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and IMPROVE program for use of field NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D11207 DI 10.1029/2009JD012187 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 458FV UT WOS:000267001600001 ER PT J AU Elleman, RA Covert, DS AF Elleman, Robert A. Covert, David S. TI Aerosol size distribution modeling with the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system in the Pacific Northwest: 1. Model comparison to observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOWER FRASER VALLEY; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; MAJOR HIGHWAY; POLLUTION; CMAQ AB This paper evaluates aerosol number and mass concentrations from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system at the 4 km scale against detailed airborne and surface measurements from the coordinated Pacific Northwest 2001 and Pacific 2001 field campaigns. Several investigators have tested CMAQ's prediction of PM2.5 mass, but relatively little attention has been paid to its representation of other subranges of the particulate size distribution. In addition, few have examined CMAQ aerosol performance in the unique Pacific Northwest emission and meteorological conditions. Airborne measurements show an underprediction of aerosol number by a factor of 10-100, especially in the Aitken mode (i.e., ultrafine, < 100 nm diameter). This result cannot simply be explained by errors in gas-phase constituents. Errors in modeled ozone, NO, NOy, and SO2 exist, but the aerosol number underprediction is relatively constant while the gas-phase errors fluctuate in time and location. For the period of aircraft measurements, the surface PM2.5 mass normalized mean bias is 2%, -33%, and -38%. Speciated aerosol measurements reveal a large but intermittent positive bias in aerosol nitrate and organic mass. Errors in aerosol mass and composition are not consistent or large enough to explain the negative bias factor of 5 - 10 in accumulation mode particle number concentration and of 10 - 100 in total particle number concentration. The few other studies of CMAQ size distributions have found similar performance, the root of which has many potential causes and is worthy of future investigation. C1 [Elleman, Robert A.; Covert, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Elleman, RA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 6th Ave,Suite 900,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM elleman.robert@epa.gov FU Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health [R827355]; NSF [ATM0337853] FX This work was supported by the Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health (U.S. EPA grant R827355), NW-AIRQUEST consortium of air quality agencies in the Pacific Northwest, U.S. EPA Region 10 in Seattle, and NSF grant ATM0337853. We thank Jeff Arnold of the U.S. EPA, Cliff Mass of the University of Washington, and Tim Larson of the University of Washington for helpful suggestions and comments. We also thank the Laboratory for Atmospheric Research at Washington State University for technical and computing assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Environment Canada, Washington Department of Ecology, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and IMPROVE program for use of field data. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D11206 DI 10.1029/2008JD010791 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 458FU UT WOS:000267001500001 ER PT J AU Templeton, AR Kramer, MG Jarvis, J Kowalski, J Gange, S Schneider, MF Shao, QJ Zhang, GW Yeh, MF Tsai, HL Zhang, H Markham, RB AF Templeton, Alan R. Kramer, Melissa G. Jarvis, Joseph Kowalski, Jeanne Gange, Stephen Schneider, Michael F. Shao, Qiujia Zhang, Guang Wen Yeh, Mei-Fen Tsai, Hua-Ling Zhang, Hong Markham, Richard B. TI Multiple-infection and recombination in HIV-1 within a longitudinal cohort of women SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1 SUPERINFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; INDIVIDUALS; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; MODEL; GENE AB Background: Recombination between strains of HIV-1 only occurs in individuals with multiple infections, and the incidence of recombinant forms implies that multiple infection is common. Most direct studies indicate that multiple infection is rare. We determined the rate of multiple infection in a longitudinal study of 58 HIV-1 positive participants from The Women's Interagency HIV Study with a richer sampling design than previous direct studies, and we investigated the role of recombination and sampling design on estimating the multiple infection rate. Results: 40% of our sample had multiple HIV-1 infections. This rate of multiple infection is statistically consistent with previous studies once differences in sampling design are taken into account. Injection drug use significantly increased the incidence of multiple infections. In general there was rapid elimination of secondary strains to undetectable levels, but in 3 cases a superinfecting strain displaced the initial infecting strain and in two cases the strains coexisted throughout the study. All but one secondary strain was detected as an inter- and/or intra-genic recombinant. Injection drug use significantly increased the rate of observed recombinants. Conclusion: Our multiple infection rate is consistent with rates estimated from the frequency of recombinant forms of HIV-1. The fact that our results are also consistent with previous direct studies that had reported a much lower rate illustrates the critical role of sampling design in estimating this rate. Multiple infection and recombination significantly add to the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its evolutionary potential, and injection drug use significantly increases both. C1 [Templeton, Alan R.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kramer, Melissa G.; Jarvis, Joseph] Washington Univ, Div Biol & Biomed Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kramer, Melissa G.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kowalski, Jeanne; Yeh, Mei-Fen; Tsai, Hua-Ling] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gange, Stephen; Schneider, Michael F.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Shao, Qiujia; Zhang, Guang Wen; Zhang, Hong; Markham, Richard B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Templeton, AR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM temple_a@wustl.edu; kramer.melissa@epa.gov; jpjarvis@artsci.wustl.edu; jkowals1@jhmi.edu; sgange@jhsph.edu; mschneid@jhsph.edu; qshao@mmc.edu; gwzhang@jhmi.edu; mxy02@hotmail.com; htsai4@jhmi.edu; hzhang@jhsph.edu; rmarkham@jhsph.edu RI Templeton, Alan/F-5963-2011; OI Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X FU NIH [GM60730, GM65509]; National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Child Health & Human Development; National Institute on Drug Abuse [U01-AI-35004, U01-AI-31834, U01-AI-34994, AI-34989, U01-HD-32632, U01-AI-34993, U01-AI-42590]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01-DA/AI13347]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01-GM60730] FX This work was supported by NIH grants GM60730 and GM65509. Plasma specimens used as the source for data in this manuscript were collected by the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Collaborative Study Group with centers (Principal Investigators) at New York City/Bronx Consortium (Kathryn Anastos); Brooklyn, NY (Howard Minkoff); Washington DC Metropolitan Consortium (Mary Young); The Connie Wofsy Study Consortium of Northern California (Ruth Greenblatt, Herminia Palacio); Los Angeles County/Southern California Consortium (Alexandra Levine); Chicago Consortium (Mardge Cohen); Data Coordinating Center (Stephen Gange). The WIHS is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, with supplemental funding from the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01-AI-35004, U01-AI-31834, U01-AI-34994, AI-34989, U01-HD-32632, U01-AI-34993, U01-AI-42590). This research was also funded by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01-DA/AI13347 and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences R01-GM60730. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their excellent suggestions on an earlier draft of this work. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-6-54 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 463KM UT WOS:000267430800001 PM 19493346 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Montas, HJ AF Carleton, James N. Montas, Hubert J. TI Reactive transport in stratified flow fields with idealized heterogeneity SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Analytical solution; Dispersion; Velocity profile; Reactive transport; Wetlands ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TREATMENT WETLANDS; DISPERSION; MEDIA AB A two-dimensional equation governing the steady state spatial concentration distribution of a reactive constituent within a heterogeneous advective-dispersive flow field is solved analytically. The solution which is developed for the case of a single point source can be generalized to represent analogous situations with any number of separate point sources. A limiting case of special interest has a line source of constant concentration spanning the domain's upstream boundary. The work has relevance for improving understanding of reactive transport within various kinds of advection-dominated natural or engineered environments including rivers and streams, and bioreactors such as treatment wetlands. Simulations are used to examine quantitatively the impact that transverse dispersion (deviations from purely stochastic-convective flow) can have on mean concentration decline in the direction of flow. Results support the contention that transverse mixing serves to enhance the overall rate of reaction in such systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carleton, James N.] US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Montas, Hubert J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Mail Code 4305T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov; montas@umd.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 6 BP 906 EP 915 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.03.001 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 456ZW UT WOS:000266895000010 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Brobst, R. B. TI Fate of biosolids Cu and Zn in a semi-arid grassland SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 4 M HNO(3) extraction; Biosolids-borne metals; Mobility; Semi-arid grassland; Sequential extraction ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; CLAY LOAM SOIL; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SPECIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Biosolids land application applies varying trace metal amounts to Soils. Measuring total soil metals is typically performed to ensure environmental protection, Yet this technique does not quantify Which Soil phases play important metal release or attenuation roles. We assessed the distribution of biosolids-borne Cu and Zn associated with soluble/exchangeable, specifically adsorbed/carbonate-bound,,amorphous and crystalline Mn/Fe oxyhydroxide-bound, residual organic, and residual inorganic phases. Biosolids Were surface-applied (no incorporation) to experimental plots, at the Meadow Springs Ranch (40 53'46 '' N, 104 52'28 '' W) which is owned by the city of Fort Collins, CO, USA, in 1991 at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 2 1, and 30 Mg ha(-1). Plots were split in half in 2002, with one-half receiving biosolids at rates identical to 1991 rates. In 2003, 0-8, 8-15, and 15-30-cm soil depths were collected and subjected to 4 M HNO(3) digestion and Sequential fractionation. The 4 M HNO(3) extraction Suggested downward Cu transport, while Zn was immobilized ill the Soil Surface. The sequential extraction procedure, more sensitive to changes in soil metal Pools, Suggested that repeated biosolids application did not affect vertical Zn movement, but did increase the downward transport potential of organically complexed Cu. In the given time, organically complexed Cu was likely mineralized and subsequently associated with soil mineral oxide phases. Because bioavailability of Cu is associated with dissolved phases, and soluble/exchangeable Cu concentrations were below detection limits in the Subsoil, a reduction in environmental quality should be minimal. Still, we advocate that On coarse-textured semi-arid soils, biosolids application rates Should match the plant N needs to avoid potential downward trace metal transport. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU USEPA [CP988928-01] FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP988928-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We additionally thank the City of Fort Collins, Colorado for their continued support of this project. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438LK UT WOS:000265556700025 ER PT J AU Hubbell, BJ Fann, N Levy, JI AF Hubbell, Bryan J. Fann, Neal Levy, Jonathan I. TI Methodological considerations in developing local-scale health impact assessments: balancing national, regional, and local data SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Health impact assessment; Baseline incidence rate; BenMAP; Concentration-response function; Health impact function; Air quality modeling AB National-scale health impact assessments (HIAs) have been conducted for many years and have become reasonably systematized. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing HIA methods at local scales, in the context of Environmental Public Health Tracking and in other settings. This paper investigates the data and analytical challenges to estimating the incidence of health effects associated with changes in air pollution concentrations at the local scale, focusing on ozone and fine particulate matter. Although it could be argued that the local-scale HIA is simply a more geographically discrete version of the national-scale assessment and, therefore, has similar challenges, in practice, many key inputs in national-scale assessments are assumed to be spatially uniform or vary only at coarse geographic resolution. For a nationalscale assessment, this assumption may not contribute appreciable bias, but the bias could be significant for any individual location. Thus, local-scale assessments require more geographically resolved air quality data, concentration-response (C-R) functions, and baseline incidence rates than are often used. However, comprehensive local data may not be available, may be incomplete, or may be time-intensive and resource-intensive to develop, especially for C-R functions for which small-scale epidemiological studies will often be underpowered. Given this context, this paper considers how best to develop credible local-scale HIAs, identifying factors that contribute to variability across geographic areas, study designs, and time periods. This paper also describes which key sources of analytical uncertainty change as the scope shifts from the national to the local scale. These challenges notwithstanding, the paper concludes that a well-designed local-scale HIA, following key principles and recommendations, can be both informative and defensible. C1 [Hubbell, Bryan J.; Fann, Neal] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Levy, Jonathan I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Fann.neal@epa.gov OI Levy, Jonathan/0000-0002-1116-4006; Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11869-009-0037-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HR UT WOS:000208469600004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Parks, CG Deroo, LA Cawthon, RM Sandler, DP Chen, HL AF Xu, Qun Parks, Christine G. DeRoo, Lisa A. Cawthon, Richard M. Sandler, Dale P. Chen, Honglei TI Multivitamin use and telomere length in women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR OXIDATIVE-STRESS; PREDISPOSITION FACTOR; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CHRONIC DISEASE; CANCER RISK; VITAMIN-C; HEALTH; MORTALITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Background: Telomere length may be a marker of biological aging. Multivitamin supplements represent a major source of micronutrients, which may affect telomere length by modulating oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Objective: The objective was to examine whether multivitamin use is associated with longer telomeres in women. Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 586 early participants (age 35-74 y) in the Sister Study. Multivitamin use and nutrient intakes were assessed with a 146-item food-frequency questionnaire, and relative telomere length of leukocyte DNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: After age and other potential confounders were adjusted for, multivitamin use was associated with longer telomeres. Compared with nonusers, the relative telomere length of leukocyte DNA was on average 5.1% longer among daily multivitamin users (P for trend = 0.002). In the analysis of micronutrients, higher intakes of vitamins C and E from foods were each associated with longer telomeres, even after adjustment for multivitamin use. Furthermore, intakes of both nutrients were associated with telomere length among women who did not take multivitamins. Conclusion: This study provides the first epidemiologic evidence that multivitamin use is associated with longer telomere length among women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1857-63. C1 [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cawthon, Richard M.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES044005, Z01ES101986]; Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Concept Award [BC045286] FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES044005 AND Z01ES101986), and the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Concept Award (BC045286). NR 38 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1857 EP 1863 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26986 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500021 PM 19279081 ER PT J AU Madson, JG Lynch, DT Svoboda, J Ophardt, R Yanagida, J Putta, SK Bowles, A Trempus, CS Tennant, RW Hansen, LA AF Madson, Justin G. Lynch, David T. Svoboda, Jessica Ophardt, Rebecca Yanagida, Jodi Putta, Sumanth K. Bowles, Andrew Trempus, Carol S. Tennant, Raymond W. Hansen, Laura A. TI Erbb2 Suppresses DNA Damage-Induced Checkpoint Activation and UV-Induced Mouse Skin Tumorigenesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-RECEPTOR; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; HUMAN CDC25A; CELL-CYCLE; PATHWAY; CHK1; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION AB The Erbb2 receptor is activated by UV irradiation, the primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer. We hypothesized that Erbb2 activation contributes to UV-induced skin tumorigenesis by suppressing cell cycle arrest. Consistent with this hypothesis, inhibition of Erbb2 in v-ras(Ha) transgenic mice before UV exposure resulted in both 56% fewer skin tumors and tumors that were 70% smaller. Inhibition of the UV-induced activation of Erbb2 also resulted in milder epidermal hyperplasia, S-phase accumulation, and decreased levels of the cell cycle regulator Cdc25a, suggesting altered cell cycle regulation on inhibition of Erbb2. Further investigation using inhibition or genetic deletion of Erbb2 in vitro revealed reduced Cdc25a levels and increased S-phase arrest in UV-irradiated cells lacking Erbb2 activity. Ectopic expression of Cdc25a prevented UV-induced S-phase arrest in keratinocytes lacking Erbb2 activity, demonstrating that maintenance of Cdc25a by Erbb2 suppresses cell cycle arrest. Examination of checkpoint pathway activation upstream of Cdc25a revealed Erbb2 activation did not alter Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related/Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated activity but increased inhibitory phosphorylation of Chk1-Ser(280). Since Akt phosphorylates; Chk1-Ser(280), the effect of Erbb2 on phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling during UV-induced cell cycle arrest was determined. Erbb2 ablation reduced the UV-induced activation of PI3K while inhibition of PI3K/Akt increased UV-induced S-phase arrest. Thus, UV-induced Erbb2 activation increases skin tumorigenesis through inhibitory phosphorylation of Chk1, Cdc25a maintenance, and suppression of S-phase arrest via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. (Am J Pathol 2009, 174:2357-4306; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080638) C1 [Hansen, Laura A.] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Trempus, Carol S.; Tennant, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hansen, LA (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM lhanqen@creighton.edu RI putta, sumanth/E-3933-2010 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P20 RR018759, 1RO1ES015585]; National Institute for Environmental, Health Sciences, NIH; State of Nebraska [LB595]; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [1 CO6 RR17417-01] FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). National Institute for Environmental and Health Sciences, NIH (grants P20 RR018759 and 1RO1ES015585) and by the State of Nebraska LB595 This investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grant Number 1 CO6 RR17417-01 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 174 IS 6 BP 2357 EP 2366 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080638 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 449ZT UT WOS:000266370600038 PM 19406993 ER PT J AU Esther, CR Boysen, G Olsen, BM Collins, LB Ghio, AJ Swenberg, JW Boucher, RC AF Esther, Charles R., Jr. Boysen, Gunnar Olsen, Bonnie M. Collins, Leonard B. Ghio, Andrew J. Swenberg, James W. Boucher, Richard C. TI Mass spectrometric analysis of biomarkers and dilution markers in exhaled breath condensate reveals elevated purines in asthma and cystic fibrosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenosine; adenosine monophosphate; urea ID AIRWAY SURFACE LIQUID; ADENOSINE RECEPTORS; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; MONOPHOSPHATE; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; CELLS; FLUID AB Esther CR Jr, Boysen G, Olsen BM, Collins LB, Ghio AJ, Swenberg JW, Boucher RC. Mass spectrometric analysis of biomarkers and dilution markers in exhaled breath condensate reveals elevated purines in asthma and cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L987-L993, 2009. First published March 20, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajplung.90512.2008.-Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analyses promise simple and noninvasive methods to measure airway biomarkers but pose considerable methodological challenges. We utilized mass spectrometry to measure EBC purine biomarkers adenosine and AMP plus urea to control for dilutional variability in two studies: 1) a cross-sectional analysis of 28 healthy, 40 cystic fibrosis (CF), and 11 asthmatic children; and 2) a longitudinal analysis of 26 CF children before and after treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation. EBC adenosine, AMP, and urea were readily detected and quantified by mass spectrometry, and analysis suggested significant dilutional variability. Using biomarker-to-urea ratios to control for dilution, the EBC AMP-to-urea ratio was elevated in CF [median 1.3, interquartile range (IQR) 0.7-2.3] vs. control (median 0.75, IQR 0.3-1.4; P < 0.05), and the adenosine-to-urea ratio was elevated in asthma (median 1.5, IQR 0.9-2.9) vs. control (median 0.4, IQR 0.2-1.6; P < 0.05). Changes in EBC purine-to-urea ratios correlated with changes in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) (r = -0.53 AMP/urea, r = -0.55 adenosine/ urea; P < 0.01 for both) after CF exacerbation treatment. Similar results were observed using dilution factors calculated from serum-to-EBC urea ratios or EBC electrolytes, and the comparable ratios of EBC electrolytes to urea in CF and control (median 3.2, IQR 1.6-6.0 CF; median 5.5, IQR 1.4-7.7 control) validated use of airway urea as an EBC dilution marker. These results show that mass spectrometric analyses can be applied to measurement of purines in EBC and demonstrate that EBC adenosine-to-urea and AMP-to-urea ratios are potential noninvasive biomarkers of airways disease. C1 [Esther, Charles R., Jr.; Olsen, Bonnie M.] Univ N Carolina, Div Pediat Pulmonol, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Boysen, Gunnar; Collins, Leonard B.; Swenberg, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Boucher, Richard C.] Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Esther, CR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Pediat Pulmonol, 5th Floor Bioinformat,CB 7217, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM charles_esther@med.unc.edu OI Boysen, Gunnar/0000-0001-8364-9881 FU UNC; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) [ESTHER07A, ESTHER07G]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30 ES-10126]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-34322, HL-084934, P50 HL-084934] FX C. R. Esther, Jr., was supported by the UNC Program for Translational Science and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF Grants ESTHER07A and ESTHER07G). C. R. Esther, Jr., G. Boysen, and J. W. Swenberg were supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant P30 ES-10126. R. C. Boucher was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants HL-34322, HL-084934, and P50 HL-084934 [Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR)]. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 296 IS 6 BP L987 EP L993 DI 10.1152/ajplung.90512.2008 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 450YQ UT WOS:000266438300015 PM 19304910 ER PT J AU Samet, JM Rappold, A Graff, D Cascio, WE Berntsen, JH Huang, YCT Herbst, M Bassett, M Montilla, T Hazucha, MJ Bromberg, PA Devlin, RB AF Samet, James M. Rappold, Ana Graff, Donald Cascio, Wayne E. Berntsen, Jon H. Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Herbst, Margaret Bassett, Maryann Montilla, Tracey Hazucha, Milan J. Bromberg, Philip A. Devlin, Robert B. TI Concentrated Ambient Ultrafine Particle Exposure Induces Cardiac Changes in Young Healthy Volunteers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; human; clinical study; heart rate variability; bronchoalveolar lavage ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; AIR-POLLUTION; FINE PARTICULATE; DAILY MORTALITY; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; COARSE PARTICLES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; INHALED PARTICLES AB Rationale: Exposure to ambient ultrafine particles has been associated with cardiopulmonary toxicity and mortality. Adverse effects specifically linked to ultrafine particles include loss of sympathovagal balance and altered hemostasis. Objectives: To characterize the effects of acute exposure to ambient ultrafine particles in young healthy humans. Methods: Nineteen healthy nonsmoking male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 were exposed to filtered air or to an atmosphere in which captured ultrafine (<0.16 mu m) particles were concentrated by a factor of up to 20-fold over ambient levels with the use of particle concentrators fitted with size-selective outlets (ultrafine concentrated ambient particles [UFCAPs]). Subjects underwent bronchoalveolar lavage 18 hours after each exposure. Cardiovascular endpoints measured included pulmonary function, clinical chemistry, and hematological parameters, as well as heart rate variability and repolarization indices. Measurements and Main Results: Exposure to UFCAPs was statistically associated with an increase in frequency domain markers of heart rate variability, specifically indicative of elevated vagal input to the heart. Consistent with this finding were increases in the variance associated with the duration of the QT interval. In addition, UFCAP exposure resulted in a significant increase in blood levels of the fibrin degradation product D-dimer as well as a modest elevation in the inflammatory chemokine IL-8 recovered in the lavage fluid. Conclusions: These findings show mild inflammatory and prothrombic responses and are suggestive of alterations in cardiac repolarization induced by UFCAP inhalation. C1 [Samet, James M.; Rappold, Ana; Graff, Donald; Huang, Yuh-Chin T.; Bassett, Maryann; Montilla, Tracey; Devlin, Robert B.] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Berntsen, Jon H.] TRC Corp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herbst, Margaret; Hazucha, Milan J.; Bromberg, Philip A.] Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov NR 71 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 179 IS 11 BP 1034 EP 1042 DI 10.1164/rccm.200807-1043OC PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 451ZK UT WOS:000266509200012 PM 19234105 ER PT J AU Wyrzykowska, B Tabor, D Gullett, BK AF Wyrzykowska, Barbara Tabor, Dennis Gullett, Brian K. TI Same-Sample Determination of Ultratrace Levels of Polybromodiphenylethers, Polybromodibenzo-p-dioxins/Furans, and Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/Furans from Combustion Flue Gas SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PBDE LEVELS; DIBENZOFURANS; CONGENERS; DECOMPOSITION; BIPHENYLS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB The analytical method used for determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) emissions from municipal waste combustors (MWCs) and other stationary sources was modified and validated to additionally allow for analysis of ultratrace levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PBDDs/Fs) from a common flue gas sample. Potential methodological problems related to physicochemical properties of brominated compounds, including UV- and temperature-induced debromination and degradation, were addressed. The selection of solvents, optimization of extraction time, and adaptation of the cleanup and fractionation steps increased mean recoveries of (13)C(12)-labeled PBDE and PBDD/F isotope dilution surrogates about 18% and 25%, respectively. The customary liquid chromatography isolation of PBDEs and PBDDs/Fs was replaced by optimization of high-resolution gas chromatography to separate target PBDFs (2,3,7,8-Br-substituted) from potentially interfering PBDEs before mass spectroscopic identification. The optimized method allowed quantitative determination of 56 mono- through decabromodiphenylether congeners, 15 congeners of 2,3,7-and 2,3,7,8-Br-substituted tri- to octabromodibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans, and all 210 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans present in the flue gas at levels of picogram, to microgram per normalized cubic meter. C1 [Wyrzykowska, Barbara; Tabor, Dennis; Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wyrzykowska, Barbara] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Postdoctoral Progra, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported in part by the appointment of the Postdoctoral Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors thank Dr. Abderrahmane Touati (ARCADIS Inc., U.SA) for his technical help and Dr. Heather Stapleton (Duke University) for providing standards of selected hepta- and octa-BDEs. We want to express special acknowledgments to all the staff at the MWC sampling site. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 11 BP 4334 EP 4342 DI 10.1021/ac900105a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 453HP UT WOS:000266601800026 PM 19422255 ER PT J AU Bailey, CM Kasiviswanathan, R Copeland, WC Anderson, KS AF Bailey, Christopher M. Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh Copeland, William C. Anderson, Karen S. TI R964C Mutation of DNA Polymerase gamma Imparts Increased Stavudine Toxicity by Decreasing Nucleoside Analog Discrimination and Impairing Polymerase Activity SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SUBUNIT; INHIBITORS; DRUGS AB The R964C mutation of human DNA polymerase gamma was recently linked to stavudine (d4T)-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. We utilized pre-steady-state kinetics to determine the effect of this mutation on incorporation of natural substrate dTTP and the active metabolite of d4T (d4TTP). The R964C polymerase gamma holoenzyme demonstrated a 33% decrease in dTTP incorporation efficiency and a threefold-lower d4TTP discrimination relative to that of the wild-type polymerase gamma, providing a mechanistic basis for genetic predisposition to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor toxicity. C1 [Bailey, Christopher M.; Anderson, Karen S.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Anderson, KS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM karen.anderson@yale.edu RI Kasiviswanathan, Rajesh/D-2744-2012; OI Bailey, Chris/0000-0002-5962-9511 FU NIH [GM49551, ES065080] FX This work was supported by NIH GM49551 to K. S. A. and NIH intramural research funds (ES065080) to W. C. C. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2610 EP 2612 DI 10.1128/AAC.01659-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 448DY UT WOS:000266244500052 PM 19364868 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Lindquist, HDA Cama, V Schaefer, FW Villegas, E Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Feng, YY Xiao, LH AF Yang, Wenli Lindquist, H. D. Alan Cama, Vitaliano Schaefer, Frank W., III Villegas, Eric Fayer, Ronald Lewis, Earl J. Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua TI Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Water Sample Concentrates by Real-Time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFER HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INTERNAL CONTROL; DRINKING-WATER; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY AB PCR techniques in combination with conventional parasite concentration procedures have potential for the sensitive and specific detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. Three real-time PCR assays based on the B1 gene and a 529-bp repetitive element were analyzed for the detection of T. gondii tachyzoites and oocysts. Lower sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the B1 gene-based PCR than with the 529-bp repeat-based PCR. New procedures for the real-time PCR detection of T. gondii oocysts in concentrates of surface water were developed and tested in conjunction with a method for the direct extraction of inhibitor-free DNA from water. This technique detected as few as one oocyst seeded to 0.5 ml of packed pellets from water samples concentrated by Envirocheck filters. Thus, this real-time PCR may provide a detection method alternative to the traditional mouse assay and microscopy. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yang, Wenli] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villegas, Eric] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fayer, Ronald] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewis, Earl J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014; Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU EPA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This study was supported in part by funds from the EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3477 EP 3483 DI 10.1128/AEM.00285-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800012 PM 19363083 ER PT J AU Rastogi, VK Wallace, L Smith, LS Ryan, SP Martin, B AF Rastogi, Vipin K. Wallace, Lalena Smith, Lisa S. Ryan, Shawn P. Martin, Blair TI Quantitative Method To Determine Sporicidal Decontamination of Building Surfaces by Gaseous Fumigants, and Issues Related to Laboratory-Scale Studies SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; SPORES; DISINFECTANTS AB Chlorine dioxide gas and vaporous hydrogen peroxide sterilant have been used in the cleanup of building interiors contaminated with spores of Bacillus anthracis. A systematic study, in collaboration with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, was jointly undertaken by the U. S. Army-Edgewood Chemical Biological Center to determine the sporicidal efficacies of these two fumigants on six building structural materials: carpet, ceiling tile, unpainted cinder block, painted I-beam steel, painted wallboard, and unpainted pinewood. Critical issues related to high-throughput sample processing and spore recovery from porous and nonporous surfaces included (i) the extraction of spores from complex building materials, (ii) the effects of titer challenge levels on fumigant efficacy, and (iii) the impact of bioburden inclusion on spore recovery from surfaces and spore inactivation. Small pieces (1.3 by 1.3 cm of carpet, ceiling tile, wallboard, I-beam steel, and pinewood and 2.5 by 1.3 cm for cinder block) of the materials were inoculated with an aliquot of 50 mu l containing the target number (1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), or 1 x 10(8)) of avirulent spores of B. anthracis NNR1 Delta 1. The aliquot was dried overnight in a biosafety cabinet, and the spores were extracted by a combination of a 10-min sonication and a 2-min vortexing using 0.5% buffered peptone water as the recovery medium. No statistically significant drop in the kill efficacies of the fumigants was observed when the spore challenge level was increased from 6 log units to 8 log units, even though a general trend toward inhibition of fumigant efficacy was evident. The organic burden (0 to 5%) in the spore inoculum resulted in a statistically significant drop in spore recovery (at the 2 or 5% level). The effect on spore killing was a function of the organic bioburden amount and the material type. In summary, a high-throughput quantitative method was developed for determining the efficacies of fumigants, and the spore recoveries from five porous materials and one nonporous material ranged between 20 and 80%. C1 [Rastogi, Vipin K.; Wallace, Lalena; Smith, Lisa S.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, R&T Directorate, BioDef Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Ryan, Shawn P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, Blair] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rastogi, VK (reprint author), E-3150 Kingscreek St N, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM vipin.rastogi@us.army.mil RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 FU U. S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development; Department of the Army, ECBC [DW-2193991701] FX This study has been subjected to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. EPA. No official endorsement should be inferred. The U. S. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3688 EP 3694 DI 10.1128/AEM.02592-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800039 PM 19346341 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS Kilaru, JV Grimm, JW AF Sickles, Joseph E. Shadwick, Douglas S. Kilaru, J. Vasu Grimm, Jeffrey W. TI Errors in representing regional acid deposition with spatially sparse monitoring: Case studies of the eastern US using model predictions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Spatial representation; Deposition; Sulfate; Nitrate; Ammonium; Hydrogen ion; Precipitation ID ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS AB The current study uses case studies of model-predicted regional precipitation and wet ion deposition over 5-year periods to estimate errors in corresponding regional values derived from the means of site-specific values within regions of interest located in the eastern US. The mean of model-predicted site-specific values for sites within each region was found generally to overestimate the corresponding model-predicted regional wet ion deposition. On an annual basis across four regions in the eastern US, these overestimates of regional wet ion deposition were typically between 5 and 25% and may be more exaggerated for individual seasons. Corresponding overestimates of regional precipitation were typically <5%, but may be more exaggerated for individual seasons. Period-to-period relative changes determined from the mean of site-based model-predicted wet deposition for the current regional ensembles of sites generally estimated larger beneficial effects of pollutant emissions reductions in comparison to changes based on model-predicted regional wet deposition. On an annual basis site-based relative changes were generally biased low compared to regional relative changes: differences were typically <7%, but they may also be more exaggerated for individual seasons. Spatial heterogeneities of the wet ion deposition fields with respect to the sparse monitoring site locations prevented the monitoring sites considered in the current study from providing regionally representative results. Monitoring site locations considered in the current study over-represent the geographical areas subject to both high emissions and high wet ion deposition and under-represent the geographical areas subject to low emissions and low wet deposition. Since the current case studies consider only those eastern US site locations that have supported concurrent wet and dry deposition monitoring, similar errors may be expected for dry and total deposition using results from the same monitoring site locations. Current case study results illustrate the approximate range of potential errors and suggest caution when inferring regional acid deposition from a network of sparse monitoring sites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sickles, Joseph E.; Kilaru, J. Vasu] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shadwick, Douglas S.] Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Grimm, Jeffrey W.] Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sickles.joseph@epa.gov FU US EPA [68-W01032] FX The US EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and partially performed the research described here under contract 68-W01032, to CSC Corporation. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2855 EP 2861 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.018 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452BZ UT WOS:000266515900002 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Mcdow, SR AF Olson, David A. McDow, Stephen R. TI Near roadway concentrations of organic source markers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organic source markers; Source apportionment; Hopanes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Traffic ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; DIESEL EXHAUST; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MAJOR HIGHWAY AB Concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and 33 organic source markers (12 alkanes, 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones, and 3 hopanes) are reported near a highway in Raleigh, NC with an annual average daily traffic count of approximately 125,000 vehicles. Daily samples (24-h) were collected at two locations, one approximately 10 m and the other 275 m perpendicular from the road. Concentrations of OC were similar between near (mean = 7.6 mu g m(-3)) and far (8.0 mu g m(-3)) locations, but concentrations of most organic species at the near site were between 1.5 and 2 times higher than those at the far site. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, David A.; McDow, Stephen R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2862 EP 2867 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.016 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452BZ UT WOS:000266515900003 ER PT J AU Johnson, KC Durbin, TD Cocker, DR Miller, WJ Bishnu, DK Maldonado, H Moynahan, N Ensfield, C Laroo, CA AF Johnson, K. C. Durbin, T. D. Cocker, D. R., III Miller, W. J. Bishnu, D. K. Maldonado, H. Moynahan, N. Ensfield, C. Laroo, C. A. TI On-road comparison of a portable emission measurement system with a mobile reference laboratory for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PEMS; On-road; In-use; Heavy-duty diesel; Semtech DS; Not-to-exceed (NTE) ID ENGINES AB On-road comparisons were made between a mobile emissions laboratory (MEL) meeting federal standards and a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). These comparisons were made over different conditions; including road grade, vibration, altitude, electric fields, and humidity with the PEMS mounted inside and outside of the tractor's cab. Brake-specific emissions were calculated to explore error differences between the MEL and PEMS during the Not-To-Exceed (NTE) engine operating zone. The PEMS brake-specific NOx (bsNOx) NTE emissions were biased high relative to the MEL and, in general, were about 8% of the 2007 in-use NTE NO(x) standard of 2.68 g kW(-1) h(-1) (2.0 g hp(-1) h(-1)). The bSCO(2) emissions for the PEMS were also consistently biased high relative to the MEL with an average deviation of +4% +/- 2%. NMHC and CO emissions were very low and typically less than 1% of the NTE threshold. This research was part of a comprehensive program to determine the "allowance" when PEMS are used for in use compliance testing of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, K. C.; Durbin, T. D.; Cocker, D. R., III; Miller, W. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bourns Coll Engn, CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bishnu, D. K.; Maldonado, H.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95815 USA. [Moynahan, N.] Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. [Ensfield, C.] Sensors Inc, Saline, MI 48176 USA. [Laroo, C. A.] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Johnson, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bourns Coll Engn, CE CERT, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kjohnson@cert.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010 OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2877 EP 2883 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452BZ UT WOS:000266515900005 ER PT J AU Venkatram, A Isakov, V Seila, R Baldauf, R AF Venkatram, Akula Isakov, Vlad Seila, Robert Baldauf, Richard TI Modeling the impacts of traffic emissions on air toxics concentrations near roadways SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Roadways; Air toxics; Dispersion modeling; Mobile sources; Benzene; Toluene; 1,3-Butadiene ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEAR-ROAD; DISPERSION; QUALITY AB The dispersion formulation incorporated in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AERMOD regulatory dispersion model is used to estimate the contribution of traffic-generated emissions of select VOCs - benzene, 1,3-butadiene, toluene - to ambient air concentrations at downwind receptors ranging from 10-m to 100-m from the edge of a major highway in Raleigh. North Carolina. The contributions are computed using the following steps: 1) Evaluate dispersion model estimates with 10-min averaged NO data measured at 7 m and 17 m from the edge of the road during a field study conducted in August, 2006; this step determines the uncertainty in model estimates. 2) Use dispersion model estimates and their uncertainties, determined in step 1, to construct pseudo-observations. 3) Fit pseudo-observations to actual observations of VOC concentrations measured during five periods of the field study. This provides estimates of the contributions of traffic emissions to the VOC concentrations at the receptors located from 10 m to 100 m from the road. In addition, it provides estimates of emission factors and background concentrations of the VOCs, which are supported by independent estimates from motor vehicle emissions models and regional air quality measurements. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the suitability of the formulation in AERMOD for estimating concentrations associated with mobile source emissions near roadways. This paper also presents an evaluation of the key emissions and dispersion modeling inputs necessary for conducting assessments of local-scale impacts from traffic emissions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Isakov, Vlad; Seila, Robert] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E243-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM isakov.vlad@epa.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 3191 EP 3199 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.046 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 459PY UT WOS:000267117100005 ER PT J AU Fairlie, TD Szykman, J Gilliland, A Pierce, RB Kittaka, C Weber, S Engel-Cox, J Rogers, RR Tikvart, J Scheffe, R Dimmick, F AF Fairlie, T. Duncan Szykman, James Gilliland, Alice Pierce, R. Bradley Kittaka, Chieko Weber, Stephanie Engel-Cox, Jill Rogers, Raymond R. Tikvart, Joe Scheffe, Rich Dimmick, Fred TI Lagrangian sampling of 3-D air quality model results for regional transport contributions to sulfate aerosol concentrations at Baltimore, MD, in summer 2004 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Source apportionment modeling; CAIR; CMAQ; Satellite; MODIS; Sulfate; Particulate matter ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL DEPTH; TRENDS; VALIDATION; OZONE AB We use ensemble-mean Lagrangian sampling of a 3-D Eulerian air quality model, CMAQ together with ground-based ambient monitors data from several air monitoring networks and satellite (MODIS) observations to provide source apportionment and regional transport vs. local contributions to sulfate aerosol and PM2.5 concentrations at Baltimore, MD, for summer 2004. The Lagrangian method provides estimates of the chemical and physical evolution of air arriving in the daytime boundary layer at Baltimore. Study results indicate a dominant role for regional transport contributions on those days when sulfate air pollution is highest in Baltimore, with a principal transport pathway from the Ohio River Valley (ORV) through southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, consistent with earlier studies. Thus, reductions in sulfur emissions from the ORV under the EPA's Clean Air Interstate Rule may be expected to improve particulate air quality in Baltimore during summer. The Lagrangian sampling of CMAQ offers an inexpensive and complimentary approach to traditional methods of source apportionment based on multivariate observational data analysis, and air quality model emissions separation. This study serves as a prototype for the method applied to Baltimore. EPA is establishing a system to allow air quality planners to readily produce and access equivalent results for locations of their choice. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fairlie, T. Duncan] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Szykman, James; Gilliland, Alice; Dimmick, Fred] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko; Rogers, Raymond R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Weber, Stephanie] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Engel-Cox, Jill] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Tikvart, Joe; Scheffe, Rich] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fairlie, TD (reprint author), US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; FU NASA Applied Sciences Program; EPA FX We wish to thank Tanya Otte, Alfreida Torian, and colleagues at Research Triangle Park for providing the CMAQ model and MCIP meteorological fields used in this study. We thank CIMSS, University of Wisconsin, for use of the MODIS data. We thank the AERONET and IMPROVE science teams for use of their data. We thank Ray Hoff (UMBQ for use of the ELF data. Thanks to Matt Seybold (NOAA NESDIS), Mike Woodman (Maryland Department of Environment), and to Susan Wierman (Mid-Atlantic Regional Management Association - MARAMA) for reviews on this work. Thanks to Jeff Stehr (University of Maryland), and Dev Roy (US EPA) for their technical input and discussions, and to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their comments and suggestions. We thank Lawrence Friedl and Doreen Neil for supporting this work through the NASA Applied Sciences Program. Additional support was provided by EPA through the EPA Global Earth Observation (GEO) Advance Monitoring Initiative (AMI). The views expressed and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as official NASA, EPA, NOAA, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 3275 EP 3288 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.026 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 459PY UT WOS:000267117100015 ER PT J AU Vu, KD Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Vu, Khanh Dang Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Impact of different pH control agents on biopesticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis during the fermentation of starch industry wastewater SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Starch industry wastewater; Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki; Entomotoxicity; Biopesticides; Bioconversion ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; RHIZOPUS-ARRHIZUS; SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; NITROGEN; CRYSTAL; STRAINS; PROTEIN; CEREUS; GROWTH; MEDIA AB Different pH control agents (NaOH/H2SO4-SodSulp, NaOH/CH3COOH-SodAcet, NH4OH/CH3COOH-AmmoAcet and NH4OH/H2SO4-AmmoSulp) were used to investigate their effects on growth, enzyme production (alkaline protease and amylase), and entomotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk) against eastern spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura fumiferana) using starch industry wastewater (SIW) as a raw material in a 15-l fermentor. AmmoSulp and SodSulp were found to be the best pH control agents for alkaline protease and amylase production, respectively; whereas, the fermented broth obtained by using SodAcet as pH control agents recorded the highest delta-endotoxin production of 1043.0 mg/l and entomotoxicity value 18.4 x 10(9) SBU/l. Entomotoxicity of re-suspended centrifuged pellet in one-tenth of original volume in case of SodAcet as pH control agents was 26.7 x 10(9) SBU/l and was the highest value compared to three other pH control agents. C1 [Vu, Khanh Dang; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant A4984, Canada Research Chair) for financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this article are strictly those of authors. Sincere thanks to Dr. Satinder K. Brar and Dr. Simon Barnabe for reading and providing suggestions to prepare the manuscripts. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 EI 1615-7605 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00449-008-0271-z PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 448CE UT WOS:000266238900010 PM 18979122 ER PT J AU Hosako, H Martin, GS Barrier, M Chen, YA Ivanov, IV Mirkes, PE AF Hosako, Hiromi Martin, Gail S. Barrier, Marianne Chen, Yian A. Ivanov, Ivan V. Mirkes, Philip E. TI Gene and MicroRNA Expression in p53-Deficient Day 8.5 Mouse Embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Teratol Soc DE microarray; miRNA; neural tube defects; p53 ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES; DNA-DAMAGE; HISTONE H2AX; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; GROWTH-CONTROL; MESSENGER-RNA; P53 PATHWAY; VITAMIN USE AB BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common human birth defects, with a prevalence of approximately I in 1000 live births in the United States. In animal studies, deletion of p53 leads to a significant increase in embryos that exhibit exencephaly. Whereas several studies have closely investigated the morphologic changes of p53-deficient embryos, no study has reported the molecular-level alteration in p53-deficient embryos. Here we attempt to identify genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) modified by deletion of p53 in day 8.5 mouse embryos. METHODS: Mouse embryos from p53 heterozygous crosses were collected, genotyped, and embryos of similar genotype (+/+; +/-; -/-) were pooled. RNA from the pooled samples was isolated to determine mRNA and miRNA expression levels using Whole Genome Bioarrays and Low Density Arrays, respectively. RESULTS: In p53 -/- embryos, 388 genes showed statistically significant alteration in gene expression of more than twofold compared to p53 +/+ embryos. Expression of p53 and well known p53 target genes, such as p21 and cyclin G1, were significantly down-regulated in p53 -/- embryos. In contrast, expression of other p53 target genes, such as Mdm2, Noxa, and Puma, were unchanged. We also identified six genes (Csk, Itga3, Jarid2, Prkaca, Rarg, and Sall4), known to cause NTDs when deleted, that are also down-regulated in p53 -/- embryos. Finally, five miRNAs (mir-1, mir-30e-3p, mir-142-3p, mir-301, and mir-331) also showed statistically significant alterations in expression levels in p53 -/- embryos compared to p53 +/+ embryos. Combined analysis of the experimental data using step-wise regression model and two publicly available algorithms identified putative target genes of these miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Our data have identified genes and miRNAs that may be involved in the mechanisms underlining NTDs and begin to define the developmental role of p53 in the etiology of NTDs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:546-555, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Hosako, Hiromi; Martin, Gail S.; Ivanov, Ivan V.; Mirkes, Philip E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barrier, Marianne] US EPA, Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Branch RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Yian A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hosako, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, 434 VMR Bldg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hhosako@cvm.tamu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01ES07026, P30ES07033, R01ES08744]; PHS HHS [P30EX09106] NR 83 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 6 BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.1002/bdra.20565 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 463YY UT WOS:000267471400005 PM 19229884 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Biocatalyst enhancement SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0233-4 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456BG UT WOS:000266812400003 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI On aggregating multiple indicators into a single metric for sustainability SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article AB In sustainability analysis of multidimensional states of a system, it is required to establish the relative superiority of one of the states. Particularly when a finite number of quantitative metrics is used to characterize the system, the values of the metrics among the states can exhibit increasing and decreasing trends at the same time, creating difficulty in clearly preferring one to the other. Sometimes, unequal weighting factors are ascribed to metrics to show the relative importance of the metrics, further complicating the comparison. It has been deemed desirable to consolidate all the usable metrics into one aggregate metric to make this comparison easier. Such an attempt is provided here by expressing the aggregate metric as the geometric mean of the ratios of the individual metrics for pair-wise comparisons. This computation was applied to previously reported evaluations of processes with a finite number of metrics. The method also reveals the sensitivity of the aggregate metric to the individual metrics and to the weighting factors. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 5 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0225-4 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456BG UT WOS:000266812400004 ER PT J AU Snook, CP AF Snook, C. P. TI Decontamination in Response to Natural Anthrax Incidents SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Snook, C. P.] US EPA, Natl Decontaminat Team, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 MA 29 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 473LO UT WOS:000268208400040 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Gunderson, L AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Gunderson, Lance TI Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE panarchy; discontinuities; complex systems; regime shifts; resilience ID COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS; CITY SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; BODY-SIZE; RATIONAL ROUTE; REGIME SHIFTS; SCALE; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPES AB In this paper, we review the empirical evidence of discontinuous distributions in complex systems within the context of panarchy theory and discuss the significance of discontinuities for understanding emergent properties such as resilience. Over specific spatial-temporal scale ranges, complex systems can configure in a variety of regimes, each defined by a characteristic set of self-organized structures and processes. A system may remain within a regime or dramatically shift to another regime. Understanding the drivers of regime shifts has provided critical insight into system structure and resilience. Although analyses of regime shifts have tended to focus on the system level, new evidence suggests that the same system behaviors operate within scales. In essence, complex systems exhibit multiple dynamic regimes nested within the larger system, each of which operates at a particular scale. Discrete size classes observed in variables in complex systems are evidence of these multiple regimes within complex systems, and the discontinuities between size classes indicate changes in scale. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC USA. FU James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Research Award/Studying Socio-ecological Systems; U. S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Support was provided by the James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Research Award/Studying Socio-ecological Systems. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This manuscript was improved by comments from H. Cabezas, D. E. Campbell, and M. E. Hopton. NR 77 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 25 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 AR 15 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468TY UT WOS:000267846300039 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Lee, K King, T Kepkay, P Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Kepkay, Paul Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Evaluating Chemical Dispersant Efficacy in an Experimental Wave Tank: 1, Dispersant Effectiveness as a Function of Energy Dissipation Rate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oil spill; dispersant effectiveness; energy dissipation rate; breaking waves ID OIL DROPLET SIZE; BREAKING WAVES; TURBULENCE; SEA; SPILLS AB Numerous laboratory test systems have been developed for the comparison of efficacy between various chemical oil dispersant formulations. However, for the assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness under realistic sea state, test protocols are required to produce hydrodynamic conditions close to the mixing, transport, and dilution effects found in the natural environment. To this end, we have designed and constructed an experimental wave tank system capable of generating waves of different energy levels, ranging from regular non-breaking waves to plunging breakers. The hydrodynamics of these wave conditions were characterized using an autocorrelation function method applied to in situ velocity measurements. We report here an investigation of the effectiveness of two chemical dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on two crude oils (weathered MESA and fresh ANS) under three different wave conditions in the wave tank operated in batch mode. Corexit 9500 dispersed approximately 75% of the weathered MESA and more than 90% of the fresh ANS crude, and SPC 1000 dispersed about 53 and 64%, respectively. Under control conditions (absence of chemical dispersant), only 10 to 20% of the crude oils were dispersed. Quantitative relationships were established between dispersant effectiveness and energy dissipation rate under the different simulated wave conditions. These relationships are essential for the development of accurate predictive models on dispersant effectiveness and operational guidelines for dispersant use. C1 [Li, Zhengkai; Lee, Kenneth; King, Thomas; Kepkay, Paul] Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environ Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environ Res, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), U.S. EPA [68-C-00-159]; NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center (NOAA) [NA04NOS4190063 UNH] FX This research was funded by the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), U.S. EPA ( contract No. 68-C-00-159), and NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center (NOAA Grant Number: NA04NOS4190063 UNH Agreement No. 06-085). The authors wish to thank Susan Cobanli, Xiaowei Ma, Brian Robinson, Peter Thamers, and William Yeung for their contributions and logistic support. The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1148 DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0377 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446ZQ UT WOS:000266161800014 ER PT J AU Nweke, OC Sanders, WH AF Nweke, Onyemaechi C. Sanders, William H., III TI Modern Environmental Health Hazards: A Public Health Issue of Increasing Significance in Africa SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE Africa; environmental health; hazards ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; LOURENS RIVER; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; MERCURY AB OBJECTIVES: Traditional hazards such as poor sanitation currently account for most of Africa's environmentally related disease burden. However, with rapid development absent appropriate safeguards for environment and health, modern environmental health hazards (MEHHs) may emerge as critical contributors to the continent's disease burden. We review recent evidence of human exposure to and health effects from MEHHs, and their occurrence in environmental media and consumer products. Our purpose is to highlight the growing significance of these hazards as African countries experience urbanization, industrial growth, and development. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed published epidemiologic, exposure, and environmental studies of chemical agents such as heavy metals and pesticides. DATA SYNTHESIS: The body of evidence demonstrates ongoing environmental releases of MEHHs and human exposures sometimes at toxicologically relevant levels. Several sources of MEHHs in environmental media have been identified, including natural resource mining and processing and automobile exhaust. Biomonitoring studies provided direct evidence of human exposure to metals such as mercury and lead and pesticides such as p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and organophosphates. Land and water resource pollution and industrial air toxics are areas of significant data gaps, notwithstanding the presence of several emitting sources. CONCLUSION: Unmitigated MEHH releases and human exposure have implications for Africa's disease burden. For Africans encumbered by conditions such as malnutrition that impair resilience to toxicologic challenges, the burden may be higher. A shift in public health policy toward accommodating the emerging diversity in Africa's environmental health issues is necessary to successfully alleviate the burden of avoidable ill health and premature death for all its communities now and in the future. C1 [Nweke, Onyemaechi C.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sanders, William H., III] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nweke, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, MCI809T,1200 Penns Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nweke.onyemachi@epa.gov NR 105 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 31 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 6 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800126 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 451HZ UT WOS:000266462600019 PM 19590675 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME AF Gilbert, Mary E. TI Developmental Perchlorate Exposure: Gilbert Responds SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 6 BP A237 EP A238 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800532R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 451HZ UT WOS:000266462600004 ER PT J AU Henson-Ramsey, H Levine, J Kennedy-Stoskopf, S Taylor, SK Shea, D Stoskopf, MK AF Henson-Ramsey, Heather Levine, Jay Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne Taylor, Sharon K. Shea, Damian Stoskopf, Michael K. TI Development of a Dynamic Pharmacokinetic Model to Estimate Bioconcentration of Xenobiotics in Earthworms SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmacokinetic model; Xenobiotic; Earthworm; Soil ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DERMAL ROUTE; SOIL; EXPOSURE; MALATHION; BIOACCUMULATION; WATER; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE AB A simple and dynamic pharmacokinetic model was developed to predict bioconcentration of organic contaminants in earthworms. The model was parameterized experimentally by placing Lumbricus terrestris in soil contaminated with 200 A mu g/cm(2) of malathion. The toxicokinetics of malathion uptake, depuration, and degradation in soil is measured. After parameterization, the model was able to accurately predict the bioconcentration factor of malathion at steady state. Sensitivity analyses were performed and the rate of absorption was determined to be the most sensitive parameter. Varying the rate of malathion elimination from earthworm tissues, malathion degradation, and the amount of malathion applied to the soil by 25-fold did not result in the bioconcentration of malathion. An increase in the rate of malathion absorption into earthworm tissues by 25-fold did result in bioconcentration. Previously published pharmacokinetic studies on xenobiotics with log K (ow) values ranging up to 8.05 were used to test the predictive capacity of the model. The model was able to predict from 83% to 105% of the experimentally derived bioconcentration factors. C1 [Henson-Ramsey, Heather] Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, Heather; Levine, Jay; Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Levine, Jay] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Taylor, Sharon K.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Washington, DC Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Taylor, Sharon K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Environm Contaminants Div, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. RP Henson-Ramsey, H (reprint author), Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, 500 8th Ave, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. EM hlhenson@ncsu.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R-83055101] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under assistance agreement # R-83055101 to North Carolina State University. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the EPA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s10666-007-9132-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448KK UT WOS:000266261300010 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Dawson, HE AF Caruso, Brian S. Dawson, Helen E. TI Impacts of groundwater metal loads from bedrock fractures on water quality of a mountain stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Mining; Metals; Bedrock; Fractured rocks; Groundwater monitoring; Groundwater-surface water relations ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; ROCK AQUIFER; TRANSPORT; MODEL; USA; EXCHANGE; COLORADO; REMOVAL; RANGE AB Acid mine drainage and metal loads from hardrock mines to surface waters is a significant problem in the western USA and many parts of the world. Mines often occur in mountain environments with fractured bedrock aquifers that serve as pathways for metals transport to streams. This study evaluates impacts from current and potential future groundwater metal (Cd, Cu, and Zn) loads from fractures underlying the Gilt Edge Mine, South Dakota, on concentrations in Strawberry Creek using existing flow and water quality data and simple mixing/dilution mass balance models. Results showed that metal loads from bedrock fractures to the creek currently contribute < 1% of total loads. Even if background water quality is achieved upstream in Strawberry Creek, fracture metal loads would be < 5%. Fracture loads could increase substantially and cause stream water quality standards exceedances once groundwater with elevated metals concentrations in the aquifer matrix migrates to the fractures and discharges to the stream. Potential future metal loads from an upstream fracture would contribute a small proportion of the total load relative to current loads in the stream. Cd has the highest stream concentrations relative to standards. Even if all stream water was treated to remove 90% of the Cd, the standard would still not be achieved. At a fracture farther downstream, the Cd standard can only be met if the upstream water is treated achieving a 90% reduction in Cd concentrations and the median stream flow is maintained. C1 [Caruso, Brian S.; Dawson, Helen E.] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 8, 1595 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM caruso.brian@epa.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 153 IS 1-4 BP 405 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0367-6 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 443NO UT WOS:000265917200036 PM 18604589 ER PT J AU Wrenn, BA Virkus, A Mukherjee, B Venosa, AD AF Wrenn, B. A. Virkus, A. Mukherjee, B. Venosa, A. D. TI Dispersibility of crude oil in fresh water SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Dispersants; Fresh water; Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; Surfactants ID DISPERSANTS; SURFACTANTS AB The effects of surfactant composition on the ability of chemical dispersants to disperse crude oil in fresh water were investigated. The objective of this research was to determine whether effective fresh water dispersants can be designed in case this technology is ever considered for use in fresh water environments. Previous studies on the chemical dispersion of crude oil in fresh water neither identified the dispersants; that were investigated nor described the chemistry of the surfactants used. This information is necessary for developing a more fundamental understanding of chemical dispersion of crude oil at low salinity. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between surfactant chemistry and dispersion effectiveness. We found that dispersants can be designed to drive an oil slick into the freshwater column with the same efficiency as in salt water as long as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is optimum. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Venosa, A. D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wrenn, B. A.; Virkus, A.; Mukherjee, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory's [EP06C000259] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory's Contract No. EP06C000259. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not signify endorsement by EPA. Views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of the U.S. EPA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 157 IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.025 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447KY UT WOS:000266191200011 PM 19269075 ER PT J AU Henry, R Norris, GA Vedantham, R Turner, JR AF Henry, Ronald Norris, Gary A. Vedantham, Ram Turner, Jay R. TI Source Region Identification Using Kernel Smoothing SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION AB As described in this paper, nonparametric wind regression is a source-to-receptor source apportionment model that can be used to identify and quantify the impact of possible source regions of pollutants as defined by wind direction sectors. It is described in detail with an example of its application to SO(2) data from East St. Louis, IL The model uses nonparametric kernel smoothing methods to apportion the observed average concentration of a pollutant to sectors defined by ranges of wind direction and speed. Formulas are given for the uncertainty of all of the important components of the model, and these are found to give nearly the same uncertainties as blocked bootstrap estimates of uncertainty. The model was applied to data for the first quarter (January, February, and March) of 2003, 2004, and 2005. The results for East St. Louis show that almost 50% of the average SO(2) concentration can be apportioned to two 30 degrees wide wind sectors containing a zinc smelter and a brewery; a nearby steel mill did not appear to have a significant impact on SO(2) during this period. C1 [Henry, Ronald] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Norris, Gary A.; Vedantham, Ram] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Turner, Jay R.] Washington Univ, Energy Environm & Chem Engn Dept, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Henry, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3620 S Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rhenry@usc.edu RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012 NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 11 BP 4090 EP 4097 DI 10.1021/es8011723 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 452NJ UT WOS:000266546700021 PM 19569335 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Agarwal, S AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Agarwal, Shirish TI Effects of Aging and Oxidation of Palladized Iron Embedded in Activated Carbon on the Dechlorination of 2-Chlorobiphenyl SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES; ZERO-VALENT IRON; TCE DECHLORINATION; NANOSCALE PD/FE; GRANULAR IRON; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENT; BARRIER; PCBS; HYDRODECHLORINATION AB Reactive activated carbon (RAC) impregnated with palladized iron has been developed to effectively treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment by coupling adsorption and dechlorination of PCBs. In this study, we addressed the dechlorination reactivity and capacity of RAC toward aqueous 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CIBP), and its aging and longevity under various oxidizing environments. RAC containing 14.4% Fe and 0.68% Pd used in this study could adsorb 122.6 mg 2-CIBP/g RAC, and dechlorinate 56.5 mg 2-CIBP/g RAC which corresponds to 12% (yield) of its estimated dechlorination capacity. Due to Fe(0) oxidation to form oxide passivating layers, Fe(2)O(3)/Fe(3)O(4) (oxide-water interface) and FeOOH/FeO (oxide-metal interface), RAC reactivity decreased progressively over aging under N(2) < H(2)O + N(2) < H(2)O + O(2) conditions. Considering nanoscale Fell Pd corrosion chemistry, the decline was quite slow at only 5.6%, 19.5%, and 32.5% over one year, respectively. Dissolved oxygen played a crucial role in enhancing 2-CIBP adsorption but inhibiting its dechlorination. The reactivity change could be explained with the properties of the aged RAC including surface area, Fe(0) content, and Fe species. During the aging and oxidation, the RAC showed limited dissolution of Fe and Pd. Finally, implementation issues regarding application of RAC system to contaminated sites are discussed. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Managentent Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managentent Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, OH FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, OH. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We recognize the support of Dr. Gautham Jegadeesan and Mr. Eric Graybill of Pegasus Technical Support Inc. for ICP-AES analysis and GC/MS analysis, respectively. Donation of the activated carbon from Norit Americas Inc. is appreciated. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 11 BP 4137 EP 4142 DI 10.1021/es803535b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 452NJ UT WOS:000266546700028 PM 19569342 ER PT J AU Arnot, JA Meylan, W Tunkel, J Howard, PH Mackay, D Bonnell, M Boethling, RS AF Arnot, Jon A. Meylan, William Tunkel, Jay Howard, Phil H. Mackay, Don Bonnell, Mark Boethling, Robert S. TI A QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP FOR PREDICTING METABOLIC BIOTRANSFORMATION RATES FOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN FISH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Biotransformation; Bioaccumulation; Xenobiotic metabolism; Quantitative structure-activity relationship ID AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BIOACCUMULATION PARAMETERS; AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; DIETARY ACCUMULATION; LAKE-ONTARIO; QSAR MODELS; BIOCONCENTRATION; FATE AB An evaluated database of whole body in vivo biotransformation rate estimates in fish was used to develop a model for predicting the primary biotransformation half-lives of organic chemicals. The estimated biotransformation rates were converted to half-lives and divided into a model development set (n = 421) and an external validation set (n = 211) to test the model. The model uses molecular substructures similar to those of other biodegradation models. The biotransformation half-life predictions were calculated based on multiple linear regressions of development set data against counts of 57 molecular substructures, the octanol-water partition coefficient, and molar mass. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) for the development set was 0.82, the cross-validation (leave-one-out coefficient of determination, q(2)) was 0.75, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.38 log units (factor of 2.4). Results for the external validation of the model using an independent test set were r(2) = 0.73 and MAE = 0.45 log units (factor of 2.8). For the development set, 68 and 95% of the predicted values were within a factor of 3 and a factor of 10 of the expected values, respectively. For the test (or validation) set, 63 and 90% of the predicted values were within a factor of 3 and a factor of 10 of the expected values, respectively. Reasons for discrepancies between model predictions and expected values are discussed and recommendations are made for improving the model. This model can predict biotransformation rate constants from chemical structure for screening level bioaccumulation hazard assessments, exposure and risk assessments, comparisons with other in vivo and in vitro estimates, and as a contribution to testing strategies that reduce animal usage. C1 [Arnot, Jon A.; Mackay, Don] Trent Univ, Ctr Environm Modelling & Chem, Peterborough, ON K9H 7B8, Canada. [Meylan, William; Tunkel, Jay; Howard, Phil H.] Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Bonnell, Mark] Environm Canada, Div Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Boethling, Robert S.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Arnot, JA (reprint author), Trent Univ, Ctr Environm Modelling & Chem, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9H 7B8, Canada. EM jonarnot@trentu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada; Health Canada; consortium of companies; International Life Sciences Institute-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics) FX The authors thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment Canada, Health Canada, the consortium of companies that support research at the Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry, and the International Life Sciences Institute-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute for providing financial support for this project. Support for modeling work performed by Syracuse Research Corporation was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics) under a subcontract with Versar, the prime contractor. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1177 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 449ZU UT WOS:000266370700007 PM 19152232 ER PT J AU Shifman, MI Yumul, RE Laramore, C Selzer, ME AF Shifman, Michael I. Yumul, Rae Eden Laramore, Cindy Selzer, Michael E. TI Expression of the repulsive guidance molecule RGM and its receptor neogenin after spinal cord injury in sea lamprey SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Axonal guidance; Spinal cord regeneration; In situ hybridization; RGM; Neogenin; Lamprey; Microglia ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AXONAL REGENERATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; MICROGLIAL CELLS; ADULT-MOUSE; NEURONS; GROWTH; BRAIN; CNS; MYELIN AB The sea lamprey recovers normal-appearing locomotion after spinal cord transection and its spinal axons regenerate selectively in their correct paths. However, among identified reticulospinal neurons some are consistently bad regenerators and only about 50% of severed reticulospinal axons regenerate through the site of injury. We previously suggested (Shifman, M. I., and Selzer, M. E., 2000a. Expression of netrin receptor UNC-5 in lamprey brain; modulation by spinal cord transection. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 14, 49-58; Shifman, M. I., and Selzer, M. E., 2000b. In situ hybridization in wholemounted lamprey spinal cord: localization of netrin mRNA expression. journal of Neuroscience Methods 104, 19-25) that selective chemorepulsion might explain why some neurons are bad regenerators and others not. To explore the role of additional chemorepulsive axonal guidance molecules during regeneration, we examined the expression of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) and its receptor neogenin by in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. RGM mRNA was expressed in the spinal cord, primarily in neurons of the lateral gray matter and in dorsal cells. Following spinal cord transection, RGM message was downregulated in neurons close (within 10 mm) to the transection at 2 and 4 weeks, although it was upregulated in reactive microglia at 2 weeks post-transection. Neogenin mRNA expression was unchanged in the brainstem after spinal cord transection, and among the identified reticulospinal neurons, was detected only in "bad regenerators", neurons that are known to regenerate well never expressed neogenin. The downregulation of RGM expression in neurons near the transection may increase the probability that regenerating axons will regenerate through the site of injury and entered caudal spinal cord. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shifman, Michael I.; Yumul, Rae Eden; Laramore, Cindy; Selzer, Michael E.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Selzer, Michael E.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, David Mahoney Inst Neurol Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Selzer, Michael E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20420 USA. RP Shifman, MI (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 452 Stemmler Hall,36th St & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mshifman@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NIH [R01 NS38537] FX We thank Dr. Farida Shaheen, PhD for help with quantitative PCR. This work was supported by NIH grant R01 NS38537 to MES. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 217 IS 2 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.02.011 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 450GM UT WOS:000266389000004 PM 19268666 ER PT J AU Ahlborn, GJ Delker, DA Roop, BC Geter, DR Allen, JW DeAngelo, AB Winnik, WM AF Ahlborn, Gene J. Delker, Don A. Roop, Barbara C. Geter, David R. Allen, James W. DeAngelo, Anthony B. Winnik, Witold M. TI Early alterations in protein and gene expression in rat kidney following bromate exposure SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bromate; Glycolysis; Mitochondria; Renal cell carcinoma; 2D-DIGE; Gene expression ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; POTASSIUM BROMATE; OXIDANT INJURY; MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GAMMA-ENOLASE; C-MYC; CANCER; STRESS AB Bromate, a common disinfectant byproduct of drinking water ozonation, has been linked to human and animal renal toxicity, including renal cell carcinomas in multiple animal species. Here, we evaluate changes in protein and gene expression through two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and Affymetrix arrays to identify potential modes of action involved in potassium bromate carcinogenicity. Male rats were exposed to potassium bromate in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 1, 20 and 400 ppm for two weeks. Differential expression of glycolytic proteins including enolase I (Eno 1), triosephosphate isomerase I (Tpi1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) suggests that bromate toxicity is associated with changes in energy consumption and utilization in renal cells involving up-regulation of glycolytic processes that may be the result of altered mitochondrial function. Several alterations in glycolysis and mitochondrial gene transcripts were also observed to be consistent with this mode of action. These studies provide insight into early events in renal cell physiology altered by bromate exposure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ahlborn, Gene J.; Delker, Don A.; Roop, Barbara C.; Geter, David R.; Allen, James W.; DeAngelo, Anthony B.; Winnik, Witold M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahlborn, Gene J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Winnik, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM winnik.witold@epa.gov FU NCSU/EPA [CT826512010] FX We gratefully acknowledge Drs. David DeMarini and Urmila Kodavanti for their comments and assistance in reviewing this manuscript, and Oscar Alzate at the Duke Neuroproteomic Center for assistance with the 2D-DIGE. This work was supported by a NCSU/EPA cooperative grant (Agreement CT826512010). Disclaimer: The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.003 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 450RK UT WOS:000266418300018 PM 19425233 ER PT J AU Adams, PJ Pandis, SN Dawson, JP Racherla, PN AF Adams, P. J. Pandis, S. N. Dawson, J. P. Racherla, P. N. TI Air quality in a changing climate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Adams, P. J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. [Dawson, J. P.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Racherla, P. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM petera@andrew.cmu.edu RI Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013 OI Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A9 EP A9 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900031 ER PT J AU Hering, JG O'Day, PA Ford, RG He, YT Bilgin, A Reisinger, HJ Burris, DR AF Hering, Janet G. O'Day, Peggy A. Ford, Robert G. He, Y. Thomas Bilgin, Azra Reisinger, H. James Burris, David R. TI MNA as a Remedy for Arsenic Mobilized by Anthropogenic Inputs of Organic Carbon SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CCA-TREATED WOOD; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; LANDFILL LEACHATE; REDOX CONDITIONS; FERRIC IRON; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; MATTER MINERALIZATION; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; MICROBIAL REDUCTION AB The potential application of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedy for ground water contaminated with arsenic (As) is examined for a subset of contaminated sites, specifically those where naturally occurring As has been mobilized due to localized anthropogenic organic carbon (OC) releases. This includes sites subject to petroleum releases, exposure to landfill leachates, and OC additions for biostimulation of reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. The key characteristic of these sites is that, under conditions prevailing before the anthropogenic OC introduction, the naturally occurring As in the subsurface was not mobile and did not adversely affect ground water quality. This suggests that, in the far-field (where background conditions are (re) established), As may be sequestered upon contact of the contaminated ground water with either or both the (uncontaminated) ambient ground water and the background aquifer minerals. The observed extents of elevated concentrations (or "footprints") of As and other chemical species, such as dissolved OC and iron (Fe), and related parameters, such as redox potential (E-h) and dissolved oxygen, and their evolution over time can be used to assess the mobilization and sequestration of As and the potential feasibility of MNA as a remedial option. Ultimately, the capacity for As sequestration must be assessed in the context of the OC loading to the site, which may require "active" measures for source control. Monitoring is needed to confirm the continuing effectiveness of the MNA remedy or to indicate if contingency measures must be implemented. C1 [Hering, Janet G.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Hering, Janet G.; He, Y. Thomas; Bilgin, Azra] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [O'Day, Peggy A.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Ford, Robert G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Reisinger, H. James] Integrated Sci & Technol Inc, Marietta, GA 30060 USA. [Burris, David R.] Integrated Sci & Technol Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP Hering, JG (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Ueberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM janet.hering@eawag.ch RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1374] FX Support provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), project #ER-1374, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01242.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 479JM UT WOS:000268655500009 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Kamykowski, D Sinclair, G Mckay, L Milligan, EJ AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Kamykowski, Daniel Sinclair, Geoff McKay, Laurie Milligan, Edward J. TI Diel vertical migration thresholds of Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Diel vertical migration; Dinoflagellate; Karenia brevis; Nitrogen ID DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM BREVE; RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CELL-CYCLE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEPARATION; BUOYANCY; NITROGEN; SAMPLES; LIPIDS AB Light and nutrient availability change throughout dinoflagellate diel vertical migration (DVM) and/or with sub-population location in the water column along the west Florida shelf. Typically, the vertical depth of the shelf is greater than the distance a sub-population can vertically migrate during a diel cycle, limiting the ability of a sub-population to photosynthetically fix carbon toward the surface and access nutrients sub-surface. This project investigated changes of Karenia brevis (C.C. Davis) G. Hansen et Moestrup intracellular carbon, nitrogen, internal nitrate (iNO(3)) free amino acid (FAA), and total lipid concentrations in high-light, nitrate-replete (960 mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1), 80 mu M NO3), and high-light, nitrate-reduced (960 mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1), <5 mu M NO3) mesocosms. The nitrate-reduced mesocosm had a slowed cell division rate when compared to the nitrate-replete mesocosm. Minimum intracellular carbon, nitrogen, iNO(3), FAA, and total lipid concentrations during the largest surface sub-population aggregations led to the conclusion that daughter cells resulting from cell division received unequal shares of the parental resources and that this inequality influenced migration behavior. Nutrient reduced daughter cells were more strongly influenced by light and phototaxis for carbon production than their replete same cell division sister cells during vertical migration thus rapidly increasing the fulfillment of constituents through photosynthesis. Vertical migration was consistent with an optimization scheme based on threshold limits through utilization or formation of photosynthate. We propose a simplified conceptual model describing how K. brevis is transported along the benthos of the west Florida shelf from off-shore to on-shore. Dynamic carbon thresholds are also suggested for future DVM modeling efforts on K. brevis populations transported between nitrogen replete and nitrogen reduced environmental conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Kamykowski, Daniel; McKay, Laurie; Milligan, Edward J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sinclair, Geoff] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM BlakeSchaeffer@gmail.com FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's [NA160P1440]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's [R-82937001] FX We thank Dr. W. Showers for use of a Lachat Quik Chem Autoanalyzer and Dr. N. Blair for use of a Carlo Erba Nutrient analyzer. This paper is based on research that has been supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ECOHAB program through grant NA160P1440 and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program through grant R-82937001. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1352 from the Gulf Ecology Division.[SS] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 692 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2009.01.002 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 459ZW UT WOS:000267153900009 ER PT J AU Floyd, HS Chen, LC Vallanat, B Dreher, K AF Floyd, Heather S. Chen, Lung Chi Vallanat, Beena Dreher, Kevin TI Fine ambient air particulate matter exposure induces molecular alterations associated with vascular disease progression within plaques of atherosclerotic susceptible mice SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE ARTERIAL VASOCONSTRICTION; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; E-DEFICIENT MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURES; APOE(-/-) MICE; PARTICLES CAPS; HEART-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER AB Epidemiology studies have reported associations between increased mortality and morbidity with exposure to particulate air pollution, particularly within individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical and toxicological studies have provided evidence that exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) impacts CVD by increasing plaque size. It is unclear whether PM-induced increased plaque size is associated with molecular disease progression. This study examines molecular profiles within plaques recovered from ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to concentrated ambient air particles (CAPs) to determine whether pulmonary deposition of PM contributes to molecular alterations leading to vascular disease progression. Laser capture microdissection was used to recover atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE(-/-) male mice exposed daily for 5 mo to filtered air or CAPs. Alterations in mRNA expression was assessed in microdissected plaques of CAPs-exposed and air controls using the Affymetrix microarray platform. Bioinformatic analysis indicated alterations in 611 genes: 395 genes downregulated and 216 genes upregulated. Gene ontology revealed CAPs-induced changes to inflammation, proliferation, cell cycle, hematological system, and cardiovascular pathways. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verified microarray data also revealing gene expression alterations undetected by the microarray analysis, i.e., decreased expression of alpha-actin for smooth muscle cells, and increased expression of the macrophage marker Cd68 and of beta-actin. Comparison of CAPs-induced gene expression profiles demonstrated consistency with previously published gene expression profiles in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model and humans associated with plaque progression. These results indicate that exposure to fine PM induces molecular alterations associated with vascular disease progression and provides insight into potential biological pathways responsible for this effect. C1 [Floyd, Heather S.; Vallanat, Beena; Dreher, Kevin] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Lung Chi] NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Dreher, K (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dreher.kevin@epa.gov RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; OI Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 FU US. EPA-NCSU Cooperative Training Agreement [CT 833235-01-0]; EPA PM Center [R827351]; NIH [R01ES015495]; NIEHS Center [ES00260] FX The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1080/08958370802317745 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900002 PM 19496694 ER PT J AU Garcia, GJM Schroeter, JD Segal, RA Stanek, J Foureman, GL Kimbell, JS AF Garcia, Guilherme J. M. Schroeter, Jeffry D. Segal, Rebecca A. Stanek, John Foureman, Gary L. Kimbell, Julia S. TI Dosimetry of nasal uptake of water-soluble and reactive gases: A first study of interhuman variability SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; AIR-FLOW PATTERNS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; BREATHING PATTERN; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; HUMAN NOSE; BODY-SIZE AB Certain inhaled chemicals, such as reactive, water-soluble gases, are readily absorbed by the nasal mucosa upon inhalation and may cause damage to the nasal epithelium. Comparisons of the spatial distribution of nasal lesions in laboratory animals exposed to formaldehyde with gas uptake rates predicted by computational models reveal that lesions usually occur in regions of the susceptible epithelium where gas absorption is highest. Since the uptake patterns are influenced by air currents in the nose, interindividual variability in nasal anatomy and ventilation rates due to age, body size, and gender will affect the patterns of gas absorption in humans, potentially putting some age groups at higher risk when exposed to toxic gases. In this study, interhuman variability in the nasal dosimetry of reactive, water-soluble gases was investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in 5 adults and 2 children, aged 7 and 8 years old. Airflow patterns were investigated for allometrically scaled inhalation rates corresponding to resting breathing. The spatial distribution of uptake at the airway walls was predicted to be nonuniform, with most of the gas being absorbed in the anterior portion of the nasal passages. Under the conditions of these simulations, interhuman variability in dose to the whole nose (mass per time per nasal surface area) due to differences in anatomy and ventilation was predicted to be 1.6-fold among the 7 individuals studied. Children and adults displayed very similar patterns of nasal gas uptake; no significant differences were noted between the two age groups. C1 [Garcia, Guilherme J. M.; Schroeter, Jeffry D.; Kimbell, Julia S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Segal, Rebecca A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Stanek, John; Foureman, Gary L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kimbell, JS (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kimbell@thehamner.org RI Garcia, Guilherme/J-9555-2013 FU U.S. EPA [EP05C000009, EP06C000405]; American Chemistry Council FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1080/08958370802320186 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900022 PM 19459775 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Haught, RC Goodrich, JA AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey Haught, Roy C. Goodrich, James A. TI Real-time contaminant detection and classification in a drinking water pipe using conventional water quality sensors: Techniques and experimental results SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Contaminant detection; Contaminant identification; Drinking water security; Detection threshold; Adaptive monitoring; Water quality sensors ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; CHLORINE RESIDUALS; AGENTS; MODEL; PHARMACEUTICALS; BIOTERRORISM; DEGRADATION; GLYPHOSATE; MECHANISM; TERRORISM AB Accurate detection and identification of natural or intentional contamination events in a drinking water pipe is critical to drinking water supply security and health risk management. To use conventional water quality sensors for the purpose, we have explored a real-time event adaptive detection, identification and warning (READiw) methodology and examined it using pilot-scale pipe flow experiments of 11 chemical and biological contaminants each at three concentration levels. The tested contaminants include pesticide and herbicides (aldicarb, glyphosate and dicamba), alkaloids (nicotine and colchicine), E coli in terrific broth, biological growth media (nutrient broth, terrific broth, tryptic soy broth), and inorganic chemical compounds (mercuric chloride and potassium ferricyanide). First, through adaptive transcontaminant signals were enhanced and background noise was reduced formation of the sensor outputs, in time-series plots leading to detection and identification of all simulated contamination events. The improved sensor detection threshold was 0.1% of the background for pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), 0.9% for free chlorine, 1.6% for total chlorine, and 0.9% for chloride. Second, the relative changes calculated from adaptively transformed residual chlorine measurements were quantitatively related to contaminant-chlorine reactivity in drinking water. We have shown that based on these kinetic and chemical differences, the tested contaminants were distinguishable in forensic discrimination diagrams made of adaptively transformed sensor measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Y. Jeffrey; Haught, Roy C.; Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yang.jeff@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution from the following individuals: John Hall and Dr. Jeff Szabo of U.S. EPA's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) and Greg Meiners of Shaw Environmental for experimental testing, Dr. Regan Murray, Robert Janke, Dr. A.Joel Allen, John Hall and Dr.Jeff Szabo, all of U.S. EPA, for their manuscript review and comments. Peer review by 6 anonymous reviewers, and financial support to this project by U.S. EPA National Homeland Security Research Center and U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory are acknowledged. Conclusions and opinions presented in this paper are those of the authors, and not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. EPA. Mention of commercial products, trade names or services in the paper does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2494 EP 2506 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.021 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100018 ER PT J AU Lu, HF Campbell, DE AF Lu, Hongfang Campbell, Daniel E. TI Ecological and economic dynamics of the Shunde agricultural system under China's small city development strategy SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Emergy evaluation; Industrialization of agriculture; Productivity of labor; Regional self-sufficiency; Ecosystem services ID EMERGY EVALUATION; POULTRY PRODUCTION; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; INDEXES AB The agricultural and industrial development of small cities is the primary environmental management strategy employed to make full use of extra labor in the rural areas of China. The ecological and economic consequences of this development strategy will affect over 100 million people and change the organization of the Chinese landscape. In this study, we examined the agricultural development of Shunde, a small city in Guangdong Province, over the period 1978 until 2000. Our analysis of the ecological and economic dynamics of the agricultural system revealed the dominant role of labor in the intensification of agricultural production, even though the use of fuels, fertilizers and machines also increased during this time. The Shunde agricultural system was examined from both biophysical or donor-based and human utility or receiver-based perspectives, using emergy and economic methods, respectively. After 22 years of urbanization, the Shunde agricultural system was still able to fill 96% of the local demand for agricultural products using only 6% of its total yield compared to using 14% of the total yield in 1978. Aquaculture developed quickly during the study period as grain production decreased. In 2000, the production of fish, pork, and vegetables accounted for 92% of the total emergy output of the system; however, the emergy buying power of the money received in exchange was lower than the emergy contained in the products exported. The excess emergy exported is the basis for a high quality diet delivered to city dwellers at a relatively low price. In the 1980s, the productivity of both land and labor increased; but after 1992 the productivity of labor decreased, causing the efficiency of the whole agricultural system to decrease. We recommend that processing plants be established for the main agricultural products of Shunde to decrease the emergy loss in trading and to increase employment. The effect of including monetized ecosystem services in the balance between the emergy delivered to the markets in agricultural products and the emergy buying power of the money received was to decrease the emergy gained by the Shunde agricultural system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, Hongfang] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Campbell, Daniel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Campbell, DE (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM campbell.dan@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [30600072]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong [05006766, 20061320730001]; US EPA [AED-07-073]; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division FX We thank Mr. Jinwen Ma and Yongbiao Lin for help with investigation and data collection, Drs. Tingting Cai, John Kiddon, Edward Dettmann, Glen Thursby, Mr. Thomas Olsen, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Jinping Zhang provided the map in Fig. I.This study was supported by Projects of the National Science Foundation of China (30600072), the Director's Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (05006766, 20061320730001). This paper is also contribution number AED-07-073 of the US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2589 EP 2600 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.019 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100029 PM 19246149 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Bunnell, DB Rockwell, DC Tuchman, ML AF Barbiero, Richard P. Bunnell, David B. Rockwell, David C. Tuchman, Marc L. TI Recent increases in the large glacial-relict calanoid Limnocalanus macrurus in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Limnocalanus; Transparency; Extinction coefficient; Planktivorous fish ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; PREY SELECTION; DYNAMICS; FISH; PREDATION; TRENDS; PHYTOPLANKTON; RECRUITMENT AB Since 2004, population density of the large hypolimnetic calanoid Limnocalanus macrurus Sars. has increased dramatically in Lake Michigan. The average summer biomass of this species between 2004 and 2006 was roughly three times that of the period 1984-2003, and at levels unprecedented in our 22-year dataset, making L. macrurus the dominant zooplankter in the lake in terms of biomass. These increases have been accentuated by coincident population declines of the main daphnid, Daphnia mendotae, in the lake with the result that in 2006, L. macrurus accounted for 75% and 50% of the large (>0.9 mm) crustacean biomass in the northern and southern basins of Lake Michigan, respectively. The increases in L. macrurus Populations have closely coincided with equally dramatic increases in summer water clarity. Recent extinction coefficients are among the lowest recorded for the lake, and deepening light penetration has permitted increases in the size of the deep chlorophyll layer. In addition, planktivorous fish Populations have declined coincidently with the increases in L. macrurus. It seems likely that all increase in sub-epilimnetic production has resulted in increased food resources for the deep-living L. macrurus, while low planktivore abundances have reduced predation loss, permitting L. macrurus to respond to these increases in sub-epilimnetic production. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barbiero, Richard P.] Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] Comp Sci Corp, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rockwell, David C.; Tuchman, Marc L.] US EPA, Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Loyola Univ, 1359 W Elmdale Ave Suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM gloeotri@sbcglobal.net; dbunnell@usgs.gov; rockwell.david@glnpo.gov; tuchman.marc@glnpo.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-W-06-046] FX K Arendes, D. DiBartolomeo and A. Ahktar provided excellent data entry support. J.L. Doering and N.C. Tuchman of Loyola University, Chicago, were helpful in providing computer facilities for processing of historical data. T. Desorcie assisted in preparation of Fig. 1. The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract number EP-W-06-046 to Computer Sciences Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This article is Contribution 1517 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.12.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 460DH UT WOS:000267167400014 ER PT J AU Pasula, R Britigan, BE Turner, J Martin, WJ AF Pasula, Rajamouli Britigan, Bradley E. Turner, Joanne Martin, William J., II TI Airway Delivery of Silica Increases Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infection in Mice: Potential Role of Repopulating Macrophages SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; PHAGOSOME-LYSOSOME FUSION; THORACIC LYMPH-NODES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IFN-GAMMA; DEFICIENT PATIENTS; LUNG FIBROSIS; MURINE MODEL AB Silica exposure results in an increased lifelong risk of developing mycobacterial pulmonary infections. To date, there are no animal models that replicate this finding to permit assessment of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. To test the hypothesis that prior silica exposure increases risk of mycobacterial infection, we intratracheally (I.T.) administered silica, a control dust (Al(2)O(3)) or saline into mechanically ventilated C57BL/6 mice. Later, the mice received Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium tuberculosis I.T. Mice were sacrificed at defined time points and mycobacteria in lung homogenates were quantified. M. avium or M. tuberculosis infection was markedly increased in silica-exposed mice compared with mice exposed to either Al(2)O(3) or saline beginning 3 wk after silica exposure. Similarly, lung sections from silica-exposed mice had many more acid fast bacilli(+) (AFB(+)) organisms than from control mice. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) from bronchoalveolar lavage of silica-exposed mice also revealed a higher number of mycobacteria compared with mice treated with Al(2)O(3) or saline. In addition, passive transfer of AMs from silica-exposed mice to control mice increased M. tuberculosis susceptibility. These results indicate that silica exposure converts mycobacteria-resistant mice into mycobacteria-susceptible mice via a process that likely involves a new population of AMs that are more susceptible to mycobacterial infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 7102-7109. C1 [Pasula, Rajamouli; Britigan, Bradley E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Britigan, Bradley E.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Turner, Joanne] Ohio State Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Microbial Interface Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Martin, William J., II] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pasula, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, POB 670557, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM pasular@ucmail.uc.edu RI Turner, Joanne/E-4219-2011; Turner, Joanne/F-4118-2015 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL076955]; Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 HL076955 (to R.P. and B.E.B.) and Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award (to B.E.B.). NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 182 IS 11 BP 7102 EP 7109 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0803642 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 448JG UT WOS:000266258300054 PM 19454707 ER PT J AU Chen, C Li, GL Liao, WM Wu, J Liu, L Ma, D Zhou, JF Elbekai, RH Edin, ML Zeldin, DC Wang, DW AF Chen, Chen Li, Guiling Liao, Wanmin Wu, Jun Liu, Liu Ma, Ding Zhou, Jianfeng Elbekai, Reem H. Edin, Matthew L. Zeldin, Darryl C. Wang, Dao Wen TI Selective Inhibitors of CYP2J2 Related to Terfenadine Exhibit Strong Activity against Human Cancers in Vitro and in Vivo SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID EPOXYGENASE; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450 2J2; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HUMAN-MELANOMA CELLS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; APOPTOSIS; PROMOTES AB The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, CYP2J2, converts arachidonic acid to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). We found recently that this enzyme is dramatically up-regulated in a variety of established human carcinoma cell lines and in human cancerous tissue and promotes the neoplastic phenotype. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that specific inhibitors of CYP2J2 related to the drug terfenadine are effective antitumor agents. Four of these inhibitors (compounds 4, 5, 11, and 26) were tested for effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In Tca-8113 cells, the CYP2J2 inhibitors decreased EET production by approximately 60%, whereas they had no effect on CYP2J2 mRNA or protein expression. Compound 26 inhibited the proliferation of human tumor cells, reduced their ability to adhere, invade, and migrate, and attenuated activation of epithelial growth factor receptor signal and kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathways. Inhibition of CYP2J2 also significantly potentiated human tumor cell apoptosis and caused a corresponding increase in caspase-3 activity and change in expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2. In murine xenograft models using MDA-MB-435 cells, treatment with compound 26 significantly repressed tumor growth, decreased lung metastasis, and was associated with increased expression of the anticancer genes CD82 and nm23, without causing toxicity. These data suggest that CYP2J2 inhibitors hold significant promise for use in treatment of neoplastic diseases. C1 [Chen, Chen; Li, Guiling; Liao, Wanmin; Wu, Jun; Liu, Liu; Ma, Ding; Zhou, Jianfeng; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Tongji Hosp, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. [Chen, Chen; Li, Guiling; Liao, Wanmin; Wu, Jun; Liu, Liu; Ma, Ding; Zhou, Jianfeng; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Inst Hypertens, Tongji Hosp, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. [Elbekai, Reem H.; Edin, Matthew L.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Tongji Hosp, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. EM dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn OI Edin, Matthew/0000-0002-7042-500X FU China Natural Science Foundation Committee [30540087, 30430320]; International Collaboration Project [2005DFA30880]; 973 Program [2007CB512004, 2002CB513107]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES025034] FX This work was supported in part by the China Natural Science Foundation Committee [Grants 30540087, 30430320]; the International Collaboration Project [Grant 2005DFA30880]; the 973 Program [Grants 2007CB512004, 2002CB513107]; and by the Intramural Research program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grant Z01 ES025034]. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 329 IS 3 BP 908 EP 918 DI 10.1124/jpet.109.152017 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 447QV UT WOS:000266207800008 PM 19289568 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Keener, TC Yang, YJ AF Lee, Joo-Youp Keener, Tim C. Yang, Y. Jeffery TI Potential Flue Gas Impurities in Carbon Dioxide Streams Separated from Coal-Fired Power Plants SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; ABANDONED WELL; SITE SELECTION; SEQUESTRATION; MONOETHANOLAMINE; ABSORPTION; DEGRADATION; SIMULATION AB For geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) separated from pulverized coal combustion flue gas, it is necessary to adequately evaluate the potential impacts of flue gas impurities on groundwater aquifers in the case of the CO(2) leakage from its storage sites. This study estimated the flue gas impurities to be included in the CO(2) stream separated from a CO(2) control unit for a different combination of air pollution control devices and different flue gas compositions. Specifically, the levels of acid gases and mercury vapor were estimated for the monoethanolamine (MEA)-based absorption process on the basis of published performance parameters of existing systems. Among the flue gas constituents considered, Sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) is known to have the most adverse impact on MEA absorption. When a flue gas contains 3000 parts per million by volume (ppmv) SO(2) and a wet flue gas desulfurization system achieves its 95% removal, approximately 2400 parts per million by weight (ppmw) SO(2) could be included in the separated CO(2) stream. In addition, the estimated concentration level was reduced to as low as 135 ppmw for the SO(2) of less than 10 ppmv in the flue gas entering the MEA unit. Furthermore, heat-stable salt formation could further reduce the SO(2) concentration below 40 ppmw in the separated CO(2) stream. In this study, it is realized that the formation rates of heat-stable salts in MEA solution are not readily available in the literature and are critical to estimating the levels and compositions of flue gas impurities in sequestered CO(2) streams. In addition to SO(2), mercury, and other impurities in separated CO(2) streams could vary depending on pollutant removal at the power plants and impose potential impacts on groundwater. Such a variation and related process control in the upstream management of carbon separation have implications for groundwater protection at carbon sequestration sites and warrant necessary considerations in overall sequestration planning, engineering, and management. C1 [Lee, Joo-Youp] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Keener, Tim C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Yang, Y. Jeffery] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Mail Locat 0012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM joo.lee@uc.edu NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 59 IS 6 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.6.725 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 455WB UT WOS:000266797400008 PM 19603740 ER PT J AU Teng, Q Huang, WL Collette, TW Ekman, DR Tan, C AF Teng, Quincy Huang, Wenlin Collette, Timothy W. Ekman, Drew R. Tan, Chalet TI A direct cell quenching method for cell-culture based metabolomics SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cellular metabolite; Cell-culture based metabolomics; Direct cell quenching; Metabolite profiling of breast cancer cells ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; BREAST-CANCER; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; SPECTROSCOPY; H-1; METABOLITES; IDENTIFICATION; YEAST AB A crucial step in metabolomic analysis of cellular extracts is the cell quenching process. The conventional method first uses trypsin to detach cells from their growth surface. This inevitably changes the profile of cellular metabolites since the detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix alters their physiology. This conventional method also includes time consuming wash/centrifuge steps after trypsinization, but prior to quenching cell activity. During this time, a considerable portion of intracellular metabolites are lost, rendering the conventional method less than ideal for application to metabolomics. We report here a novel sample preparation method for metabolomics applications using adherent mammalian cells, which eliminates the time consumption and physiological stress of the trypsinization and wash/centrifuge steps. This new method was evaluated in the study of metabolic changes caused by 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines using NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that our direct cell quenching method is rapid, effective, and exhibits greater metabolite retention, providing an increase of approximately a factor of 50 compared to the conventional method. C1 [Teng, Quincy; Huang, Wenlin; Collette, Timothy W.; Ekman, Drew R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tan, Chalet] Mercer Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Teng, Q (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM teng.quincy@epa.gov; huang.wenlin@epa.gov; collette.tim@epa.gov; ekman.drew@epa.gov; tan_c@mercer.edu FU U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development; U.S. EPA Office of Science Council Policy FX This work was funded in part through the Computational Toxicology Program of the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development and the U.S. EPA Office of Science Council Policy. It has been subjected to review by the National Exposure Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s11306-008-0137-z PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 440FS UT WOS:000265686800004 ER PT J AU Mazan, MR Svatek, J Maranda, L Christiani, D Ghio, A Nadeau, J Hoffman, AM AF Mazan, Melissa R. Svatek, Jessica Maranda, Louise Christiani, David Ghio, Andrew Nadeau, Jenifer Hoffman, Andrew M. TI Questionnaire assessment of airway disease symptoms in equine barn personnel SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Airway disease; asthma; barn; horse; IAD; organic dust ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LUNG-FUNCTION; DUST EXPOSURE; AIRBORNE DUST; RISK-FACTORS; COTTON DUST; HORSES; INFLAMMATION; SENSITIZATION AB Background People working in cattle, swine and poultry barns have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function. There is scant evidence regarding the respiratory health of humans working in horse barns, although it is well documented that stabled horses have a high prevalence of airway disease. Aims To determine whether people spending time in horse barns have a higher prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms than non-exposed controls. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted from May 2005 to January 2006 to investigate the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms in 82 barn-exposed subjects and 74 control subjects. Logistic regression and the chi-square test were used to analyse the data. Results There was a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms in the barn-exposed group (50%) versus the control group (15%). Exposure to horse barns, smoking and family history of asthma or allergies was independent risk factors for respiratory symptoms. High exposure to the horse barn yielded a higher odds ratio for self-reported respiratory symptoms (8.9). Conclusions Exposure to the equine barn is a risk factor for respiratory symptoms. Investigation of organic dust exposures, lung function and horse dander allergies in the barn-exposed group will be necessary to determine how best to protect the health of this group. C1 [Mazan, Melissa R.; Svatek, Jessica; Hoffman, Andrew M.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Christiani, David] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ghio, Andrew] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Nadeau, Jenifer] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Maranda, Louise] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Mazan, MR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM melissa.mazan@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [T35 DK07635] FX National Institutes of Health (T35 DK07635). NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0962-7480 J9 OCCUP MED-OXFORD JI Occup. Med.-Oxf. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1093/occmed/kqp003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 451VR UT WOS:000266499500006 PM 19223434 ER PT J AU Tomimatsu, G AF Tomimatsu, G. TI US EPA's approach to risk assessment and regulation of biopesticides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathology-Society CY AUG 01-05, 2009 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tomimatsu, G.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 447SY UT WOS:000266213301035 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Teng, Q Huang, WL Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Huang, Wenlin Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI Down-Regulation of PoGT47C Expression in Poplar Results in a Reduced Glucuronoxylan Content and an Increased Wood Digestibility by Cellulase SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass recalcitrance; Glucuronoxylan biosynthesis; Glycosyltransferase; Poplar; Secondary wall biosynthesis; Wood formation ID CELL-WALL FORMATION; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SYNTHASE-LIKE; END-GROUPS; XYLAN; PLANTS; GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-IRREGULAR-XYLEM8; ARABIDOPSIS-FRAGILE-FIBER8; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE AB Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide in dicot wood. Unraveling the biosynthetic pathway of xylan is important not only for our understanding of the process of wood formation but also for our rational engineering of wood for biofuel production. Although several glycosyltransferases are implicated in glucuronoxylan (GX) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, whether their close orthologs in woody tree species are essential for GX biosynthesis during wood formation has not been investigated. In fact, no studies have been reported to evaluate the effects of alterations in secondary wall-associated glycosyltransferases on wood formation in tree species. In this report, we demonstrate that PoGT47C, a poplar glycosyltransferase belonging to family GT47, is essential for the normal biosynthesis of GX and the normal secondary wall thickening in the wood of the hybrid poplar Populus albatremula. RNA interference (RNAi) inhibition of PoGT47C resulted in a drastic reduction in the thickness of secondary walls, a deformation of vessels and a decreased amount of GX in poplar wood. Structural analysis of GX using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the reducing end of GX from poplar wood contains the tetrasaccharide sequence, -d-Xylp-(13)-l-Rhap-(12)--d-GalpA-(14)-d-Xylp, and that its abundance was significantly decreased in the GX from the wood of the GT47C-RNAi lines. The transgenic wood was found to yield more glucose by cellulase digestion than the wild-type wood, indicating that the GX reduction in wood reduces the recalcitrance of wood to cellulase digestion. Together, these results provide direct evidence demonstrating that the PoGT47C glycosyltransferase is essential for normal GX biosynthesis in poplar wood and that GX modification could improve the digestibility of wood cellulose by cellulase. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy; Huang, Wenlin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15415] FX The Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy (contract No. DE-FG02-03ER15415). NR 33 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1089 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcp060 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 457WZ UT WOS:000266967600007 PM 19395414 ER PT J AU Drake, JW AF Drake, John W. TI Avoiding Dangerous Missense: Thermophiles Display Especially Low Mutation Rates SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTITUTION; SELECTION; FIDELITY; REPAIR; REPLICATION; SPECIFICITY AB Rates of spontaneous mutation have been estimated under optimal growth conditions for a variety of DNA-based microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotes. When expressed as genomic mutation rates, most of the values were in the vicinity of 0.003-0.004 with a range of less than two-fold. Because the genome sizes varied by roughly 10(4)-fold, the mutation rates per average base pair varied inversely by a similar factor. Even though the commonality of the observed genomic rates remains unexplained, it implies that mutation rates in unstressed microbes reach values that can be finely tuned by evolution. An insight originating in the 1920s and maturing in the 1960s proposed that the genomic mutation rate would reflect a balance between the deleterious effect of the average mutation and the cost of further reducing the mutation rate. If this view is correct, then increasing the deleterious impact of the average mutation should be countered by reducing the genomic mutation rate. It is a common observation that many neutral or nearly neutral mutations become strongly deleterious at higher temperatures, in which case they are called temperature-sensitive mutations. Recently, the kinds and rates of spontaneous mutations were described for two microbial thermophiles, a bacterium and an archaeon. Using an updated method to extrapolate from mutation-reporter genes to whole genomes reveals that the rate of base substitutions is substantially lower in these two thermophiles than in mesophiles. This result provides the first experimental support for the concept of an evolved balance between the total genomic impact of mutations and the cost of further reducing the basal mutation rate. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM drake@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH [Z01 ES65016]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by funds allocated to project number Z01 ES65016 of the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 AR e1000520 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000520 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 476MA UT WOS:000268444600017 PM 19543367 ER PT J AU Kallin, EM Cao, R Jothi, R Xia, K Cui, KR Zhao, KJ Zhang, Y AF Kallin, Eric M. Cao, Ru Jothi, Raja Xia, Kai Cui, Kairong Zhao, Keji Zhang, Yi TI Genome-Wide uH2A Localization Analysis Highlights Bmi1-Dependent Deposition of the Mark at Repressed Genes SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; HISTONE H2A UBIQUITINATION; POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS; DNA METHYLATION; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATORS; BINDING-SITES; COMPLEXES; H3; UBIQUITYLATION; CHROMATIN AB Polycomb group (PcG) proteins control organism development by regulating the expression of developmental genes. Transcriptional regulation by PcG proteins is achieved, at least partly, through the PRC2-mediated methylation on lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) and PRC1-mediated ubiquitylation on lysine 119 of histone H2A (uH2A). As an integral component of PRC1, Bmi1 has been demonstrated to be critical for H2A ubiquitylation. Although recent studies have revealed the genome-wide binding patterns of some of the PRC1 and PRC2 components, as well as the H3K27me3 mark, there have been no reports describing genome-wide localization of uH2A. Using the recently developed ChIP-Seq technology, here, we report genome-wide localization of the Bmi1-dependent uH2A mark in MEF cells. Gene promoter averaging analysis indicates a peak of uH2A just inside the transcription start site (TSS) of well-annotated genes. This peak is enriched at promoters containing the H3K27me3 mark and represents the least expressed genes in WT MEF cells. In addition, peak finding reveals regions of local uH2A enrichment throughout the mouse genome, including almost 700 gene promoters. Genes with promoter peaks of uH2A exhibit lower-level expression when compared to genes that do not contain promoter peaks of uH2A. Moreover, we demonstrate that genes with uH2A peaks have increased expression upon Bmi1 knockout. Importantly, local enrichment of uH2A is not limited to regions containing the H3K27me3 mark. We describe the enrichment of H2A ubiquitylation at high-density CpG promoters and provide evidence to suggest that DNA methylation may be linked to uH2A at these regions. Thus, our work not only reveals Bmi1-dependent H2A ubiquitylation, but also suggests that uH2A targeting in differentiated cells may employ a different mechanism from that in ES cells. C1 [Kallin, Eric M.; Cao, Ru; Xia, Kai; Zhang, Yi] Univ N Carolina, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Kallin, Eric M.; Cao, Ru; Xia, Kai; Zhang, Yi] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jothi, Raja] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cui, Kairong; Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Lab Mol Immunol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kallin, EM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM yi_zhang@med.unc.edu RI Xia, Kai/B-7214-2014; Jothi, Raja/G-3780-2015 FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [GM68804]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX RJ, KC and KZ were supported by the intramural research programs of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. RJ was supported in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. Others were supported by NIH (GM68804) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. YZ is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 AR e1000506 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000506 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 476MA UT WOS:000268444600039 PM 19503595 ER PT J AU Lau, C AF Lau, Christopher TI Perfluoroalkyl acids: Recent activities and research progress SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERFLUOROOCTANOATE PFOA CONCENTRATIONS; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; FLUOROCHEMICALS; TRANSPORT; BLOOD C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.011 PG 3 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100001 PM 19429400 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD AF Abbott, Barbara D. TI Review of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPAR alpha), beta (PPAR beta), and gamma (PPAR gamma) in rodent and human development SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PPAR alpha; PPAR beta; PPAR gamma; Embryo; Fetal expression ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CROSS-FOSTER; TARGET GENES; MICE LACKING AB The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and there are three primary subtypes, PPAR alpha, beta, and gamma. These receptors regulate important physiological processes that impact lipid homeostasis, inflammation, adipogenesis, reproduction, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. These nuclear receptors have important roles in reproduction and development and their expression may influence the responses of an embryo exposed to PPAR agonists. PPARs are relevant to the study of the biological effects of the perfluorinated alkyl acids as these compounds, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), activate PPAR alpha. Exposure of the rodent to PFOA or PFOS during gestation results in neonatal deaths, developmental delay and growth deficits. Studies in PPAR alpha knockout mice demonstrate that the developmental effects of PFOA, but not PFOS, depend on expression of PPAR alpha. This review provides an overview of PPAR alpha, beta, and gamma protein and mRNA expression during mouse, rat, and human development. The review presents the results from many published studies and the information is organized by organ system and collated to show patterns of expression at comparable developmental stages for human, mouse, and rat. The features of the PPAR nuclear receptor family are introduced and what is known or inferred about their roles in development is discussed relative to insights from genetically modified mice and studies in the adult. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Abbott, Barbara D.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Bldg,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 67 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 8 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.001 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100005 PM 18996469 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Wolf, CJ Das, KP Zehr, RD Schmid, JE Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Lau, C AF Abbott, Barbara D. Wolf, Cynthia J. Das, Kaberi P. Zehr, Robert D. Schmid, Judith E. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Lau, Christopher TI Developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is not dependent on expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) in the mouse SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); Developmental toxicity; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) ID PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; POTASSIUM-SALT; US POPULATION; BLOOD-DONORS AB Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are members of a family of perfluorinated compounds. Both are environmentally persistent and found in the serum of wildlife and humans. PFOS and PFOA are developmentally toxic in laboratory rodents. Exposure to these chemicals in utero delays development and reduces postnatal survival and growth. Exposure to PFOS on the last 4 days of gestation in the rat is sufficient to reduce neonatal survival. PFOS and PFOA are weak agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha). The reduced postnatal survival of neonatal mice exposed to PFOA was recently shown to depend on expression of PPARa. This study used PPAR alpha knockout (KO) and 129S1/SvlmJ wild type (WT) mice to determine if PPAR alpha expression is required for the developmental toxicity of PFOS. After mating overnight, the next day was designated gestation day (GD) 0. WT females were weighed and dosed orally from GD15 to 18 with 0.5% Tween-20, 4.5, 6.5. 8.5, or 10.5 mg PFOS/kg/day. KO females were dosed with 0.5% Tween-20, 8.5 or 10.5 mg PFOS/kg/day. Dams and pups were observed daily and pups were weighed on postnatal day (PND) 1 and PND15. Eye opening was recorded from PND12 to 15. Dams and pups were killed on PND15, body and liver weights recorded, and serum collected. PFOS did not affect maternal weight gain or body or liver weights of the dams on PND15. Neonatal survival (PND1-15) was significantly reduced by PFOS in both WT and KO litters at all doses. WT and KO pup birth weight and weight gain from PND1 to 15 were not significantly affected by PFOS exposure. Relative liver weight of WT and KO pups was significantly increased by the 10.5 mg/kg dose. Eye opening of PFOS-exposed pups was slightly delayed in WT and KO on PND13 or 14, respectively. Because results in WT and KO were Comparable, it is concluded that PFOS-induced neonatal lethality and delayed eye opening are not dependent on activation of PPAR alpha. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Abbott, Barbara D.; Wolf, Cynthia J.; Das, Kaberi P.; Zehr, Robert D.; Schmid, Judith E.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Bldg,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 57 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.05.061 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100006 PM 18595657 ER PT J AU Ren, HZ Vallanat, B Nelson, DM Yeung, LWY Guruge, KS Lam, PKS Lehman-McKeeman, LD Corton, JC AF Ren, Hongzu Vallanat, Beena Nelson, David M. Yeung, Leo W. Y. Guruge, Keerthi S. Lam, Paul K. S. Lehman-McKeeman, Lois D. Corton, J. Christopher TI Evidence for the involvement of xenobiotic-responsive nuclear receptors in transcriptional effects upon perfluoroalkyl acid exposure in diverse species SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Peroxisome proliferators; Perfluorinated alkyl acids; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Perfluorooctane sulfonate; Liver cancer ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR; LIVER GENE-EXPRESSION; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC-ACID; PPAR-ALPHA; MOUSE-LIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS AB Humans and ecological species have been found to have detectable body burdens of a number of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA) including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). In mouse and rat liver these compounds elicit transcriptional and phenotypic effects similar to peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) that work through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Recent studies indicate that along with PPAR alpha other nuclear receptors are required for transcriptional changes in the mouse liver after PFOA exposure including the constitutive activated receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) that regulate xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME). To determine the potential role of CAR/PXR in mediating effects of PFAAs in rat liver, we performed a meta-analysis of transcript profiles from published studies in which rats were exposed to PFOA or PFOS. We compared the profiles to those produced by exposure to prototypical activators of CAR, (phenobarbital (PB)), PXR (pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)), or PPAR alpha (WY-14,643 (WY)). As expected, PFOA and PFOS elicited transcript profile signatures that included many known PPAR alpha target genes. Numerous XME genes were also altered by PFOA and PFOS but not WY. These genes exhibited expression changes shared with PB or PCN. Reexamination of the transcript profiles from the livers of chicken or fish exposed to PEAAs indicated that PPAR alpha, CAR, and PXR orthologs were not activated. Our results indicate that PFAAs under these experimental conditions activate PPAR alpha, CAR, and PXR in rats but not chicken and fish. Lastly, we discuss evidence that human populations with greater CAR expression have lower body burdens of PFAAs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Vallanat, Beena; Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, NHEERL Toxicogenom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nelson, David M.; Lehman-McKeeman, Lois D.] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Discovery Toxicol, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Yeung, Leo W. Y.; Guruge, Keerthi S.] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Safety Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. [Yeung, Leo W. Y.; Lam, Paul K. S.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Yeung, Leo/P-1967-2015 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; Yeung, Leo/0000-0001-6800-5658 NR 80 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 266 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.011 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100007 PM 19162173 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Schmid, JE Das, KP Wood, CR Zehr, RD Lau, C AF Rosen, Mitchell B. Schmid, Judith E. Das, Kaberi P. Wood, Carmen R. Zehr, Robert D. Lau, Christopher TI Gene expression profiling in the liver and lung of perfluorooctane sulfonate-exposed mouse fetuses: Comparison to changes induced by exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE PFOS; PFOA; PPAR alpha; Gene profiling; Liver; Lung; Mouse; Fetus ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; PPAR-ALPHA; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; TARGET GENES; BILE-ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE AB Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are environmental contaminants found in the tissues of humans and wildlife. They are activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) and exhibit hepatocarcinogenic potential in rats. PFOS and PFOA are also developmental toxicants in rodents and PFOS has been shown to induce pulmonary deficits in rat offspring. Pregnant CD-1 mice were dosed with 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS from gestation days 1-17. Transcript profiling was conducted on the fetal liver and lung. Results were contrasted to data derived from a previous PFOA study. PFOS-dependent changes were primarily related to activation of PPAR(x. No remarkable differences were found between PFOS and PFOA. Given that PPAR alpha signaling is required for neonatal mortality in PFOA-treated mice but not those exposed to PFOS, the neonatal mortality observed for PFOS may reflect functional deficits related to the physical properties of the chemical rather than to transcript alterations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rosen, Mitchell B.; Schmid, Judith E.; Das, Kaberi P.; Wood, Carmen R.; Zehr, Robert D.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rosen, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosen.mitch@epa.gov NR 88 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.007 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100008 PM 19429403 ER PT J AU White, SS Kato, K Jia, LT Basden, BJ Calafat, AM Hines, EP Stanko, JP Wolf, CJ Abbott, BD Fenton, SE AF White, Sally S. Kato, Kayoko Jia, Lily T. Basden, Brian J. Calafat, Antonia M. Hines, Erin P. Stanko, Jason P. Wolf, Cynthia J. Abbott, Barbara D. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); Mammary gland; Prenatal exposure; Neonatal exposure; Lactation; Dosimetry; Delayed development; Fetal origins of adult disease ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; SULFONATE PFOS; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN-MILK; BLOOD; PREGNANCY; TOXICITY AB The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-I dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5 mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [White, Sally S.; Hines, Erin P.; Stanko, Jason P.; Wolf, Cynthia J.; Abbott, Barbara D.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [White, Sally S.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Jia, Lily T.; Basden, Brian J.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102785-01] NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.11.054 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100009 PM 19095057 ER PT J AU Reiner, JL Nakayama, SF Delinsky, AD Stanko, JP Fenton, SE Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ AF Reiner, Jessica L. Nakayama, Shoji F. Delinsky, Amy D. Stanko, Jason P. Fenton, Suzanne E. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. TI Analysis of PFOA in dosed CD1 mice: Part 1. Methods development for the analysis of tissues and fluids from pregnant and lactating mice and their pups SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE PFOA; Reproductive; Serum; Amniotic fluid; Urine; Milk; Mammary tissue; Whole pups ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOLS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; HUMAN BLOOD; FLUOROCHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; MOUSE AB The number of studies involving the analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has increased recently because PFOA is routinely detected in human blood samples from around the world. Recent studies with mice have shown that dosing pregnant dams with PFOA during gestation gives rise to a dose-dependent mortality in the litters, a reduction in neonatal body weight for the surviving pups, and subsequent deficits in mammary gland development when compared to control animals. The actual body burdens of PFOA in dams and pups associated with these endpoints have not been determined, in part due to a lack of robust analytical methods for these matrices. The goal of the current study was to develop reliable methods with acceptable performance characteristics for the analysis of PFOA in several matrices relevant to pregnant mouse studies. Dam and pup serum, amniotic fluid, urine, milk, mammary tissue, and whole mouse pups were isolated for method development and analysis. The resulting method provided excellent accuracy (92.1-111%) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation 4.3-21%) making them very useful for future studies. These methods were then applied to dosed animal fluids and tissues in order to conduct a thorough evaluation of the pharmacokinetics in utero. Resulting tissue specific measurements of PFOA in serum, amniotic fluid, urine, milk, mammary tissue, and whole pup homogenate will be used to more completely describe the dose-response relationships for the most sensitive health outcomes and inform pharmacokinetic models that are being developed and evaluated. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stanko, Jason P.; Fenton, Suzanne E.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Delinsky, Amy D.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Strynar, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM strynar.mark@epa.gov RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011; Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102785-01] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.006 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100016 PM 19028561 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE Reiner, JL Nakayama, SF Delinsky, AD Stanko, JP Hines, EP White, SS Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Petropoulou, SSE AF Fenton, Suzanne E. Reiner, Jessica L. Nakayama, Shoji F. Delinsky, Amy D. Stanko, Jason P. Hines, Erin P. White, Sally S. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Petropoulou, Syrago-Styliani E. TI Analysis of PFOA in dosed CD-1 mice. Part 2: Disposition of PFOA in tissues and fluids from pregnant and lactating mice and their pups SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE PFOA; serum; Amniotic fluid; Urine; Milk; Mammary gland; Dosimetry; Disposition ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; MAMMARY BLOOD-FLOW; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; FETAL-GROWTH; EXPOSURE AB Previous studies in mice with multiple gestational exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) demonstrate numerous dose dependent growth and developmental effects which appeared to worsen if offspring exposed in utero nursed from PFOA-exposed dams. To evaluate the disposition of PFOA in the pregnant and lactating dam and her offspring, time-pregnant CD-I mice received a single 0, 0.1, 1, or 5 mg PFOA/kg BW dose (n = 25/dose group) by gavage on gestation day 17. Maternal and pup fluids and tissues were collected over time. Pups exhibited significantly higher serum PFOA concentrations than their respective dams, and their body burden increased after birth until at least postnatal day 8, regardless of dose. The distribution of milk:serum PFOA varied by dose and time, but was typically in excess of 0.20. These data suggest that milk is a substantial PFOA exposure route in mice and should be considered in risk assessment modeling designs for this compound. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fenton, Suzanne E.; Stanko, Jason P.; Hines, Erin P.; White, Sally S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Petropoulou, Syrago-Styliani E.] US EPA, ORD, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [White, Sally S.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011; Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008; OI Petropoulou, Syrago-Styliani/0000-0001-8398-0136; Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102785-01] NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.012 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100017 PM 19429407 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, CE Setzer, RW Barton, HA AF Rodriguez, Chester E. Setzer, R. Woodrow Barton, Hugh A. TI Pharmacokinetic modeling of perfluorooctanoic acid during gestation and lactation in the mouse SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Perfluorooctanoic acid; Pharmacokinetics; Modeling; Mice; Rats; Developmental toxicity; Gestation; Lactation ID 8-2 FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOL; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HUMAN PLASMA; MICE; EXPOSURE; MILK; RAT; PREGNANCY; TRANSPORT AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a processing aid for the polymerization of commercially valuable fluoropolymers. Its widespread environmental distribution, presence in human blood, and adverse effects in animal toxicity studies have triggered attention to its potential adverse effects to humans. PFOA is not metabolized and exhibits dramatically different serum/plasma half-lives across species. Estimated half-lives for humans, monkeys, mice, and female rats are 3-5 years, 20-30 days, 12-20 days, and 2-4 h. respectively. Developmental toxicity is one of the most sensitive adverse effects associated with PFOA exposure in rodents, but its interpretation for risk assessment is currently hampered by the lack of understanding of the inter-species pharmacokinetics of PFOA. To address this uncertainty, a biologically supported dynamic model was developed whereby a two-compartment system linked via placental blood flow described gestation and milk production linked a lactating dam to a growing pup litter compartment. Postnatal serum levels of PFOA for 129S1/SvImJ mice at doses of 1 mg/kg or less were reasonably simulated while prenatal and postnatal measurements for CD-I mice at doses of I mg/kg or greater were simulated via the addition of a biologically based saturable renal resorption description. Our results suggest that at low doses a linear model may suffice for describing the pharmacokinetics of PFOA while a more complex model may be needed at higher doses. Although mice may appear more sensitive based on administered dose of PFOA, the internal dose metrics estimated in this analysis indicate that they may be equal or less sensitive than rats. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rodriguez, Chester E.; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rodriguez, CE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol B205 1, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rodriguez.chester@epa.gov; habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.009 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100018 PM 19429408 ER PT J AU Genaidy, A Tolaymat, T Sequeira, R Rinder, M Dionysiou, D AF Genaidy, Ash Tolaymat, Thabet Sequeira, Reynold Rinder, Magda Dionysiou, Dion TI Health effects of exposure to carbon nanofibers: Systematic review, critical appraisal, meta analysis and research to practice perspectives SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanofibers; Health effects; Exposure; Workplace; Risk; Research to practice ID NANOTUBE CYTOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; KERATINOCYTES; NANOMATERIALS; DEPENDENCE; TOXICOLOGY; RISKS; CELLS; RATS AB Background: Literature reviews examining the relationship between exposure to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and health consequences are qualitative in nature and do not employ an evidence-based assessment. Objective: This research deals with a systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis designed to examine the potential health effects associated with exposure to CNFs. The utilization of research findings into practice is also explored. Methods: Published articles were obtained from a search of electronic databases and bibliographies of identified articles. A critical appraisal was conducted using an 'Experimental Appraisal Instrument' developed in this study. The meta-analysis was established using statistical techniques with/without the incorporation of overall study quality. The likelihood of utilizing research findings into practice (i.e., from research to practice) was computed using a four-step algorithm based on the criteria of. strength of association, consistency among studies, temporality, biological gradient, type of experimental unit, type of CNF (single- and multi-wall nanotubes), CNF grade (commercial or altered), exposure dose, exposure duration, and support by analogy from the published literature. Results: Twenty-one experimental studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were performed on human cells, experimental animal models and animal cells as experimental units. The methodological qualities of published studies ranged from 'very poor' to 'excellent', with 'overall study description' scoring 'good' and 'study execution' equal to 'moderate'. The random-effects model was applied in the meta-analysis calculations as heterogeneity. was significant at the 10% for all outcomes reported. The mean standardized meta-estimates for the experimental groups were significantly lower than those for the control groups for cell viability and cell death, respectively. Incorporating the effect of overall study quality score widened the gap between the experimental and control groups. Assessment of research findings on the basis of the four-step algorithm revealed that the likelihood of the results to occur in practice is 'somewhat possible' at this time. That is, if exposure conditions to CNF in the reported studies are similar to those in nano-manufacturing plants, it is somewhat possible that CNFs alter the function of human cells resulting in loss of cell viability and cell death. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it is 'somewhat possible' for the CNF to penetrate the human cells in the targeted organs and to cause cellular damage. Although the weight of evidence is not sufficient, it is advisable that actions be taken to ensure the protection of workers exposed to CNFs, that is, (a) engineering controls should be established to contain exposure to CNF, and (b) simultaneously rigorous personnel protective equipment should be planned to further minimize the risk of CNF exposure. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Genaidy, Ash; Sequeira, Reynold; Dionysiou, Dion] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Genaidy, Ash; Rinder, Magda] WorldTek Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Genaidy, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM world_tek_inc@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 12 BP 3686 EP 3701 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.025 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451BT UT WOS:000266446400009 PM 19303626 ER PT J AU Grim, KC Wolfe, M Braunbeck, T Iguchi, T Ohta, Y Tooi, O Touart, L Wolf, DC Tietge, J AF Grim, K. Christiana Wolfe, Marilyn Braunbeck, Thomas Iguchi, Taisen Ohta, Yasuhiko Tooi, Osamu Touart, Les Wolf, Douglas C. Tietge, Joe TI Thyroid Histopathology Assessments for the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay to Detect Thyroid-active Substances SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibia; metamorphosis; thyroid; histopathology; histology; Xenopus laevis ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; MODEL AB In support of an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA) Test Guideline for the detection of substances that interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, a document was developed that provides a standardized approach for evaluating the histology/histopathology of thyroid glands in metamorphosing Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Here, a consolidated description of histology evaluation practices, core diagnostic criteria and severity grading schemes for the AMA, an atlas of the normal architecture of amphibian thyroid glands over the course of metamorphosis, and the core diagnostic criteria with examples of severity grades is provided. Core diagnostic criteria include thyroid gland hypertrophy/atrophy, follicular cell hypertrophy, and follicular cell hyperplasia. The severity grading scheme is semiquantitative and employs a four-grade approach describing ranges of variation within assigned ordinal classes: not remarkable, mild, moderate, and severe. The purpose of this severity grading approach is to provide an efficient, semi-objective tool for comparing changes (compound-related effects) among animals, treatment groups, and studies. Proposed descriptions of lesions for scoring the four core criteria are also given. C1 [Grim, K. Christiana] Ctr Species Survival, Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Grim, K. Christiana; Touart, Les] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wolfe, Marilyn] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Sterling, VA USA. [Braunbeck, Thomas] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Zool, Aquat Ecol & Toxicol Grp, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Iguchi, Taisen] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Basic Biol, Dept Bioenvironm Sci, Okazaki Inst Integrat Biosci,Div Bioenvironm Sci, Aichi, Japan. [Ohta, Yasuhiko] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Anim Expt Lab, Koyama, Japan. [Tooi, Osamu] IDEA Consultants Inc, Inst Environm Ecol, Shizuoka, Japan. [Wolf, Douglas C.; Tietge, Joe] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.; Tietge, Joe] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Grim, KC (reprint author), Ctr Species Survival, Conservat Res Ctr, Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM grim.christiana@epa.gov OI Braunbeck, Thomas/0000-0002-1785-6759 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1177/0192623309335063 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463YW UT WOS:000267471200002 PM 19387088 ER PT J AU Wang, A Wolf, DC Sen, B Knapp, GW Holladay, SD Huckle, WR Caceci, T Robertson, JL AF Wang, Amy Wolf, Douglas C. Sen, Banalata Knapp, Geremy W. Holladay, Steven D. Huckle, William R. Caceci, Thomas Robertson, John L. TI Dimethylarsinic Acid in Drinking Water Changed the Morphology of Urinary Bladder but Not the Expression of DNA Repair Genes of Bladder Transitional Epithelium in F344 Rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; dimethylarsinic acid; urothelium; DNA damage repair; ultrastructure ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; IN-VITRO; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; ARSENIC TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES; METAL MIXTURE; NITRIC-OXIDE; B6C3F1 MICE; HUMAN-CELLS AB Inorganic arsenic increases urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in humans. In F344 rats, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA[ V]) increases transitional cell carcinoma. Arsenic-induced inhibition of DNA repair has been reported in cultured cell lines and in lymphocytes of arsenic-exposed humans, but it has not been studied in urinary bladder. Should inhibition of DNA damage repair in transitional epithelium occur, it may contribute to carcinogenesis or cocarcinogenesis. We investigated morphology and expression of DNA repair genes in F344 rat transitional cells following up to 100 ppm DMA(V) in drinking water for four weeks. Mitochondria were very sensitive to DMA(V), and swollen mitochondria appeared to be the main source of vacuoles in the transitional epithelium. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time RT PCR) showed the mRNA levels of tested DNA repair genes, ataxia telangectasia mutant (ATM), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), excision repair cross-complementing group 3/xeroderma pigmentosum B (ERCC3/XPB), and DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), were not altered by DMA(V). These data suggested that either DMA(V) does not affect DNA repair in the bladder or DMA(V) affects DNA repair without affecting baseline mRNA levels of repair genes. The possibility remains that DMA(V) may lower damage-induced increases in repair gene expression or cause post-translational modification of repair enzymes. C1 [Sen, Banalata] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.; Knapp, Geremy W.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wang, Amy; Holladay, Steven D.; Huckle, William R.; Caceci, Thomas; Robertson, John L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment B 243 01, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM amywang@vt.edu NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1177/0192623309334147 PG 13 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463YW UT WOS:000267471200003 PM 19387086 ER PT J AU Elespuru, RK Agarwal, R Atrakchi, AH Bigger, CAH Heflich, RH Jagannath, DR Levy, DD Moore, MM Ouyang, YL Robison, TW Sotomayor, RE Cimino, MC Dearfield, KL AF Elespuru, Rosalie K. Agarwal, Rajiv Atrakchi, Aisar H. Bigger, C. Anita H. Heflich, Robert H. Jagannath, Devaraya R. Levy, Dan D. Moore, Martha M. Ouyang, Yanli Robison, Timothy W. Sotomayor, Rene E. Cimino, Michael C. Dearfield, Kerry L. TI Current and Future Application of Genetic Toxicity Assays: The Role and Value of In Vitro Mammalian Assays SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN SAFETY EVALUATION; PREDICTING RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; MUTATION ASSAY; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FOLLOW-UP; GENOTOXICITY TESTS; MUTAGENIC POTENCY; PIG-A AB With the advent of new technologies (e.g., genomics, automated analyses, and in vivo monitoring), new regulations (e.g., the reduction of animal tests by the European REACH), and new approaches to toxicology (e.g., Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century, National Research Council), the field of regulatory genetic toxicology is undergoing a serious re-examination. Within this context, Toxicological Sciences has published a series of articles in its Forum Section on the theme, "Genetic Toxicity Assessment: Employing the Best Science for Human Safety Evaluation" (beginning with Goodman et al.). As a contribution to the Forum discussions, we present current methods for evaluating mutagenic/genotoxic risk using standard genotoxicity test batteries, and suggest ways to address and incorporate new technologies. We recognize that the occurrence of positive results in relation to cancer prediction has led to criticism of in vitro mammalian cell genetic toxicity assays. We address criticism of test results related to weak positives, associated only with considerable toxicity, only seen at high concentrations, not accompanied by positive results in the other tests of standard test batteries, and/or not correlating well with rodent carcinogenicity tests. We suggest that the problems pointed out by others with these assays already have been resolved, to a large extent, by international groups working to update assay protocols, and by changes in data interpretation at regulatory agencies. New guidances at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration improve data evaluation and help refocus risk assessment. We discuss the results of international groups working together to integrate new technologies and evaluate new tests, including human monitoring. We suggest that strategies for identifying human health risks should naturally change to integrate new technologies; however, changes should be made only when justified by strong scientific evidence of improvement in the risk assessment paradigm. C1 [Elespuru, Rosalie K.] US FDA, CDRH, OSEL, DB, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Elespuru, Rosalie K.; Atrakchi, Aisar H.; Bigger, C. Anita H.; Heflich, Robert H.; Jagannath, Devaraya R.; Levy, Dan D.; Moore, Martha M.; Robison, Timothy W.; Sotomayor, Rene E.] US FDA, GeneTox Network, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Elespuru, Rosalie K.; Agarwal, Rajiv; Atrakchi, Aisar H.; Bigger, C. Anita H.; Heflich, Robert H.; Jagannath, Devaraya R.; Levy, Dan D.; Moore, Martha M.; Ouyang, Yanli; Robison, Timothy W.; Sotomayor, Rene E.] CDER, Genet Toxicol Subcomm, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Agarwal, Rajiv] US FDA, Off Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Atrakchi, Aisar H.; Bigger, C. Anita H.; Ouyang, Yanli; Robison, Timothy W.] US FDA, Off New Drugs, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Heflich, Robert H.; Moore, Martha M.] US FDA, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Jagannath, Devaraya R.] US FDA, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Levy, Dan D.; Sotomayor, Rene E.] US FDA, Off Nutr Labeling & Dietary Supplements, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cimino, Michael C.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry L.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Elespuru, RK (reprint author), US FDA, CDRH, OSEL, DB, Bldg 64-3020,10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM rosalie.elespuru@fda.hhs.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp067 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 449VH UT WOS:000266357900002 PM 19336498 ER PT J AU Watanabe, KH Li, Z Kroll, KJ Villeneuve, DL Garcia-Reyero, N Orlando, EF Sepulveda, MS Collette, TW Ekman, DR Ankley, GT Denslow, ND AF Watanabe, Karen H. Li, Zhenhong Kroll, Kevin J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Orlando, Edward F. Sepulveda, Maria S. Collette, Timothy W. Ekman, Drew R. Ankley, Gerald T. Denslow, Nancy D. TI A Computational Model of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Fathead Minnows Exposed to 17 alpha-Ethinylestradiol and 17 beta-Estradiol SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EE(2); E(2); fish; steroid hormones; environmental estrogen; Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation; predictive toxicology; system model ID ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; STEROID-BINDING-PROTEIN; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-CYCLE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Estrogenic chemicals in the aquatic environment have been shown to cause a variety of reproductive anomalies in fish including full sex reversal, intersex, and altered population sex ratios. Two estrogens found in the aquatic environment, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2)) and 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), have been measured in wastewater treatment effluents and have been shown to cause adverse effects in fish. To further our understanding of how estrogen exposure affects reproductive endpoints in the male fathead minnow (FHM, Pimephales promelas), a physiologically based computational model was developed of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Apical reproductive endpoints in the model include plasma steroid hormone and vitellogenin concentrations. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, the model was calibrated with data from unexposed FHM, and FHM exposed to EE(2) and E(2). Independent experimental data sets were used to evaluate model predictions. We found good agreement between our model predictions and a variety of measured reproductive endpoints, although the model underpredicts unexposed FHM reproductive endpoint variances, and overpredicts variances in estrogen-exposed FHM. We conclude that this model provides a robust representation of the HPG axis in male FHM. C1 [Watanabe, Karen H.; Li, Zhenhong] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Dept Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Kroll, Kevin J.; Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kroll, Kevin J.; Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Anim & Avian Sci Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Collette, Timothy W.; Ekman, Drew R.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Watanabe, KH (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Dept Sci & Engn, West Campus,20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM watanabe@ebs.ogi.edu RI li, zhenhong/B-1699-2014; Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Medical Research Foundation of Oregon [0634]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results program [RD-83184801-0]; National Center for Computational Toxicology of the EPA Office of Research and Development FX Medical Research Foundation of Oregon (Grant no. 0634) to K. W.; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results program (Cooperative Agreement no. RD-83184801-0) to N. D., K. W., M. S., and E. O.; and National Center for Computational Toxicology of the EPA Office of Research and Development, awarded to the Ecological Exposure Research and Ecosystem Research Divisions (National Exposure Research Laboratory) in Cincinnati, OH and Athens, GA, respectively, and the Mid-Continent Ecology Division (National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory) in Duluth, MN. NR 82 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 180 EP 192 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp069 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 449VH UT WOS:000266357900003 PM 19357070 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Boyes, WK Eklund, C Kenyon, EM AF Benignus, Vernon A. Bushnell, Philip J. Boyes, William K. Eklund, Chris Kenyon, Elaina M. TI Neurobehavioral Effects of Acute Exposure to Four Solvents: Meta-analyses SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicity; acute nervous system; volatile organic compounds ID TOLUENE EXPOSURE; DOSIMETRIC ANALYSIS; INHALED TOLUENE; RATS; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PERFORMANCE; INHALATION; HUMANS; BLOOD AB Meta- and reanalyses of the available data for the neurobehavioral effects of acute inhalation exposure to toluene were reported by Benignus et al. The present study was designed to test the generality of the toluene results in as many other solvents as possible by further meta- and reanalyses. Sufficient data for meta-analyses were found for only four solvents; toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The results for these solvents showed that rats were less affected by each of the solvents when they were tested in highly motivating situations, for example, rewarded for rapid or correct responding or escape from electrical shock, compared with less motivating circumstances. The four solvents did not differ significantly in potency on any outcome measure when dose was expressed as molar brain concentration. When tested in tasks with low-motivational contingencies, the dose-effect curves of humans (reaction times) and rats (electrophysiological responses to visual stimuli) were not significantly different. However, on an exploratory follow-up analysis, humans were less sensitive than rats. No human data were found to test whether species differed under strong motivation. Dose-equivalence curves were derived for extrapolating to human effects from rat data. C1 [Benignus, Vernon A.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benignus, Vernon A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bushnell, Philip J.; Boyes, William K.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eklund, Chris; Kenyon, Elaina M.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp063 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 449VH UT WOS:000266357900014 PM 19339666 ER PT J AU Williams-Devane, CR Wolf, MA Richard, AM AF Williams-Devane, ClarLynda R. Wolf, Maritja A. Richard, Ann M. TI Toward a Public Toxicogenomics Capability for Supporting Predictive Toxicology: Survey of Current Resources and Chemical Indexing of Experiments in GEO and ArrayExpress SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microarray; chemical; toxicogenomics; toxicity; prediction ID GENE-EXPRESSION OMNIBUS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MICROARRAY DATA; TOXICITY DATA; DATA-STORAGE; DATABASE; STANDARDS; INTEGRATION; CEBS; TOOL AB A publicly available toxicogenomics capability for supporting predictive toxicology and meta-analysis depends on availability of gene expression data for chemical treatment scenarios, the ability to locate and aggregate such information by chemical, and broad data coverage within chemical, genomics, and toxicological information domains. This capability also depends on common genomics standards, protocol description, and functional linkages of diverse public Internet data resources. We present a survey of public genomics resources from these vantage points and conclude that, despite progress in many areas, the current state of the majority of public microarray databases is inadequate for supporting these objectives, particularly with regard to chemical indexing. To begin to address these inadequacies, we focus chemical annotation efforts on experimental content contained in the two primary public genomic resources: ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus. Automated scripts and extensive manual review were employed to transform free-text experiment descriptions into a standardized, chemically indexed inventory of experiments in both resources. These files, which include top-level summary annotations, allow for identification of current chemical-associated experimental content, as well as chemical-exposure-related (or "Treatment") content of greatest potential value to toxicogenomics investigation. With these chemical-index files, it is possible for the first time to assess the breadth and overlap of chemical study space represented in these databases, and to begin to assess the sufficiency of data with shared protocols for chemical similarity inferences. Chemical indexing of public genomics databases is a first important step toward integrating chemical, toxicological and genomics data into predictive toxicology. C1 [Williams-Devane, ClarLynda R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27519 USA. [Wolf, Maritja A.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27519 USA. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27519 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop D343-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov FU NCSU/EPA [CT833235-01-0]; North Carolina State University FX NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement (CT833235-01-0) with North Carolina State University supported C. R. W. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 358 EP 371 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp061 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 449VH UT WOS:000266357900020 PM 19332651 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Martin, GB AF Wood, Joseph P. Martin, G. Blair TI Development and field testing of a mobile chlorine dioxide generation system for the decontamination of buildings contaminated with Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Chlorine dioxide; Decontamination; Bacillus anthracis; Biological agent AB The numerous buildings that became contaminated with Bacillus anthracis (the bacterium causing the disease anthrax) in 2001, and more recent B. anthracis - related events, point to the need to have effective decontamination technologies for buildings contaminated with biological threat agents. The U.S. Government developed a portable chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) generation system to decontaminate buildings contaminated with B. anthracis spores, and this so-called mobile decontamination trailer (MDT) prototype was tested through a series of three field trials. The first test of the MDT was conducted at Fort McClellan in lAnniston, AL. during October 2004. Four test attempts occurred over two weekends; however, a number of system problems resulted in termination of the activity prior to any ClO(2) introduction into the test building. After making several design enhancements and equipment changes. the MDT was subjected to a second test. During this test, extensive leak checks were made using argon and nitrogen in lieu of chlorine gas; each subsystem was checked for functionality, and the MDT was operated for 24 h. This second test demonstrated the MDT flow and control systems functioned satisfactorily, and thus it was decided to proceed to a third, more challenging field trial. In the last field test, ClO(2) was generated and routed directly to the scrubber in a 12-h continuous run. Measurement Of ClO(2) levels at the generator outlet showed that the desired production rate was not achieved. Additionally, only one of the two scrubbers performed adequately with regard to maintaining ClO(2) emissions below the limit. Numerous lessons were learned in the field trials of this ClO(2) decontamination technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, G. Blair] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, MC-E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov; martin.blair@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU Murtech; Naval Surface Warfare Center; HSARPA; JPEO; DARPA; Science Applications International Corporation; Battelle; EPA FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support and efforts of the following people and their organizations: Bob Murtha (Murtech), John Thompson (Naval Surface Warfare Center), Michael Mcloughlin (HSARPA), Michael Walter (JPEO), Wayne Bryden (DARPA), Sabine Kunig (Science Applications International Corporation), Richard Rossman (Battelle), and Dave Mickunas (EPA). NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 30 PY 2009 VL 164 IS 2-3 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.062 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435QM UT WOS:000265358400149 PM 18990488 ER PT J AU Vonderheide, AP Boyd, B Ryberg, A Yilmaz, E Hieber, TE Kauffman, PE Garris, ST Morgan, JN AF Vonderheide, Anne P. Boyd, Brian Ryberg, Anna Yilmaz, Ecevit Hieber, Thomas E. Kauffman, Peter E. Garris, Sherry T. Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI Analysis of permethrin isomers in composite diet samples by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Pyrethroid pesticides; Composite diet; Isotope dilution; Solid-phase extraction; Molecularly imprinted polymer ID PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; BASIC DRUG; POLYMERS; CLEANUP; RESIDUES; WATER; VEGETABLES AB Determination of an individual's aggregate dietary ingestion of pesticides entails analysis of a difficult sample matrix. Permethrin-specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) solid-phase extraction cartridges were developed for use as a sample preparation technique for a composite food matrix, Vortexing with acetonitrile and centrifugation were found to provide optimal extraction of the permethrin isomers from the composite foods. The acetonitrile (with 1% acetic acid) was mostly evaporated and the analytes reconstituted in 90:10 water/acetonitrile in preparation for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. Permethrin elution was accomplished with acetonitrile and sample extracts were analyzed by isotope dilution gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Quantitation of product ions provided definitive identification of the pesticide isomers. The final method parameters were tested with fortified composite food samples of varying fat content (1%, 5%, and 10%) and recoveries ranged from 99.3% to 126%. Vegetable samples with incurred pesticide levels were also analyzed with the given method and recoveries were acceptable (81.0-95.7%). Method detection limits were demonstrated in the low ppb range. Finally, the applicability of the MIP stationary phase to extract other pyrethroids, specifically cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, was also investigated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vonderheide, Anne P.; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boyd, Brian; Ryberg, Anna; Yilmaz, Ecevit] MIP Technol AB, S-22007 Lund, Sweden. [Hieber, Thomas E.; Kauffman, Peter E.] US EPA, Natl Council Aging, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Chem Exposure Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garris, Sherry T.] S Carolina Dept Agr, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Morgan, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM morgan.jeffrey@epa.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 29 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 22 BP 4633 EP 4640 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.077 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 449CH UT WOS:000266307900001 PM 19393156 ER PT J AU Hines, EP White, SS Stanko, JP Gibbs-Flournoy, EA Lau, C Fenton, SE AF Hines, Erin P. White, Sally S. Stanko, Jason P. Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A. Lau, Christopher Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Phenotypic dichotomy following developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in female CD-1 mice: Low doses induce elevated serum leptin and insulin, and overweight in mid-life SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Congress on Obesity CY 2008 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND DE PFOA; Overweight; Leptin; Developmental exposure; Obesity; Ovariectomy ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SULFONATE PFOS; RATS; MOUSE; EXPRESSION; OBESITY; FAT AB The synthetic surfactant, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a proven developmental toxicant in mice, causing pregnancy loss, increased neonatal mortality, delayed eye opening, and abnormal mammary gland growth in animals exposed during fetal life. PFOA is found in the sera and tissues of wildlife and humans throughout the world, but is especially high in the sera of children compared to adults. These studies in CD-1 mice aim to determine the latent health effects of PFOA following: (1) an in utero exposure, (2) an in utero, exposure followed by ovariectomy (ovx), or (3) exposure as an adult. Mice were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3,71, 3, or 5 mg PFOA/kg BW for 17 days of pregnancy or as young adults. Body weight was reduced in the highest doses on postnatal day (PND) 1 and at weaning. However, the lowest exposures (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) significantly increased body weight, and serum insulin and leptin (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) in mid-life after developmental exposure. PFOA exposure combined with ovx caused no additional increase in mid-life body weight. At 18 months of age, the effects of in utero PFOA exposure on body weight were no longer detected. White adipose tissue and spleen weights were decreased at high doses of PFOA in intact developmentally exposed mice, and spleen weight was reduced in PFOA-exposed ovx mice. Brown adipose tissue weight was significantly increased in both ovx and intact mice at high PFOA doses. Liver weight was unaffected in late life by these exposure paradigms. Finally, there was no effect of adult exposure to PFOA on body weight. These studies demonstrate an important window of exposure for low-dose effects of PFOA on body weight gain. as well as leptin and insulin concentrations in mid-life, at a lowest observed effect level of 0.01 mg PFOA/kg BW. The mode of action of these effects and its relevance to human health remain to be explored. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Hines, Erin P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Exposure Anal, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Envi, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [White, Sally S.] UNC Chapel Hill, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A.] UNC Chapel Hill, Biol & Biomed Sci Program, Initiat Maximizing Student Divers, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hines, EP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Exposure Anal, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Envi, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hines.erin@epa.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD MAY 25 PY 2009 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.021 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 455HR UT WOS:000266749800014 PM 19433254 ER PT J AU Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, J Kittaka, C Schaack, T Lenzen, A Bowman, K Szykman, J Soja, A Ryerson, T Thompson, AM Bhartia, P Morris, GA AF Pierce, R. Bradley Al-Saadi, Jassim Kittaka, Chieko Schaack, Todd Lenzen, Allen Bowman, Kevin Szykman, Jim Soja, Amber Ryerson, Tom Thompson, Anne M. Bhartia, Pawan Morris, Gary A. TI Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; AURA MISSION; OBJECTIVES; RETRIEVAL; MECHANISM; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; ASIA; TES AB A major objective of the 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) focused on understanding the effects of regional processes on Houston and Dallas ozone nonattainment areas. Here we quantify the contributions of background (continental scale) ozone production on Houston and Dallas air quality during TexAQS II using ensemble Lagrangian trajectories to identify remote source regions that impact Houston and Dallas background ozone distributions. Global-scale chemical analyses, constrained with composition measurements from instruments on the NASA Aura satellite, are used to provide estimates of background composition along ensemble back trajectories. Lagrangian averaged O-3 net photochemical production (production minus loss, P-L) rates along the back trajectories are used as a metric to classify back trajectories. Results show that the majority (6 out of 9 or 66%) of the periods of high ozone in Houston were associated with periods of enhanced background ozone production. Slightly less than 50% (7 out of 15) of the days with high ozone in the Dallas Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) show enhanced background ozone production. Source apportionment studies show that 5-day Lagrangian averaged O-3 P-L in excess of 15 ppbv/d can occur during continental-scale transport to Houston owing to NOy enhancements from emissions within the Southern Great Lakes as well as recirculation of the Houston emissions. Dallas background O-3 P-L is associated with NOy enhancements from emissions within Chicago and Houston. C1 [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Cooperat Res Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Al-Saadi, Jassim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bhartia, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Schaack, Todd; Lenzen, Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ryerson, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Soja, Amber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Szykman, Jim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,US EPA, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Pierce, RB (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Cooperat Res Program, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM brad.pierce@noaa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Thanks go to Bruce Doddridge of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tropospheric Chemistry Program, and Fred Fehsenfeld of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth Systems Research Laboratory for coordinating the NASA involvement in the TexAQS II field mission. Thanks go to an anonymous reviewer for suggesting the sensitivity studies used to examine the role of intraregional transport during the Houston and Dallas high-ozone days. Support for IONS-06 and RAQMS came from the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F09 DI 10.1029/2008JD011337 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 449XL UT WOS:000266364000004 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Yang, Qiujing Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Iron-cobalt mixed oxide nanocatalysts: Heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate activation, cobalt leaching, and ferromagnetic properties for environmental applications SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE 2,4-Dichlorophenol; Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs); Cobalt; Fe-Co; Ferromagnetic properties; Heterogeneous reaction; Iron; Iron-cobalt; Leaching; Mixed oxide; Nanoparticles; Oxone; Peroxymonosulfate; Support materials; Sulfate radicals; Titanium dioxide; Titania; TiO(2); Water treatment; Water purification ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; CATALYSTS; PHOTOCATALYSIS; NANOPARTICLES; DEGRADATION; WATER; GENERATION; RADICALS; HYDROGEN; SUPPORT AB Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies (SR-AOTs) are attracting considerable attention due to the high oxidizing ability of SRs to degrade organic pollutants in aqueous environments. This study was carried out to respond to current concerns and challenges in SR-AOTs, including (i) need of heterogeneous activation of sulfate salts using transition metal oxides, (ii) nanoscaling of the metal oxide catalysts for high catalytic activity and promising properties with respect to leaching, and (iii) easy removal and recovery of the catalytic materials after their applications for water and wastewater treatments. In this study, we report a novel approach of using Fe-Co mixed oxide nanocatalysts for the heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate SRs targeting the decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenol, and especially focus on some synthesis parameters such as calcination temperature, Fe/Co contents, and TiO(2) support. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated using porosimetry, XRD, HR-TEM, H(2)-TPR, and XPS. Ferromagnetic CoFe(2)O(4) composites formed by thermal oxidation of a mixed phase of Fe and Co exhibited significant implications for the efficient and environmentally friendly activation of PMS, including(i) the cobalt species in CoFe(2)O(4) are of Co(II), unlike Co(3)O(4) showing some detrimental effects of Co(III) on the PMS activation, (ii) CoFe(2)O(4) possesses suppressed Co leaching properties due to strong Fe-Co interactions (i.e. Fe-Co linkages), and (iii) Fe-Co catalysts in form of CoFe(2)O(4) are easier to recover due to the unique ferromagnetic nature of CoFe(2)O(4). In addition, the presence of Fe was found to be beneficial for enriching hydroxyl group content on the Fe-Co catalyst surface, which is believed to facilitate the formation of Co(II)-OH complexes that are vital for heterogeneous PMS activation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yang, Qiujing; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI Yang, Qiujing/G-1954-2011 FU National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award [BES-0448117]; National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio [EP-C-05-056] FX The authors are grateful to the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award (BES-0448117), to DuPont through a Young Professor Award to D.D. Dionysiou, and the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio for financial support for this study (EP-C-05-056). This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 33 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 18 U2 154 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.10.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 452BA UT WOS:000266513400026 ER PT J AU Johansen, AMW Wilcox, AJ Lie, RT Andersen, LF Drevon, CA AF Johansen, Anne Marte W. Wilcox, Allen J. Lie, Rolv T. Andersen, Lene F. Drevon, Christian A. TI Maternal Consumption of Coffee and Caffeine-containing Beverages and Oral Clefts: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Norway SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; cleft lip; cleft palate; coffee; pregnancy ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; RISK; ALCOHOL; SMOKING; COHORT; TRIAL; GENES AB A large, population-based case-control study of facial clefts was carried out in Norway between 1996 and 2001. The study included 573 cases-025EF377 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 196 with cleft palate only-025EFand 763 randomly selected controls. Maternal consumption of coffee and other caffeine-containing beverages in early pregnancy was recorded shortly after birth. Compared with that for no coffee consumption, the adjusted odds ratios for cleft lip with or without cleft palate were 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.92) for less than 3 cups a day and 1.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 2.39) for 3 cups or more. Coffee consumption was not associated with risk of cleft palate only (for >= 3 cups vs. none, adjusted odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 1.67). Tea consumption was associated with a reduced odds ratio of both cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate only. There was little evidence of an association between caffeine exposure and clefts when all sources of caffeine were considered. Adjustment for known confounding factors in general had minor effects on risk estimates. Still, the authors could not rule out the possibility of uncontrolled confounding by factors associated with the habit of drinking coffee. C1 [Johansen, Anne Marte W.; Andersen, Lene F.; Drevon, Christian A.] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Durham, NC USA. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway. [Lie, Rolv T.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. RP Johansen, AMW (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, POB 1046, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM a.m.w.johansen@medisin.uio.no RI Drevon, Christian /F-6012-2010; OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Research Council of Norway [166026/V50]; Freia Medical Foundation; Throne-Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Nutrigenomics, Network of Excellence, FP6, Food Quality and Safety [NuGO FP6-506360]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant 166026/V50); the Freia Medical Foundation; the Throne-Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research; the thematic area of perinatal nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Nutrigenomics, Network of Excellence, FP6, Food Quality and Safety (NuGO FP6-506360). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 10 BP 1216 EP 1222 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp040 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 440ZX UT WOS:000265739600007 PM 19342400 ER PT J AU Huang, J Dattilo, LK Rajagopal, R Liu, Y Kaartinen, V Mishina, Y Deng, CX Umans, L Zwijsen, A Roberts, AB Beebe, DC AF Huang, Jie Dattilo, Lisa K. Rajagopal, Ramya Liu, Ying Kaartinen, Vesa Mishina, Yuji Deng, Chu-Xia Umans, Lieve Zwijsen, An Roberts, Anita B. Beebe, David C. TI FGF-regulated BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure and to specify conjunctival epithelial cell fate SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Eyelid closure; Conjunctival cell fate; c-Jun nuclear transport; BMP signaling; FGF signaling; Mouse ID LYMPHEDEMA-DISTICHIASIS SYNDROME; FORKHEAD/WINGED-HELIX GENE; CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT MICE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TGF-BETA; C-JUN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HAIR FOLLICLE; LEADING-EDGE; NEURAL CREST AB There are conflicting reports about whether BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure during fetal development. This question was addressed using mice deficient in BMP or TGF beta signaling in prospective eyelid and conjunctival epithelial cells. Genes encoding two type I BMP receptors, the type II TGF beta receptor, two BMP- or two TGF beta-activated R-Smads or the co-Smad Smad4 were deleted from the ocular surface ectoderm using Cre recombinase. Only mice with deletion of components of the BMP pathway had an 'eyelid open at birth' phenotype. Mice lacking Fgf10 or Fgfr2 also have open eyelids at birth. To better understand the pathways that regulate BMP expression and function during eyelid development, we localized BMPs and BMP signaling intermediates in Fgfr2 and Smad4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. We found that Fgfr2 was required for the expression of Bmp4, the normal distribution of Shh signaling and for preserving the differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium. FGF signaling also promoted the expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1 and suppressed Wnt signaling in the prospective eyelid epithelial cells, independently of BMP function. Transcripts encoding Foxc1 and Foxc2, which were previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure, were not detectable in Smad4(CKO) animals. c-Jun, another key regulator of eyelid closure, was present and phosphorylated in eyelid periderm cells at the time of fusion, but failed to translocate to the nucleus in the absence of BMP function. Smad4(CKO) mice also showed premature differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium, conjunctival hyperplasia and the acquisition of epidermal characteristics, including formation of an ectopic row of hair follicles in place of the Meibomian glands. A second row of eyelashes is a feature of human lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, which is associated with mutations in FOXC2. C1 [Huang, Jie; Dattilo, Lisa K.; Rajagopal, Ramya; Liu, Ying; Beebe, David C.] Washington Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beebe, David C.] Washington Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kaartinen, Vesa] Univ So Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Dev Biol Program,Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Kaartinen, Vesa] Univ So Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Dev Biol Program,Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Deng, Chu-Xia] NIDDK, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Umans, Lieve; Zwijsen, An] Dept Mol & Dev Genet, Lab Mol Biol Celgen, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Umans, Lieve; Zwijsen, An] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Lab Mol Biol Celgen, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Roberts, Anita B.] NCI, Lab Cell Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Beebe, DC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM Beebe@vision.wustl.edu RI Huang, Jie/D-7728-2014; deng, chuxia/N-6713-2016; OI Kaartinen, Vesa/0000-0002-9432-510X FU NIH [EY04853, EY02687]; Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences FX The authors are indebted to Drs Zhen Mahoney and Jeff Miner for generously sharing reagents, for many suggestions on the technical aspects of this work and for assistance in editing. Belinda McMahan and Jean Jones prepared the histological sections and Dr Claudia Garcia provided guidance with the Fgfr2 conditional knockouts, which were generously provided by Dr David Ornitz, Washington University, St Louis. The Psen1 and Psen2 floxed and mutant mice were generously provided by Dr J. Shen, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA and Dr Raphael Kopan, Washington University, St Louis. Drs Peter Gruss and Ruth Ashery-Padan generated and provided the Le-Cre mice. Research was supported by NIH grant EY04853 (D. C. B.) and NIH Core Grant P30 EY02687 and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 14 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1741 EP 1750 DI 10.1242/dev.034082 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 438AV UT WOS:000265529200016 PM 19369394 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Ralston, NVC Peck, DV Van Sickle, J Robertson, JD Spate, VL Morris, JS AF Peterson, Spencer A. Ralston, Nicholas V. C. Peck, David V. Van Sickle, John Robertson, J. David Spate, Vickie L. Morris, J. Steven TI How Might Selenium Moderate the Toxic Effects of Mercury in Stream Fish of the Western US? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CHEMICAL FORM; RIVER-BASIN; IN-VITRO; METHYLMERCURY; TISSUE; LAKES; VARIABILITY; ORGANISMS; NUTRITION AB The ability of selenium (Se) to moderate mercury (Hg) toxicity is well established in the literature. Mercury exposures that might otherwise produce toxic effects are counteracted by Se, particularly when Se:Hg molar ratios approach or exceed 1. We analyzed whole body Se and Hg concentrations in 468 fish representing 40 species from 137 sites across 12 western U.S. states. The fish samples were evaluated relative to a published wildlife protective Hg threshold (0.1 mu g Hg.g(-1) wet wt), the current tissue based methylmercury (MeHg) water quality criterion (WQC) for the protection of humans (0.3 mu g Hg.g(-1) wet wt) and to presumed protections against Hg toxicity when Se:Hg molar ratios are > 1. A large proportion (56%) of our total fish sample exceeded the wildlife Hg threshold, whereas a smaller, but significant proportion (12%), exceeded the MeHg WQC. However, 97.5% of the total fish sample contained more Se than Hg (molar ratio > 1) leaving only 2.5% with Se: Hg ratios <1. All but one of the fish with Se:Hg <1, were of the genus Ptychochelius (pikeminnow). Scientific literature on Se counteracting Hg toxicity and our finding that 97.5% of the freshwater fish in our survey have sufficient Se to potentially protect them and their consumers against Hg toxicity suggests that Se in fish tissue (Se:Hg molar ratio) must be considered when assessing the potential toxic effects of Hg. C1 [Peterson, Spencer A.; Peck, David V.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Ralston, Nicholas V. C.] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Robertson, J. David; Spate, Vickie L.; Morris, J. Steven] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM peterson.spencer@epa.gov OI Ralston, Nicholas/0000-0001-7686-2932 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR830929-01] FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). It has been subjected to technical and policy review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. N.V.C.R. was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through grant CR830929-01 to the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center. We thank the EMAP field crews who collected fish from the 12 western states. GIS support for the sampling design was provided under Contract 68-W01-032 to Computer Sciences Corporation. Support for fish tissue sample preparation at WED-Corvallis was provided through Contracts 68-D06-005 and EP-D-06-013 to Dynamac, Inc. Jason Schacher and Rick King (Dynamac, Inc.) performed the Hg analyses. All Se analyses were performed at the University of Missouri-Columbia Research Reactor Center under Contract EPO7R000069. In addition to the above persons and entities, we thank Dennis Lemly, Dixon Landers, Bob Ozretich, Anne Fairbrother, Jeff Bigler, Rita Schoeny, Kate Mahaffey, Edward Ohanian, Charles Delos, and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 49 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 10 BP 3919 EP 3925 DI 10.1021/es803203g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JI UT WOS:000266046700081 PM 19544908 ER PT J AU Katz, LM Frank, JE Dvorak, A Finch, A Szymanowski, A Gordon, CJ AF Katz, Laurence M. Frank, Jonathan E. Dvorak, Anne Finch, Alex Szymanowski, Adam Gordon, Christopher J. TI Independence of brain and trunk temperature during hypothermic preconditioning in rats SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Hypothermia; Hypothermic preconditioning; Hyperthermia; Telemetry; Temperature ID VITRO SIMULATED ISCHEMIA; FREELY MOVING RODENTS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; CEREBELLAR SLICES; CORE TEMPERATURE; NEURONAL DAMAGE; CARDIAC-ARREST; TOLERANCE; HIPPOCAMPUS; ANESTHESIA AB Hypothermic preconditioning is rapid cooling and warming to induce tolerance to ischemia. The purpose of the study was to examine differences in brain and trunk temperature during hypothermic preconditioning. Methods: Rats (n = 18) were implanted with telemetric probes for simultaneous measure of brain and trunk temperature. Hypothermic preconditioning was produced by exposing rats to cool and warm environments that produced rapid cooling to 30 degrees C and warming to 35 degrees C. Results: Brain temperature was warmer (37.56 +/- 0.45 degrees C) than trunk (37.17 +/- 0.29 degrees C) temperature in unanesthetized, free roaming rats at room temperature (t-test p = 0.04). The brain cooled (0.59 +/- 0.1 degrees C/min) quicker than the trunk (0.44 +/- 0.19 degrees C/min) during cooling cycles of hypothermic preconditioning and the brain (0.28 +/- 0.04 degrees C/min) warmed quicker than the trunk (0.18 +/- 0.07 degrees C/min) during the warming cycle of hypothermic preconditioning (t-test p < 0.0001). When the trunk temperature probe was designated to reach the target temperature of 35 degrees C during warming, the brain temperature (38.1 +/- 0.44 degrees C) was warmer than trunk temperature (34.95 +/- 0.16 degrees C) during the peak of warming (t-test p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The brain cools and warms quicker than the trunk during hypothermic preconditioning. Failure to anticipate these differences could lead to unrecognized brain hyperthermia during warming. Appreciation of differences in rates of change between brain and trunk temperature may be important when designing hypothermic preconditioning experiments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Katz, Laurence M.; Frank, Jonathan E.; Dvorak, Anne; Finch, Alex; Szymanowski, Adam] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Expt Biol & Toxicol, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Katz, LM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, CB 7594,Neurosci Hosp Ground Floor,101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Lkatz@med.unc.edu; jfrank@med.unc.edu; dvorak@email.unc.edu; asfinch@email.unc.edu; szymanow@email.unc.edu; Gordon.Christopher@epamail.epa.gov FU University of North Carolina Alumni Endowment Fund; University Research Council Award FX The study was funded in part by the University of North Carolina Alumni Endowment Fund (PI Katz) and University Research Council Award (PI Katz). A special thanks to Dr. Eric Lock and Dr. Steven Marron for statistical analysis. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 179 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.01.025 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438VZ UT WOS:000265585400004 PM 19428525 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Reddy, VB Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Reddy, V. Buchi Varma, Rajender S. TI A facile and regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using click chemistry SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alpha-Tosyloxy ketones; 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles; Click chemistry; Nitrogen heterocycles; Copper iodide ID DRUG DISCOVERY; AZIDES; ALKYNES AB The reaction of alpha-tosyloxy ketones, sodium azide, and terminal alkynes in presence of copper(1) in aqueous polyethylene glycol afforded regioselectively 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in good yield at ambient temperature. The one-pot exclusive formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles involves in situ formation of alpha-azido ketones, followed by cycloaddition reaction with terminal alkyne. The generality of this one-pot method was demonstrated by synthesizing an array of diverse 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Dalip; Reddy, V. Buchi] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov FU DRDO, New Delhi [ERIP/ER/0505034/M/01/902]; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani FX Authors are grateful for the financial support received from DRDO, New Delhi (Project No. ERIP/ER/0505034/M/01/902) and Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 18 BP 2065 EP 2068 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.107 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 431HS UT WOS:000265052800009 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Bencic, DC Breen, MS Collette, TW Conolly, RB Denslow, ND Edwards, SW Ekman, DR Garcia-Reyero, N Jensen, KM Lazorchak, JM Martinovic, D Miller, DH Perkins, EJ Orlando, EF Villeneuve, DL Wang, RL Watanabe, KH AF Ankley, Gerald T. Bencic, David C. Breen, Michael S. Collette, Timothy W. Conolly, Rory B. Denslow, Nancy D. Edwards, Stephen W. Ekman, Drew R. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Jensen, Kathleen M. Lazorchak, James M. Martinovic, Dalma Miller, David H. Perkins, Edward J. Orlando, Edward F. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Wang, Rong-Lin Watanabe, Karen H. TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish: Developing exposure indicators and predictive models of effects based on mechanism of action SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; EDC; Toxicity; MOA; Model; Genomics ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; FATHEAD MINNOW; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES; GENE NETWORKS; EXPRESSION; STEROIDOGENESIS; KETOCONAZOLE; POPULATION AB Knowledge of possible toxic mechanisms (or modes) of action (MOA) of chemicals can provide valuable insights as to appropriate methods for assessing exposure and effects, thereby reducing uncertainties related to extrapolation across species, endpoints and chemical structure. However, MOA-based testing seldom has been used for assessing the ecological risk of chemicals. This is in part because past regulatory mandates have focused more on adverse effects of chemicals (reductions in survival, growth or reproduction) than the pathways through which these effects are elicited. A recent departure from this involves endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), where there is a need to understand both MOA and adverse outcomes. To achieve this understanding, advances in predictive approaches are required whereby mechanistic changes caused by chemicals at the molecular level can be translated into apical responses meaningful to ecological risk assessment. In this paper we provide an overview and illustrative results from a large, integrated project that assesses the effects of EDCs on two small fish models, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this work a systems-based approach is being used to delineate toxicity pathways for 12 model EDCs with different known or hypothesized toxic MOA. The studies employ a combination of state-of-the-art genomic (transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic), bioinformatic and modeling approaches, in conjunction with whole animal testing, to develop response linkages across biological levels of organization. This understanding forms the basis for predictive approaches for species, endpoint and chemical extrapolation. Although our project is focused specifically on EDCs in fish, we believe that the basic conceptual approach has utility for systematically assessing exposure and effects of chemicals with other MOA across a variety of biological systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Martinovic, Dalma; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. [Bencic, David C.; Lazorchak, James M.; Wang, Rong-Lin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Breen, Michael S.; Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Collette, Timothy W.; Ekman, Drew R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.; Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Edwards, Stephen W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Miller, David H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Grosse Ile, MI USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU USEPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; USEPA National Center for Environmental Research; US Army Environmental Quality Installations Program FX This work was supported in part by the USEPA National Center for Computational Toxicology, a grant from the USEPA National Center for Environmental Research to the University of Florida, and the US Army Environmental Quality Installations Program. The manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA guidelines; however, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect USEPA policy. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 54 TC 126 Z9 135 U1 7 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.01.013 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 447IG UT WOS:000266184200008 PM 19261338 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Thomas, R Zhang, YQ Rosenstein, MC Davis, AP Murphy, C Becker, KG Mattingly, CJ Portier, CJ AF Gohlke, Julia M. Thomas, Reuben Zhang, Yonqing Rosenstein, Michael C. Davis, Allan P. Murphy, Cynthia Becker, Kevin G. Mattingly, Carolyn J. Portier, Christopher J. TI Genetic and environmental pathways to complex diseases SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES; EXPRESSION PROFILES; SYSTEMATIC METAANALYSES; INTERACTION NETWORKS; RETINOIC ACID; PPAR-GAMMA; GENOME; OBESITY; DATABASE; RISK AB Background: Pathogenesis of complex diseases involves the integration of genetic and environmental factors over time, making it particularly difficult to tease apart relationships between phenotype, genotype, and environmental factors using traditional experimental approaches. Results: Using gene-centered databases, we have developed a network of complex diseases and environmental factors through the identification of key molecular pathways associated with both genetic and environmental contributions. Comparison with known chemical disease relationships and analysis of transcriptional regulation from gene expression datasets for several environmental factors and phenotypes clustered in a metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric subnetwork supports our network hypotheses. This analysis identifies natural and synthetic retinoids, antipsychotic medications, Omega 3 fatty acids, and pyrethroid pesticides as potential environmental modulators of metabolic syndrome phenotypes through PPAR and adipocytokine signaling and organophosphate pesticides as potential environmental modulators of neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Conclusion: Identification of key regulatory pathways that integrate genetic and environmental modulators define disease associated targets that will allow for efficient screening of large numbers of environmental factors, screening that could set priorities for further research and guide public health decisions. C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.; Thomas, Reuben; Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhang, Yonqing; Becker, Kevin G.] NIA, Gene Express & Genom Unit, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Rosenstein, Michael C.; Davis, Allan P.; Murphy, Cynthia; Mattingly, Carolyn J.] Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Dept Bioinformat, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. RP Portier, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gohlkej@niehs.nih.gov; thomasr3@niehs.nih.gov; zhangyon@grc.nia.nih.gov; mcr@mdibl.org; apdavis@mdibl.org; cmurphy@mdibl.org; beckerk@grc.nia.nih.gov; cmattin@mdibl.org; portier@niehs.nih.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893; Becker, Kevin/0000-0002-6794-6656 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Aging; NIEHS [5R01ES014065-02] FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (J.G., R.T., C.P.) and National Institute of Aging (Y.Z., K.B.) as well as NIEHS extramural funding under grant 5R01ES014065-02 ( M. R., A.D., C.M. and C.J.M.). NR 78 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-3-46 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 444TA UT WOS:000266002100001 PM 19416532 ER PT J AU Bloomer, BJ Stehr, JW Piety, CA Salawitch, RJ Dickerson, RR AF Bloomer, Bryan J. Stehr, Jeffrey W. Piety, Charles A. Salawitch, Ross J. Dickerson, Russell R. TI Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; URBAN; ENVIRONMENTS; QUALITY; TRENDS; IMPACT AB Higher temperatures caused by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are predicted to exacerbate photochemical smog if precursor emissions remain constant. We perform a statistical analysis of 21 years of ozone and temperature observations across the rural eastern U. S. The climate penalty factor is defined as the slope of the ozone/temperature relationship. For two precursor emission regimes, before and after 2002, the climate penalty factor was consistent across the distribution of ozone observations. Prior to 2002, ozone increased by an average of similar to 3.2 ppbv/degrees C. After 2002, power plant NOx emissions were reduced by 43%, ozone levels fell similar to 10%, and the climate penalty factor dropped to similar to 2.2 ppbv/degrees C. NOx controls are effective for reducing photochemical smog and might lessen the severity of projected climate change penalties. Air quality models should be evaluated against these observations, and the climate penalty factor metric may be useful for evaluating the response of ozone to climate change. Citation: Bloomer, B. J., J. W. Stehr, C. A. Piety, R. J. Salawitch, and R. R. Dickerson (2009), Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09803, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037308. C1 [Bloomer, Bryan J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bloomer, Bryan J.; Stehr, Jeffrey W.; Piety, Charles A.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bloomer, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM russ@atmos.umd.edu RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Stehr, Jeffrey/F-2638-2010; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Stehr, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4840-6942; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Maryland Department of the Environment; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX BJB was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency. RRD, JWS and CAP were supported by the Maryland Department of the Environment. RJS was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank the US EPA CASTNET. We appreciate helpful discussions with Sherri Hunt, Alan Leinbach, Elizabeth Weatherhead, and Darrell Winner. We thank Loretta Mickley, Daniel Jacob and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Statements in this publication reflect the authors' professional views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the US EPA. NR 21 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L09803 DI 10.1029/2009GL037308 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 443RQ UT WOS:000265928300002 ER PT J AU Klemick, H Leonard, KL Masatu, MC AF Klemick, Heather Leonard, Kenneth L. Masatu, Melkiory C. TI Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE access to care; bypassing; health policy reform; health spending; rural health care; Tanzania; vignettes ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SERVICES; INDIA; POOR; FACILITIES; VIGNETTES; POVERTY; CENTERS; DOCTORS AB We examine the implications of health-seeking behavior on access to quality health care using a unique dataset that combines a household survey from rural Tanzania with the location and quality of all health facilities available to households. Patients do not always visit the nearest facility, but choose from among multiple facilities, improving the quality of care they receive by bypassing low quality facilities. Recognizing this behavior alters the projected benefits to health interventions, reducing the value of focusing on the staff qualifications and increasing the value of focusing on travel time and the motivation of current staff. C1 [Klemick, Heather] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, College Pk, MD USA. [Leonard, Kenneth L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masatu, Melkiory C.] Ctr Educ Dev Hlth, Arusha, Tanzania. RP Klemick, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, College Pk, MD USA. RI Leonard, Kenneth L./F-9241-2011 OI Leonard, Kenneth L./0000-0002-0785-7774 FU NSF [00-95235]; World Bank FX This work was funded by NSF Grant 00-95235 and The World Bank and was completed with the assistance of R. Darabe, M. Kyande, S. Masanja, H. M. Mvungi, and J. Msolla. We extend our appreciation to the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH, Tanzania) for granting permission to perform this research. This paper has benefited from extensive conversations with Jishnu Das, as well as seminar participants at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The views expressed in this article represent those of the authors alone, not the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. No official agency endorsement should be inferred. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01252.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 428BQ UT WOS:000264823400005 ER PT J AU Iliff, JJ Wang, RK Zeldin, DC Alkayed, NJ AF Iliff, Jeffrey J. Wang, Ruikang Zeldin, Darryl C. Alkayed, Nabil J. TI Epoxyeicosanoids as mediators of neurogenic vasodilation in cerebral vessels SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral blood flow regulation; cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase; epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; soluble epoxide hydrolase; perivascular nerves ID SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID EPOXYGENASE; ASTROCYTIC EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACID; CORTICAL FUNCTIONAL HYPEREMIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; BLOOD-FLOW; PERIVASCULAR NERVES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; RAT; STIMULATION AB Iliff JJ, Wang R, Zeldin DC, Alkayed NJ. Epoxyeicosanoids as mediators of neurogenic vasodilation in cerebral vessels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H1352-H1363, 2009. First published March 20, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00950.2008.-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent vasodilators produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) epoxygenases and metabolized to vicinal diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In the brain, EETs are produced by astrocytes and the vascular endothelium and are involved in the control of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Recent evidence, however, suggests that epoxygenases and sEH are present in perivascular vasodilator nerve fibers innervating the cerebral surface vasculature. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that EETs are nerve-derived relaxing factors in the cerebral circulation. We first traced these fibers by retrograde labeling in the rat to trigeminal ganglia (TG) and sphenopalatine ganglia (SPG). We then examined the expression of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in these ganglia. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis identified CYP2J3 and CYP2J4 epoxygenase isoforms and sEH in both TG and SPG, and immunofluorescence double labeling identified CYP2J and sEH immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies of both ganglia. To evaluate the functional role of EETs in neurogenic vasodilation, we elicited cortical hyperemia by electrically stimulating efferent cerebral perivascular nerve fibers and by chemically stimulating oral trigeminal fibers with capsaicin. Cortical blood flow responses were monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Local administration to the cortical surface of the putative EET antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (30 mu mol/l) attenuated CBF responses to electrical and chemical stimulation. These results suggest that EETs are produced by perivascular nerves and play a role in neurogenic vasodilation of the cerebral vasculature. The findings have important implications to such clinical conditions as migraine, vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke. C1 [Iliff, Jeffrey J.; Alkayed, Nabil J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Peri Operat Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Iliff, Jeffrey J.; Alkayed, Nabil J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Wang, Ruikang] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alkayed, NJ (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Peri Operat Med, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,UHS 2, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM alkayedn@ohsu.edu FU Vertex Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [F31-NS-060498, RO1-NS-044313, P01-NS-049210, 1-R01-HL-093140-01, Z01-ES-025034] FX This work was supported by an Oregon Health and Science University Graduate Student Fellowship for the Neurobiology of Disease funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants F31-NS-060498 (to J. J. Iliff), RO1-NS-044313 and P01-NS-049210 (to N. J. Alkayed), 1-R01-HL-093140-01 (to R. Wang), and Z01-ES-025034 (to D. C. Zeldin); and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (to D. C. Zeldin). NR 36 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 296 IS 5 BP H1352 EP H1363 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00950.2008 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 439WU UT WOS:000265659100023 PM 19304946 ER PT J AU Salice, CJ Miller, TJ Roesijadi, G AF Salice, Christopher J. Miller, Thomas J. Roesijadi, G. TI Demographic Responses to Multigeneration Cadmium Exposure in Two Strains of the Freshwater Gastropod, Biomphalaria glabrata SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PARAMETERS; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; METALS; ACCLIMATION; BIOKINETICS; ELASTICITY AB A life table response experiment (LTRE) was used to quantify the population-level effects of continuous, multigeneration cadmium exposure on two strains of the freshwater gastropod, Biomphalaria glabrata: the parasite-resistant BS90 and parasite-susceptible NMRI strains. Snails were exposed to waterborne cadmium for three consecutive generations. Survival, growth, and reproduction were measured empirically and incorporated into a stage-based, deterministic population model. Cadmium significantly affected hatching success, time to maturity, and juvenile and adult survival in both strains. There were significant effects of generation on fecundity, hatching success, time to maturity and juvenile survival in NMRI, and time to maturity and adult survival in BS90. Cadmium significantly affected the population growth rate, lambda, in BS90. Cadmium, generation, and the cadmium x generation interaction had significant effects on lambda in NMRI. At the high cadmium exposure, lambda for NMRI showed a decrease from generation 1 to generation 2, followed by an increase from generation 2 to generation 3. The lambda value in high-cadmium BS90 steadily decreased over the three generations, while NMRI at this same concentration was similar to the controls. The results indicate that strain-specific differences in response to multigeneration cadmium exposure are evident in B. glabrata. Moreover, effects seen in the first generation are not necessarily indicative of effects in subsequent generations. Changes in lambda over the course of the three-generation exposure suggest that acclimation and/or adaptation to cadmium may have occurred, particularly in NMRI at the high cadmium exposure level. C1 [Salice, Christopher J.] US EPA, OPP, EFED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Salice, Christopher J.; Miller, Thomas J.; Roesijadi, G.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Roesijadi, G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Salice, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, OPP, EFED, 1200 Penn Ave NW 7507P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Salice.christopher@epa.gov; Miller@cbl.umces.edu; g.roesijadi@pnl.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU NIH Training Grant [T32 ES-7263]; University of Maryland, Baltimore; Graduate Student Association, University of Maryland, Baltimore FX Support from the following organizations is acknowledged: NIH Training Grant T32 ES-7263 to the Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, and Graduate Student Association, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Fred Lewis of the Biomedical Research Institute kindly provided snails and invaluable advice on the biology and husbandry of Biomphalaria glabrata. This study was conducted at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. Contribution No. 4201 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is current address of designated author and is not affiliated with this research. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9203-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 430MT UT WOS:000264993900018 PM 18712500 ER PT J AU Eder, B Kang, DW Mathur, R Pleim, J Yu, SC Otte, T Pouliot, G AF Eder, Brian Kang, Daiwen Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jon Yu, Shaocai Otte, Tanya Pouliot, George TI A performance evaluation of the National Air Quality Forecast Capability for the summer of 2007 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality forecast model; Ozone; Evaluation ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; ETA-MODEL; OZONE; BASIN AB This paper provides a performance evaluation of the real-time, CONUS-scale National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) that supported, in part, its transition into operational status. This evaluation focuses primarily on discrete forecasts for the maximum 8-h O(3) concentrations covering the 4-month period, June through September, 2007, using measurements obtained from EPA's AIRNow network. Results indicate that the 2007 NAQFC performed as well or better than previous configurations, despite the expansion of the forecast domain into the western half of the nation that is dominated by complex terrain. The mean, domain-wide, season-long correlation was 0.70. When examined over time, the domain-wide correlations exhibit a fairly consistent nature, with values exceeding 0.60 (0.70) over 90% (55%) of the days. The NAQFC systematically over-predicted the 8-h O(3) concentrations, continuing a trend established by earlier NAQFC configurations, though to a lesser degree. The summer-long mean forecast value of 53.2 ppb was 4.2 ppb higher than the observed value, resulting in a domain-wide Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) of 8.7%. Most of the over-prediction is associated with observed concentrations less than 50 ppb. In fact the model tends to under-predict when concentrations exceed 70 ppb. As with the bias, the error associated with the latest configuration was also lower. The summer-long Root Mean Square Error of 13.0 ppb (Normalized Mean Error (NME) = 20.4%) represented marked improvements over earlier forecasts. Examination of the spatial distribution of both the NMB and NME reveals that the NAQFC was generally within 25% for the NME and 25% for the NMB over a majority of the domain. Several areas of poorer performance, where the NMB and NME often exceed 25% and in some cases 50%, were noted. These areas include southern California, where the NAQFC tended to under-predict concentrations (especially on weekends) and the southeast Atlantic and Gulf coasts regions, where the model over-predicted. Subsequent analysis revealed that the incorrect temporal allocation of precursor emissions was likely the source of the under-prediction in southern California, while inaccurate simulation of PBL heights likely contributed to the over-prediction in the coastal regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eder, Brian; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jon; Otte, Tanya; Pouliot, George] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocai] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Eder, B (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM eder.brian@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 43 IS 14 BP 2312 EP 2320 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.033 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441ZN UT WOS:000265809300010 ER PT J AU Chan, SSL Copeland, WC AF Chan, Sherine S. L. Copeland, William C. TI DNA polymerase gamma and mitochondrial disease: Understanding the consequence of POLG mutations SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Mitchondrial Physiology and Pathology CY JUN, 2008 CL Bari, ITALY DE Mitochondria; Mitochondrial disease; DNA polymerase gamma; Mitochondrial DNA replication; Oxidative stress ID PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; ALPERS-SYNDROME; CAG REPEAT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MALE-INFERTILITY; ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; W748S MUTATION; GENE POLG; POLYMORPHISM; DEFECTS AB DNA polymerase gamma is the only known DNA polymerase in human mitochondria and is essential for mitochondrial DNA replication and repair. It is well established that defects in mtDNA replication lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Over 160 coding variations in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) have been identified. Our group and others have characterized a number of the more common and interesting mutations, as well as those disease mutations in the DNA polymerase gamma accessory subunit. We review the results of these studies, which provide clues to the mechanisms leading to the disease state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chan, Sherine S. L.; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chan, SSL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sherine.s.l.chan@gmail.com; copelan1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14, Z01 ES065080-13]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1K99-ES015555-01, K99 ES015555, K99 ES015555-01, R00 ES015555] NR 52 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 1787 IS 5 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.10.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 451MX UT WOS:000266475400005 PM 19010300 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N AF Chernoff, N. TI Relationships of Maternal and Fetal Weight Changes in Developmental Toxicology Bioassays SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chernoff, N.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900028 ER PT J AU Kavlock, RJ AF Kavlock, R. J. TI Applications of Computational Toxicology to the Understanding of Risks of Developmental Toxicity. SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kavlock, R. J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900035 ER PT J AU Dix, DJ AF Dix, D. J. TI Identifying Toxicity Pathways With ToxCast High-Throughput Screening and Applications to Predicting Developmental Toxicity SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dix, D. J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 394 EP 394 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900039 ER PT J AU Barone, S AF Barone, Jr S. TI Overview of Vulnerability to Environmental Chemical Exposures SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barone, Jr S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900050 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB Martin, MT Kavlock, RJ Judson, RS Dix, DJ Singh, AV AF Knudsen, T. B. Martin, M. T. Kavlock, R. J. Judson, R. S. Dix, D. J. Singh, A., V TI Profiling Developmental Toxicity of 387 Environmental Chemicals Using EPA's Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knudsen, T. B.; Martin, M. T.; Kavlock, R. J.; Judson, R. S.; Dix, D. J.] US EPA, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, A., V] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900056 ER PT J AU Barrier, M Jeffay, S Nichols, HP Slentz-Kesler, K Hunter, ES AF Barrier, M. Jeffay, S. Nichols, H. P. Slentz-Kesler, K. Hunter, E. S. TI Development of an In Vitro Technique to Use Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESC) in Evaluating Effects of Xenobiotics SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barrier, M.; Jeffay, S.; Nichols, H. P.; Hunter, E. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Slentz-Kesler, K.] Almac Diagnost, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 414 EP 414 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900072 ER PT J AU Singh, AV Knudsen, TB AF Singh, A., V Knudsen, T. B. TI Implementation of a Flexible Tool for Automated Literature-Mining and Knowledgebase Development (DevToxMine (TM)) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, A., V] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900082 ER PT J AU Hunter, ES Hoopes, MR Narotsky, MG Simmons, JE Nheerl, ORD AF Hunter, E. S. Hoopes, M. R. Narotsky, M. G. Simmons, J. E. Nheerl, O. R. D. TI Effects of Haloacetic Acid Mixtures on Mouse Development in Whole Embryo Culture SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hunter, E. S.; Hoopes, M. R.; Narotsky, M. G.; Simmons, J. E.; Nheerl, O. R. D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900090 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE Reiner, JL Nakayama, SF Delinsky, AD Stanko, JP Hines, EP White, SS Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Petropoulou, SSE AF Fenton, S. E. Reiner, J. L. Nakayama, S. F. Delinsky, A. D. Stanko, J. P. Hines, E. P. White, S. S. Lindstrom, A. B. Strynar, M. J. Petropoulou, S. S. E. TI Disposition of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Pregnant and Lactating CD-1 Mice and Their Pups SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fenton, S. E.; Stanko, J. P.; Hines, E. P.; White, S. S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reiner, J. L.; Nakayama, S. F.; Petropoulou, S. S. E.] US EPA, ORISE, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [White, S. S.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900107 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Best, DS AF Narotsky, M. G. Best, D. S. TI Effects of Mixtures of Atrazine and Metabolites on Pregnancy Maintenance in F344 Rats SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Narotsky, M. G.; Best, D. S.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900106 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Backus, G Euling, SY Foos, B Makris, S Moya, J Olsen, M Raffaele, K Sonawane, B Strong, J AF Brown, R. C. Backus, G. Euling, S. Y. Foos, B. Makris, S. Moya, J. Olsen, M. Raffaele, K. Sonawane, B. Strong, J. TI Consideration of Susceptible Populations in Risk Assessment SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, R. C.; Backus, G.; Euling, S. Y.; Foos, B.; Makris, S.; Moya, J.; Raffaele, K.; Sonawane, B.; Strong, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Olsen, M.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 433 EP 433 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900108 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Das, KP Wood, CR Lau, C AF Abbott, B. D. Das, K. P. Wood, C. R. Lau, C. TI PPAR alpha, PPAR beta, and PPAR gamma Expression in Prenatal and Postnatal Mouse Tissues and an Evaluation of the Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Expression SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abbott, B. D.; Das, K. P.; Wood, C. R.; Lau, C.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 441 EP 441 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900123 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Euling, SY Brown, RC Gray, LE Wilson, V Hotchkiss, A Phang, W Iyer, P AF Makris, S. L. Euling, S. Y. Brown, R. C. Gray, L. E. Wilson, V Hotchkiss, A. Phang, W. Iyer, P. TI Mode of Action Analysis for Linuron - A Case Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makris, S. L.; Euling, S. Y.; Brown, R. C.; Hotchkiss, A.] US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gray, L. E.; Wilson, V] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Phang, W.] US EPA, OPP, HED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Iyer, P.] Calif EPA, OEHHA, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900149 ER PT J AU Cekanova, M Lee, SH Donnell, RL Sukhthankar, M Eling, TE Fischer, SM Baek, SJ AF Cekanova, Maria Lee, Seong-Ho Donnell, Robert L. Sukhthankar, Mugdha Eling, Thomas E. Fischer, Susan M. Baek, Seung Joon TI Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-Activated Gene-1 Expression Inhibits Urethane-Induced Pulmonary Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER CELLS; BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; LUNG CARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOMA-CELLS; GAMMA LIGAND; NAG-1; PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; MOUSE AB The expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) inhibits gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in NAG-1 transgenic mice (C57/BL6 background). In the present study, we investigated whether the NAG-1 protein would alter urethane-induced pulmonary lesions in NAG-1 transgenic mice on an FVB background (NAG-1(Tg+/FVB)). NAG-1Tg+/FVB mice had both decreased number and size of urethane-induced tumors, compared with control littermates (NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) = 16 +/- 4 per mouse versus control = 20 +/- 7 per mouse, P < 0.05). Urethane-induced pulmonary adenomas and adenocarcinomas were observed in control mice; however, only pulmonary adenomas were observed in NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) mice. Urethane-induced tumors from control littermates and NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) mice highly expressed proteins in the arachidonic acid pathway (cyclooxygenases 1/2, prostaglandin E synthase, and prostaglandin E(2) receptor) and highly activated several kinases (phospho-Raf-1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2). However, only urethane-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was decreased in NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) mice. Furthermore, significantly increased apoptosis in tumors of NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) mice compared with control mice was observed as assessed by caspase-3/7 activity. In addition, fewer inflammatory cells were observed in the lung tissue isolated from urethane-treated NAG-1(Tg+/FVB) mice compared with control mice. These results paralleled in vitro assays using human A549 pulmonary carcinoma cells. Less phosphorylated p38 MAPK was observed in cells overexpressing NAG-1 compared with control cells. Overall, our study revealed for the first time that the NAG-1 protein inhibits urethane-induced tumor formation, probably mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway, and is a possible new target for lung cancer chemoprevention. C1 [Cekanova, Maria; Lee, Seong-Ho; Donnell, Robert L.; Sukhthankar, Mugdha; Baek, Seung Joon] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eling, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Fischer, Susan M.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Sci Pk Res, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX USA. RP Baek, SJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sbaek2@utk.edu OI Cekanova, Maria/0000-0002-9651-1619; Donnell, Robert L./0000-0002-6778-954X FU American Cancer Society [CNE-111611]; NIH [RO1CA108975]; The University of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH FX American Cancer Society grant CNE-111611, NIH grant RO1CA108975, The University of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health (S.J. Baek), and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH intramural research program (T. E. Eling). NR 35 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 5 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0057 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 441IU UT WOS:000265763300008 PM 19401523 ER PT J AU Ross, J Leavitt, S AF Ross, Jeffrey Leavitt, Sharon TI Mutation spectra induced by conazole fungicides in lacl transgenic C57BL/6 mouse liver SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ross, Jeffrey; Leavitt, Sharon] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 4116 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43ST UT WOS:000209701800207 ER PT J AU Stanko, J Davis, C Fenton, S AF Stanko, Jason Davis, Christine Fenton, Suzanne TI Strain differences in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor incidence in Long-Evans and Sprague Dawley rat offspring following prenatal atrazine exposure SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanko, Jason; Davis, Christine; Fenton, Suzanne] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 1220 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43ST UT WOS:000209701800082 ER PT J AU Lye, DJ AF Lye, Dennis J. TI A Mouse Model for Characterization of Gastrointestinal Colonization Rates Among Environmental Aeromonas Isolates SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM COLITIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MURINE MODEL; MICE; STREPTOMYCIN; VIRULENCE; ANTIBIOTICS; FLAGELLA; DISEASE AB The colonization rates of 10 different environmental Aeromonas isolates were determined using a novel mouse-streptomycin pretreatment method. As demonstrated, alterations to the colon flora of mice pretreated with streptomycin allowed transient colonization by bacterial species normally excluded by host competition. A novel procedure is described for determining the colonization abilities of Aeromonas isolates under these conditions. The colonization rates of A. salmonicida, A. encheleia, and A. allosaccharophila were either negative or occurred randomly at low levels with respect to concentrations of the dosage consumed by the animals. In contrast, A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria, and A. caviae exhibited relatively high rates of mouse colon tissue colonization. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lye, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, MS 314,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lye.dennis@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this research. This study was subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9342-2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430HJ UT WOS:000264979900009 PM 19130126 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Sack, TJ AF Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. Sack, Thomas J. TI Mechanistic Investigation of the Stereoselective Carbonyl Reduction of Triadimefon in Hepatic Microsomes from Human and Seven other Vertebrate Species SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th European Regional ISSX Meeting CY MAY 17-20, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL C1 [Kenneke, John F.; Mazur, Christopher S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Sack, Thomas J.] Senior Serv Amer, US EPA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 41 SU 1 MA 160 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 628ZW UT WOS:000280164800147 ER PT J AU Ringold, PL Van Sickle, J Bollman, M Welty, J Barker, J AF Ringold, Paul L. Van Sickle, John Bollman, Mike Welty, Jeff Barker, Jerry TI Riparian forest indicators of potential future stream condition SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Riparian forest indicator; Stream wood; Stream assessment; Coarse woody debris; Anticipatory indicator ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; OREGON COAST RANGE; WESTERN OREGON; QUEETS RIVER; OLD-GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; USA; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Large wood in streams can play an extraordinarily important role in influencing the physical structure of streams and in providing habitat for aquatic organisms. Since wood is continually lost from streams, predicting the future input of wood to streams from riparian forests is crucial to assessing or managing stream ecosystems. Unfortunately, regional monitoring protocols have no established capacity to provide this information. The goal of this research is to propose one or more methods that could meet this need. This goal is pursued by using stream wood delivery models to aid in the design of a monitoring method. Two questions are asked. First, does simpler data change model predictions of future contributions of wood from riparian ecosystems to the stream? The answers to this first question enable monitoring design to be tailored to details affecting estimates of future stream condition. These answers are important, because more detailed data is typically more costly. Second, which metrics, if any, correlate well with model predictions? If such metrics can be identified, then these measures can serve as effective indicators of ecosystem function directly, without using ecosystem models. These questions were addressed by collecting highly detailed field observations of riparian forests from 109 forested riparian sites in the Coast Range, Willamette Valley, and western Cascades of northwestern Oregon. Detailed and simplified versions of these data were used in models that forecast the potential of riparian forests to provide wood to the stream. Model predictions with less detailed data typically provided answers different than did predictions made with more detailed data. Thus, ecosystem assessments requiring these types of model predictions would benefit from more detailed data. in contrast, riparian metrics easily observed in the field (e.g. number of basal area of trees) or derived from remotely sensed imagery (e.g. number or height of canopy trees) were well correlated with model predictions of potential stream wood recruitment. When direct model predictions or model scenario analyses are not required, these metrics can serve as effective indicators of the potential of riparian forests to provide wood to the future stream network. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ringold, Paul L.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bollman, Mike; Barker, Jerry] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Welty, Jeff] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. RP Ringold, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM ringold.paul@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov; bollman.mike@epa.gov; weltyj@wdni.com; jbarker@walshenv.com NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 462 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.06.009 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396CD UT WOS:000262568900007 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Beck, L Barfield, P Willis, RD Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Hays, Michael D. Beck, Lee Barfield, Pamela Willis, Robert D. Landis, Matthew S. Stevens, Robert K. TI Physical and Chemical Characterization of Residual Oil-Fired Power Plant Emissions SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; FUEL-OIL; FLY-ASH; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SULFUR SPECIATION; COMBUSTION; NICKEL; BOILER AB Although the toxicity of oil combustion emissions is a significant public health concern, few studies characterize the emissions from plant-scale utility boilers firing residual oil. This study remedies that deficiency by diluting, sampling, and monitoring stack emissions from a 432 gigajoules (GJ) front-fired fossil fuel steam generator burning residual oil. Over a 3-day test period, continuous CO(2), SO(2), and NO(x) emissions monitoring confirms a steady fuel feed rate, high combustion efficiency (3.4 kg of CO(2)/kg of fuel oil burned), and evidence of a nocturnal soot-blowing event. The utility boiler emits fine aerosol (PM(2.5)) at a rate of 53 +/- 2 ug/kJ (2 g/kg of oil burned). Vesicular coarse particles composed of C and S and spherical Al silicates with V and Ni inclusions are identified in a cyclone rinse using scanning electron microscopy and backscatter analysis. Ion chromatography results establish that the fine aerosol is predominantly sulfate (44% +/- 0.2%, w/w) which is likely coordinated to transition metals. From thermal optical transmittance measurements, less than 1% (w/w) of the fine aerosol is surmised to be carbonaceous. Low emissions of particle-phase carbon and contaminants interfered with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of polcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and certain other semivolatile organic compounds. However, trace levels of branched-, cyclic-, and n-alkanes and organic acids are observed in the particle emissions. Sterane and hopane molecules are below the picogram level GC-MS detection limits. Future research determining the individual organic species in the particles emitted from this source will require real-time single particle measurements. Finally, application of EPA methods TO-11 and TO-15 shows that the total volatile nonmethane organic gas emissions from the plant-scale boiler vary between 6 and 28 mg/kg of fuel oil burned; greater than 50% of this mass is ascribed to oxygenated matter. C1 [Hays, Michael D.; Beck, Lee; Barfield, Pamela; Willis, Robert D.; Landis, Matthew S.; Stevens, Robert K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 23 BP 2544 EP 2551 DI 10.1021/ef8011118 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 463FX UT WOS:000267416600028 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Goodrich, JA AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey Goodrich, James A. TI Timing and prediction of climate change and hydrological impacts: periodicity in natural variations SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Hydrologic periodicity; Precipitation variations; Wavelet analysis; Water resource management ID EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; PHANEROZOIC SEAWATER; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLACIAL CYCLES; ANTARCTIC ICE; CARBON-CYCLE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Hydrological impacts from climate change are of principal interest to water resource policy-makers and practicing engineers. Predictive climatic models have been extensively investigated to quantify the impacts. Palaeoclmatic investigations, on the other hand, show unequivocal and strong periodicity of climate variations in proxy evidence. Yet how to use the periodicity in future hydroclimatic timing and forecasting has received less attention. This paper examines the periodicity in Pleistocene-Holocene glacial-interglacial events and in modern precipitation records, and discusses a way in which the periodicity is used for hydroclimatic predictions. The analysis, based on published CO2, Delta T (delta H-2) and delta O-18 proxy data of polar ice cores and deep oceanic benthic fossils, shows a periodicity in a similar to similar to 100, similar to 40 or 25 kyear duration consistent with Milankovitch orbital regulations during the glacial-interglacial periods. On a fine time scale, millennium and multi-decadal periodicity is observed in high-resolution proxy variations of Greenland ice cores and in instrumental precipitation records of the contiguous USA. A basic periodicity of decadal and multi-decadal changes in similar to 20 and similar to 10-15 year duration is apparent in wavelet frequency analysis of both ice core proxy and precipitation data. While the kyear-scale periodicity is found of global prevalence, the millennium and decadal variations vary in space and are region-specific. Based on these findings, a generalized time-downscaling hierarchy of periodicity is proposed as a potential approach for timing and forecasting future hydroclimatic conditions at a resolution relevant to the water resources engineering and management. C1 [Yang, Y. Jeffrey; Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yang.jeff@epa.gov NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1078 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1392-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 436UC UT WOS:000265440600011 ER PT J AU Judson, R Richard, A Dix, DJ Houck, K Martin, M Kavlock, R Dellarco, V Henry, T Holderman, T Sayre, P Tan, S Carpenter, T Smith, E AF Judson, Richard Richard, Ann Dix, David J. Houck, Keith Martin, Matthew Kavlock, Robert Dellarco, Vicki Henry, Tala Holderman, Todd Sayre, Philip Tan, Shirlee Carpenter, Thomas Smith, Edwin TI The Toxicity Data Landscape for Environmental Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE ACToR; carcinogenicity; database; developmental; hazard; HPV; MPV; pesticide; reproductive; toxicity ID IN-SILICO PHARMACOLOGY; WEB RESOURCES; TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; DRUG DISCOVERY; METABOLISM; PROTECTION; INTERNET; HUMANS; WORLD AB OBJECTIVE: Thousands of chemicals are in common use, but only a portion of them have undergone significant toxicologic evaluation, leading to the need to prioritize the remainder for targeted testing. To address this issue, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other organizations are developing chemical screening and prioritization programs. As part of these efforts, it is important to catalog, from widely dispersed sources, the toxicology information that is available. The main objective of this analysis is to define a list of environmental chemicals that are candidates for the U.S. EPA screening and prioritization process, and to catalog the available toxicology information. DATA SOURCES: We are developing ACToR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource), which combines information for hundreds of thousands of chemicals from > 200 public sources, including the U.S. EPA, National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, corresponding agencies in Canada, Europe, and Japan, and academic sources. DATA EXTRACTION: ACToR contains chemical structure information; physical-chemical properties; in vitro assay data; tabular in vivo data; summary toxicology calls (e.g., a statement that a chemical is considered to be a human carcinogen); and links to online toxicology summaries. Here, we use data from ACToR to assess the toxicity data landscape for environmental chemicals. DATA SYNTHESIS: We show results for a set of 9,912 environmental chemicals being considered for analysis as part of the U.S. EPA ToxCast screening and prioritization program. These include high- and medium-production-volume chemicals, pesticide active and inert ingredients, and drinking water contaminants. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of these chemicals have at least limited toxicity summaries available. About one-quarter have been assessed in at least one highly curated toxicology evaluation database such as the U.S. EPA Toxicology Reference Database, U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System, and the National Toxicology Program. C1 [Judson, Richard; Richard, Ann; Dix, David J.; Houck, Keith; Martin, Matthew; Kavlock, Robert] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dellarco, Vicki] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Arlington, VA USA. [Henry, Tala; Holderman, Todd; Sayre, Philip] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tan, Shirlee] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Carpenter, Thomas] US EPA, Off Water, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Smith, Edwin] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL USA. RP Judson, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 86 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 14 U2 76 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800168 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 440SZ UT WOS:000265721300018 PM 19479008 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Makris, SL Nietert, PJ Jinot, J AF Cooper, Glinda S. Makris, Susan L. Nietert, Paul J. Jinot, Jennifer TI Evidence of Autoimmune-Related Effects of Trichloroethylene Exposure from Studies in Mice and Humans SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE autoimmune liver disease; solvents; systemic sclerosis; trichloroethylene ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; ALDEHYDE-PROTEIN ADDUCTS; MEDIATED IMMUNE STATUS; PIG MAXIMIZATION TEST; BROWN-NORWAY RAT; MRL+/+ MICE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine experimental and epidemiologic studies pertaining to immune-related, and specifically autoimmune-related, effects of trichloroethylene (TCE). DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: We performed a literature search of PubMed and reviewed bibliographies in identified articles. We then systematically reviewed immune-related data, focusing on clinical and immunologic features and mechanistic studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies conducted in MRL(+/+) lupus mice report an accelerated autoimmune response in relation to exposure to TCE or some metabolites. Effects have been reported after 4 weeks of exposure to TCE at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day in drinking water and have included increased antinuclear antibodies and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and decreased secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), consistent with an inflammatory response. Autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory skin lesions, and alopecia have been found after exposures of 32-48 weeks. Recent mechanistic experiments in mice examined oxidative stress and, specifically, effects on lipid-peroxidation-derived aldehydes in TCE-induced autoimmune disease. Two studies in humans reported an increase in IL-2 or IFN-gamma and a decrease in IL-4 in relation to occupational or environmental TCE exposure. Occupational exposure to TCE has also been associated with a severe, generalized hypersensitivity skin disorder accompanied by systemic effects, including hepatitis. In three case-control studies of scleroderma with a measure of occupational TCE exposure, the combined odds ratio was 2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-5.4] in men and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.58-2.6) in women. CONCLUSION: The consistency among the studies and the concordance between the studies in mice and humans support an etiologic role of TCE in autoimmune disease. Multisite collaborations and studies of preclinical immune markers are needed to further develop this field of research. C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.; Makris, Susan L.; Jinot, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nietert, Paul J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Nietert, Paul/0000-0002-3933-4986 NR 65 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 696 EP 702 DI 10.1289/ehp.11782 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 440SZ UT WOS:000265721300019 PM 19479009 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Hazari, MS Carli, AA Rowan, WH Ledbetter, AD Cascio, WE Costa, DL AF Farraj, Aimen K. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Winsett, Darrell W. Hazari, Mehdi S. Carli, Alex A. Rowan, William H., III Ledbetter, Allen D. Cascio, Wayne E. Costa, Daniel L. TI Increased Nonconducted P-Wave Arrhythmias after a Single Oil Fly Ash Inhalation Exposure in Hypertensive Rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arrhythmia; electrocardiogram; heart rate variability; hypertension; inhalation; nonconducted P-waves; particulate matter; rats; residual oil fly ash ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FINE PARTICULATE; AMBIENT AIR; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; TRANSITION-METALS AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to combustion-derived fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially in individuals with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. PM inhalation causes several adverse changes in cardiac function that are reflected in the electrocardiogram (ECG), including altered cardiac rhythm, myocardial ischemia, and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). The sensitivity and reliability of ECG-derived parameters as indicators of the cardiovascular toxicity of PM in rats are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats are more susceptible to the development of PM-induced arrhythmia, altered ECG morphology, and reduced HRV than are Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, a related strain with normal blood pressure. METHODS: We exposed rats once by nose-only inhalation for 4 hr to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), an emission source particle rich in transition metals, or to air and then sacrificed them 1 or 48 hr later. RESULTS: ROFA-exposed SH rats developed nonconducted P-wave arrhythmias but no changes in ECG morphology or HRV. We found no ECG effects in ROFA-exposed WKY rats. ROFA-exposed SH rats also had greater pulmonary injury, neutrophil infiltration, and serum C-reactive protein than did ROFA-exposed WKY rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cardiac arrhythmias may be an early sensitive indicator of the propensity for PM inhalation to modify cardiovascular function. C1 [Farraj, Aimen K.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Winsett, Darrell W.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Ledbetter, Allen D.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carli, Alex A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rowan, William H., III] ITT Corp, Adv Engn & Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800129 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 440SZ UT WOS:000265721300021 PM 19479011 ER PT J AU Stout, MD Herbert, RA Kissling, GE Collins, BJ Travlos, GS Witt, KL Melnick, RL Abdo, KM Malarkey, DE Hooth, MJ AF Stout, Matthew D. Herbert, Ronald A. Kissling, Grace E. Collins, Bradley J. Travlos, Gregory S. Witt, Kristine L. Melnick, Ronald L. Abdo, Karnal M. Malarkey, David E. Hooth, Michelle J. TI Hexavalent Chromium Is Carcinogenic to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice after Chronic Oral Exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE anemia; cancer; hexavalent chromium; histiocytic cellular infiltration; National Toxicology Program; oral cavity; small intestine ID DRINKING-WATER; DNA ADDUCTS; DOSE LEVELS; TOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; ABSORPTION; MECHANISMS; INGESTION; MORTALITY; ASCORBATE AB BACKGROUND: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure. Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). OBJECTIVE: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in rodents. METHODS: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year drinking water studies of Cr(VI) (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. RESULTS: Cr(VI) exposure resulted in increased incidences of rare neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that lines the oral cavity (oral mucosa and tongue) in male and female rats, and of the epithelium lining the small intestine in male and female mice. Cr(VI) exposure did not affect survival but resulted in reduced mean body weights and water consumption, due at least in part to poor palatability of the dosed water. Cr(VI) exposure resulted in transient microcytic hypochromic anemia in rats and microcytosis in mice. Nonneoplastic lesions included diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum of mice and histiocytic cell infiltration in the duodenum, liver, and mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of rats and mice. CONCLUSIONS: Cr(VI) was carcinogenic after administration in drinking water to male and female rats and mice. C1 [Stout, Matthew D.; Herbert, Ronald A.; Kissling, Grace E.; Collins, Bradley J.; Travlos, Gregory S.; Witt, Kristine L.; Melnick, Ronald L.; Abdo, Karnal M.; Malarkey, David E.; Hooth, Michelle J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Stout, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. FU FDA HHS [1 Z01 ES045004-11 BB]; Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES045004] NR 51 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 716 EP 722 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800208 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 440SZ UT WOS:000265721300022 PM 19479012 ER PT J AU Thorne, PS Cohn, RD Mav, D Arbes, SJ Zeldin, DC AF Thorne, Peter S. Cohn, Richard D. Mav, Deepak Arbes, Samuel J., Jr. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Predictors of Endotoxin Levels in US Housing SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE allergens; asthma triggers; endotoxin; house dust; housing characteristics; indoor air; lipopolysaccharide; microorganism-associated molecular pattern; predictive model; reservoir dust ID 1ST NATIONAL-SURVEY; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; DUST ENDOTOXIN; EXPOSURE RISK; GERMAN HOMES; BIRTH COHORT; ALLERGENS; ASTHMA; LEAD; PREVALENCE AB The relationship of domestic endotoxin exposure to allergy and asthma has been widely investigated. However, few studies have evaluated predictors of household endotoxin, and none have done so for multiple locations within homes and on a national scale. OBJECTIVES: We assayed 2,552 house dust samples in a nationwide study to understand the predictors of household endotoxin in bedroom floors, family room floors, beds, kitchen floors, and family room sofas. METHODS: Reservoir house dust from five locations within homes was assayed for endotoxin and demographic and housing information was assessed through questionnaire and onsite evaluation of 2,456 residents of 831 homes selected to represent national demographics. We performed repeated-measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) for 37 candidate variables to identify independent predictors of endotoxin. Meteorologic data were obtained for each primary sampling unit and tested as predictors of indoor endotoxin to determine if wetter or warmer microclimates were associated with higher endotoxin levels. RESULTS: Weighted geometric mean endotoxin concentration ranged from 18.7 to 80.5 endotoxin units (EU)/mg for the five sampling locations, and endotoxin load ranged from 4,160 to 19,500 EU/m(2). Bivariate analyses and rANOVA demonstrated that major predictors of endotoxin concentration were sampling location in the home, census division, educational attainment, presence of children, current dog ownership, resident-described problems with cockroaches, food debris, cockroach stains, and evidence of smoking observed by field staff. Low household income entered the model if educational attainment was removed. CONCLUSION: Increased endotoxin in household reservoir dust is principally associated with poverty, people, pets, household cleanliness, and geography. C1 [Thorne, Peter S.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Cohn, Richard D.; Mav, Deepak] Constella Grp LLC, Durham, NC USA. [Arbes, Samuel J., Jr.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Thorne, PS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Res Ctr, 100 Oakdale Campus,176 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM peter-thorne@uiowa.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P30 ES05605]; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control; Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant P30 ES05605, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control, and the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS, National Institutes of Health. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1289/ehp.11759 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 440SZ UT WOS:000265721300029 PM 19479019 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW Jicha, TM Pearson, MS Hill, BH Taylor, DL Schweiger, EW Shepard, L Batterman, AR Moffett, MF Elonen, CM Anderson, LE AF Angradi, T. R. Bolgrien, D. W. Jicha, T. M. Pearson, M. S. Hill, B. H. Taylor, D. L. Schweiger, E. W. Shepard, L. Batterman, A. R. Moffett, M. F. Elonen, C. M. Anderson, L. E. TI A bioassessment approach for mid-continent great rivers: the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio (USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioassessment; EMAP; Great rivers; Indicator; Least disturbed condition; Missouri River; Ohio River; Reference condition; Stressors; Upper Mississippi River ID MULTIMETRIC INDEX; NORTH-DAKOTA; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; INTEGRITY; STREAMS; BENTHOS AB The objectives of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Great River Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) are to (1) develop and demonstrate, in collaboration with states, an assessment program yielding spatially unbiased estimates of the condition of mid-continent great rivers; (2) evaluate environmental indicators for assessing great rivers; and (3) assess the current condition of selected great river resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe EMAP-GRE using examples based on data collected in 2004-2006 with emphasis on an approach to determining reference conditions. EMAP-GRE includes the Upper Mississippi River, the Missouri River, and the Ohio River. Indicators include biotic assemblages (fish, macroinvertebrates, plankton, algae), water chemistry, and aquatic and riparian physical habitat. Reference strata (river reaches for which a single reference expectation is appropriate) were determined by ordination of the fish assemblage and examination of spatial variation in environmental variables. Least disturbed condition of fish assemblages for reference strata was determined by empirical modeling in which we related fish assemblage metrics to a multimetric stressor gradient. We inferred least disturbed condition from the y-intercept, the predicted condition when stress was least. Thresholds for dividing the resource into management-relevant condition classes for biotic indicators were derived using predicted least disturbed condition to set the upper bound on the least disturbed condition class. Also discussed are the outputs of EMAP-GRE, including the assessment document, multimetric indices of condition, and unbiased data supporting state and tribal Clean Water Act reporting, adaptive management, and river restoration. C1 [Angradi, T. R.; Bolgrien, D. W.; Jicha, T. M.; Pearson, M. S.; Hill, B. H.; Taylor, D. L.; Batterman, A. R.; Moffett, M. F.; Elonen, C. M.; Anderson, L. E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Schweiger, E. W.] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Shepard, L.] US EPA, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 55 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0327-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 425EX UT WOS:000264620900037 PM 18483771 ER PT J AU Axelrad, DA Goodman, S Woodruff, TJ AF Axelrad, Daniel A. Goodman, Stephanie Woodruff, Tracey J. TI PCB body burdens in US women of childbearing age 2001-2002: An evaluation of alternate summary metrics of NHANES data SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PCBs; Biomonitoring; Body burdens; NHANES; Neurodevelopment ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; PRESCHOOL INUIT CHILDREN; ASSESSMENT SCALE NBAS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; SCHOOL-AGE; IN-UTERO; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION AB An extensive body of epidemiologic data associates prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with neurodevelopmental deficits and other childhood health effects. Neurological effects and other adverse health effects may also result from exposure during infancy, childhood, and adulthood. Although manufacture and use of PCBs were banned in the US in 1977, exposure to PCBs is a continuing concern due to the widespread distribution of these compounds in the environment and their persistence. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provides PCB body burden measurements representative of the US population for the years 1999-2002. Interpretation of these data is challenging due to the large number of PCB congeners reported. We examined 6 PCB body burden metrics to identify an approach for summarizing the NHANES data and for characterizing changes over time in potential risks to children's health. We focused on women of childbearing age, defined here as 16-39 years, because in utero exposures have been associated with neurodevelopmental effects, and used only the 2001-2002 data because of higher detection rates. The 6 metrics, each consisting of different combinations of the 9 most frequently detected congeners, were as follows: total PCBs (all 9 congeners): highly chlorinated PCBs (2 congeners): dioxin-like PCBs (3 congeners, weighted by toxic equivalency factors); non-dioxin-like PCBs (6 congeners); a 4-congener metric (PCBs 118,138, 153, and 180); and PCB-153 alone. The PCB metrics were generally highly correlated with each other. There was a strong association of PCB body burdens with age for all metrics. Median body burdens of Mexican American women were lower than those of non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women for 5 of the 6 metrics, and there were no significant differences in body burdens between the latter two groups. Body burdens of women with incomes above poverty level were greater than those for lower-income women at the median and 95th percentiles, but the differences were not statistically significant for any metric. We conclude that the 4-congener and total PCBs metrics are the most promising approaches for tracking changes in body burdens over time and for comparing body burdens of different subgroups in NHANES. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Axelrad, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM axelrad.daniel@epa.gov NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 109 IS 4 BP 368 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 443GH UT WOS:000265897700002 PM 19251256 ER PT J AU Gale, RW Cranor, WL Alvarez, DA Huckins, JN Petty, JD Robertson, GL AF Gale, Robert W. Cranor, Walter L. Alvarez, David A. Huckins, James N. Petty, Jimmie D. Robertson, Gary L. TI Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Residential Air along the Arizona-Mexico Border SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; INDOOR-AIR; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; OUTDOOR AIR; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; SPMDS; CONTAMINANTS AB Concerns about indoor air quality and the potential effects on people living in these environments are increasing as more reports about the toxicities and the potential indoor air exposure levels of household-use chemicals and chemicals from housing and furnishing manufacture in air are being assessed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to confirm numerous airborne contaminants obtained from the analysis of semipermeable membrane devices deployed inside of 52 homes situated along the border between Arizona and Mexico. We also describe nontarget analytes in the organochlorine pesticide fractions of 12 of these homes; this fraction is also the most likely to contain the broadest scope of bioconcentratable chemicals accumulated from the indoor air. Approximately 400 individual components were identified, ranging from pesticides to a wide array of hydrocarbons, fragrances such as the musk xylenes, flavors relating to spices, aldehydes, alcohols, esters and phthalate esters, and other miscellaneous types of chemicals. The results presented in this study demonstrate unequivocally that the mixture of airborne chemicals present indoors is far more complex than previously demonstrated. C1 [Gale, Robert W.; Cranor, Walter L.; Alvarez, David A.; Huckins, James N.; Petty, Jimmie D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Robertson, Gary L.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Gale, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rgale@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14937889-01-0] FX We acknowledge support by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement DW14937889-01-0. Ally use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 3054 EP 3060 DI 10.1021/es803482u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441PL UT WOS:000265781100017 PM 19534113 ER PT J AU Lazorchak, JM Smith, ME Haring, HJ AF Lazorchak, James M. Smith, Mark E. Haring, Herman J. TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A DAPHNIA MAGNA FOUR-DAY SURVIVAL AND GROWTH TEST METHOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Daphnia magna; Test method; Short-chronic; Growth; Ceriodaphnia dubia ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TOXICITY TESTS; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; ZINC TOXICITY; HUMIC-ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Zooplankton are an important part of the aquatic ecology of all lakes and streams. As a result, numerous methods have been developed to assess the quality of waterbodies using various zooplankton species. Included in these is the freshwater species Daphnia magna. Current test methods using D. magna involve acute lethality test methods ranging from 24 to 96 h in duration and chronic test methods with durations of 21 to 28 d. Whereas the current acute and chronic test methods are useful, a need exists for a shorter-duration test method that will provide a chronic or subchronic endpoint with this species. In the present study, a 4-d, static-renewal survival and growth test was developed for use with D. magna. The test results were compared to performance criteria and results from 7-d survival and reproduction tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia to determine the level of comparability between the two methods. Results from the 4-d D. magna survival and growth test method indicated that this method will produce consistent results with various reference toxicant materials and provide data that are both reproducible and useful for detecting potential toxicity in aquatic environments. C1 [Lazorchak, James M.; Smith, Mark E.; Haring, Herman J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, McConnell Grp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU U.S. EPA FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical support provided in the development of this method by Lori Herrin, Ann Kneipp, Sandy Brewer, and John Wirts of DynCorp. Review comments provided by G. Allen Burton of Wright State University, Debra Denton of the U. S. EPA, and two anonymous reviewers were most helpful, as was the technical review provided by Justicia Rhodus (Dynamac). The research reported in this document was funded by the U.S. EPA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1034 DI 10.1897/08-296.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 433RN UT WOS:000265223600017 PM 19067494 ER PT J AU Lewis, DR Wade, TJ Lobdell, DT Neas, LM AF Lewis, Denise Riedel Wade, Timothy J. Lobdell, Danelle T. Neas, Lucas M. TI Rebecca Lea Calderon, 1955-2008 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Lewis, Denise Riedel] NCI, Surveillance Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.; Lobdell, Danelle T.; Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Lewis, DR (reprint author), NCI, Surveillance Res Program, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 504, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lewisde@mail.nih.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 461 EP 461 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31819f2de9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 433JJ UT WOS:000265199800025 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, KJ Croize, D Mazzella, AT McKenna, JR AF Ellefsen, Karl J. Croize, Delphine Mazzella, Aldo T. McKenna, Jason R. TI Frequency-domain Green's functions for radar waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; BOREHOLE; INVERSION; FDFD AB Green's functions for radar waves propagating in heterogeneous 2.5D media might be calculated in the frequency domain using a hybrid method. The model is defined in the Cartesian coordinate system, and its electromagnetic properties might vary in the x- and z-directions, but not in the y-direction. Wave propagation in the x- and z-directions is simulated with the finite-difference method, and wave propagation in the y-direction is simulated with an analytic function. The absorbing boundaries on the finite-difference grid are perfectly matched layers that have been modified to make them compatible with the hybrid method. The accuracy of these numerical Green's functions is assessed by comparing them with independently calculated Green's functions. For a homogeneous model, the magnitude errors range from -4.16% through 0.44%, and the phase errors range from -0.06% through 4.86%. For a layered model, the magnitude errors range from -2.60% through 2.06%, and the phase errors range from -0.49% through 2.73%. These numerical Green's functions might be used for forward modeling and full waveform inversion. C1 [Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Croize, Delphine] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Mazzella, Aldo T.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [McKenna, Jason R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ellefsen@usgs.gov; delphine.croize@geo.uio.no; mazzella.aldo@epa.gov; Jason.R.McKenna@usace.army.mil NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 74 IS 3 BP J13 EP J22 DI 10.1190/1.3092776 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 443BI UT WOS:000265884800017 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Ojima, DS Parton, WJ Stehfest, E Heistermann, M DeAngelo, B Rose, S AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Ojima, Dennis S. Parton, William J. Stehfest, Elke Heistermann, Maik DeAngelo, Benjamin Rose, Steven TI Global scale DAYCENT model analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation strategies for cropped soils SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE global change; greenhouse gas mitigation; ecosystem modeling; agriculture ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; N2O; AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN; NO AB Conversion of native vegetation to cropland and intensification of agriculture typically result in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mainly N(2)O and CH(4)) and more NO(3) leached below the root zone and into waterways. Agricultural soils are often a source but can also be a sink of CO(2). Regional and larger scale estimates of GHG emissions are usually obtained using IPCC emission factor methodology, which is associated with high uncertainty. To more realistically represent GHG emissions we used the DAYCENT biogeochemical model for non-rice major crop types (corn, wheat, soybean). IPCC methodology estimates N losses from croplands based solely on N inputs. In contrast, DAYCENT accounts for soil class, daily weather, historical vegetation cover, and land management practices such as crop type, fertilizer additions, and cultivation events. Global datasets of weather, soils, native vegetation, and cropping fractions were mapped to a 1.9 degrees x 1.9 degrees resolution. Non-spatial data (e.g., rates and dates of fertilizer applications) were assumed to be identical within crop types across regions. We compared model generated baseline GHG emissions and N losses for irrigated and rainfed cropping with land management alternatives intended to mitigate GHG emissions. Reduced fertilizer resulted in lower N losses, but crop yields were reduced by a similar proportion. Use of nitrification inhibitors and split fertilizer applications both led to increased (similar to 6%) crop yields but the inhibitor led to a larger reduction in N losses (similar to 10%). No-till cultivation, which led to C storage. combined with nitrification inhibitors, resulted in reduced GHG emissions of similar to 50% and increased crop yields of similar to 7%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Ojima, Dennis S.; Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stehfest, Elke; Heistermann, Maik] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Kassel, Germany. [DeAngelo, Benjamin; Rose, Steven] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.006 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 455JC UT WOS:000266754000006 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, A Araki, S Sakai, R Voorhees, AS AF Yamasaki, Akiko Araki, Shunichi Sakai, Ryoji Voorhees, A. Scott TI Suicide Mortality of Young, Middle-aged and Elderly Males and Females in Japan for the Years 1953-96: Time Series Analysis for the Effects of Unemployment, Female Labour Force, Young and Aged Population, Primary Industry and Population Density (vol 46, pg 541, 2008) SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Correction DE Suicide; Unemployment; Female labour force; Young and aged population; Japan; Time series analysis AB Effects of nine social life indicators on age-adjusted and age-specific annual suicide mortality of male and female Japanese population in the years 1953-96 were investigated by multiple regression analysis on time series data. Unemployment rate was significantly related to the age-adjusted mortality in both males and females. Also, female labour force participation was positively related to the male mortality; persons and 65 and above was inversely related to the male mortality. Results on the age-specific mortality indicated that: during the 44 yr, (1) unemployment significantly related with the mortality of young, middle-aged and elderly males and young females; (2) female labour force participation significantly related with the mortality of young and elderly males and young females; aged population significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged and elderly males; (4) young population significantly related with the mortality of young and middle-aged males and females; (5) divorce significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged and elderly males and young males and females; (6) persons employed in primary industries significantly related with the mortality in middle-aged males and young males and females; and (7) population density significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged males and young females. C1 [Yamasaki, Akiko] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Hlth Promot & Human Behav, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Yamasaki, Akiko] Osaka Univ, Res Inst Sustainabil Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Araki, Shunichi] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Tokyo 2040024, Japan. [Sakai, Ryoji] Union Risk Management Prevent Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Voorhees, A. Scott] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yamasaki, A (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Hlth Promot & Human Behav, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. EM otsu-tky@umin.ac.jp NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 SI SI BP 343 EP 344 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 450TV UT WOS:000266424700017 ER PT J AU Senthilselvan, A Dosman, JA Chenard, L Burch, LH Predicala, BZ Sorowski, R Schneberger, D Hurst, T Kirychuk, S Gerdts, V Cormier, Y Rennie, DC Schwartz, DA AF Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan Dosman, James A. Chenard, Liliane Burch, Lauranell H. Predicala, Bernardo Z. Sorowski, Randine Schneberger, David Hurst, Tom Kirychuk, Shelley Gerdts, Volker Cormier, Yvon Rennie, Donna C. Schwartz, David A. TI Toll-like receptor 4 variants reduce airway response in human subjects at high endotoxin levels in a swine facility SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Airway hyperresponsiveness; blood counts; cytokines; endotoxin; gene-environment interaction; lung function; swine confinement facility; Toll-like receptor 4 variants ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; LUNG-FUNCTION DECLINE; SOLUBLE CD14 LEVELS; SERUM IGE LEVELS; CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; PIG FARMERS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; DUST; POLYMORPHISMS; EXPOSURE AB Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) variants have been shown to reduce the respiratory responses to inhaled LPS in controlled experiments among healthy volunteers. Objective: We sought to investigate whether naive subjects with TLR4 variants showed reduced respiratory response to a complex aerosol including endotoxin as a major constituent. Methods: Twenty-nine nonsmoking, nonatopic healthy subjects with TLR4 299/399 polymorphisms and 29 age- and sex-matched, wild-type TLR4 control subjects were exposed for 5 hours each in a noncontaminated environment (baseline day) and in a swine confinement facility (exposure day). There were 16 men and 13 women in each of the 2 age- and sex-matched groups. Results: TLR4 polymorphic subjects who were exposed to high endotoxin levels (>= 1550 EU/m(3)) had less reduction in the percentage across-shift change in FEV(1) from baseline than did wild-type subjects exposed to similar endotoxin levels. Among subjects exposed to higher endotoxin levels, the mean differences in the percentage across-shift changes between baseline and exposure days were significantly less in TLR4 polymorphic subjects compared with those seen in wild-type subjects in FEV(1) (-8.48% +/- 1.52% [mean +/- SE] vs -11.46% +/- 1.79%, P = .001), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (-18.30% +/- 1.99% vs -24.14% +/- 3.28%, P = .009), and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity ratio (-5.40% +/- 0.56% vs -8.53% +/- 1.51%, P = .04). These patterns were not observed in IL-6 levels from serum and nasal lavage fluid, IL-8 levels from nasal lavage fluid, white blood cell counts, or blood differential counts. Conclusion: The association between TLR4 variants and reduced airway responsiveness to inhaled particulate was observed at high endotoxin concentrations, creating the possibility of certain threshold phenomena for the apparent protective effect of TLR4 variants. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:1034-40.) C1 [Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Dosman, James A.; Chenard, Liliane; Sorowski, Randine; Schneberger, David; Kirychuk, Shelley; Rennie, Donna C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Candian Ctr Hlth & Safety Agr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Gerdts, Volker] Univ Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infect Dis Org, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Burch, Lauranell H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Predicala, Bernardo Z.] Prairie Swine Ctr Inc, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Hurst, Tom] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Cormier, Yvon] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Senthilselvan, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 13-106B Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. EM sentil@ualberta.ca FU Advancing Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food Saskatchewan; National Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund; Alberta Agriculture and Food Council; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Alberta Agriculture Funding Consortium; Canadian Lung Association FX Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: B. Predicala has received research support from Advancing Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food Saskatchewan, the National Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund, and the Alberta Agriculture and Food Council. S. Kirychuk has received research support from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. V Gerdts has received research support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the National Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada), and the Alberta Agriculture Funding Consortium. D. C. Rennie has received research support from the Canadian Lung Association. D. A. Schwartz has patent rights through MedImmune. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.019 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 449CW UT WOS:000266309400008 PM 19368968 ER PT J AU Visness, CM London, SJ Daniels, JL Kaufman, JS Yeatts, KB Siega-Riz, AM Liu, AH Calatroni, A Zeldin, DC AF Visness, Cynthia M. London, Stephanie J. Daniels, Julie L. Kaufman, Jay S. Yeatts, Karin B. Siega-Riz, Anna-Maria Liu, Andrew H. Calatroni, Agustin Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Association of obesity with IgE levels and allergy symptoms in children and adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atopy; allergen-specific IgE; total IgE; body mass index; obesity; overweight; allergic disease; inflammation ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ASTHMA; OVERWEIGHT; ATOPY; CONSUMPTION; PREVALENCE; FATNESS; DRINKS; ADULTS AB Background: The prevalence of both obesity and allergic disease has increased among children over the last several decades. Previous literature on the relationship between obesity and allergic disease has been inconsistent. It is not known whether systemic inflammation could be a factor in this relationship. Objective: We sought to examine the association of obesity with total and allergen-specific IgE levels and allergy symptoms in US children and adolescents and to assess the role of C-reactive protein. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005-2006 included measurement of total and allergen-specific IgE levels and allergy questions. Overweight was defined as the 85th or greater to less than the 95th percentile of body mass index for age, and obesity was defined as the 95th percentile or greater. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of weight categories with total IgE levels, atopy, allergen-specific IgE levels, and allergy symptoms among youth aged 2 to 19 years. Results: Geometric mean total IgE levels were higher among obese (geometric mean ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.57) and overweight (ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54) children than among normal-weight children. The odds ratio (OR) for atopy (any positive specific IgE measurement) was increased in the obese children compared with that seen in those of normal weight; this association was driven largely by allergic sensitization to foods (OR for atopy, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.03-1.55]; OR for food sensitization, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.28-1.98]). C-reactive protein levels were associated with total IgE levels, atopy, and food sensitization. Conclusions: Obesity might be a contributor to the increased prevalence of allergic disease in children, particularly food allergy. Systemic inflammation might play a role in the development of allergic disease. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:1163-9.) C1 [Visness, Cynthia M.; Calatroni, Agustin] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Visness, Cynthia M.; Daniels, Julie L.; Kaufman, Jay S.; Yeatts, Karin B.; Siega-Riz, Anna-Maria] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [London, Stephanie J.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liu, Andrew H.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Liu, Andrew H.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Visness, CM (reprint author), Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, 6330 Quadrangle Dr,Suite 500, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM cindy_visness@rhoworld.com OI Kaufman, Jay/0000-0003-1606-401X; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES025041-10]; National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases; National Institutes of Health [NO1-A1-25482] FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(Z01 ES025041-10), and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NO1-A1-25482). NR 25 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1126 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 449CW UT WOS:000266309400027 PM 19230960 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Krebs, K Guo, ZS Roache, N AF Liu, Xiaoyu Krebs, Kenneth Guo, Zhishi Roache, Nancy TI Method development for liquid chromatographic/triple quadrupole mass spectrometric analysis of trace level perfluorocarboxylic acids in articles of commerce SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Method development; LC/MS/MS analysis; Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs); Articles of commerce (AOCs) ID PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL SURFACTANTS; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; WATER; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; CONTAMINANTS; QUANTITATION; EXTRACTION AB An analytical method to identify and quantify trace levels of C5-C12 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in articles of commerce (AOCs) was developed and rigorously validated. Solid samples were extracted in methanol, and liquid samples were diluted with a solvent consisting of 60:40 (v/v) methanol and 2 mM ammonium acetate (NH(4)Ac) aqueous solution. in both cases, the samples were spiked with an isotopically labeled recovery check standard. The samples were concentrated in a nitrogen atmosphere (solid samples only), filtered, and then analyzed by HPLC coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Method evaluation included selection of the extraction solvent and the sample preparation solvent used to facilitate sample injection into the analytical system, method comparison for extraction and sample concentration, determination of extraction efficiency, instrument and method detection limits, and determination of potential sample loss during filtration and sample storage. Results of consecutive extractions demonstrated that a single extraction step accounts for 70-100% of the "total" PFCAs in the AOCs with the exception of cook-ware. The instrument's detection limit was <= 0.05 ng/mL, and the method detection limit were 1.0-3.9 ng/g for solid AOCs and 1.1-6.8 ng/g for liquid AOCs. The method has been used to determine the PFCA content in a wide range of AOCs containing or treated with fluoropolymers and fluorotelomers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Xiaoyu; Krebs, Kenneth; Guo, Zhishi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roache, Nancy] ARCADIS, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM liu.xiaoyu@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We thank Andrew Lindstrom, Mark Strynar, and Shoji Nakayama of the U.S. EPA, and Timothy Begley of the U.S. FDA for technical consultation and assistance and Robert Wright of the U.S. EPA for QA support. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 18 BP 3910 EP 3918 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.087 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 440KT UT WOS:000265699900031 PM 19303601 ER PT J AU Froede, CR AF Froede, Carl R., Jr. TI The Return of 1717 Isle Dauphine (USA) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Isle Dauphine; Dauphin Island; Pelican-Sand Island; Mobile Bay ebb-tidal delta; northern Gulf of Mexico AB Dauphin Island is a segmented, microtidal barrier island, located in the northern Gulf of Mexico, approximately 8.0 km offshore from southwestern Alabama (United States). It was first mapped by Spanish explorers in 1519 but was not settled until 1699 after being claimed as a French possession. In 1707, the French officially named it Isle Dauphine. Maps of the island from this French colonial period reveal a different morphology than subsequent maps. The first American maps of Dauphin Island and Mobile Bay show two small islands (i.e., Pelican and Sand islands) offshore from the southeastern end of Dauphin Island. Passing storms have moved and reshaped both of these delta margin islands around the south-southwestern periphery of the submerged Mobile Bay ebb-tidal delta. Only in the past 25 years have the two islands combined to slowly move in a northwesterly arc toward Dauphin Island. In early 2008, continued longshore drift and strong tides have combined Pelican-Sand Island and Dauphin Island forming an island similar in morphology to that previously documented by French geographers in 1717. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Froede, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.2112/08-1176.1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 447HN UT WOS:000266182300023 ER PT J AU Kahn, HD Stralka, K AF Kahn, Henry D. Stralka, Kathleen TI Estimated daily average per capita water ingestion by child and adult age categories based on USDA's 1994-1996 and 1998 continuing survey of food intakes by individuals SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water ingestion; risk assessment; infants and children; body weight distributions AB Water ingestion estimates are important for the assessment of risk to human populations of exposure to water-borne pollutants. This paper reports mean and percentile estimates of the distributions of daily average per capita water ingestion for a number of age range groups. The age ranges, based on guidance from the US EPA's Risk Assessment Forum, are narrow for younger ages when development is rapid and wider for older ages when the rate of development decreases. Estimates are based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) 1994-1996 and 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). Water ingestion estimates include water ingested directly as a beverage and water added to foods and beverages during preparation at home or in local establishments. Water occurring naturally in foods or added by manufacturers to commercial products ( beverage or food) is not included. Estimates are reported in milliliters (ml/person/day) and milliliters per kilogram of body weight (ml/kg/day). As a by-product of constructing estimates in terms of body weight of respondents, distributions of self-reported body weights based on the CSFII were estimated and are also reported here. C1 [Kahn, Henry D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. [Stralka, Kathleen] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Kahn, HD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MC 8623D, Washington, DC USA. EM kahn.henry@epa.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.29 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 435OE UT WOS:000265352400006 PM 18478044 ER PT J AU Richter, W Hart, TF Luben, T Freud, S Nuckols, JR AF Richter, Wayne Hart, Thomas F., Jr. Luben, Thomas Freud, Salome Nuckols, John R. TI Evaluation of two methods of interpolating quarterly trihalomethane levels between sampling dates SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disinfection byproducts; trihalomethanes; exposure; drinking water; interpolation; spline ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLIES; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; DRINKING-WATER; BIRTH OUTCOMES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; STILLBIRTH; RISK; CONTAMINANTS AB Epidemiological studies of the relationship between disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and adverse birth outcomes often use a single quarterly sample result to characterize an exposure period during a pregnancy. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs), a frequently studied class of DBPs, can fluctuate considerably between sampling periods so that a single point measurement in time may not adequately characterize levels over an exposure period. In addition to obtaining compliance samples that are required quarterly at a limited number of sampling sites, the New York City water supply system takes monthly THM samples at a large number of sites. We used these monthly data to investigate two methods for interpolating between quarterly measurements: cubic splines and linear interpolation. We based interpolations on 1 month in each calendar quarter and checked the interpolated values against the actual data values from the other 2 months of the quarter. Both methods produced generally acceptable fits: 90% of the observed discrepancies between fitted and actual values were less than 14 mu g/l and over half were less than 5 mu g/l for total trihalomethanes (THM4). These numbers are about half the change in THM4 level from one quarter to the next and compare favorably with the range of 0-80 mu g/l or more used in many studies. Comparable results were obtained for chloroform and bromodichloromethane, the two THMs with levels high enough to analyze. Linear interpolation generally performed better than the spline fit, producing lower average discrepancies and fewer large discrepancies. Linear interpolation can be a useful and easily applied method for developing improved exposure estimates using quarterly sampling data. C1 [Richter, Wayne] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Water Supply Protect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Luben, Thomas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Freud, Salome] New York City Dept Environm Protect, Flushing, NY USA. [Nuckols, John R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Richter, W (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Water Supply Protect, 547 River St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM wxr04@health.state.ny.us FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under their Environmental and Health Effect Tracking initiative [U50/CCU223284-01] FX We thank Allison F. Hinckley and Gwen Babcock for SAS programming and Roger Sokol for assisting with data interchange. Richter was supported by Grant U50/CCU223284-01 from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under their Environmental and Health Effect Tracking initiative. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.30 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 435OE UT WOS:000265352400007 PM 18506206 ER PT J AU Martyniuk, CJ Alvarez, S McClung, S Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Denslow, ND AF Martyniuk, Christopher J. Alvarez, Sophie McClung, Scott Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Denslow, Nancy D. TI Quantitative Proteomic Profiles of Androgen Receptor Signaling in the Liver of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iTRAQ; quantitative proteomics; androgens; antiandrogen; gene expression; oxidative stress; toxicoproteomics ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY; RESPONSES AB Androgenic chemicals are present in the environment at concentrations that impair reproductive processes in fish. The objective of this experiment was to identify proteins and cell processes mediated through androgen receptor signaling using an androgen receptor agonist (17 beta-trenbolone) and antagonist (flutamide) in the liver. Female fathead minnows were exposed to nominal concentrations of either 17 beta-trenbolone (0.05, 0.5, or 5 mu g/L), flutamide (50, 150, or 500 mu g/L), or a mixture (500 mu g flutamide/L and 0.5 mu g 17 beta-trenbolone/L) for 48 h. The iTRAQ method was used to label peptides after protein extraction and trypsin-digestion from livers of untreated controls or from fish treated with 17 beta-trenbolone (5 mu g/L), flutamicle (500 mu g/L), or a mixture of both compounds. Forty-five proteins were differentially altered by one or more treatments (p < 0.05). Many altered proteins were involved in cellular metabolism (e.g., glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase), general and oxidative stress response (e.g., superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins), and the regulation of translation (e.g., ribosomal proteins). Cellular pathway analysis identified additional signaling cascades activated or inhibited by flutamide that may not be androgen receptor mediated. We also compared changes in select proteins to changes in their mRNA levels and observed, in general, that proteins and mRNA changes did not correlate, suggesting complex regulation at the level of both the transcriptome and proteome. It is concluded that both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches offer unique and complementary insights into mechanisms of regulation. We demonstrate the utility of proteomic profiling for use on a model species with value to ecotoxicology but having limited genomic information. C1 [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Alvarez, Sophie; McClung, Scott] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MED, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Physiol Sci, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndenslow@ufl.edu RI Alvarez, Sophie/K-9231-2013 OI Alvarez, Sophie/0000-0001-8550-2832 FU NSERC; EPA [11831848]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [RO1 ES015449] FX The research was supported by NSERC postdoctoral fellowship to C.J.M. and by the Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant, EPA (11831848). This work was also supported by the Superfund Basic Research Program from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences RO1 ES015449 to N.D. We also thank Li Lu for discussions involving database searches. L. Blake, E. Durban, M. Kahl, K. Jensen and E. Makynen provided valuable technical assistance for this work. NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2186 EP 2200 DI 10.1021/pr800627n PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441BW UT WOS:000265745300007 PM 19267455 ER PT J AU Barth, EF Reponen, T Succop, P AF Barth, Edwin F. Reponen, Tiina Succop, Paul TI Evaluation of Bioaerosol Components, Generation Factors, and Airborne Transport Associated with Lime Treatment of Contaminated Sediment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; WASTE-WATER; EXPOSURE; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; HEALTH; ENDOTOXIN; WORKERS; IDENTIFICATION AB Lime treatment has been used in contaminated sediment management activities for many purposes such as dewatering, improvement of physical properties, and reducing contaminant mobility. Exothermic volatilization of volatile organic compounds from lime-treated sediment is well known, but potential aerosolization of bioaerosol components has not been evaluated. A physical model of a contaminated sediment treatment and airborne transport process and an experimental protocol were developed to identify specific bioaerosol components (bacteria, fungi, cell structural components, and particles) that may be aerosolized and transported. Key reaction variables (amount of lime addition, rate of lime addition, mixing energy supplied) that may affect the aerosolization of bioaerosol components were evaluated. Lime treatment of a sediment contaminated with heavy metals, petroleum-based organics, and microorganisms increased the sediment pH and solids content. Lime treatment reduced the number of water-extractable bacteria and fungi in the sediment from approximately 106 colony-forming units (CFU) . mL(-1) to less than the detection limit of 10(3) CFU . mL(-1). This reduction was seen immediately for bacteria and within 21 days for fungi. Lime treatment immediately reduced the amount of endotoxin in the sediment, but the effects of lime treatment on P-D-glucan could not be determined. The temperature of the treated sediment was linearly related to the amount of lime added within the range of 0-25%. Bacteria were aerosolized during the treatment trials, but there was no culturable evidence of aerosolization of fungi, most likely because of either their particular growth stage or relatively larger particle size that reduced their aerosolization potential and their collection into the impingers. Nonbiological particles, endotoxin, and P-D-glucan were not detected in air samples during the treatment trials. The amount of lime added to the reaction beaker and the relative amount of mixing energy supplied to the reaction significantly affected the aerosolization ratio of bacteria (amount of aerosolized bacteria divided by the amount of bacteria in untreated sediment) from the reaction beaker. The rate of lime addition did not significantly affect the aerosolization ratio of bacteria. The aerosolization results suggest that exposure to bacteria is possible with sediment treatment activities, but the hazard level could not be determined because speciation of the aerosolized bacteria for pathogen identification was not performed, and health and safety standards and criteria for bioaerosol components have not been developed. Quantitative scaling analysis and whether the system represents actual environmental conditions were not studied. C1 [Barth, Edwin F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Reponen, Tiina] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Hlth Related Aerosol Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Succop, Paul] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Barth, EF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM barth.ed@epa.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 540 EP 552 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.540 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441IT UT WOS:000265763200004 PM 19583154 ER PT J AU Scheffe, RD Solomon, PA Husar, R Hanley, T Schmidt, M Koerber, M Gilroy, M Hemby, J Watkins, N Papp, M Rice, J Tikvart, J Valentinetti, R AF Scheffe, Richard D. Solomon, Paul A. Husar, Rudolf Hanley, Tim Schmidt, Mark Koerber, Michael Gilroy, Michael Hemby, James Watkins, Nealson Papp, Michael Rice, Joann Tikvart, Joe Valentinetti, Ricard TI The National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy: Rethinking the Role of National Networks SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MATTER SUPERSITES PROGRAM; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MODEL DESCRIPTION; MASS; AMMONIA; HEALTH; PM2.5; FIELD AB A current re-engineering of the United States routine ambient monitoring networks intended to improve the balance in addressing both regulatory and scientific objectives is addressed in this paper. Key attributes of these network modifications include the addition of collocated instruments to produce multiple pollutant characterizations across a range of representative urban and rural locations in a new network referred to as the National Core Monitoring Network (NCore). The NCore parameters include carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO,), reactive nitrogen (NOy), ozone (O-3), and ammonia (NH3) gases and the major fine particulate matter (PM2.5) aerosol components (ions, elemental and organic carbon fractions, and trace metals). The addition of trace gas instruments, deployed at existing chemical speciation sites and designed to capture concentrations well below levels of national air quality standards, is intended to support both long-term epidemiological studies and regional-scale air quality model evaluation. In addition to designing the multiple pollutant NCore network, steps were taken to assess the current networks on the basis of spatial coverage and redundancy criteria, and mechanisms were developed to facilitate incorporation of continuously operating particulate matter instruments. C1 [Scheffe, Richard D.; Hanley, Tim; Schmidt, Mark; Hemby, James; Watkins, Nealson; Papp, Michael; Rice, Joann; Tikvart, Joe] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Husar, Rudolf] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Koerber, Michael] Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Rosemont, IL USA. [Gilroy, Michael] Puget Sound Clean Air Agcy, Seattle, WA USA. [Valentinetti, Ricard] Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Waterbury, VT USA. RP Scheffe, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, 4201 Alexander Dr,MD-14, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM scheffe.rich@epa.gov RI Husar, Rudolf/A-9000-2009 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.579 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441IT UT WOS:000265763200008 PM 19583158 ER PT J AU Serageldin, M AF Serageldin, Mohamed TI Development of Welding Emission Factors for Cr and Cr(VI) with a Confidence Level SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; ARC; CHROMIUM; METAL; FUMES AB Knowledge of the emission rate and release characteristics is necessary for estimating pollutant fate and transport. Because emission measurements at a facility's fence line are generally not readily available, environmental agencies in many countries are using emission factors (EFs) to indicate the quantity of certain pollutants released into the atmosphere from operations such as welding. The amount of fumes and metals generated from a welding process is dependent on many parameters, such as electrode composition, voltage, and current. Because test reports on fume generation provide different levels of detail, a common approach was used to give a test report a quality rating on the basis of several highly subjective criteria; however, weighted average EFs generated in this way are not meant to reflect data precision or to be used for a refined risk analysis. The 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) of the unknown population mean was used in this study to account for the uncertainty in the EF test data. Several parametric UCLs were computed and compared for multiple welding EFs associated with several mild, stainless, and alloy steels. Also, several nonparametric statistical methods, including several bootstrap procedures, were used to compute 95% UCLs. For the nonparametric methods, a distribution for calculating the mean, standard deviation, and other statistical parameters for a dataset does not need to be assumed. There were instances when the sample size was small and instances when EFs for an electrode/process combination were not found. Those two points are addressed in this paper. Finally, this paper is an attempt to deal with the uncertainty in the value of a mean EF for an electrode/process combination that is based on test data from several laboratories. Welding EFs developed with a defined level of confidence may be used as input parameters for risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Serageldin, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr E-143-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Serageldin.Mohamed@epa.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.619 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441IT UT WOS:000265763200012 PM 19583162 ER PT J AU Wang, P Linker, LC AF Wang, Ping Linker, Lewis C. TI Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Control Trade-Offs Using a Water Quality Model with a Response Surface Method SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; NUTRIENT; ESTUARY AB Excessive nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay cause violations of the new dissolved oxygen water quality standard established to protect the Bay's living resources. Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads is necessary to achieve the dissolved oxygen standard. Based on a set of water quality model runs, a response surface method to establish a function of dissolved oxygen (DO) versus total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads was used, which plots as a three-dimensional surface. For a specific criterion for DO, i.e., achievement of the DO standard, a curve of DO versus TN and TP loads that meets the DO criterion can be isolated. Each of the paired TN and TP loads on this trade-off curve results in an equivalent level of DO, but usually at different nutrient reduction costs. This paper explores cost-effective alternatives in nutrient reduction to achieve the DO water quality standard in the deep water designated use of Segment CB4, which is the last and most difficult region for achievement of DO standards in the Chesapeake. This paper analyzes DO response surface plots and nitrogen-phosphorus trade-off curves. The effects of nutrient limitation on algal growth, water clarity, and DO concentrations in two different nitrogen and phosphorus load scenarios are examined to understand the responses of water quality to nitrogen and phosphorus trades. C1 [Wang, Ping] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Linker, Lewis C.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM pwang@chesapeakebay.net; linker.lewis@epa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:3(171) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 434PC UT WOS:000265285600005 ER PT J AU Davis, BJ Haneke, KE Miner, K Kowalik, A Barrett, JC Peddada, S Baird, DD AF Davis, Barbara J. Haneke, Karen E. Miner, Kelly Kowalik, Ania Barrett, J. Carl Peddada, Shyamal Baird, Donna Day TI The Fibroid Growth Study: Determinants of Therapeutic Intervention SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; UTERINE LEIOMYOMA; AGE AB Aims: The demographics, ethnicity, symptoms, lifestyle characteristics, and treatment outcomes are analyzed in participants of a study designed to evaluate uterine leiomyoma growth and correlate symptoms and outcomes in a clinically relevant population of women (Fibroid Growth Study). Methods: Women included in the Fibroid Growth Study (FGS) completed a medical history and physical examination, underwent T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans, provided urine and blood samples at each scheduled MRI, and responded to an initial extensive telephone-administered questionnaire followed by abbreviated monthly questionnaire updates. Summary scores were developed to quantify stress, pain, and bleeding. The Wilcoxin test was used for statistical comparisons between study participant characteristics and tumor-related characteristics. Results: Participants included 116 premenopausal women, ranging in age from 20 to 54 years; 48% were black women, 41% were white women, 10% were women of other or multiple racial backgrounds, and 1% did not self-identify. Over 90% of participants had multiple leiomyomas, and nearly a third had more than 10. Black women were younger and had more fibroids, but no differences were found in the proportions of black and white women choosing an intervention; 44% of black women and 40% of white women chose intervention during the study. Conclusions: There was no correlation between number of leiomyomas or uterine size and choosing treatment. However, women who opted for treatment were more symptomatic, with higher bleeding and pain scores, compared with the women with no intervention. Consequently, our study suggests that once women are symptomatic, black and white women choose surgery as a treatment method for the same reasons and at about the same rates. Moreover, our data suggest that bleeding and pain, not the size or multiplicity of fibroids, determine the choice for intervention. Therefore, aggressive management of pain and bleeding may be effective in reducing the need for surgical intervention. C1 [Davis, Barbara J.; Miner, Kelly; Peddada, Shyamal; Baird, Donna Day] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Haneke, Karen E.] Integrated Syst Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kowalik, Ania] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Barrett, J. Carl] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Davis, BJ (reprint author), Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, 35 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM Barbara.Davis@MPI.com RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012; Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU NIH [M01RR00046]; NIEHS; National Center for Research on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH; National Uterine Fibroid Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge Drs. Richard Semelka, Diane Armao, Xiaoyu Ding, Stephen Aylward, Bruce Lessey, Kimberly Cummings, Jane Schroeder, David Walmer, and Ray Tice and Mr. Jean-Philippe Guyon for their contributions in study design and data analysis and acknowledge the critical contributions of Ms. Martha Turvey, who was the study nurse. Dr. Ronald Herbert, Ms. Mary Wood, Ms. Paulette Daniel, Ms. Andrea Emmanuel, and Dr. Pamela Blackshear were also involved in additional study conduct, data collection, and analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the input on our study design and questionnaires of members of the National Uterine Fibroid Foundation. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0903 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900017 PM 19366341 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Lee, K King, T Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Evaluating crude oil chemical dispersion efficacy in a flow-through wave tank under regular non-breaking wave and breaking wave conditions SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Dispersant; Waves; Currents; Dynamic dispersant effectiveness; Particle size distribution ID BAFFLED FLASK TEST; EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; DROPLET SIZE; DISSIPATION; TURBULENCE; SPILLS; IMPACT; SEA AB Testing dispersant effectiveness under conditions similar to that of the open environment is required for improvements in operational procedures and the formulation of regulatory guidelines. To this end, a novel wave tank facility was fabricated to study the dispersion of crude oil under regular non-breaking and irregular breaking wave conditions. This wave tank facility was designed for operation in a flow-through mode to simulate both wave- and current-driven hydrodynamic conditions. We report here an evaluation of the effectiveness of chemical dispersants (Corexit (R) EC9500A and SPC 1000 (TM)) on two crude oils (Medium South American [MESA] and Alaska North Slope [ANS]) under two different wave conditions (regular non-breaking and plunging breaking waves) in this wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness was assessed by measuring the water column oil concentration and dispersed oil droplet size distribution. In the absence of dispersants, nearly 8-19% of the test crude oils were dispersed and diluted under regular wave and breaking wave conditions. In the presence of dispersants, about 21-36% of the crude oils were dispersed and diluted under regular waves, and 42-62% under breaking waves. Consistently, physical dispersion under regular waves produced large oil droplets (volumetric mean diameter or VMD >= 300 mu m), whereas chemical dispersion under breaking waves created small droplets (VMD <= 50 mu m). The data can provide useful information for developing better operational guidelines for dispersant use and improved predictive models on dispersant effectiveness in the field. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhengkai; Lee, Kenneth; King, Thomas] Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); US EPA [68-C-00-159]; NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center [NA04NOS4190063, 06-085] FX This research was funded by the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), US EPA (Contract No.: 68-C-00-159), and NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center (NOAA Grant No.: NA04NOS4190063 UNH Agreement No.: 06-085). The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 735 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 446VT UT WOS:000266150300024 PM 19157465 ER PT J AU Vonderheide, AP AF Vonderheide, Anne P. TI A review of the challenges in the chemical analysis of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE PBDE; BFRs; Review ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; IN-HOUSE DUST; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; COASTAL WATERS; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS AB Toxicity studies coupled with recent occurrence data have resulted in a plethora of analytical papers concerning the polybrominated diphenyl ether compounds. As the need to investigate alternate and complex matrices has increased, extraction methodologies have undergone appropriate modifications and these are discussed in this review. Over the past few years, published manuscripts have extended beyond conventional analytical approaches in search of enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and these novel instrumental approaches are examined. Finally, along with this quest have come issues of quality control and data reporting and this review is also in part a critical inspection of these issues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div,Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vonderheide, AP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div,Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vonderheide.anne@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed this manuscript. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 106 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2008.12.011 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 452DS UT WOS:000266520800008 ER PT J AU DeKeyser, JG Stagliano, MC Auerbach, SS Prabhu, KS Jones, AD Omiecinski, CJ AF DeKeyser, Joshua G. Stagliano, Michael C. Auerbach, Scott S. Prabhu, K. Sandeep Jones, A. Daniel Omiecinski, Curtis J. TI Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Is a Highly Potent Agonist for the Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor Splice Variant CAR2 SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING; METABOLISM; ALPHA; LIVER; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; IDENTIFICATION AB The human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, CAR1) regulates the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in the liver. The CAR gene uses multiple alternative splicing events during pre-mRNA processing, thereby enhancing the CAR transcriptome. Previous reports have identified two prominent human CAR variants, CAR2 and CAR3, that possess four- and five-amino acid insertions in their ligand binding domains, respectively. Unlike the constitutively active reference form of the receptor, we now demonstrate that CAR2 is a ligand-activated receptor and comprises approximately 30% of the reference transcript level in human liver tissues in human hepatocytes. Furthermore, we identify the common plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as a highly potent and uniquely selective agonist of CAR2. Results from reporter transactivation and mammalian two-hybrid assays reveal that DEHP activates CAR2 at low nanomolar concentrations, results further supported by analysis of CAR target gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. In addition, comparative genomic analyses show that the typical mouse, rat, and marmoset models of DEHP toxicity cannot accurately profile potential human toxicity because of these species' inability to generate a CAR2-like transcript. The discovery that CAR2 is an ultimate human DEHP receptor identifies a novel pathway modulating human DEHP toxicity with potential clinical implications for a subset of patients undergoing critical care medical interventions. C1 [DeKeyser, Joshua G.; Prabhu, K. Sandeep; Omiecinski, Curtis J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Ctr Mol Toxicol & Carcinogenesis, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stagliano, Michael C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stagliano, Michael C.; Jones, A. Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jones, A. Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Auerbach, Scott S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Omiecinski, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Ctr Mol Toxicol & Carcinogenesis, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cjo10@psu.edu RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM66411]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [N01-DK-7-0004/HHSN267200700004c]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0619489] FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Grant GM66411]; by the Intramural Research program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Contract N01-DK-7-0004/HHSN267200700004c]. The Quattro Premier XE mass spectrometer was purchased with funds from the National Science Foundation [Grant DBI-0619489]. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1013 DI 10.1124/mol.108.053702 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 436VS UT WOS:000265444800001 PM 19211671 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Ward, WO AF Gordon, Christopher J. Ward, William O. TI A multianalyte profile of serum proteins to screen for toxicological effects of anticholinesterase insecticides in the rat SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Serum; Chlorpyrifos; Carbaryl ID TIME-COURSE; CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION; FEVER; MICE AB The development of high throughput biochemical screens could be useful to assess the broad spectrum of physiological effects of environmental toxicants. To explore the prospect of using a screen in an in vivo exposure scenario, we applied a commercially available multianalyte profile (MAP) of 58 serum biomarkers to rats exposed acutely to two anticholinesterase insecticides, chlorpyrifos (CHP) and carbaryl (CAR). Male, Long-Evans rats were dosed orally with 30 mg/kg CHP, 75 mg/kg CAR or the corn oil vehicle. Doses were selected based on their equivalent physiological effects (hypothermia and reduced motor activity). The animals were terminated 24 h or 7 days after dosing. Serum was collected and analyzed for 58 biomarkers consisting primarily of cytokines, chemokines, and a few hormones. There were changes in six analytes (four up, two down) following CHP and eight analytes (five up, three down) following CAR at 24 h. There were significant changes in only two biomarkers when measured 7 days after dosing with CHP. Overall, the MAP detected a broad spectrum of unique effects for CHP and CAR. It is concluded that the MAP is a useful tool to screen for in vivo effects of environmental toxicants and its use could lead to the discovery of novel mechanisms of action. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ward, William O.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.02.009 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 448RH UT WOS:000266279200006 PM 19442821 ER PT J AU Chen, AM Klebanoff, MA Basso, O AF Chen, Aimin Klebanoff, Mark A. Basso, Olga TI Pre-pregnancy body mass index change between pregnancies and preterm birth in the following pregnancy SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal body mass index; preterm delivery; consecutive pregnancies ID POSTPARTUM WEIGHT RETENTION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; BRAZILIAN WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK; DELIVERY; POPULATION; COHORT; OBESITY AB Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) may affect the risk of preterm birth. However, it is unclear how changes in BMI between pregnancies modify the risk of preterm birth in the following pregnancy. We studied this effect in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, when obesity was uncommon and the prevalence of induction of labour was low. This analysis included 1892 primiparae whose first enrolled ( index) pregnancy was a singleton livebirth and the second enrolled ( outcome) pregnancy was a consecutive singleton pregnancy ( both pregnancies within 20-51 weeks of gestation). We used the Cox regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of preterm birth at the outcome pregnancy as a function of reduced BMI (<25(th) percentile of change) and increased BMI (>75(th) percentile), compared with stable BMI (25(th)-75(th) percentile), adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI at the index pregnancy and other covariates. Body mass index reduction was associated with a non-significant increased risk of preterm birth, adjusted HR 1.17 [95% confidence interval 0.90, 1.53]; BMI increase had effects close to null (adjusted HR 1.08 [0.83, 1.41]). In the model with linear BMI change, each 1 kg/m(2) increase was associated with an HR of 0.96 [0.89, 1.03]. The estimates associated with a BMI reduction were higher in women whose index pregnancy ended preterm (HR 1.49 [0.90, 2.44]) and in those with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) at the index pregnancy (HR 1.30 [0.98, 1.71]). This study involved mainly low-to-normal weight women with spontaneous deliveries, and might suffer from type II error owing to small sample size. The effect of BMI change in overweight and obese women needs to be studied using contemporary data. C1 [Chen, Aimin] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Klebanoff, Mark A.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Basso, Olga] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chen, AM (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM aiminchen@creighton.edu RI Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010 OI Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921 FU Creighton University School of Medicine Health Future Foundation; Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES044003]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development FX The study was supported by Creighton University School of Medicine Health Future Foundation. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( Z01 ES044003), and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01029.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 425KL UT WOS:000264635300003 PM 19775382 ER PT J AU Cairns, MA Lajtha, K Beedlow, PA AF Cairns, Michael A. Lajtha, Kate Beedlow, Peter A. TI Dissolved carbon and nitrogen losses from forests of the Oregon Cascades over a successional gradient SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Carbon; Forest succession; Cascades; Oregon; C:N; Lysimeter; Stream; Soil solution ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; HYPORHEIC ZONE; WESTERN OREGON; NITRATE UPTAKE; LAND-USE; STREAM; WATERSHEDS; DYNAMICS AB Ecologists have long used stream water chemistry records to infer hillslope processes, although a great deal of biogeochemical processing of soil water is known to occur both downslope and in-stream. We report the effects of forest succession on C and N export in the west central Cascades of Oregon, a region of low anthropogenic N input. In a previous study, watersheds with forests of differing ages showed a number of significant differences in stream nutrient export. This study was intended to establish whether differences in stream chemistry were due to variation in N retention by forests of different ages, and thus we measured C and N in lysimeter water draining 12 forest plots, which were categorized into four different stages of successional development. Mean total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations in deep soil solutions were 2.5 times higher than stream water TDN observed in the previous study, suggesting that denitrification and/or N uptake occurred in the streams or the riparian zone. Although there was a trend for highest soil solution N concentrations in the second youngest (stem exclusion) stage, this trend was significant only for NH(4)-N. We previously found that streamwater NO(3)-N concentrations averaged 46% of TDN export and was significantly higher in the young than in the older watersheds, however, soil solution NO(3)-N concentration averaged 2% of TDN concentration and did not vary with succession. Although NH(4)-N concentrations were very low (similar to 5 mu g L(-1)) in stream water, NH(4)-N in lysimeter samples averaged 35% of TDN. While stream water dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations averaged 30% of TDN concentrations, soil solution DON concentrations averaged 64% of TDN concentration; neither varied with succession. Even with sharp differences in both forest floor and mineral soil C:N ratios and C contents among plots, no measure of N export from the forest stands was significantly related to forest floor or mineral soil characteristics. This is most likely because forest floor C:N ratios all greatly exceeded the reported low C:N ratios required to allow significant N leakage. Taken together, these results suggest that riparian dynamics, in-stream processing, or perhaps even the presence of near-stream alders significantly alter concentrations of all N species between the soil solution and stream water. C1 [Cairns, Michael A.] Watershed Enhancement Strategies, Independence, OR 97351 USA. [Cairns, Michael A.; Beedlow, Peter A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Lajtha, Kate] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cairns, MA (reprint author), Watershed Enhancement Strategies, 593 E St, Independence, OR 97351 USA. EM Michael.cairns@yahoo.com NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2009 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9828-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 438EF UT WOS:000265538000016 ER PT J AU Noureddine, MA Menendez, D Campbell, MR Bandele, OJ Horvath, MM Wang, XT Pittman, GS Chorley, BN Resnick, MA Bell, DA AF Noureddine, Maher A. Menendez, Daniel Campbell, Michelle R. Bandele, Omari J. Horvath, Monica M. Wang, Xuting Pittman, Gary S. Chorley, Brian N. Resnick, Michael A. Bell, Douglas A. TI Probing the Functional Impact of Sequence Variation on p53-DNA Interactions Using a Novel Microsphere Assay for Protein-DNA Binding with Human Cell Extracts SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID P53 TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORK; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN GENOME; REGULATORY NETWORK; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; PROMOTER REGION; SITE; IDENTIFICATION; DAMAGE; STRESS AB The p53 tumor suppressor regulates its target genes through sequence-specific binding to DNA response elements (REs). Although numerous p53 REs are established, the thousands more identified by bioinformatics are not easily subjected to comparative functional evaluation. To examine the relationship between RE sequence variation-including polymorphisms-and p53 binding, we have developed a multiplex format microsphere assay of protein-DNA binding (MAPD) for p53 in nuclear extracts. Using MAPD we measured sequence-specific p53 binding of doxorubicin-activated or transiently expressed p53 to REs from established p53 target genes and p53 consensus REs. To assess the sensitivity and scalability of the assay, we tested 16 variants of the p21 target sequence and a 62-multiplex set of single nucleotide (nt) variants of the p53 consensus sequence and found many changes in p53 binding that are not captured by current computational binding models. A group of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was examined and binding profiles closely matched transactivation capability tested in luciferase constructs. The in vitro binding characteristics of p53 in nuclear extracts recapitulated the cellular in vivo transactivation capabilities for eight well-established human REs measured by luciferase assay. Using a set of 26 bona fide REs, we observed distinct binding patterns characteristic of transiently expressed wild type and mutant p53s. This microsphere assay system utilizes biologically meaningful cell extracts in a multiplexed, quantitative, in vitro format that provides a powerful experimental tool for elucidating the functional impact of sequence polymorphism and protein variation on protein/DNA binding in transcriptional networks. C1 [Noureddine, Maher A.; Campbell, Michelle R.; Bandele, Omari J.; Horvath, Monica M.; Wang, Xuting; Pittman, Gary S.; Chorley, Brian N.; Bell, Douglas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Grp, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Menendez, Daniel; Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Grp, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Noureddine, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Grp, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM BELL1@niehs.nih.gov OI Wang, Xuting/0000-0001-6781-8008 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health [Z01-ES-100475-M-0001, Z01 ES065079-15] FX This research was funded entirely by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (projects: Z01-ES-100475-M-0001 and Z01 ES065079-15). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 AR e1000462 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000462 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 459EH UT WOS:000267083000021 PM 19424414 ER PT J AU Lepadatu, C Enache, M Walker, JD AF Lepadatu, Costinel Enache, Monica Walker, John D. TI Toward a More Realistic QSAR Approach to Predicting Metal Toxicity SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular electronegativity; Metal ions; Toxicity; Sunflower ID ION; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; CHEMISTRY; HARDNESS; WATER AB The subject of this paper is to present molecular descriptors representing the electronegativity of OMO (occupied molecular orbital) and UMO (unoccupied molecular orbital) quantum molecular states that could be used to obtain information on the mechanism of electron transfer between metal compound and biological receptor. The molecular descriptors that were used suggested that the (s,p) and (d(N)) metal ions have different mechanisms of interaction with the receptor. This result explains why the correlation activity-descriptor is rather poor or practically does not exist when all metal ions are analyzed together (irrespective of their valence shell). Since this interaction is the last event of the long chain of processes of the metal ion up to the biological target, such molecular descriptors could be used together with other descriptors in QSAR models for prediction of biological activity. C1 [Lepadatu, Costinel] Acad Romana, Inst Chem Phys, Bucharest 060021, Romania. [Enache, Monica] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med Bucharest, Fac Biotechnol, Bucharest 011464, Romania. [Walker, John D.] US EPA, TSCA ITC, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lepadatu, C (reprint author), Acad Romana, Inst Chem Phys, Sp Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1002/qsar.200860151 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 448VN UT WOS:000266290200003 ER PT J AU Genaidy, AM Sequeira, R Tolaymat, T Kohler, J Rinder, M AF Genaidy, A. M. Sequeira, R. Tolaymat, T. Kohler, J. Rinder, M. TI Evidence-based integrated environmental solutions for secondary lead smelters: Pollution prevention and waste minimization technologies and practices SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lead; Pollution prevention; Waste minimization; Technologies; Practices ID SHORT ROTARY FURNACE; ACID-BATTERIES; CLEANER PRODUCTION; MINING-INDUSTRY; RECYCLING LEAD; BLAST-FURNACE; RECENT TRENDS; RECOVERY; SCRAP; METALS AB An evidence-based methodology was adopted in this research to establish strategies to increase lead recovery and recycling via a systematic review and critical appraisal of the published literature. In particular, the research examines pollution prevention and waste minimization practices and technologies that meet the following criteria: (a) reduce/recover/recycle the largest quantities of lead currently being disposed of as waste, (b) technically and economically viable, that is, ready to be diffused and easily transferable, and (c) strong industry interest (i.e., industry would consider implementing projects with higher payback periods). The following specific aims are designed to achieve the study objectives: Aim 1 - To describe the recycling process of recovering refined lead from scrap; Aim 2 - To document pollution prevention and waste management technologies and practices adopted by US stakeholders along the trajectory of LAB and lead product life cycle: Aim 3 - To explore improved practices and technologies which are employed by other organizations with an emphasis on the aforementioned criteria; Aim 4 - To demonstrate the economic and environmental costs and benefits of applying improved technologies and practices to existing US smelting operations; and Aim 5 - To evaluate improved environmental technologies and practices using an algorithm that integrates quantitative and qualitative criteria. The process of identifying relevant articles and reports was documented. The description of evidence was presented for current practices and technologies used by US smelters as well as improved practices and technologies. Options for integrated environmental solutions for secondary smelters were introduced and rank ordered on the basis of costs (i.e., capital investment) and benefits (i.e., production increases, energy and flux savings, and reduction of SO(2) and slag). An example was provided to demonstrate the utility of the algorithm by detailing the costs and benefits associated with different combinations of practices and technologies. The evidence-based methodology documented in this research reveals that it is technically and economically feasible to implement integrated environmental solutions to increase lead recovery and recycling among US smelters. The working example presented in this research can be confirmed with US stakeholders and form the basis for implementable solutions in the lead smelter and product industries to help reverse the overall trend of declining life-cycle recycling rates. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Genaidy, A. M.; Sequeira, R.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tolaymat, T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohler, J.] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rinder, M.] WorldTek Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Genaidy, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM world_tek_inc@yahoo.com NR 88 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 10 BP 3239 EP 3268 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.025 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 437VV UT WOS:000265515900001 PM 19232675 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Saganich, C Bukiewicz, L Kalin, R AF Richmond-Bryant, J. Saganich, C. Bukiewicz, L. Kalin, R. TI Associations of PM2.5 and black carbon concentrations with traffic, idling, background pollution, and meteorology during school dismissals SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; Black carbon; Street canyon; Schools; Air quality ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NEW-YORK-CITY; AIR-POLLUTION; STREET CANYON; HUMAN EXPOSURE; URBAN; DISPERSION; EMISSIONS; RANGE AB An air quality study was performed outside a cluster of schools in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City. PM2.5 and black carbon concentrations were monitored using real-time equipment with a one-minute averaging interval. Monitoring was performed at 1:45-3:30 PM during school days over the period October 31-November 17, 2006. The designated time period was chosen to capture vehicle emissions during end-of-day dismissals from the schools. During the monitoring period, minute-by-minute volume counts of idling and passing school buses, diesel trucks, and automobiles were obtained. These data were transcribed into time series of number of diesel vehicles idling, number of gasoline automobiles idling, number of diesel vehicles passing, and number of automobiles passing along the block adjacent to the school cluster. Multivariate regression models of the log-transform of PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations in the East Harlem street canyon were developed using the observation data and data from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation on meteorology and background PM2.5. Analysis of variance was used to test the contribution of each covariate to variability in the log-transformed concentrations as a means to judge the relative contribution of each covariate. The models demonstrated that variability in background PM2.5 contributes 80.9% of the variability in log[PM2.5] and 81.5% of the variability in log[BC]. Local traffic Sources were demonstrated to contribute 5.8% of the variability in log[BC] and only 0.43% of the variability in log[PM2.5]. Diesel idling and passing were both significant contributors to variability in log[BC], while diesel passing was a significant contributor to log[PM2.5]. Automobile idling and passing did not contribute significant levels of variability to either concentration. The remainder of variability in each model was explained by temperature, along-canyon wind, and cross-canyon wind, which were all significant in the models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richmond-Bryant, J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Saganich, C.] Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Bukiewicz, L.; Kalin, R.] Asthma Free Sch Zone, New York, NY 10009 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Richmond-bryant.jennifer@epa.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU New York City Department of Transportation [X501.68] FX The research team kindly acknowledges the New York City Department of Transportation (Contract No. X501.68) for support of this work. We would also like to thank Ms. Meglian Valentine, Ms. Loretta Krahling, Ms. Alinna Sanders, and Mr. Andrew Burgie for their assistance in the field. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 10 BP 3357 EP 3364 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.046 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 437VV UT WOS:000265515900013 PM 19250655 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Copeland, CB Luebke, RW AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Copeland, Carey B. Luebke, Robert W. TI Suppression of Humoral Immunity by Perfluorooctanoic Acid is Independent of Elevated Serum Corticosterone Concentration in Mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluoronated agents; immunotoxicity; corticosterone ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; EXOGENOUS CORTICOSTERONE; INDUCED IMMUNOMODULATION; RESTRAINT STRESS; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; CURVE; AREA; RATS AB The T-cell-dependent antibody response is suppressed in mice exposed to 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid)/kg body weight (bw). Reduced bw accompanied immunosuppression at 15 and 30 mg/kg. We investigated the hypothesis that the observed immunosuppression is secondary to elevated serum corticosterone levels by assessing immune function in adrenalectomized (adx) or sham-operated C57BL/6N female mice exposed to 0, 7.5, or 15 mg PFOA/kg bw in drinking water for 10 days. Bw, primary antibody responses to a T-dependent antigen, clinical serum chemistries related to liver health, and serum corticosterone levels were evaluated. Exposure to 15 mg/kg decreased bw by approximately 10% after 8 days of dosing and until 2 days postdosing in both adx and sham animals; bw of adx animals were still reduced 5 days postdosing. IgM antibody titers were statistically reduced by 15% in sham animals and 18% in adx animals exposed to 15 mg/kg and by 11.8% in adx animals exposed to 7.5 mg/kg. Corticosterone concentrations were elevated by 157% in dosed sham animals relative to control animals and were reduced by 27% in dosed adx animals relative to control animals (neither changes were statistically significant). Clinical serum chemistries related to liver health were not statistically altered by either dose or adrenalectomy. The failure of adrenalectomy to protect mice from the immunosuppressive effects of PFOA indicates that suppression of antibody synthesis is not the result of liver toxicity or stress-related corticosterone production. C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Copeland, Carey B.; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM dewittj@ecu.ecu OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU University of North Carolina; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Agreement [CT829472] FX University of North Carolina, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Agreement (CT829472) partially supported J. DeWitt. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 109 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp040 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 441AQ UT WOS:000265742100013 PM 19240040 ER PT J AU Evans, MV Chiu, WA Okino, MS Caldwell, JC AF Evans, M. V. Chiu, W. A. Okino, M. S. Caldwell, J. C. TI Development of an updated PBPK model for trichloroethylene and metabolites in mice, and its application to discern the role of oxidative metabolism in TCE-induced hepatomegaly SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; TCE; Metabolism; TCA; DCA; Hepatomegaly ID MOUSE-LIVER TUMORS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; CHLORAL HYDRATE; DRINKING-WATER; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a lipophilic solvent rapidly absorbed and metabolized via oxidation and conjugation to a variety of metabolites that cause toxicity to several internal targets. Increases in liver weight (hepatomegaly) have been reported to occur quickly in rodents after TCE exposure, with liver tumor induction reported in mice after long-term exposure. An integrated dataset for gavage and inhalation TCE exposure and oral data for exposure to two of its oxidative metabolites (TCA and DCA) was used, in combination with an updated and more accurate physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, to examine the question as to whether the presence of TCA in the liver is responsible for TCE-induced hepatomegaly in mice. The updated PBPK model was used to help discern the quantitative contribution of metabolites to this effect. The update of the model was based on a detailed evaluation of predictions from previously published models and additional preliminary analyses based on gas uptake inhalation data in mice. The parameters of the updated model were calibrated using Bayesian methods with an expanded pharmacokinetic database consisting of oral, inhalation, and iv studies of TCE administration as well as studies of TCE metabolites in mice. The dose-response relationships for hepatomegaly derived from the multi-study database showed that the proportionality of dose to response for TCE- and DCA-induced hepatomegaly is not observed for administered doses of TCA in the studied range. The updated PBPK model was used to make a quantitative comparison of internal dose of metabolized and administered TCA. While the internal dose of TCA predicted by modeling of TCE exposure (i.e., mg TCA/kg-d) showed a linear relationship with hepatomegaly, the slope of the relationship was much greater than that for directly administered TCA. Thus, the degree of hepatomegaly induced per unit of TCA produced through TCE oxidation is greater than that expected per unit of TCA administered directly, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis that TCA alone accounts for TCE-induced hepatomegaly. In addition, TCE-induced hepatomegaly showed a much more consistent relationship with PBPK model predictions of total oxidative metabolism than with predictions of TCE area-under-the-curve in blood, consistent with toxicity being induced by oxidative metabolites rather than the parent compound. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that oxidative metabolites in addition to TCA are necessary contributors to TCE-induced liver weight changes in mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Evans, M. V.; Chiu, W. A.; Caldwell, J. C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Okino, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Evans, MV (reprint author), US EPA, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM evans.marina@epa.gov NR 95 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 236 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.013 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 436QQ UT WOS:000265430100009 PM 19249323 ER PT J AU Schwindt, AR Kent, ML Ackerman, LK Simonich, SLM Landers, DH Blett, T Schreck, CB AF Schwindt, Adam R. Kent, Michael L. Ackerman, Luke K. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Landers, Dixon H. Blett, Tamara Schreck, Carl B. TI Reproductive Abnormalities in Trout from Western US National Parks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; COHO SALMON; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; DISRUPTION; PESTICIDES AB Reproductive disruption is well documented in polluted areas, such its below sewage treatment plants, but not in ecologically protected environments, such as national parks. In a majority of subalpine lakes sampled in Rocky Mountain and Glacier National parks. we observed intersex male cutthroat trout oncorhynchus clarkii and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at frequencies of 9-33%. Intersexuality, one form of reproductive disruption, is the presence of both male and female reproductive structures in the same animal. Male cutthroat trout, rainbow trout O. mykiss, and brook trout from these parks also produced elevated levels of the estrogen-responsive protein vitellogenin, another indicator of reproductive disruption. We did not find reproductive abnormalities in national parks of the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, Olympics, Brooks, or Alaska ranges. To determine whether gonad abnormalities were evident in mountain ecosystems before the production of organic pollutants, we sampled various species of the family Salmonidae collected from the preorganic pollutant era (pre-1930s). In these museum collections. we observed intersex male greenback cutthroat trout O. clarkii stomias collected in the late 1800s from Twin Lakes, Colorado, in the Rocky Mountains. Our current results suggest that reproductive disruption is occurring in some national parks. The abnormalities were observed in remote. high-elevation locations, suggesting that they might have resulted from airborne contaminants. Our observation of intersex greenback cutthroat trout from the late 1800s suggests that organic pollutants are not the only factors inducing reproductive disruption. The causes and population-level consequences of reproductive disruption in these lakes remain to be determined. C1 [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Luke K.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schwindt, AR (reprint author), Denver Museum Nat & Sci, 2001 Colorado Blvd, Denver, CO 80205 USA. EM ar.schwindt@gmail.com RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011 OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039 FU National Park Service FX We thank C. Kennedy and B. Rosenlund (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), D. S. Jordan, the WACAP team, and volunteers from Trout Unlimited for collecting the fish. We thank G. W. Feist (Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Ore,,on State University) for technical support. Patagonia, Inc. and Marmot Mountain Ltd. are acknowledged for providing outerwear. We acknowledge the California Academy of Science and the University of Washington School of Fisheries for use of their fish collections. This work is part of WACAP. a collaborative venture between the National Park Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University. University of Washington, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. It was funded primarily through cooperative and interagency agreements with the National Park Service and also included in-kind contributions from all of the project partners. Further information about WACAP can be found at www.nature.nps.gov/air/Studies/air_toxics/wacap.cfm. This document has been subjected to appropriate institutional peer review and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 138 IS 3 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1577/T08-006.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EJ UT WOS:000268501100007 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Colvin, ME Wigington, PJ Leibowitz, SG Baker, JP Church, MR Compton, JE Miller, BA Cairns, MA Hansen, BP LaVigne, HR AF Ebersole, Joseph L. Colvin, Mike E. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Leibowitz, Scott G. Baker, Joan P. Church, M. Robbins Compton, Jana E. Miller, Bruce A. Cairns, Michael A. Hansen, Bruce P. LaVigne, Henry R. TI Modeling Stream Network-Scale Variation in Coho Salmon Overwinter Survival and Smolt Size SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; WINTER REARING HABITAT; OREGON COASTAL STREAMS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WASHINGTON STREAMS; RESIDENT SALMONIDS AB We used multiple regression and hierarchical mixed-effects models to examine spatial patterns of overwinter survival and size at smolting in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in relation to habitat attributes across an extensive stream network in southwestern Oregon over 3 years. Contributing basin area explained the majority of spatial variation (R-2 = 0.57-0.63) in coho salmon overwinter Survival (range 0.02-0.63). with highest survival rates observed in smaller headwater and intermittent streams. Other habitat attributes, including proportional pool area, percent exposed bedrock substrate, percent broadleaf canopy cover, and adult salmon carcass density. were relatively poor predictors Of Survival. Indices of individual fish condition. including fall parr fork length, condition factor, and Parasite infestation tales. were also relatively uninformative in coho salmon overwinter survival models. Cohn salmon smolt length was primarily a function of length at the time of fall tagging. but stream type, contributing basin area (positive effect), thermal history (positive effect), and black spot infestation (i.e.. trematode metacercariae negative effect) were also important, The consistent, broad spatial gradients in overwinter Survival observed in this study can help guide efforts designed to enhance coho salmon production in coastal streams and suggest that habitat protection. restoration. and enhancement strategies will be best guided by a whole-basin context. C1 [Ebersole, Joseph L.; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Baker, Joan P.; Church, M. Robbins; Compton, Jana E.; Cairns, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Colvin, Mike E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, Bruce A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Hansen, Bruce P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [LaVigne, Henry R.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ebersole.joe@epa.gov NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 138 IS 3 BP 564 EP 580 DI 10.1577/T08-047.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EJ UT WOS:000268501100010 ER PT J AU Schnaar, G Digiulio, DC AF Schnaar, Gregory Digiulio, Dominic C. TI Computational Modeling of the Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY; DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; CO2 STORAGE; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; GAS-RESERVOIRS; VADOSE ZONE AB Geologic sequestration of CO(2) is a component of C capture and storage (CCS), an emerging technology for reducing CO(2) emissions to the atmosphere, and involves injection of captured CO(2) into deep subsurface formations. Similar to the injection of hazardous wastes, before injection of CO(2), operators of geologic sequestration projects may need to demonstrate nonendangerment of groundwater resources during the lifetime of the project. Future requirements related to CO(2) accounting and transfer credits may require operators to evaluate and quantify any surface releases. Subsurface fluid flow computational models have been advocated as an integral tool in predicting and tracking the migration on of CO(2) or mobilized constituents. Modeling the injection and sequestration of CO(2) poses unique challenges, such as the need to properly characterize CO(2) transport properties across a large range of temperatures and pressures, and the need to couple multiphase flow, reactive transport, and geomechanical processes. In addition, the volumes of CO(2) that may be injected are largely unprecedented, and an appropriate amount of site characterization across the potentially impacted area will be difficult. In the last several years, there have been several research studies specifically modeling the problem of subsurface injection of CO(2). Existing studies demonstrate the use of modeling in project design, site characterization, assessments of leakage, and site monitoring. Particularly informative components of existing modeling studies include parameter sensitivity analyses, evaluation of numerical artifacts, code comparison, and demonstrations of model calibration to site monitoring data. C1 [Schnaar, Gregory] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Digiulio, Dominic C.] US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Ground Water & Ecosy, Ada, OK USA. RP Schnaar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gschnaar@gmail.com FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy; U.S. EPA Office of Water FX The authors would like to thank the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship Program and the U.S. EPA Office of Water for support during the preparation of this publication. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers NR 84 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 389 EP 403 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0112 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 448YE UT WOS:000266297100012 ER PT J AU Yau, V Wade, TJ de Wilde, CK Colford, JM AF Yau, Vincent Wade, Timothy J. de Wilde, Carol K. Colford, John M., Jr. TI Skin-related symptoms following exposure to recreational water: a systematic review and meta-analysis SO WATER QUALITY EXPOSURE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Bacterial indicators; Rash; Skin disease; Marine water; Fresh water AB Exposure to contaminated recreational waters (defined by levels of fecal and other types of indicator bacteria) is associated with adverse health outcomes. The principal health outcome studied previously has been gastrointestinal illness. Although many studies included reports of frequent skin complaints (e. g. rash or itch) following recreational water exposure, no systematic reviews have examined the association between indicator levels and skin-related symptoms. Twenty relevant peer-reviewed studies were identified. The relative risks (swimmers vs. nonswimmers) of skin-related symptoms among those exposed to recreational water with bacterial indicator concentrations above threshold levels were determined using meta-analysis. Similarly, the relative risks (swimmers vs. non-swimmers) of skin-related complaints after exposure to water with bacterial indicator concentrations below threshold levels were determined. The ratio of these odds ratios (ROR) was then computed for each indicator. The risk of skin-related symptoms was significantly elevated in marine water with high levels of total coliforms ROR 1.86, (95% CI 1.21, 2.87); fecal coliforms ROR 1.45 (95% CI 1.02, 2.07); E. coli ROR 1.98, (95% CI 1.43, 2.75); enterococci ROR 2.04 (95% CI 1.34, 3.09) and fecal streptococci ROR 1.70 (95% CI 1.07, 2.71). However, no significant associations with water quality indicators were demonstrated for the freshwater indicators examined (total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli). Swimmers exposed to marine water at high levels of several indicator bacteria experience a significant increase in skin-related symptoms compared to non-swimmers. This relationship was not demonstrated in freshwater settings. C1 [Yau, Vincent; de Wilde, Carol K.; Colford, John M., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Yau, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vincentmyau@gmail.com NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1658 EI 1876-1666 J9 WATER QUAL EXPOS HEA JI Water Qual. Expos. Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 79 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s12403-009-0012-9 PG 25 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V35HB UT WOS:000209139900002 ER PT J AU Pham, TTH Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Pham, T. T. H. Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Ultrasonication of wastewater sludge-Consequences on biodegradability and flowability SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Wastewater sludge; Ultrasonication; Biodegradability; Flowability; Response surface method ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; PRETREATMENT; DISINTEGRATION AB The present Study deals with pre-treatment of wastewater sludge by ultrasonic waves at frequency of 20 kHz using fully automated lab-scale ultrasonication equipment. Different wastewater sludge solids concentrations, ultrasonication intensities, and exposure times of pre-treatment were investigated for the optimization of ultrasonication treatment process. The parameters of pre-treatment process were optimized by using response surface methodology. A 21 central composite design was performed for optimization. The screening experiment step comprised steepest ascent methodology to determine optimal domain, The effect of ultrasonication treatment was assessed in terms of increase in soluble solids and the biodegradability of the wastewater sludge. In addition, theological parameter of wastewater sludge, namely, viscosity was also measured to ascertain the Suitability of wastewater sludge for conventional treatment processes as well as submerged fermentation, a major step for the production of value-added products from sludge. It was observed that the ultrasonication intensity and pre-treatment exposure time significantly affected the efficiency of the ultrasonication process followed by the solids concentration. The optimal conditions of ultrasonic pre-treatment were 0.75 W/cm(2) ultrasonication intensity, 60 min, and 23 g/L total solids concentration, The increases in soluble chemical oxygen demand and biodegradability, by aerobic sludge digestion process, in terms of total solids consumption increased by 45.5% and 56%, respectively, The flowability Of ultrasonicated sludge in terms of viscosity showed exponential behaviour at different total solids concentrations, and pseudoplastic and thixotropic behaviour similar to raw sludge. Nevertheless, the magnitude of viscosity values of ultrasonicated sludge was always lower than the raw sludge. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pham, T. T. H.; Brar, Satinder K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STP235071]; Canada Research Chair; NSERC(DG); INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, STP235071, Canada Research Chair), NSERC(DG) and INRS-ETE for financial support. We are thankful to Dr. Simon Barnabe for providing valuable and inciting support during the analysis of results using surface response methodology. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 2-3 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.091 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418PH UT WOS:000264160000055 PM 18768255 ER PT J AU Hansen, CA Barnett, AG Jalaludin, BB Morgan, GG AF Hansen, Craig A. Barnett, Adrian G. Jalaludin, Bin B. Morgan, Geoffrey G. TI Ambient Air Pollution and Birth Defects in Brisbane, Australia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Birth defects are a major public health concern as they are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality. Observational studies have linked environmental pollution to adverse birth outcomes, including congenital anomalies. This study examined potential associations between ambient air pollution and congenital heart defects and cleft lip or palate among births in Brisbane, Australia (1998-2004). Methods: Ambient air pollution levels were averaged over weeks 3-8 of pregnancy among 150,308 births. Using a case control design, we used conditional logistic regression and matched cases to 5 controls. Analyses were conducted using all births, and then births where the mother resided within 6 and 12 kilometers of an ambient air quality monitor. Findings: When analyzing all births there was no indication that ambient air pollution in Brisbane was associated with a higher risk of cardiac defects. Among births where the mother resided within 6 kilometers of an ambient air quality monitor, a 5 ppb increase in O(3) was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary artery and valve defects (OR 2.96, 95% CI: 1.34, 7.52) while a 0.6 ppb increase in SO(2) was associated with an increased risk of aortic artery and valve defects (OR 10.76, 95% CI: 1.50, 179.8). For oral cleft defects among all births, the only adverse association was between SO2 and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.62). However, various significant inverse associations were also found between air pollutants and birth defects. Conclusions: This study found mixed results and it is difficult to conclude whether ambient air pollution in Brisbane has an adverse association with the birth defects examined. Studies using more detailed estimates of air pollution exposure are needed. RP Hansen, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Durham, NC USA. EM a.barnett@qut.edu.au RI Hansen, Craig /C-7543-2014; Alejandro Martin, Serguei/A-6593-2012; OI Hansen, Craig /0000-0002-5227-0155; Barnett, Adrian/0000-0001-6339-0374 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e5408 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005408 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 439GF UT WOS:000265614900019 PM 19404385 ER PT J AU Lewis, JA Szilagyi, M Gehman, E Dennis, WE Jackson, DA AF Lewis, John A. Szilagyi, Maria Gehman, Elizabeth Dennis, William E. Jackson, David A. TI Distinct patterns of gene and protein expression elicited by organophosphorus pesticides in Caenorhabditis elegans SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID LIFE-SPAN; C-ELEGANS; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENT; DIETARY RESTRICTION; STRESS RESISTANCE; CULTURE METHODS; IN-VITRO; NEMATODE; GROWTH; MECHANISM AB Background: The wide use of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides makes them an important public health concern. Persistent effects of exposure and the mechanism of neuronal degeneration are continuing issues in OP toxicology. To elucidate early steps in the mechanisms of OP toxicity, we studied alterations in global gene and protein expression in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to OPs using microarrays and mass spectrometry. We tested two structurally distinct OPs (dichlorvos and fenamiphos) and employed a mechanistically different third neurotoxicant, mefloquine, as an out-group for analysis. Treatment levels used concentrations of chemical sufficient to prevent the development of 10%, 50% or 90% of mid-vulval L4 larvae into early gravid adults (EGA) at 24 h after exposure in a defined, bacteria-free medium. Results: After 8 h of exposure, the expression of 87 genes responded specifically to OP treatment. The abundance of 34 proteins also changed in OP-exposed worms. Many of the genes and proteins affected by the OPs are expressed in neuronal and muscle tissues and are involved in lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, apoptosis/cell death, and detoxification. Twenty-two genes were differentially affected by the two OPs; a large proportion of these genes encode cytochrome P450s, UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferases, or P-glycoproteins. The abundance of transcripts and the proteins they encode were well correlated. Conclusion: Exposure to OPs elicits a pattern of changes in gene expression in exposed worms distinct from that of the unrelated neurotoxicant, mefloquine. The functional roles and the tissue location of the genes and proteins whose expression is modulated in response to exposure is consistent with the known effects of OPs, including damage to muscle due to persistent hypercontraction, neuronal cell death, and phase I and phase II detoxification. Further, the two different OPs evoked distinguishable changes in gene expression; about half the differences are in genes involved in detoxification, likely reflecting differences in the chemical structure of the two OPs. Changes in the expression of a number of sequences of unknown function were also discovered, and these molecules could provide insight into novel mechanisms of OP toxicity or adaptation in future studies. C1 [Lewis, John A.; Dennis, William E.; Jackson, David A.] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Szilagyi, Maria] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gehman, Elizabeth] Battelle Natl Biodef Inst, Frederick, MD USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM john.a.lewis1@us.army.mil; Szilagyi.Maria@epamail.epa.gov; gehmane@nbacc.net; william.e.dennis@us.army.mil; david.a.jackson2@us.army.mil RI Jackson, David/E-9984-2014 FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program FX Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U. S. Army or the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program. Citations of commercial organizations or trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. The authors wish to thank Dr. Marianne Vahey and staff at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Vaccine Genomics Laboratory for their gracious and exemplary support in microarray processing and Alan Rosencrance for analysis of chemical concentrations. We also thank Dr. James F. Dillman for critical review of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 12 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 29 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 202 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-202 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 456PL UT WOS:000266859200001 PM 19402892 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Lambright, CR Furr, JR Howdeshell, KL Gray, LE AF Wilson, Vickie S. Lambright, Christy R. Furr, Johnathan R. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI The herbicide linuron reduces testosterone production from the fetal rat testis during both in utero and in vitro exposures SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Linuron; Testosterone production; Sex differentiation; Endocrine disruption; Fetal; Rat ID ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; NIPPLE RETENTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROCYMIDONE; PROFILES AB In utero exposure to linuron, an urea-based herbicide, results in a pattern of malformations of androgen-dependent tissues in adult male rat offspring resembling that produced by some phthalate esters which are known to decrease fetal testosterone production. This study investigated the impact of in utero linuron treatment on fetal testis gene expression and testosterone production. Timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered corn oil vehicle, 12.5, 25, 50 or 75 mg linuron/day/kg orally from GD13 to 18. Ex vivo testosterone (T) production was significantly decreased at 50 and 75 mg/kg when analyzed on a per litter basis. Unlike the phthalate esters, linuron treatment did not affect ins13, cyp17a, cyp11a or StAR mRNA expression. Control GD18 fetal testes were then incubated with increasing concentrations of linuron (1-300 mu M) to evaluate if linuron inhibited T production in vitro. T production was significantly reduced at 30 mu M and above. Progesterone production was not affected in any of the studies indicating that linuron directly inhibited testosterone production in the absence of cytotoxicity. These results indicate the malformations induced by linuron and phthalate esters in male offspring are similar because both reduce fetal T levels during the critical period of sex differentiation but suggest that the mechanisms differ. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, NHEERL, RTD MD 72, Off Res & Dev,Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, RTD MD 72, Off Res & Dev,Reprod Toxicol Div, 2525 E Highway 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.toxiet.2008.12.017 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 430GI UT WOS:000264976400001 PM 19167474 ER PT J AU Bullock, OR Atkinson, D Braverman, T Civerolo, K Dastoor, A Davignon, D Ku, JY Lohman, K Myers, TC Park, RJ Seigneur, C Selin, NE Sistla, G Vijayaraghavan, K AF Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Atkinson, Dwight Braverman, Thomas Civerolo, Kevin Dastoor, Ashu Davignon, Didier Ku, Jia-Yeong Lohman, Kristen Myers, Thomas C. Park, Rokjin J. Seigneur, Christian Selin, Noelle E. Sistla, Gopal Vijayaraghavan, Krish TI An analysis of simulated wet deposition of mercury from the North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AB A previous intercomparison of atmospheric mercury models in North America has been extended to compare simulated and observed wet deposition of mercury. Three regional-scale atmospheric mercury models were tested: the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, the Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD), and the Trace Element Analysis Model (TEAM). These models were each employed using three sets of lateral boundary conditions to test their sensitivity to intercontinental transport of mercury. The same meteorological and pollutant emission data were used in each simulation. Observations of wet deposition were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program's Mercury Deposition Network. The regional models can explain 50-70% of the site-to-site variance in annual mercury wet deposition. CMAQ was found to have slightly superior agreement with observations of annual mercury deposition flux in terms of the mean value for all monitoring sites, but REMSAD showed the best correlation when measured by the coefficient of determination (r(2)). With the exception of one CMAQ simulation, all of the models tended to simulate more wet deposition of mercury than was observed. TEAM exceeded the observed average annual wet deposition by 50% or more in all three of its simulations. CMAQ and REMSAD were better able to reproduce the observed seasonal distribution of mercury wet deposition than was TEAM, but TEAM showed the highest correlation for weekly wet deposition samples. An analysis of model accuracy at each observation site showed no obvious geographic patterns for correlation, bias, or error. Adjusting simulated mercury deposition on the basis of the difference between observed and simulated precipitation data improved the correlation and error scores for all of the models. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Atkinson, Dwight] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Braverman, Thomas] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Civerolo, Kevin; Ku, Jia-Yeong; Sistla, Gopal] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Dastoor, Ashu; Davignon, Didier] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Lohman, Kristen; Seigneur, Christian; Vijayaraghavan, Krish] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Myers, Thomas C.] ICF Int, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Park, Rokjin J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. The work presented here does not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the other participating agencies. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D08301 DI 10.1029/2008JD011224 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435FO UT WOS:000265329500003 ER PT J AU Friedman, CL Burgess, RM Perron, MM Cantwell, MG Ho, KT Lohmann, R AF Friedman, Carey L. Burgess, Robert M. Perron, Monique M. Cantwell, Mark G. Ho, Kay T. Lohmann, Rainer TI Comparing Polychaete and Polyethylene Uptake to Assess Sediment Resuspension Effects on PCB Bioavailability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANT DISTRIBUTION; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; BLACK CARBON; PORE-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; BIOACCUMULATION AB Polyethylene sampler uptake was compared to polychaete uptake to assess bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from resuspended sediments. New Bedford Harbor (MA, U.S.) sediment, contaminated with PCBs, was resuspended under four different water column oxidation conditions: resuspension alone, resuspension under aeration, resuspension under helium, and no resuspension (control). Residuals were tested for differences in PCB availability to the marine polychaete Nereis virens and to polyethylene (PE) passive samplers. Few significant differences between the four resuspension treatments were observed: under aeration, three of 23 PCBs analyzed showed significant increases in polychaete accumulation, while resuspension alone showed increased concentrations in PE samplers for nine of 23 PCBs. Otherwise, no differences were observed and overall we concluded that resuspension had no effect on residual PCB availability. The relationship between disequilibrium-corrected PE and lipid-normalized polychaete PCB concentrations was nearly 1:1 with a strong linear correlation (r(2) = 0.877), demonstrating PCBs are taken up similarly into PE and lipid. On average, PE samplers suggested dissolved PCB concentrations 3.6 times greater than those calculated with lipid-water partitioning, though on a congener-specific basis this was only observed for lower chlorinated PCBs; for higher chlorinated PCBs, PE-water partitioning suggested lower dissolved concentrations than those based on lipid. Organic carbon (OC)-water and OC and black carbon combined (OC+BC)-water partitioning suggested average dissolved concentrations 29 and 10 times greater, respectively, than those estimated with lipid-water partitioning. This demonstrates that PE-measured porewater concentrations can provide a more reliable estimate of bioavailability than sediment geochemistry. C1 [Friedman, Carey L.; Lohmann, Rainer] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Burgess, Robert M.; Perron, Monique M.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Ho, Kay T.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Burgess, Robert M.; Perron, Monique M.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Ho, Kay T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Friedman, CL (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cfriedman@gso.uri.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; OI Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 FU U.S. EPA [EP06D000527] FX We acknowledge Stephan A. Ryba and Richard A. McKinney (U.S. EPA) for assistance with this Study. This work was supported in part by a student services contract from the U.S. EPA (No. EP06D000527). NR 43 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2865 EP 2870 DI 10.1021/es803695n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 432ZK UT WOS:000265172800035 PM 19475963 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Acree, SD Ross, RR Beak, DG Lee, TR AF Wilkin, Richard T. Acree, Steven D. Ross, Randall R. Beak, Douglas G. Lee, Tony R. TI Performance of a zerovalent iron reactive barrier for the treatment of arsenic in groundwater: Part 1. Hydrogeochemical studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permeable reactive barrier; Zerovalent iron; Arsenic; Contaminant flux ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; REMOVAL; REMEDIATION; WATER; FIELD; PHOSPHATE; SILICATE; KINETICS; AQUIFERS; MEDIA AB Developments and improvements of remedial technologies are needed to effectively manage arsenic contamination in groundwater at hazardous waste sites. In June 2005, a 9.1 mlong, 14m deep, and 1.8 to 2.4 m wide (in the direction of groundwater flow) pilot-scale permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was installed at a former lead smelting facility, located near Helena, Montana (USA). The reactive barrier was designed to treat groundwater contaminated with moderately high concentrations of both As(III) and As(V). The reactive barrier was installed over a 3-day period using bio-polymer slurry methods and modified excavating equipment for deep trenching. The reactive medium was composed entirely of granular iron which was selected based on long-term laboratory column experiments. A monitoring network of approximately 40 groundwater sampling points was installed in July 2005. Monitoring results indicate arsenic concentrations >25 mg L(-1) in wells located hydraulically upgradient of the PRB. Of 80 groundwater samples collected from the pilot-PRB, 11 samples exceeded 0.50 mg As L(-1); 62 samples had concentrations of arsenic at or below 0.50 ring L(-1); and, 24 samples were at or below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for arsenic of 0.01 mg L(-1). After 2 years of operation, monitoring points located within 1 m of the downgradient edge of the PRB showed significant decreases in arsenic concentrations at depth intervals impacted by the emplaced zerovalent iron. This study indicates that zerovalent iron can be effectively used to treat groundwater contaminated with arsenic given appropriate groundwater geochemistry and hydrology. The study also further demonstrates the shortcomings of hanging-wall designs. Detailed subsurface characterization data that capture geochemical and hydrogeologic variability, including a flux-based analysis, are needed for successful applications of PRB technology for arsenic remediation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilkin, Richard T.; Acree, Steven D.; Ross, Randall R.; Beak, Douglas G.; Lee, Tony R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010 FU Shaw Environmental, Inc [68-C-03-097]; ASARCO, Inc [278-03]; USEPA FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We gratefully acknowledge the research support provided by Shaw Environmental, Inc. (Contract #68-C-03-097). Research described in this report was partially funded by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA, 278-03) between ASARCO, Inc. and the USEPA We thank Cindy Paul Mary Sue McNeil, Pat Clark, Ken Jewell, Chunming Su, Michael Brooks, Frank Beck, Brad Scroggins (USEPA), Hsing-Lung Lien (National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan), and Joanne Smieja (Gonzaga University) for help in the field and lab. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.12.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 435BZ UT WOS:000265319600001 PM 19167133 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Wilkin, RT AF Beak, Douglas G. Wilkin, Richard T. TI Performance of a zerovalent iron reactive barrier for the treatment of arsenic in groundwater: Part 2. Geochemical modeling and solid phase studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permeable reactive barrier; Zerovalent iron; Arsenic; Thioarsenic; XANES ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CORROSION PRODUCTS; COLUMN TESTS; REMOVAL; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; WATER; 90-DEGREES-C; REMEDIATION AB Arsenic uptake processes were evaluated in a zerovalent iron reactive barrier installed at a lead smelting facility using geochemical modeling, solid-phase analysis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aqueous speciation of arsenic is expected to play a key role in directing arsenic uptake processes. Geochemical modeling reveals contrasting pH-dependencies for As(III) and As(V) precipitation. At the moderately alkaline pH conditions typically encountered in zerovalent iron reactive barriers, As(III) is unlikely to precipitate as an oxide or a sulfide phase. Conversely, increasing pH is expected to drive precipitation of metal arsenates including ferrous arsenate. Bacterially mediated sulfate reduction plays an important role in field installations of granular iron. Neoformed iron sulfides provide surfaces for adsorption of oxyanion and thioarsenic species of As(III) and As(V) and are expected to provide enhanced arsenic removal capacity. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicate that arsenic is sequestered in the solid phase as both As(III) and As(V) in coordination environments with 0 and S. Arsenic removal in the PRB probably results from several pathways, including adsorption to iron oxide and iron sulfide surfaces, and possible precipitation of ferrous arsenate. Corrosion of granular iron appears to result in some As(III) oxidation to As(V) as the proportion of As(V) to As(III) in the solid phase is greater compared to influent groundwater. As(0) was not detected in the PRB materials. These results are broadly comparable to laboratory based studies of arsenic removal by zerovalent iron, but additional complexity is revealed in the field environment, which is largely due to the influence of subsurface microbiota. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beak, Douglas G.; Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010 FU Shaw Environmental [68-C-03-097]; ASARCO, Inc [278-03]; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; E.I. Dupont de Nemours Co; Dow Chemical Company; State of Illinois FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommedation for use. We gratefully acknowledge the analytical support provided by Shaw Environmental (Contract #68-C-03-097), especially Steve Markham for conducting arsenic speciation analyses. We thank Brad Scroggins and Ken Jewell (USEPA) for help in collecting core samples and Tony Lee (USEPA) for help with the SEM analysis. Research described in this paper was partially funded by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA, 278-03) between ASARCO, Inc. and the USEPA Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors greatly appreciate support provided by the staff of the Dow-Northwestern-DuPont Collaborative Access Team and the Pacific Northwest Consortium Collaborative Access Team at Argonne National Laboratory. PNC-XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US DOE Basic Energy Science, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. DND-CAT is supported by E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co., the Dow Chemical Company and the State of Illinois. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.12.003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 435BZ UT WOS:000265319600002 PM 19167132 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Kodavanti, PRS AF Royland, Joycc E. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Response to comment on "Toxicogenomics in human health risk assessment" SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; POSSIBLE MODE(S); EXPOSURE; AROCLOR-1254; CEREBELLUM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; NEUROTOXICITY; MIGRATION; CULTURES C1 [Royland, Joycc E.; Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 236 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.020 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 429XV UT WOS:000264954300014 ER PT J AU Boon, K Bailey, NW Yang, J Steel, MP Groshong, S Kervitsky, D Brown, KK Schwarz, MI Schwartz, DA AF Boon, Kathy Bailey, Nathaniel W. Yang, Jun Steel, Mark P. Groshong, Steve Kervitsky, Dolly Brown, Kevin K. Schwarz, Marvin I. Schwartz, David A. TI Molecular Phenotypes Distinguish Patients with Relatively Stable from Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic interstitial lung disease that is unresponsive to current therapy and often leads to death. However, the rate of disease progression differs among patients. We hypothesized that comparing the gene expression profiles between patients with stable disease and those in which the disease progressed rapidly will lead to biomarker discovery and contribute to the understanding of disease pathogenesis. Methodology and Principal Findings: To begin to address this hypothesis, we applied Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to generate lung expression profiles from diagnostic surgical lung biopsies in 6 individuals with relatively stable (or slowly progressive) IPF and 6 individuals with progressive IPF (based on changes in DLCO and FVC over 12 months). Our results indicate that this comprehensive lung IPF SAGE transcriptome is distinct from normal lung tissue and other chronic lung diseases. To identify candidate markers of disease progression, we compared the IPF SAGE profiles in stable and progressive disease, and identified a set of 102 transcripts that were at least 5-fold up regulated and a set of 89 transcripts that were at least 5-fold down regulated in the progressive group (P-value <= 0.05). The over expressed genes included surfactant protein A1, two members of the MAPK-EGR-1-HSP70 pathway that regulate cigarette-smoke induced inflammation, and Plunc (palate, lung and nasal epithelium associated), a gene not previously implicated in IPF. Interestingly, 26 of the up regulated genes are also increased in lung adenocarcinomas and have low or no expression in normal lung tissue. More importantly, we defined a SAGE molecular expression signature of 134 transcripts that sufficiently distinguished relatively stable from progressive IPF. Conclusions: These findings indicate that molecular signatures from lung parenchyma at the time of diagnosis could prove helpful in predicting the likelihood of disease progression or possibly understanding the biological activity of IPF. C1 NHLBI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Boon, K (reprint author), NHLBI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM Kathy.Boon@gmail.com FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the intramural research programs at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript. NR 55 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 6 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e5134 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005134 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437RS UT WOS:000265505200007 PM 19347046 ER PT J AU Basso, O Wilcox, AJ AF Basso, Olga Wilcox, Allen J. TI Intersecting Birth Weight-specific Mortality Curves: Solving the Riddle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; confounding factors (epidemiology); infant mortality; smoking ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; INFANT; SMOKING; INCREASE AB Small babies from a population with higher infant mortality often have better survival than small babies from a lower-risk population. This phenomenon can in principle be explained entirely by the presence of unmeasured confounding factors that increase mortality and decrease birth weight. Using a previously developed model for birth weight-specific mortality, the authors demonstrate specifically how strong unmeasured confounders can cause mortality curves stratified by known risk factors to intersect. In this model, the addition of a simple exposure (one that reduces birth weight and independently increases mortality) will produce the familiar reversal of risk among small babies. Furthermore, the model explicitly shows how the mix of high- and low-risk babies within a given stratum of birth weight produces lower mortality for high-risk babies at low birth weights. If unmeasured confounders are, in fact, responsible for the intersection of weight-specific mortality curves, then they must also (by virtue of being confounders) contribute to the strength of the observed gradient of mortality by birth weight. It follows that the true gradient of mortality with birth weight would be weaker than what is observed, if indeed there is any true gradient at all. C1 [Basso, Olga] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Basso, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Mail Drop A3-05,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bassoo2@niehs.nih.gov RI Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010; OI Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES044003-30]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES044003] NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 7 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp024 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421VX UT WOS:000264387500001 PM 19240224 ER PT J AU Cameron, GN Johnston, JJ Randolph, JC AF Cameron, Guy N. Johnston, Jerry J. Randolph, J. C. TI Nutrient Encounter by a Generalist Herbivore in a Heterogeneous Landscape SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RATS SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; COTTON RATS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; DIET OPTIMIZATION; SELF-SELECTION; REPRODUCTION; RESOURCES; NUTRITION; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB Most landscapes are heterogeneous in vegetation composition and thus, in the distribution of nutrients required by herbivores for growth and reproduction. Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispdus) inhabit Texas coastal prairies which are characterized by habitat patches dominated by dicots, monocots or both [mixed) plant types. Hispid cotton rat's must obtain nutrients necessary for reproduction by ingesting both dicots and monocots, and reproductive females concentrate their activity in mixed patches. Mixed patches may be selected because they have high nutrient contents or because presence of both monocot and dicot food plants lowers cost of foraging movements. Because hispid cotton rats select a nutritionally complete diet and may detect protein by odor and taste cues, we hypothesized that nutrient concentrations may cue position of foraging paths. We used nutrient maps to measure amount of protein, P and Ca encountered during foraging from radiotracked individuals. We compared these values to those obtained from randomly generated foraging paths. Actual and random paths did not differ in amount of protein, P or Ca encountered. Differences in nutient accumulation between seasons were explained by seasonal differences in availability. We conclude that foraging paths do not respond to nutrient content of plants, but that reproductive females likely occupy mixed habitat patches because presence of both dicot and monocot food plants decreases time and energy spent foraging. C1 [Cameron, Guy N.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Johnston, Jerry J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Randolph, J. C.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Cameron, GN (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM g.cameron@uc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 79-21766, DEB 7921496]; University of Houston Coastal Center; GIS Laboratory, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University FX We thank S. Spencer for collaborating in the field studies critical to this research. This study was supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB 79-21766 to JCR and DEB 7921496 to GNC, the University of Houston Coastal Center and the GIS Laboratory, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2009 VL 161 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.243 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434GH UT WOS:000265262700007 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Yakrus, MA Arduino, MJ Cooksey, RC Crane, CB Banerjee, SN Hilborn, ED Donlan, RM AF Williams, Margaret M. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Arduino, Matthew J. Cooksey, Robert C. Crane, Christina B. Banerjee, Shailen N. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Donlan, Rodney M. TI Structural Analysis of Biofilm Formation by Rapidly and Slowly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; SLIDING MOTILITY; AIDS PATIENTS; AVIUM; ABSCESSUS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) such as M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum, implicated in health care-associated infections, are often isolated from potable water supplies as part of the microbial flora. To understand factors that influence growth in their environmental source, clinical RGM and slowly growing MAC isolates were grown as biofilm in a laboratory batch system. High and low nutrient levels were compared, as well as stainless steel and polycarbonate surfaces. Biofilm growth was measured after 72 h of incubation by enumeration of bacteria from disrupted biofilms and by direct quantitative image analysis of biofilm microcolony structure. RGM biofilm development was influenced more by nutrient level than by substrate material, though both affected biofilm growth for most of the isolates tested. Microcolony structure revealed that RGM develop several different biofilm structures under high-nutrient growth conditions, including pillars of various shapes (M. abscessus and M. fortuitum) and extensive cording (M. abscessus and M. chelonae). Although it is a slowly growing species in the laboratory, a clinical isolate of M. avium developed more culturable biofilm in potable water in 72 h than any of the 10 RGM examined. This indicates that M. avium is better adapted for growth in potable water systems than in laboratory incubation conditions and suggests some advantage that MAC has over RGM in low-nutrient environments. C1 [Williams, Margaret M.; Arduino, Matthew J.; Crane, Christina B.; Banerjee, Shailen N.; Donlan, Rodney M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Cooksey, Robert C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MWilliams7@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 2091 EP 2098 DI 10.1128/AEM.00166-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 424EX UT WOS:000264549400034 PM 19201956 ER PT J AU Karim, MR Rhodes, ER Brinkman, N Wymer, L Fout, GS AF Karim, Mohammad R. Rhodes, Eric R. Brinkman, Nichole Wymer, Larry Fout, G. Shay TI New Electropositive Filter for Concentrating Enteroviruses and Noroviruses from Large Volumes of Water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC VIRUS CONCENTRATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES; TAP WATER; DRINKING-WATER; POLIOVIRUS CONCENTRATION; MICROPOROUS FILTERS; WASTE-WATER; GLASS WOOL AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's information collection rule requires the use of 1MDS electropositive filters for concentrating enteric viruses from water, but unfortunately, these filters are not cost-effective for routine viral monitoring. In this study, an inexpensive electropositive cartridge filter, the Nano-Ceram filter, was evaluated for its ability to concentrate enteroviruses and noroviruses from large volumes of water. Seeded viruses were concentrated using the adsorption-elution procedure. The mean percent retention of seeded polioviruses by NanoCeram filters was 84%. To optimize the elution procedure, six protocols, each comprising two successive elutions with various lengths of filter immersion, were evaluated. The highest virus recovery (77%) was obtained by immersing the filters in beef extract for 1 minute during the first elution and for 15 min during the second elution. The recovery efficiencies of poliovirus, coxsackievirus B5, and echovirus 7 from 100-liter samples of seeded tap water were 54%, 27%, and 32%, respectively. There was no significant difference in virus recovery from tap water with a pH range of 6 to 9.5 and a water flow rate range of 5.5 liters/min to 20 liters/min. Finally, poliovirus and Norwalk virus recoveries by NanoCeram filters were compared to those by 1MDS filters, using tap water and Ohio River water. Poliovirus and Norwalk virus recoveries by NanoCeram filters from tap and river water were similar to or higher than those by the 1MDS filters. These data suggest that NanoCeram filters can be used as an inexpensive alternative to 1MDS filters for routine viral monitoring of water. C1 [Karim, Mohammad R.; Rhodes, Eric R.; Brinkman, Nichole; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Karim, Mohammad R.; Rhodes, Eric R.; Brinkman, Nichole; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Immediate Off, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wymer, Larry] US EPA, Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Karim, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Karim.Mohammad@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Exposure Research Laboratory FX This report has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 46 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2393 EP 2399 DI 10.1128/AEM.00922-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 429RC UT WOS:000264936800018 PM 19218410 ER PT J AU Cripe, GM Hemmer, BL Goodman, LR Vennari, JC AF Cripe, G. M. Hemmer, B. L. Goodman, L. R. Vennari, J. C. TI Development of a Methodology for Successful Multigeneration Life-Cycle Testing of the Estuarine Sheepshead Minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; LACEPEDE; FISH AB Evaluation of effects on fish reproduction and development during chemical exposures lasting for multiple generations is sometimes limited by variable reproductive responses and the time required for the exposure. Established testing methods and the short life cycle of the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, make this species particularly suitable for use in identifying potential impacts of contaminants in estuarine and marine environments. This study describes the refinement of life-cycle exposure methods that increased the reliability of reproduction in sheepshead minnows and reduced the time to maturation for larvae and juvenile fishes. A test of three spawning chamber designs, three sex ratios, and two photoperiods identified conditions that reduced the coefficient of variation in egg production from > 100% to as little as 32%. The most reliable results were produced with groups of three female and two male fishes (all of similar size) when they were placed in a rectangular chamber and acclimated for 12 days. A test water temperature of 26.5 +/- A 2A degrees C and a 14L:10D photoperiod resulted in fish producing a mean of 74 embryos per female per day, with a coefficient of variation of 31.8%. Egg fertility exceeded 90%, with a hatch rate of 95% for normal embryos (a parts per thousand yen80% yolk) and a hatch rate of a parts per thousand currency sign45% for embryos containing a parts per thousand currency sign77% yolk. The length of time to grow larvae to spawning adult fish was reduced to similar to 60 days posthatch by feeding them flake food twice daily to satiation for 15 min, and it was observed that size (a parts per thousand yen2.7 cm standard length) was critical for spawning readiness. Adult fish were prepared for the spawning assessment by adding frozen brine shrimp to their diet. Results of these experiments provide methods that are of particular interest in assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are known to affect reproduction. C1 [Cripe, G. M.; Hemmer, B. L.; Goodman, L. R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Vennari, J. C.] Senior Serv Amer Inc, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Cripe, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM cripe.geraldine@epa.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9204-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 422XS UT WOS:000264461600015 PM 18704253 ER PT J AU Lund, AK Lucero, J Lucas, S Madden, MC McDonald, JD Seagrave, JC Knuckles, TL Campen, MJ AF Lund, Amie K. Lucero, JoAnn Lucas, Selita Madden, Michael C. McDonald, Jacob D. Seagrave, Jean-Clare Knuckles, Travis L. Campen, Matthew J. TI Vehicular Emissions Induce Vascular MMP-9 Expression and Activity Associated With Endothelin-1-Mediated Pathways SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; endothelin-1; matrix metalloproteinase; reactive oxygen species; air pollution ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; SUPEROXIDE-PRODUCTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS; NAD(P)H OXIDASE; HEART-DISEASE; TERM EXPOSURE; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE-9; EXHAUST AB Objective-Mechanisms of air pollution-induced exacerbation of cardiovascular disease are currently unknown, thus we examined the roles of vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating mediators of vascular remodeling, namely matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), after exposure to vehicle engine emissions. Methods and Results-ApoE(-/-) mice were exposed by inhalation to filtered air or gasoline engine exhaust (GEE, 1: 12 dilution) 6 hours per day for 1 or 7 days. Concurrently, mice were treated with either ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ-123 (100 ng/kg/d) via osmotic minipumps, Tempol (approximate to 41 mg/kg/d, orally), or vehicle. GEE-exposure increased vascular MMP-2 and -9, endothelin-1 (ET-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 mRNA and ROS levels. Aortic MMP protein and plasma MMP-9 were similarly upregulated. GEE-mediated increases in vascular ROS were attenuated by Tempol-treatment, as were MMP-2 and TIMP-2; whereas BQ-123 ameliorated GEE-induced vascular expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, ROS, and ET-1. In a parallel study, diesel exhaust exposure in volunteer human subjects induced significant increases in plasma ET-1 and MMP-9 expression and activity. Conclusions-These findings demonstrate that acute exposure to vehicular source air pollutants results in upregulation of circulating and vascular factors associated with progression of atherosclerosis, mediated in part through activation of ET-1-ET(A) receptor pathways. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29: 511-517.) C1 [Lund, Amie K.; Lucero, JoAnn; Lucas, Selita; McDonald, Jacob D.; Seagrave, Jean-Clare; Knuckles, Travis L.; Campen, Matthew J.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Dept Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Campen, MJ (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Dept Toxicol, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM mcampen@lrri.org FU National Environmental Respiratory Center; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Star Award [R830839-010]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [F32ES015404, ES014639] FX This project was supported by the National Environmental Respiratory Center, a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Star Award (R830839-010), and Grants F32ES015404 and ES014639 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, the NIH, or the EPA. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 511 EP U161 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.176107 PG 29 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 421EQ UT WOS:000264342600016 PM 19150882 ER PT J AU Brook, JR Demerjian, KL Hidy, G Molina, LT Pennell, WI Scheffe, R AF Brook, Jeffrey R. Demerjian, Kenneth L. Hidy, George Molina, Luisa T. Pennell, William I. Scheffe, Richard TI New Directions: Results-oriented multi-pollutant air quality management SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brook, Jeffrey R.] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Demerjian, Kenneth L.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Demerjian, Kenneth L.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Hidy, George] Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. [Molina, Luisa T.] MIT, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Molina, Luisa T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pennell, William I.] Columbia Res & Educ Associates, Columbia, WA 99301 USA. [Scheffe, Richard] US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Brook, JR (reprint author), Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Air Qual Res Div, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM jeff.brook@ec.gc.ca; kld@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; dhidy113@comcast.net; ltmolina@mit.edu; bill@craea.com; scheffe.rich@epamail.epa.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2091 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.041 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430PB UT WOS:000264999900019 ER PT J AU Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Carlson, J Gordon, CJ AF Rowsey, Pamela Johnson Metzger, Bonnie L. Carlson, John Gordon, Christopher J. TI Long-Term Exercise Training Selectively Alters Serum Cytokines Involved in Fever SO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR NURSING LA English DT Article DE cytokines; exercise; fever ID IN-CORE TEMPERATURE; ELEVATION; RESPONSES; MICE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RAT; LPS AB Long-term exercise training selectively alters serum cytokines involved in fever. Chronic exercise training has a number of effects on the immune system that may mimic the physiological response to fever. Female rats that voluntarily exercise on running wheels develop an elevated daytime core temperature after several weeks of training. It remains to be seen whether the elevation in daytime temperature involves inflammatory patterns characteristic of an infectious fever. We assessed whether chronic exercise training in the rat would alter levels of cytokines involved in fever. Female Sprague Dawley rats at 4 5 days of age weighing 90-110 g were divided into two groups (exercise and sedentary) and housed at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), iron, and zinc levels were analyzed. Rats underwent 8 weeks of exercise on running wheels. Exercise led to altered levels of some key cytokines that are involved in fever. Exercise animals had significantly higher IL-1 beta levels and lower IL-10 levels compared to sedentary animals. Although IL-6 levels were slightly lower in the exercise animals, these levels were not significantly affected by training. TNF-alpha activity was similar in the two groups. Training also led to a slight increase in serum zinc and decrease in serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC). The data suggest that chronic exercise training evokes immune responses that mimic some, but not all, aspects of fever. This may explain why exercise leads to elevated daytime core temperature. C1 [Rowsey, Pamela Johnson; Carlson, John] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rowsey, PJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, CB 7460 Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pjrowsey@unc.edu FU National Institute of Nursing Research [5-RO1-NR04920-01-03]; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This project was supported by an RO1 grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research, grant number 5-RO1-NR04920-01-03. This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1099-8004 J9 BIOL RES NURS JI Biol. Res. Nurs. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1177/1099800408329409 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 427QI UT WOS:000264793400008 PM 19190031 ER PT J AU Hosni, AA Shane, WT Szabo, JG Bishop, PL AF Hosni, Ahmed A. Shane, William T. Szabo, Jeffery G. Bishop, Paul L. TI The disinfection efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants of Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, in water networks: A comparative study SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE disinfection kinetics; disinfection efficacy; chlorine; chlorine dioxide; Bacillus globigii ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; INACTIVATION; BIOFILMS; PENETRATION; SPORES; DIFFUSION; SUBTILIS; OZONE; MODEL AB Intentional contamination of drinking water with anthrax spores is a concern to water utilities. The spores may become embedded in the distribution pipe corrosion and biofilm, where they will be protected from residual disinfectants. This paper compares the disinfection effectiveness of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for B. anthracis. Batch experiments were performed using both disinfectants. Data was analyzed using the delayed Chick-Watson model to determine the corresponding CT(lag) (CT = concentration x time) values and Watson plots, which indicate the dominant factors affecting disinfection kinetics. Chlorine dioxide had CTlag values almost one tenth of those observed for chlorine. However, Watson plots showed that exposure time and disinfectant concentrations have equal weights on the inactivation rate of both disinfectants. C1 [Hosni, Ahmed A.; Shane, William T.; Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Szabo, Jeffery G.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastructure Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bishop, PL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM paul.bishop@uc.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development [EP-C05-056] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-C05-056. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0315-1468 J9 CAN J CIVIL ENG JI Can. J. Civ. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1139/L09-001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 439CP UT WOS:000265605500021 ER PT J AU Liu, SL Li, YH Shi, GY Tang, SH Jiang, SJ Huang, CW Liu, PY Hong, JS Wu, HL AF Liu, Shu-Lin Li, Yi-Heng Shi, Guey-Yueh Tang, Sei-Hui Jiang, Shinn-Jong Huang, Chia-Wei Liu, Ping-Yen Hong, Jau-Shyong Wu, Hua-Lin TI Dextromethorphan reduces oxidative stress and inhibits atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atherosclerosis; Macrophages; Anti-oxidants ID SUPEROXIDE ANION PRODUCTION; NADPH OXIDASE; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; NEUTROPHILS; P47PHOX; DISEASE; INJURY; ARTERY AB Macrophage-related oxidative stress plays an important role in the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis. Recently, dextromethorphan (DXM), a common cough-suppressing ingredient with a high safety profile, was found to inhibit the activation of microglia, the resident macrophage in the nervous system. We investigated whether DXM could reduce macrophage production of cytokines and superoxide and the resultant influence on atherosclerosis formation in mice. We used in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the DXM inhibitory effect on oxidative stress. Dextromethorphan pretreatment significantly suppressed the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and superoxide in macrophage cell culture after stimulation. Indeed, DXM reduced macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity by decreasing membrane translocation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) through the inhibition of protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. The anti-atherosclerosis effect of DXM was tested using two animal models, apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice and a mouse carotid ligation model. Dextromethorphan treatment (10-40 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks in apoE-deficient mice significantly reduced superoxide production in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes and aortas. It significantly decreased the severity of aortic atherosclerosis in the apoE-deficient mice and decreased carotid neointima formation after ligation in C57BL/6 mice. Our data show that DXM, with its novel effect in reducing oxidative stress, significantly reduces atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice. C1 [Liu, Shu-Lin; Shi, Guey-Yueh; Tang, Sei-Hui; Jiang, Shinn-Jong; Huang, Chia-Wei; Wu, Hua-Lin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Li, Yi-Heng; Liu, Ping-Yen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Li, Yi-Heng; Shi, Guey-Yueh; Tang, Sei-Hui; Jiang, Shinn-Jong; Liu, Ping-Yen; Wu, Hua-Lin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Shi, GY (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM gyshi@mail.ncku.edu.tw; halnwu@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China [NSC 95-2752-B-006-003-PAE, NSC95-2752-B-006-004-PAE, NSC 95-2752-B-006-005-PAE] FX This work was supported by the National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ( Grants NSC 95-2752-B-006-003-PAE, NSC95-2752-B-006-004-PAE, and NSC 95-2752-B-006-005-PAE). NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 82 IS 1 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1093/cvr/cvp043 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 418ZV UT WOS:000264189800021 PM 19189960 ER PT J AU Zhao, BZ He, YY Chignell, CF Yin, JJ Andley, U Roberts, JE AF Zhao, Baozhong He, Yu-Ying Chignell, Colin F. Yin, Jun-Jie Andley, Usha Roberts, Joan E. TI Difference in Phototoxicity of Cyclodextrin Complexed Fullerene [(gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60] and Its Aggregated Derivatives toward Human Lens Epithelial Cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE FULLERENES; SINGLET OXYGEN; PROTEIN PEROXIDES; STATE PROPERTIES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; UV-RADIATION; MALONIC-ACID; C-60; CYTOTOXICITY; LIGHT AB The water-soluble fullerene derivative gamma-cyclodextrin bicapped C-60 [(gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60, CDF0] has several clinical applications, including use as a drug carrier to bypass the blood ocular barriers or a photosensitizer to treat tumors in photodynamic therapy. We have assessed the potential ocular toxicity of (gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60 and its aggregated derivatives induced by UVA and visible light in vitro in human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3). Cell viability using the MTS assay demonstrated that 2 mu M (gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60 was highly phototoxic to HLE B-3 cells with UVA irradiation, while no effect was observed in the presence of visible light or when maintained in the dark. In contrast, the aggregated derivative (CDF150) showed neither cytotoxicity nor any phototoxic effect even at 30 mu M with either UVA or visible light irradiation. In lens cells treated with (gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60, phototoxicity was manifested as apoptosis. Singlet oxygen production measurement using the EPR/TEMP trapping technique determined that (gamma-CyD)(2)/C60 (CDF0) efficiently produced singlet oxygen. The rate of singlet oxygen production decreased with increased aggregation, with no production by the fully aggregated sample formed after 150 min of heating (CDF150). UVA irradiation of HLE B-3 in the presence of (gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60 resulted in a significant rise in intracellular protein-derived peroxides. The singlet oxygen quenchers sodium azide and histidine each significantly protected lens cells against (gamma-CyD)(2)/C-60 photodamage, but lutein and Trolox (vitamin E) did not. Clearly, singlet oxygen is an important intermediate in the phototoxicity of monomeric (gamma-CyD)(2)/fullerene. Our results also demonstrate that UVA-blocking sunglasses can limit the ocular phototoxicity of this nanomaterial, while nontoxic endogenous antioxidants like lutein or Trolox cannot provide adequate protection. C1 [Roberts, Joan E.] Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. [Yin, Jun-Jie] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Andley, Usha] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Zhao, Baozhong; He, Yu-Ying; Chignell, Colin F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 113 W 60th St, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jroberts@fordham.edu RI Zhao, Baozhong/B-5865-2011; Yin, Jun Jie /E-5619-2014 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Colin F. Chignell. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank Dr. Ann Motten, NIEHS, for help in preparation of this manuscript and Dr. Carl Bortner and Maria Sifre for their assistance with flow cytometry measurements. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and approved for publication. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 4 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1021/tx800478u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 436KF UT WOS:000265412300009 PM 19281132 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Schock, M Metz, DH DeSantis, MK Lytle, D Welch, M AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Schock, Michael Metz, Deborah H. DeSantis, Michael K. Lytle, Darren Welch, Meghan TI Effect of Phosphate Inhibitors on the Formation of Lead Phosphate/Carbonate Nanorods, Microrods, and Dendritic Structures SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; NANOTUBES; GROWTH; CARBON AB There are several factors which influence the corrosion rate of lead, which in turn morphs into different crystal shapes and sizes. Some of the important factors are alkalinity, pH, calcium, orthophosphate, and silica. Low to moderate alkalinity decreases corrosion rates, while higher alkalinities have a tendency to increase the corrosion rates of lead. This work describes the effect of orthophosphate inhibitor and pH on the formation of different structures of lead phosphate/carbonate nanorods, nanobelts, microrods, and dendritic structures. The experiments were carried out at different pHs both with and without orthophosphate inhibitor under laboratory conditions, which were intended to represent actual drinking water distribution system (DWDS) conditions. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the different crystals were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The phase identification was done using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). With the increase in pH from 6.5 to 8.5, the formation of uniform thickness coating of phosphate containing minerals was observed, which was in contrast to the different crystal growth under low pH conditions. The XRD patterns indicate that the surface solids contain a mixture of many phases. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; DeSantis, Michael K.; Welch, Meghan] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Schock, Michael; Lytle, Darren] US EPA, Div Drinking Water Res, Risk Reduct Engn Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Metz, Deborah H.] Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; schock.michael@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX M.N.N. is thankful to Cristina Bennet-Stamper for the microscopic facility and to Dr. Thomas Speth for the encouragement. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1798 EP 1805 DI 10.1021/cg8009699 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 427SA UT WOS:000264798200030 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Bennett, RS Kershner, EL Walk, JW AF Etterson, Matthew A. Bennett, Richard S. Kershner, Eric L. Walk, Jeffery W. TI Markov chain estimation of avian seasonal fecundity SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE avian seasonal fecundity; Dickcissel; Eastern Meadowlark; Markov chain; multiple-brooded birds; nest success; Spiza americana; Sturnella magna ID NEST SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; BREEDING PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CARDUELINE FINCH; SONGBIRDS; MODELS; BIRDS; COMPONENTS; PARASITISM AB Avian seasonal fecundity is of interest from evolutionary, ecological, and conservation perspectives. However, direct estimation of seasonal fecundity is difficult, especially with multi-brooded birds, and models representing the renesting and quitting processes are usually required. To explore the consequences of modeling decisions on inference about avian seasonal fecundity, we generalize previous Markov chain (MC) models of avian nest success to formulate two different MC models of avian seasonal fecundity that represent two different ways to model renesting decisions and breeding cessation. We parameterize both Markov chains (regular and absorbing) for two species (Eastern Meadowlark, Sturnella magna, and Dickcissel, Spiza americana) and compare the results using mean-square error of the estimated number of successful broods per breeding female. We also provide formulae for estimating the expected variation in female breeding success. The absorbing MC performed better for both species, although the regular MC performed almost as well when the duration of the breeding season was estimated by taking the 95th percentile of a negative binomial distribution fit to the observed durations among all females. In their simplest form the models contain very few parameters (four or five) and should also prove useful as a foundation for more complex models of avian seasonal fecundity and demography. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.; Bennett, Richard S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Kershner, Eric L.] US Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Environm Secur Wildlife Management Branch, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Walk, Jeffery W.] Nature Conservancy, Peoria, IL 61602 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX J. Grzybowski provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 622 EP 630 DI 10.1890/08-0499.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500012 PM 19425426 ER PT J AU Campbell, DE Lu, HF Knox, GA Odum, HT AF Campbell, Daniel E. Lu, Hong-Fang Knox, George A. Odum, Howard T. TI Maximizing empower on a human-dominated planet: The role of exotic Spartina SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Exotic Spartina; Emergy analysis; Energy Systems Theory; Maximum empower; Human-dominated planet; Salt marshes ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; WILLAPA BAY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; SMOOTH CORDGRASS; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; EMERGY EVALUATION; WASHINGTON-STATE; ACCRETION RATES; TIDAL MARSHES AB The emergy signature of the earth has changed dramatically over the past 250 years as a result of the development of technologies to use fossil fuels for human purposes. This change has resulted in the self-organization of modern industrial societies and their concomitant processes now dominate the earth. One such process is the transport of species from specific regions of the Earth, to which they were formerly confined, and their introduction to new territories. In this paper, we examine the role of exotic Spartina sp. in promoting the self-organization of coastal ecosystems for maximum empower on three coasts, Marlborough Sounds, NZ, Willapa Bay, WA, USA and Jiangsu Province, PRC. We found evidence to support the hypothesis that Spartina marsh maximizes empower through the building of new land in coastal environments that are dominated by an excess of sediment. Where excess sediments are present as a consequence of past geologic processes, and where a low marsh plant was absent, Spartina has been seen as an interloper to be destroyed. There is some evidence that given sufficient time, exotic Spartina marshes may increase productivity and diversity in these coastal systems, as well as those that are actively prograding. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved C1 [Lu, Hong-Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Campbell, Daniel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Knox, George A.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Odum, Howard T.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Lu, HF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM luhf@scbg.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [30600072]; Director's Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Atlantic Ecology Division, NHEERL, ORD [AED-08-049] FX Work on the S. anglica marsh in New Zealand was carried out with the assistance of Andrew Baxter, Elisabeth Odum, Phillip Reed, Kathleen Trimmer, Hudson Dean and Roger Waite. Field observations at Willapa Bay were carried out with David Specht of the Newport Oregon Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD). Our work on the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve was aided by Chen Jie, Qin Pei, Ren Hai and Zhang Xue-Qin. We thank Glen Thursby, Cathleen Wigand and Henry Walker for helpful internal reviews of the manuscript and Chung-Hsin Juan and C.A. Simenstad for helpful external reviews. The opinions expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not reflect the official opinions and policies of the USEPA. This paper is partly supported by Projects of the National Science Foundation of China (30600072) and the Director's Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and it is also contribution number AED-08-049 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, NHEERL, ORD. NR 146 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 463 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.022 PG 24 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 446RK UT WOS:000266138600005 ER PT J AU Liu, LL King, JS Giardina, CP Booker, FL AF Liu, Lingli King, John S. Giardina, Christian P. Booker, Fitzgerald L. TI The Influence of Chemistry, Production and Community Composition on Leaf Litter Decomposition Under Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Tropospheric O-3 in a Northern Hardwood Ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE condensed tannins; FACE; global change; lignin; litter productivity; mean residence time; plant community composition; soluble phenolics; soil carbon storage ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PAPER BIRCH COMMUNITIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREMBLING ASPEN; AND/OR O-3; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; YOUNG STANDS; OZONE; FOREST; PINE AB We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 and their interaction on leaf litter chemistry and decomposition in pure stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and mixed stands of birch (Betula papyrifera) and aspen at the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. A 935-day in situ incubation study was performed using litterbags filled with naturally senesced leaf litter. We found that elevated CO2 had no overall effects on litter decomposition rates, whereas elevated O-3 reduced litter mass loss (-13%) in the first year. The effect of O-3 on mass loss disappeared in the second year. For aspen litter but not mixed birch-aspen litter, decomposition rates were negatively correlated with initial concentrations of condensed tannins and phenolics. Most soluble components (94% of soluble sugars, 99% of condensed tannins, and 91% of soluble phenolics) and any treatment effects on their initial concentrations disappeared rapidly. However, the mean residence time (MRT) of birch-aspen litter (3.1 years) was significantly lower than that of aspen litter (4.8 years). Further, because of variation in total litterfall, total litter mass, C, lignin and N remaining in the ecosystem was highest under elevated CO2 and lowest under elevated O-3 during the incubation period. Our results indicate that elevated CO2 and O-3 can alter short-term litter decomposition dynamics, but longer-term effects will depend more on indirect effects mediated through changes in forest community composition. Treatment effects on soluble components are likely to influence cyclical microbial processes and carbon pulses in the ecosystem only when coupled with increased (CO2) or decreased (O-3) litter inputs. C1 [Liu, Lingli; King, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, PSW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Liu, Lingli] US EPA, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environ Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. EM lingliliu@hotmail.com RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62125, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Forest Service Northern Global Change Program and Northern Research Station; Michigan Technological University; Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service; USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program [2001-35107-11262, 2004-35102-16723] FX Aspen FACE is principally supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62125 to Michigan Technological University, and Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to Brookhaven National Laboratory, the U.S. Forest Service Northern Global Change Program and Northern Research Station, Michigan Technological University, and Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service. Additional support provided by USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program Nos. 2001-35107-11262 and 2004-35102-16723, USDA Forest Service the Northern Institute of Applied Carbon Science and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the Graduate School of North Carolina State University, the Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 401 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9231-y PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424EC UT WOS:000264547300005 ER PT J AU Granek, EF Compton, JE Phillips, DL AF Granek, Elise F. Compton, Jana E. Phillips, Donald L. TI Mangrove-Exported Nutrient Incorporation by Sessile Coral Reef Invertebrates SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bivalve; coral; macroalgae; mangrove forest; nutrient exchange; phytoplankton; seagrass; sponge; stable isotope ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PENAEID PRAWNS; RED MANGROVES; SEAGRASS BEDS; FISH; ESTUARY; CARBON AB Coastal mangrove forests were historically considered as a source of organic matter (OM) for adjacent marine systems due to high net primary production; yet recent research suggesting little uptake through the food web because of low nutritional quality, challenges the concept of trophic linkage between mangrove forests and coral reefs. To examine the importance of mangrove forests to coral reef nutrient availability, we examined sessile reef-forming invertebrate consumers including hard corals, sponges, a bivalve mollusc, polychaete annelid and tunicate, and potential sources of OM (decaying mangrove leaves, microalgae, macroalgae, and seagrass) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Using stable isotope analyses of delta S-34 and delta C-13 and a concentration-dependent version of the IsoSource mixing model, we were able to discriminate among and determine the range of potential contributions of our four OM sources to consumers. Contributions of microalgae and macroalgae were often indeterminate due to high variability, yet seagrass and mangrove contributions were often substantial. Mangrove OM ranged across sites and species of filter feeders from 0 to 57%, 7 to 41%, and 18 to 52% for sponges, file clams, and feather duster worms, respectively. Mangrove contribution to corals (Acropora cervicornis, Agaricia fragilis, Agaricia tenuifolia, Montastrea annularis, Diploria sp.) ranged from 0 to 44%. To examine whether OM contribution varied with distance from mangroves, we conducted a sponge transplant experiment that demonstrated declining mangrove contribution across three sponge species with increasing distance from the shore. These results supported the hypothesis of mangrove-coral reef nutrient linkages, providing the first evidence that mangrove inputs of OM to sessile invertebrates are substantial, accounting for 0-57% of the composition. C1 [Granek, Elise F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Granek, Elise F.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Compton, Jana E.; Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Granek, EF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM graneke@pdx.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 FU Fulbright Fellowship; NSF-GRF; Oregon State University Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program Fellowship; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution-Supplemental Research Award; Anchor Environmental Scholarship; OSU URISC and IURP Fellowships; Oregon State University FX We thank C. Diaz, B. Fry, B. Griffis, R. Brooks, S. Silva, R. Doucett, C. Kendall, S. Perez, V. Weis, and B. Hungate for their ideas, suggestions, interpretations, and assistance with the sample processing. We also thank K. Purcell, K. Frasier, N. Ehlers, A. Amat, and M. Brown for their assistance in the lab and field. This manuscript was significantly improved through discussions and input from V. Weis, B. Menge, J. Lubchenco, J. Benstead, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this study was provided by a Fulbright Fellowship, an NSF-GRF, an Oregon State University Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program Fellowship, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution-Supplemental Research Award, an Anchor Environmental Scholarship, OSU URISC and IURP Fellowships, a Department of Zoology Research Fellowship from Oregon State University, and in-kind support from the USGS Menlo Park Laboratory and the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division. This manuscript has been subjected to US EPA's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 462 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9235-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424EC UT WOS:000264547300009 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Hinchey, EK Boehme, SE Daughton, CG Ruhoy, IS Conerly, O Daniels, RL Lauer, L McCarthy, M Nettesheim, TG Sykes, K Thompson, VG AF Glassmeyer, Susan T. Hinchey, Elizabeth K. Boehme, Susan E. Daughton, Christian G. Ruhoy, Ilene S. Conerly, Octavia Daniels, Rebecca L. Lauer, Lisa McCarthy, Meg Nettesheim, Todd G. Sykes, Kathy Thompson, Virginia G. TI Disposal practices for unwanted residential medications in the United States SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceutical; Drugs; Medications; Discard; Disposal; Household hazardous wastes; Unwanted ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; ENVIRONMENTAL DISPOSITION; PHARMACEUTICALS; DRUGS; TRANSPORT; STREAMS; FISH; VULNERABILITY AB The occurrence of trace levels of prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals in the environment began to receive concerted attention nearly two decades ago. The public's growing awareness and concern over the presence of these chemicals, especially in drinking water. has served to catalyze considerable discussion and debate regarding the best practices for disposal of unused or unwanted medications. In the United States, the first federal guidance for consumers was issued in 2007. It recommends discarding unused pharmaceuticals to household trash. after taking precautions to mix the pharmaceuticals with an inert substance and conceal the contents from view. Providing the consumer with additional options for conscientious disposal are various community, city, and state collection events, ongoing programs, and government-funded pilot projects. These strategies include the opportunity to mail or bring unused medications to various collection points, such as pharmacies, for eventual destruction. All of these approaches to medication disposal play roles in reducing the introduction of pharmaceuticals to the environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hinchey, Elizabeth K.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boehme, Susan E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Daughton, Christian G.; Ruhoy, Ilene S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Conerly, Octavia] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Daniels, Rebecca L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lauer, Lisa; McCarthy, Meg] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nettesheim, Todd G.] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Sykes, Kathy] US EPA, Off Administrator, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thompson, Virginia G.] US EPA, Reg 3, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 566 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 432ZL UT WOS:000265172900021 PM 19081631 ER PT J AU Samara, F Gullett, BK Harrison, RO Chu, A Clark, GC AF Samara, Fatin Gullett, Brian K. Harrison, Robert O. Chu, Andrew Clark, George C. TI Determination of relative assay response factors for toxic chlorinated and brominated dioxins/furans using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a chemically-activated luciferase gene expression cell bioassay (CALUX) SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE PBDD/F; PCDD/F; PBCDD/F; CALUX; ELISA; Dioxin-like activity ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS TEFS; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; FLAME RETARDANTS; P-DIOXINS; RECEPTOR; SAMPLES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TETRABROMODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Determination of toxic activity requires knowledge of both the concentration and toxicity to evaluate the risk for adverse human health and environmental effects. A chemically-activated luciferase gene expression cell bioassay system (CALUX) and an antibody-based method enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were used to detect the dioxin-like response of several polybrominated, polychlorinated, and polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDDs/Fs, PCDDs/Fs, and PBCDDs/Fs, respectively). It has been suggested that the biological activity of the brominated and mixed bromo/chloro compounds is similar to their chlorinated analogues (measured by binding to the Ah receptor). PBDD/F, PCDD/F, and PBCDD/F laboratory standards exhibited biological activity ranging over three orders of magnitude. The highest relative potency (REP) values from CALUX analysis, when compared to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, were 2,3,7,8-TBDD at 0.99 (+/- 0.07), 1,2,3,7,8=PeCDD at 0.69, and 2-Br-3,7,8-TriCDD at 0.72 (+/- 0.02). Cross-reactivities were calculated using EIA for several PBDDs/Fs and PBCDDs. The highest percent cross-reactivity was found for 2,3,7,8-TBDD at 138 (+/- 34%), and 2,3,7-TriBDD at 84 (+/- 36%). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Samara, Fatin; Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Harrison, Robert O.] Cape Technol, Portland, ME 04106 USA. [Chu, Andrew; Clark, George C.] Xenobiot Detect Syst Inc, Durham, NC 27704 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC; Xenobiotic Detection Systems, Durham, NC FX The authors of this paper would like to acknowledge Dennis Tabor (U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC) and John Gordon (Xenobiotic Detection Systems, Durham, NC) for their comments on the manuscript and help with data analysis. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.11.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 432ZL UT WOS:000265172900024 PM 19121869 ER PT J AU Weisel, CP Richardson, SD Nemery, B Aggazzotti, G Baraldi, E Blatchley, ER Blount, BC Carlsen, KH Eggleston, PA Frimmel, FH Goodman, M Gordon, G Grinshpun, SA Heederik, D Kogevinas, M LaKind, JS Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Piper, FC Sattar, SA AF Weisel, Clifford P. Richardson, Susan D. Nemery, Benoit Aggazzotti, Gabriella Baraldi, Eugenio Blatchley, Ernest R., III Blount, Benjamin C. Carlsen, Kai-Hakon Eggleston, Peyton A. Frimmel, Fritz H. Goodman, Michael Gordon, Gilbert Grinshpun, Sergey A. Heederik, Dirk Kogevinas, Manolis LaKind, Judy S. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Piper, Fontaine C. Sattar, Syed A. TI Childhood Asthma and Environmental Exposures at Swimming Pools: State of the Science and Research Recommendations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE aerosols; biologics; childhood asthma; DBPs; disinfection by-products; epidemiology; study design; swimming pools ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; CHLORINATED POOL; ELITE SWIMMERS; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have explored the potential for swimming pool disinfection by-products (DBPS), which are respiratory irritants, to cause asthma in young children. Here we describe the state of the science on methods for understanding children's exposure to DBPs and biologics at swimming pools and associations with new-onset childhood asthma and recommend a research agenda to improve our understanding of this issue. DATA SOURCES: A workshop was held in Leuven, Belgium, 21-23 August 2007, to evaluate the literature and to develop a research agenda to better understand children's exposures in the swimming pool environment and their potential associations with new-onset asthma. Participants, including clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure scientists, pool operations experts, and chemists, reviewed the literature, prepared background summaries, and held extensive discussions on the relevant published studies, knowledge of asthma characterization and exposures at swimming pools, and epidemiologic study designs. SYNTHESIS: Childhood swimming and new-onset childhood asthma have clear implications for public health. If attendance at indoor pools increases risk of childhood asthma, then concerns are warranted and action is necessary. If there is no such relationship, these concerns could unnecessarily deter children from indoor swimming and/or compromise water disinfection. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence of an association between childhood swimming and new-onset asthma is suggestive but not conclusive. Important data gaps need to be filled, particularly in exposure assessment and characterization of asthma in the very young. Participants recommended that additional evaluations using a multidisciplinary approach are needed to determine whether a dear association exists. C1 [Weisel, Clifford P.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Nemery, Benoit] Catholic Univ Leuven, Res Unit Lung Toxicol, Lab Pneumol, Louvain, Belgium. [Aggazzotti, Gabriella] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Sci Sanita Pubbl, Modena, Italy. [Baraldi, Eugenio] Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Unit Allergy & Resp Med, Padua, Italy. [Blatchley, Ernest R., III] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carlsen, Kai-Hakon] Univ Oslo, Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway. [Eggleston, Peyton A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Frimmel, Fritz H.] Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, Dept Water Chem, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Goodman, Michael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gordon, Gilbert] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Grinshpun, Sergey A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Heederik, Dirk] Univ Utrecht, Netherlands Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM Hosp Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Univ Crete, Sch Med, Iraklion, Greece. [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. [Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.] Parc Recerca Biomed Barcelona, Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. [Piper, Fontaine C.] Truman State Univ, Educ Comm Natl Swimming Pool Fdn, Bushkill, PA USA. [Sattar, Syed A.] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ctr Res Environm Microbiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Weisel, CP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Room 314,170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM weisel@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Aggazzotti, Gabriella/P-5046-2015; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; OI Aggazzotti, Gabriella/0000-0002-2497-9941; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981; BARALDI, EUGENIO/0000-0002-1829-3652 FU World Chlorine Council; DuPont Experimental Station; National Swimming Pool Foundation; American Chemistry Council FX All participants received support for travel and/or lodging, and C.P.W., G.A., E.B., E.R.B., K.-H.C., P.A.E., F.H.F., M.G., G.G., S.G., D.H., F.C.P., and S.S. also received an honorarium. The Research Unit of Lung Toxicology of the Catholic University of Leuven received an honorarium, and J.S.L. received support for her role as workshop facilitator firm the Research foundation for Health and Environment, and consults to industry and government. E.R.B. has received grants for research on swimming pool chemistry from DuPont Experimental Station, the National Swimming Pool Foundation, and the American Chemistry Council. S.A.S.'s academic center receives research contracts from makers of environmental surface disinfectants and hand antiseptics; he advises many such companies through his company Canlinks International, and is on the board of directors of Virox Tech. The other authors declare they have no competing financial interests. NR 86 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1289/ehp.11513 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500021 PM 19440486 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Mueller, ND Martinovic, D Makynen, EA Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Cavallin, JE Bencic, D Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Mueller, Nathaniel D. Martinovic, Dalma Makynen, Elizabeth A. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Cavallin, Jenna E. Bencic, David Ankley, Gerald T. TI Direct Effects, Compensation, and Recovery in Female Fathead Minnows Exposed to a Model Aromatase Inhibitor SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adaptation; endocrine disruption; estradiol; fadrozole; fish; gene expression; reproduction; steroid biosynthesis; vitellogenin ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; FISH GONADOTROPINS; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; SUBUNIT GENES; PAGRUS-MAJOR; RED SEABREAM; IN-VITRO AB BACKGROUND: Several chemicals in the environment have the potential to inhibit aromatase, an enzyme critical to estrogen synthesis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to provide a detailed characterization of molecular and biochemical responses of female fathead minnows to a model aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole (FAD). METHODS: Fish here exposed via water to 0, 3, or 30 mu g FAD/L for 8 days and then held in clean water for 8 days, with samples collected at four time points during each 8-day period. We quantified ex vivo steroid production, plasma steroids, and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) concentrations and analyzed relative transcript abundance of 10 key regulatory genes in ovaries and 3 in pituitary tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Ex vivo 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) production and plasma E-2 and Vtg concentrations were significantly reduced after a single day of exposure to 3 mu g or 30 mu g FAD/L. However, plasma E-2 concentrations recovered by the eighth day of exposure in the 3-mu g/L group and within 1 day of cessation of exposure in the 30-mu g/L group, indicating concentration- and time-dependent physiologic compensation and recovery. Concentration-dependent increases in transcripts coding for aromatase (A isoform), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage, steroidogenic acute regulator), protein, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor all coincided with increased E-2 production and recovery of plasma E-2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this research highlight the need to consider compensation/adaptation and recovery when developing and interpreting short-term bioassays or biomarkers or when trying to predict the effects of chemical exposures based on mode of action. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Martinovic, Dalma; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Kahl, Michael D.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Bencic, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010 FU U.S. EPA; National Center for Computational Toxicology FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology. NR 41 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1289/ehp.11891 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500038 PM 19440503 ER PT J AU Burke, TA Dominici, F Fox, M White, RH Cote, I Hattis, DB Samet, JM White, PD Zeise, L AF Burke, Thomas A. Dominici, Francesca Fox, Mary White, Ronald H. Cote, Ila Hattis, Dale B. Samet, Jonathan M. White, Paul D. Zeise, Lauren TI Linear Low-Dose Extrapolation for Noncancer Responses Is Not Generally Appropriate Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; AIR-POLLUTION C1 [Burke, Thomas A.; Dominici, Francesca; Fox, Mary; White, Ronald H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cote, Ila] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hattis, Dale B.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Samet, Jonathan M.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [White, Paul D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zeise, Lauren] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Burke, TA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM rwhite@jhsph.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP A142 EP A143 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800329R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500005 ER PT J AU Heberling, MT Templeton, JJ AF Heberling, Matthew T. Templeton, Joshua J. TI Estimating the Economic Value of National Parks with Count Data Models Using On-Site, Secondary Data: The Case of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Travel cost model; On-site sampling; National Parks; Consumer surplus ID MULTIPLE DESTINATION TRIPS; ENDOGENOUS STRATIFICATION; TRAVEL COST; RECREATION; TRUNCATION; REGRESSION; VALUATION; BENEFITS; DEMAND AB We estimate an individual travel cost model for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GSD) in Colorado using on-site, secondary data. The purpose of the on-site survey was to help the National Park Service better understand the visitors of GSD; it was not intended for a travel cost model. Variables such as travel cost and income were estimated based on respondents' Zip Codes. Following approaches found in the literature, a negative binomial model corrected for truncation and endogenous stratification fit the data the best. We estimate a recreational benefit of U.S. $89/visitor/year or U.S. $54/visitor/24-h recreational day (in 2002 U.S. $). Based on the approach presented here, there are other data sets for national parks, preserves, and battlefields where travel cost models could be estimated and used to support National Park Service management decisions. C1 [Heberling, Matthew T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Templeton, Joshua J.] US Dept Transportat, Econ & Ind Anal Div, Volpe Natl Transportat Syst Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Heberling, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM heberling.matt@epa.gov OI Heberling, Matthew/0000-0003-1120-612X FU National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council FX We would like to thank James Gramann, Art Hutchinson, Fred Bunch, Daniel Stynes, Margaret Littlejohn, David Vollmer, Lena Le, and Megan McBride for their helpful comments related to the NPS, GSD, VSP, and use of the VSP data sets. We also acknowledge Roberto Martinez-Espineira for providing insight into estimation of count data models corrected for truncation and endogenous stratification. We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the manuscript. Any errors are those of the present authors. Joshua Templeton would like to acknowledge that part of this research was conducted under a postdoctoral research associateship provided by the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. The views expressed herein are strictly the opinions of the authors and in no manner represent or reflect current or planned policy by the federal agencies. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9149-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418UT UT WOS:000264175600006 PM 18506513 ER PT J AU Stander, EK Ehrenfeld, JG AF Stander, Emilie K. Ehrenfeld, Joan G. TI Rapid Assessment of Urban Wetlands: Do Hydrogeomorphic Classification and Reference Criteria Work? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Urban; Denitrification; HGM; Reference standard ID FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FORESTED WETLANDS; RIPARIAN ZONES; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; WATER WETLANDS; STREAM-CHANNEL; NEW-JERSEY; MITIGATION; URBANIZATION; DENITRIFICATION AB The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional assessment method is predicated on the ability of hydrogeomorphic wetland classification and visual assessment of alteration to provide reference standards against which functions in individual wetlands can be evaluated. The effectiveness of this approach was tested by measuring nitrogen cycling functions in forested wetlands in an urbanized region in New Jersey, USA. Fourteen sites represented three HGM classes and were characterized as "least disturbed reference" or "non-reference" based on initial visual assessment. Water table levels and in situ rates of net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrification, and denitrification were measured over one year in each site. Hydrological alterations, resulting in consistently low or flashy water table levels, were not correlated with a priori designations as reference and non-reference. Although the flat-riverine wetland class had lower net nitrification and higher denitrification rates than riverine or mineral flat wetland classes, this difference was attributable to the lack of hydrologically-altered wetlands in the flat-riverine class, and thus more consistently wet conditions. Within all HGM classes, a classification based on the long-term hydrological record that separated sites with "normal," saturated hydrology from those with "altered," drier hydrology, clearly distinguished sites with different nitrogen cycling function. Based on these findings, current practices for designating reference standard sites to judge wetland functions, at least in urbanized regions, are ineffective and potentially misleading. At least one year of hydrological monitoring data is suggested to classify wetlands into groups that have different nutrient cycling functions, particularly in urban landscapes. C1 [Stander, Emilie K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Stander, Emilie K.; Ehrenfeld, Joan G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Stander, EK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM stander.emilie@epa.gov FU USGS/NIWR [00HQR0088]; New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute; EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship FX The authors thank Robert Hamilton, IV, Dave Lewis, Manisha Patel, Dave Berry, Ryan Sklar, Seth Davis, Ann Lang, Adira Rybandt, Tammy Gotsch, and Kim Spiegel for assistance with field data collection and laboratory analyses and Monica Palta for assistance with data analysis. We also thank Peter Groffman, Tamar Barkay, and Wei-Xing Zhu for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by USGS/NIWR Grant 00HQR0088 and the New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute. E. Stander was also supported on an EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship for a portion of this study. This document has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Use of trade, brand, or firm names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 725 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9211-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418UT UT WOS:000264175600014 PM 18850244 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Vivian, DN Yee, SH Santavy, DL AF Barron, Mace G. Vivian, Deborah N. Yee, Susan H. Santavy, Deborah L. TI Methods to estimate solar radiation dosimetry in coral reefs using remote sensed, modeled, and in situ data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Solar radiation; Dosimetry; Coral; Modeling; Attenuation ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY AB Solar irradiance has been increasingly recognized as an important determinant of bleaching in coral reefs, but measurements of solar radiation exposure within coral reefs have been relatively limited. Solar radiation dosimetry within multiple coral reef areas of South Florida was assessed using remote sensed, modeled, and measured values during a minor bleaching event during August 2005. Coral reefs in the Dry Tortugas and Upper Keys had similar diffuse downwelling attenuation coefficients (Kd, m(-1)), whereas Kd values were significantly greater in the Middle and Lower Keys. Mean 1% attenuation depths varied by reef region for ultraviolet B (UVB; 9.7 to 20 m), ultraviolet A (UVA; 22 to 40 m) and visible (27 to 43 m) solar radiation. Solar irradiances determined from remote sensed data were significantly correlated with measured values, but were generally overestimated at the depth of corals. Solar irradiances modeled using an atmospheric radiative transfer model parameterized with site specific approximations of cloud cover showed close agreement with measured values. Estimated daily doses (W h/m(2)) of UVB (0.01-19), UVA (2-360) and visible (29-1,653) solar radiation varied with coral depth (2 to 24 m) and meteorological conditions. These results indicate large variation in solar radiation dosimetry within coral reefs that may be estimated with reasonable accuracy using regional Kd measurements and radiative transfer modeling. C1 [Barron, Mace G.; Vivian, Deborah N.; Yee, Susan H.; Santavy, Deborah L.] US EPA, GED, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov FU Dry Tortugas National Park [DRTO-2005- SCI-0010]; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary [FKNMS-2003-050] FX Thanks to the crew of the NOAA ship Nancy Foster for vessel support and technical assistance, to Alex Almario and Peggy Harris for assistance with solar radiation measurements, and to Steve Diamond for reviewing a draft of the manuscript. This work was conducted under research permits from Dry Tortugas National Park No. DRTO-2005- SCI-0010 and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary no. FKNMS-2003-050. This manuscript is contribution number 1305 of the Gulf Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, and has been reviewed according to policy, but the information in this document does not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2009 VL 151 IS 1-4 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0288-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413ZD UT WOS:000263832800043 PM 18581248 ER PT J AU Shinyashiki, M Eiguren-Fernandez, A Schmitz, DA Di Stefano, E Li, N Linak, WP Cho, SH Froines, JR Cho, AK AF Shinyashiki, Masaru Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza Schmitz, Debra A. Di Stefano, Emma Li, Ning Linak, William P. Cho, Seung-Hyun Froines, John R. Cho, Arthur K. TI Electrophilic and redox properties of diesel exhaust particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diesel exhaust particles; Electrophiles; Redox activity; Humic-like substances; Dithiothreitol; GAPDH ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CATALYZED OXIDATION; SRM 1649A; QUINONES; CELLS; GENERATION AB The adverse health effects of air pollutants have been associated with their redox and electrophilic properties. Although the specific chemical species involved in these effects are not known, the characterization of their general physical and chemical properties is important to our understanding of the mechanisms by which they cause health problems. This manuscript describes results of a study examining the partition properties of these activities in aqueous and organic media. The water and dichloromethane (DCM) solubility of redox active and electrophilic constituents of seven diesel exhaust particle (DEP) samples were determined with assays developed earlier in this laboratory. The constituents exhibiting redox activity, which included both metals and nonmetal species, were associated with the particles in the aqueous suspensions. Portions of the redox active compounds were also DCM-soluble. In contrast, the electrophilic constituents included both water-soluble and DCM-soluble species. The role of quinones or quinone-like compounds in redox and electrophilic activities of the DCM-soluble constituents was assessed by reductive acetylation, a procedure that inactivates quinones. The results from this experiment indicated that most of the activities in the organic extract were associated with quinone-like substances. The partition properties of the reactive species are important in exposure assessment since the toxicokinetics of particles and solutes are quite distinct. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Froines, John R.; Cho, Arthur K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Shinyashiki, Masaru; Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza; Schmitz, Debra A.; Di Stefano, Emma; Froines, John R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Li, Ning] David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Nanomed, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Linak, William P.; Cho, Seung-Hyun] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shinyashiki, Masaru; Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza; Schmitz, Debra A.; Di Stefano, Emma; Froines, John R.; Cho, Arthur K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, So Calif Particle Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cho, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Box 951772,21-297 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM Acho@mednet.ucla.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [CR-82805901]; Asthma and Outdoor Air Quality Consortium of the South Coast Air Quality Management District [040621]; Southern California Environmental Health Science Consortium (SCEHSC) [5P30 ES07048]; NIEHS FX Funding source: The research described in this article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Grant no. CR-82805901 to UCLA. While the EPA co-authors collected the DEP samples under an approved quality assurance project plan, the subsequent analyses have not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review. The contents of this article should not be construed to represent Agency policy and no official endorsement should be inferred, The work has also been supported by The Asthma and Outdoor Air Quality Consortium of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (Sponsor award no.: 040621), and by the Southern California Environmental Health Science Consortium (SCEHSC) 5P30 ES07048 (funded by NIEHS). NR 32 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 109 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.12.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 426JT UT WOS:000264704800006 PM 19200952 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Desetto, LM Davis, GM AF Duirk, Stephen E. Desetto, Lisa M. Davis, Gary M. TI Transformation of Organophosphorus Pesticides in the Presence of Aqueous Chlorine: Kinetics, Pathways, and Structure-Activity Relationships SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING S-TRIAZINES; NATURAL-WATERS; DEGRADATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; OZONATION; REMOVAL AB The fate of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides in the presence of aqueous chlorine was investigated under simulated drinking water treatment conditions. Intrinsic rate coefficients were found for the reaction of hypochlorous acid (k(HOCl,OP)) and hypochlorite ion (k(OCl,OP)) for several OP pesticides. The reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with each OP pesticide was relatively rapid near neutral pH, k(HOCl,OP) = 0.86 - 3.56 x 10(6) M(-1)h(-1). HOCl reacts at the thiophosphate (P = S) moiety of the OP pesticide resuffing in the formation of the corresponding oxon (P = 0), which is more toxic than the parent pesticide. Hypochlorite ion (OCl(-)) was found not to oxidize OP pesticides but act like a nucleophile accelerating hydrolysis, k(OCl,OP) = 37.3-15 910 M(-1)h(-1). Both the k(HOCl,OP) and the k(OCl,OP) were found to correlate well with molecular descriptors within each subgroup of the OP pesticide class. A model was developed to predict the transformation of OP pesticides in the presence of aqueous chlorine. With hydrolysis rate coefficients, the transformation of OP pesticides under drinking water treatment conditions was found to be adequately predicted. The structure-activity relationships and model developed here could be used by risk assessors to determine exposure to OP pesticides and their transformation products in potable water. C1 [Duirk, Stephen E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Duirk, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk.stephen@epa.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2335 EP 2340 DI 10.1021/es802868y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600033 PM 19452883 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Hubal, EAC Clausen, PA Little, JC AF Xu, Ying Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Clausen, Per A. Little, John C. TI Predicting Residential Exposure to Phthalate Plasticizer Emitted from Vinyl Flooring: A Mechanistic Analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOOR AIR; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; DYNAMIC-BEHAVIOR; DUST; EMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; PVC; NICOTINE; CHAMBER AB A two-room model is developed to estimate the emission rate of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) from vinyl flooring and the evolving gas-phase and adsorbed surface concentrations in a realistic indoor environment Because the DEHP emission rate measured in a test chamber may be quite different from the emission rate from the same material in the indoor environment, the model provides a convenient means to predict emissions and transport in a more realistic setting. Adsorption isotherms for phthalates and plasticizers on interior surfaces, such as carpet, wood, dust, and human skin, are derived from previous field and laboratory studies. Log-linear relationships between equilibrium parameters and chemical vapor pressure are obtained. The predicted indoor air DEHP concentration at steady state is 0.15 mu g/m(3). Room I reaches steady state within about one year, while the adjacent room reaches steady state about three months later. Ventilation rate has a strong influence on DEHP emission rate while total suspended particle concentration has a substantial impact on gas-phase concentration. Exposure to DEHP via inhalation, dermal absorption, and oral ingestion of dust is evaluated. The model clarifies the mechanisms that govern the release of DEHP from vinyl flooring and the subsequent interactions with interior surfaces, airborne particles, dust, and human skin. Although further model development, parameter identification, and model validation are needed, our preliminary model provides a mechanistic framework that elucidates exposure pathways for phthalate plasticizers, and can most likely be adapted to predict emissions and transport of other semivolatile organic compounds, such as brominated flame retardants and biocides, in a residential environment. C1 [Xu, Ying; Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clausen, Per A.] Natl Res Ctr Working Environm, New Technol Grp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Little, JC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jcl@vt.edu RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; OI Clausen, Per Axel/0000-0003-0217-6563 FU National Science Foundation [CBET 0504167] FX Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (CBET 0504167). We thank Peter Egeghy at EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory for his assistance with the CTEPP database, and John Kissel, Linsey Mart, Bill Nazaroff, and Charlie Weschler for their useful comments on the draft manuscript. This paper has been subjected to U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2374 EP 2380 DI 10.1021/es801354f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600039 PM 19452889 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Gilliam, RC Appel, KW Napelenok, SL Foley, KM Gilliland, AB AF Pinder, Robert W. Gilliam, Robert C. Appel, K. Wyat Napelenok, Sergey L. Foley, Kristen M. Gilliland, Alice B. TI Efficient Probabilistic Estimates of Surface Ozone Concentration Using an Ensemble of Model Configurations and Direct Sensitivity Calculations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL; EMISSIONS; FORECAST AB Because all models are a simplification of the phenomenon they aim to represent, it is often more useful to estimate the probability of an event rather than a single "best" model result. Previous air quality ensemble approaches have used computationally expensive simulations of separately developed modeling systems. We present an efficient method to generate ensembles with hundreds of members based on several structural configurations of a single air quality modeling system. We use the Decoupled Direct Method in three dimensions to directly calculate how ozone concentrations change as a result of changes in input parameters. The modeled probability estimate is compared to observations and is shown to have a high level of skill and improved resolution and sharpness. This approach can help resolve the practical limits of incorporating uncertainty estimation into deterministic air quality management modeling applications. C1 [Pinder, Robert W.; Gilliam, Robert C.; Appel, K. Wyat; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Foley, Kristen M.; Gilliland, Alice B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, USEPA Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2388 EP 2393 DI 10.1021/es8025402 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600041 PM 19452891 ER PT J AU Garcia-Reyero, N Villeneuve, DL Kroll, KJ Liu, L Orlando, EF Watanabe, KH Sepulveda, MS Ankley, GT Denslow, ND AF Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Villeneuve, Daniel L. . Kroll, Kevin J. Liu, Li Orlando, Edward F. Watanabe, Karen H. Sepulveda, Maria S. Ankley, Gerald T. . Denslow, Nancy D. TI Expression Signatures for a Model Androgen and Antiandrogen in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Ovary SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; TRANSCRIPTION; FLUTAMIDE; MICROARRAY; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; STEROIDOGENESIS; ENDOCRINOLOGY AB Trenbolone, an anabolic androgen, and flutamide, an antiandrogen, are prototypical model compounds for agonism and antagonism of the androgen receptor. We hypothesized that 48 h exposures of female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to environmentally relevant concentrations of these chemicals would alter genes regulated by the androgen receptor and that a mixture of the two compounds would block the effects. Gene expression in the ovaries was analyzed using a fathead minnow-specific 22 000-gene microarray. Flutamide altered about twice the number of genes as trenbolone, most of which appeared to be through pathways not associated with the androgen receptor. A group of 70 genes, of which we could identify 37, were reciprocally regulated by trenbolone and flutamide. These are candidates for specific biomarkers for androgen receptor mediated gene expression. Four genes stand out as specifically related to reproduction: sperm associated antigen 8 (SPAG8), CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3 beta-HSD). Three notable transcriptional regulators including myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue (MYC), Yin Yang 1 (YY1), and interferon regulator factor 1 (IRF1) may function as early molecular switches to control phenotypic changes in ovary tissue architecture and function in response to androgen or antiandrogen exposure. C1 [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Kroll, Kevin J.; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L. .; Ankley, Gerald T. .] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Med, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Liu, Li] Univ Florida, ICBR, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndenslow@ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR; EPA [R831848]; Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Technology [EX-2004-0986]; EPA National Cente FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant, EPA (R831848), by a fellowship to N G-R from the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Technology (EX-2004-0986), and the EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology. We Would like to thank E. Durban, K. Jensen, M. Kahl, and E. Makyrien for expert help with the fathead minnow exposures. N.D. holds equity in EcoArray, Inc., a company commercializing the microarray technology. She may benefit ftom this technology by receiving royalties and equity growth. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2614 EP 2619 DI 10.1021/es8024484 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600076 PM 19452925 ER PT J AU Perron, MM Burgess, RM Ho, KT Pelletier, MC Friedman, CL Cantwell, MG Shine, JP AF Perron, Monique M. Burgess, Robert M. Ho, Kay T. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Friedman, Carey L. Cantwell, Mark G. Shine, James P. TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF REVERSE POLYETHYLENE SAMPLERS FOR MARINE PHASE II WHOLE-SEDIMENT TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Toxicity identification evaluations; Nonionic organic contaminants; Polyethylene samplers ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; NONIONIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ULVA-LACTUCA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AMMONIA TOXICITY; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; CONTAMINANTS; TOXICANTS; HARBOR AB Marine and estuarine sediments accumulate contaminants and act as a sink for a wide range of toxic chemicals. As a result, the sediments themselves can become a source of contamination. At sufficient levels, contaminated sediments can cause benthic impairments and toxicity to marine organisms. Among the wide range of contaminants, nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs) are a primary cause of toxicity in marine sediments. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) are used to characterize and identify chemicals causing toxicity in effluents, interstitial waters, and whole sediments using whole-organism endpoints. Phase I whole-sediment TIE methods for NOCs exist, but the development of phase II TIE methods for NOCs is a current research challenge. In the present study, the use of reverse polyethylene samplers (RePES) for phase II methods is examined. Various RePES designs were evaluated in an experimental design study with NOC chemical solutions. Based on equilibration time and proximity of measured NOC water concentrations in the reconstituted system to theoretical concentrations, a nontriolein design with loading of chemical solutions on the inside of the polyethylene tubing was chosen as most effective. A partitioning study demonstrated NOCs partitioned between the RePES and water as well as between the water and air, as expected using this nontriolein RePES design. Finally, a sediment toxicity study comparing the nontriolein RePES to contaminant-spiked sediments was conducted. The nontriolein RePES design was capable of successfully recreating the toxicity and water concentrations observed with the intact sediments. C1 [Perron, Monique M.; Shine, James P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Burgess, Robert M.; Ho, Kay T.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Cantwell, Mark G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Friedman, Carey L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Perron, MM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mperron@hsph.harvard.edu FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Harvard School of Public Health FX We would like to thank Helen Suh and Christopher Paciorek for their advice and feedback. We would also like to thank Jonathan Serbst and Stephan Ryba for their technical assistance. This research was funded, in part, by a student services contract from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as a toxicology training grant from Harvard School of Public Health. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1897/08-229.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 416ZS UT WOS:000264044700008 PM 19006439 ER PT J AU Johns, SM Kane, MD Denslow, ND Watanabe, KH Orlando, EF Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Johns, Sonia M. Kane, Michael D. Denslow, Nancy D. Watanabe, Karen H. Orlando, Edward F. Villeneuve, Dan L. Ankley, Gerald T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ONTOGENETIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Fathead minnow; Fish early life stages; Gene expression; qPCR ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; DANIO-RERIO; THYROID-HORMONE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; VITELLOGENIN GENES; MESSENGER-RNA; ZEBRAFISH; FISH AB Recently, researchers have begun looking at changes in gene expression in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) after contaminant exposure as a way to develop biomarkers of exposure and effects. However, the bulk of this research has been conducted on adults, with few studies focusing on early life stages. Expression of selected genes important in growth, development, and reproduction in teleosts was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction during different developmental time periods (from 0 to 28 d postfertilization [dpf]). Over the developmental period studied, there was a significant up-regulation of growth hormone mRNA and no significant changes in the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1. Thyroid hormone receptors A and B were detected in 4 dpf embryos and their expression stayed relatively constant. The variation in cytochrome P45019A mRNA expression was large during the first week of development, returning to 0 dpf expression levels thereafter. Estrogen receptor 2B was up-regulated during the first three weeks postfertilization, returning to prehatch values by 28 dpf. Expression of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3B and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein increased after the third or fourth week postfertilization, respectively. Vitellogenin exhibited a large degree of variation within time points, especially after day 15, and a significant up-regulation for this gene was observed at 7 and 10 dpf. Knowledge of the normal changes in gene expression during embryo and larval development will allow for better experimental design and selection of suitable biomarkers when testing the potential toxicological effects of contaminants in this model fish species. C1 [Johns, Sonia M.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Kane, Michael D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Villeneuve, Dan L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Cooperative Agreement to the University of Florida; Oregon Health and Science University; Purdue University; Florida Atlantic University; U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results [RD-83184801-0] FX We thank Bob Rode, laboratory manager for the aquatic research facility, and many students (N. Barton, L. Henneberger, K. Ralston-Hopper, G. Laban, B. Lowry, A. McAlexander, R. Morehouse, and B. Sanchez) for their help with the maintenance of the fathead minnow colony. We also want to thank the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, for supporting S. Johns with a research assistantship. This research was supported in part by a Cooperative Agreement to the University of Florida (N. D. Denslow); Oregon Health and Science University (K. H. Watanabe); Purdue University (M. S. Sepulveda); and Florida Atlantic University (E. F. Orlando); from the U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results program (STAR; Assistance Agreement RD-83184801-0). The research described in this article does not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. EPA, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 873 EP 880 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 416ZS UT WOS:000264044700021 PM 19391683 ER PT J AU Knightes, CD Sunderland, EM Barber, MC Johnston, JM Ambrose, RB AF Knightes, Christopher D. Sunderland, Elsie M. Barber, M. Craig Johnston, John M. Ambrose, Robert B., Jr. TI APPLICATION OF ECOSYSTEM-SCALE FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION MODELS TO PREDICT FISH MERCURY RESPONSE TIMES TO CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Models; Response times; Ecosystem; Mercury; Fish ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NATURAL-WATERS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CARSON RIVER; MASS-BALANCE; LAKES; METHYLATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS AB Management strategies for controlling anthropogenic mercury emissions require understanding how ecosystems will respond to changes in atmospheric mercury deposition. Process-based mathematical models are valuable tools for informing such decisions, because measurement data often are sparse and cannot be extrapolated to investigate the environmental impacts of different policy options. Here, we bring together previously developed and evaluated modeling frameworks for watersheds, water bodies, and food web bioaccumulation of mercury. We use these models to investigate the timescales required for mercury levels in predatory fish to change in response to altered mercury inputs. We model declines in water, sediment, and fish mercury concentrations across five ecosystems spanning a range of physical and biological conditions, including a farm pond, a seepage lake, a stratified lake, a drainage lake, and a coastal plain river. Results illustrate that temporal lags are longest for watershed-dominated systems (like the coastal plain river) and shortest for shallow water bodies (like the seepage lake) that receive most of their mercury from deposition directly to the water surface. All ecosystems showed responses in two phases: A relatively rapid initial decline in mercury concentrations (20-60% of steady-state values) over one to three decades, followed by a slower descent lasting for decades to centuries. Response times are variable across ecosystem types and are highly affected by sediment burial rates and active layer depths in systems not dominated by watershed inputs. Additional research concerning watershed processes driving mercury dynamics and empirical data regarding sediment dynamics in freshwater bodies are critical for improving the predictive capability of process-based mercury models used to inform regulatory decisions. C1 [Knightes, Christopher D.; Barber, M. Craig; Johnston, John M.; Ambrose, Robert B., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Knightes, CD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM knightes.chris@epa.gov RI Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Statements in this publication reflect the authors' professional views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. C. D. Knightes and E. M. Sunderland contributed equally to this work. We thank O. Russell Bullock (U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC), Curtis Pollman (Frontier Geosciences, Seattle, WA), Tim Wool (U.S. EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA), Lourdes Prieto (U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Athens, GA), and two anonymous reviewers. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 52 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 881 EP 893 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 416ZS UT WOS:000264044700022 PM 19391686 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. TI A new method to quantify core temperature instability in rodents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 788.17 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621500710 ER PT J AU Suter, GW AF Suter, Glenn W., II TI Causal inference for ecological impairments SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP 129 EP 129 DI 10.1890/09.WB.009 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430GT UT WOS:000264977600017 ER PT J AU Reif, M Frohn, RC Lane, CR Autrey, B AF Reif, Molly Frohn, Robert C. Lane, Charles R. Autrey, Brad TI Mapping Isolated Wetlands in a Karst Landscape: GIS and Remote Sensing Methods SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; TM DATA; IMAGERY; AREAS; SEGMENTATION; INFORMATION; INDIA AB GIS and remote sensing (RS) techniques using Landsat ETM+ and object-oriented segmentation were developed to identify depressional isolated wetlands in a > 2,600 km(2) mixed land use area of north-central Florida, USA. Both the stand-alone RS method and the combined GIS/RS method were successful at identifying isolated wetlands > 0.20 ha. Combining the GIS and RS methods yielded producer and user accuracies ranging from 93 to 100% and 86 to 95%, respectively. The methods utilized successfully mapped isolated wetlands and could be used to address questions surrounding national estimates and areal distribution of isolated wetlands. C1 [Reif, Molly; Frohn, Robert C.] US EPA, Dynam Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lane, Charles R.; Autrey, Brad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Reif, M (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Geospatial Ctr, 1203 Broad Ave,Suite 1A, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. EM molly.reif@gcgcusm.org RI CHEN, YU/F-8600-2011 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Justicia Rhodus, Environmental Science Editor with Dynamac Corporation, performed document editing and formatting. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 187 EP 211 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.187 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 461PG UT WOS:000267279700004 ER PT J AU Veron, DE Weaver, CP Veron, F Foster, MJ AF Veron, Dana E. Weaver, Christopher P. Veron, Fabrice Foster, Michael J. TI Stochastic Radiative Transfer on Modeled Cloud Fields SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Clouds; stochastic radiative transfer (RT) ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; SOLAR-RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; CCM3 AB Several efforts are currently underway to improve cloud-radiation parameterizations in Global Climate Models (GCMs) by incorporating statistical properties of the cloud field. Although some radiation parameterizations, which are already computationally costly, now incorporate subgrid scale variability in cloud properties, they are not yet capable of using this information in their calculations of the 3-D radiation fields. Before drastic changes are made to such algorithms to incorporate cloud-cloud radiation interactions, the impact of including realistic high-resolution cloud distributions on the shortwave fluxes should be assessed. This letter provides a framework for carrying out such assessments, including a new methodology that blends a stochastic radiative transfer model, high-resolution cloud fields from a mesoscale meteorological model, and a threshold and object identification technique applied to cloud water content fields. This process provides a link between the radiative fluxes calculated in GCMs, where clouds occur at a subgrid scale, and the highly resolved cloud fields in a regional climate model, which can provide cloud field statistics. Two case studies are described herein. C1 [Veron, Dana E.; Veron, Fabrice] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Weaver, Christopher P.; Foster, Michael J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Weaver, Christopher P.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Veron, DE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM dveron@udel.edu RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Veron, Fabrice/G-2505-2012; OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Veron, Fabrice/0000-0001-5514-9767 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.2007814 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 435XG UT WOS:000265376000002 ER PT J AU Welch, LS Anderson, HA Balmes, J Braun, L Brody, A Castleman, B Davis, D Dement, JM Frank, A Gochfeld, M Goldstein, BD Guzman, JR Henderson, DW Huff, J Infante, PF Ladou, J Landrigan, PJ Leigh, J Levin, SM Mulloy, KB Michaels, D Oliver, LC Pepper, L Rosenman, KD Schwartz, BS Silverstein, M Sokas, RK Takahashi, K Takaro, TK Teitelbaum, DT Vojakovic, R Watterson, A AF Welch, Laura S. Anderson, Henry A. Balmes, John Braun, Lundy Brody, Arnold Castleman, Barry Davis, Devra Dement, John M. Frank, Arthur Gochfeld, Michael Goldstein, Bernard D. Rodriguez Guzman, Julietta Henderson, Douglas W. Huff, James Infante, Peter F. LaDou, Joseph Landrigan, Philip J. Leigh, James Levin, Stephen M. Mulloy, Karen B. Michaels, David Oliver, L. Christine Pepper, Lewis Rosenman, Kenneth D. Schwartz, Brian S. Silverstein, Michael Sokas, Rosemary K. Takahashi, Ken Takaro, Tim K. Teitelbaum, Daniel Thau Vojakovic, Robert Watterson, Andrew TI Research on Mesothelioma from Brake Exposure: Corporate Influence Remains Relevant Concern SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER; MECHANICS; RISK C1 [Welch, Laura S.] CPWR, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Welch, Laura S.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Anderson, Henry A.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [LaDou, Joseph] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Int Ctr Occupat Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Balmes, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Braun, Lundy] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Braun, Lundy] Brown Univ, Dept Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Braun, Lundy] Brown Univ, Dept Africana Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brody, Arnold] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Devra] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Ctr Environm Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Davis, Devra] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Dement, John M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Frank, Arthur] Drexel Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Gochfeld, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Rodriguez Guzman, Julietta] Univ El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. [Henderson, Douglas W.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Huff, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Michaels, David] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Levin, Stephen M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Leigh, James] Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Levin, Stephen M.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Mt Sinai IJ Selikoff Ctr Occupat & Environm Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Mulloy, Karen B.] Denver Hlth Ctr Occupat Safety & Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Oliver, L. Christine] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oliver, L. Christine] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pepper, Lewis] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Rosenman, Kenneth D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schwartz, Brian S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Silverstein, Michael] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sokas, Rosemary K.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Takahashi, Ken] Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan. [Takaro, Tim K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Teitelbaum, Daniel Thau] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Teitelbaum, Daniel Thau] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Vojakovic, Robert] Asbestos Dis Soc Australia Inc, Osborn Pk, Australia. [Watterson, Andrew] Univ Stirling, Occupat & Environm Hlth Res Grp, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Welch, LS (reprint author), CPWR, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448IV UT WOS:000266257200014 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Jarnagin, T AF Jones, John W. Jarnagin, Taylor TI Evaluation of a Moderate Resolution, Satellite-Based Impervious Surface Map Using an Independent, High-Resolution Validation Data Set SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Given the relatively high cost of mapping impervious surfaces at regional scales, substantial effort is being expended in the development of moderate-resolution, satellite-based methods for estimating impervious surface area (ISA). To rigorously assess the accuracy of these data products high quality, independently derived validation data are needed. High-resolution data were collected across a gradient of development within the Mid-Atlantic region to assess the accuracy of National Land Cover Data (NLCD) Landsat-based ISA estimates. Absolute error (satellite predicted area-"reference area") and relative error [satellite (predicted area-"reference area")/"reference area"] were calculated for each of 240 sample regions that are each more than 15 Landsat pixels on a side. The ability to compile and examine ancillary data in a geographic information system environment provided for evaluation of both validation and NLCD data and afforded efficient exploration of observed errors. In a minority of cases, errors could be explained by temporal discontinuities between the date of satellite image capture and validation source data in rapidly changing places. In others, errors were created by vegetation cover over impervious surfaces and by other factors that bias the satellite processing algorithms. On average in the Mid-Atlantic region, the NLCD product underestimates ISA by approximately 5%. While the error range varies between 2 and 8%, this underestimation occurs regardless of development intensity. Through such analyses the errors, strengths, and weaknesses of particular satellite products can be explored to suggest appropriate uses for regional, satellite-based data in rapidly developing areas of environmental significance. C1 [Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA USA. [Jarnagin, Taylor] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, ORD Natl Exposure Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA USA. EM jwjones@usgs.gov; jarnagin.taylor@epa.gov FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program; USEPA FX This research was funded by the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program and the USEPA. Gail Winter's careful QA/QC of contractor, student, and Federal Employee ISA delineations and the helpful efforts of several anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:4(369) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 418LZ UT WOS:000264151000010 ER PT J AU Li, S Park, H Trempus, CS Gordon, D King, LC Cotsarelis, G Morris, RJ AF Li, S. Park, H. Trempus, C. S. Gordon, D. King, L. C. Cotsarelis, G. Morris, R. J. TI Heterogeneity in mutant Ha-ras expression within cutaneous papillomas in mice SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Investigative-Dermatology CY MAY 06-09, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Soc Investigat Dematol C1 [Li, S.; Park, H.; Morris, R. J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Trempus, C. S.] NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gordon, D.] Rutgers, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ USA. [King, L. C.] EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cotsarelis, G.] Univ Penn, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 129 MA 161 BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 430MU UT WOS:000264994000159 ER PT J AU Persaud-Sawin, DA Lightcap, S Harry, GJ AF Persaud-Sawin, Dixie-Ann Lightcap, Samantha Harry, G. Jean TI Isolation of rafts from mouse brain tissue by a detergent-free method SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipid-rich compartments; Flotillin 1; liquid-disordered phase; membrane ID RICH MEMBRANE DOMAINS; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; LIPID RAFTS; CELL-SURFACE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MICRODOMAINS; CHOLESTEROL; CAVEOLAE; GANGLIOSIDES AB Membrane rafts are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids and have specific proteins associated with them. Due to their small size, their identification and isolation have proved to be problematic. Their insolubility in nonionic detergents, such as Triton-X 100, at 4 degrees C has been the most common means of isolation. However, detergent presence can produce artifacts or interfere with ganglioside distribution. The direction is therefore toward the use of detergent-free protocols. We report an optimized method of raft isolation from lipid-rich brain tissue using a detergent-free method. We compared this to Triton-X 100-based isolation along sucrose or Optiprep (TM) gradients using the following endpoints: low protein content, high cholesterol content, presence of Flotillin 1 (Flot1), and absence of transferrin receptor (TfR) proteins. These criteria were met in raft fractions isolated in a detergent-free buffer along a sucrose gradient of 5%/35%/42.5%. The use of optiprep gave less consistent results with respect to protein distribution. We demonstrate that clean raft fractions with minimal myelin contamination can be reproducibly obtained in the top three low-density fractions along a sucrose step gradient. Persaud-Sawin, D-A., S. Lightcap, and G. J. Harry. Isolation of rafts from mouse brain tissue by a detergent-free method. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 759-767. C1 [Persaud-Sawin, Dixie-Ann; Lightcap, Samantha; Harry, G. Jean] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Toxicol Neurotoxicol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Persaud-Sawin, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Toxicol Neurotoxicol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sawind@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1Z01ES101623-05] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under project # 1Z01ES101623-05. NR 56 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 BP 759 EP 767 DI 10.1194/jlr.D800037-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 420IV UT WOS:000264283800019 PM 19060326 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Steevens, J Adlakha-Hutcheon, G Bennett, E Chappell, M Colvin, V Davis, JM Davis, T Elder, A Hansen, S Hakkinen, PB Hussain, SM Karkan, D Korenstein, R Lynch, I Metcalfe, C Ramadan, AB Satterstrom, FK AF Linkov, Igor Steevens, Jeffery Adlakha-Hutcheon, Gitanjali Bennett, Erin Chappell, Mark Colvin, Vicki Davis, J. Michael Davis, Thomas Elder, Alison Foss Hansen, Steffen Hakkinen, Pertti Bert Hussain, Saber M. Karkan, Delara Korenstein, Rafi Lynch, Iseult Metcalfe, Chris Ramadan, Abou Bakr Satterstrom, F. Kyle TI Emerging methods and tools for environmental risk assessment, decision-making, and policy for nanomaterials: summary of NATO Advanced Research Workshop SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Nanomaterials; Risk assessment; Decision analysis; Regulatory policy; Uncertainty analysis; Nanotechnology governance; Societal implications ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; NANOTOXICOLOGY; ULTRAFINE; PROTEINS; WATER AB Nanomaterials and their associated technologies hold promising opportunities for the development of new materials and applications in a wide variety of disciplines, including medicine, environmental remediation, waste treatment, and energy conservation. However, current information regarding the environmental effects and health risks associated with nanomaterials is limited and sometimes contradictory. This article summarizes the conclusions of a 2008 NATO workshop designed to evaluate the wide-scale implications (e.g., benefits, risks, and costs) of the use of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. A unique feature of this workshop was its interdisciplinary nature and focus on the practical needs of policy decision makers. Workshop presentations and discussion panels were structured along four main themes: technology and benefits, human health risk, environmental risk, and policy implications. Four corresponding working groups (WGs) were formed to develop detailed summaries of the state-of-the-science in their respective areas and to discuss emerging gaps and research needs. The WGs identified gaps between the rapid advances in the types and applications of nanomaterials and the slower pace of human health and environmental risk science, along with strategies to reduce the uncertainties associated with calculating these risks. C1 [Linkov, Igor] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Steevens, Jeffery] USA, Erdc, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. [Adlakha-Hutcheon, Gitanjali] Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K2, Canada. [Bennett, Erin] Intertox Inc, Salem, MA 01970 USA. [Chappell, Mark] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. [Colvin, Vicki] Rice Univ, ICON, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Davis, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, Thomas] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Elder, Alison] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14610 USA. [Foss Hansen, Steffen] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Davis, Thomas] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Karkan, Delara] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Korenstein, Rafi] Tel Aviv Univ, Marian Gertner Inst Med Nanosyst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lynch, Iseult] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Chem & Chem Biol, Irish Ctr Colloid Sci & Biomat, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Metcalfe, Chris] Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Ramadan, Abou Bakr] Natl Egyptian Environm & Radiat Monitoring Networ, Nasr City 11672, Cairo, Egypt. [Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Engn Sci Lab 224, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bennett, Erin] Bioengn Grp, Salem, MA 01970 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, 83 Winchester St Suite 1, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. EM Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil; Jeffery.A.Steevens@us.army.mil; Gitanjali.Adlakha-Hutcheon@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; ebennett@bioengineering.com; Mark.a.chappell@usace.army.mil; colvin@rice.edu; Davis.Jmichael@epa.gov; ta.davis@umontreal.ca; Alison_Elder@urmc.rochester.edu; sfh@er.dtu.dk; berthakkinen@gmail.com; Saber.Hussain@wpafb.af.mil; Delara_karkan@hc-sc.gc.ca; korens@post.tau.ac.il; iseult@fiachra.ucd.ie; cmetcalfe@trentu.ca; ramadan58@yahoo.com; satterst@fas.harvard.edu RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009; Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016; Lynch, Iseult/I-3915-2014 OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738; Lynch, Iseult/0000-0003-4250-4584 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 513 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9514-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 413MR UT WOS:000263797700001 ER PT J AU Bruno, M Moore, T Nesnow, S Ge, Y AF Bruno, Maribel Moore, Tanya Nesnow, Stephen Ge, Yue TI Protein Carbonyl Formation in Response to Propiconazole-induced Oxidative Stress SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbonylation; propiconazole; oxidative stress; protein oxidation ID TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; PYRUVATE-CARBOXYLASE; IONIZING-RADIATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; INCREASES AB Propiconazole, a widely used fungicide, is hepatotoxic and hepatotumorigenic in mice. Previous genomic analysis of liver tissues from propiconazole-treated mice identified genes and pathways involved in oxidative stress, suggesting that oxidative stress may play a role in propiconazole-induced toxicity. To understand the contribution of oxidative stress on toxicity at the protein level, we developed an integrated approach for the systematic measurement of protein oxidation in the livers from propiconazole-treated mice. Liver protein carbonylation increased significantly after treatment with propiconazole, demonstrating propiconazole-associated induction of oxidative stress. Utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified 17 carbonylated proteins that were altered with varying intensities by propiconazole treatment. The potential effects of protein carbonylation on protein functions and cellular activities in the liver of propiconazole-treated mice were further investigated. A significant negative correlation between protein carbonylation and cytochrome c reductase activity was found. We conclude that glycolysis, mitochondrial respiratory chain, ATP production, amino acid metabolism, CO(2) hydration, cellular antioxidant defense and detoxification system, and tetra hydrobiopterin pathways are affected by oxygen radicals in the livers of propiconazole-treated mice. This study suggests a mode of propiconazole-induced toxicity in mouse liver which primarily involves oxidative damage to cellular proteins. C1 [Bruno, Maribel; Moore, Tanya; Nesnow, Stephen; Ge, Yue] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B 143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ge.yue@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Barbara Collins and Drs. James Allen, Sheau-Fung Thai, Jeffrey Ross, Julian Preston, and Doug Wolf for their very helpful comments on this manuscript. We thank Keith Tarpley for formatting figures required for manuscript submission. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2070 EP 2078 DI 10.1021/pr801061r PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 429NU UT WOS:000264928200044 PM 19714882 ER PT J AU Barth, E Herrmann, R Dahling, T Brenner, R Wright, S Clark, P AF Barth, E. Herrmann, R. Dahling, T. Brenner, R. Wright, S. Clark, P. TI Evaluation of Airborne Endotoxin Concentrations Associated with Management of a Crop Grown on Applied Biosolids SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXINS; REGROWTH; EXPOSURE; DUST AB Public health concerns have been expressed regarding inhalation exposure associated with the application of biosolids on cropland, which is due to the potential aerosolization of microorganisms, cell wall products, volatile chemicals, and nuisance odors. Endotoxin is a component of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and is likely present in many biosolids. The application of biosolids to cropland may result in an immediate exposure or a delayed exposure to these microbial agents, such as when the crops are harvested. Upwind and downwind airborne concentrations of endotoxin were compared among and within two adjacent established hayfields, one with and one without previously applied biosolids, during grass raking and bailing activities. The mean downwind concentration of airborne endotoxin was significantly higher than the mean upwind concentration at the site where biosolids had been previously applied. The mean downwind concentration of endotoxin was not significantly different than the mean upwind concentration at the control field where biosolids had not previously been applied. When comparing the mean concentrations of airborne endotoxin among the sites, significant main effects were noticed for wind direction and field type, and an interactive effect was noticed for direction and field type. It is not known if the increased mean concentration of endotoxin associated with the downwind air samples at the applied biosolids field were due to the residual biosolids that were previously applied or due to endotoxin associated with plant material. The results apply to this investigation only since there was no treatment replication of each type of field. The downwind endotoxin concentrations observed during the raking and bailing activities were lower than various health effects criteria that have been recommended for airborne endotoxin. C1 [Barth, E.; Herrmann, R.; Dahling, T.; Brenner, R.; Wright, S.; Clark, P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Barth, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM barth.ed@epa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 491IN UT WOS:000269572200001 ER PT J AU Tolaymat, T Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G AF Tolaymat, Thabet Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, G. TI Impact of Bioreactor Landfill Leachate Quality on As, Cd, Pb and Zn Leaching from Mine Residues SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEMENTITIOUS WASTES; PROCESSING WASTE; RELEASE; LEAD AB In this paper, leaching of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb and Zn) from two different metal rich wastes, namely mineral processing waste (W2) and waste derived fertilizer (W1) in batch extraction tests (TCLP, SPLP and deionized water) is presented. In addition, extraction tests using bioreactor MSW landfill leachates were also performed and results compared to the standardized tests. It was observed that the W1 (commercially available as Ironite) failed the TCLP tests, with Pb extract concentration (7.3 mg/L) higher than the TC limit. On the other hand, the W2 passed the TCLP test. Significant differences in arsenic leaching from W1 in the SPLP and deionized water extraction tests, compared to the TCLP tests reiterated the fact that TCLP underestimated the leachability of arsenic. Batch extraction tests using MSW landfill leachates were also performed. Landfill leachates were sampled from conventional (dry-tomb) and bioreactor facultative landfills. Leaching results indicated that TCLP overestimated Cd and Pb leaching in landfills. A comparison of all the batch extraction tests showed that leaching of heavy metals showed high pH dependency, with increased leaching in the acidic region (SPLP and deionized water tests). It was also observed that the dissolved organic carbon content and the volatile fatty acid content regulated the amount of heavy metals leached. C1 [Tolaymat, Thabet; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, G.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Tolaymat, T (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM tolaymat.thabet@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 491IN UT WOS:000269572200005 ER PT J AU Isakov, V Touma, JS Burke, J Lobdell, DT Palma, T Rosenbaum, A Ozkaynak, H AF Isakov, Vlad Touma, Jawad S. Burke, Janet Lobdell, Danellet T. Palma, Ted Rosenbaum, Arlene Ozkaynak, Haluk TI Combining Regional- and Local-Scale Air Quality Models with Exposure Models for Use in Environmental Health Studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION EXPOSURES; PARTICULATE MATTER; LOS-ANGELES; OUTDOOR; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; EMISSIONS; CHILDREN AB Population-based human exposure models predict the distribution of personal exposures to pollutants of outdoor origin using a variety of inputs, including air pollution concentrations; human activity patterns, such as the amount of time spent outdoors versus indoors, commuting, walking, and indoors at home; microenvironmental infiltration rates; and pollutant removal rates in indoor environments. Typically, exposure models rely upon ambient air concentration inputs from a sparse network of monitoring stations. Here we present a unique methodology for combining multiple types of air quality models (the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality [CMAQ] chemical transport model added to the AERMOD dispersion model) and linking the resulting hourly concentrations to population exposure models (the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model [HAPEM] or the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation [SHEDS] model) to enhance estimates of air pollution exposures that vary temporally (annual and seasonal) and spatially (at census-block-group resolution) in an urban area. The results indicate that there is a strong spatial gradient in the predicted mean exposure concentrations near roadways and industrial facilities that can vary by almost a factor of 2 across the urban area studied. At the high end of the exposure distribution (95th percentile), exposures are higher in the central district than in the suburbs. This is mostly due to the importance of personal mobility factors whereby individuals living in the central area often move between microenvironments with high concentrations, as opposed to individuals residing at the outskirts of the city. Also, our results indicate 20-30% differences due to commuting patterns and almost a factor of 2 difference because of near-roadway effects. These differences are smaller for the median exposures, indicating the highly variable nature of the reflected ambient concentrations. In conjunction with local data on emission sources, microenvironmental. factors, and behavioral and socioeconomic characteristics, the combined source-to-exposure modeling methodology presented in this paper can improve the assessment of exposures in future community air pollution health studies. C1 [Isakov, Vlad; Touma, Jawad S.; Burke, Janet; Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lobdell, Danellet T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Palma, Ted] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rosenbaum, Arlene] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop E243-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov NR 46 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 40 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.4.461 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 429OK UT WOS:000264929800009 PM 19418820 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, PR Larsen, DP Faustini, JM AF Kaufmann, Philip R. Larsen, David P. Faustini, John M. TI BED STABILITY AND SEDIMENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN DISTURBANCES IN PACIFIC NORTHWEST STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE streambed sediment; relative bed stability; sediment transport; environmental indicators; rivers; streams; nonpoint source pollution; monitoring; geomorphology; disturbance; textural fining; channel morphology; land use; ) ID OREGON COAST RANGE; SURFACE TEXTURES; HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS; UNITED-STATES; CHANNEL; RIVERS; BUFFINGTON,JOHN,M.; HABITAT; EROSION; MONTGOMERY,DAVID,R AB To evaluate anthropogenic sedimentation in United States (U.S.) Pacific Northwest coastal streams, we applied an index of relative bed stability (LRBS*) to summer low flow survey data collected using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program field methods in a probability sample of 101 wadeable stream reaches. LRBS* is the log of the ratio of bed surface geometric mean particle diameter (D(gm)) to critical diameter (D*(cbf)) at bankfull flow, based on a modified Shield's criterion for incipient motion. We used a formulation of LRBS* that explicitly accounts for reductions in bed shear stress that result from channel form roughness due to pools and wood. LRBS* ranged from -1.9 to +0.5 in streams within the lower quartile of human riparian and basin disturbance, and was substantially lower (-4.2 to -1.1) in streams within the upper quartile of human disturbance. Modeling results suggest that the expected range of LRBS* in streams without human disturbances in this region might be generally between -0.7 and +0.5 in either sedimentary or volcanic lithology. However, streams draining relatively soft, erodible sedimentary lithology showed greater reductions in LRBS* associated with disturbance than did those having harder, more resistant volcanic (basalt) lithology with similar levels of basin and riparian disturbance. At any given level of disturbance, smaller streams had lower LRBS* than those with larger drainages. In sedimentary lithology (sandstone and siltstone), high-gradient streams had higher LRBS* than did low-gradient streams of the same size and level of human disturbance. High gradient streams in volcanic lithology, in contrast, had lower LRBS* than low-gradient streams of similar size and disturbance. Correlations between D(gm) and land disturbance were stronger than those observed between D*(cbf) and land disturbance. This pattern suggests that land use has augmented sediment supplies and increased streambed fine sediments in the most disturbed streams. However, we also show evidence that some of the apparent reductions in LRBS*, particularly in steep streams draining small volcanic drainages, may have resulted in part from anthropogenic increases in bed shear stress. The synoptic survey methods and designs we use appear adequate to evaluate regional patterns in bed stability and sedimentation and their general relationship to human disturbances. More precise field measurements of channel slope, cross-section geometry, and bed surface particle size would be required to use LRBS* in applications requiring a higher degree of accuracy and precision, such as site-specific assessments at individual streams. C1 [Kaufmann, Philip R.] Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Larsen, David P.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR USA. [Faustini, John M.] US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Kaufmann, PR (reprint author), Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR USA. EM kaufmann.phil@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 FU USEPA FX The research presented in this paper was undertaken at the USEPA's Western Ecology Division of the National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, and was funded by the USEPA through the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), its Regional (R-EMAP) surveys, and a grant from the EPA Office of Water's Regional Methods Initiative. Data were collected in cooperation with the States of Washington and Oregon. We are grateful for the use of data collected and made available to us through cooperation with Glen Merritt, Rick Hafele, Mike Mulvey, Lil Herger, and Gretchen Hayslip. We are also grateful to Curt Seeliger and Marlys Cappaert for data management and validation and to Sue Pierson for map preparation. Jim Omernik and Sandra Bryce provided insights into the interpretation of lithology. We thank John Van Sickle, Alan Herlihy, David Peck, and Colleen Birch-Johnson for advice on data analysis, and we are grateful to John Stoddard, Steve Paulsen, Margaret Passmore, and Gretchen Hayslip for funding and program support. We thank Dave Montgomery, John Buffington, LeRoy Poff, Brian Bledsoe, and Bob Beschta for enlightening discussions of sediment transport concepts, and Brian Bledsoe, Safa Shirazi, and John Van Sickle for comments on an earlier draft. Our final draft was greatly improved by heeding comments from Jim Pizzuto, Nira Salant, and an anonymous reviewer. This paper has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 82 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 434 EP 459 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00301.x PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 424KA UT WOS:000264564400013 ER PT J AU Nakano, H Lin, KL Yanagita, M Charbonneau, C Cook, DN Kakiuchi, T Gunn, MD AF Nakano, Hideki Lin, Kaifeng Lisa Yanagita, Manabu Charbonneau, Chantal Cook, Donald N. Kakiuchi, Terutaka Gunn, Michael D. TI Blood-derived inflammatory dendritic cells in lymph nodes stimulate acute T helper type 1 immune responses SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICE LACKING EXPRESSION; STEADY-STATE; IN-VIVO; MONOCYTE RECRUITMENT; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; CHEMOKINES CCL19; ORGAN CHEMOKINE; KNOCKOUT MICE; ANTIGEN AB T helper type 1 (T(H)1)- polarized immune responses, which confer protection against intracellular pathogens, are thought to be initiated by dendritic cells (DCs) that enter lymph nodes from peripheral tissues. Here we found after viral infection or immunization, inflammatory monocytes were recruited into lymph nodes directly from the blood to become CD11c(+) CD11b(hi)Gr-1(+) inflammatory DCs, which produced abundant interleukin 12p70 and potently stimulated T(H)1 responses. This monocyte extravasation required the chemokine receptor CCR2 but not the chemokine CCL2 or receptor CCR7. Thus, the accumulation of inflammatory DCs and T(H)1 responses were much lower in Ccr2(-/-) mice, were preserved in Ccl2(-/-) mice and were relatively higher in CCL19-CCL21-Ser-deficient plt mutant mice, in which all other lymph node DC types were fewer in number. We conclude that blood-derived inflammatory DCs are important in the development of T(H)1 immune responses. C1 [Nakano, Hideki; Yanagita, Manabu; Charbonneau, Chantal; Gunn, Michael D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Nakano, Hideki; Lin, Kaifeng Lisa; Gunn, Michael D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Nakano, Hideki; Cook, Donald N.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kakiuchi, Terutaka] Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Gunn, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM michael.gunn@duke.edu OI Gunn, Michael/0000-0003-4602-0667 FU National Institutes of Health [AI047262, HL085473]; Japanese Ministry of Science and Technology [1579054, 14021121]; Duke Human Vaccine Institute; Japan Health Sciences Foundation [KH51052]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [10670606, 12670621]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank K. Nakano for technical assistance, and J. Whitesides, P. McDermott and L. Olive for cell sorting. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (AI047262 and HL085473 to M. D. G.), the Japanese Ministry of Science and Technology (1579054 to H. N., and 14021121 to T. K.), the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (H. N.), the Japan Health Sciences Foundation (KH51052 to T. K.), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (10670606, 12670621 to T. K.), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists (M. Y.) and the intramural branch of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. NR 44 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1038/ni.1707 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 422KE UT WOS:000264425800013 PM 19252492 ER PT J AU Zibell, G Unkruer, B Pekcec, A Hartz, AMS Bauer, B Miller, DS Potschka, H AF Zibell, Guido Unkrueer, Bernadette Pekcec, Anton Hartz, Anika M. S. Bauer, Bjoern Miller, David S. Potschka, Heidrun TI Prevention of seizure-induced up-regulation of endothelial P-glycoprotein by COX-2 inhibition SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epilepsy; Status epilepticus; P-glycoprotein; Pharmacoresistance; Multidrug transporter; Cyclooxygenase-2 ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; CELL-DEATH; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; ADMINISTRATION INCREASES; PILOCARPINE MODEL; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; DRUG-RESISTANCE AB In the epileptic brain, seizure activity induces expression of the blood-brain barrier efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein, thereby limiting brain penetration and therapeutic efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. We recently provided the first evidence that seizures drive P-glycoprotein induction through a pathway that involves glutamate-signaling through the NMDA receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Based on these data, we hypothesized that selective inhibition of COX-2 could prevent seizure-induced P-glycoprotein up-regulation. In the present study, we found that the highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and indomethacin heptyl ester, blocked the glutamate-induced increase in P-glycoprotein expression and transport function in isolated rat brain capillaries. Importantly, consistent with this, the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, blocked seizure-induced up-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in brain capillaries of rats in vivo. To explore further the role of COX-2 in signaling P-glycoprotein induction, we analyzed COX-2 protein expression in capillary endothelial cells in brain sections from rats that had undergone pilocarpine-induced seizures and in isolated capillaries exposed to glutamate and found no change from control levels. However, in isolated rat brain capillaries, the COX-2 substrate, arachidonic acid, significantly increased P-glycoprotein transport activity and expression indicating that enhanced substrate flux to COX-2 rather than increased COX-2 expression drives P-glycoprotein up-regulation. Together, these results provide the first in vivo proof-of-principle that specific COX-2 inhibition may be used as a new therapeutic strategy to prevent seizure-induced P-glycoprotein up-regulation at the blood-brain barrier for improving pharmacotherapy of drug-resistant epilepsy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zibell, Guido; Unkrueer, Bernadette; Pekcec, Anton; Potschka, Heidrun] Univ Munich, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Hartz, Anika M. S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bauer, Bjoern] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bauer, Bjoern] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Potschka, H (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, Koeniginstr 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany. EM potschka@pharmtox.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de OI Potschka, Heidrun/0000-0003-1506-0252; Gualtieri, Fabio/0000-0002-4972-0039 FU German Research Foundation [681/4-1]; University of Minnesota GIA [20919]; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank Sylvia Notenboom and Christina Fuest for their excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by the grant DFG PO 681/4-1 (to HP) from the German Research Foundation, by a University of Minnesota GIA grant #20919 (to BB) and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3908 J9 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY JI Neuropharmacology PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 5 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.01.009 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 441MY UT WOS:000265774500002 PM 19371577 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM Smith, LM Ford, RG Watterson, DC McCutchen, MD Ryan, MR AF Mayer, Paul M. Smith, Levica M. Ford, Robert G. Watterson, Dustin C. McCutchen, Marshall D. Ryan, Mark R. TI Nest construction by a ground-nesting bird represents a potential trade-off between egg crypticity and thermoregulation SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Anti-predation; Charadrius melodus; Egg crypsis; Nest construction; Thermoregulation ID PIPING PLOVER NESTS; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; KENTISH PLOVERS; SITE SELECTION; HEAT-LOSS; PREDATION; COLOR; INCUBATION; CRYPSIS AB Predation selects against conspicuous colors in bird eggs and nests, while thermoregulatory constraints select for nest-building behavior that regulates incubation temperatures. We present results that suggest a trade-off between nest crypticity and thermoregulation of eggs based on selection of nest materials by piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), a ground-nesting bird that constructs simple, pebble-lined nests highly vulnerable to predators and exposed to temperature extremes. Piping plovers selected pebbles that were whiter and appeared closer in color to eggs than randomly available pebbles, suggesting a crypsis function. However, nests that were more contrasting in color to surrounding substrates were at greater risk of predation, suggesting an alternate strategy driving selection of white rocks. Near-infrared reflectance of nest pebbles was higher than randomly available pebbles, indicating a direct physical mechanism for heat control through pebble selection. Artificial nests constructed of randomly available pebbles heated more quickly and conferred heat to model eggs, causing eggs to heat more rapidly than in nests constructed from piping plover nest pebbles. Thermal models and field data indicated that temperatures inside nests may remain up to 2-6A degrees C cooler than surrounding substrates. Thermal models indicated that nests heat especially rapidly if not incubated, suggesting that nest construction behavior may serve to keep eggs cooler during the unattended laying period. Thus, pebble selection suggests a potential trade-off between maximizing heat reflectance to improve egg microclimate and minimizing conspicuous contrast of nests with the surrounding substrate to conceal eggs from predators. Nest construction behavior that employs light-colored, thermally reflective materials may represent an evolutionary response by birds and other egg-laying organisms to egg predation and heat stress. C1 [Mayer, Paul M.; Ford, Robert G.; McCutchen, Marshall D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Smith, Levica M.; Watterson, Dustin C.] E Cent Univ, McNair Scholars Program, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Ryan, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) FX We are grateful for constructive remarks by K. Forshay, C. Lehman, A. Person, R. Phillips, B. Root, G. Schnell, D. Siems, A. Strong, B. Woodworth, and two astute anonymous reviewers. We thank B. Root for assistance in the Weld. A. Person and J. Dean provided piping plover eggs from the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian Institution/National Museum of Natural History, respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under cooperative agreement (CR832885) with East Central University. The research described here has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research adhered to the Association for the Study of Animal Behavior/Animal Behavior Society Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research, the legal requirements of the country in which the work was carried out, and all institutional guidelines. NR 82 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 4 BP 893 EP 901 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1266-9 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417UK UT WOS:000264103800020 PM 19145449 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Teng, Q Huang, WL Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Huang, Wenlin Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The F8H Glycosyltransferase is a Functional Paralog of FRA8 Involved in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; Glucuronoxylan biosynthesis; Glycosyltransferase; Secondary wall biosynthesis; Xylan ID SECONDARY CELL-WALL; REDUCING END-GROUPS; ARABINOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; XYLAN; XYLOSYLTRANSFERASE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; DEFICIENT; POPLAR AB The FRAGILE FIBER8 (FRA8) gene was previously shown to be required for the biosynthesis of the reducing end tetrasaccharide sequence of glucuronoxylan (GX) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrate that F8H, a close homolog of FRA8, is a functional paralog of FRA8 involved in GX biosynthesis. The F8H gene is preferentially expressed in xylem cells, in which the secondary walls contain an abundant amount of GX, and the F8H protein is targeted to the Golgi where GX is synthesized. Overexpression of F8H in the fra8 mutant completely complemented the fra8 mutant phenotypes including the secondary wall thickness of fibers and vessels, vessel morphology, GX content and the abundance of the reducing end tetrasaccharide sequence of GX, indicating that F8H shares the same biochemical function as FRA8. Although the f8h mutant alone did not show any detectable cell wall defects, the f8hfra8 double mutant exhibits an additional reduction in cell wall xylose level, a more severe deformation of vessels and an extreme retardation in plant growth compared with the fra8 mutant. Together, our findings suggest that F8H and FRA8 are functional paralogs and that they function redundantly in GX biosynthesis during secondary wall formation in the xylem. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy; Huang, Wenlin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu FU The Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-FGO2-O3ER1 5415] FX The Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-FGO2-O3ER1 5415). NR 37 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 BP 812 EP 827 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcp025 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 434LT UT WOS:000265276900012 PM 19224953 ER PT J AU Delclos, KB Weis, CC Bucci, TJ Olson, G Mellick, P Sadovova, N Latendresse, JR Thorn, B Newbold, RR AF Delclos, K. Barry Weis, Constance C. Bucci, Thomas J. Olson, Greg Mellick, Paul Sadovova, Natalya Latendresse, John R. Thorn, Brett Newbold, Retha R. TI Overlapping but distinct effects of genistein and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in female Sprague-Dawley rats in multigenerational reproductive and chronic toxicity studies SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Genistein; Ethinyl estradiol; Rat; Multigenerational; Reproductive toxicity; Estrous cycle; Puberty acceleration; Reproductive senescence; Soy-free diet ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; SUPPRESSES MAMMARY-CANCER; PHYTOESTROGEN GENISTEIN; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; SOY ISOFLAVONE; BREAST-CANCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-UTERO; DIETARY GENISTEIN; PRENATAL EXPOSURE AB Genistein and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were examined in multigenerational reproductive and chronic toxicity studies that had different treatment intervals among generations. Sprague-Dawley rats received genistein (0, 5, 100, or 500 ppm) or EE2 (0, 2, 10, or 50 ppb) in a low phytoestrogen diet. Nonneoplastic effects in females are summarized here. Genistein at 500 ppm and EE2 at 50 ppb produced similar effects in continuously exposed rats, including decreased body weights, accelerated vaginal opening, and altered estrous cycles in young animals. At the high dose, anogenital distance was subtly affected by both compounds, and a reduction in litter size was evident in genistein-treated animals. Genistein at 500 ppm induced an early onset of aberrant cycles relative to controls in the chronic studies. EE2 significantly increased the incidence of uterine lesions (atypical focal hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia). These compound-specific effects appeared to be enhanced in the offspring of prior exposed generations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Delclos, K. Barry] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Bucci, Thomas J.; Olson, Greg; Mellick, Paul; Sadovova, Natalya; Latendresse, John R.] Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Delclos, KB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, HFT 110,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM barry.delclos@fda.hhs.gov FU U.S. Food and Drug Administration [IAG 224-07-007]; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by Interagency Agreement IAG 224-07-007 between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. The extensive and expert technical assistance of the NCTR support staff in providing diet preparation, chemical analysis, animal care, computer support, necropsy, and tissue processing services for these studies is gratefully acknowledged. The views presented in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NR 133 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.005 PG 16 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 429BA UT WOS:000264894600004 PM 19159674 ER PT J AU Conolly, RB AF Conolly, Rory B. TI Commentary on "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment" by Krewski et al. SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRADIENT C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Conolly, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, MD B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Conolly.Rory@epa.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 480 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01165.x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 421GM UT WOS:000264347400003 PM 19076324 ER PT J AU Kavlock, RJ Austin, CP Tice, RR AF Kavlock, Robert J. Austin, Christopher P. Tice, Raymond R. TI Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kavlock, Robert J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Austin, Christopher P.] NHGRI, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biomol Screening Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kavlock, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Kavlock.Robert@epamail.epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA HG200319-06] NR 2 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 485 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01168.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 421GM UT WOS:000264347400006 PM 19076321 ER PT J AU Stepchenkova, EI Kozmin, SG Alenin, VV Pavlov, YI AF Stepchenkova, E. I. Kozmin, S. G. Alenin, V. V. Pavlov, Yu. I. TI Genetic control of metabolism of mutagenic purine base analogs 6-hydroxylaminopurine and 2-amino-6-hydroxylaminopurine in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR BIOSYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; DNA; 6-N-HYDROXYLAMINOPURINE; MUTANTS; INOSINE; DAMAGE AB We studied the effect of inactivation of genes, which control biosynthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP) de novo and purine salvage and interconversion pathways, on sensitivity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the mutagenic and toxic action of 6-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and 2-amino-6-hydroxylaminopurine (AHA). It was shown that the manifestation of HAP and AHA mutagenic properties depends on the action of enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase encoded in yeast by APT1 gene. A blockade of any step of IMP biosynthesis, with the exception of the block mediated by inactivation of genes ADE16 and ADE17 leading to the accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), was shown to enhance yeast cell sensitivity to the HAP mutagenic effect; however, it does not affect the sensitivity to AHA. A block of conversion of IMP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) causes hypersensitivity of yeast cells to the mutagenic action of HAP and to the toxic effect of HAP, AHA, and hypoxanthine. It is possible that this enhancement of sensitivity to HAP and AHA is due to changes in the pool of purines. We conclude that genes ADE12, ADE13, AAH1, and HAM1 controlling processes of purine salvage and interconversion in yeast, make the greatest contribution to the protection against the toxic and mutagenic action of the examined analogs. Possible mechanisms of HAP detoxication in bacteria, yeast, and humans are discussed. C1 [Stepchenkova, E. I.; Kozmin, S. G.; Alenin, V. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Genet & Select, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Stepchenkova, E. I.] St Petersburg State Univ, Vavilov Inst Gen Genet, St Petersburg Branch, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Kozmin, S. G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pavlov, Yu. I.] 985880 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Stepchenkova, EI (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Genet & Select, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM stepchenkova@gmail.com RI Kozmin, Stanislav/J-6849-2012; Stepchenkova, Elena/F-9931-2014 OI Kozmin, Stanislav/0000-0002-4128-4447; Stepchenkova, Elena/0000-0002-5854-8701 FU BRHE; CRDF3; Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation FX This study was supported by BRHE, presented by CRDF, and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1022-7954 J9 RUSS J GENET+ JI Russ. J. Genet. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1134/S1022795409040048 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 437UG UT WOS:000265511800004 ER PT J AU Jia, J Lee, CR Bradbury, JA DeGraff, LM Zeldin, DC Alkayed, NJ AF Jia, Jia Lee, Craig R. Bradbury, J. Alyce DeGraff, Laura M. Zeldin, Darryl C. Alkayed, Nabil J. TI P450 Epoxygenase Overexpression in Vascular Endothelium Alters Blood Flow and Infarct Size after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in a Sex- and Isoform-Specific Manner SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Association-International-Stroke Conference 2009 CY FEB 17-20, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Int Stroke C1 [Jia, Jia; Alkayed, Nabil J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Peri Operat Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Lee, Craig R.; Bradbury, J. Alyce; DeGraff, Laura M.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Rsch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP E150 EP E150 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426LJ UT WOS:000264709500270 ER PT J AU Dugan, NR Williams, DJ Meyer, M Schneider, RR Speth, TF Metz, DH AF Dugan, Nicholas R. Williams, Daniel J. Meyer, Maria Schneider, Ross R. Speth, Thomas F. Metz, Deborah H. TI The impact of temperature on the performance of anaerobic biological treatment of perchlorate in drinking water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Biological treatment; Temperature effects ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; NITRATE REDUCTION AB A 20-month pilot-scale study was conducted to examine the impact of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic biological contactor used to treat perchlorate-contaminated water. The contactor was successfully acclimated with indigenous microorganisms. Influent temperatures varied from 1.4 to 30 degrees C. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of temperature on Perchlorate removal, nitrate removal, nitrite formation, dissolved oxygen consumption, sulfide production, and nutrient acetate consumption. The results confirmed that consistent biological perchlorate removal to 2 mu g/L is feasible at temperatures above 10 degrees C. Effluent concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen varied inversely with temperature, while sulfide varied positively with temperature. Under the conditions that prevailed during this study, 10 degrees C was a threshold temperature below which microbial activity, including perchlorate reduction, decreased dramatically. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dugan, Nicholas R.; Williams, Daniel J.; Speth, Thomas F.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Meyer, Maria; Metz, Deborah H.] Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. [Schneider, Ross R.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Dugan, NR (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dugan.nicholas@epa.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1867 EP 1878 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.032 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 437SR UT WOS:000265507700008 PM 19249808 ER PT J AU Choi, O Cleuenger, TE Deng, BL Surampalli, RY Ross, L Hu, ZQ AF Choi, Okkyoung Cleuenger, Thomas E. Deng, Baolin Surampalli, Rao Y. Ross, Louis, Jr. Hu, Zhiqiang TI Role of sulfide and ligand strength in controlling nanosilver toxicity SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Sulfide, Ligands, Microbial growth; Nitrification ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; RAINBOW-TROUT; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MODEL; WATER; INHIBITION; METALS AB Nanosilver has been used broadly in nanotechnology enhanced consumer products because of its strong antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) released from these products will likely enter wastewater collection and treatment systems. This research evaluated the role of sulfide and ligand strength in controlling nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying bacteria that are important in wastewater treatment. The nanosilver toxicity in the absence and presence of ligands (SO(4)(2-), S(2-), Cl(-), PO(4)(3-), and EDTA(-)) commonly present in wastewater was determined from the oxygen uptake rate measurements. Sulfide appeared to be the only ligand to effectively reduce nanosilver toxicity. By adding a small aliquot of sulfide that was stoichiometrically complexed with AgNPs, the nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying organisms was reduced by up to 80%. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that AgNPs were highly reactive with sulfide to form new Ag(x)S(y) complexes or precipitates. These complexes were not oxidized after a prolonged period of aeration (18 h). This information is useful for wastewater treatment design and operation to reduce nanosilver toxicity via sulfide complexation. While the biotic ligand model was successful in predicting the toxicity of Ag(+) ions, it could not accurately predict the toxicity of AgNPs. Nevertheless, it could be one of the many tools useful in predicting and controlling nanosilver toxicity to wastewater microorganisms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Okkyoung; Cleuenger, Thomas E.; Deng, Baolin; Hu, Zhiqiang] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Reg Off 7, Kansas City, KS USA. [Ross, Louis, Jr.] Univ Missouri, Electron Microscopy Core Facil, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM huzh@missouri.edu OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 38 TC 156 Z9 164 U1 7 U2 125 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1879 EP 1886 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 437SR UT WOS:000265507700009 PM 19249075 ER PT J AU Weissberger, EJ Coiro, LL Davey, EW AF Weissberger, Eric J. Coiro, Laura L. Davey, Earl W. TI Effects of hypoxia on animal burrow construction and consequent effects on sediment redox profiles SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthos; Burrowing; Hypoxia; Redox; Tomography ID MARINE BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; COMPUTER-AIDED TOMOGRAPHY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; BIOGENIC STRUCTURES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEA SEDIMENTS; IN-SITU; RESPONSES AB We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of mild hypoxia on the burrowing behavior of three marine species (the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, the polychaete worm Neanthes virens, and the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus) and consequent effects on sediment redox profiles. Animals were introduced into defaunated sediment and allowed to burrow for four months at mildly hypoxic (2 mg l(-1)) and nornnoxic (7 mg l(-1)) dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Sediment redox profiles were measured 10 times during the course of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the sediment was imaged using computer-aided tomography to quantify burrow volume and location. For the three species, burrow volume remained constant over DO treatments, but amphipod and clam burrows were shallower in hypoxic treatments compared with normoxic treatments. Redox profile discontinuity (RPD) depth was shallower in hypoxic treatments compared with normoxic treatments for experiments without animals, indicating that water column oxygen concentration alone influences diffusion of oxygen into the sediment. Worms, but neither clams nor amphipods, increased the RPD depth relative to no-animal controls in both hypoxic and normoxic treatments, but the effect was greater in normoxic conditions. These results suggest that although hypoxia can reduce burrowing depth, infauna can still increase the depth to which oxygen penetrates the sediment, but not to the same degree as they would under normoxic conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weissberger, Eric J.; Coiro, Laura L.; Davey, Earl W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Weissberger, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM weissberger.eric@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [AED-08-027] FX Karin Tammi of Roger Williams University kindly provided clams for this project. William Nelson assisted in collection of sediment. Joanne Spears and Newport Hospital kindly allowed us to use their CT scanning facilities. James Heltshe provided assistance with statistical analysis. Patricia DeCastro provided assistance with figures. Warren Boothman, Giancarlo Cicchetti, Glen Thursby, Joseph LiVolsi, Timothy Gleason, Suzanne Ayvazian, Wayne Munns, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This is contribution no. AED-08-027 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. Although the research described in this article has been funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. [ST] NR 83 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 31 PY 2009 VL 371 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.01.005 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 424HN UT WOS:000264557900007 ER PT J AU Vonderhee, AP Kauffman, PE Hieber, TE Brisbin, JA Melnyk, LJ Morgan, JN AF Vonderhee, Anne P. Kauffman, Peter E. Hieber, Thomas E. Brisbin, Judith A. Melnyk, Lisa Jo Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI Development of an Analytical Scheme for the Determination of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Composite Diet Samples SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; composite diet; GC-MS; pyrethroids; cleanup ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHASE EXTRACTION CLEANUP; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; RESIDUES; VEGETABLES; ORGANOCHLORINE; INSECTICIDES; COLUMN AB Analysis of an individual's total daily food intake may be used to determine aggregate dietary ingestion of given compounds. However, the resulting composite sample represents a complex mixture, and measurement of such can often prove to be difficult. In this work, an analytical scheme was developed for the determination of 12 select pyrethroid pesticides in dietary samples. In the first phase of the study, several cleanup steps were investigated for their effectiveness in removing interferences in samples with a range of fat content (1 - 10%). Food samples were homogenized in the laboratory, and preparatory techniques were evaluated through recoveries from fortified samples. The selected final procedure consisted of a lyophilization step prior to sample extraction. A sequential 2-fold cleanup procedure of the extract included diatomaceous earth for removal of lipid components followed with a combination of deactivated alumina and C(18) for the simultaneous removal of polar and nonpolar interferences. Recoveries from fortified composite diet samples (10 mu g kg(-1)) ranged from 50.2 to 147%. In the second phase of this work, three instrumental techniques [gas chromatography-microelectron capture detection (GC-mu ECD), GC-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-quadrupole-MS), and GC-ion trap-MS/MS] were compared for greatest sensitivity. GC-quadrupole-MS operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode proved to be most sensitive, yielding method detection limits of approximately 1 mu g kg(-1). The developed extraction/instrumental scheme was applied to samples collected in an exposure measurement field study. The samples were fortified and analyte recoveries were acceptable (75.9-125%); however, compounds coextracted from the food matrix prevented quantitation of four of the pyrethroid analytes in two of the samples considered. C1 [Vonderhee, Anne P.; Melnyk, Lisa Jo; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kauffman, Peter E.; Hieber, Thomas E.] US EPA, Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Brisbin, Judith A.] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Morgan, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, MS 564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Morgan.jeffrey@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Received for review October 17, 2008. Revised manuscript received January 16, 2009. Accepted January 20, 2009. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 2096 EP 2104 DI 10.1021/jf8032446 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 420QC UT WOS:000264303300002 PM 19292459 ER PT J AU Lohmann, R Bollinger, K Cantwell, M Feichter, J Fischer-Bruns, I Zabel, M AF Lohmann, Rainer Bollinger, Kevyn Cantwell, Mark Feichter, Johann Fischer-Bruns, Irene Zabel, Matthias TI Fluxes of soot black carbon to South Atlantic sediments SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; OXIDATION METHOD; NEW-YORK; AEROSOL AB Deep sea sediment samples from the South Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for soot black carbon (BC), total organic carbon (TOC), stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Soot BC was present at low concentrations (0.04-0.17% dry weight), but accounted for 3-35% of TOC. Fluxes of soot BC were calculated on the basis of known sedimentation rates and ranged from 0.5 to 7.8 mu g cm(-2) a(-1), with higher fluxes near Africa compared to South America. Values of delta C-13 indicated a marine origin for the organic carbon but terrestrial sources for the soot BC. PAH ratios implied a pyrogenic origin for most samples and possibly a predominance of traffic emissions over wood burning off the African coast. A coupled ocean-atmosphere-aerosol-climate model was used to determine fluxes of BC from 1860 to 2000 to the South Atlantic. Model simulation and measurements both yielded higher soot BC fluxes off the African coast and lower fluxes off the South American coast; however, measured sedimentary soot BC fluxes exceeded simulated values by similar to 1 mu g cm(-2) a(-1) on average (within a factor of 2-4). For the sediments off the African coast, soot BC delivery from the Congo River could possibly explain the higher flux rates, but no elevated soot BC fluxes were detected in the Amazon River basin. In total, fluxes of soot BC to the South Atlantic were similar to 480-700 Gg a(-1) in deep sea sediments. Our results suggest that attempts to construct a global mass balance of BC should include estimates of the atmospheric deposition of BC. C1 [Lohmann, Rainer; Bollinger, Kevyn] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Feichter, Johann; Fischer-Bruns, Irene] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Zabel, Matthias] Univ Bremen, MARUM Geowissensch, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Lohmann, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lohmann@gso.uri.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; Zabel, Matthias/E-5044-2011; OI Zabel, Matthias/0000-0003-4681-1821; Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 FU URI Council; Vetlesen and Monel foundations FX R. Lohmann acknowledges support by the URI Council for Research for this research project, support by the Vetlesen and Monel foundations, K. Seiter (University of Bremen) for helpful discussion, A. Sweetman (Lancaster University) for producing Figure 2, J. Sullivan (URI) for additional BC analyses, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 72 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR 24 PY 2009 VL 23 AR GB1015 DI 10.1029/2008GB003253 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426BJ UT WOS:000264682100002 ER PT J AU Shamim, AN AF Shamim, A. Najm TI Possible nanotechnology-based antimicrobial pesticides: New chemical and difficulties involved in regulating, and conducting dietary risk assessments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shamim, A. Najm] US EPA, Antimicrobials Div, Off Pesticides Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Shamim.Najm@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 115-AGFD BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800065 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA Nicolaou, PA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Shoemaker, Jody A. Nicolaou, Persoulla A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Treating water contaminated with cyanotoxins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nicolaou, Persoulla A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; shoemaker.jody@epa.gov; nicolapa@email.uc.edu; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 118-AGFD BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800083 ER PT J AU Adams, WA Namboodiri, VV Impellitteri, CA AF Adams, William A. Namboodiri, Vasudevan V. Impellitteri, Christopher A. TI Trace analysis of DEET in water using an on-line preconcentration column and liquid chromatography with UV photodiode array detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adams, William A.; Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Namboodiri, Vasudevan V.] US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM adams.william@epa.gov; namboodiri.vasudevan@epa.gov; Impellitteri.Christopher@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 60-ANYL BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800345 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Improved understanding of Pd/Mg systems through a study of critical system parameters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM agarwash@email.uc.edu; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 158-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804038 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Holman, E AF Anderson, Lisa A. Holman, Elizabeth TI Methods for analyzing carbon sequestration at USEPA Superfund remediation sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anderson, Lisa A.] Albion Coll, Dept Chem, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Holman, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Techonol Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM laa10@albion.edu; holman.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 537-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802102 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Nicolaou, PA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Nicolaou, Persoulla A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Detoxification of water contaminated with the cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR, by utilizing thin TiO2 photocatalytic films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nicolaou, Persoulla A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; nicolapa@email.uc.edu; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 69-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804053 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Ruthenium supported on magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient and recoverable catalyst for hydrogenation of alkynes and transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Baruwati.Babita@epa.gov; polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 744-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805158 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Conventional and microwave hydrothermal synthesis of monodispersed metal oxide nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Baruwati.Babita@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 92-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802754 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Agarwal, S Graybill, E AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Agarwal, Shirish Graybill, Eric TI Reactive activated carbon impregnated with Fe/Pd: PCBs dechlorination reactivity and capacity, aging, and oxidation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Graybill, Eric] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM choi.hyeok@epa.gov; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; agarwash@email.uc.edu; graybill.eric@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 141-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804046 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Perera, L Garcia-Diaz, M Bebenek, K Kunkel, T Pedersen, LG AF Cisneros, G. Andres Perera, Lalith Garcia-Diaz, Miguel Bebenek, Katarzyna Kunkel, Thomas Pedersen, Lee G. TI Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical studies of the reaction mechanism of human DNA polymerase lambda with Mg2+ and Mn2+ SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cisneros, G. Andres; Perera, Lalith; Garcia-Diaz, Miguel; Bebenek, Katarzyna; Kunkel, Thomas] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Garcia-Diaz, Miguel; Bebenek, Katarzyna; Kunkel, Thomas] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pedersen, Lee G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cisnero1@niehs.nih.gov RI Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 93-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803492 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Continuous, high-yield synthesis of dipyrromethanes using a spinning tube-in-tube reacto SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM iecprogramchair@gmail.com; gonzalez.michael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 107-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802841 ER PT J AU El Badawy, A Luxton, T Tolyamat, T Scheckel, KG AF El Badawy, Amro Luxton, Todd Tolyamat, Thabet Scheckel, Kirk G. TI Evaluating the impact of varying synthesis methods on surface charging and aggregation of silver nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [El Badawy, Amro] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Luxton.Todd@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 128-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804242 ER PT J AU El-Badawy, A Luxton, T Scheckle, K Tolaymat, T Suidan, M AF El-Badawy, Amro Luxton, Todd Scheckle, Kirk Tolaymat, Thabet Suidan, Makram TI Silver speciation and leachability from silver nanomaterial containing consumer fabric SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [El-Badawy, Amro; Suidan, Makram] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Luxton, Todd; Scheckle, Kirk; Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Luxton.Todd@epa.gov; msuidan@boss.cee.uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 129-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804243 ER PT J AU Heithmar, EM AF Heithmar, Eward M. TI Characterizing metal-based nanoparticles in surface water by single-particle ICPMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heithmar, Eward M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM heithmar.ed@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 58-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803227 ER PT J AU Honeyman, BD Tinnacher, RM Diaz, AD Kantar, C Harper, RMS Gillow, J AF Honeyman, Bruce D. Tinnacher, Ruth M. Diaz, Angelique D. Kantar, Cetin Harper, Ruth M. Sofield Gillow, Jeff TI Biogeochemistry of plutonium transport SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Honeyman, Bruce D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tinnacher, Ruth M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Diaz, Angelique D.] US EPA, Indoor Air Tox & Transportat Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Kantar, Cetin] Mersin Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-33343 Mersin, Turkey. [Harper, Ruth M. Sofield] Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Gillow, Jeff] ARCADIS US Inc, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129 USA. EM honeyman@mines.edu RI Tinnacher, Ruth/I-4845-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 147-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804360 ER PT J AU Joo, SH Luxton, T Al-Abed, SR AF Joo, Sung Hee Luxton, Todd Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Effect of functional groups in dispersants for the transport of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in quartz sands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joo, Sung Hee] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Luxton, Todd; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Joo.Sunghee@epa.gov; Luxton.Todd@epa.gov; Abed.Souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 164-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804059 ER PT J AU Kanel, SR Costanza, J Pennell, KD AF Kanel, S. R. Costanza, Jed Pennell, Kurt D. TI Catalytic reduction of tetrachloroethene dense nonaqueous phase liquid by different types of reactive iron nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pennell, Kurt D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Costanza, Jed] US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM sushil.kanel@ce.gatech.edu; kurt.pennell@ce.gatech.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 77-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803437 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, Barbara TI Progress in green nanotechnology and this symposium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karn, Barbara] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM karn.barbara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 9-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802783 ER PT J AU Kikandi, SN Wang, Q Sadik, OA Varner, KE AF Kikandi, Samuel. N. Wang, Qiong Sadik, Omowunmi. A. Varner, Katrina. E. TI Novel sensors for quantitation and cytotoxicity of selected nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kikandi, Samuel. N.; Wang, Qiong; Sadik, Omowunmi. A.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Varner, Katrina. E.] US EPA, Characterizat Res Div, NERL, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM skikand1@binghamton.edu; qwang3@binghamton.edu; osadik@binghamton.edu; varner.katrina@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 240-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804198 ER PT J AU Kong, LJ Chen, K Zepp, R AF Kong, Lingjun Chen, Kyle Zepp, Richard TI Investigation of photochemical properties of C-60 aggregates in water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kong, Lingjun] US EPA, Natl Res Council Associate, NERL ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Chen, Kyle] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kong.lynn@epa.gov; zepp.richard@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 204-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804223 ER PT J AU Mills, M AF Mills, Marc TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals and other emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water treatment technologies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mills, Marc] US EPA, ORD NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mills.marc@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 41-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804228 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Role of natural water matrix in the photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR with NF-TiO2 films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pelaezma@uc.edu; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 117-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802791 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI ORGN 271-Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: A novel heterogeneous catalyst support SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 271-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857806180 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted synthesis of dendritic nanoferrites and their applications in catalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 484-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805163 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Organo- and nano-catalyst in greener reaction medium: Microwave-assisted expedient synthesis of fine chemicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 41-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801176 ER PT J AU Savage, NF AF Savage, Nora F. TI US EPA: Nanotechnology green applications and other environmental benefits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Savage, Nora F.] US EPA, ORD, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM savage.nora@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 10-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802825 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI Greener strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; mallikarjuna.nadagouda@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 87-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802758 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted synthesis of organics and nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 40-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801431 ER PT J AU Zhao, AQ Sahle-Demessie, E Sorial, GA AF Zhao, Amy Q. Sahle-Demessie, E. Sorial, George A. TI Reduction of perchlorate from contaminated waters using zero valent iron and palladium enhanced by UV light SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sahle-Demessie, E.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM zhao.amy@epa.gov; sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov; George.Sorial@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 97-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804003 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetically recoverable supported ruthenium catalyst for hydrogenation of alkynes and transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ruthenium catalyst; Magnetically separable; Hydrogenation; Microwave heating; Transfer hydrogenation ID ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; BULK SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; PD; TRANSFORMATIONS; COMPLEXES; GREENER; RU; AG AB A ruthenium (Ru) Catalyst Supported on magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe(2)O(4)) has been successfully synthesized and used for hydrogenation of alkynes at room temperature as well as transfer hydrogenation of a number of carbonyl compounds under microwave it-radiation conditions. The catalyst shows excellent selectivity towards the desired products with very high yield even after 5 repeated uses. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443,26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 31 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1215 EP 1218 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.014 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 412UL UT WOS:000263749600015 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, LS AF Birnbaum, Linda S. TI CLARIFYING BPA INFORMATION (vol 87, pg 7, 2009) SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 424UF UT WOS:000264593100003 ER PT J AU Kaplan, PO Decarolis, J Thorneloe, S AF Kaplan, P. Ozge Decarolis, Joseph Thorneloe, Susan TI Is It Better To Burn or Bury Waste for Clean Electricity Generation? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL; LABORATORY-SCALE LANDFILLS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENERGY PROJECTS; MANAGEMENT; COMBUSTION; COMPONENTS; INVENTORY; MODEL AB The use of municipal solid Waste (MSW) to generate electricity through landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) and waste-to-energy (WTE) projects represents roughly 14% of U.S. nonhydro renewable electricity generation. Although various aspects of LFGTE and WTE have been analyzed in the literature, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive set of life-cycle emission factors per unit of electricity generated for these energy recovery options. In addition, sensitivity analysis is conducted on key inputs (e.g., efficiency of the WTE plant, landfill gas management schedules, oxidation rate, and waste composition) to quantify the variability in the resultant life-cycle emissions estimates. While methane from landfills results from the anaerobic breakdown of biogenic materials, the energy derived from WTE results from the combustion of both biogenic and fossil materials. The greenhouse gas emissions for WTE ranges from 0.4 to 1.5 MTCO(2)e/MWh, whereas the most agressive LFGTE scenerio results in 2.3 MTCO(2)e/MWh. WTE also produces lower NO, emissions than LFGTE, whereas SO, emissions depend on the specific configurations of WTE and LFGTE. C1 [Decarolis, Joseph] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thorneloe, Susan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kaplan, PO (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Res & Educ Postdoctoral Fellowship, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM kaplan.ozge@epa.gov RI DeCarolis, Joseph/F-4869-2013; OI DeCarolis, Joseph/0000-0003-4677-4522 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1717 DI 10.1021/es802395e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417WI UT WOS:000264108800012 PM 19368161 ER PT J AU Ludwig, RD Smyth, DJA Blowes, DW Spink, LE Wilkin, RT Jewett, DG Weisener, CJ AF Ludwig, Ralph D. Smyth, David J. A. Blowes, David W. Spink, Laura E. Wilkin, Richard T. Jewett, David G. Weisener, Christopher J. TI Treatment of Arsenic, Heavy Metals, and Acidity Using a Mixed ZVI-Compost PRB SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MINE DRAINAGE; ZEROVALENT IRON; REMOVAL; WATER; PRECIPITATION; AQUIFERS; FIELD AB A 30-month performance evaluation of a pilot permeable reactive barrier (PRB) consisting of a mixture of leaf compost zero-valent iron (ZVI), limestone, and pea gravel was conducted at a former phosphate fertilizer manufacturing facility in Charleston, SC. The PRB is designed to remove heavy metals and arsenic from groundwater by promoting microbially mediated sulfate reduction and sulfide-mineral precipitation and arsenic and heavy metal sorption. Performance monitoring showed effective treatment of As, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni from concentrations. as high as 206 mg L(-1), 2.02 mg L(-1), 0.324 mg L(-1), 1060 mg L(-1), and 2.12 mg L(-1), respectively, entering the PRB, to average concentrations of <0.03 mg L(-1), < 0.003 mg L(-1), < 0.001 mg L(-1), < 0.23 mg L(-1), and <0.003 mg L(-1), respectively, within the PRB. Both As(III)) and As(V) were effectively removed from solution with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of core samples indicating the presence of As(V) in oxygen-bound form and As(III) in both oxygen- and sulfur-bound forms. XANES solid phase sulfur analysis indicated decreases in the peak amplitude of intermediate oxidized sulfur species and sulfate components with increasing distance and depth within the PRB. C1 [Ludwig, Ralph D.; Wilkin, Richard T.; Jewett, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Smyth, David J. A.; Blowes, David W.; Spink, Laura E.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Weisener, Christopher J.] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Ludwig, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ludwig.ralph@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1970 EP 1976 DI 10.1021/es802394p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417WI UT WOS:000264108800051 PM 19368200 ER PT J AU Conny, JM Norris, GA Gould, TR AF Conny, J. M. Norris, G. A. Gould, T. R. TI Factorial-based response-surface modeling with confidence intervals for optimizing thermal-optical transmission analysis of atmospheric black carbon SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric aerosol; Light-absorbing carbon; Elemental carbon; Thermal-optical analysis; Response-surface modeling ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; INTEGRATING PLATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; FILTER; REFLECTANCE; TRANSMITTANCE; AETHALOMETER AB Thermal-optical transmission (TOT) analysis measures black carbon (BC) in atmospheric aerosol on a fibrous filter. The method pyrolyzes organic carbon (OC) and employs laser light absorption to distinguish BC from the pyrolyzed OC: however, the instrument does not necessarily separate the two physically. In addition, a comprehensive temperature protocol for the analysis based on the Beer-Lambert Law remains elusive. Here, empirical response-surface modeling was used to show how the temperature protocol in TOT analysis can be modified to distinguish pyrolyzed OC from BC based on the Beer-Lambert Law. We determined the apparent specific absorption cross sections for pyrolyzed OC (sigma(Char)) and BC (sigma(BC)), which accounted for individual absorption enhancement effects within the filter. Response-surface models of these cross sections were derived from a three-factor central-composite factorial experimental design: temperature and duration of the high-temperature step in the helium phase, and the heating increase in the helium-oxygen phase. The response surface for sigma(BC), which varied with instrument conditions. revealed a ridge indicating the correct conditions for OC pyrolysis in helium. The intersection of the sigma(BC) and sigma(Char) surfaces indicated the conditions where the cross sections were equivalent, satisfying an important assumption upon which the method relies. 95% confidence interval surfaces defined a confidence region for a range of pyrolysis conditions. Analyses of wintertime samples from Seattle, WA revealed a temperature between 830 degrees C and 850 degrees C as most suitable for the helium high-temperature step lasting 150s. However, a temperature as low as 750 degrees C could not be rejected statistically. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Conny, J. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Norris, G. A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gould, T. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Conny, JM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.conny@nist.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [DW-13-93997301-01] FX The authors would like to thank D. Napier, J. Brown, and E. Edgerton of Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Durham, NC, and S. Biswas, B. Chakrabarti, and C. Sioutas of the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA for assistance in collecting samples. In addition, we thank J.J. Filliben of NIST for helpful discussions on the experimental design used in this study. This work was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement (IAG) contract #DW-13-93997301-01 with NIST. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S.EPA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 635 IS 2 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.046 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 413AE UT WOS:000263764500003 PM 19216871 ER PT J AU Lu, XX Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH AF Lu, Xiaoxia Wilson, John T. Kampbell, Donald H. TI Comparison of an assay for Dehalococcoides DNA and a microcosm study in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in the field SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chlorinated ethenes; Reductive dechlorination; Detection of Dehalococcoides DNA; Microcosm study; Ground water ID VINYL-CHLORIDE REDUCTASE; IN-GROUND WATER; SP STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM; HYDROGEN; RATES AB The study aims to compare the detection of 16S rRNA gene of Dehalococcoides species and the microcosm study for biotransformation in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in ground water at hazardous waste sites. A total of 72 ground water samples were collected from 12 PCE or TCE contaminated sites in the United States. The samples were analyzed and used to construct microcosms in the laboratory. The results showed that the presence of Dehalococcoides DNA was well associated with dechlorination to ethene in the field. Nearly half of the wells where Dehalococcoides DNA was detected had ethene as a dechlorination end product. In comparison, for ground water samples of 16 wells where ethene was detected, ethene was produced in 11 of the corresponding microcosms. For most microcosms, during two years of incubation, dechlorination was less extensive than that observed in the field. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Xiaoxia] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wilson, John T.; Kampbell, Donald H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Kerr Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lu, XX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Yiheyuan Rd 5, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [3674] FX This work was performed while the first author (Xiaoxia Lu) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under an in-house project (Task 3674, MNA of Chlorinated Solvents). Portions of this work were supported through IAG # RW-57939566 "Identification of Processes that Control Natural Attenuation at Chlorinated Solvent Spill Sites" and IAG # RW57939929 "Identification of Mineral Substances that Enhance Natural Non-Biological Attenuation of Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Ground Water" between U.S. EPA and the U.S. Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence. The authors thank Cherri Adair and Phil Kaiser (U.S. EPA) for their assistance with field sampling and thank Phil Dennis and Ximena Druar (SiREM) for their assistance on Dehalococcoides DNA test. In addition, the authors are grateful to the help from the site managers who provided site maps and/or reports. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408SB UT WOS:000263454100014 PM 19121882 ER PT J AU Nacci, D Huber, M Champlin, D Jayaraman, S Cohen, S Gauger, E Fong, A Gomez-Chiarri, M AF Nacci, Diane Huber, Marina Champlin, Denise Jayaraman, Saro Cohen, Sarah Gauger, Eric Fong, Allison Gomez-Chiarri, Marta TI Evolution of tolerance to PCBs and susceptibility to a bacterial pathogen (Vibrio harveyi) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from New Bedford (MA, USA) harbor SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE PCB tolerance; Genetic adaptation; Fitness costs; Infectious disease ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ESTUARINE FISH; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INNATE IMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS AB A population of the non-migratory estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish) resident to New Bedford (NB), Massachusetts, USA, an urban harbor highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), demonstrates recently evolved tolerance to some aspects of PCB toxicity. PCB toxicology, ecological theory, and some precedence supported expectations of increased susceptibility to pathogens in NB killifish. However, laboratory bacterial challenges of the marine pathogen Vibrio harveyi to wild fish throughout the reproductive season and to their mature laboratory-raised progeny demonstrated comparable survival by NB and reference killifish, and improved survival by NB males. These results are inconsistent with hypothesized trade-offs of adaptation, and suggest that evolved tolerance in NB killifish may include mechanisms that minimize the immunosuppressive effects of PCBs. Compensatory strategies of populations persisting in highly contaminated environments provide a unique perspective for understanding the long-term ecological effects of toxic chemicals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nacci, Diane; Huber, Marina; Champlin, Denise; Jayaraman, Saro] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Cohen, Sarah] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Gauger, Eric; Fong, Allison; Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Aquaculture & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Nacci, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. EM nacci.diane@epa.gov; akualtzin@yahoo.com; champlin.denise@epa.gov; jayaraman.saro@epa.gov; sarahcoh@sfsu.edu; ejgauger@yahoo.com; fonga@hawaii.edu; gomezchi@uri.edu FU S EPA ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-05-079]; Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Rhode Island Coastal Fellowship; NCRR, NIH [P20 RR16457] FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Jane Copeland, and James Heltshe, and the helpful advice from reviewers of early drafts, Glen Thursby, Jason Grear, and Anne Kuhn, as well as that of anonymous reviewers contributing to the final version of this manuscript. This is contribution number AED-05-079 of the US EPA ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecology Division. Although the research described in this contribution has been funded partially by the US EPA, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. E. Gauger received support from the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. Funding for A. Fong was provided by the University of Rhode Island Coastal Fellowship program. Some aspects of this research were also made possible by the use of the Rhode Island-INBRE Research Core facility, supported by Grant #P20 RR16457 from NCRR, NIH. NR 108 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408SB UT WOS:000263454100020 PM 19110353 ER PT J AU Liao, YY Plummer, NW George, MD Abramowitz, J Zhu, MX Birnbaumer, L AF Liao, Yanhong Plummer, Nicholas W. George, Margaret D. Abramowitz, Joel Zhu, Michael Xi Birnbaumer, Lutz TI A role for Orai in TRPC-mediated Ca2+ entry suggests that a TRPC:Orai complex may mediate store and receptor operated Ca2+ entry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE diacylglycerol; STIM1; store operated calcium entry; transient receptor potential ID INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTORS; PLASMA MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR; CHANNEL FUNCTION; CALCIUM CURRENT; CATION CHANNEL; STIM1; ACTIVATION; CRAC; DEPLETION AB TRPC and Orai proteins have both been proposed to form Ca2+ selective, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channels that are activated by store-depletion with Ca2+ chelators or calcium pump inhibitors. In contrast, only TRPC proteins have been proposed to form nonselective receptor-operated calcium entry (ROCE) cation channels that are activated by Gq/Gi-PLC beta signaling, which is the physiological stimulus for store depletion. We reported previously that a dominant negative Orai1 mutant, R91W, inhibits Ca2+ entry through both SOCE and ROCE channels, implicating Orai participation in both channel complexes. However, the argument for Orai participating in ROCE independently of store depletion is tenuous because store depletion is an integral component of the ROCE response, which includes formation of IP3, a store-depleting agent. Here we show that the R91W mutant also blocks diacylglycerol (DAG)-activated Ca2+ entry into cells that stably, or transiently, express DAG-responsive TRPC proteins. This strongly suggests that Orai and TRPC proteins form complexes that participate in Ca2+ entry with or without activation of store depletion. To integrate these results with recent data linking SOCE with recruitment of Orai and TRPCs to lipid rafts by STIM, we develop the hypothesis that Orai: TRPC complexes recruited to lipid rafts mediate SOCE, whereas the same complexes mediate ROCE when they are outside of lipid rafts. It remains to be determined whether the molecules forming the permeation pathway are the same when Orai: TRPC complexes mediate ROCE or SOCE. C1 [Liao, Yanhong; Plummer, Nicholas W.; George, Margaret D.; Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhu, Michael Xi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci & Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Michael Xi] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mol Neurobiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Birnbaumer, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbau1@niehs.nih.gov RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; OI Plummer, Nicholas/0000-0003-2971-814X FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH [Z01-ES-101684] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (Z01-ES-101684). NR 44 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 9 BP 3202 EP 3206 DI 10.1073/pnas.0813346106 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414DM UT WOS:000263844100042 PM 19221033 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Self-Assembly of Metal Oxides into Three-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE metal oxides; nanocatalyst; green organic transformations ID SILVER DENDRITIC NANOSTRUCTURES; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; ANISOTROPIC GROWTH; COUPLING REACTIONS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; MULTIPODS; GOLD AB Nanostructured metal (Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Mo) oxides were fabricated under microwave irradiation conditions in pure water without using any reducing or capping reagent. The metal oxides self-assembled into octahedra, spheres, triangular rods, pine, and hexagonal snowflake-like three-dimensional morphologies. Pine-structured nano-iron oxides were studied as a novel support for various catalytic organic transformations. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Lab, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 65 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 11 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1021/nn800903p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 423ZL UT WOS:000264535200034 PM 19209927 ER PT J AU Baldauf, R Watkins, N Heist, D Bailey, C Rowley, P Shores, R AF Baldauf, R. Watkins, N. Heist, D. Bailey, C. Rowley, P. Shores, R. TI Near-road air quality monitoring: Factors affecting network design and interpretation of data SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Air quality; Health studies; Monitoring network design; Near-road; Traffic emissions AB The growing number of health studies identifying adverse health effects for populations spending significant amounts of time near large roadways has increased the interest in monitoring air quality in this microenvironment. Designing near-road air monitoring networks or interpreting previously collected near-road monitoring data is essential for transportation system planning, environmental impact assessments, and exposure assessments in health studies. For these applications, care must be taken in determining the pollutants of interest for both air quality and health assessments. In addition, planners and data analysts need to evaluate and understand the potential influence of the roadway type, design, and presence of roadside structures on the potential transport and dispersion of traffic-emitted pollutants on these air quality and health evaluations. This paper summarizes key factors related to the collection and interpretation of near-road air quality data from the perspective of the pollutants of interest and the location of the monitoring sites. C1 [Baldauf, R.; Shores, R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Watkins, N.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Heist, D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, R.; Bailey, C.; Rowley, P.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Baldauf.Richard@epa.gov NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s11869-009-0028-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HQ UT WOS:000208469500001 ER PT J AU Ryman-Rasmussen, JP Tewksbury, EW Moss, OR Cesta, MF Wong, BA Bonner, JC AF Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P. Tewksbury, Earl W. Moss, Owen R. Cesta, Mark F. Wong, Brian A. Bonner, James C. TI Inhaled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Potentiate Airway Fibrosis in Murine Allergic Asthma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; asthma; fibrosis; lung ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY TOXICITY; MICE; PARTICLES; INTERLEUKIN-13; FIBROBLASTS; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB Carbon nanotubes are gaining increasing attention due to possible health risks from occupational or environmental exposures. This study tested the hypothesis that inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) would increase airway fibrosis in mice with allergic asthma. Normal and ovalbumin-sensitized mice were exposed to a MWCNT aerosol (100 mg/m(3)) or saline aerosol for 6 hours. Lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined by histopathology, clinical chemistry, ELISA, or RT-PCR for cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, and Collagen at 1 and 14 days after inhalation. Inhaled MWCNT were distributed throughout the lung and found in macrophages by light microscopy, but were also evident in epithelial cells by electron microscopy. Quantitative morphometry showed significant airway fibrosis at 14 days in mice that received a combination of ovalbumin and MWCNT, but not in mice that received ovalbumin or MWCNT only. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice that did not inhale MWCNT had elevated levels IL-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 in lung lavage fluid, but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. In contrast, unsensitized mice that inhaled MWCNT had elevated PDGF-AA, but not increased levels of TGF-beta 1 and IL-13. This suggested that airway fibrosis resulting from combined ovalbumin sensitization and MWCNT inhalation requires PDGF, a potent fibroblast mitogen, and TGF-beta 1, which stimulates Collagen production. Combined ovalbumin sensitization and MWCNT inhalation also synergistically increased IL-5 mRNA levels, which could further contribute to airway fibrosis. These data indicate that inhaled MWCNT require pre-existing inflammation to cause airway fibrosis. Our findings suggest that individuals with pre-existing allergic inflammation may be susceptible to airway fibrosis from inhaled MWCNT. C1 [Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P.; Cesta, Mark F.; Bonner, James C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P.; Tewksbury, Earl W.; Moss, Owen R.; Cesta, Mark F.; Wong, Brian A.; Bonner, James C.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cesta, Mark F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bonner, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_bonner@ncsu.edu FU The American Chemistry Council's Long Range Research Initiative; The Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences; North Carolina State University's College of Agricultural and Life Sciences FX This study was funded by The American Chemistry Council's Long Range Research Initiative provided to The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, The Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences, and North Carolina State University's College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. NR 33 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0276OC PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 412PC UT WOS:000263735700012 PM 18787175 ER PT J AU Conolly, RB Miller, FJ Kimbell, JS Janszen, D AF Conolly, Rory B. Miller, Frederick J. Kimbell, Julia S. Janszen, Derek TI Formaldehyde Risk Assessment SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Miller, Frederick J.] Fred J Miller & Associates LLC, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Conolly, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM conolly.rory@epa.gov; fjmiller@nc.rr.com; kimbell@thehamner.org NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men084 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415OQ UT WOS:000263943900009 PM 19174485 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Chen, C Fox, JF Subramaniam, R Van Landingham, C AF Crump, Kenny S. Chen, Chao Fox, John F. Subramaniam, Ravi Van Landingham, Cynthia TI Formaldehyde Risk Assessment Reply SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID INDUCED RESPIRATORY CANCER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CARCINOGENICITY; UNCERTAINTIES; MODELS; RAT C1 [Crump, Kenny S.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Chen, Chao; Fox, John F.; Subramaniam, Ravi] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Van Landingham, Cynthia] ENVIRON Int Corp, Monroe, LA 71201 USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, POB 10348, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men088 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415OQ UT WOS:000263943900010 ER PT J AU Haberg, SE London, SJ Stigum, H Nafstad, P Nystad, W AF Haberg, S. E. London, S. J. Stigum, H. Nafstad, P. Nystad, W. TI Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and early childhood respiratory health SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE AGE; NORWEGIAN MOTHER; FOLATE; ASSOCIATION; COHORT; WOMEN; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES AB Background: Folate supplementation is recommended for pregnant women to reduce the risk of congenital malformations. Maternal intake of folate supplements during pregnancy might also influence childhood immune phenotypes via epigenetic mechanisms. Objective: To investigate the relationship between folate supplements in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze in children up to 18 months of age. Methods: In the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, questionnaire data collected at several time points during pregnancy and after birth on 32 077 children born between 2000 and 2005 were used to assess the effects of folate supplements during pregnancy on respiratory outcomes up to 18 months of age, while accounting for other supplements in pregnancy and supplementation in infancy. Results: Folate supplements in the first trimester were associated with increased risk of wheeze and respiratory tract infections up to 18 months of age. Adjusting for exposure later in pregnancy and in infancy, the relative risk for wheeze for children exposed to folic acid supplements in the first trimester was 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.10), the relative risk for lower respiratory tract infections was 1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.15) and the relative risk for hospitalisations for lower respiratory tract infections was 1.24 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.41). Conclusions: Folic acid supplements in pregnancy were associated with a slightly increased risk of wheeze and lower respiratory tract infections up to 18 months of age. The results suggest that methyl donors in the maternal diet during pregnancy may influence respiratory health in children consistent with epigenetic mechanisms. C1 [Haberg, S. E.; Stigum, H.; Nafstad, P.; Nystad, W.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. [London, S. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [London, S. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nafstad, P.] Univ Oslo, Fac Med, Dept Community Hlth & Gen Practice, Oslo, Norway. RP Haberg, SE (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, POB 4404, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM siri.haberg@fhi.no OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Norwegian Association of Heart and Lung patients; Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; Norwegian Ministry of Health, NIH/NIEHS [N01-ES-85433]; NIH/NINDS [1 UO1 NS 047537-01]; Norwegian Research Council/FUGE [151918/S10] FX The study was supported by the Norwegian Association of Heart and Lung patients with EXTRA funds from the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, NIH/NIEHS (grant no. N01-ES-85433), NIH/NINDS (grant no. 1 UO1 NS 047537-01) and the Norwegian Research Council/FUGE (grant no. 151918/S10). The funding sources had no involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 28 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 8 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 EI 1468-2044 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1136/adc.2008.142448 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 410DR UT WOS:000263557600003 PM 19052032 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Frey, HC Burke, J Pinder, RW AF Oezkaynak, Haluk Frey, H. Christopher Burke, Janet Pinder, Robert W. TI Analysis of coupled model uncertainties in source-to-dose modeling of human exposures to ambient air pollution: A PM2.5 case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality model; Exposure model; Particulate matter; Variability; Uncertainty ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; PHILADELPHIA; PREDICTIONS; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB Quantitative assessment of human exposures and health effects due to air pollution involve detailed characterization of impacts of air quality on exposure and dose. A key challenge is to integrate these three components on a consistent spatial and temporal basis taking into account linkages and feedbacks. The current state-of-practice for such assessments is to exercise emission, meteorology, air quality, exposure, and dose models separately, and to link them together by using the output of one model as input to the subsequent downstream model. Quantification of variability and uncertainty has been an important topic in the exposure assessment community for a number of years. Variability refers to differences in the value of a quantity (e.g., exposure) over time, space, or among individuals. Uncertainty refers to lack of knowledge regarding the true value of a quantity. An emerging challenge is how to quantify variability and uncertainty in integrated assessments over the source-to-close continuum by considering contributions from individual as well as linked components. For a case study of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in North Carolina during July 2002, we characterize variability and uncertainty associated with each of the individual concentration, exposure and dose models that are linked, and use a conceptual framework to quantify and evaluate the implications of coupled model uncertainties. We find that the resulting overall uncertainties due to combined effects of both variability and uncertainty are smaller (usually by a factor of 3-4) than the crudely multiplied model-specific overall uncertainty ratios. Future research will need to examine the impact of potential dependencies among the model components by conducting a truly Coupled modeling analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oezkaynak, Haluk; Burke, Janet; Pinder, Robert W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Frey, H. Christopher] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Frey, Henry/0000-0001-9450-0804 FU EPA/ORD/NERL FX We are grateful to Drs. Alice Gilliland, David Holland, Markey Johnson and Mr. Brad Schultz with EPA/ORD/NERL and to Dr. Steven Hanna for their helpful comments on the manuscript, and to Dr. Lawrence W. Reiter (EPA/ORD/NERL) for his support during this research. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1641 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 417IZ UT WOS:000264071000006 PM 20041038 ER PT J AU Williams-DeVane, CR Wolf, MA Richard, AM AF Williams-DeVane, ClarLynda R. Wolf, Maritja A. Richard, Ann M. TI DSSTox chemical-index files for exposure-related experiments in ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus: enabling toxico-chemogenomics data linkages SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB The Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) ARYEXP and GEOGSE files are newly published, structure-annotated files of the chemical-associated and chemical exposure-related summary experimental content contained in the ArrayExpress Repository and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series (based on data extracted on September 20, 2008). ARYEXP and GEOGSE contain 887 and 1064 unique chemical substances mapped to 1835 and 2381 chemical exposure-related experiment accession IDs, respectively. The standardized files allow one to assess, compare and search the chemical content in each resource, in the context of the larger DSSTox toxicology data network, as well as across large public cheminformatics resources such as PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). C1 [Williams-DeVane, ClarLynda R.; Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Washington, DC USA. [Wolf, Maritja A.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Williams-DeVane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Washington, DC USA. FU NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research [CT833235-01-0] FX NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement CT833235-01-0 with North Carolina State University (to C. R. W.). NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 692 EP 694 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp042 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 413ZV UT WOS:000263834600030 PM 19158160 ER PT J AU Jefferson, WN Padilla-Banks, E Goulding, EH Lao, SPC Newbold, RR Williams, CJ AF Jefferson, Wendy N. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Goulding, Eugenia H. Lao, Shin-Ping C. Newbold, Retha R. Williams, Carmen J. TI Neonatal Exposure to Genistein Disrupts Ability of Female Mouse Reproductive Tract to Support Preimplantation Embryo Development and Implantation SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE development; early development; embryo; endocrine disruptor; environment; estrogens; female reproductive tract; ovary; oviduct; phytoestrogens; soy ID OOCYTE NEST BREAKDOWN; PHYTOESTROGEN GENISTEIN; INFANT FORMULA; IN-VITRO; SYSTEM; MICE; EXPRESSION; FOLLICLES; OVARY; RAT AB Female mice treated neonatally with the phytoestrogen genistein (50 mg/kg/day) have multioocyte follicles, lack regular estrous cyclicity, and are infertile even after superovulation. To determine the cause of their infertility, we examined oocyte developmental competence and timing of embryo loss. Eggs obtained by superovulation of genistein-treated or control females were equally capable of being fertilized in vitro and cultured to the blastocyst stage. However, if eggs were fertilized in vivo, retrieved at the pronucleus stage, and cultured, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of embryos from genistein-treated females reaching the blastocyst stage. When these blastocysts were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients, the number of live pups produced was similar to that in controls. Preimplantation embryo development in vivo was examined by flushing embryos from the oviduct and/or uterus. Similar numbers of one-cell and two-cell embryos were obtained from genistein-treated and control females. However, significantly fewer embryos (<50%) were obtained from genistein-treated females on postcoital Days 3 and 4. To determine if neonatal genistein treatment altered the ability of the uterus to support implantation, blastocysts from control donors were transferred to control and genistein-treated pseudopregnant recipients. These experiments demonstrated that genistein-treated females are not capable of supporting normal implantation of control embryos. Taken together, these results suggest that oocytes from mice treated neonatally with genistein are developmentally competent; however, the oviductal environment and the uterus have abnormalities that contribute to the observed reproductive failure. C1 [Jefferson, Wendy N.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Lao, Shin-Ping C.; Williams, Carmen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod Med Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Goulding, Eugenia H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gamete Biol Sect, Mol Toxicol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jefferson, Wendy N.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Mol Toxicol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jefferson, Wendy N.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Disruptor Sect, Mol Toxicol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), NIEHS NIH DHHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM williamsc5@niehs.nih.gov RI Williams, Carmen/E-2170-2013 OI Williams, Carmen/0000-0001-6440-7086 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 37 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.108.073171 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 410TZ UT WOS:000263602500005 PM 19005167 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Lin, R AF Cao, Heping Lin, Rui TI Quantitative Evaluation of His-Tag Purification and Immunoprecipitation of Tristetraprolin and its Mutant Proteins from Transfected Human Cells SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE His-tag purification; immunoprecipitation; in vivo radiolabeling; phosphorylation site; site-directed mutagenesis; tristetraprolin; zinc finger protein ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RECOMBINANT TRISTETRAPROLIN; BINDING PROPERTIES; TNF-ALPHA; ELEMENT; SITE AB Histidine (His)-tag is widely used for affinity purification of recombinant proteins, but the yield and purity of expressed proteins are quite different. Little information is available about quantitative evaluation of this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate His-tag procedure quantitatively and to compare it with immunoprecipitation using radiolabeled tristetraprolin (TTP), a zinc finger protein with anti-inflammatory property. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with wild-type and nine mutant plasmids with single or multiple phosphorylation site mutation(s) in His-TTP. These proteins were expressed and mainly localized in the cytosol of transfected cells by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. His-TTP proteins were purified by Ni-NTA beads with imidazole elution, or precipitated by TTP antibodies from transfected cells after being labeled with [(32)P]-orthophosphate. The results showed that (1) His-tag purification was more effective than immunoprecipitation for TTP purification; (2) mutations in TTP increased the yield of His-TTP by both purification procedures; and (3) mutations in TTP increased the binding affinity of mutant proteins for Ni-NTA beads. These findings suggest that bioengineering phosphorylation sites in proteins can increase the production of recombinant proteins. (C) 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 25: 461-467, 2009 C1 [Cao, Heping] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cao, Heping; Lin, Rui] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peacetd2003@yahoo.com; ruilin@peacetd.com FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Program. The authors thank Dr. Perry J. Blackshear (NIEHS/NIH) for his generous support, Dr. Wi S. Lai for the wild-type and S197A mutant TTP plasmids, Ms. Elizabeth A. Kennington (NIH/NIEHS) for her assistance on radiolabelling, and Dr. Joseph F. Urban Jr. (USDA/ARS) for his helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1021/bp.121 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 438RI UT WOS:000265572700020 PM 19330843 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JA Blaisdell, JA Limdi, NA AF Goldstein, J. A. Blaisdell, J. A. Limdi, N. A. TI A potentially deleterious new CYP2C9 polymorphism identified in an African American patient with major hemorrhage on warfarin therapy SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; EUROPEAN-AMERICANS; VARIANT; GENE C1 [Limdi, N. A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Neurol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Goldstein, J. A.; Blaisdell, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Limdi, NA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Neurol, 1719 6th Ave S,CIRC-312, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM nlimdi@uab.edu RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES021024-28]; NINDS NIH HHS [K23 NS045598-05, K23 NS045598] NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.10.011 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 409KJ UT WOS:000263504300013 PM 19083245 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Wrenn, BA AF Mukherjee, Biplab Wrenn, Brian A. TI Size distribution as a measure of dispersant performance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE crude oil; chemical dispersion; dispersant performance testing; droplet size distributions; baffled flask test ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; CRUDE-OIL; BIODEGRADATION AB Study of the chemical dispersion of crude oil using size distribution methods can provide important information needed for oil-spill response strategy, which is lacking in the more commonly used mass-concentration methods. Therefore, identification of a reliable method or methods that can provide accurate information regarding droplet size and the mass of oil dispersed is necessary. This research compared four such methods. Gravimetric analysis of the oil mass dispersed was biased low due to loss of volatile components, whereas UV spectroscopy provided accurate results. Size-distribution data obtained using an optical particle counter (OPC) produced accurate estimates of oil mass dispersed, but microscopic examination produced inaccurate and poorly reproducible estimates. Although size-distribution metrics (e. g., estimates of the mean diameter of the size distribution) produced by the two methods were similar, microscopic examination gave unreliable estimates of the number concentration of dispersed oil droplets due to the relatively small number of observations relative to the OPC. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab; Wrenn, Brian A.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0315-1468 J9 CAN J CIVIL ENG JI Can. J. Civ. Eng. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 540 EP 549 DI 10.1139/L08-147 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 439CO UT WOS:000265605400018 ER PT J AU Vulimiri, SV Misra, M Hamm, JT Mitchell, M Berger, A AF Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V. Misra, Manoj Hamm, Jonathan T. Mitchell, Matthew Berger, Alvin TI Effects of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke on the Global Metabolome of Human Lung Epithelial Cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE; EXPRESSION; EXTRACT; PROLIFERATION; CONDENSATE; INDUCTION; APOPTOSIS; RELEASE AB Metabolomics is a technology for identifying and quantifying numerous biochemicals across metabolic pathways. Using this approach, we explored changes in biochemical profiles of human alveolar epithelial carcinoma (A549) cells following in vitro exposure to mainstream whole smoke (WS) aerosol as well as to wet total particulate matter (WTPM) or gas/vapor phase (GVP), the two constituent phases of WS from 2R4F Kentucky reference cigarettes. A549 cells were exposed to WTPM or GVP (expressed as WTPM mass equivalent GVP volumes) at 0, 5, 25, or 50 mu g/mL or to WS from zero, two, four, and six cigarettes for 1 or 24 h. Cell pellets were analyzed for perturbations in biochemical profiles, with named biochemicals measured, analyzed, and reported in a heat map format, along with biochemical and physiological interpretations (mSelect, Metabolon Inc.). Both WTPM and GVP exposures likely decreased glycolysis (based on decreased glycolytic intermediaries) and increased oxidative stress and cell damage. Alterations in the Krebs cycle and the urea cycle were unique to WTPM exposure, while induction of hexosamines and alterations in lipid metabolism were unique to GVP exposure. WS altered glutathione (GSH) levels, enhanced polyamine and pantothenate levels, likely increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and increased phospholipid degradation marked by an increase in phosphoethanolamine. GSH, glutamine, and pantothenate showed the most significant changes with cigarette smoke exposure in A549 cells based on principal component analysis. Many of the changed biochemicals were previously reported to be altered by cigarette exposure, but the global metabolomic approach offers the advantage of observing changes to hundreds of biochemicals in a single experiment and the possibility for new discoveries. The metabolomic approach may thus be used as a screening tool to evaluate conventional and novel tobacco products offering the potential to reduce risks of smoking. C1 [Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Misra, Manoj; Hamm, Jonathan T.] Lorillard Tobacco Co, AW Spears Res Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27420 USA. [Mitchell, Matthew; Berger, Alvin] Metabolon, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Vulimiri, SV (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM suryvulimiri@gmail.com OI Vulimiri, Suryanarayana/0000-0003-3734-0036; Mitchell, Matthew/0000-0002-2681-4091 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1021/tx8003246 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 420SY UT WOS:000264310700013 PM 19161311 ER PT J AU Loganathan, B Phillips, M Mowery, H Jones-Lepp, TL AF Loganathan, Bommanna Phillips, Malia Mowery, Holly Jones-Lepp, Tammy L. TI Contamination profiles and mass loadings of macrolide antibiotics and illicit drugs from a small urban wastewater treatment plant SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PPCPS; Macrolide antibiotics; Methamphetamine; Ecstasy; Wastewater; Kentucky ID WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WILD FISH; PHARMACEUTICALS; SPECTROMETRY; EXPOSURE; FATE; ENVIRONMENT; ORGANISMS; KENTUCKY AB Information is limited regarding Sources, distribution, environmental behavior, and fate of prescribed and illicit drugs. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can be one of the sources of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP) into streams, rivers and lakes. The objective of this study was to determine the contamination profiles and mass loadings of urobilin (a chemical marker of human waste), macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin), and two drugs of abuse (methamphetamine and ecstasy), from a small (<19 mega liters day(-1), equivalent to <5 million gallons per day) wastewater treatment plant in southwestern Kentucky. The concentrations of azithromycin, clarithromycin, methamphetamine and ecstasy in wastewater samples varied widely, ranging from non-detects to 300 ng L(-1). Among the macrolide antibiotics analyzed, azithromycin was consistently detected in influent and effluent samples. in general, influent samples contained relatively higher concentrations of the analytes than the effluents. Based on the daily flow rates and an average concentration of 17.5 ng L(-1) in the effluent, the estimated discharge of azithromycin was 200 mg day(-1) (range 63-400 mg day(-1)). Removal efficiency of the detected analytes from this WWTP were in the following order: Urobilin > nnethamphetamine > azithromycin with percentages of removal of 99.9%, 54.5% and 47%, respectively, indicating that the azithromycin and methamphetamine are relatively more recalcitrant than others and have potential for entering receiving waters. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Loganathan, Bommanna; Phillips, Malia; Mowery, Holly] Murray State Univ, Dept Chem, Murray, KY 42071 USA. [Loganathan, Bommanna; Phillips, Malia; Mowery, Holly] Murray State Univ, Ctr Reservoir Res, Murray, KY 42071 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov RI Loganathan, Bommanna/A-5375-2012 OI Loganathan, Bommanna/0000-0001-5769-2579 NR 37 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.047 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430RN UT WOS:000265006300010 PM 19121838 ER PT J AU Engel-Cox, J Van Houten, B Phelps, J Rose, S AF Engel-Cox, Jill Van Houten, Bennett Phelps, Jerry Rose, Shyanika TI Conceptual model of comprehensive research metrics for improved human health and environment SO CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA LA English DT Reprint DE Conceptual model development; Environmental health research; Metrics development; Performance measurement; Research impact evaluation ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; LEAD AB Performance measurement predominantly consisted of near-term outputs measured through bibliometrics, but the recent focus is on accountability for investment based on long-term outcomes. Our objective is to build a logic model and associated metrics through which to measure the contribution of environmental health research programs to improvements in human health, the environment, and the economy. We developed a logic model that defines the components and linkages between extramural environmental health research grant programs and the outputs and outcomes related to health and social welfare, environmental quality and sustainability, economics, and quality of life, focusing on the environmental health research portfolio of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of Extramural Research and Training and delineates pathways for contributions by five types of institutional partners in the research process. The model is being applied to specific NIEHS research applications and the broader research community. We briefly discuss two examples and discuss the strengths and limits of outcome- based evaluation of research programs. C1 [Engel-Cox, Jill] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Van Houten, Bennett; Phelps, Jerry] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rose, Shyanika] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Engel-Cox, J (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 2101 Wilson Blvd,Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM engelcoxj@battelle.org NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ABRASCO PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA RUA HESPERIA, 16-PARTE MANGUINHOS, RIO DE JANEIRO, 21050-040, BRAZIL SN 1413-8123 J9 CIENC SAUDE COLETIVA JI Cienc. Saude Coletiva PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 BP 519 EP 531 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404AE UT WOS:000263122300020 PM 19197426 ER PT J AU Riedl, MA Saxon, A Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Riedl, Marc A. Saxon, Andrew Diaz-Sanchez, David TI Oral sulforaphane increases Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxidative stress; Antioxidants; Asthma; Allergic inflammation; Sulforaphane; Phase II enzymes; Air pollution ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BROCCOLI SPROUTS; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; NASAL CHALLENGE; IGE PRODUCTION; IN-VIVO; ISOTHIOCYANATES; ASTHMA AB Background: Cellular oxidative stress is an important factor in asthma and is thought to be the principle mechanism by which oxidant pollutants such as ozone and particulates mediate their pro-inflammatory effects. Endogenous Phase II enzymes abrogate oxidative stress through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and metabolism of reactive chemicals. Objective: We conducted a placebo-controlled dose escalation trial to investigate the in vivo effects of sulforaphane, a naturally occurring potent inducer of Phase II enzymes, on the expression of glutathione-s-transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione-s-transferase P1 (GSTP1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the upper airway of human subjects. Methods: Study subjects consumed oral sulforaphane doses contained in a standardized broccoli sprout homogenate (BSH). RNA expression for selected Phase II enzymes was measured in nasal lavage cells by RT-PCR before and after sulforaphane dosing. Results: All subjects tolerated oral sulforaphane dosing without significant adverse events. Increased Phase II enzyme expression in nasal lavage cells occurred in a dose-dependent manner with maximal enzyme induction observed at the highest dose of 200 g broccoli sprouts prepared as BSH. Significant increases were seen in all sentinel Phase II enzymes RNA expression compared to baseline. Phase II enzyme induction was not seen with ingestion of non-sulforaphane containing alfalfa sprouts. C1 [Riedl, Marc A.; Saxon, Andrew] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Hart & Louis Lab, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Riedl, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Ctr Hlth Sci 37 131, 10833 Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mriedl@mednet.ucla.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K12 RR017611, K12 RR017611-05]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI050495, P01 AI050495-05]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009581, 5P01ES09581-10]; PHS HHS [K12 R011 7611] NR 48 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 130 IS 3 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2008.10.007 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 409UD UT WOS:000263530400002 PM 19028145 ER PT J AU Hobbie, KR DeAngelo, AB King, LC Winn, RN Law, M AF Hobbie, Kristen R. DeAngelo, Anthony B. King, Leon C. Winn, Richard N. Law, McHugh TI Toward a molecular equivalent dose: Use of the medaka model in comparative risk assessment SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Risk assessment; Dose-response; DNA; Medaka; cll; Mutation; Adduct; DMN; Nitrosamines ID N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA; BLUE(R) TRANSGENIC MICE; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DNA-ADDUCTS; MUTATION SPECTRA; O-6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; MUTANT FREQUENCIES; CHRONIC INGESTION; CHRONIC EXPOSURE AB Recent changes in the risk assessment landscape underscore the need to be able to compare the results of toxicity and dose-response testing between a growing list of animal models and, quite possibly, an array of in vitro screening assays. How do we compare test results for a given compound between vastly different species? For example, what dose level in the ambient water of a small fish model would be equivalent to 10 ppm of a given compound in the rat's drinking water? Where do we begin? To initially address these questions, and in order to compare dose-response tests in a standard rodent model with a fish model, we used the concept of molecular dose. Assays that quantify types of DNA damage that are directly relevant to carcinogenesis integrate the factors such as chemical exposure, uptake, distribution, metabolism, etc. that tend to vary so widely between different phyletic levels. We performed parallel exposures in F344 rats and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to the alkylating hepatocarcinogen, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). In both models, we measured the DNA adducts 8-hydroxyguanine, N(7)-methylguanine and O(6)-methylguanine in the liver; mutation frequency using lambda cll transgenic medaka and lambda cll transgenic (Big Blue (R)) rats; and early morphological changes in the livers of both models using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Pulse dose levels in fish were 0, 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppm DMN in the ambient water for 14 days. Since rats are reported to be especially sensitive to DMN, they received 0, 0.1, 1.5. 10, or 25 ppm DMN in the drinking water for the same time period. While liver DNA adduct concentrations were similar in magnitude, mutant frequencies in the DMN-exposed medaka were up to 20 times higher than in the Big Blue rats. Future work with other compounds will generate a more complete picture of comparative dose response between different phyletic levels and will help guide risk assessors using "alternative" models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobbie, Kristen R.; Law, McHugh] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Comparat Biomed Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hobbie, Kristen R.; Law, McHugh] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hobbie, Kristen R.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [DeAngelo, Anthony B.; King, Leon C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Winn, Richard N.] Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Wamell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Law, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Comparat Biomed Sci Program, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM mac_law@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.013 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700004 PM 18722551 ER PT J AU Broussard, GW Norris, MB Schwindt, AR Fournie, JW Winn, RN Kent, ML Ennis, DG AF Broussard, Gregory W. Norris, Michelle B. Schwindt, Adam R. Fournie, John W. Winn, Richard N. Kent, Michael L. Ennis, Don G. TI Chronic Mycobacterium marinum infection acts as a tumor promoter in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Benzo[a]pyrene; Carcinogenesis; Hepatic neoplasia; Inflammation; Oryzias latipes; Tuberculosis; Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; LUNG-CANCER; RESEARCH FACILITIES; NONSMOKING WOMEN; BLADDER-CANCER; TARGET-CELLS; BURULI ULCER; DNA-DAMAGE AB An accumulating body of research indicates there is an increased cancer risk associated with chronic infections. The genus Mycobacterium contains a number of species, including M. tuberculosis, which mount chronic infections and have been implicated in higher cancer risk. Several non-tuberculosis mycobacterial species, including M. marinum, are known to cause chronic infections in fish and like human tuberculosis, often go undetected. The elevated carcinogenic potential for fish colonies infected with Mycobacterium spp. could have far reaching implications because fish models are widely used to study human diseases. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an established laboratory fish model for toxicology, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis; and produces a chronic tuberculosis-like disease when infected by M. marinum. We examined the role that chronic mycobacterial infections play in cancer risk for medaka. Experimental M. marinum infections of medaka alone did not increase the mutational loads or proliferative lesion incidence in all tissues examined. However, we showed that chronic M. marinum infections increased hepatocellular proliferative lesions in fish also exposed to low doses of the mutagen benzo[a]pyrene. These results indicate that chronic mycobacterial infections of medaka are acting as tumor promoters and thereby suggest increased human risks for cancer promotion in human populations burdened with chronic tuberculosis infections. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Broussard, Gregory W.; Ennis, Don G.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Norris, Michelle B.; Winn, Richard N.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Ennis, DG (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM dge5893@louisiana.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR11733, R24 RR011733]; NIAID NIH HHS [5R21AI055964-01, R21 AI055964, R21 AI055964-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES003850, P30 ES03850] NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700005 PM 18929684 ER PT J AU Spitsbergen, JM Blazer, VS Bowser, PR Cheng, KC Cooper, KR Cooper, TK Frasca, S Groman, DB Harper, CM Law, JM Marty, GD Smolowitz, RM Leger, JS Wolf, DC Wolf, JC AF Spitsbergen, Jan M. Blazer, Vicki S. Bowser, Paul R. Cheng, Keith C. Cooper, Keith R. Cooper, Timothy K. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. Groman, David B. Harper, Claudia M. Law, Jerry M. (Mac) Marty, Gary D. Smolowitz, Roxanna M. Leger, Judy St. Wolf, Douglas C. Wolf, Jeffrey C. TI Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Fish pathology; Aquatic model; Pathology training program; Invertebrate pathology; Standardized diagnostic criteria; Environmental sentinel; Histopathology; Aquatic animal medicine ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; ZEBRAFISH RESEARCH; JAPANESE MEDAKA; DRUG DISCOVERY; MODEL ORGANISM; HUMAN-DISEASE; MUTANT; ECHINODERMATA; HISTOLOGY AB Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of various organ systems of these diverse species. Yet, except for selected species long cultivated in aquaculture, pathology databases and the workforce of highly trained pathologists lag behind those available for most laboratory animals and domestic mammalian and avian species. Several factors must change to maximize the use, understanding, and protection of important aquatic species: 1) improvements in databases of abnormalities across species; 2) standardization of diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions; and 3) more uniform and rigorous training in aquatic morphologic pathology. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cheng, Keith C.] Penn State Coll Med, Div Expt Pathol, Jake Gittlen Canc Res Fdn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Cooper, Keith R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Cooper, Timothy K.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Comparat Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Groman, David B.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Aquat Diagnost Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Harper, Claudia M.] Amgen Inc, Preclin Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Law, Jerry M. (Mac)] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Marty, Gary D.] BC MAL, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. [Smolowitz, Roxanna M.] Cent Wharf, Anim Hlth, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Leger, Judy St.] Sea World San Diego, Pathol, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathology Labs Inc, Sterling, VA 20167 USA. RP Spitsbergen, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM spitsbej@onid.orst.edu RI Cheng, Keith/B-6506-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR12546, P40 RR012546, R24 RR017441, RR017441]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00210, ES03850, P30 ES000210, P30 ES003850, R21 ES013124-01A1, R21 ES013124-02] NR 141 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700017 PM 18948226 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA Johnson, BR AF Blocksom, K. A. Johnson, B. R. TI Development of a regional macroinvertebrate index for large river bioassessment SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Non-wadeable; Upper Midwest; Least disturbed condition; Biological indicator ID ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS STREAMS; ASSESSING BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; MULTIMETRIC INDEX; UNITED-STATES AB Large river bioassessment protocols lag far behind those of wadeable streams and often rely on fish assemblages of individual rivers. We developed a regional macroinvertebrate index and assessed relative condition of six large river tributaries to the upper Mississippi and Ohio rivers, Midwest USA. In 2004 and 2005, benthic macroinvertebrates, water chemistry, and habitat data were collected from randomly selected sites on each of the St. Croix, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Scioto, Wabash, and Illinois rivers. We first identified the human disturbance gradient using principal components analysis (PCA) of abiotic data. From the PCA, least disturbed sites showed strong separation from stressed sites along a gradient contrasting high water clarity, canopy cover, habitat scores, and plant-based substrates at one end and higher conductivity and nutrient concentrations at the other. Evaluation of 97 benthic metrics identified those with good range, responsiveness, and relative scope of impairment, as well as redundancies with other metrics. The final index was composed of Diptera taxa richness, EPT taxa richness, Coleoptera taxa richness, percent oligochaete and leech taxa, percent collector-filterer individuals, predator taxa richness, percent burrower taxa, tolerant taxa richness, and percent facultative individuals. Each of the selected metrics was scored using upper and lower thresholds based on all sites, and averaging across the nine metric scores, we obtained the Non-wadeable Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Condition Index (NMACI). The NMACI showed a strong response to disturbance using a validation data set and was highly correlated with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination axes of benthic taxa. The cumulative distribution function of index scores for each river showed qualitative differences in condition among rivers. NMACI scores were highest for the federally protected St. Croix River and lowest for the Illinois River. other rivers were intermediate and generally reflected the mixture of land use types within individual basins. Use of regional reference sites, though setting a high level of expectation, provides a valuable frame of reference for the potential of large river benthic communities that will aid management and restoration efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Blocksom, K. A.; Johnson, B. R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blocksom.karen@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; EPA Region 5 FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. We thank Ed Hammer and David Macarus from EPA Region 5 for their support of this study through the U.S. EPA's Regional Methods Program. The field work, laboratory processing and analysis of samples, and ISIS work for this study were carried out under contract number EP-D-06-096 by numerous Dynamac personnel, including Mark Berninger, Doug Noonan, Erica Grimmett, Bill Thoeny, Paul Grimmett, Molly Reif, and many others. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Thanks to Joe Flotemersch and two anonymous reviewers of earlier drafts of this manuscript for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.05.005 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378CI UT WOS:000261298300010 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Shafer, SL White, D Kareiva, P Maurer, EP Blaustein, AR Bartlein, PJ AF Lawler, Joshua J. Shafer, Sarah L. White, Denis Kareiva, Peter Maurer, Edwin P. Blaustein, Andrew R. Bartlein, Patrick J. TI Projected climate-induced faunal change in the Western Hemisphere SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; birds; climate change; climate envelope models; future projections; mammals; range shifts; species distributions ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; POTENTIAL CHANGES; RANDOM FORESTS; CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; PATTERNS; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate change is predicted to be one of the greatest drivers of ecological change in the coming century. Increases in temperature over the last century have clearly been linked to shifts in species distributions. Given the magnitude of projected future climatic changes, we can expect even larger range shifts in the coming century. These changes will, in turn, alter ecological communities and the functioning of ecosystems. Despite the seriousness of predicted climate change, the uncertainty in climate-change projections makes it difficult for conservation managers and planners to proactively respond to climate stresses. To address one aspect of this uncertainty, we identified predictions of faunal change for which a high level of consensus was exhibited by different climate models. Specifically, we assessed the potential effects of 30 coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) future-climate simulations on the geographic ranges of 2954 species of birds, mammals, and amphibians in the Western Hemisphere. Eighty percent of the climate projections based on a relatively low greenhouse-gas emissions scenario result in the local loss of at least 10% of the vertebrate fauna over much of North and South America. The largest changes in fauna are predicted for the tundra, Central America, and the Andes Mountains where, assuming no dispersal constraints, specific areas are likely to experience over 90% turnover, so that faunal distributions in the future will bear little resemblance to those of today. C1 [Lawler, Joshua J.; Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kareiva, Peter] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Maurer, Edwin P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlawler@u.washington.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 57 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 15 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 588 EP 597 DI 10.1890/08-0823.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413EX UT WOS:000263776800002 PM 19341131 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Divi, RL Einem, TL Richardson, DL Leonard, SL Keshova, N Poirier, MC Weston, A AF Keshava, Channa Divi, Rao L. Einem, Tracey L. Richardson, Diana L. Leonard, Sarah L. Keshova, Nagalakshmi Poirier, Miriam C. Weston, Ainsley TI Chlorophyllin Significantly Reduces Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA Adduct Formation and Alters Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 expression and EROD Activity in Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; microarray; chemoprevention; chlorophyllin; NQO1; chemiluminescence immunoassay; interferon ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEX FORMATION; DNA-ADDUCTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; AFLATOXIN B-1; COVALENT BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; LUNG-CANCER; MOUSE SKIN; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION AB We hypothesized that chlorophyllin (CHLN) would reduce benzo[a]pyrene-DNA (BP-DNA) adduct levels. Using normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) exposed to 4 mu M BP for 24 hr in the presence or absence of 5 mu M CHLN, we measured BP-DNA adducts by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). The protocol included the following experimental groups: BP alone, BP given simultaneously with CHLN (BP+CHLN) for 24 hr, CHLN given for 24 hr followed by BP for 24 hr (preCHLN, postBP), and CHLN given for 48 hr with BP added for the last 24 hr (preCHLN, postBP+CHLN). Incubation with CHLN decreased BPdG levels in all groups, with 87% inhibition in the preCHLN, postBP+CHLN group. To examine metabolic mechanisms, we monitored expression by Affymetrix microarray (U133A), and found BP-induced up-regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression, as well as upregulation of groups of interferon-inducible, inflammation and signal transduction genes. Incubation of cells with CHLN and BP in any combination decreased expression of many of these genes. Using reverse transcription real time PCR (RT-PCR) the maximal inhibition of BP-induced gene expression, >85% for CYP1A1 and >70% for CYP1B1, was observed in the preCHLN, postBP + CHLN group. To explore the relationship between transcription and enzyme activity, the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay was used to measure the combined CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 activities. BP exposure caused the EROD levels to double, when compared with the unexposed controls, The CHLN-exposed groups all showed EROD levels similar to the unexposed controls. Therefore, the addition of CHLN to BP-exposed cells reduced BPdG formation and CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression, but EROD activity was not significantly reduced. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 50:134-144, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(+) C1 [Divi, Rao L.; Einem, Tracey L.; Leonard, Sarah L.; Poirier, Miriam C.] NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Keshava, Channa; Richardson, Diana L.; Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Mol Carcinogenesis Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Keshava, Channa; Keshova, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 37,Rm 4032,37 Convent Dr,MSC-4255, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM poirierm@exchange.nih.gov FU US Centers, for Disease Control (CDC); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research FX Grant sponsors: Intramural Research Programs of the US Centers, for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1002/em.20449 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 408SS UT WOS:000263455900010 PM 19152381 ER PT J AU Sidle, W AF Sidle, William TI Vulnerability of headwater catchment resources to incidences of Pb-210 excess and Cs-137 radionuclide fallout SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environmental - Survival and Sustainability (ESS 2007) CY FEB 19-24, 2007 CL Lefkosa, CYPRUS DE Radioactivity; Water Tracing; Isotope Geochemistry ID OUTDOOR AIR; WATER; SOILS; BE-7; FLOW; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; MAINE; RADON; SIZE AB Recent identification of elevated excess Pb-210 (a parts per thousand currency sign302.6 mBq L-1) and Cs-137 (a parts per thousand currency sign111.3 mBq L-1) activity in drinking water wells up to 20 m depth indicates some transport of airborne radionuclide fallout beyond soils in the Shaker Village catchment, Maine. Estimated airborne mass loading Pb-210(ex) fluxes of about 0.9 mBq m(-3), canvass this headwater catchment and may be sufficient to pose risks to unprotected shallow wells. Inventories of Pb-210(ex) and Cs-137 in pond sediments indicate maximum median activities of 943 mBq g(-1) and 40.0 mBq g(-1), respectively. Calculated Pb-210(ex) fluxes in the catchment soils range from 0.62-0.78 Bq cm(-2) year(-1) and yield a mean residence time of near 140 years. Measured Cs-137 activity up to 51.1 mBq g(-1) occurs in sediments at least to 5 m depth. Assumed particle transport in groundwater with apparent Kr-85 ages less than 5 years BP (2005) may explain the correlation between these particle-reactive radionuclides and elevated activity in some drinking water wells. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sidle, W (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1306-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 407KI UT WOS:000263361600015 ER PT J AU Mo, JY Xia, YJ Ning, ZX Wade, TJ Mumford, JL AF Mo, Jinyao Xia, Yajuan Ning, Zhixiong Wade, Timothy J. Mumford, Judy L. TI Elevated Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Expression in Blood Cells Associated with Chronic Arsenic Exposure in Inner Mongolia, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; blood; drinking water; gene expression; hTERT; humans; mRNA; nail; telomerase; skin hyperkeratosis ID JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; GENOMIC STABILITY; DRINKING-WATER; HUMAN NAILS; DNA-REPAIR; CANCER; HTERT; STRESS; SKIN AB BACKGROUND: Arsenic exposure is associated with human cancer. Telomerase-containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) can extend telomeres of chromosomes, delay senescence, and promote cell proliferation leading to tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of As on hTERT mRNA expression in humans and in vitro. METHOD: A total of 324 Inner Mongolia residents who have been exposed to As via drinking water participated in this study. Water and toenail samples were collected and analyzed for As. Blood samples were quantified for hTERT mRNA expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The hTERT mRNA levels were linked to water and nail As concentrations and skin hyperkeratosis. Human epidermal keratinocytes were treated with arsenite to assess effects on cell viability and hTERT expression in vitro. RESULTS: hTERT mRNA expression levels were significantly associated with As concentrations of water (p < 0.0001) and nails (p = 0.002) and also associated with severity of skin hyperkeratosis (p < 0.05), adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and pesticide use. Females showed a higher slope than males (females: 0.126, p = 0.0005; males: 0.079, p = 0.017). In addition to water and nail As concentrations, age (p < 0.0001) and pesticide use (p = 0.025) also showed significant associations with h TERT expression. The h TERT expression levels decreased with age. Tobacco smoking did not affect hTERT expression (p = 0.13). hTERT expression was significantly correlated with OGG1 and ERCC1 expression. The in vitro results also showed a dose-response relationship between arsenite concentrations and hTERT expression and reached the peak at 1 PM. CONCLUSIONS: h TERT expression was associated with As exposure in vivo and in vitro. The increased hTERT expression may be a cellular response to genomic insults by As and may also indicate that As may function as a tumor promoter in carcinogenesis in humans. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mo, Jinyao] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Xia, Yajuan] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Ning, Zhixiong] BA Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Mumford, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mumford.judy@epa.gov NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1289/ehp.11532 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415KV UT WOS:000263933600021 PM 19337508 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Judson, RS Reif, DM Kavlock, RJ Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Judson, Richard S. Reif, David M. Kavlock, Robert J. Dix, David J. TI Profiling Chemicals Based on Chronic Toxicity Results from the US EPA ToxRef Database SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; chronic toxicity; pesticides; relational database; toxicity profile AB BACKGROUND: Thirty years of pesticide registration toxicity data have been historically stored as hardcopy and scanned documents by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A significant portion of these data have now been processed into standardized and structured toxicity data within the EPA's Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB), including chronic, cancer, developmental, and reproductive studies from laboratory animals. These data are now accessible and mineable within ToxRefDB and are serving as a primary source of validation for U.S. EPA's ToxCast research program in predictive toxicology. OBJECTIVES: We profiled in vivo toxicities across 310 chemicals as a model application of ToxRefDB, meeting the need for detailed anchoring end points for development of ToxCast predictive signatures. METHODS: Using query and structured data-mining approaches, we generated toxicity profiles from ToxRefDB based on long-term rodent bioassays. These chronic/cancer data were analyzed for suitability as anchoring end points based on incidence, target organ, severity, potency, and significance. RESULTS: Under conditions of the bioassays, we observed pathologies for 273 of 310 chemicals' with greater preponderance (> 90%) occurring in the liver, kidney, thyroid, lung, testis, and spleen. We observed proliferative lesions for 225 chemicals, and 167 chemicals caused progression to cancer-related pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on incidence, severity, and potency, we selected 26 primarily tissue-specific pathology end points to uniformly classify the 310 chemicals. The resulting toxicity profile classifications demonstrate the utility of structuring legacy toxicity information and facilitating the computation of these data within ToxRefDB for ToxCast and other applications. C1 [Martin, Matthew T.; Judson, Richard S.; Reif, David M.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martin, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD D343-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Martin.Matt@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU U.S. EPA FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 18 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 392 EP 399 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800074 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415KV UT WOS:000263933600027 PM 19337514 ER PT J AU Li, JJ Ghio, AJ Cho, SH Brinckerhoff, CE Simon, SA Liedtke, W AF Li, Jinju Ghio, Andrew J. Cho, Seung-Hyun Brinckerhoff, Constance E. Simon, Sidney A. Liedtke, Wolfgang TI Diesel Exhaust Particles Activate the Matrix-Metalloproteinase-1 Gene in Human Bronchial Epithelia in a beta-Arrestin-Dependent Manner via Activation of RAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE beta-arrestin; bronchial epithelia; diesel particles; MAP kinase; MMP-1; MMP-1 promoter polymorphism; urban smog ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1; MMP-1 PROMOTER; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; PROTEIN-KINASE; AIR-POLLUTION; GROWTH-FACTOR; UP-REGULATION; LUNG-CANCER AB BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are globally relevant air pollutants that exert a detrimental human health impact. However, mechanisms of damage by DEP exposure to human respiratory health and human susceptibility factors are only partially known. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) has been implied as an (etio)pathogenic factor in human lung and airway diseases such as emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic asthma, tuberculosis, and bronchial carcinoma and has been reported to be regulated by DEPs. OBJECTIVE: We elucidated the molecular mechanisms of DEPs' up-regulation of MMP-1. METHODS/RESULTS: Using permanent and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells at air-liquid interface, we show that DEPs activate the human MMP-1 gene via RAS and subsequent activation of RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, which can be scaffolded by beta-arrestins. Short interfering RNA mediated beta-arrestin1/2 knockout eliminated formation, subsequent nuclear trafficking of phosphorylated ERK1/2, and resulting MMP-1 transcriptional activation. Transcriptional regulation of the human MMP-1 promoter was strongly influenced by the presence of the -1607GG polymorphism, present in 60-80% of humans, which led to striking up-regulation of MMP-1 transcriptional activation. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm up-regulation of MMP-1 in response to DEPs in HBE and provide new mechanistic insight into how these epithelia, the first line of protection against environmental insults, up-regulate MMP-1 in response to DEP inhalation. These mechanisms include a role for the human -1607GG polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for an accentuated response, which critically depends on the ability of beta-arrestin 1/2 to generate scaffolding and nuclear trafficking of phosphorylated ERK1/2. C1 [Li, Jinju; Simon, Sidney A.; Liedtke, Wolfgang] Duke Univ, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brinckerhoff, Constance E.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Brinckerhoff, Constance E.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Dept Biochem, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Simon, Sidney A.] Duke Univ, Ctr Neuroengn, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Liedtke, Wolfgang] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Liedtke, W (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM wolfgang@neuro.duke.edu RI Liedtke, Wolfgang/G-4633-2011 FU Duke University; Klingenstein Fellowship Award (Robert Ebert Clinical Scholar); Philip Morris USA, Inc; Philip Morris International; National Institutes of Health [AR-26599, CA-77267]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX S.A.S, W.L., and J.L. received funding from Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International. The other authors declare they have no competing financial interests. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800311 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415KV UT WOS:000263933600028 PM 19337515 ER PT J AU Yang, D Kim, KH Phimister, A Bachstetter, AD Ward, TR Stackman, RW Mervis, RF Wisniewski, AB Klein, SL Kodavanti, PRS Anderson, KA Wayman, G Pessah, IN Lein, PJ AF Yang, Dongren Kim, Kyung Ho Phimister, Andrew Bachstetter, Adam D. Ward, Thomas R. Stackman, Robert W. Mervis, Ronald F. Wisniewski, Amy B. Klein, Sabra L. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. Anderson, Kim A. Wayman, Gary Pessah, Isaac N. Lein, Pamela J. TI Developmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Interferes with Experience-Dependent Dendritic Plasticity and Ryanodine Receptor Expression in Weanling Rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dendrite; neurodevelopmental disorders; developmental neurotoxicity; PCBs; plasticity; ryanodine receptor ID CALCIUM-RELEASE CHANNEL; ADULT-RATS; THYROID-HORMONE; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN BRAIN; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. A critical determinant of neuronal connectivity is the dendritic morphology of individual neurons, which is shaped by experience. The identification of environmental exposures that interfere with dendritic growth and plasticity may, therefore, provide insight into environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter dendritic growth and/or plasticity by promoting the activity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). METHODS AND RESULTS: The Morris water maze was used to induce experience-dependent neural plasticity in weanling rats exposed to either vehicle or Aroclor 1254 (A1254) in the maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. Developmental A1254 exposure promoted dendritic growth in cerebellar Purkinje cells and neocortical pyramidal neurons among untrained animals but attenuated or reversed experience-dependent dendritic growth among maze-trained littermates. These structural changes coincided with subtle deficits in spatial learning and memory, increased [H-3]-ryanodine binding sites and RyR expression in the cerebellum of untrained animals, and inhibition of training-induced RyR upregulation. A congener with potent RyR activity, PCB95, but not a congener with negligible RyR activity, PCB66, promoted dendritic growth in primary cortical neuron cultures and this effect was blocked by pharmacologic antagonism of RyR activity. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental exposure to PCBs interferes with normal patterns of dendritic growth and plasticity, and these effects may be linked to changes in RyR expression and function. These findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling. C1 [Yang, Dongren; Lein, Pamela J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Lein, Pamela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bachstetter, Adam D.; Mervis, Ronald F.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Neurostruct Res Labs, Tampa, FL USA. [Bachstetter, Adam D.; Mervis, Ronald F.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Ctr Aging & Brain Repair, Tampa, FL USA. [Ward, Thomas R.; Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stackman, Robert W.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Wisniewski, Amy B.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Klein, Sabra L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Anderson, Kim A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wayman, Gary] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lein, Pamela J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lein, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 1120 Haring Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjlein@ucdavis.edu OI Stackman Jr, Robert/0000-0002-5950-046X FU National Institutes of Health [HD40936, NS046649, 1PO1ES11269, GM041292]; UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute FX Support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (HD40936 and NS046649 to P.J.L., 1PO1ES11269 to I.N.P. and GM041292 to G.A.W.), Autism Speaks (I.N.P.), and the UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute. NR 83 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 426 EP 435 DI 10.1289/ehp.11771 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415KV UT WOS:000263933600031 PM 19337518 ER PT J AU Jackson, LE Paulsen, SG AF Jackson, Laura E. Paulsen, Steven G. TI Special issue: The Eighth Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) - research and partnerships for accountability Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jackson, Laura E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Paulsen, Steven G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Jackson, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM jackson.laura@epa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0667-x PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900001 PM 19082750 ER PT J AU Stahl, LL Snyder, BD Olsen, AR Pitt, JL AF Stahl, Leanne L. Snyder, Blaine D. Olsen, Anthony R. Pitt, Jennifer L. TI Contaminants in fish tissue from US lakes and reservoirs: a national probabilistic study SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Fish tissue; Contaminants; Lakes; Probabilistic survey; Mercury; PCB; Dioxin; Furan; DDT; Chlordane ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD-WEB; MERCURY; PCB; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; ACCUMULATION; PATTERNS; KINETICS AB An unequal probability design was used to develop national estimates for 268 persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in fish tissue from lakes and reservoirs of the conterminous United States (excluding the Laurentian Great Lakes and Great Salt Lake). Predator (fillet) and bottom-dweller (whole body) composites were collected from 500 lakes selected randomly from the target population of 147,343 lakes in the lower 48 states. Each of these composite types comprised nationally representative samples whose results were extrapolated to the sampled population of an estimated 76,559 lakes for predators and 46,190 lakes for bottom dwellers. Mercury and PCBs were detected in all fish samples. Dioxins and furans were detected in 81% and 99% of predator and bottom-dweller samples, respectively. Cumulative frequency distributions showed that mercury concentrations exceeded the EPA 300 ppb mercury fish tissue criterion at nearly half of the lakes in the sampled population. Total PCB concentrations exceeded a 12 ppb human health risk-based consumption limit at nearly 17% of lakes, and dioxins and furans exceeded a 0.15 ppt (toxic equivalent or TEQ) risk-based threshold at nearly 8% of lakes in the sampled population. In contrast, 43 target chemicals were not detected in any samples. No detections were reported for nine organophosphate pesticides, one PCB congener, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or 17 other semivolatile organic chemicals. C1 [Stahl, Leanne L.] US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Snyder, Blaine D.; Pitt, Jennifer L.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.] ORD Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Stahl, LL (reprint author), US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 4305, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stahl.leanne@epa.gov NR 57 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0669-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900002 PM 19067201 ER PT J AU Nestlerode, JA Engle, VD Bourgeois, P Heitmuller, PT Macauley, JM Allen, YC AF Nestlerode, Janet A. Engle, Virginia D. Bourgeois, Pete Heitmuller, Paul T. Macauley, John M. Allen, Yvonne C. TI An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Coastal wetlands; Condition assessment; Gulf of Mexico; Multi-scale assessment approach; Regional pilot study ID HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; NATURAL-RESOURCES; USA AB The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a two-year regional pilot survey in 2007 to develop, test, and validate tools and approaches to assess the condition of northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands. Sampling sites were selected from estuarine and palustrine wetland areas with herbaceous, forested, and shrub/scrub habitats delineated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Status and Trends (NWI S&T) program and contained within northern GOM coastal watersheds. A multi-level, stepwise, iterative survey approach is being applied to multiple wetland classes at 100 probabilistically-selected coastal wetlands sites. Tier 1 provides information at the landscape scale about habitat inventory, land use, and environmental stressors associated with the watershed in which each wetland site is located. Tier 2, a rapid assessment conducted through a combination of office and field work, is based on best professional judgment and on-site evidence. Tier 3, an intensive site assessment, involves on-site collection of vegetation, water, and sediment samples to establish an integrated understanding of current wetland condition and validate methods and findings from Tiers 1 and 2. The results from this survey, along with other similar regional pilots from the Mid-Atlantic, West Coast, and Great Lakes Regions will contribute to a design and implementation approach for the National Wetlands Condition Assessment to be conducted by EPA's Office of Water in 2011. C1 [Nestlerode, Janet A.; Engle, Virginia D.; Macauley, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Bourgeois, Pete; Heitmuller, Paul T.; Allen, Yvonne C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Gulf Breeze Project Off, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Nestlerode, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM nestlerode.janet@epa.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0668-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900003 PM 19037735 ER PT J AU Bradley, P Fisher, WS Bell, H Davis, W Chan, V LoBue, C Wiltse, W AF Bradley, Patricia Fisher, William S. Bell, Heidi Davis, Wayne Chan, Valerie LoBue, Charles Wiltse, Wendy TI Development and implementation of coral reef biocriteria in US jurisdictions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Bioassessment; Biocriteria; Clean Water Act; Coral reefs; Coral reef ecosystems; Rapid bioassessment protocol; RBP; Stony corals; US EPA ID COLONY SURFACE-AREA; INTEGRITY; FUTURE AB Coral reefs worldwide are declining at an alarming rate and are under continuous threat from both natural and anthropogenic environmental stressors. Warmer sea temperatures attributed to global climate change and numerous human activities at local scales place these valuable ecosystems at risk. Reefs provide numerous services, including shoreline protection, fishing, tourism and biological diversity, which are lost through physical damage, overfishing, and pollution. Pollution can be controlled under provisions of the Clean Water Act, but these options have not been fully employed to protect coral reefs. No U.S. jurisdiction has implemented coral reef biocriteria, which are narrative or quantitative water quality standards based on the condition of a biological resource or assemblage. The President's Ocean Action Plan directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop biological assessment methods and biological criteria for evaluating and maintaining the health of coral reef ecosystems. EPA has formed the Coral Reef Biocriteria Working Group (CRBWG) to foster development of coral reef biocriteria through focused research, evaluation and communication among Agency partners and U.S. jurisdictions. Ongoing CRBWG activities include development and evaluation of a rapid bioassessment protocol for application in biocriteria programs; development of a survey design and monitoring strategy for the U.S. Virgin Islands; comprehensive reviews of biocriteria approaches proposed by states and territories; and assembly of data from a variety of monitoring programs for additional metrics. Guidance documents are being prepared to assist U.S. jurisdictions in reaching protective and defensible biocriteria. C1 [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, FKNMS, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Fisher, William S.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Bell, Heidi] US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Davis, Wayne] US EPA, Environm Anal Div, Off Environm Informat, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. [Chan, Valerie] US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [LoBue, Charles] US EPA, Div Environm Planning & Protect, New York, NY USA. [Wiltse, Wendy] US EPA, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Bradley, P (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, FKNMS, 33 E Quay Rd, Key West, FL 33040 USA. EM bradley.patricia@epa.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0670-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900005 PM 19052888 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Colby, ACC Kanehl, PD Blocksom, K AF Miller, Michael A. Colby, Alison C. C. Kanehl, Paul D. Blocksom, Karen TI Assessment of wadeable stream resources in the driftless area ecoregion in Western Wisconsin using a probabilistic sampling design SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Stream assessment; Driftless ecoregion; Probability survey design; Biological assessment AB The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), with support from the U.S. EPA, conducted an assessment of wadeable streams in the Driftless Area ecoregion in western Wisconsin using a probabilistic sampling design. This ecoregion encompasses 20% of Wisconsin's land area and contains 8,800 miles of perennial streams. Randomly-selected stream sites (n = 60) equally distributed among stream orders 1-4 were sampled. Watershed land use, riparian and in-stream habitat, water chemistry, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage data were collected at each true random site and an associated "modified-random" site on each stream that was accessed via a road crossing nearest to the true random site. Targeted least-disturbed reference sites (n = 22) were also sampled to develop reference conditions for various physical, chemical, and biological measures. Cumulative distribution function plots of various measures collected at the true random sites evaluated with reference condition thresholds, indicate that high proportions of the random sites (and by inference the entire Driftless Area wadeable stream population) show some level of degradation. Study results show no statistically significant differences between the true random and modified-random sample sites for any of the nine physical habitat, 11 water chemistry, seven macroinvertebrate, or eight fish metrics analyzed. In Wisconsin's Driftless Area, 79% of wadeable stream lengths were accessible via road crossings. While further evaluation of the statistical rigor of using a modified-random sampling design is warranted, sampling randomly-selected stream sites accessed via the nearest road crossing may provide a more economical way to apply probabilistic sampling in stream monitoring programs. C1 [Miller, Michael A.; Colby, Alison C. C.] Bur Fisheries Management, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Kanehl, Paul D.] Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. [Blocksom, Karen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), Bur Fisheries Management, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 101 S Webster St, Madison, WI 53703 USA. EM Michaela.miller@wisconsin.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0679-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900008 PM 19058017 ER PT J AU Olsen, AR Snyder, BD Stahl, LL Pitt, JL AF Olsen, Anthony R. Snyder, Blaine D. Stahl, Leanne L. Pitt, Jennifer L. TI Survey design for lakes and reservoirs in the United States to assess contaminants in fish tissue SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Fish tissue; Contaminants; Lakes; Reservoirs; Probability survey design; PBTs ID RESOURCES AB The National Lake Fish Tissue Study (NLFTS) was the first survey of fish contamination in lakes and reservoirs in the 48 conterminous states based on a probability survey design. This study included the largest set (268) of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals ever studied in predator and bottom-dwelling fish species. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) implemented the study in cooperation with states, tribal nations, and other federal agencies, with field collection occurring at 500 lakes and reservoirs over a four-year period (2000-2003). The sampled lakes and reservoirs were selected using a spatially balanced unequal probability survey design from 270,761 lake objects in USEPA's River Reach File Version 3 (RF3). The survey design selected 900 lake objects, with a reserve sample of 900, equally distributed across six lake area categories. A total of 1,001 lake objects were evaluated to identify 500 lake objects that met the study's definition of a lake and could be accessed for sampling. Based on the 1,001 evaluated lakes, it was estimated that a target population of 147,343 (+/-7% with 95% confidence) lakes and reservoirs met the NLFTS definition of a lake. Of the estimated 147,343 target lakes, 47% were estimated not to be sampleable either due to landowner access denial (35%) or due to physical barriers (12%). It was estimated that a sampled population of 78,664 (+/-12% with 95% confidence) lakes met the NLFTS lake definition, had either predator or bottom-dwelling fish present, and could be sampled. C1 [Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, ORD Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Snyder, Blaine D.; Pitt, Jennifer L.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21117 USA. [Stahl, Leanne L.] US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Olsen, AR (reprint author), US EPA, ORD Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM olsen.tony@epa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0685-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900009 PM 19052884 ER PT J AU DiDonato, GT DiDonato, EM Smith, LM Harwell, LC Summers, JK AF DiDonato, Guy T. DiDonato, Eva M. Smith, Lisa M. Harwell, Linda C. Summers, J. Kevin TI Assessing coastal waters of American Samoa: territory-wide water quality data provide a critical "big-picture" view for this tropical archipelago SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE American Samoa; Coastal water quality; Probabilistic design; South Pacific ID CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITIES; ESTUARIES; FLORIDA AB The coastal waters of American Samoa's five high islands (Tutuila, Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u) were surveyed in 2004 using a probabilistic design. Water quality data were collected from the near-shore coastal habitat, defined as all near-shore coastal waters including embayments, extending out to 1/4 mile off-shore. Hydrography and water column samples were collected, and water quality data were compared to the Territorial water quality standards for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), Enterococcus, chlorophyll a, water clarity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. All station measurements for pH, DO, and Enterococcus satisfied the local water quality standards, although some fraction of the Territory could not be assessed for either DO or Enterococcus. With respect to chlorophyll a, 66 +/- 18% of Territory coastal waters complied with the standard, while 34 +/- 18% failed to comply with the standard. For water clarity, 54 +/- 18% of the Territorial waters complied with the standard while 42 +/- 7% failed to comply. Territorial waters satisfied the standards for total nitrogen and phosphorus 72 +/- 17% and 92 +/- 10%, respectively. These data provide the first "big-picture" view of water quality in the near shore region around the high islands of American Samoa. While the picture is encouraging, these data suggest emerging water quality concerns. C1 [DiDonato, Guy T.] Amer Samoa Environm Protect Agcy, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [DiDonato, Eva M.] Natl Pk Amer Samoa, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Smith, Lisa M.; Harwell, Linda C.; Summers, J. Kevin] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP DiDonato, GT (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM guy.didonato@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0674-y PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900014 PM 19082748 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B Cyterski, M Smith, LM Nestlerode, JA AF Rashleigh, Brenda Cyterski, Mike Smith, Lisa M. Nestlerode, Janet A. TI Relation of fish and shellfish distributions to habitat and water quality in the Mobile Bay estuary, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Discriminant analysis; Estuaries Fish diversity; Mobile Bay; Ordination ID COMMUNITY AB The Mobile Bay estuary in the northern Gulf of Mexico provides a rich habitat for many fish and shellfish, including those identified as economically and ecologically important. The National Estuary Program in Mobile Bay has focused on restoration of degraded estuarine habitat on which these species depend. To support this effort, we used statistical techniques of ordination, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis to relate distributions of individual fish and shellfish species and species assemblages to two dozen water quality and habitat variables in a geo-referenced database. Species appeared to respond to dominant gradients of low to high salinity and upland to offshore habitat area; many of the 15 communities identified via cluster analysis showed aggregated spatial distributions that could be related to habitat characteristics. Species in the Mobile River Delta were distinct from those in other areas of the estuary. This analysis supports habitat management in the Mobile Bay estuary; however, due to mobility of organisms among sampling locations and the dynamic environmental conditions in estuaries, we conclude that the analyses presented here are most appropriate for an evaluation of the estuary as a whole. C1 [Rashleigh, Brenda; Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, Lisa M.; Nestlerode, Janet A.] US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0681-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900016 PM 19083112 ER PT J AU Engle, VD Hyland, JL Cooksey, C AF Engle, V. D. Hyland, Jeffrey L. Cooksey, Cynthia TI Effects of Hurricane Katrina on benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Hurricane effects; Benthos Estuarine dynamics; Salinity effects; Gulf of Mexico ID LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN; MULTIPLE HURRICANES; LOUISIANA; SEDIMENTS; IMPACTS; MARINE; STRESS; ESTUARIES; RESPONSES; QUALITY AB The effects of Hurricane Katrina on benthic fauna and habitat quality in coastal waters of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, USA, were assessed in October, 2005, 2 months after the hurricane made landfall between New Orleans, LA and Biloxi, MS. Benthic macrofaunal samples, sediment chemical concentrations, and water quality measurements from 60 sites in Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi Sound were compared with pre-hurricane conditions from 2000-2004. Post-hurricane benthic communities had significant reductions in numbers of taxa, H' diversity, and abundance as well as shifts in composition and ranking of dominant taxa. These effects were not associated with changes in chemical contamination, organic enrichment of sediments, or hypoxia and were likely due to hurricane-related scouring and changes in salinity. C1 [Engle, V. D.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Engle, VD (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM engle.virginia@epa.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0677-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900017 PM 19052887 ER PT J AU Meyer, DE Curran, MA Gonzalez, MA AF Meyer, David E. Curran, Mary Ann Gonzalez, Michael A. TI An Examination of Existing Data for the Industrial Manufacture and Use of Nanocomponents and Their Role in the Life Cycle Impact of Nanoproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; NANOPARTICLES; EXPOSURE; RISKS; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; PARTICLES; INVENTORY AB This work examines the manufacture and use of nanocomponents and how they can affect the life cycle impact of resulting nanoproducts. Available data on the production of nanoproducts and nanocomponents are used to identify the major groups of nanocomponents studied in this paper: inorganic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and specialty/composite materials. A comparison of existing results for life cycle assessments of nanocomponents and nanoproducts is used to possibly identify trends in nanomanufacturing based on material grouping with regard to nonrenewable energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Continuing work is needed in this area to incorporate other factors such as toxicity and resource consumption in addition to energy use and global warming potential to fully understand the role of nanomanufacturing in the life cycle of nanoproducts. C1 [Meyer, David E.; Curran, Mary Ann; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Meyer, DE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM meyer.david@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 43 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1256 EP 1263 DI 10.1021/es8023258 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600008 PM 19350888 ER PT J AU Hubbard, H Poppendieck, D Corsi, RL AF Hubbard, Heidi Poppendieck, Dustin Corsi, Richard L. TI Chlorine Dioxide Reactions with Indoor Materials during Building Disinfection: Surface Uptake SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECONTAMINATION; GAS AB Chlorine dioxide received attention as a building disinfectant in the wake of Bacillus anthracis contamination of several large buildings in the fall of 2001. It is increasingly used for the disinfection of homes and other indoor environments afflicted by mold. However, little is known regarding the interaction of chlorine dioxide and indoor materials, particularly as related to the removal of chlorine dioxide from air. Such removal may be undesirable with respect to the subsequent formation of localized zones of depleted disinfectant concentrations and potential reductions in disinfection effectiveness in a building. The focus of this paper is on chlorine dioxide removal from air to each of 24 different indoor materials. Experiments were completed with materials housed in flow-through 48-L stainless steel chambers under standard conditions of 700 ppm chlorine dioxide inlet concentration, 75% relative humidity, 24 degrees C, and 0.5 h(-1) air changes. Chlorine dioxide concentration profiles, deposition velocities, and reaction probabilities are described in this paper. Deposition velocities and reaction probabilities varied over approximately 2 orders of magnitude across all materials. For most materials, deposition velocity decreased significantly over a 16-h disinfection period; that is, materials became smaller sinks for chlorine dioxide with time. Four materials (office partition, ceiling tile, medium density fiberboard, and gypsum wallboard) accounted for the most short- and long-term consumption of chlorine dioxide. Deposition velocity was observed to be a strong function of chlorine dioxide inlet concentration, suggesting the potential importance of chemical reactions on or within test materials. C1 [Corsi, Richard L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Hubbard, Heidi] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Poppendieck, Dustin] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Resources Engn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Corsi, RL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 10100 Burnet Rd R7100,Bldg 133, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM corsi@mail.utexas.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/es801930c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600019 PM 19350899 ER PT J AU Bern, AM Lowers, HA Meeker, GP Rosati, JA AF Bern, Amy M. Lowers, Heather A. Meeker, Gregory P. Rosati, Jacky A. TI Method Development for Analysis of Urban Dust Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry to Detect the Possible Presence of World Trade Center Dust Constituents SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001, sent dust and debris across much of Manhattan and in the surrounding areas. Indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected and characterized by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). From this characterization, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS developed a particulate screening method to determine the presence of residual World Trade Center dust in the indoor environment using slag wool as a primary "signature". The method describes a procedure that includes splitting, ashing, and sieving of collected dust From one split, a 10 mg/mL dust/isopropanol suspension was prepared and 10-30 mu L aliquots of the suspension placed on an SEM substrate. Analyses were performed using SEM/EDS manual point counting for slag wool fibers. Poisson regression was used to identify some of the sources of uncertainty, which are directly related to the small number of fibers present on each sample stub. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure is promising for screening urban background dust for the presence of WTC dust Consistent sample preparation of reference materials and samples must be performed by each laboratory wishing to use this method to obtain meaningful and accurate results. C1 [Bern, Amy M.] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lowers, Heather A.; Meeker, Gregory P.] US Geol Survey, Cent Reg, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rosati, Jacky A.] S Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bern, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 25,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Bern.Amy@epa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1454 DI 10.1021/es800865n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600038 PM 19350918 ER PT J AU Song, WH Xu, TL Cooper, WJ Dionysiou, DD De La Cruz, AA O'Shea, KE AF Song, Weihua Xu, Tielian Cooper, William J. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. De La Cruz, Armah A. O'Shea, Kevin E. TI Radiolysis Studies on the Destruction of Microcystin-LR in Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyl Radicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED DEGRADATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; DRINKING-WATER; RATE CONSTANTS; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; TIO2; DETOXIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION AB In this study, steady-state and time-resolved radiolysis methods were used to determine the primary reaction pathways and kinetic parameters for the reactions of hydroxyl radical with microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The fundamental kinetic data is critical for the accurate evaluation of hydroxyl-radical based technologies for the destruction of this problematic class of cyanotoxins. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radical with MC-LR is 2.3 (+/- 0.1) x 10(10) M(-1)s(-1) based on time-resolved competition kinetics with SCN(-) at low conversions using pulsed radiolysis experiments. The reaction of hydroxyl radical with MC-LR can Occur via a number of competing reaction pathways, including addition to the benzene ring and diene and abstraction of aliphatic hydrogen atoms. LC-MS analyses indicate the major products from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with MC-LR involve addition of hydroxyl radical to the benzene ring and diene moieties of the Adda side chain. Transient absorption spectroscopy monitored between 260-500 nm, following pulsed hydroxyl radical generation, indicate the formation of a transient species with absorption maxima at 270 and 310 nm. The absorption maxima and lifetime of the transient species are characteristic of hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals resulting from the addition of hydroxyl radical to the benzene ring. The rate constant for the formation of hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical is 1.0 (+/- 0.1) x 10(10) M(-1)s(-1) accounting for similar to 40% of the primary reaction pathways. Representative rate constants and partitioning of hydroxyl radical reactions were assessed based on the reactivities of surrogate substrates and individual amino acids. Summation of the individual reactivities of hydroxyl radical at the differentreactive sites (amino acids) leads to a rate constant of 2.1 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1) in good agreement with the rate constant determined in our studies. The relative magnitude of the rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radical with the individual amino acids and appropriate surrogates, suggest 60-70% reactions of hydroxyl radical occur at the benzene and diene functional groups of the Adda moiety. C1 [Song, Weihua; Xu, Tielian; O'Shea, Kevin E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cooper, William J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Urban Water Res Ctr, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [De La Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP O'Shea, KE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM osheak@fiu.edu RI Song, Weihua/B-6931-2011; Cooper, William/D-4502-2011 OI Song, Weihua/0000-0001-7633-7919; FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83322301]; NIH/NIEHS [ARCH S11ESO11181]; University Graduate School at FIU FX We thank the reviewers forvaluable suggestions and insights. Work performed at the Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, which is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This research was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-83322301). K.E.O. gratefully acknowledges support from the NIH/NIEHS (ARCH S11ESO11181). T.X. is supported by a Presidential Dissertation Fellowship from the University Graduate School at FIU. This is contribution 29 from Urban Water Research Center, University of California, Irvine. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1492 DI 10.1021/es802282n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600044 PM 19350924 ER PT J AU Kan, E Huling, SG AF Kan, Eunsung Huling, Scott G. TI Effects of Temperature and Acidic Pre-Treatment on Fenton-Driven Oxidation of MTBE-Spent Granular Activated Carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; SURFACE; IRON; OPTIMIZATION; ADSORPTION; DEPENDENCE; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; SUPPORT; REAGENT AB The effects of temperature and acidic pretreatment on Fenton-driven chemical oxidation of methyl tort-butyl ether (MTBE)spent granular activated carbon (GAC)were investigated. Limiting factors in MTBE removal in GAC include the heterogeneous distribution of amended Far and slow intraparticle diffusive transport of MTBE and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) into the "reactive zone". Acid pretreatment of GAC before Fe amendment altered the surface chemistry of the GAC, lowered the pH point of zero charge, and resulted in greater penetration and more uniform distribution of Fe in GAC. This led to a condition where Fe, MTBE, and H(2)O(2) coexisted over a larger volume of the GAC contributing to greater MTBE oxidation and removal. H(2)O(2) reaction and MTBE removal in GAC increased with temperature. Modeling H(2)O(2) transport and reaction in GAC indicated that H(2)O(2) penetration was inversely proportional with temperature and tortuosity, and occurred over a larger fraction of the total volume of small GAC particles (0.3 mm diameter) relative to large particles (1.2 mm diameter). Acidic pretreatment of GAC, Fe-amendment, elevated reaction temperature, and use of small GAC particles are operational parameters that improve Fenton-driven oxidation of MTBE in GAC. C1 [Kan, Eunsung; Huling, Scott G.] CNR, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kan, Eunsung] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), CNR, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We acknowledge Drs. R. G. Arnold, W. P. Ela, and R. E. Sierka (University of Arizona), and M. Blankenship, T. Pardue, and Dr. B. Pivetz (Shaw Environmental Inc., Ada, OK) for their assistance. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1499 DI 10.1021/es802360f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600045 PM 19350925 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Devereux, R AF Lewis, Michael A. Devereux, Richard TI NONNUTRIENT ANTHROPOGENIC CHEMICALS IN SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS: FATE AND EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Seagrass; Anthropogenic chemicals; Fate; Effects; Summary ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; STIPULACEA FORSK ASCHERS; HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; OCEANICA L. DELILE; RUPPIA-MARITIMA L; SHORT-TERM UPTAKE; IN-SITU IMPACT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM AB Impacts of human-related chemicals, either alone or in combination with other stressors, are important to understand to prevent and reverse continuing worldwide seagrass declines. This review summarizes reported concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals in grass bed-associated surface waters, sediments, and plant tissues and phytotoxic concentrations. Fate information in seagrass-rooted sediments and overlying water is most available for trace metals. Toxicity results in aqueous exposures are available for at least 13 species and a variety of trace metals, pesticides, and petrochemicals. In contrast, results for chemical mixtures and chemicals in sediment matrices are uncommon. Contaminant bioaccumulation information is available for at least 23 species. The effects of plant age, tissue type, and time of collection have been commonly reported but not biological significance of the chemical residues. Experimental conditions have varied considerably in seagrass contaminant research and interspecific differences in chemical residues and chemical tolerances are common, which limits generalizations and extrapolations among species and chemicals. The few reported risk assessments have been usually local and limited to a few single chemicals and species representative of the south Australian and Mediterranean floras. Media-specific information describing exposure concentrations, toxic effect levels, and critical body burdens of common near-shore contaminants is needed for most species to support integrated risk assessments at multiple geographical scales and to evaluate the ability of numerical effects-based criteria to protect these marine angiosperms at risk. C1 [Lewis, Michael A.; Devereux, Richard] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lewis.michael@epa.gov RI Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 NR 218 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 644 EP 661 DI 10.1897/08-201.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 405DU UT WOS:000263203700024 PM 19006414 ER PT J AU Reich, BJ Fuentes, M Burke, J AF Reich, Brian J. Fuentes, Montserrat Burke, Janet TI Analysis of the effects of ultrafine particulate matter while accounting for human exposure SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ecological fallacy; human exposure; dynamic factor model; SHEDS; ultrafine particles ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; PARTICLES; MODEL; FINE; PM2.5 AB Particulate matter (PM) has been associated with mortality in several epidemiological studies. The US EPA currently regulates PM(10) and PM(2.5) (mass concentration of particles with diameter less than 10 and 2.5 mu m, respectively), but it is not clear which size of particles are most responsible for adverse heath outcomes. A current hypothesis is that ultrafine particles with diameter less than 0.1 mu m are particularly harmful because their small size allows them to deeply penetrate the lungs. This paper investigates the association between exposure to particles of varying diameter and daily mortality. We propose a new dynamic Factor analysis model to relate the ambient concentrations of several sizes of particles with diameters ranging from 0.01 to 0.40 mu m with mortality. We introduce a Bayesian model that converts ambient concentrations into simulated personal exposure using the EPA's Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulator, and relates simulated exposure with mortality. Using new data from Fresno, CA, we find that the 4-day lag of particles with diameter between 0.02 and 0.08 mu m is associated with mortality. This is consistent with the small particles hypothesis. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reich, Brian J.; Fuentes, Montserrat] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burke, Janet] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Reich, BJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, 2501 Founders Dr,Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM reich@stat.ncsu.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DMS 0354189, DMS 0353029] FX The authors thank Lance McCluney of the U.S. E.P.A. for providing the CO data. The U.S. E.P.A.'s Office of Research and Development partially collaborated in the research derived here. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the Agency's policies or views. The research conducted by Reich has been supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS 0354189, and Fuentes has been partly Supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS 0353029. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1002/env.915 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 463DE UT WOS:000267408400002 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF AF Bateson, Thomas F. TI Gamma Regression of Interevent Waiting Times Versus Poisson Regression of Daily Event Counts Inside the Epidemiologist's Toolbox-Selecting the Best Modeling Tools for the Job SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Bateson.Thomas@epa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181977688 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 412HH UT WOS:000263715400010 PM 19234413 ER PT J AU Brown, CA Ozretich, RJ AF Brown, Cheryl A. Ozretich, Robert J. TI Coupling Between the Coastal Ocean and Yaquina Bay, Oregon: Importance of Oceanic Inputs Relative to Other Nitrogen Sources SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ocean input; Upwelling; Nutrient sources; Yaquina estuary ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SUB-ARCTIC WATER; COLD HALOCLINE; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; NUTRIENT; ESTUARY; PACIFIC; USA; CHLOROPHYLL AB Understanding of the role of oceanic input in nutrient loadings is important for understanding nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in estuaries adjacent to coastal upwelling regions as well as determining the natural background conditions. We examined the nitrogen sources to Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA) as well as the relationships between physical forcing and gross oceanic input of nutrients and phytoplankton. The ocean is the dominant source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate to the lower portion of Yaquina Bay during the dry season (May through October). During this time interval, high levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (primarily in the form of nitrate) and phosphate entering the estuary lag upwelling favorable winds by 2 days. The nitrate and phosphate levels entering the bay associated with coastal upwelling are correlated with the wind stress integrated over times scales of 4-6 days. In addition, there is a significant import of chlorophyll a to the bay from the coastal ocean region, particularly during July and August. Variations in flood-tide chlorophyll a lag upwelling favorable winds by 6 days, suggesting that it takes this amount of time for phytoplankton to utilize the recently upwelled nitrogen and be transported across the shelf into the estuary. Variations in water properties determined by ocean conditions propagate approximately 11-13 km into the estuary. Comparison of nitrogen sources to Yaquina Bay shows that the ocean is the dominant source during the dry season (May to October) and the river is the dominant source during the wet season with watershed nitrogen inputs primarily associated with nitrogen fixation on forest lands. C1 [Brown, Cheryl A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ozretich, Robert J.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Brown, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM brown.cheryl@epa.gov NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9128-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 407KJ UT WOS:000263361700001 ER PT J AU Murrell, MC Campbell, JG Hagy, JD Caffrey, JM AF Murrell, Michael C. Campbell, Jed G. Hagy, James D., III Caffrey, Jane M. TI Effects of irradiance on benthic and water column processes in a Gulf of Mexico estuary: Pensacola Bay, Florida, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; respiration; primary production; nutrient cycles; phytobenthos; net ecosystem metabolism; USA; Florida; Pensacola Bay ID NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; ORGANIC-CARBON BALANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; SUBTROPICAL ESTUARY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; CORE INCUBATIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NUTRIENT FLUXES; NITROGEN FLUXES; DEPTH GRADIENT AB We examined the effect of light on water column and benthic fluxes in the Pensacola Bay estuary, a river-dominated system in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Measurements were made during the summers of 2003 and 2004 on 16 dates distributed along depth and salinity gradients. Dissolved oxygen fluxes were measured on replicate sediment and water column samples exposed to a gradient of photosynthetically active radiation. Sediment inorganic nutrient (NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-)) fluxes were measured. The response of dissolved oxygen fluxes to variation in light was fit to a photosynthesis-irradiance model and the parameter estimates were used to calculate daily integrated production in the water column and the benthos. The results suggest that shoal environments supported substantial benthic productivity, averaging 13.6 +/- 4.7 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1), whereas channel environments supported low benthic productivity, averaging 0.5 +/- 03 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1) (+/- SE). Estimates of baywide microphytobenthic productivity ranged from 8.1 to 16.5 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1), comprising about 16-32% of total system productivity. Benthic and water column dark respiration averaged 15.2 +/- 3.2 and 33.6 +/- 3.7 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1), respectively inorganic nutrient fluxes were generally low compared to relevant estuarine literature values, and responded minimally to light exposure. Across all stations, nutrient fluxes from sediments to the water column averaged 1.11 +/- 0.98 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for NH(4)(+), 0.58 +/- 1.08 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for NO(3)(-), 0.01 +/- 0.09 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for PO(4)(3-). The results of this study illustrate how light reaching the sediments is an important modulator of benthic nutrient and oxygen dynamics in shallow estuarine systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Murrell, Michael C.; Campbell, Jed G.; Hagy, James D., III] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Caffrey, Jane M.] Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Murrell, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM murrell.michael@epa.gov FU US EPA; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory.; National Science Foundation [OCE-0352221] FX This study was made possible by the excellent field and lab support provided by R. Quarles, L Smith, V. Engle, R. Stanley, H. Reed, K. Smith, and S. Duffy. Helpful comments from R. Greene, J. Lehrter, E. Smith, and several anonymous reviewers have improved the manuscript. This study was funded by the US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. J. Caffrey received support from a National Science Foundation grant (OCE-0352221). The contents are solely the views of the authors and use of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement. Contribution # 1339 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.12.002 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 411KM UT WOS:000263648500007 ER PT J AU Nikolova, PS Raspe, S Andersen, CP Mainiero, R Blaschke, H Matyssek, R Haberle, KH AF Nikolova, Petia S. Raspe, Stephan Andersen, Christian P. Mainiero, Raphael Blaschke, Helmut Matyssek, Rainer Haeberle, Karl-Heinz TI Effects of the extreme drought in 2003 on soil respiration in a mixed forest SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fagus sylvatica; Picea abies; Soil respiration components; Water availibility; Temperature; Root exclusion; Carbon partitioning ID FAGUS-SYLVATICA L.; NORWAY SPRUCE; CO2 EFFLUX; EUROPEAN BEECH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROOT RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; ORGANIC HORIZONS; HARDWOOD FOREST; ELEMENT FLUXES AB We present a field study on the drought effects on total soil respiration (SR(t)) and its components, i.e., "autotrophic'' (SR(a): by roots/mycorrhizosphere) and "heterotrophic'' respiration (SR(h): by microorganisms and soil fauna in bulk soil), in a mature European beech/Norway spruce forest. SR(a) and SR(h) were distinguished underneath groups of beech and spruce trees using the root exclusion method. Seasonal courses of SR(a) and SR(h) were studied from 2002 to 2004, with the summer of 2003 being extraordinarily warm and dry in Central Europe. We (1) analyzed the soil temperature (T(s)) and moisture sensitivity of SR(a) and SR(h) underneath both tree species, and (2) examined whether drought caused differential decline of SR(a) between spruce and beech. Throughout the study period, SR(a) of beech accounted for 45-55% of SRt, independent of the soil water regime; in contrast, SR(a) was significantly reduced during drought in spruce, and amounted then to only 25% of SR(t). In parallel, fine-root production was decreased during 2003 by a factor of six in spruce (from 750 to 130 mg l(-1) a(-1)), but remained at levels similar to those in 2002 in beech (about 470 mg l(-1) a(-1)). This species-specific root response to drought was related to a stronger decline of SR(a) in spruce (by about 70%) compared to beech (by about 50%). The sensitivity of SR(a) and SR(h) to changing T(s) and available soil water was stronger in SR(a) than SR(h) in spruce, but not so in beech. It is concluded that SR(a) determines the effect of prolonged drought on the C efflux from soil to a larger extent in spruce than beech, having potential implications for respective forest types. C1 [Nikolova, Petia S.; Blaschke, Helmut; Matyssek, Rainer; Haeberle, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Munich, Weihenstephan Ctr Life & Food Sci, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Raspe, Stephan] Bayer Landesanstalt Wald & Forstwirtschaft, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Mainiero, Raphael] Univ Ulm, Inst Systemat Bot & Ecol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. RP Haberle, KH (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Weihenstephan Ctr Life & Food Sci, Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM haeberle@wzw.tum.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 607] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding through SFB 607 "Growth and Parasite Defence-Competition for Resources in Economic Plants from Agronomy and Forestry'' provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We also thank Ivan Nikolov for his skilful support of the fine-root analyses and soil respiration measurements, Thomas Feuerbach for his precise technical assistance, Dr. Holger Holland-Moritz ( LWF: Bayerische Landesanstalt fur Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Freising) for helpful comments on statistical evaluations, Prof. Dr. Anton Hartmann ( Helmholtz Center Munich) for hints on literature, and Philip Wipfler ( Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universitat Munchen) for supplying the stem diameter increment data. We also thank Dr. Carolyn Scagel, USDA-ARS, for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. The information in this document has been subjected to EPA peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 75 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 128 IS 2 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10342-008-0218-6 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 429UD UT WOS:000264944700002 ER PT J AU Moser, GJ Foley, J Burnett, M Goldsworthy, TL Maronpot, R AF Moser, Glenda J. Foley, Julie Burnett, Merrie Goldsworthy, Thomas L. Maronpot, Robert TI Furan-induced dose-response relationships for liver cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and tumorigenicity (furan-induced liver tumorigenicity) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Furan; Mouse liver carcinogenesis; Cytotoxic; Proliferation; Inflammation ID INCREASED CARCINOGENICITY; FISCHER-344 RATS; B6C3F(1) MICE; HEPATOCYTE; APOPTOSIS; TESTS; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; REGRESSION; GROWTH AB Rodent studies of furan are associated with liver cell necrosis, release or liver-associated enzymes, increased hepatocyte proliferation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. For carcinogens whose proposed mode of action is cytolethality, it is hypothesized that the dose-response curve for tumor development would parallel the dose-response curve for cell death with compensatory proliferation in the target organ. To prospectively test this hypothesis, female B6C3F(1), mice were exposed to furan at carcinogenic doses and lower for 3 weeks or 2 years. At 3 weeks and in the 2-year study, there were dose-dependent and significant increases in hepatic cytotoxicity at 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg furan/kg. For cell proliferation as measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index (LI), there was a statistically significant trend with increasing dose levels of furan and increased LI at 8.0 mg/kg. There was an increased incidence of foci of altered hepatocytes, hepatocellular adenomas, and adenomas or carcinomas at 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg and carcinomas at 8.0 mg/kg. The multiplicity of microscopic tumors was increased and latency was decreased in mice exposed to 8.0 mg/kg. Prevalence of hepatic nodules at necropsy was increased in mice exposed to 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg. Data demonstrate an association among furan-induced hepatic cytotoxicity, compensatory cell replication, and liver tumor formation in mice; at high doses >= 4.0 mg/kg, furan induced hepatotoxicity, compensatory cell replication and tumorigenesis in a dose-related manner, while furan did not produce tumors at cytotoxic doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Moser, Glenda J.; Burnett, Merrie; Goldsworthy, Thomas L.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Foley, Julie; Maronpot, Robert] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Moser, GJ (reprint author), Integrated Lab Syst Inc, POB 13501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gmoser@ils-inc.com FU NIH, NIEHS [N01-ES-95434] FX We thank Grace Kissling for statistical support, Clinical Pathology Laboratory at NIEHS for enzyme analyses, Greg Kedderis for initial study design considerations, and the ILS animal care and toxicology and histology staff. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS, and contract no. N01-ES-95434. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2008.06.006 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 423CL UT WOS:000264473900002 PM 18809303 ER PT J AU Reif, DM Motsinger-Reif, AA McKinney, BA Rock, MT Crowe, JE Moore, JH AF Reif, D. M. Motsinger-Reif, A. A. McKinney, B. A. Rock, M. T. Crowe, J. E., Jr. Moore, J. H. TI Integrated analysis of genetic and proteomic data identifies biomarkers associated with adverse events following smallpox vaccination SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE smallpox; Random Forests; integrated analysis; genetic; proteomic; interactions ID RANDOM FORESTS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; EXPRESSION; IL-4; AMPLIFICATION; INFLAMMATION; APOPTOSIS AB Complex clinical outcomes, such as adverse reaction to vaccination, arise from the concerted interactions among the myriad components of a biological system. Therefore, comprehensive etiological models can be developed only through the integrated study of multiple types of experimental data. In this study, we apply this paradigm to high-dimensional genetic and proteomic data collected to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of adverse events (AEs) in patients after smallpox vaccination. As vaccination was successful in all of the patients under study, the AE outcomes reported likely represent the result of interactions among immune system components that result in excessive or prolonged immune stimulation. In this study, we examined 1442 genetic variables (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 108 proteomic variables (serum cytokine concentrations) to model AE risk. To accomplish this daunting analytical task, we employed the Random Forests (RF) method to filter the most important attributes, then we used the selected attributes to build a final decision tree model. This strategy is well suited to integrated analysis, as relevant attributes may be selected from categorical or continuous data. Importantly, RF is a natural approach for studying the type of gene-gene, gene-protein and protein-protein interactions we hypothesize to be involved in the development of clinical AEs. RF importance scores for particular attributes take interactions into account, and there may be interactions across data types. Combining information from previous studies on AEs related to smallpox vaccination with the genetic and proteomic attributes identified by RF, we built a comprehensive model of AE development that includes the cytokines intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 or CD54), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and colony stimulating factor-3 (CSF-3 or G-CSF) and a genetic polymorphism in the cyokine gene interleukin-4 (IL4). The biological factors included in the model support our hypothesized mechanism for the development of AEs involving prolonged stimulation of inflammatory pathways and an imbalance of normal tissue damage repair pathways. This study shows the utility of RF for such analytical tasks, while both enhancing and reinforcing our working model of AE development after smallpox vaccination. C1 [Reif, D. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Motsinger-Reif, A. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McKinney, B. A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. [Rock, M. T.; Crowe, J. E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Crowe, J. E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Crowe, J. E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Vaccine Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Moore, J. H.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Genet, Lebanon, NH USA. [Moore, J. H.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Computat Genet Lab, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Reif, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, D343-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM reif.david@epa.gov RI Crowe, James/B-5549-2009; OI Crowe, James/0000-0002-0049-1079; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [N01-AI-25462, DMID 02-054, R21-AI-59365, K25-AI-064625, R01-AI-59694]; NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01-GM-2758] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Vaccine Trials and Evaluation Unit (contract N01-AI-25462, study DMID 02-054); NIH/NIAID (Grants R21-AI-59365, K25-AI-064625 and R01-AI-59694) and NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (Grant R01-GM-2758). Cytokine analysis was a kind gift of Stephen Kingsmore, PhD, and Molecular Staging Incorporated. Genotype analysis was a kind gift of Stephen Chanock, MD, and the NCI Center for Cancer Research. Kathryn Edwards, MD, coordinated the original acquisition of the data analyzed for this study. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication, although it does not necessarily represent the views or polices of the US EPA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 EI 1476-5470 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1038/gene.2008.80 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 415AD UT WOS:000263905800002 PM 18923431 ER PT J AU Barakat, A Mercer, B Cooper, E Chung, HM AF Barakat, Ala Mercer, Bettie Cooper, Emilie Chung, Hui-Min TI Examining Requirement for Formation of Functional Presenilin Proteins and Their Processing Events In Vivo SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE Presenilin; gamma-secretase; Presenilinase-mediated endoproteolysis; Notch; Drosophila ID GAMMA-SECRETASE COMPLEX; MEDIATED TRANSMEMBRANE CLEAVAGE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BETA-CATENIN; WING MARGIN; NOTCH; DROSOPHILA; ENDOPROTEOLYSIS AB Presenilin (Psn) is a multipass transmembrane protein that functions as the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase for mediating intramembrane cleavage of type I transmembrane proteins. Normally active Psn is in the form of a heterodimer composed by its N-terminal and C-terminal fragments that are generated from a Presenilinase-mediated endoproteolytic cleavage within its large cytosolic loop during assembly of the protease complex. Using the Psn forms that either bypass or disable Presenilinase-mediated endoproteolysis, and a Psn form that has most of the large cytosolic loop deleted, we have established an in vivo system to enable investigations of Psn functional domains in Drosophila. We show that the Presenilinase-mediated endoproteolytic event is not essential for producing Psn activity during animal development, and is regulated by integrity of the large cytosolic loop of Psn in Drosophila. The Psn transgenic flies described here could be applied to a broad range of studies on Psn functioning and its related gamma-secretase activity at any developmental stage. genesis 47:161-168, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Barakat, Ala; Mercer, Bettie; Cooper, Emilie; Chung, Hui-Min] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Cooper, Emilie] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Chung, HM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM hchung@uwf.edu FU NIH [1R1 5AG028448-01]; University of West Florida FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH (AREA R15 grant), Contract grant number: 1R1 5AG028448-01 (to H.-M.C.); Contract grant sponsor: University of West Florida NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1002/dvg.20475 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 425RT UT WOS:000264655500004 PM 19191327 ER PT J AU Cooper, E Deng, WM Chung, HM AF Cooper, Emilie Deng, Wu-Min Chung, Hui-Min TI Aph-1 Is Required to Regulate Presenilin-Mediated gamma-Secretase Activity and Cell Survival in Drosophila Wing Development SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE Presenilin; Aph-1; gamma-secretase; Notch; cell survival ID TRANSMEMBRANE CLEAVAGE; NOTCH; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY; COMPLEX; MARGIN AB Aph-1 is a multipass transmembrane protein and an essential component of the Presenilin (Psn)mediated gamma-secretase complex. During protease assembly, Aph-1 stabilizes the newly synthesized Psn holoprotein to facilitate generation of the active form of Psn, which is a Psn-NTF/Psn-CTF heterodimer produced through a Presenilinase-initiated endoproteolytic cleavage of the Psn holoprotein. Although it is clear that loss of Aph-1 activity leads to failure of Psn heterodimer formation, little is understood about whether Aph-1 plays a role in regulating gamma-secretase activity in addition to assisting Psn maturation. Using various modified Psn forms that do not require endoproteolysis or have a large deletion of the cytosolic loop, we show that in Drosophila Aph-1 is still required for gamma-secretase activity independent of its role in promoting Psn endoproteolysis. In addition, our results indicate that Aph-1 is required to promote cell survival in the wing imaginal disc; aph-1 mutant cells are lost either through cell death or because of a defect in cell proliferation. This function of Aph-1 is independent of its role in regulating gamma-secretase activity, but possibly involves downregulating the activity of uncleaved Psn holoprotein. genesis 47:169-174, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Cooper, Emilie; Chung, Hui-Min] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Cooper, Emilie] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Deng, Wu-Min] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Chung, HM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM hchung@uwf.edu FU NIH [1R15AG028448-01]; University of West Florida. FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH (AREA 1115 grant), Contract grant number: 1R15AG028448-01 (to H-MC), contract grant sponsor: University of West Florida. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1002/dvg.20478 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 425RT UT WOS:000264655500005 PM 19191330 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Change in Number of Ground Water Systems Providing Drinking Water SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 40 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01237.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 447EP UT WOS:000266174700002 ER PT J AU Mason, SM Messer, LC Laraia, BA Mendola, P AF Mason, Susan M. Messer, Lynne C. Laraia, Barbara A. Mendola, Pauline TI Segregation and preterm birth: The effects of neighborhood racial composition in North Carolina SO HEALTH & PLACE LA English DT Article DE Preterm birth; Residential segregation; Racial density; Neighborhood ID NEW-YORK-CITY; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; UNITED-STATES; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; INFANT-MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; WHITE WOMEN; BLACK AB Epidemiologic research suggests that racial segregation is associated with poor health among blacks in the United States (US). We used geocoded birth records and US census data to investigate whether neighborhood-level percent black is associated with preterm birth (PTB) for black and white women in two counties in the southern US, whether area-level deprivation modifies this association, and whether the association is influenced by the choice of geographic unit used to approximate a neighborhood. A 20%-point increase in tract-level percent black was found to be associated with increased PTB odds in white (OR= 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18) and black (OR = 1.05. 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11) women. These small associations were similar to those observed in other US regions. Effects were robust to choice of neighborhood proxy and were not modified by area-level deprivation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mason, Susan M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Messer, Lynne C.] US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Laraia, Barbara A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Prevent Sci Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Mendola, Pauline] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mason, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 4635, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ssmars@email.unc.edu; messer.lynne@epa.gov; laraiab@chc.ucsf.edu; pim9@cdc.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007168, K01 HD047122, T32 HD007168-24] NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-8292 J9 HEALTH PLACE JI Health Place PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.007 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 382WO UT WOS:000261636300001 PM 18359264 ER PT J AU Olivier, M Petitjean, A Teague, J Forbes, S Dunnick, JK den Dunnen, JT Langerod, A Wilkinson, JM Vihinen, M Cotton, RGH Hainaut, P AF Olivier, M. Petitjean, A. Teague, J. Forbes, S. Dunnick, J. K. den Dunnen, J. T. Langerod, A. Wilkinson, J. M. Vihinen, M. Cotton, R. G. H. Hainaut, P. TI Somatic Mutation Databases as Tools for Molecular Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology of Cancer: Proposed Guidelines for Improving Data Collection, Distribution, and Integration SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE somatic mutation; database; standards ID RECOMMENDATIONS AB There are currently less than 40 locus-specific databases (LSDBs) and one large general database that curate data on somatic mutations in human cancer genes. These databases have different scope and use different annotation standards and database systems, resulting in duplicated efforts in data curation, and making it difficult for users to find clear and consistent information. As data related to somatic mutations are generated at an increasing pace it is urgent to create a framework for improving the collecting of this information and making it more accessible to clinicians, scientists, and epidemiologists to facilitate research on biomarkers. Here we propose a data flow for improving the connectivity between existing databases and we provide practical guidelines for data reporting, database contents, and annotation standards. These proposals are based on common standards recommended by the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) with additions related to specific requirements of somatic mutations in cancer. Indeed, somatic mutations may be used in molecular pathology and clinical studies to characterize tumor types, help treatment choice, predict response to treatment and patient outcome, or in epidemiological studies as markers for tumor etiology or exposure assessment. Thus, specific annotations are required to cover these diverse research topics. This initiative is meant to promote collaboration and discussion on these issues and the development of adequate resources that would avoid the loss of extremely valuable information generated by years of basic and clinical research. Hum Mutat 30, 275-282, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Olivier, M.; Petitjean, A.; Hainaut, P.] IARC, Grp Mol Carcinogenesis & Biomarkers, World Hlth Org, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Teague, J.; Forbes, S.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Canc Genome Project, Cambridge, England. [Dunnick, J. K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [den Dunnen, J. T.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Langerod, A.] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Radiumhosp Med Ctr, Dept Genet,Inst Canc Res, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Wilkinson, J. M.] NCRI, Canc Informat Initiat, London, England. [Vihinen, M.] Univ Tampere, Inst Med Technol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Cotton, R. G. H.] Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland. [Vihinen, M.] St Vincents Hosp, Genom Disorders Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Olivier, M (reprint author), IARC, Grp Mol Carcinogenesis & Biomarkers, World Hlth Org, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. EM molivier@iarc.fr RI Vihinen, Mauno/A-8452-2012; Hainaut, Pierre /B-6018-2012; Olivier, Magali/G-3728-2010 OI Vihinen, Mauno/0000-0002-9614-7976; Hainaut, Pierre /0000-0002-1303-1610; Olivier, Magali/0000-0002-8202-342X FU IARC; EC FX These recommendations were prepared during a working group session of a training workshop on mutation databases that was held at IARC in Lyon in July 2007. The workshop was funded by IARC and by EC FP6. This publication reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of the European Community (EC). The Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1002/humu.20832 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 416NB UT WOS:000264011700001 PM 19006239 ER PT J AU Zhu, WY Gilmour, MI AF Zhu, Weiyan Gilmour, M. Ian TI Comparison of allergic lung disease in three mouse strains after systemic or mucosal sensitization with ovalbumin antigen SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Asthma; Genetic variability; Pulmonary function; Th2-type response ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INHALED ANTIGEN; MICE; ASTHMA; MODEL; HYPERREACTIVITY; EOSINOPHILIA; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES AB Murine models of allergic lung disease have many similar traits to asthma in humans and can be used to investigate mechanisms of allergic sensitization and susceptibility factors associated with disease severity. The purpose of this study was to determine strain differences in allergic airway inflammation, immunoglobulin production, and changes in respiratory responses between systemic and mucosal sensitization routes in BALB/cJ, FVB/NJ, and C57BL/6J, and to provide correlations between immune and pathophysiological endpoints. After a single intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, all three strains of mice systemically sensitized with OVA and adjuvant exhibited higher airflow limitation than non-sensitized mice. No changes were seen in mice that were pre-sensitized via the nose with OVA. Systemic sensitization resulted in an elevated response to methacholine (MCH) in BALB/cJ and FVB/NJ mice and elevated total and OVA-specific IgE levels and pulmonary eosinophils in all three strains. The mucosal sensitization and challenge produced weaker responses in the same general pattern with the C57BL/6J strain producing less serum IgE, IL5, IL13, and eosinophils in lung fluid than the other two strains. The converse was found for IL6 where the C57BL/6J mice had more than twice the amount of this cytokine. The results show that the FVB/NJ and BALB/cJ mice are higher Th2-responders than the C57BL/6J mice and that the levels of pulmonary eosinophilia and cytokines did not fully track with MCH responsiveness. These differences illustrate the need to assess multiple endpoints to provide clearer associations between immune responses and type and severity of allergic lung disease. C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhu, Weiyan] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU CEMALB of UNC-CA [R82952201] FX We thank Mary Daniels, Elizabeth Boykin James Lehmann and Judy Richards for their technical assistance. The project described was supported by CEMALB of UNC-CA through a cooperative agreement with the U. S. EPA (#R82952201). Its content are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U. S. EPA. This paper has been reviewed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00251-008-0353-8 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 415DZ UT WOS:000263915800004 PM 19224206 ER PT J AU Kough, JL AF Kough, J. L. TI Safety Assessment of Plant-Incorporated Protectants (PIPs) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kough, J. L.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides & Pollut Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Kough.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400013 ER PT J AU Winkfield, E Moyer, M DeAngelo, A AF Winkfield, Ernest Moyer, Mary DeAngelo, Anthony TI Immunocytochemistry and Image Analysis of Beta-catenin Redistribution in Normal Human Colon Cell Cultures Treated with Disinfection By-products. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Winkfield, Ernest; DeAngelo, Anthony] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moyer, Mary] INCELL Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. EM winkfield.ernest@epa.gov; deangelo.anthony@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S47 EP S48 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400123 ER PT J AU Koutros, S Lynch, CF Ma, XM Lee, WJ Hoppin, JA Christensen, CH Andreotti, G Freeman, LB Rusiecki, JA Hou, LF Sandler, DP Alavanja, MCR AF Koutros, Stella Lynch, Charles F. Ma, Xiaomei Lee, Won Jin Hoppin, Jane A. Christensen, Carol H. Andreotti, Gabriella Freeman, Laura Beane Rusiecki, Jennifer A. Hou, Lifang Sandler, Dale P. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Heterocyclic aromatic amine pesticide use and human cancer risk: Results from the US Agricultural Health Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE pesticides; bladder; colon; occupational exposures ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; BLADDER-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; COLON-CANCER; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; MEAT INTAKE; LIFE-STYLE; MORTALITY; WORKERS; EXPOSURE AB Imazethapyr, a heterocyclic aromatic amine, is a widely used crop herbicide first registered for use in the United States in 1989. We evaluated cancer incidence among imazethapyr-exposed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). The AHS is a prospective cohort of 57,311 licensed pesticide applicators in the U.S., enrolled from 1993-1997. Among the 49,398 licensed pesticide applicators eligible for analysis, 20,646 applicators reported use of imazethapyr and 2,907 incident cancers developed through 2004. Imazethapyr exposure was classified by intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days calculated as [years of use X days per year X intensity level]. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between imazethapyr exposure and cancer incidence. We found significant trends in risk with increasing lifetime exposure for bladder cancer (p for trend 0.01) and colon cancer (p for trend 0.02). Rate ratios (RRs) were increased by 137% for bladder cancer and 78% for colon cancer when the highest exposed were compared to the nonexposed. The excess risk for colon cancer was limited to proximal cancers, (RR = 2.73, 95% confidence intervals 1.42, 5.25, p for trend 0.001). No association was observed for prostate, lung, rectum, kidney, oral, pancreas, lymphohematopoietic cancers or melanoma. These findings provide new evidence that exposure to aromatic amine pesticides may be an overlooked exposure in the etiology of bladder and colon cancer. The use of imazethapyr and other imidazolinone compounds should continue to be evaluated for potential risk to humans. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Koutros, Stella; Andreotti, Gabriella; Freeman, Laura Beane; Alavanja, Michael C. R.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ma, Xiaomei] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Lee, Won Jin] Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul 136705, South Korea. [Hoppin, Jane A.; Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Christensen, Carol H.] US EPA, Toxicol & Epidemiol Branch, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Christensen, Carol H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rusiecki, Jennifer A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hou, Lifang] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Koutros, S (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000,MSC 7240, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM KoutrosS@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 CP010119-12]; NCI NIH HHS [TU2 CA105666, TU2 CA105666-05] NR 36 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 124 IS 5 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1002/ijc.24020 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 403JC UT WOS:000263077900027 PM 19058219 ER PT J AU Xia, YJ Wade, TJ Wu, KG Li, YH Ning, ZX Le, XC He, XZ Chen, BF Feng, Y Mumford, JL AF Xia, Yajuan Wade, Timothy J. Wu, Kegong Li, Yanhong Ning, Zhixiong Le, X. Chris He, Xingzhou Chen, Binfei Feng, Yong Mumford, Judy L. TI Well Water Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Induced Skin-Lesions and Self-Reported Morbidity in Inner Mongolia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; drinking water; Inner Mongolia; hyperkeratosis; skin lesions ID BLADDER-CANCER MORTALITY; DRINKING-WATER; INDUCED HYPERKERATOSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NORTHERN CHILE; HEART-DISEASE; ENDEMIC AREA; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; RISK AB Residents of the Bayingnormen region of Inner Mongolia have been exposed to arsenic-contaminated well water for over 20 years, but relatively few studies have investigated health effects in this region. We surveyed one village to document exposure to arsenic and assess the prevalence of arsenic-associated skin lesions and self-reported morbidity. Five-percent (632) of the 12,334 residents surveyed had skin lesions characteristics of arsenic exposure. Skin lesions were strongly associated with well water arsenic and there was an elevated prevalence among residents with water arsenic exposures as low as 5 mu g/L-10 mu g/L. The presence of skin lesions was also associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Xia, Yajuan; Wu, Kegong; Li, Yanhong] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mangolia, Peoples R China. [Ning, Zhixiong] Ba Men Anti Epidem Stn, Bayingnormen, Inner Mangolia, Peoples R China. [Le, X. Chris] Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [He, Xingzhou] Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Binfei] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Feng, Yong] Hangjin Hou Ctr Dis Control, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM yajxia@sohu.com; wade.tim@epa.gov; wkg1959@163.com; nmgliyh@163.com; bsjkxd@163.com; xc.le@ualberta.ca; He2007@188.com; chen.binfei@epa.gov; Bingyu33@sina.com; mumford.judy@epa.gov RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1025 DI 10.3390/ijerph6031010 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 451BJ UT WOS:000266445400013 PM 19440430 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Xia, YJ Wu, KG Li, YH Ning, ZX Le, XC Lu, XF Feng, Y He, XZ Mumford, JL AF Wade, Timothy J. Xia, Yajuan Wu, Kegong Li, Yanhong Ning, Zhixiong Le, X. Chris Lu, Xiufen Feng, Yong He, Xingzhou Mumford, Judy L. TI Increased Mortality Associated with Well-Water Arsenic Exposure in Inner Mongolia, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; drinking water; China; Inner Mongolia; mortality; heart disease; cancer ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; DRINKING-WATER; CANCER-MORTALITY; BLADDER-CANCER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; ENDEMIC AREA; LUNG-CANCER; GROUNDWATER; PREVALENCE AB We conducted a retrospective mortality study in an Inner Mongolian village exposed to well water contaminated by arsenic since the 1980s. Deaths occurring between January 1, 1997 and December 1, 2004 were classified according to underlying cause and water samples from household wells were tested for total arsenic. Heart disease mortality was associated with arsenic exposure, and the association strengthened with time exposed to the water source. Cancer mortality and all-cause mortality were associated with well-water arsenic exposure among those exposed 10-20 years. This is the first study to document increased arsenic-associated mortality in the Bayingnormen region of Inner Mongolia. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Xia, Yajuan; Wu, Kegong; Li, Yanhong] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Ning, Zhixiong] Ba Men Anti Epidem Stn, Bayingnormen, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Le, X. Chris; Lu, Xiufen] Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Feng, Yong] Hangjin Hou Ctr Dis Control, Hangjin Hou, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [He, Xingzhou] Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM wade.tim@epa.gov; yajxia@sohu.com; wkg1959@163.com; nmgliyh@163.com; bsjkxd@163.com; xc.le@ualberta.ca; xlu@ualberta.ca; Bingyu33@sina.com; He_2007@188.com; mumford.judy@epa.gov RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1123 DI 10.3390/ijerph6031107 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 451BJ UT WOS:000266445400019 PM 19440436 ER PT J AU Messner, M Bauer, J AF Messner, Mike Bauer, Jeremy TI Total Coliform Rule Brain Teaser SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Messner, Mike; Bauer, Jeremy] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Messner, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Messner.Mike@epamail.epa.gov; Bauer.Jeremy@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 422YF UT WOS:000264462900007 ER PT J AU Lavelle, K Olshan, A Herring, A Savitz, D Siega-Riz, AM Perreault, S AF Lavelle, Karlene Olshan, Andrew Herring, Amy Savitz, David Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Perreault, Sally TI EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE EXPOSURES AND BODY MASS INDEX ON SPERM QUALITY PARAMETERS OF FERTILE MEN SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 04-07, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Androl C1 [Lavelle, Karlene; Olshan, Andrew; Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Savitz, David] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Epidemiol Biostat & Dis Prevent Inst, New York, NY USA. [Perreault, Sally] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 MA 11 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 414FQ UT WOS:000263849700012 ER PT J AU Perobelli, J Fernandez, C Toledo, F Klinefelter, G Kempinas, W AF Perobelli, Juliana Fernandez, Carla Toledo, Fabiola Klinefelter, Gary Kempinas, Wilma TI PREPUBERTAL ANTIANDROGEN EXPOSURE: IMPAIRMENT OF THE EPIDIDYMAL FUNCTION IN ADULT RATS SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 04-07, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Androl C1 [Kempinas, Wilma] Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Perobelli, Juliana; Fernandez, Carla; Toledo, Fabiola] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Grad Program Cellular & Struct Biol, Campinas, Brazil. [Klinefelter, Gary] US EPA, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. RI PEROBELLI, JULIANA/D-5722-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 MA 66 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 414FQ UT WOS:000263849700067 ER PT J AU Holowecky, PM James, RR Lorch, DP Straka, SE Lindquist, HDA AF Holowecky, P. M. James, R. R. Lorch, D. P. Straka, S. E. Lindquist, H. D. A. TI Evaluation of ultrafiltration cartridges for a water sampling apparatus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evaluation; microbial concentration; ultrafiltration cartridge; water sample concentration ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTER; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; VIRUSES; OPTIMIZATION; MICROBES AB To determine the efficiency of various ultrafiltration cartridges (UFC) in concentrating test micro-organisms from drinking water. Replicate drinking water samples from three potable water supplies were dosed with Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Francisella tularensis LVS, Yersinia pestis CO92, bacteriophages MS2 and phi-X174, and Cryptosporidium parvum. The test micro-organisms were dosed together in 100 l of water, which was then recirculated through one of five different UFC until the retentate volume was reduced to c. 500 ml. The micro-organisms were assayed before and after ultrafiltration concentration and per cent recoveries were calculated. There were nine statistically significant differences among pairs of filters out of a possible 180 different combinations of UFC, test micro-organisms, and water types. No filter consistently performed better or worse than the others for each test micro-organism in all water samples tested. This study provides performance data on the ability of several different UFC to concentrate a panel of test micro-organisms from three sources of potable water. Water utilities and first responders may use these data when selecting UFC for use in emergency response protocols. This study also provides additional data as to the efficacy of ultrafiltration for recovering bacteria, virus-like particles, and protozoan oocysts from water samples. C1 [Holowecky, P. M.; James, R. R.; Lorch, D. P.; Straka, S. E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. A.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Holowecky, PM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM holoweckyp@battelle.org FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was undertaken as a part of the Technology Testing and Evaluation Program (TTEP) and was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors would like to thank Vincent Hill of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kevin Oshima of the US EPA for their assistance during this study as well as Minntech Corporation, Fresenius Medical, and Baxter Corporation for donation of their UFC. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 106 IS 3 BP 738 EP 747 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04019.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 405TK UT WOS:000263246900003 PM 19191977 ER PT J AU Leif, RC Yang, S Jin, DY Piper, J Vallarino, LM Williams, JW Zucker, RM AF Leif, Robert C. Yang, Sean Jin, Dayong Piper, James Vallarino, Lidia M. Williams, John W. Zucker, Robert M. TI Calibration beads containing luminescent lanthanide ion complexes SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE luminescence; beads; lanthanide; europium; digital microscopy; standard; spectra; time delayed ID SPECTRAL IMAGING-SYSTEMS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PERFORMANCE AB The reliability of lanthanide luminescence measurements, by both flow cytometry and digital microscopy, would be enhanced by the availability of narrowband emitting, UV excited lanthanide calibration beads. 0.5-, 3-, and 5-mu m beads containing a luminescent europium-complex are manufactured. The luminescence distribution of the 5-mu m beads is measured with a time-delayed light-scatter-gated luminescence flow cytometer to have a 7.0% coefficient of variation (CV) The spacial distribution of the europium-complex in individual beads is determined to be homogeneous by confocal microscopy. Emission peaks are found at 592, 616 (width 9.9 nm), and 685 nm with a PARISS spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the luminescence bleaching caused by UV irradiation of the 0.5- and 5-mu m beads measured under LED excitation with a fluorescence microscope indicate that bleaching does not interfere with their imaging. The luminescence lifetimes in water and air were 340 and 460 mu s, respectively. Thus, these 5-mu m beads can be used for spectral calibration of microscopes equipped with a spectrograph, as test particles for time-delayed luminescence flow cytometers, and possibly as labels for macromolecules and cells. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3103646] C1 [Leif, Robert C.] Newport Instruments, R&D, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. [Jin, Dayong; Piper, James] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Lasers & Applicat, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Vallarino, Lidia M.; Williams, John W.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Zucker, Robert M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Leif, RC (reprint author), Newport Instruments, R&D, 5648 Toyon Rd, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. EM rleif@rleif.com RI Jin, Dayong/D-9652-2011 OI Jin, Dayong/0000-0003-1046-2666 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20575069]; (International Society for Analytical Cytology) scholar program; Australian ARC/NHMRC FABLS (Fluorescence Applications in Biotechnology and Life Sciences) network FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Australian ARC/NHMRC FABLS (Fluorescence Applications in Biotechnology and Life Sciences) network for a seeding project fund to support emerging new technology, the ISAC (International Society for Analytical Cytology) scholar program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (number 20575069), Newport Instruments' Internal Development Funds, and Lidia Vallarino's Gift Fund. Robert C. Leif and Sean Yang are employees of Newport Instruments, which is the supplier of the Fire-Red T beads. This work has been reviewed and approved for publication as an EPA document. Approval does not necessarily signify that the contents reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 AR 024022 DI 10.1117/1.3103646 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 456SM UT WOS:000266868500046 PM 19405752 ER PT J AU Brouhle, K Griffiths, C Wolverton, A AF Brouhle, Keith Griffiths, Charles Wolverton, Ann TI Evaluating the role of EPA policy levers: An examination of a voluntary program and regulatory threat in the metal-finishing industry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Voluntary programs; Pollution control; Regulatory threat; Policy evaluation ID ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE; SELF-REGULATION; INCENTIVES; AGREEMENTS; MARKET; FIRMS; PARTICIPATION; PROTECTION; STANDARDS; POLLUTION AB In this paper, we evaluate the influence of two environmental policy levers on emissions in the metal-finishing industry: a voluntary program-the Strategic Goals Program (SGP)-and the threat of formal regulation. While voluntary approaches are increasingly utilized as policy tools, the effectiveness of such programs is often questioned, and the impact of a voluntary program in tandem with a regulatory threat is not well understood. We examine the decision to participate in the SGP and, conditional on that decision, determine the effects that the SGP and regulatory threat had on facility emissions behavior. Participation in the program appears related to several forms of external pressure: the regulatory threat, industry trade association membership, the level of environmental giving in a state, and a number of neighborhood characteristics. However, over the entire study period, participation in the SGP yielded little, if any, additional reductions in emissions, while the regulatory threat is correlated with significant emission reductions by both participants and non-participants. Splitting our study period into two time periods reveals a more nuanced relationship between SGP participation and emissions behavior than is evident over the entire study period. While participants do not appear to take advantage of the program initially, they make greater strides in reducing emissions than non-participants in later years. The split sample results also indicate that both participants and non-participants react strongly to the initial threat of regulation and to an increase in its relative stringency. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brouhle, Keith] Grinnell Coll, Dept Econ, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Griffiths, Charles; Wolverton, Ann] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Brouhle, K (reprint author), Grinnell Coll, Dept Econ, 1210 Pk St, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. EM brouhlek@grinnell.edu NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 166 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2008.07.006 PG 16 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 429FU UT WOS:000264907100004 ER PT J AU Jennings, S AF Jennings, Susan TI Community Engagement - Overcoming Challenges SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Jennings, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 71 IS 7 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 411CT UT WOS:000263626300006 PM 19326668 ER PT J AU Lorber, M AF Lorber, Matthew TI Use of a simple pharmacokinetic model to characterize exposure to perchlorate SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; exposure modeling; pharmacokinetic modeling ID LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; THYROID-FUNCTION; IODIDE UPTAKE; BREAST-MILK; INHIBITION; KINETICS; HUMANS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CREATININE; AMERICANS AB A simple two-compartment first-order pharmacokinetic model that predicts concentrations of perchlorate in blood and urine was constructed and validated. The model was validated using data from a high-dose experiment in humans where doses and resulting concentrations of perchlorate in blood and urine were well documented. Specifically, data were available for individuals who had been dosed at 0.5, 0.1, and 0.02mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days, significantly higher than the average background dose, which is estimated to be less than 0.0001mg/kg/day. The average measured urine concentration in the high-dose regime during the experiment was 15.4mg/l compared with an average prediction of 17.3mg/l. In the medium-dose regime, the average measured was 3.0mg/l compared with 4.1mg/l predicted, and in the low-dose regime, the average measured was 0.53mg/l compared with 0.68mg/l predicted. For blood, the analogous results include 0.51mg/l measured compared with 0.54mg/l predicted in the high-dose regime and 0.12mg/l measured versus 0.11mg/l predicted in the medium-dose regime. The model was then used to study background exposures to perchlorate. A national sampling of perchlorate in urine showed a median concentration of 0.0035mg/l, and this was used to back-calculate a dose of 0.000064mg/kg/ day. This finding was independently verified with the modeling structure of this study, as use of that back-calculated dose of 0.000064mg/kg/day resulted in predictions of urine concentration with an average virtually identical at 0.0033mg/l. An examination of literature data on the possible pathways of exposure suggests that the consumption of foods, rather than ingestion of water, dominates background exposures. Daily variation in urine concentration was studied with the model, and it was found that concentrations in the morning hours were lower than concentrations in the afternoon and evening hours, corresponding to the time when most exposure was assumed to occur. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 260 -273; doi: 10.1038/jes. 2008.8; published online 16 April 2008 C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCEA 8623N, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCEA 8623N, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 408TJ UT WOS:000263457600003 PM 18414513 ER PT J AU Mosquin, PL Licata, AC Liu, B Sumner, SCJ Okino, MS AF Mosquin, Paul L. Licata, Amy Collins Liu, Bing Sumner, Susan C. J. Okino, Miles S. TI Reconstructing exposures from small samples using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models and multiple biomarkers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; PBPK model; exposure reconstruction ID PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; BREATH CONCENTRATIONS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BIOMONITORING DATA; CHLORPYRIFOS; POPULATION; METABOLITES; VARIABILITY; VOLUNTEERS AB This study examines the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for inferring exposure when the number of biomarker observations per individual is limited, as commonly occurs in population exposure surveys. The trade-off between sampling multiple biomarkers at a specific time versus fewer biomarkers at multiple time points was investigated, using a simulation-based approach based on a revised and updated chlorpyrifos PBPK model originally published. Two routes of exposure, oral and dermal, were studied as were varying levels of analytic measurement error. It is found that adding an additional biomarker at a given time point adds substantial additional information to the analysis, although not as much as the addition of another sampling time. Furthermore, the precision of the estimates of exposed dose scaled approximately with the analytic precision of the biomarker measurement. For acute exposure scenarios such as those considered here, the results of this study suggest that the number of biomarkers can be balanced against the number of sampling times to obtain the most efficient estimator after consideration of cost, intrusiveness, and other relevant factors. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 284-297; doi: 10.1038/jes. 2008.17; published online 7 May 2008 C1 [Okino, Miles S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Mosquin, Paul L.; Licata, Amy Collins; Liu, Bing; Sumner, Susan C. J.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Okino, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM okino.miles@epa.gov OI Mosquin, Paul/0000-0001-9101-5977 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 284 EP 297 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.17 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 408TJ UT WOS:000263457600005 PM 18461092 ER PT J AU Devney, CA Kondrad, SL Stebbins, KR Brittingham, KD Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH AF Devney, Carol A. Kondrad, Shannon L. Stebbins, Katherine R. Brittingham, Kevin D. Hoffman, David J. Heinz, Gary H. TI A saltwater flotation technique to identify unincubated eggs SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging eggs; egg flotation; embryonic development; incubation stage; saltwater flotation ID INCUBATION STAGE; AGE; DATE; NESTS AB Field studies on nesting birds sometimes involve questions related to nest initiation dates, length of the incubation period, or changes in parental incubation behavior during various stages of incubation. Some of this information can be best assessed when a nest is discovered before the eggs have undergone any incubation, and this has traditionally been assessed by floating eggs in freshwater. However, because the freshwater method is not particularly accurate in identifying unincubated eggs, we developed a more reliable saltwater flotation method. The saltwater method involves diluting a saturated saltwater solution with freshwater until a salt concentration is reached where unincubated eggs sink to the bottom and incubated eggs float to the surface. For Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 39.0% (N = 251) of eggs that were subsequently found by candling to have undergone incubation prior to collection. By contrast, in a separate collection of gull eggs, no eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 225) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. For Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 15.6% (N = 250) of eggs that had undergone incubation prior to collection, whereas in a separate collection, none of the eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 85) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. Immersion of eggs in saltwater did not affect embryo survival. Although use of the saltwater method is likely limited to colonial species and requires calibrating a saltwater solution, it is a faster and more accurate method of identifying unincubated eggs than the traditional method of floating eggs in freshwater. C1 [Devney, Carol A.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Brittingham, Kevin D.; Hoffman, David J.; Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Devney, Carol A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Australian Inst Marine Sci, AIMS JCU, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Kondrad, Shannon L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stebbins, Katherine R.] US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Brittingham, Kevin D.] Baltimore Cty Dept Environm Protect & Resource Ma, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. RP Devney, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM carol.devney@jcu.edu.au FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank P. Spitzer and M. Hoffman for helping collect eggs in the field, and J. Klimstra for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00208.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 410TS UT WOS:000263601800010 ER PT J AU Zhang, XM Rygwelski, KR Rossmann, R AF Zhang, Xiaomi Rygwelski, Kenneth R. Rossmann, Ronald TI The Lake Michigan contaminant transport and fate model, LM2-toxic: Development, overview, and application SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Michigan; Fate and transport model; PCBs; Organic carbon; Multimedia interaction; Forecast ID GREAT-LAKES; MASS-BALANCE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC PCBS; SPATIAL TRENDS; AIR; VARIABILITY; DEPOSITION AB The Lake Michigan contaminant transport and fate model LM2-Toxic was developed to gain a better understanding of PCB cycling dynamics and to predict environmental exposure concentrations of 54 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in Lake Michigan water and sediment from 1994 to 2055 as a function of a variety of forcing functions including constant conditions, continued recovery forecasts, and load reduction scenarios. LM2-Toxic couples the organic carbon sorbent and chemical dynamics conceptualized for a natural water system. Based on 1994-1995 model results, a mass budget analysis showed that air-water exchange was the most important mass transfer process. Volatilization was the largest PCB loss and gas absorption was the largest PCB input to Lake Michigan. Model-predicted environmental exposure concentrations suggest that the water quality criterion for protection of wildlife (0.074 ng/L) and human health (0.026 ng/L) will be attained in approximately 2018 and 2045, respectively, based on a slow recovery scenario. For this scenario, atmospheric components, including vapor phase concentration and wet and dry particulate loadings, were assumed to decline with a 20 year half-life, and tributary loadings were assumed to decline with a 13 year half-life. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaomi] Z Tech, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Rygwelski, Kenneth R.; Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Zhang, XM (reprint author), Z Tech, Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM zhang.xiaomi@epa.gov; rygwelski.kenneth@epa.gov; rossmann.ronald@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Special thanks to staff at GLNPO and the Large Lake Research Station, Grosse Ile, Michigan for general support and technical direction. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900015 ER PT J AU Saha, RN Dudek, SM Pahan, K AF Saha, R. N. Dudek, S. M. Pahan, K. TI TNF-ALPHA PRECONDITIONING PROTECTS NEURONS VIA NEURON-SPECIFIC UPREGULATION OF CREB-BINDING PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 07-11, 2009 CL Charleston, SC SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Saha, R. N.; Pahan, K.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Dudek, S. M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 108 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 407AU UT WOS:000263336800141 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Funk, J Kraft, A AF Harry, G. J. Funk, J. Kraft, A. TI CONTRIBUTION OF IL-6 IN EXERCISE INDUCED NEUROPROTECTION SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 07-11, 2009 CL Charleston, SC SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Harry, G. J.; Funk, J.; Kraft, A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Funk, J.] Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 108 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 407AU UT WOS:000263336800205 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW Jicha, TM Pearson, MS Taylor, DL Hill, BH AF Angradi, Ted R. Bolgrien, David W. Jicha, Terri M. Pearson, Mark S. Taylor, Debra L. Hill, Brian H. TI Multispatial-scale variation in benthic and snag-surface macroinvertebrate assemblages in mid-continent US great rivers SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE great rivers; Mississippi River; Missouri River; Ohio River; wood; snags; benthos; macroinvertebrates; filterers; longitudinal patterns ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; OHIO RIVER; SAMPLING METHODS; NORTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; SYSTEM AB We sampled macroinvertebrate assemblages in the littoral benthos and on the surface of snags in the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. Snag assemblages differed from benthic assemblages. Tubificids, Caenis, Tanytarsus, Cryptochironomus, Limnodrilus, and Chironomini were consistently more abundant in the benthos; Nais, Cricotopus/Orthocladius, Nematoda, and Rheotanytarsus were consistently more abundant on snags. Filterers were more abundant and gatherers were less abundant on snags than in the benthos. Snag assemblages differed among rivers and among reaches within rivers. Variation among reaches was the result of direct and indirect effects of high-dam reservoir impoundments (upper vs lower Missouri River) and low-dam impoundment for navigation (impounded vs free-flowing Upper Mississippi River). The maximum relative abundance of filterers; in the lower Missouri River, which was the only long unregulated reach we studied, was related to particulate organic C and sestonic chlorophyll a concentration, which increased with distance downriver from the lowest main-stem dam. Snag diameter, snag-surface characteristics, and water depth did not affect the composition of snag assemblages, but the dominant taxa on snags in fast-velocity locations were different from the dominant taxa on snags in slow-velocity locations. Relatively few taxa showed strong longitudinal patterns in relative abundance within a reach, and only on the Missouri River. We hypothesize that the many navigation dams on the Ohio and Upper Mississippi rivers suppress the development of environmental gradients and inhibit the formation of longitudinal patterns in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Snag assemblages were dominated by a few taxa (genus-level and higher), a characteristic that might constrain the sensitivity of the assemblages to some human impacts. Sampling snag assemblages has potential for great-river bioassessment, but further research is necessary on sampling methods and sensitivity of assemblages to stressors. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.; Pearson, Mark S.; Taylor, Debra L.; Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov; bolgrien.david@epa.gov; jicha.terri@epa.gov; pearson.mark@epa.gov; taylor.debra@epa.gov; hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We are grateful to Kevin Stroom, Grace Kilbane, John Sandberg, Igor Grigorovich, and Kurt Schmude for identifying the organisms collected for this study. We are indebted to the US Geological Survey, state, and contract personnel who collected the data in the field. We thank Marlys Cappaert (CSC Corporation, Corvallis, Oregon) and data team for database support, and the staff of CSC Corporation (Duluth, Minnesota) for the map. Comments by Arthur Benke, Annett Trebitz, Jennifer Sauer, MaryAnn Starus, and Pamela Silver improved the paper. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that its contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 122 EP 141 DI 10.1899/07-149.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 409BN UT WOS:000263481300012 ER PT J AU Brinkman, NE Fout, GS AF Brinkman, Nichole E. Fout, G. Shay TI Development and evaluation of a generic tag array to detect and genotype noroviruses in water SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Norovirus; Generic microarray; Environmental detection ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS; GROUNDWATER; CULTURE; TRENDS AB Noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in the United States, some of which are caused by the ingestion of contaminated water. Detection and genotypic characterization of noroviruses is commonly performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing. However, sequencing of products amplified from environmental water samples is often hindered by the co-amplification of non-specific cDNA. To overcome this issue, a generic microarray was evaluated to genotype noroviruses by probe hybridization. RT-PCR amplicons are used in a single base extension (SBE) reaction where genotype-specific probes are labeled and then hybridized to an Affymetrix GeneChip (R) GenFlex (TM) Tag Array for detection. Using a standardized, multiplex SBE reaction, genotyping of representative strains was accomplished through the identification of genotype-specific patterns of positive hybridization results. Furthermore, the SBE-GenFlex array method was successful in the genotype identification of noroviruses seeded into tap and Ohio River water samples. This study shows the utility of using a microarray to genotype noroviruses in complex environmental matrices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brinkman, Nichole E.; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Brinkman, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS320, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM brinkman.nichole@epa.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.03.010 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 420ZX UT WOS:000264328800002 PM 18471900 ER PT J AU Boehm, AB Ashbolt, NJ Colford, JM Dunbar, LE Fleming, LE Gold, MA Hansel, JA Hunter, PR Ichida, AM Mcgee, CD Soller, JA Weisberg, SB AF Boehm, Alexandria B. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Colford, John M., Jr. Dunbar, Lee E. Fleming, Lora E. Gold, Mark A. Hansel, Joel A. Hunter, Paul R. Ichida, Audrey M. Mcgee, Charles D. Soller, Jeffrey A. Weisberg, Stephen B. TI A sea change ahead for recreational water quality criteria SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; indicators; pathogens; risk; swimming; water criteria ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FRESH-WATER; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FECAL CONTAMINATION; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SOURCE TRACKING; COASTAL WATERS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for new criteria development. We believe that among the most needed research needs are the completion of epidemiology studies in tropical waters and in waters adversely impacted by urban runoff and animal feces, as well as studies aimed to validate the use of models for indicator and pathogen concentration and health risk predictions. C1 [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Colford, John M., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunbar, Lee E.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miller Sch Med, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Gold, Mark A.] Heal Bay, Monica, CA USA. [Hansel, Joel A.] US EPA, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hunter, Paul R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Med, Anglia, England. [Ichida, Audrey M.] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Mcgee, Charles D.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm, Berkeley, CA USA. [Weisberg, Stephen B.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Boehm, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aboehm@stanford.edu RI Hunter, Paul/A-7172-2008; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU NIEHS [P50 ES12736]; NSF [OCE0432368]; NIH [1 R01 ES013519]; NOAA Oceans and Human Health [NA04OAR4600195] FX The authors acknowledge the USEPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology (OST, Health and Ecological Criteria Division (HECD) and Standards and Health Protection Division (SHPD)) and Office of Research and Development (ORD) for organizing and hosting the Experts Scientific Workshop on Critical Research Needs for the Development of New or Revised Recreational Water Quality Criteria. Thanks to Denise Keehner (workshop chairperson, SHPD), Ephraim King (OST), Suzanne Rudzinski (OST), and Kevin Teichman (ORD) for their attention and commitment to furthering both the science and the policy that support the development of criteria. Members of the USEPA workshop organizing committee, S. Barash, R. Calderon, E. Doyle, A. Dufour, S. Fontenelle, P. Harrigan, R. Hoffmann, B. Leamond, C. Noss, K. Oshima, J. Ravenscroft, G. Robiou, C. Roberts, S. Schaub, T. Wade, J. Wathen and L. Wisniewski, are also acknowledged. LEF acknowledges funding in part from grants from NIEHS (P50 ES12736) and NSF (OCE0432368). JMC was supported by grant NIH 1 R01 ES013519. ABB was supported by NOAA Oceans and Human Health Grant NA04OAR4600195 and acknowledges Sharyl Rabinovici who inspired some of the ideas presented in this paper. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the US EPA. NR 67 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 32 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.2166/wh.2009.122 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 417CM UT WOS:000264052900002 PM 18957771 ER PT J AU Moyes, H Awe, JJ Brook, GA Webster, JW AF Moyes, Holley Awe, Jaime J. Brook, George A. Webster, James W. TI THE ANCIENT MAYA DROUGHT CULT: LATE CLASSIC CAVE USE IN BELIZE SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; COLLAPSE; CIVILIZATION; LOWLANDS; CLIMATE; ROCKSHELTERS; ARCHEOLOGY; GUATEMALA; PETEN AB Caves were, used as ritual venues by the ancient Maya from the Early Preclassic to the Postclassic period. These sites have been intensively investigated, but little research has been devoted to changes in cave use over time. Work at Chechem Ha Cave in western Belize investigates transformations in ritual practice occurring between the Early and Late Classic periods using an explanatory framework that incorporates high-definition archaeological research with a paleoclimate reconstruction derived from speleothems. This is one of the first projects to directly link these data to the archaeological record. Me also introduce new methodology to evaluate changes in ritual practice using use-intensity proxies and artifact patterning. These data demonstrate that Late Classic transformations were coeval with climatic drying. The phenomenon was identified in this case study, and the pattern is prevalent throughout the eastern lowlands suggesting that an ancient Maya drought cult,vas initiated at this time. We provide the first evidence that there was a failed ritual response to environmental stress, implying that a loss of faith in Maya rulership contributed to the downfall of political systems. This is an important finding for collapse theories that include ideological causations. C1 [Moyes, Holley] Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Awe, Jaime J.] Belize Inst Archaeol, Belmopan, Belize. [Brook, George A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Webster, James W.] US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Moyes, H (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM hmoyes@email.arizona.edu; jaimeawe@yahoo.com; gabrook@uga.edu NR 144 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 26 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 175 EP 206 PG 32 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 429LM UT WOS:000264921900010 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Teng, QN Villeneuve, DL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Ankley, GT Collette, TW AF Ekman, Drew R. Teng, Quincy Villeneuve, Daniel L. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Ankley, Gerald T. Collette, Timothy W. TI Profiling lipid metabolites yields unique information on sex- and time-dependent responses of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fish; Metabolomics; NMR; Estrogens; Lipids ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HETEROPNEUSTES-FOSSILIS BLOCH; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS L; RAINBOW-TROUT; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; RAT-LIVER; CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM AB Alterations in hepatic lipid profiles of fathead minnows (FHM) exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) were determined using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolite profiling. The exposures were conducted using either 10 ng/l or 100 ng/l EE2 via a continuous flow water delivery system. Livers were collected at 1, 4, and 8 days of the exposure and 8 days after the chemical was removed from the water (i.e. an 8 day depuration). The exposure resulted in a number of sex-specific changes in lipid profiles that were also highly time dependent. Those metabolites most affected by exposure included phosphatidylcholine, diglycerides, triglycerides and cholesterol. In addition, changes in the length and degree of unsaturation of hepatic fatty acids were observed. Lipid profiles in plasma for fish collected on the 4th day of exposure were also analyzed in order to provide further insights into changes observed in hepatic metabolite changes. Using validated partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the response trajectories of the male liver lipid profiles at both exposure concentrations were compared. This analysis indicated that the males exposed to the low concentration of EE2 (10 ng/l) were largely able to recover from the exposure once the chemical was removed from the water. Conversely, the males exposed to the high concentration (100 ng/l) did not appear to recover from the exposure despite the 8 day depuration. C1 [Ekman, Drew R.; Teng, Quincy; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Kahl, Michael D.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ekman, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ekman.drew@epa.gov FU U. S. EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; U. S. EPA Office of Science Council Policy FX This work has been subjected to review by the National Exposure Research Laboratory and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was funded in part by the U. S. EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology and the U. S. EPA Office of Science Council Policy. NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11306-008-0138-y PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 413MW UT WOS:000263798200003 ER PT J AU Ma, WJ Panduri, V Sterling, JF Van Houten, B Gordenin, DA Resnick, MA AF Ma, Wenjian Panduri, Vijayalakshmi Sterling, Joan F. Van Houten, Bennett Gordenin, Dmitry A. Resnick, Michael A. TI The Transition of Closely Opposed Lesions to Double-Strand Breaks during Long-Patch Base Excision Repair Is Prevented by the Coordinated Action of DNA Polymerase delta and Rad27/Fen1 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIGASE I; BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS; REPLICATION FORK; ABASIC SITES; DAMAGE; POL32; RADIATION AB DNA double-strand breaks can result from closely opposed breaks induced directly in complementary strands. Alternatively, double-strand breaks could be generated during repair of clustered damage, where the repair of closely opposed lesions has to be well coordinated. Using single and multiple mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( budding yeast) that impede the interaction of DNA polymerase delta and the 5'-flap endonuclease Rad27/Fen1 with the PCNA sliding clamp, we show that the lack of coordination between these components during long-patch base excision repair of alkylation damage can result in many double-strand breaks within the chromosomes of nondividing haploid cells. This contrasts with the efficient repair of nonclustered methyl methanesulfonate-induced lesions, as measured by quantitative PCR and S1 nuclease cleavage of single-strand break sites. We conclude that closely opposed single-strand lesions are a unique threat to the genome and that repair of closely opposed strand damage requires greater spatial and temporal coordination between the participating proteins than does widely spaced damage in order to prevent the development of double-strand breaks. C1 [Gordenin, Dmitry A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Van Houten, Bennett] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pharmacol & Chem Biol, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gordenin, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gordenin@niehs.nih.gov; resnick@niehs.nih.gov RI Ma, Wenjian/C-1071-2012 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS [1 Z01 ES065073, 2 Z01 ES61062] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS (NIH, DHHS) under projects 1 Z01 ES065073 (M.A.R.) and 2 Z01 ES61062 (B.V.H.). NR 61 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1221 DI 10.1128/MCB.01499-08 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 406KI UT WOS:000263293500011 PM 19075004 ER PT J AU Ross, JA Moore, T Leavitt, SA AF Ross, Jeffrey A. Moore, Tanya Leavitt, Sharon A. TI In vivo mutagenicity of conazole fungicides correlates with tumorigenicity SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; BLUE(R) TRANSGENIC MICE; B6C3F1 MOUSE-LIVER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MUTANT FREQUENCY; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; MUTATION ASSAYS; LACI; PROPICONAZOLE; MYCLOBUTANIL AB Triadimefon, propiconazole and myclobutanil are conazoles, an important class of agricultural and therapeutic fungicides. Triadimefon and propiconazole are mouse liver tumorigens, while myclobutanil is not. All three conazoles are generally inactive in short-term genotoxicity tests. We studied the in vivo mutagenicity of these three conazoles using the Big Blue (R) mouse assay system. Groups of mice were fed either control diet or diet containing 1800 p.p.m. triadimefon, 2500 p.p.m. propiconazole or 2000 p.p.m. myclobutanil. After 4 days of feeding, mice were immediately euthanized, livers were removed, DNA isolated and lacI genes recovered into infectious bacteriophage lambda particles by in vitro packaging. Bacteriophage with mutations in the lacI gene was detected by infecting into Escherichia coli, and mutant frequencies were determined using a colorimetric plaque assay. Propiconazole induced a 1.97-fold increase in mutant frequency compared to concurrent controls (P = 0.018) and triadimefon induced a 1.94-fold increase compared to concurrent controls (P = 0.009). Myclobutanil did not induce any change in mutant frequency (P = 0.548). These results provide the first evidence that the hepatotumorigenic conazoles are capable of inducing mutations in liver in vivo while the non-tumorigen myclobutanil is not, suggesting that mutagenicity may represent a key event in conazoles tumorigenic mode of action. C1 [Ross, Jeffrey A.; Moore, Tanya; Leavitt, Sharon A.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ross, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ross.jeffrey@epamail.epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1093/mutage/gen062 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 413YO UT WOS:000263831300005 PM 19028983 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ Kyle, AD Aubrecht, J Cogliano, VJ Eastmond, DA Jackson, M Keshava, N Sandy, MS Sonawane, B Zhang, LP Waters, MD Smith, MT AF Guyton, Kathryn Z. Kyle, Amy D. Aubrecht, Jiri Cogliano, Vincent J. Eastmond, David A. Jackson, Marc Keshava, Nagalakshmi Sandy, Martha S. Sonawane, Babasaheb Zhang, Luoping Waters, Michael D. Smith, Martyn T. TI Improving prediction of chemical carcinogenicity by considering multiple mechanisms and applying toxicogenomic approaches SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Carcinogenicity testing; Risk assessment; Genotoxicity battery ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; DISCRIMINATE RODENT CARCINOGENS; VITRO GENOTOXICITY TESTS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; EXPOSED HUMAN-SUBJECTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; HUMAN CANCER; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RELATIVE PREDICTIVITY AB While scientific knowledge of the potential health significance of chemical exposures has grown, experimental methods for predicting the carcinogenicity of environmental agents have not been substantially updated in the last two decades. Current methodologies focus first on identifying genotoxicants under the premise that agents capable of directly damaging DNA are most likely to be carcinogenic to humans. Emphasis on the distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens is also motivated by assumed implications for the dose-response curve; it is purported that genotoxicants would lack a threshold in the low dose region, in contrast to non-genotoxic agents. However, for the vast majority of carcinogens, little if any empirical data exist to clarify the nature of the cancer dose-response relationship at low doses in the exposed human population. Recent advances in scientific understanding of cancer biology-and increased appreciation of the multiple impacts of carcinogens on this disease process-support the view that environmental chemicals can act through multiple toxicity pathways, modes and/or mechanisms of action to induce cancer and other adverse health outcomes. Moreover, the relationship between dose and a particular outcome in an individual could take multiple forms depending on genetic background, target tissue, internal dose and other factors besides mechanisms or modes of action: inter-individual variability and susceptibility in response are, in turn, key determinants of the population dose-response curve. New bioanalytical approaches (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) applied in human, animal and in vitro studies could better characterize a wider array of hazard traits and improve the ability to predict the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Keshava, Nagalakshmi; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kyle, Amy D.; Zhang, Luoping; Smith, Martyn T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aubrecht, Jiri] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Cogliano, Vincent J.] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Eastmond, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Eastmond, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jackson, Marc; Waters, Michael D.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sandy, Martha S.] Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Guyton, KZ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM guyton.kate@epa.gov FU US EPA [EP07HO01783]; Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS), Inc.; Pfizer, Inc; NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program [P42ES004705] FX This manuscript was motivated by a workshop chaired by MTS and MDW at the 2007 Environmental Mutagen Society Annual Meeting entitled "Predicting Chemical Carcinogenicity: Moving beyond Batteries". The workshop was sponsored by US EPA (contract #EP07HO01783), Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS), Inc. and Pfizer, Inc. ADK, LZ and MTS are supported by NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program Grant P42ES004705. NR 89 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAR-JUN PY 2009 VL 681 IS 2-3 BP 230 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.10.001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 417RQ UT WOS:000264095000010 PM 19010444 ER PT J AU Laughlin, SK Baird, DD Savitz, DA Herring, AH Hartmann, KE AF Laughlin, Shannon K. Baird, Donna D. Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy H. Hartmann, Katherine E. TI Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyomas in the First Trimester of Pregnancy An Ultrasound-Screening Study SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; FOLLOW-UP; COMPLICATIONS; MYOMAS; FIBROIDS; OUTCOMES; DIAGNOSIS; DELIVERY; MODELS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of pregnant women with one or more leiomyomas detected by research-quality ultrasound screening in the first trimester, to describe the size and location of leiomyomas identified, and to report variation in prevalence by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Within an ongoing prospective cohort, we conducted 4,271 first-trimester or postmiscarriage ultrasound examinations. Sonographers measured each leiomyoma three separate times, recording the maximum diameter in three perpendicular planes each time. Sonographers and investigators classified type and location. RESULTS: Among 458 women with one or more leiomyomas (prevalence 10.7%), we identified a total of 687 leiomyomas. The mean size of the largest leiomyoma was 2.3 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-2.8). Mean gestational age at ultrasonography was 61 +/- 13 days from last menstrual period. Prevalence varied by race/ethnicity: 18% in African-American women (95% CI 13-25), 8% in white women (95% Cl 7-11), and 10% in Hispanic women (95% CI 5-19). The proportion of women with leiomyomas increased with age much more steeply for African-American women than for white women. CONCLUSION: Leiomyomas are common in pregnancy and occur more often among African-American women. Given the limited research on effects of leiomyomas on reproductive outcomes, the degree to which race/ethnic disparities in prevalence of leiomyomas may contribute to disparities in events such as miscarriage and preterm birth warrants investigation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Biostat & Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Hartmann, KE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, 2525 W End Ave,Suite 600,6th Floor, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM katherine.hartmann@vanderbilt.edu RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU NICHD [RO1 HDO43883-04] FX Conducted as part of the Right from theStartstudy. Supported by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation under contract #2579 (Savitz); the Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreement R-82845507 (Savitz); Pfizer Scholars Grants for Faculty Development in Clinical Epidemiology (Hartmann), NICHD RO1 HDO43883-04: "Consequences and Course of Uterine Fibroids in Pregnancy" (Hartmann and Herring); and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Women's Health Fellowships in Intramural Women's Health Research (Laughlin). Also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 26 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 630 EP 635 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 412UP UT WOS:000263750000009 PM 19300327 ER PT J AU Wilson, JA Parsons, JL Jorgensen, EE AF Wilson, James A. Parsons, Jennifer L. Jorgensen, Eric E. TI Protein Nutrition of Southern Plains Small Mammals: Immune Response to Variation in Maternal and Offspring Dietary Nitrogen SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATS SIGMODON HISPIDUS; MICE PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; COTTON RATS; TRADE-OFFS; ENERGETIC COST; ACUTE BENZENE; SEX-RATIO; COMMUNITY; CHOICE; GROWTH AB Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and postnatal offspring nutrition may influence offspring traits. We investigated the effects of maternal and postweaning offspring dietary nitrogen on immune function and hematology in two species of rodent: the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), a primarily herbivorous rodent, and the fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), an omnivore. These two species responded differently to the same levels of treatment, with cotton rats primarily influenced by maternal diet and harvest mice by postweaning offspring diet. Cotton rats born to mothers on high-nitrogen diets had lower values of mean corpuscle volume and hemoglobin and greater concentrations of serum immunoglobulins. Spleen size, cell-mediated immune response, and the number of splenocytes and thymic platelets were lower in cotton rats born to mothers on low-and high-nitrogen diets. High-nitrogen offspring diet increased kidney and liver mass in cotton rats. Harvest mice had increased kidney mass on high-nitrogen maternal diets; however, changes in offspring diet after weaning reduced hematological parameters in individuals fed low-nitrogen diets. Body length was also affected, with harvest mice born to mothers fed low-and high-nitrogen diets having shorter lengths. Splenocyte cellular activity was greater in offspring born to mothers on high-nitrogen diets in both species. C1 [Wilson, James A.; Parsons, Jennifer L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Jorgensen, Eric E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilson, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, 6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM gulywhumpr@sbcglobal.net FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development; National Risk Management Research Laboratory [DW14938554-01-0] FX This project was funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, under Interagency Agreement DW14938554-01-0 with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biological Resources Division and was administered by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, USGS Biological Resources Division, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA or USGS. We appreciate the field and laboratory assistance of L. Newby, E. Webb, and C. Deerenberg. We thank the administrative, logistical, and design contributions of D. M. Leslie Jr. and E. C. Hellgren. The contributions of the late R. L. Lochmiller were important to the genesis of this project. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 82 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1086/590919 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 410DD UT WOS:000263555700008 PM 19199557 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Bercegeay, M Oshiro, WM Krantz, QT Kenyon, EM Bushnell, PJ Benignus, VA AF Boyes, William K. Bercegeay, Mark Oshiro, Wendy M. Krantz, Q. Todd Kenyon, Elaina M. Bushnell, Philip J. Benignus, Vernon A. TI Acute Perchloroethylene Exposure Alters Rat Visual-Evoked Potentials in Relation to Brain Concentrations SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neurotoxicity; PBPK model; volatile organic compound; organic solvent; visual-evoked potential ID COLOR-VISION LOSS; LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ACUTE TOLUENE EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CONTRAST-SENSITIVITY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MICROELECTRONICS WORKERS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS AB These experiments sought to establish a dose-effect relationship between the concentration of perchloroethylene (PCE) in brain tissue and concurrent changes in visual function. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was implemented to predict concentrations of PCE in the brains of adult Long-Evans rats following inhalation exposure. The model was evaluated for performance against tissue concentrations from exposed rats (n = 40) and data from the published scientific literature. Visual function was assessed using steady-state pattern-elicited visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded from rats during exposure to air or PCE in two experiments (total n = 84) with concentrations of PCE ranging from 250 to 4000 ppm. VEP waveforms were submitted to a spectral analysis in which the major response component, F2, occurring at twice the visual stimulation rate, was reduced in amplitude by PCE exposure. The F2 amplitudes were transformed to an effect-magnitude scale ranging from 0 (no effect) to 1 (maximum possible effect), and a logistical function was fit to the transformed values as a function of estimated concurrent brain PCE concentrations. The resultant function described a dose-response relationship between brain PCE concentration and changes in visual function with an ED(10) value of approximately 0.684 mg/l and an ED(50) value of approximately 46.5 mg/l. The results confirmed that visual function was disrupted by acute exposure to PCE, and the PBPK model and logistic model together could be used to make quantitative estimates of the magnitude of deficit to be expected for any given inhalation exposure scenario. C1 [Boyes, William K.; Bercegeay, Mark; Oshiro, Wendy M.; Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Krantz, Q. Todd; Kenyon, Elaina M.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benignus, Vernon A.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory FX The intramural research program of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 108 IS 1 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn265 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 410VO UT WOS:000263606600016 PM 19098276 ER PT J AU Heidenfelder, BL Reif, DM Harkema, JR Hubal, EAC Hudgens, EE Bramble, LA Wagner, JG Morishita, M Keeler, GJ Edwards, SW Gallagher, JE AF Heidenfelder, Brooke L. Reif, David M. Harkema, Jack R. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Hudgens, Edward E. Bramble, Lori A. Wagner, James G. Morishita, Masako Keeler, Gerald J. Edwards, Stephen W. Gallagher, Jane E. TI Comparative Microarray Analysis and Pulmonary Changes in Brown Norway Rats Exposed to Ovalbumin and Concentrated Air Particulates SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ovalbumin; allergen; asthma; particulate matter; remodeling; inflammation; microarray ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; IGE PRODUCTION; ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; NASAL EPITHELIUM; LUNG DEVELOPMENT; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ASTHMA AB The interaction between air particulates and genetic susceptibility has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation exposure to environmentally relevant concentrated air particulates (CAPs) on the lungs of ovalbumin (ova) sensitized and challenged Brown Norway rats. Changes in gene expression were compared with lung tissue histopathology, morphometry, and biochemical and cellular parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ova challenge was responsible for the preponderance of gene expression changes, related largely to inflammation. CAPs exposure alone resulted in no significant gene expression changes, but CAPs and ova-exposed rodents exhibited an enhanced effect relative to ova alone with differentially expressed genes primarily related to inflammation and airway remodeling. Gene expression data was consistent with the biochemical and cellular analyses of the BALF, the pulmonary pathology, and morphometric changes when comparing the CAPs-ova group to the air-saline or CAPs-saline group. However, the gene expression data were more sensitive than the BALF cell type and number for assessing the effects of CAPs and ova versus the ova challenge alone. In addition, the gene expression results provided some additional insight into the TGF-beta-mediated molecular processes underlying these changes. The broad-based histopathology and functional genomic analyses demonstrate that exposure to CAPs exacerbates rodents with allergic inflammation induced by an allergen and suggests that asthmatics may be at increased risk for air pollution effects. C1 [Heidenfelder, Brooke L.; Hudgens, Edward E.; Gallagher, Jane E.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. [Reif, David M.; Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. [Harkema, Jack R.; Bramble, Lori A.; Wagner, James G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Morishita, Masako; Keeler, Gerald J.] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Edwards, Stephen W.] US EPA, Off Associate Director Hlth, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Immediate Off,Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. RP Gallagher, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 58C, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. EM gallagher.jane@epa.gov OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPD07069, ED-D-07-017] FX The research described in this paper was funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPD07069 to jh and ED-D-07-017 for Expression Analysis). NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 108 IS 1 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp005 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 410VO UT WOS:000263606600020 PM 19176365 ER PT J AU Ross, PK Woods, CG Bradford, BU Kosyk, S Gatti, DM Cunningham, ML Rusyn, I AF Ross, Pamela K. Woods, Courtney G. Bradford, Blair U. Kosyk, Sana Gatti, Daniel M. Cunningham, Michael L. Rusyn, Ivan TI Time-course comparison of xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPAR alpha in mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kupffer cells; PPAR alpha; Toxicogenomics; Microarrays ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIVE/ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; PHENYTOIN INDUCTION; TUMOR PROMOTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; X RECEPTOR; MICE; WY-14,643 AB Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)a are transcription factors known to be primary mediators of liver effects, including carcinogenesis, by phenobarbital-like compounds and peroxisome proliferators, respectively, in rodents. Many similarities exist in the phenotypes elicited by these two classes of agents in rodent liver, and we hypothesized that the initial transcriptional responses to the xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPAR alpha will exhibit distinct patterns, but at later time-points these biological pathways will converge. In order to capture the global transcriptional changes that result from activation of these nuclear receptors over a time-course in the mouse liver, microarray technology was used. First, differences in basal expression of liver genes between C57BI/6J wildtype and Car-null mice were examined and 14 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified. Next, mice were treated with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg by gavage for 24 h, or 0.085% w/w diet for 7 or 28 days), and liver gene expression changes with regards to both time and treatment were identified. While several pathways related to cellular proliferation and metabolism were affected by phenobarbital in wildtype mice, no significant changes in gene expression were found over time in the Car-nulls. Next, we determined commonalities and differences in the temporal response to phenobarbital and WY-14,643, a prototypical activator of PPAR alpha. Gene expression signatures from livers of wild-type mice C57BI6/J mice treated with PB or WY-14,643 were compared. Similar pathways were affected by both compounds; however, considerable time-related differences were present. This study establishes common gene expression fingerprints of exposure to activators of CAR and PPAR alpha in rodent liver and demonstrates that despite similar phenotypic changes, molecular pathways differ between classes of chemical carcinogens. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Pamela K.; Bradford, Blair U.; Kosyk, Sana; Gatti, Daniel M.; Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Woods, Courtney G.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Woods, Courtney G.] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci, Annandale, NJ USA. [Cunningham, Michael L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 0031 Michael Hooker Res Ctr,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU NIH [ES12686, ES10126, ES11391]; EPA [RD832720, RD833825]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank Drs. Fred Wright, David Threadgill and Chang Fan, and Ms. Alison Hege with the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill for valuable assistance with data analysis and interpretation. We wish to thank Mr. Jeffrey Davis at ILS, Research Triangle Park, NC for preparing the diet used in this study. Financial support for these studies was provided, in part, by grants from NIH (ES12686, ES10126 and ES11391) and EPA (RD832720 and RD833825), and by the Intramural Research program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content of the manuscript does not reflect the views and policies of the EPA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 235 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.011 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 416GX UT WOS:000263994900008 PM 19136022 ER PT J AU Butler, BA AF Butler, Barbara A. TI Effect of pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic carbon, time, and particle size on metals release from mine drainage impacted streambed sediments SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sorption; Desorption; Acid-mine drainage remediation ID SOILS; MANGANESE; CADMIUM; ACIDS; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; TRENDS; MN AB Acid-mine drainage (AMD) input to a stream typically results in the stream having a reduced pH, increased concentrations of metals and salts, and decreased biological productivity. Removal and/or treatment of these AMD sources is desired to return the impacted stream(s) to initial conditions, or at least to conditions suitable for restoration of the aquatic ecosystem. Some expected changes in the water chemistry of the stream following removal of AMD input include an increase in pH, a decrease in ionic strength, and an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from increased biological activity in the absence of toxic metals concentrations. These changes in water chemistry may cause the existing contaminated bed sediments to become a source of metals to the stream water. Streambed sediments, collected from North Fork Clear Creek (NFCC), Colorado, currently impacted by AMD, were assessed for the effects of pH, ionic strength, DOC concentration, time, and particle size on metals release using a factorial design. The design included two levels for each chemical parameter (ionic strength = 40 and 80% lower than ambient; pH = 6 and 8; and DOC = 1 and 3 mg/l higher than ambient), ten sampling times (from zero to 48 h), and two size fractions of sediments (63 mu m <= x < 2 mm and <63 mu m). Greater concentrations of metals were released from the smaller sized sediments compared with the larger, with the exception of Cu. A mild acid digestion (0.6 M HCl) evaluated the amount of each metal that could be removed easily from each of the sediment size fractions. Release of all metals over all time points, treatments, and from both sediment sizes was less than 1% of the extractable concentrations, with the exception of Mn, which ranged from 4 to 7% from the smaller sized sediment. Greater percentages of the 0.6 M HCl-extractable concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn were released from the larger sized sediment, while this was true for release of Cd and Mn from the smaller sized sediment. Thus, at least for Cd and Mn, the observed higher concentrations released from the smaller sized sediment with each treatment solution is not simply a function of these particles having higher concentrations available for release, but that these metals also are more readily released from the smaller sediment particles versus the larger. DOC concentration strongly influenced the release of Cu; ionic strength strongly influenced the release of Cd, Mn, and Zn; and interaction effects were observed with the release of Cu, Mn, and Zn from the larger size fraction and with the release of Zn from the smaller size fraction, Overall, results suggest that the expected changes in water chemistry following removal/treatment of the AMD sources would result in a release of metals from the existing sediments, with a greater effect on the release of Cu and Fe, than on the release of Cd, Mn, and Zn. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Butler, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM butler.barbara@epa.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 425DD UT WOS:000264616300025 PM 19110291 ER PT J AU Christensen, JR Crumpton, WG van der Valk, AG AF Christensen, Jay R. Crumpton, William G. van der Valk, Arnold G. TI ESTIMATING THE BREAKDOWN AND ACCUMULATION OF EMERGENT MACROPHYTE LITTER: A MASS-BALANCE APPROACH SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE cattail; common reed; Delta Marsh; detritus; litter bag; whitetop ID PHRAGMITES-COMMUNIS TRIN; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; TYPHA-ANGUSTIFOLIA L; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PRAIRIE MARSHES; ORGANIC-MATTER; DELTA-MARSH; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; AUSTRALIS AB Litter accumulation within emergent macrophyte marshes may significantly influence abiotic conditions and biota but litter is rarely considered in emergent macrophyte Studies. Litter is defined here as the standing and fallen dead plant material that can be collected using harvest methods in the field. Litter accumulation can be predicted by combining annual production with litter breakdown rates. Breakdown rates are typically measured using litter bag studies but these rates may also be measured using a mass-balance approach. A five year study conducted in Delta Marsh, Manitoba measured annual standing crop and harvested accumulated litter of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., Typha glauca Godr., and Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link. These species differ in their level of refractory material and hence the amount of litter that is expected to accumulate. Using annual estimates of standing crop and litter mass, a mass-balance model was used to estimate the litter breakdown rate for each species at three water levels. Mass-balance derived rates for Phragmites and Typha were significantly different (F(1, 14) = 5.07, p = 0.03) and also differed across water depths (F(2, 14) = 4.35, p = 0.04). For both species, predicted annual accumulations of litter tracked observed litter Values. The mass-balance approach, however, was not suitable for Scolochloa because there is no litter carry over from year to year. When compared to observed litter accumulations, estimates of litter accumulation made using litter bag breakdown rates consistently overestimated annual litter accumulation. In short, breakdown rates can be estimated using a mass-balance approach and can then provide more accurate estimates of annual litter accumulations emergent species With recalcitrant litter. C1 [Christensen, Jay R.; Crumpton, William G.; van der Valk, Arnold G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Christensen, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM christensen.jay@epamail.epa.gov FU Graduate college; Environmental Science; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary; Department of Ecology, Evolution. and Organismal Biology; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Lisette Ross, Dale Wrubleski, and Henry Murkin at Ducks Unlimited Canada for securing data from the MERP Studies and for helpful insights; numerous field workers at the MERP Study that collected the data used in this study. We thank Greg Stenback for help with data organization and statistical analysis. We thank Philip Dixon, Mailha Nash, David Bradford, Charles Lane, two anonymous reviewers, and editors for their discussion and suggestions on previous drafts. Jana and Gref Stenback, Bradley Miller, and Amy Christensen provided Jay Christensen with constant encouragement and advice. Support was provided by the Graduate college, the Environmental Science Program, the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program, and the Department of Ecology, Evolution. and Organismal Biology at Iowa State University. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research of Jay Christensen, and the work has been subjected to Agency review and approved publication. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500021 ER PT J AU Stander, EK Ehrenfeld, JG AF Stander, Emilie K. Ehrenfeld, Joan G. TI RAPID ASSESSMENT OF URBAN WETLANDS: FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; nitrate; denitrification; nitrification; HGM; hydrology; New Jersey ID FORESTED WETLANDS; HYDROGEOMORPHIC APPROACH; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RIPARIAN ZONES; NEW-JERSEY; DENITRIFICATION; MITIGATION; SOILS; USA; URBANIZATION AB The objective of this Study was to test the ability of existing hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional assessment models and our own proposed models to predict rates of nitrate production and removal. functions critical to water quality protection, in forested riparian wetlands in northeastern New Jersey. In particular, the relationship between rapidly measured structural indicators and complex nitrogen (N) Cycling functions was evaluated as well as the ability of generalized biogeochemical models to predict rates of specific N cycling processes. Additional models were designed specifically to predict net nitrification and denitrification rates, using both rapid and non-rapid variables based on known controlling factors on these two processes. Existing models and our Own rapid models were not able to describe net nitrification and denitrification rates in urban riparian wetlands. Our additional models based on non-rapid variables, quantified through long-term hydrological monitoring and laboratory analyses of soil properties, successfully described net nitrification rates, but Surprisingly failed to adequately predict denitrification rates. The high variability in hydrological and soil properties and the complexity of site-specific relationships between disturbance, altered hydrology, and hydrologically driven N cycling processes in urban wetlands restricts our ability to predict denitrification rates using simple models. It is recommended that functional assessment models be designed to describe specific, process-based functions which are based on structural indicators that are well linked to process rates. These indicators Should be based on measurements from at least one year of hydrological monitoring and from simple laboratory measurements of soil properties. Detailed studies populations of wetlands may be necessary to validate specific forms of models. C1 [Stander, Emilie K.; Ehrenfeld, Joan G.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Stander, EK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM stander.emilie@epa.gov FU EPA STAR; USGS/NIWR; New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute FX We thank Peter Groffman, Tamar Barkay, and Wei-Xing Zhu for providing helpful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper, Robert Hamilton. IV, Dave Lewis, Manisha Patel, Dave Berry, Ryan Sklar, Seth Davis, Ann Lang, Adira Rybandt, Tammy Gotsch, and Kim Spiegel for assistance with field data collection and laboratory analyses, and Monica Palta for assistance with data analyses. Funding was provided by USGS/NIWR and the New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute. E. Stander was supported on an EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship for a portion of this Study. The research described here has been Subjected to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication its an EPA document. Use of trade names or commercial products is for identification purposes only and does not Constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the EPA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 261 EP 276 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500026 ER PT J AU Wang, K Zhang, Y Jang, C Phillips, S Wang, BY AF Wang, Kai Zhang, Yang Jang, Carey Phillips, Sharon Wang, Binyu TI Modeling intercontinental air pollution transport over the trans-Pacific region in 2001 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; 1999 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; ASIAN DUST EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; PART I; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; PARTICULATE MATTER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system is used to study the intercontinental transport of air pollution across the Pacific region. Baseline simulations are conducted for January, April, July, and October 2001 at a 108 km horizontal grid resolution. A sensitivity simulation is conducted for April 2001 to study the impact of Asian anthropogenic emissions on the United States's air quality. Process analysis is conducted to study pollutant formation and transport and to quantify the relative contributions of atmospheric processes to ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Model simulations are evaluated with available surface, aircraft, and satellite observations. Simulated meteorology basically captures the synoptic pattern, but precipitation amounts are significantly underpredicted. Most of the PM2.5 components are overestimated over the United States and most gases are underestimated over east Asia. Simulated NO2 and CO columns agree well with satellite observations. Aerosol optical depths and tropospheric O-3 residuals are underpredicted, especially in July. The simulated horizontal fluxes and process analyses show that the transport in the lower free troposphere followed by a large-scale subsidence over the United States provides a major Asian pollution export pathway for most pollutants, while the transport in the planetary boundary layer also plays an important role, especially for CO, O-3, PM2.5, and SO42-. The background concentrations of O-3 and SO42- in the western United States can increase by similar to 1 ppb (similar to 2.5%) and 0.4 mu g m(-3) (similar to 20%) in monthly average, up to 2.5 ppb and 1.0 mu g m(-3) in daily average, respectively, due to the Asian emissions in April. C1 [Wang, Kai; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Binyu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jang, Carey; Phillips, Sharon] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989 FU U. S. EPA's ICAP; NASA [NNG04GJ90G] FX This work was supported by the U. S. EPA's ICAP project and the NASA award NNG04GJ90G. Thanks are due to Hilary E. Snell, AER Inc., U. S., for providing the MODIS, GOME, and MOPITT satellite data; Jack Fishman and John K. Creilson, NASA Langley Research Center, U. S., for providing the TOMS/SBUV satellite data; Ji-Ming Hao and Ke-Bin He, Tsinghua University, China, for providing the observational data in Beijing, China; Takigawa Masayuki, the Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan, for providing the codes for the extraction of Japan data; KrishVijayaraghavan, AER Inc., U. S., for providing Fortran codes for column abundance calculations of different chemical species; Alice Gilliland and Steve Howard, U. S. NOAA/EPA, for providing observational data from national networks over U. S. and the Fortran code for extracting data from observational databases and CMAQ; Shao-Cai Yu, the NOAA/U.S. EPA, for providing Fortran codes for statistical calculations; and Tanya L. Otte, the NOAA/U.S. EPA, for providing Fortran codes for 10 m wind speed calculation from other altitudes. NR 75 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D04307 DI 10.1029/2008JD010807 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 412OC UT WOS:000263733100003 ER PT J AU Simon, H Kimura, Y McGaughey, G Allen, DT Brown, SS Osthoff, HD Roberts, JM Byun, D Lee, D AF Simon, H. Kimura, Y. McGaughey, G. Allen, D. T. Brown, S. S. Osthoff, H. D. Roberts, J. M. Byun, D. Lee, D. TI Modeling the impact of ClNO2 on ozone formation in the Houston area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOUTHEAST TEXAS; CHLORINE EMISSIONS; CARBON BOND; URBAN; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; KINETICS AB During the summer of 2006, nitryl chloride (ClNO2) mixing ratios of over 1 ppb were measured in the Houston urban area. Nitryl chloride is potentially important to atmospheric chemistry in urban environments because its photolysis products include both NO2 and chlorine atoms. Chlorine atoms have previously been shown to significantly increase ozone formation in urban Houston. Photochemical modeling was performed using the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) to estimate the effects of observed nitryl chloride concentrations on local chemistry in southeast Texas. CAMx was modified to include a formation mechanism for nitryl chloride as well as its photolysis reaction. Comparisons between model predictions and ambient measurements showed that the model-predicted ClNO2 concentrations were within the range of observed data. Model simulations predict that ClNO2 increases total reactive chlorine mass by 20-40% in the atmosphere of southeast Texas. Despite the high reactivity of chlorine, nitryl chloride caused only modest increases in ozone concentrations ( up to 1.0-1.5 ppb when baseline 1-h average ozone concentrations were between 60 and 85 ppb). The chemistry and physical processes which affect ozone formation were further investigated using box model simulations and a Lagrangian process analysis tool (LPA) within the gridded photochemical modeling simulations. These analyses showed that vertical dispersion and local atmospheric composition moderated the effect of nitryl chloride on ozone mixing ratios. C1 [Simon, H.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Simon, H.; Kimura, Y.; McGaughey, G.; Allen, D. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Brown, S. S.; Osthoff, H. D.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Byun, D.; Lee, D.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM simon.heather@epa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; simon, heather/E-4392-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360; FU Texas Air Research Center FX The authors thank Eric Williams and Brian Lerner (NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division) for the use of CO and NOx measurement data taken on board the R/V Ronald H. Brown. The authors also thank Joost A. de Gouw (NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES), Jessica Gilman ( NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES), and William C. Kuster ( NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division) for the use of their GC mass spectrometry data taken on board the R/V Ronald H. Brown and for their comments on preliminary versions of this manuscript. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Support for this work was provided by the Texas Air Research Center. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 10 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F03 DI 10.1029/2008JD010732 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410XS UT WOS:000263612200006 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Dentener, FJ Wild, O Cuvelier, C Schultz, MG Hess, P Textor, C Schulz, M Doherty, RM Horowitz, LW MacKenzie, IA Sanderson, MG Shindell, DT Stevenson, DS Szopa, S Van Dingenen, R Zeng, G Atherton, C Bergmann, D Bey, I Carmichael, G Collins, WJ Duncan, BN Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Gauss, M Gong, S Hauglustaine, D Holloway, T Isaksen, ISA Jacob, DJ Jonson, JE Kaminski, JW Keating, TJ Lupu, A Marmer, E Montanaro, V Park, RJ Pitari, G Pringle, KJ Pyle, JA Schroeder, S Vivanco, MG Wind, P Wojcik, G Wu, S Zuber, A AF Fiore, A. M. Dentener, F. J. Wild, O. Cuvelier, C. Schultz, M. G. Hess, P. Textor, C. Schulz, M. Doherty, R. M. Horowitz, L. W. MacKenzie, I. A. Sanderson, M. G. Shindell, D. T. Stevenson, D. S. Szopa, S. Van Dingenen, R. Zeng, G. Atherton, C. Bergmann, D. Bey, I. Carmichael, G. Collins, W. J. Duncan, B. N. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. Gauss, M. Gong, S. Hauglustaine, D. Holloway, T. Isaksen, I. S. A. Jacob, D. J. Jonson, J. E. Kaminski, J. W. Keating, T. J. Lupu, A. Marmer, E. Montanaro, V. Park, R. J. Pitari, G. Pringle, K. J. Pyle, J. A. Schroeder, S. Vivanco, M. G. Wind, P. Wojcik, G. Wu, S. Zuber, A. TI Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; MICS-ASIA-II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; MACE-HEAD; BACKGROUND OZONE; TRANSATLANTIC TRANSPORT AB Understanding the surface O-3 response over a "receptor" region to emission changes over a foreign "source" region is key to evaluating the potential gains from an international approach to abate ozone (O-3) pollution. We apply an ensemble of 21 global and hemispheric chemical transport models to estimate the spatial average surface O-3 response over east Asia (EA), Europe (EU), North America (NA), and south Asia (SA) to 20% decreases in anthropogenic emissions of the O-3 precursors, NOx, NMVOC, and CO (individually and combined), from each of these regions. We find that the ensemble mean surface O-3 concentrations in the base case (year 2001) simulation matches available observations throughout the year over EU but overestimates them by > 10 ppb during summer and early fall over the eastern United States and Japan. The sum of the O-3 responses to NOx, CO, and NMVOC decreases separately is approximately equal to that from a simultaneous reduction of all precursors. We define a continental-scale "import sensitivity" as the ratio of the O-3 response to the 20% reductions in foreign versus "domestic" (i.e., over the source region itself) emissions. For example, the combined reduction of emissions from the three foreign regions produces an ensemble spatial mean decrease of 0.6 ppb over EU (0.4 ppb from NA), less than the 0.8 ppb from the reduction of EU emissions, leading to an import sensitivity ratio of 0.7. The ensemble mean surface O-3 response to foreign emissions is largest in spring and late fall (0.7-0.9 ppb decrease in all regions from the combined precursor reductions in the three foreign regions), with import sensitivities ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 (responses to domestic emission reductions are 0.8-1.6 ppb). High O-3 values are much more sensitive to domestic emissions than to foreign emissions, as indicated by lower import sensitivities of 0.2 to 0.3 during July in EA, EU, and NA when O-3 levels are typically highest and by the weaker relative response of annual incidences of daily maximum 8-h average O-3 above 60 ppb to emission reductions in a foreign region(< 10-20% of that to domestic) as compared to the annual mean response (up to 50% of that to domestic). Applying the ensemble annual mean results to changes in anthropogenic emissions from 1996 to 2002, we estimate a Northern Hemispheric increase in background surface O-3 of about 0.1 ppb a(-1), at the low end of the 0.1-0.5 ppb a(-1) derived from observations. From an additional simulation in which global atmospheric methane was reduced, we infer that 20% reductions in anthropogenic methane emissions from a foreign source region would yield an O-3 response in a receptor region that roughly equals that produced by combined 20% reductions of anthropogenic NOx, NMVOC, and CO emissions from the foreign source C1 [Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Dentener, F. J.; Cuvelier, C.; Van Dingenen, R.; Marmer, E.] Commiss European Communities, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancester Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Schultz, M. G.; Schroeder, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Textor, C.] Univ Paris 06, GMES France Atmosphere, Serv Aeron, INSU,CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. [Textor, C.; Schulz, M.; Szopa, S.; Hauglustaine, D.] CNRS, UVSQ, IPSL, CEA,Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sanderson, M. G.; Collins, W. J.; Pringle, K. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Zeng, G.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Atherton, C.; Bergmann, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bey, I.; Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Modelisat Chim Atmospher, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Carmichael, G.] Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gauss, M.; Isaksen, I. S. A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Gong, S.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hauglustaine, D.] European Sci Fdn, Life Earth & Environm Sci, F-67080 Strasbourg, France. [Holloway, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Park, R. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Jonson, J. E.; Wind, P.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kaminski, J. W.; Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Vivanco, M. G.] CIEMAT, Atmospher Pollut Unit, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wojcik, G.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Atmospher Effects Grp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. [Jacob, D. J.; Park, R. J.; Wu, S.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Arlene.Fiore@noaa.gov; frank.dentener@jrc.it; O.Wild@lancaster.ac.uk; kees.cuvelier@jrc.it; m.schultz@fz-juelich.de; hess@ucar.edu; christiane.textor@aero.jussieu.fr; michael.schulz@isce.ipsl.fr; ruth.doherty@ed.ac.uk; Larry.Horowitz@noaa.gov; iamack@staffmail.ed.ac.uk; Michael.sanderson@metoffice.gov.uk; dshindell@giss.nasa.gov; dstevens@staffmail.ed.ac.uk; sophie.szopa@Isce.ipsl.fr; rita.van-dingenen@jrc.it; Cynthia.Atherton@moore.org; dbergmann@llnl.gov; isabelle.bey@epfl.ch; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; bill.collins@metoffice.gov.uk; Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov; greg.faluvegi@gmail.com; gerd.folberth@metoffice.gov.uk; Michael.gauss@geo.uio.no; Sunling.Gong@ec.gc.ca; dhauglustaine@esf.org; taholloway@wisc.edu; ivar.isaksen@geofysikk.uio.no; djacob@fas.harvard.edu; jan.eiof.jonson@met.no; jacek@yorku.ca; Keating.Terry@epamail.epa.gov; alexlupu@yorku.ca; elina.marmer@jrc.it; veronica.montanaro@aquila.infn.it; rjpark@snu.ac.kr; gianni.pitari@aquila.infn.it; pringle@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; John.Pyle@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk; s.schroeder@fz-juelich.de; m.garcia@ciemat.es; peter.wind@met.no; gary.wojcik@ngc.com; slwu@mtu.edu; Andre.ZUBER@ec.europa.eu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X FU U.S. DOE Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERC [NE/D012538/1]; NASA; UK Defra [AQ902]; DECC [GA01101]; MoD [CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Spanish Ministry of the Environment; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-3205] FX We are grateful to D. Jaffe and D. Reidmiller (University of Washington), and to A. Gnanadesikan and R. Stouffer (GFDL) and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. C. A. and D. B. were supported primarily by the U.S. DOE Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. R. M. D., I. A. M., and D. S. S. acknowledge funding from NERC (NE/D012538/1); B.N.D. from NASA MAP; M. G. S., K.J.P., and W.J.C. from the UK Defra under contract AQ902 and the Joint DECC and MoD Programme, (DECC) GA01101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5; A. L. and J. W. K. from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust; and M. G. V. from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment. R. J. P. was partly supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2007-3205. NR 103 TC 183 Z9 187 U1 50 U2 173 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D04301 DI 10.1029/2008JD010816 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410XQ UT WOS:000263612000001 ER PT J AU Venier, M Ferrario, J Hites, RA AF Venier, Marta Ferrario, Joseph Hites, Ronald A. TI Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Atmosphere Around the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR; PCDD/FS; PCDDS/PCDFS; DEPOSITION; FURANS; AREAS; PCBS AB The atmospheric concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were measured in four sites near the shores of the North American Great Lakes. The sites included an urban site (Chicago, Illinois) and three rural/remote sites (Eagle Harbor, Michigan; Sleeping Bear Dunes, Michigan; and Sturgeon Point, New York). Sampling occurred every 24 days between November 2004 and December 2007. The concentration of PCDD/Fs averaged 2.3 +/- 0.2 fg WHO TEQ/m(3) at Eagle Harbor, 35 +/- 3 fg WHO TEQ/m(3) at Chicago, 7.4 +/- 1.4 fg WHO TEO/m3 at Sleeping Bear Dunes, and 13 +/- 2 fg WHO TEQ/m(3) at Sturgeon Point The total concentration of the 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners showed a significant seasonal trend at all sites, except Chicago. The date of maximum concentration averaged Dec 6 +/- 35 days, which is consistent with residential heating being an important source of PCDD/Fs to the atmosphere. A significant positive relationship between the logarithm of the total concentration of the 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners and the logarithm of the number of people within a 25 km radius around the sampling site was found. We suggest that urban and industrial areas, which are heavily populated, act as sources of PCDDs and PCDFs to the atmosphere. C1 [Venier, Marta; Hites, Ronald A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ferrario, Joseph] US EPA, Environm Chem Lab, OPP BEAD, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39520 USA. RP Hites, RA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM hitesr@indiana.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the Great Lakes Commission for funding (Project Officer Jon Dettling); Ilora Basu and Team IADN for the operation of the network; David Cleverly at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for supplying the NDAMN data; Chris Byrne, Tripp Boone, and Craig Vigo (all from the EPA/ OPP/BEAD Environmental Chemistry Laboratory) for QA/ QC, coordination of sample preparation, and for HRMS analyses, respectively. Although the research described in this paper has been partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and, therefore, may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/es802644w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406MC UT WOS:000263298600014 PM 19320154 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Weber, EJ AF Zhang, Huichun Weber, Eric J. TI Elucidating the Role of Electron Shuttles in Reductive Transformations in Anaerobic Sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HOMOGENEOUS AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; MEDIATED REDUCTION; ABIOTIC REDUCTION; OXIDATION-STATE; IRON PORPHYRIN AB Model studies have demonstrated that electron shuttles (ES) such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) can participate in the reduction of organic contaminants; however, much uncertainty exists concerning the significance of this solution phase pathway for contaminant reduction in natural systems. To compare the identity and reactivity of ES in anaerobic sediments with those in model systems, two chemical probes (4-cyano-4'-aminoazobenzene (CNAAzB) either free or covalently bound to glass beads) were synthesized that allowed for differentiation between surface-associated and solution-phase electron-transfer processes. The feasibility of these chemical probes were demonstrated in abiotic model systems (Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxide) and biotic model systems (Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxide or river sediment amended with S. putrefaciens strain cells). Experiments in the abiotic systems revealed that the addition of model hydroquinones and chemically reduced DOM increased reduction rates of free CNAAzB, whereas no enhancement in reactivity was observed with the addition of model quinones or DOM. Bound CNAAzB was also reduced by model hydroquinones and reduced DOM-but not by model quinones and untreated DOM-in the abiotic model systems, indicating that Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxides do not function as a bulk reductant for the reduction of ES. Addition of model quinones or untreated DOM to the biotic models systems with sediment increased reduction rates of bound CNAAzB, which correlated well with the dissolved organic carbon content. In natural sediment slurries, reduction rates of bound CNAAzB correlated well with parameters for organic carbon (OC) content of both sediments and supernatants. Our results support a scenario in which reducible organic contaminants will compete with iron oxides for the electron flow generated by the microbially mediated oxidation of organic carbon and subsequent reduction of quinone functional groups associated with DOM. C1 [Zhang, Huichun; Weber, Eric J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Weber, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM weber.eric@epa.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 10 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1048 DI 10.1021/es8017072 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406MC UT WOS:000263298600015 PM 19320155 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Frick, WE AF Ge, Zhongfu Frick, Walter E. TI Time-frequency Analysis of Beach Bacteria Variations and its Implication for Recreational Water Quality Modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; SIGNIFICANCE TESTS; SPECTRUM AB This paper exploited the potential of the wavelet analysis in resolving beach bacteria concentration and candidate explanatory variables across multiple time scales with temporal information preserved. The wavelet transform of E. coli concentration and its explanatory variables observed at Huntington Beach, Ohio in 2006 exhibited well-defined patterns of different time scales, phases, and durations, which cannot be clearly shown in conventional time-domain analyses. If linear regression modeling is to be used for the ease of implementation and interpretation, the wave let-transformed regression model reveals that low model residual can be realized through matching major patterns and their phase angles between E. coli concentration and its explanatory variables. The property of pattern matching for linear regression models can be adopted as a criterion for choosing useful predictors, while phase matching further explains why intuitively good variables such as wave height and onshore wind speed were excluded from the optimal models by model selection processes in Frick et al. (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 4818-4824). The phase angles defined by the wavelet analysis in the time-frequency domain can help identify the physical processes and interactions occurring between bacteria concentration and its explanatory variables. It was deduced, for this particular case, that wind events resulted in elevated E. coli concentration, wave height, and turbidity at the beach with a periodicity of 7-8 days. Wind events also brought about increased beach bacteria concentrations through large-scale current circulations in the lake with a period of 21 days. The time length for linear regression models with statistical robustness can also be deduced from the periods of the major patterns in bacteria concentration and explanatory variables, which explains and supplements the modeling efforts performed in (1). C1 [Ge, Zhongfu] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM gezhfu@yahoo.com; frick.walter@epa.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1133 DI 10.1021/es8024116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406MC UT WOS:000263298600029 PM 19320169 ER PT J AU Barnabe, S Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Beauchesne, I Surampalli, RY AF Barnabe, S. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Beauchesne, I. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Pre-treatment and bioconversion of wastewater sludge to value-added products-Fate of endocrine disrupting compounds SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Endocrine disrupting compounds; Toxic intermediates; Wastewater sludge; Pre-treatment; Bioconversion; Value added products ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BIOPESTICIDES; MESOPHILIC ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES LAS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PHTHALATE-ESTERS; RAW-MATERIAL; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AB Development of processes for the production of value added products (VAPs), such as biopesticides, microbial inoculants or industrial enzymes through biotransformation of raw or pre-treated wastewater sludge (WWS) has undergone a substantial progress over the last decade. WWS based VAPs are low cost biological alternatives that can compete with chemicals or other cost intensive biological products in the current markets. However, when WWS is used as a raw material for VAPs production, questions still remains on the persistence of organic pollutants within the biotransformed WWS, especially, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and the production of their toxic intermediates. WWS pretreatment prior to biotransformation as well as the microbial strains used for biotransformation can possibly remove these organic pollutants. The literature findings concerning the impact of WWS pre-treatment and value added products on EDCs removal are reviewed in this paper. The microbial potential to degrade or detoxify EDCs and toxic intermediates concomitant with value-addition is also discussed. The concept of obtaining EDCs free-WWS based VAPs and simultaneously achieving the objective of pollution control is presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnabe, S.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.; Beauchesne, I.] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, 355254, STP235071]; INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grants A4984 and 355254, STP235071, Canada Research Chair) and INRS-ETE for financial support. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 171 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.015 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416FI UT WOS:000263990600001 PM 19110297 ER PT J AU Swartz, CD King, LC Nesnow, S Umbach, DM Kumar, S DeMarini, DM AF Swartz, Carol D. King, Leon C. Nesnow, Stephen Umbach, David M. Kumar, Subodh DeMarini, David M. TI Mutagenicity, stable DNA adducts, and abasic sites induced in Salmonella by phenanthro[3,4-b]- and phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophenes, sulfur analogs of benzo[c]phenanthrene SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mutagenicity; Salmonella; Sulfur-PAH; DNA adducts ID REGION DIOL-EPOXIDES; MULTIPLE PATHWAYS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; HETEROCYCLES; METABOLISM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOACTIVATION; DIHYDRODIOLS; CHRYSENE; DAMAGE AB Sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (thia-PAHs or thiaarenes) are common constituents of air pollution and cigarette smoke, but only a few have been studied for health effects. We evaluated the mutagenicity in Salmonella TA98, TA100, and TA104 of two sulfur-containing derivatives of benzo[c]phenanthrene, phenanthro[3,4-b]thiophene (P[3,4-b]T), and phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophene (P[4,3-b]T) as well as their dihydrodiol and sulfone derivatives. In addition, we assessed levels of stable DNA adducts (by (32)P-postlabeling) as well as abasic sites (by an aldehydic-site assay) produced by six of these compounds in TA100. P[3,4-b]T and its 6,7- and 8,9-diols, P[3,4-b]T sulfone, P[4,3-b]T, and its 8,9-diol were mutagenic in TA100. P[3,4-b]T sulfone, the most potent mutagen, was approximately twice as potent as benzo[a]pyrene in both TA98 and TA100. Benzo-ring dihydrodiols were much more potent than K-region dihydrodiols, which had little or no mutagenic activity in any strain. P[3,4-b]T sulfone produced abasic sites and not stable DNA adducts; the other five compounds examined, B[c]P, B[c]P 3,4-diol, P[3,4-b]T, P[3,4-b]T 8,9-diol, and P[4,3-b]T 8,9-diol, produced only stable DNA adducts. P[3,4-b]T sulfone was the only compound that produced significant levels of frameshift mutagenicity and induced mutations primarily at GC sites. In contrast, B[c]P, its 3,4-diol, and the 8,9 diols of the phenanthrothiophenes induced mutations primarily at AT sites. P[3,4-b]T was not mutagenic in TA104, whereas P[3,4-b]T sulfone was. The two isomeric forms (P[3,4-b]T and P[4,3-b]T) are apparently activated differently, with the latter, but not the former, involving a diol pathway. This study is the first illustrating the potential importance of abasic sites in the mutagenicity of thia-PAHs. Published by Elsevier B,V. C1 [King, Leon C.; Nesnow, Stephen; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Swartz, Carol D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Umbach, David M.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kumar, Subodh] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Environm Toxicol & Chem Lab, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov FU NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training Agreement in Environmental Science Research [US EPA CT 82651301]; Phillip Morris USA; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, FX We thank Peggy Matthews for preparation of medium and Linda Adams and Joycelyn Allison for help with the DNA adduct analyses. We thank Jeffrey Ross, Larry Claxton, and Daniel Shaughnessy for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. C.D.S. was supported by a grant from the NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training Agreement in Environmental Science Research, US EPA CT 82651301. S.K. acknowledges support from Phillip Morris USA. This work was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 661 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.11.001 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 410WO UT WOS:000263609200007 PM 19041882 ER PT J AU Adams, WA Impellitteri, CA AF Adams, William A. Impellitteri, Christopher A. TI The photocatalysis of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) using dispersions of Degussa P-25 TiO2 particles SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide; DEET; Titanium dioxide; Photocatalysis; Humic acid ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; INSECT REPELLENT DEET; DRINKING-WATER; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-WATER; HUMIC ACIDS; US STREAMS; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB The photocatalysis of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) was examined using aqueous Degussa P-25 TiO2 dispersions and a 350 nm Hg lamp UV reactor. Various concentrations of humic acid (HA) were added to the photocatalytic sample matrix in order to simulate the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) present during water treatment. A municipal secondary treatment effluent was also used as a sample matrix to provide a field sample comparison with laboratory matrixes. Pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constants were calculated for each set of samples. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) results showed a marked decrease in the photocatalytic degradation of DEET after the addition of HA. which continued to decrease with increasing HA concentration. The rate of degradation was further reduced after the addition of the municipal secondary treatment effluent, likely due to competition from dissolved organic matter and surface interference from soluble salts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adams, William A.; Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Adams, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM adams.william@epa.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.11.003 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 409IS UT WOS:000263500000004 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Perera, L Schaaper, RM Pedersen, LC London, RE Pedersen, LG Darden, TA AF Cisneros, G. Andres Perera, Lalith Schaaper, Roel M. Pedersen, Lars C. London, Robert E. Pedersen, Lee G. Darden, Thomas A. TI Reaction Mechanism of the epsilon Subunit of E-coli DNA Polymerase III: Insights into Active Site Metal Coordination and Catalytically Significant Residues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FAMILIAL CHILBLAIN LUPUS; TRANSFER-RNA SYNTHETASE; MINIMUM-ENERGY PATHS; HOT GENE-PRODUCT; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; PROOFREADING EXONUCLEASE; ENZYME CATALYSIS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; THETA-SUBUNIT; COMPLEX AB The 28 kDa epsilon subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III is the exonucleotidic proofreader responsible for editing polymerase insertion errors. Here, we study the mechanism by which E carries out the exonuclease activity. We performed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations on the N-terminal domain containing the exonuclease activity. Both the free-E and a complex E bound to a 0 homologue (HOT) were studied. For the epsilon-HOT complex Mg2+ or Mn2+ were investigated as the essential divalent metal cofactors, while only Mg2+ was used for free-e. In all calculations a water molecule bound to the catalytic metal acts as the nucleophile for hydrolysis of the phosphate bond. Initially, a direct proton transfer to H162 is observed. Subsequently, the nucleophilic attack takes place followed by a second proton transfer to E14. Our results show that the reaction catalyzed with Mn2+ is faster than that with Mg2+, in agreement with experiment. In addition, the E-HOT complex shows a slightly lower energy barrier compared to free-E. In all cases the catalytic metal is observed to be pentacoordinated. Charge and frontier orbital analyses suggest that charge transfer may stabilize the pentacoordination. Energy decomposition analysis to study the contribution of each residue to catalysis suggests that there are several important residues. Among these, H98, D103, D129, and D146 have been implicated in catalysis by mutagenesis studies. Some of these residues were found to be structurally conserved on human TREX1, the exonuclease domains from E. coli DNA-Pol 1, and the DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. C1 [Cisneros, G. Andres; Perera, Lalith; Pedersen, Lars C.; London, Robert E.; Pedersen, Lee G.; Darden, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schaaper, Roel M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cisneros, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cisnero1@niehs.nih.gov; pereral2@niehs.nih.gov RI pedersen, lee/A-8567-2009; Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010; perera, Lalith/B-6879-2012; Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI perera, Lalith/0000-0003-0823-1631; Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 FU NIH; NIEHS [Z01 ES09060111]; NIH [HL-06350]; NSF [FRG/DMR-0804549] FX This research was supported by the intramural research program of the NIH and NIEHS Z01 ES09060111. L.G.P. acknowledges support from NIH HL-06350 and NSF FRG/DMR-0804549. Computing-time from the NIEHS and UNC computing facilities are gratefully acknowledged. G.A.C. thanks Drs. J. M. Parks and H. Hu and Prof. W. Yang from Duke University and Prof. Y. Zhang from NYU. NR 76 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 4 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 4 BP 1550 EP 1556 DI 10.1021/ja8082818 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 427PS UT WOS:000264791800052 PM 19119875 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, AJ Nixon, SW Granger, SL El-Sayed, AFM McKinney, RA AF Oczkowski, Autumn J. Nixon, Scott W. Granger, Stephen L. El-Sayed, Abdel-Fattah M. McKinney, Richard A. TI Anthropogenic enhancement of Egypt's Mediterranean fishery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fisheries; Nile delta; nutrient enrichment; stable isotope ID NILE DELTA; NITROGEN; RIVER; SEA AB The highly productive coastal Mediterranean fishery off the Nile River delta collapsed after the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1965. But the fishery has been recovering dramatically since the mid-1980s, coincident with large increases in fertilizer application and sewage discharge in Egypt. We use stable isotopes of nitrogen (delta N-15) to demonstrate that 60%-100% of the current fishery production may be from primary production stimulated by nutrients from fertilizer and sewage runoff. Although the establishment of the dam put Egypt in an ideal position to observe the impact of rapid increases in nutrient loading on coastal productivity in an extremely oligotrophic sea, the Egyptian situation is not unique. Such anthropogenically enhanced fisheries also may occur along the northern rim of the Mediterranean and offshore of some rapidly developing tropical countries, where nutrient concentrations in the coastal waters were previously very low. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn J.; Nixon, Scott W.; Granger, Stephen L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [El-Sayed, Abdel-Fattah M.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Oceanog, Alexandria, Egypt. [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Oczkowski, AJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ajo@gso.uri.edu OI Oczkowski, Autumn/0000-0002-2421-0956 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Biological Oceanography Program; U.S.-Egypt Joint Board Junior Scientist Development Visit Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biological Oceanography Program (to S.W.N. and A.J.O.), a U.S.-Egypt Joint Board Junior Scientist Development Visit Grant (to A.J.O.), and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship (to A.J.O). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. We thank E. Merchant and T. Heywood for help with sample processing and A. Salem, M. Gomaa, and M. Elnakib for help in sample collection. Helpful comments were provided by M. E. Q. Pilson, C. Oviatt, B. Fry, G. Lewis, B. Peterson, and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1367 DI 10.1073/pnas.0812568106 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 403HV UT WOS:000263074600016 PM 19164510 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Walker, J Schwede, D Peters-Lidard, C Dennis, R Robarge, W AF Wu, Yihua Walker, John Schwede, Donna Peters-Lidard, Christa Dennis, Robin Robarge, Wayne TI A new model of bi-directional ammonia exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere: Ammonia stomatal compensation point SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Deposition; Emission; Compensation point; Modeling; Bi-directional flux; Soybean ID DRY DEPOSITION MODEL; OILSEED RAPE; APOPLASTIC NH4+; GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; BARLEY PLANTS; NH3 EXCHANGE; BARE SOIL; LEAVES; NITROGEN AB A new multi-layer canopy resistance model of bi-directional NH(3) exchange is presented. This new model, which is based on the Multi-Layer BioChemical deposition (MLBC) model [Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003a. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. I. model formulation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1; Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003b. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. II. Model evaluation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1], incorporates a parameterization for the ammonia stomatal compensation point that is theoretically derived to consider the effects of leaf temperature and apoplastic concentrations of NH(4)(+) and H(+). The new ammonia stomatal compensation point scheme accounts for the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature on the dynamics of apoplast [NH(4)(+)] and [H(+)]. The new model is evaluated against bidirectional NH(3) fluxes measured over fertilized soybean. The general patterns of observed deposition and emission are successfully reproduced when the ammonia stomatal compensation point is included. Driven by the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature, modeled apoplastic [NH(4)(+)] and [H(+)] display significant diurnal variation when the buffer effect of the underlying metabolic processes generating or consuming NH(4)(+) were ignored. Model predictive capability is improved slightly by incorporating the feedback into a dynamic stomatal compensation point. A simple implementation of the feedback mechanism in the current model provides opportunities for improvement. While the stomatal flux is shown to be an important process in the regulation of canopy-scale fluxes, it appears that exchange with leaf surface water and soil may also be important. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Yihua] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Walker, John] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schwede, Donna; Dennis, Robin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robarge, Wayne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Yihua.Wu@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 263 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.08.012 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 397TH UT WOS:000262684500006 ER PT J AU Carroll, M Radcliffe, E MacRae, I Ragsdale, D Olson, K Badibanga, T AF Carroll, Matthew W. Radcliffe, Edward B. MacRae, Ian V. Ragsdale, David W. Olson, Kent D. Badibanga, Thaddee TI Border Treatment to Reduce Insecticide Use in Seed Potato Production: Biological, Economic, and Managerial Analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Targeted applications; Myzus persicae; Methamidophos; Green peach aphid ID MANAGEMENT AB Worldwide, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is considered the key vector of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). In the northern Great Plains, introduction of PLRV into seed potato fields is coincident with mid-summer dispersal of winged M. persicae from local crop and weed hosts. Initial colonization of potato fields tends to occur at field margins. In 2003, experiments were conducted in 23 seed potato fields to evaluate effectiveness of targeted methamidophos applications for M. persicae control. These applications provided excellent control (> 94%) of colonizing aphids in the borders, slowed subsequent within field spread, and necessitated treatment of 95% fewer hectares than would treating entire fields. Across entire fields, control costs averaged $4.22 per ha for border treatments compared to a hypothetical $58.91 per ha for applying methamidophos to entire fields. Thus targeted insecticide applications can provide effective M. persicae control in seed potato fields while greatly lowering insecticide use and application costs overall. C1 [Carroll, Matthew W.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, STD,SEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Radcliffe, Edward B.; MacRae, Ian V.; Ragsdale, David W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Olson, Kent D.; Badibanga, Thaddee] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carroll, M (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, STD,SEB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM carroll.matthew@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was sponsored by American Farmland Trust Center for Agriculture in the Environment and funded in part by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. We are grateful for the cooperation of the seed potato growers who participated in this project. Collectively, the acreage they entered into this experiment represented more than 4.6% of the total Minnesota and North Dakota seed potato acreage certified in 2003. We thank Gregg Halverson, President and CEO of Black Gold for his permission to use information on Black Gold's pest management practices. We also thank Robert Suranyi, Willem Schrage, Jeff Davis, Erin Hladilek, and all the undergraduate field workers who helped make this project a success. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9058-7 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 403FX UT WOS:000263069600004 ER PT J AU Barzyk, TM George, BJ Vette, AF Williams, RW Croghan, CW Stevens, CD AF Barzyk, Timothy M. George, Barbara Jane Vette, Alan F. Williams, Ronald W. Croghan, Carry W. Stevens, Carvin D. TI Development of a distance-to-roadway proximity metric to compare near-road pollutant levels to a central site monitor SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Near-road; VOC; Effective distance; Central site monitor ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MAJOR ROAD; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-KINGDOM; MAIN ROADS; EXPOSURE AB The primary objective of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) was to compare air pollutant concentrations measured at various neighborhoods, or exposure monitoring areas (EMAs), throughout a major metropolitan area to levels measured at a central site or community monitor. One of the EMAs was located near a busy freeway (annual average daily traffic (AADT) of similar to 130,000) so that impacts of mobile sources could be examined, Air pollution concentrations from the roadway-proximate sites were compared to the central site monitor. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) selected (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p- and o-xylene, 1,3 butadiene, 13,5-trimethylbenzene and 4-ethyltoluene) are typically associated with mobile sources. Gradients were also evident that demonstrated the amplification of pollutant levels near the roadway compared to the community monitor. A novel distance-to-roadway proximity metric was developed to plot the measurements and model these gradients. Effective distance represents the actual distance an air parcel travels from the middle of a roadway to a site and varies as a function of wind direction, whereas perpendicular distance is a fixed distance oriented normal to the roadway. Perpendicular distance is often used as a proxy for exposures to traffic emissions in epidemiological Studies. Elevated concentrations of all the compounds were found for both a Summer and winter season. Effective distance was found to be a statistically significant (p < 0.05) univariate predictor for concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene for Summer 2005. For each of these pollutants, effective distance yielded lower p-values than the corresponding perpendicular distance models, and model fit improved. Results demonstrate that this near-road EMA had elevated levels of traffic-related VOCs compared to the community monitor, and that effective distance was a more accurate predictor of the degree to which they were elevated as a function of distance. Effective distance produced a range of distance-to-roadway Values for a single site based on wind direction, thus increasing the number and range of values that Could be used to plot and predict relative differences in Pollutant concentrations between two sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Barzyk, Timothy M.; George, Barbara Jane; Vette, Alan F.; Williams, Ronald W.; Croghan, Carry W.; Stevens, Carvin D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barzyk, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barzyk.timothy@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404YE UT WOS:000263188100004 ER PT J AU Geron, C AF Geron, Chris TI Carbonaceous aerosol over a Pinus taeda forest in Central North Carolina, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organic carbon; Particulate matter; Southeastern US; Biogenic VOC; Biomass burning; Secondary organic aerosol ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ALPHA-PINENE; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; HUMIDITY; OZONE AB Organic aerosol is the least understood component of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)). In this study, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) within ambient PM(2.5) over a three-year period at a forested site in the North Carolina Piedmont are presented. EC exhibited significant weekday/weekend effects and less significant seasonal effects, in contrast to OC, which showed strong seasonal differences and smaller weekend/weekday effects. Summer OC concentrations are about twice as high as winter concentrations, while EC was somewhat higher in the winter. OC was highly correlated with EC during cool periods when both were controlled by primary combustion sources. This correlation decreased with increasing temperature, reflecting higher contributions from secondary organic aerosol, likely of biogenic origin. PM(2.)5 radiocarbon data from the site confirms that a large fraction of the carbon in PM(2.5) is indeed of biogenic origin, since modern (non-fossil fuel derived) carbon accounted for 80% of the PM(2.5) carbon over the course of a year. OC and EC exhibited distinct diurnal profiles, with summertime OC peaking in late evening and declining until midday, During winter, DC peaked during the early morning hours and again declined until midday. Summertime EC peaked during late morning hours except on weekends. Wintertime EC often peaked in late PM or early AM hours due to local residential wood combustion emissions. The highest short term peaks in OC and EC were associated with wildfire events. These data corroborate recent source apportionment Studies conducted within 20 km of our site, where oxidation products of isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-caryophyllene were identified as important precursors to organic aerosols. A large fraction of the carbon in rural southeastern ambient PM(2.5), appears to be of biogenic origin, which is probably difficult to reduce by anthropogenic controls. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geron, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Mail Drop E305-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geron.chris@epa.gov OI Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62083]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX I thank Dave Smith of Sunset Laboratories for his technical assistance with the Sunset OC/EC analyzer. Dr. John Offenberg of EPA NERL performed off-line OC/EC analysis of the Hi-vol samples and provided helpful insight during the study. Mike McClure of EPA NRMRL provided assistance in developing standards for the Sunset OC/EC instrument. Dr. John I Walker of EPA NRMRL assisted in the development of the meteorological database Used in this study. Carol Shay Lenox and Carly Carroll of EPA NRMRL were very helpful in managing the aethalometer data. Dr. Wayne Cornelius of the North Carolina Department of Air Quality provided regional air quality data from Burlington, Caswell County, Durham, and Raleigh. His expertise and assistance is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62083. Meteorological data were obtained under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.053 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404YE UT WOS:000263188100024 ER PT J AU Swall, JL Foley, KM AF Swall, Jenise L. Foley, Kristen M. TI The impact of spatial correlation and incommensurability on model evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Block kriging; Air quality modeling; Spatial interpolation; Statistical simulation ID NUMERICAL-MODELS; CMAQ AB Standard evaluations of air quality models rely heavily on a direct comparison of monitoring data matched with the model output for the grid cell containing the monitor's location. While such techniques may be adequate for some applications, conclusions are limited by such factors as the sparseness of the available observations (limiting the number Of grid cells at which the model can be evaluated) and the incommensurability between volume-averages and pointwise observations. We examine several sets of simulations to illustrate the effect of incommensurability in a Variety of cases distinguished by the type and extent of spatial correlation present. Block kriging, a statistical method which can be used to address the issue, is then demonstrated using the simulations. Lastly, we apply this method to actual data and discuss the practical importance Of understanding the impact of spatial correlation structure and incommensurability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Swall, Jenise L.; Foley, Kristen M.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Swall, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM swall.jenise@epa.gov; foley.kristen@epa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1204 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.057 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 408HR UT WOS:000263426600006 ER PT J AU Hagler, GSW Baldauf, RW Thoma, ED Long, TR Snow, RF Kinsey, JS Oudejans, L Gullett, BK AF Hagler, G. S. W. Baldauf, R. W. Thoma, E. D. Long, T. R. Snow, R. F. Kinsey, J. S. Oudejans, L. Gullett, B. K. TI Ultrafine particles near a major roadway in Raleigh, North Carolina: Downwind attenuation and correlation with traffic-related pollutants SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ultrafine particles; Air toxics; Carbon monoxide; Traffic emissions; Gradient ID PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTIONS; SUBMICROMETER PARTICLES; SIZE; VEHICLES; TRANSLOCATION; HIGHWAYS; EXPOSURE; NUMBER; FINE AB Ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter < 100 nm) and co-emitted pollutants from traffic are a potential health threat to nearby populations. During summertime in Raleigh, North Carolina UFPs were simultaneously measured upwind and downwind of a major roadway using a spatial matrix of five portable industrial hygiene samplers (measuring total counts of 20-1000 run particles). While the upper sampling range of the Portable samplers extends past the defined "ultrafine" upper limit (100 nm), the 201000 nm number counts had high Correlation (Pearson R = 0.7-0.9) with UFPs; (10-70 nm) measured by a co-located research-grade analyzer and thus appear to be driven by the Ultrafine range. Highest UFP concentrations were observed during weekday morning work commutes, with levels at 20 m downwind from the road nearly fivefold higher than at an upwind station. A strong downwind spatial gradient was observed, linearly approximated over the first 100 in as an 8% drop in UFP Counts per 10 in distance. This result agreed well with UFP spatial gradients estimated from past studies (ranging 5-12% drop per 10 in). Linear regression of other vehicle-related air Pollutants measured in near real-time (10-min averages) against UFPs yielded moderate to high correlation with benzene (R(2) = 0.76), toluene (R(2) = 0.49), carbon monoxide (R(2) = 0.74), nitric oxide (R(2) = 0.80), and black carbon (R(2) = 0.65). Overall, these results support the notion that near-road levels of UFPs are heavily influenced by traffic emissions and correlate with other vehicle-produced Pollutants, including certain air toxics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hagler, G. S. W.; Baldauf, R. W.; Thoma, E. D.; Long, T. R.; Kinsey, J. S.; Gullett, B. K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, R. W.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Snow, R. F.; Oudejans, L.] ARCADIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hagler, GSW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hagler.gayle@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 FU U.S. EPA's National Program; EPA Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant; North Carolina Lions Club for the Blind; ARCADIS FX This research would not be possible without the support of a large number of individuals within the EPA. The authors are grateful for the leadership and Support from Dan Costa, U.S. EPA's National Program Director for Air. This research received funding assistance from the EPA Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant and field access from the North Carolina Lions Club for the Blind. In addition, the authors wish to thank Edgar Thompson, Bill Mitchell, Jason Weinstein, Sue Kimbrough, and Bruce Harris in the EPA Office of Research and Development for their contributions to this Study. Finally we are grateful to ARCADIS employees Eric Morris, Tom Balicki, and Ram Hashmonay for critical project implementation support. NR 25 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.024 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 408HR UT WOS:000263426600008 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Jacob, DJ Le Sager, P Streets, DG Park, RJ Gilliland, AB van Donkelaar, A AF Wang, Huiqun Jacob, Daniel J. Le Sager, Philippe Streets, David G. Park, Rokjin J. Gilliland, Alice B. van Donkelaar, A. TI Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Background ozone; Surface ozone; Air quality standard; Chemical transport model; Global model ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; AIRCRAFT; METHANE AB We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with 1 degrees x 1 degrees horizontal resolution to quantify the effects of anthropogenic emissions from Canada, Mexico, and outside North America on daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations in US surface air. Simulations for summer 2001 indicate mean North American and US background concentrations of 26 +/- 8 ppb and 30 +/- 8 ppb, as obtained by eliminating anthropogenic emissions in North America vs. in the US only. The US background never exceeds 60 ppb in the model. The Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancement averages 3 +/- 4 ppb in the US in summer but can be occasionally much higher in downwind regions of the northeast and southwest, peaking at 33 ppb in upstate New York (on a day with 75 ppb total ozone) and 18 ppb in southern California (on a day with 68 ppb total ozone). The model is successful in reproducing the observed variability of ozone in these regions, including the occurrence and magnitude of high-ozone episodes influenced by transboundary pollution. We find that exceedances of the 75 ppb US air quality standard in eastern Michigan, western New York, New Jersey, and southern California are often associated with Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancements in excess of 10 ppb. Sensitivity simulations with 2020 emission projections suggest that Canadian pollution influence in the Northeast US will become comparable in magnitude to that from domestic power plants. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Huiqun; Jacob, Daniel J.; Le Sager, Philippe] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Park, Rokjin J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Gilliland, Alice B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Washington, DC USA. [van Donkelaar, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Wang, HQ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hwang@cfa.harvard.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Fossil Energy; Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by US Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, through a contract with Argonne National Laboratory. We thank Naresh Kumar at EPRI and Thomas Grahame at DOE for their constructive input to this work. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 408HR UT WOS:000263426600018 ER PT J AU McNyset, KM AF McNyset, Kristina M. TI Ecological niche conservatism in North American freshwater fishes SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GARP; predictive modeling ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BLACK BASSES; SPECIATION; PREDICTION; TELEOSTEI; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; ACTINOPTERYGII; DISTRIBUTIONS; CENTRARCHIDAE; SYSTEMATICS AB There are many hypotheses of relationships, and also of speciation processes, in North American freshwater fishes, although, to date, there have been no direct tests of whether there is evidence of ecological niche conservatism. In the present study, ecological niche modeling is used to look for evidence of ecological niche conservatism in six clades of freshwater fishes: the starheaded topminnows, sand darters, black basses, Notropis rubellus species group, Notropis longirostris species group, and the Hybopsis amblops species group. This is achieved by evaluating the reciprocal predictivity of distributional predictions based on ecological niche models developed for each individual taxon in a clade under the assumption that high reciprical predictivity between sister species can be taken as evidence of niche conservatism. Omission percentages, total and average commission, and the area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic analysis, where calculated, are used to evaluate predictive ability. Occurrence data for each species were subset into a training and independent validation data set where possible. Across all clades and species, models predicted the validation data for a given species well. Ecological niche conservatism was found generally across the starheaded topminnows, the sand darters, and the N. longirostris species group. There was some inter-predictivity within the N. rubellus group, but almost no inter-predictivity within the black basses, indicating a lack of conservatism. These results demonstrate that ecological niches generally act as stable constraints on freshwater fish distributions in North America. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 282-295. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP McNyset, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM krismcn@gmail.com NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01121.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 397AU UT WOS:000262635000003 ER PT J AU Scott, LLF Staskal, DF Williams, ES Luksemburg, WJ Urban, JD Nguyen, LM Haws, LC Birnbaum, LS Paustenbach, DJ Harris, MA AF Scott, Laura L. F. Staskal, Daniele F. Williams, E. Spencer Luksemburg, William J. Urban, Jon D. Nguyen, Ly M. Haws, Laurie C. Birnbaum, Linda S. Paustenbach, Dennis J. Harris, Mark A. TI Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in southern Mississippi catfish and estimation of potential health risks SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Dioxin; PCDDs; PCDFs; PCBs; Biomonitoring; Fish ID UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINANTS; FISH; PCBS; REEVALUATION; BENEFITS; COOKING AB Fish consumption has been classified as one of the primary pathways of exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, we evaluated tissue levels of the 17 laterally substituted PCDD/Fs, 12 dioxin-like PCBs, and 97 non-dioxin-like PCBs in a number of wild-caught and farm-raised cat fish collected throughout southern Mississippi. Total lipid-adjusted TEQ and non-dioxin-like PCB concentrations in wild-caught cat fish fillets were significantly higher than concentrations in farm-raised fillet samples. The percent contribution of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs to mean total TEQ varied between wild-caught and farm-raised samples as well as by collection site for wild-caught cat fish. The non-dioxin-like PCBs that contributed the most to total PCB concentrations also differed between wild-caught and farm-raised samples. Regardless of whether samples were farm-raised or wild-caught, estimated cancer risks associated with consumption of these cat fish were less than 27.0E-06. Overall, results of this study indicate that levels of dioxin-like compounds and PCBs in Mississippi cat fish are similar to those measured in more recent studies in the US and that levels of these compounds appear to be decreasing in this food source. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, Laura L. F.; Williams, E. Spencer; Nguyen, Ly M.; Harris, Mark A.] ChemRisk, Houston, TX 77042 USA. [Staskal, Daniele F.; Urban, Jon D.; Haws, Laurie C.] ChemRisk, Austin, TX USA. [Luksemburg, William J.] Vista Analyt Lab, El Dorado Hills, CA USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paustenbach, Dennis J.] ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Scott, LLF (reprint author), ChemRisk, 10375 Richmond Ave,Suite 350, Houston, TX 77042 USA. EM lscott@chemrisk.com OI harris, mark/0000-0002-9007-1587 FU Joslyn Manufacturing, Inc.; Liberty Mutual; ChemRisk, Inc.; Vista Analytical Laboratory FX We would like to thank the local anglers of southern Mississippi for their efforts in helping us obtain cat fish for this study. Thanks are also given to Ken Unice for his help with data quality veri. cation and Andrew Tachovsky for his expertise in GIS. Funding for the analyses described in this paper was provided in part by Joslyn Manufacturing, Inc. and Liberty Mutual. Additional funding was provided by ChemRisk, Inc. and Vista Analytical Laboratory. The contents of this paper reflect the opinions and view of the authors and do not represent the official views of the USEPA. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2009 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1002 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.090 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418XE UT WOS:000264182400019 PM 19108868 ER PT J AU Glaser, J AF Glaser, John A. TI Right to food and agrofuels SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10098-008-0192-1 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407JD UT WOS:000263358500003 ER PT J AU Lu, G Dolgner, SJ Hall, TMT AF Lu, Gang Dolgner, Stephen J. Hall, Traci M. Tanaka TI Understanding and engineering RNA sequence specificity of PUF proteins SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUMILIO-HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; FAMILY; YEAST; LOCALIZATION; TRANSLATION AB PUF proteins are RNA-binding proteins named for founding members PUMILIO and fem-3 binding factor (FBF). Together these proteins represent the range of known RNA recognition properties. PUMILIO is a prototypical PUF protein whose RNA sequence specificity is simple, elegant, and predictable. FBF displays differences in RNA recognition that represent divergence from the prototype. Here we review recent studies that examine the engineering of sequence specificity of PUF proteins and its applications as well as studies that increase our understanding of the natural diversity of RNA recognition by this family of proteins. C1 [Lu, Gang; Dolgner, Stephen J.; Hall, Traci M. Tanaka] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lu, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lug@niehs.nih.gov; dolgn001@mc.duke.edu; hall4@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We are grateftil to our colleagLICS for critical reading ofthis manLiScript and 11 Cacioppo of the NJ EHS Arts and Photography grOLIP for graphics design. 'Fhis work was supported by the Intramural escarch Program of the National InStitLlteS of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 5 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2008.12.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 420IH UT WOS:000264282000017 PM 19186050 ER PT J AU Wasko, BM Holland, CL Resnick, MA Lewis, LK AF Wasko, Brian M. Holland, Cory L. Resnick, Michael A. Lewis, L. Kevin TI Inhibition of DNA double-strand break repair by the Ku heterodimer in mrx mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Telomerase; Exonuclease; DNA repair; End-joining; Homologous recombination ID YEAST TELOMERASE RNA; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; CHECKPOINT ACTIVATION; GENOME STABILITY; MRE11 COMPLEX; PROTEIN; MAINTENANCE; INTERACTS; COMPONENT; DAMAGE AB Yeast rad50 and mre11 nuclease mutants are hypersensitive to physical and chemical agents that induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This sensitivity was suppressed by elevating intracellular levels of TLC1, the RNA subunit of telomerase. Suppression required proteins linked to homologous recombination, including Rad51. Rad52, Rad59 and Exo1. but not genes of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. Deletion mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the 5'-end of TLC1 RNA was essential and a segment containing a binding site for the Yku70/Yku80 complex was sufficient for suppression. A mutant TLC1 RNA unable to associate with Yku80 protein did not increase resistance. These and other genetic studies indicated that association of the Ku heterodimer with broken DNA ends inhibits recombination in mrx mutants. but not in repair-proficient cells or in other DNA repair single mutants. In support of this model, DNA damage resistance of mrx cells was enhanced when YKU70 was co-inactivated. Defective recombinational repair of DSBs in mrx cells thus arises from at least two separate processes: loss of Mrx nuclease-associated DNA end-processing and inhibition of the Exo1-mediated secondary recombination pathway by Ku. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wasko, Brian M.; Holland, Cory L.; Lewis, L. Kevin] Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lewis, LK (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM LL18@txstate.edu FU Research Corporation [CC5767]; National Institutes of Health [1R15AG02852001A1] FX The authors wish to thank Dan Gottschling and Nancy Kleckner for gifts of plasmids and Shanna Calero for expert technical assistance. KL was supported in part by Research Corporation grant CC5767 and National Institutes of Health Grant 1R15AG02852001A1. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.09.010 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 405GU UT WOS:000263211900004 PM 18992851 ER PT J AU Ghanayem, BI Bai, R Burka, LT AF Ghanayem, Burhan I. Bai, Re Burka, Leo T. TI Effect of Dose Volume on the Toxicokinetics of Acrylamide and Its Metabolites and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID URINARY METABOLITES; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; MALE-MICE; GLYCIDAMIDE; GENOTOXICITY; CYP2E1-NULL; DNA AB Acrylamide (AA) is a known mutagen and animal carcinogen. Comparison of recent studies revealed significant quantitative differences in AA-induced germ cell mutagenicity. It was hypothesized that despite the administration of AA at similar doses, the discrepancy in the observed effects was most likely due to varying AA concentrations in the administered dosing solution. To test this hypothesis, AA was administered i.p. to mice at 50 mg/kg in a dose volume of 5 or 50 ml/kg, blood was collected at various time points, and AA and its metabolites were quantitated. Changes in dose volume resulted in significant differences in the toxicokinetics of AA and its metabolites and suggested that increased C(max) of AA led to increased metabolism. This theory, in conjunction with the fact that higher levels of AA-derived radioactivity were detected in the testes, may explain the greater toxicity of a 50 mg/kg dose when administered in 5 versus 50 ml/kg. The impact of dose volume on the toxicokinetics of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG), a nonreactive, nonmetabolizable substance, was also investigated. The areas under the curve for DG were not different for the two dose volumes; however, C(max) for the more concentrated dose was significantly higher. In conclusion, current studies show that the toxicokinetics of an administered xenobiotic and its metabolites is influenced by the concentration of the parent chemical in the dosing solution. Therefore, it is important to consider the concentration of an administered xenobiotic in the dosing solution because it may affect its toxicokinetics and metabolism and subsequently affect the biological effects of the administered chemical. C1 [Ghanayem, Burhan I.; Bai, Re; Burka, Leo T.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ghanayem, BI (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Ghanayem@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.024265 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 396WV UT WOS:000262623000003 PM 19022940 ER PT J AU Hoehle, SI Knudsen, GA Sanders, JM Sipes, IG AF Hoehle, Simone I. Knudsen, Gabriel A. Sanders, J. Michael Sipes, I. Glenn TI Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol in Male Fischer-344 Rats SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A; FLAME-RETARDANT; F344/N RATS; DISPOSITION; CARCINOGENICITY; GLUCURONIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACETAMINOPHEN; MICE AB 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BMP) is a brominated flame retardant, previously shown to be a multisite carcinogen in experimental animals. Studies were performed to characterize the dispositional and metabolic fate of BMP after oral or intravenous administration to male Fischer-344 rats. After a single oral administration of [(14)C] BMP (10 or 100 mg/kg) >80% of the low dose and 48% of the high dose were excreted by 12 h in the urine predominantly as a glucuronide metabolite. After repeated daily oral doses for 5 or 10 days, route and rate of elimination were similar to those obtained after single administrations of BMP. In all studies, the radioactivity recovered in feces was low (<15%). The total amount of radioactivity remaining in tissues at 72 h after a single oral administration of BMP (100 mg/kg) was less than 1% of the dose, and repeated daily dosing did not lead to retention in tissues. After intravenous administration, the radiolabel found in blood decreased rapidly. Excretion profiles were similar to those after oral administration. Parent BMP and BMP glucuronide were present in blood plasma after oral or intravenous dosing. After an intravenous dose of BMP (15 mg/kg) the hepatic BMP glucuronide was primarily exported into the bile (>50% within 6 h), but it underwent enterohepatic recycling with subsequent elimination in the urine. These data indicate that the extensive extraction and rapid glucuronidation by the liver limits exposure of internal tissues to BMP by greatly reducing its systemic bioavailability after oral exposure. C1 [Hoehle, Simone I.; Knudsen, Gabriel A.; Sipes, I. Glenn] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Sanders, J. Michael] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sipes, IG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, POB 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM sipes@email.arizona.edu RI Knudsen, Gabriel/G-3706-2013 OI Knudsen, Gabriel/0000-0002-7208-6451 FU National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) [N01-ES-45529]; National Institutes of Health; NIEHS; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center [P30-ES06694] FX This work was supported by the National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) (Contract N01-ES-45529) and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and NIEHS. We also acknowledge support provided by the Analytical Core of the NIEHS-funded Southwest Environmental Health Science Center [Grant P30-ES06694]. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.023937 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 396WV UT WOS:000262623000024 PM 19029203 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF AF Ge, Zhongfu TI Effectiveness of the T-test in Multiple Linear Regression Modeling of Environmental Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE significance; model selection; orthonormal; Cp; multicollinearity ID BEACH CLOSURES; LAKE-MICHIGAN; ECOLOGY AB In previous works that used multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling, some researchers tended to extend the t-test results on the full model to infer a generalized conclusion that some explanatory variables influence the response more significantly than others. We found through a model re-parameterization that such generalization is only valid when the transformed design matrix is orthonormal, in which case the resulting t-ratios of the full model have a consistent order for the entire system (all reduced models). Otherwise, for practical data sets, t-ratios are all interdependent and subjected to changes in reduced models. Significance of the variables inferred from the full model therefore has no general meaning about the physics of the environmental system. In observation of the restriction of the t-test to a single model and the frequent need for deducing a general comparison of variable significance in environmental research, the significance test for explanatory variables can be conducted by a model selection process with, for example, Mallows' Cp, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), or Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), which are insensitive to the orthonormality of the transformed design matrix, as the selection criterion. Once the parsimonious model is identified, the variables in the parsimonious model can be considered to be significant for the response. This is a general inference about the significance of the explanatory variables, which is consistent for the entire system. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM gezhfu@yahoo.com FU National Academies of the United States FX The author would like to thank Mike Cyterski of EPA for the helpful discussions. This work also partially benefited from the research associateship programs of the National Academies of the United States. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403BP UT WOS:000263057100016 ER PT J AU Rao, ST Steyn, DG Kallos, G AF Rao, S. T. Steyn, Douw G. Kallos, George TI Physics-Chemistry interactions in the atmosphere from the air quality perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Steyn, Douw G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kallos, George] Univ Athens, Sch Phys, Div Environm & Meteorol, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 T Alexander Dr,Room E-240D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10652-009-9120-0 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 416AG UT WOS:000263977000001 ER PT J AU Neuberger, JS Hu, SC Drake, KD Jim, R AF Neuberger, John S. Hu, Stephen C. Drake, K. David Jim, Rebecca TI Potential health impacts of heavy-metal exposure at the Tar Creek Superfund site, Ottawa County, Oklahoma SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article CT Conference of the Society-for-Environmental-Geochemistry-and-Health on Urban Geochemistry and Health CY JUL 22-25, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth DE Hazardous wastes; Health studies; Lead; Mining wastes; Superfund site ID MINING COMMUNITY; NATIVE-AMERICAN; BLOOD LEAD; CHILDREN; CADMIUM; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; MORTALITY; WASTE; AREA AB The potential impact of exposure to heavy metals and health problems was evaluated at the Tar Creek Superfund site, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, USA. Observed versus expected mortality was calculated for selected conditions in the County and exposed cities. Excess mortality was found for stroke and heart disease when comparing the exposed County to the state but not when comparing the exposed cities to the nonexposed rest of the County. However, sample sizes in the exposed area were small, population emigration has been ongoing, and geographic coding of mortality data was incomplete. In an exposed community, 62.5% of children under the age of 6 years had blood lead levels exceeding 10 mu g/dl. The relationships between heavy-metal exposure and children's health and chronic disease in adults are suggestive that a more thorough investigation might be warranted. A number of possible environmental and health studies are suggested, including those focusing on possible central nervous system impacts. Unfortunately, the exposed population is dispersing. One lesson learned at this site is that health studies need to be conducted as soon as possible after an environmental problem is identified to both study the impact of the most acute exposures and to maximize study sample size-including those exposed to higher doses-and minimize the loss of individuals to follow-up. C1 [Neuberger, John S.] Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Hu, Stephen C.] Green Hosp, Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Drake, K. David] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Jim, Rebecca] LEAD Agcy, Vinita, OK 74301 USA. RP Neuberger, JS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Mail Stop 1008,3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM jneuberg@kumc.edu; Hu.Stephen@scrippshealth.org; Drake.Dave@epamail.epa.gov; rjim@neok.com NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 31 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9154-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 389IR UT WOS:000262086600004 PM 18306045 ER PT J AU White, RH Cote, I Zeise, L Fox, M Dominici, F Burke, TA White, PD Hattis, DB Samet, JM AF White, Ronald H. Cote, Ila Zeise, Lauren Fox, Mary Dominici, Francesca Burke, Thomas A. White, Paul D. Hattis, Dale B. Samet, Jonathan M. TI State-of-the-Science Workshop Report: Issues and Approaches in Low-Dose-Response Extrapolation for Environmental Health Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dose-response function; environmental health; low-dose extrapolation; risk assessment; workshop report ID CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; FRAMEWORK; RELEVANCE; MODE AB Low-dose extrapolation model selection for evaluating the health effects of environmental pollutants is a key component of the risk assessment process. At a workshop held in Baltimore, Maryland, on 23-24 April 2007, sponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Johns Hopkins Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, a multidisciplinary group of experts reviewed the state of the science regarding low-dose extrapolation modeling and its application in environmental health risk assessments. Participants identified discussion topics based on a literature review, which included examples for which human responses to ambient exposures have been extensively characterized for cancer and/or noncancer outcomes. Topics included the need for formalized approaches and criteria to assess the evidence for mode of action (MOA), the use of human versus animal data, the use of MOA information in biologically based models, and the implications of interindividual variability, background disease processes, and background exposures in threshold Versus nonthreshold model choice. Participants recommended approaches that differ from current practice for extrapolating high-dose animal data to low-dose human exposures, including categorical approaches for integrating information on MOA, statistical approaches such as model averaging, and inference-based models that explicitly consider uncertainty and interindividual variability. C1 [White, Ronald H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Risk Sci & Publ Policy Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Cote, Ila] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zeise, Lauren] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA USA. [White, Paul D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hattis, Dale B.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP White, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Risk Sci & Publ Policy Inst, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W6035, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rwhite@jhsph.edu NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 117 IS 2 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1289/ehp.11502 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 401VO UT WOS:000262970700039 PM 19270800 ER PT J AU Kalin, L Hantush, MM AF Kalin, Latif Hantush, Mohamed M. TI An Auxiliary Method to Reduce Potential Adverse Impacts of Projected Land Developments: Subwatershed Prioritization SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; Pocono Creek; SWAT; Watershed; Urbanization; Sustainability; Source prioritization ID URBANIZATION; STREAM; URBAN; UNCERTAINTY; HABITAT; EROSION AB An index based method is developed that ranks the subwatersheds of a watershed based on their relative impacts on watershed response to anticipated land developments, and then applied to an urbanizing watershed in Eastern Pennsylvania. Simulations with a semi-distributed hydrologic model show that computed low- and high-flow frequencies at the main outlet increase significantly with the projected landscape changes in the watershed. The developed index is utilized to prioritize areas in the urbanizing watershed based on their contributions to alterations in the magnitude of selected flow characteristics at two spatial resolutions. The low-flow measure, 7Q10, rankings are shown to mimic the spatial trend of groundwater recharge rates, whereas average annual maximum daily flow, (Q) over bar (AMAX), and average monthly median of daily flows, (Q) over bar (MMED), rankings are influenced by both recharge and proximity to watershed outlet. Results indicate that, especially with the higher resolution, areas having quicker responses are not necessarily the more critical areas for high-flow scenarios. Subwatershed rankings are shown to vary slightly with the location of water quality/quantity criteria enforcement. It is also found that rankings of subwatersheds upstream from the site of interest, which could be the main outlet or any interior point in the watershed, may be influenced by the time scale of the hydrologic processes. C1 [Kalin, Latif] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hantush, Mohamed M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kalin, L (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM latif@auburn.edu FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and managed the research described here through in-house efforts and in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 311 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9202-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418UR UT WOS:000264175400010 PM 18836760 ER PT J AU Costanza, J Fletcher, KE Loeffler, FE Pennell, KD AF Costanza, Jed Fletcher, Kelly E. Loeffler, Frank E. Pennell, Kurt D. TI Fate of TCE in Heated Fort Lewis Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABIOTIC DEGRADATION; SP-NOV; AQUIFER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DECHLORINATION; BACTERIUM; SEDIMENTS; COLUMNS; METAL; IRON AB This study explores the transformation of trichloroethene (TCE) caused by heating contaminated soil and groundwater samples obtained from the East Gate Disposal Yard (EGDY) located in Fort Lewis, WA. After field samples transferring into glass ampules and introducing 1.5 mu mol of TCE, the sealed ampules were incubated at temperatures of 25, 50, and 95 degrees C for periods of up to 95.5 days. Although TCE was completely transformed into cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) after 42 days at 25 degrees C by microbial activity, this transformation was not observed at 50 or 95 degrees C. Chloride levels increased after 42 days at 25 degrees C corresponding to the mass of TCE transformed to cis-DCE, were constant at 50 degrees C, and increased at 95 degrees C yielding a TCE degradation half-life of 1.6-1.9 years. These findings indicate that indigenous microbes contribute to the partial dechlorination of TCE to cis-DCE at temperatures of less than 50 degrees C, whereas interphase mass transfer and physical recovery of TCE will predominate over in situ degradation processes at temperatures of greater than 50 degrees C during thermal treatment at the EGDY site. C1 [Fletcher, Kelly E.; Loeffler, Frank E.; Pennell, Kurt D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Costanza, J (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM costanza.jed@epa.gov RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); [W912HQ-05-C-008]; [ER-1419] FX The authors thank Kyra P. Lynch and Jeff Powers, United States Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, for providing access to soil and groundwater samples, and W. Crawford Elliott (Georgia Sate University) for assistance with XRD analysis. Support for this research was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under Contract W912HQ-05-C-008 for Project ER-1419, "Investigation of Chemical Reactivity, Mass Recovery and Biological Activity During Thermal Treatment of DNAPL". This work has not been subject to SERDP review and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1021/es802508x PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401FX UT WOS:000262926400062 PM 19245035 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD Graybill, E AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Graybill, Eric TI Reactivity of Substituted Chlorines and Ensuing Dechlorination Pathways of Select PCB Congeners with Pd/Mg Bimetallics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ZEROVALENT IRON; HYDRODECHLORINATION; PALLADIUM; SYSTEMS; PARTICLES; SEDIMENTS AB Conflicting accounts occur on the reactivity of substituted chlorines and the ensuing dechlorination pathway of PCBs undergoing catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDCl). In order to understand these relationships, intermediates and dechlorination pathways of carefully selected 17 congeners were investigated with reactive Pd/Mg systems that bring about their rapid and complete dechlorination. The preferential site of electrophilic attack and its mechanistic aspects were interpreted in terms of steric, inductive, and resonance stabilization. The trends for electrophilic substitution were consistently p- > m- > o-positions indicating that more toxic "coplanar" PCB congeners were easily reduced. The dechlorination rates and pathways were influenced both by inductive effect of Cl that likely governs the stability of the intermediate arenium ion and by steric effects primarily effecting the adsorption step (especially for the o-congeners). Electrophilic attack occurred preferentially on the less substituted phenyl ring in absence of steric effects. A distinct correlation between rate of HDCl and the degree of chlorination was not observed, rather it depended on positions of Cl with respect to the biphenyl bond, and the dominance between counteracting factors of deactivation by subsequent chlorinations and improvement in probability of dechlorination through increased number of Cls. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Graybill, Eric] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1021/es802538d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401FX UT WOS:000262926400063 PM 19245036 ER EF